Middle Harbour Sites: Davidson Reserve, Gurney Crescent Baths, Sangrado Baths, Northbridge Baths, Clontarf Pool, Chinamans Beach, Edwards Beach and Balmoral Baths

Warringah Rd

Wakehurst ALLAMBIE FORESTVILLE Parkway HEIGHTS

8 u ( " Davidson " Reserve u MANLY RESERVOIR Roseville Bridge

SCOTTS CREEK

8 8 Gurney Cr Baths ( Eastern Valley Way Sangrado Baths ( u! 9 8 Spit Bridge SAILORS BAY Clontarf Pool

u "

u ( u MIDDLE HARBOUR 9 ( Northbridge u Baths

NORTHBRIDGE

Chinamans QUAKERS ( Beach HAT BAY TUNKS PK 8 ( Sample Site 8

Sewer Overflows u 9 u Edwards 8 Designed Structure Overflow Beach 9 Undirected Overflow ( t Stormwater Drains Military Rd t Small N t Medium Balmoral CREMORNE t Baths t Large t( Open Drain # 9 ! 0 0.5 1 99 9 Kilometres

144 Chapter 4 – The Harbourwatch Program Middle Harbour=s catchment covers 100 km2 and has a population of 190,000 people. Land use in the catchment is mainly residential and bushland (including Garigal National Park), with some commercial, recreational and industrial. Six local councils operate in this area.

Site Water Quality

Compliance of Middle Harbour Sites See Appendix 1 for explanation of criteria

Faecal coliforms Enterococci

Site Summer 1996-97 Winter 1997 Summer 1997-98 Summer 1996-97 Winter 1997 Summer 1997-98 % % % % % %

Davidson Reserve 94 90 91 74 71 91

Gurney Crescent Baths 100 76 91 92 62 91

Sangrado Baths 92 57 91 88 38 75

Northbridge Baths 100 100 94 71 62 75

Clontarf Pool 100 86 94 90 67 84

Edwards Beach 97 100 100 87 100 88

Balmoral Baths 100 100 100 81 67 72

Population Distribution of Indicator Bacteria Data See page 7 for explanation of box plot

10000

1000

100

10

1 Faecal coliform density (cfu/100 mL) (cfu/100 density coliform Faecal . l l l l s s s th o h s o o e e y y s h s r s r h e t s o h k y y e th th o c th o o v v a a th c th e th u c v P n o c r a a a a B a o o a s o a o s e a a B B R e P e a P P B B a e a ra a rb e C u d P e P n B B g rf B B t t C C e rd B B B B a B i r f B n y s o r o d l k h ly ly in o h y F h t s ir a a le n C d i ta s ra s ig n n r f c a n c H u S G le y e s o s r n d B l a a u d i it le i g S ri t a ls r ts id y ra b o r o ir o o w r n w w s i L n d B e a a v e g th l a m ty a M M b o l a e a n lin e S o e i P a n n r C w l r F t o b H D e r y t t R e N W D r a o d a o L m W o a e a a L lif s u N E B F a C r D C o G S T W G H R

10000

1000

100

10

Enterococci density (cfu/100 mL) 1

. l l l t l s s s th o h s o o e e y y s h s r s r h e s o h k y y e th th o c th o o v v a a th c th e th u c v P n o c r a a a B a o o B B a s o a o s e a a B B R a e P e a P P C C a e a ra a rb e C u d P e P n B B g rf B B t t e rd B B B a i r f y s o r o l k h ly ly in o h B y F h t B s ir a a B n le n C d id ta s ra s ig n n r f c a e n H iu S G le y e s o s r n d l a a u d i it l ic g S r t a ls r ts id y ra b o r o B ir o o r n w w s i L n d e a a v e g th l a ty a M M b o lw a e a n lin e S o e B i P a n n r C w lm r F t o b H D e r y t t R e N W D r a o d a o L m W o a e a a L lif s u N E B F a C r D C o G S T W G H R

Chapter 3 Ð The Harbourwatch Program 139

140 Chapter 3 Ð The Harbourwatch Program Davidson Reserve

The reserve contains a 25 m long netted swimming enclosure with a narrow beach. The swimming area is backed by a large picnic area that is situated within Garigal National Park.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 91 % compliance Enterococci: 91 % compliance

Pollution Sources Bathing water quality can be affected by bacterial contamination from stormwater and sewer overflows.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall

100000 1000000

100000 10000 10000 1000 1000 100 100 10 10 1 1

0 9 0 .9 9 .9 (cfu/100ml) density Enterococci 4. 9 20+ 9 20+ - - - -19. 1 0 0 0 0. 5. 0.1 - 4.9 5. Faecal coliform density (cfu/100ml) 10.0-19.9 10. 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm)

Season Data

100000 Faecal coliforms Summer Season 1997-98 10000 1000 100 10 1 10000 Enterococci Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100

Bacterial density (cfu/100 mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 6 7 8 8 9 9 97 9 ct e ct b O eb 97 Apr 97 n O Apr 9 Dec 96 F Ju Aug 97 Dec 97 Fe

Chapter 3 Ð The Harbourwatch Program 141 Gurney Crescent Baths

The baths are a 20 m by 20 m netted swimming enclosure backed by a bush reserve and located on Pickering Point.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 91 % compliance Enterococci: 91 % compliance

Pollution Sources Bathing water quality can be affected by bacterial contamination from sewer overflows in the catchment of Middle Harbour.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall

1000000 1000000

100000 100000

10000 10000

1000 1000

100 100

10 10

1 1

0 9 + 0 9 9 .9 9. Enterococci density (cfu/100ml) 4. 9. 9 20 - - 20+ 0-1 .1 0 .0-1 0.1 - 4.9 5.0 - 9.9 0. 0 5. 0 1 1 Faecal coliform density (cfu/100ml) density coliform Faecal 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm)

Season Data 1000000 100000 Faecal coliforms Summer Season 1997-98 10000 1000 100 10 1 10000 Enterococci Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100

Bacterial density (cfu/100 mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 6 7 7 7 8 96 9 9 c 9 b pr 9 g pr 9 Oct e A Oct 97 eb 98 A D Fe June 97 Au Dec 97 F

142 Chapter 3 Ð The Harbourwatch Program Sangrado Baths

The baths are a 25 m by 20 m netted swimming enclosure backed by a bush reserve and located in Powder Hulk Bay.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 91 % compliance Enterococci: 75 % compliance

Pollution Sources Stormwater drains discharge to Powder Hulk Bay. Bathing water quality can be affected by bacterial contamination from sewer overflows in the catchment of Middle Harbour.

Actions The Sangrado Park Project carried out by Manly Council has included the construction of stormwater management structures.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall

1000000 1000000

100000 100000

10000 10000

1000 1000

100 100

10 10

1 1

0 .9 0 .9 9 + Enterococcidensity (cfu/100ml) 4 9.9 9. 20 20+ - 4 -1 0-1 0.1 5.0 - 9.9 0. 0.1 - 5.0 - 9.9 0.0 1 1 Faecal coliform density (cfu/100ml) 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm) Season Data

1000000 100000 Faecal coliforms Summer Season 1997-98 10000 1000 100 10 1 10000 Enterococci Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100

Bacterial density (cfu/100 mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 6 7 7 7 8 9 9 c 9 b pr 9 g ec 97 pr 9 Oct 96 e A Oct 97 A De F June 97 Au D Feb 98

Chapter 3 Ð The Harbourwatch Program 143 Northbridge Baths

The baths are a 30 m by 65 m enclosed tidal swimming area. Lifeguards patrol the swimming area from October to March. The baths are closed by the council when water quality deteriorates.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 94 % compliance Enterococci: 75 % compliance

Pollution Sources A stormwater drain discharges from the eastern pier of the baths. Numerous stormwater drains discharge to the bay. Sewer overflows can discharge into the headwaters of the bay during wet weather.

Actions Willoughby Council has installed litter traps on stormwater systems discharging to Sailors Bay. Willoughby Council conducts regular water quality monitoring at this site.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall

100000 100000 ) l 10000 m 10000 0 0

1 / u

f 1000 1000 c

(

y t i

s 100 100 n e d

m 10 r 10 o f

i l o c

1 1 l a

c 0 9 9 9 0 . Enterococcidensity (cfu/100ml) .9 .9

e 4. 9. 4 9 - - 20+ 20+

a - - .1 0 1 0

F 0 5. 0. 5. 10.0-19 10.0-19.9 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm)

Season Data 100000 Faecal coliforms Summer Season 1997-98 10000

1000

100

10

1

10000 Enterococci Summer Season 1997-98

1000 100

Bacterial density (cfu/100 mL) 10 1 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 98 9 ct c 96 b 97 e ct c b r O e Apr O e Ap De F Jun Aug De F 144 Chapter 3 Ð The Harbourwatch Program Clontarf Pool

The tidal pool consists of a small netted swimming enclosure with a narrow sandy beach. The beach is backed by Clontarf Park.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 94 % compliance Enterococci: 84 % compliance

Pollution Sources Stormwater drains discharge directly into and within the local vicinity of the baths. Bathing water quality can be affected by bacterial contamination from sewer overflows higher up in the catchment of Middle Harbour.

Actions Manly Council is aiming to reduce stormwater pollution through community education, planning and the installation of gross pollutant traps.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall 10000 10000 )

l m

0 1000 1000

0 1 / u f

c ( 100 100 y t i

s n e d 10 10 m r o f

i l o c

1 1 l a c 0 9 + (cfu/100ml) density Enterococci 0 . 0 .9 .9 e 2 4 9 20+ - - a .0-19 1 0

F 0.1 - 4.9 5.0 - 9.9 0. 5. 10 10.0-19.9 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm) Season Data

1000000 Faecal coliforms 100000 Summer Season 1997-98 10000 1000

100 10 1 Summer Season 1997-98 10000 Enterococci 1000 100 Bacterial density (cfu/100 mL) 10 1 7 7 7 8 96 9 97 9 t 96 9 9 c e g ct c r Oc Apr 97 n u O Ap De Feb 97 Ju A De Feb 98 Chapter 3 Ð The Harbourwatch Program 145 Edwards Beach

A 50 m long netted swimming enclosure is situated at the southern end of the 400 m long beach. The beach is backed by a promenade and a small park at the northern end.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 100 % compliance Enterococci: 88 % compliance

Pollution Sources Stormwater drains discharge directly to the beach area. Bathing water quality can be affected by bacterial contamination from sewer overflows higher up in the catchment of Middle Harbour.

Actions Mosman Council is developing and implementing stormwater management plans. Permanent signs are erected advising bathers that the water is unsuitable for at least 3 days after heavy rain.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall

10000 10000

1000 1000

100 100

10 10

1 1

0 .9 9 9 (cfu/100ml) density Enterococci 0 .9 9 9. 20+ 9. 20+ - 4 - -19. - 9 0 0 0-1 0.1 5. 0.1 - 4.9 5.0 0. Faecal coliform density (cfu/100ml) density coliform Faecal 10. 1 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm) Season Data

100000 Faecal coliforms Summer Season 1997-98 10000 1000 100 10 1 Enterococci 10000 Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100

mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 9 9 9 97 9 98 ct b pr 9 ct c 9 pr 9 O A ug O A Dec Fe June 97 A De Feb

146 Chapter 3 Ð The Harbourwatch Program Balmoral Baths

A 50 m by 50 m netted swimming enclosure is situated towards the eastern end of the 800 m long beach. The beach is backed by a promenade at the western end and a large park and picnic area at the eastern end.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 100 % compliance Enterococci: 72 % compliance

Pollution Sources Stormwater drains discharge directly to the beach area. Bathing water quality can be affected by bacterial contamination from sewer overflows higher up in the catchment of Middle Harbour.

Actions A continuous deflective separation device, which traps gross pollutants and sediments, has been installed by Mosman Council in one of the stormwater drains discharging to Balmoral Beach. Sand filter traps have been constructed in the stormwater drains in Raglan Street car park. Permanent signs are erected advising bathers that the water is unsuitable for at least 3 days after heavy rain.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall 100000 100000

10000 10000

1000 1000

100 100

10 10

1 1

0 9 0 . Enterococcidensity (cfu/100ml) 9.9 20+ 9.9 20+ - 9 -1 .1 - 4.9 .0 0-1 0 5 0.0 0.1 - 4.9 5.0 - 9.9 0. Faecal coliform density (cfu/100ml) density coliform Faecal 1 1 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm)

Season Data

100000 Faecal coliforms 10000 Summer Season 1997-98

1000

100

10

1

10000 Enterococci Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100 mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 6 7 7 7 9 97 9 r 9 9 c p g ct pr 98 Oct 96 A O A De Feb 97 June 97 Au Dec Feb 98

Chapter 3 Ð The Harbourwatch Program 147 Chapter 3 Ð The Harbourwatch Program 147

North Harbour Sites: Forty Baskets Beach, Fairlight Beach, Manly Cove and Little Manly Cove

FAIRLIGHT

Sydney Rd

MANLY t ( t t Manly Coveu ( u Darley Fairlight Beach Rd u t 88 ( Forty Baskets Pool t t #

u( SYDNEY Little HARBOUR Manly Cove NATIONAL PARK

NORTH

HARBOUR DOBROYD HEAD

SYDNEY HARBOUR ( Sample Site NATIONAL PARK Sewer Overflows CANNAE 8 Designed Structure Overflow POINT 9 Undirected Overflow Stormwater Drains t Small t Medium t Large # Open Drain N

0 0.25 0.5 Kilometres

PORT JACKSON

154 Chapter 4 – The Harbourwatch Program North Harbour=s catchment is relatively small (5 km2). Land use in the catchment is mainly residential and bushland (including Sydney Harbour National Park). One local council operates in this area.

Beach Water Quality

Compliance of North Harbour Sites See Appendix 1 for explanation of criteria

Faecal coliforms Enterococci

Site Summer 1996-97 Winter 1997 Summer 1997-98 Summer 1996-97 Winter 1997 Summer 1997-98 % % % % % %

Forty Baskets Beach 100 100 100 94 81 72

Fairlight Beach 100 100 100 94 81 56

Manly Cove 100 100 100 94 95 72

Little Manly Cove 100 100 94 74 57 63

Population Distribution of Indicator Bacteria Data See page 7 for explanation of box plot

10000

1000

100

10

1 Faecal coliform density (cfu/100 mL) (cfu/100 density coliform Faecal . l l l l s s s th o h s o o e e y y s h s r s r h e t s o h k y y e th th o c th o o v v a a th c th e th u c v P n o c r a a a a B a o o a s o a o s e a a B B R e P e a P P B B a e a ra a rb e C u d P e P n B B g rf B B t t C C e rd B B B B a B i r f B n y s o r o d l k h ly ly in o h y F h t s ir a a le n C d i ta s ra s ig n n r f c a n c H u S G le y e s o s r n d B l a a u d i it le i g S ri t a ls r ts id y ra b o r o ir o o w r n w w s i L n d B e a a v e g th l a m ty a M M b o l a e a n lin e S o e i P a n n r C w l r F t o b H D e r y t t R e N W D r a o d a o L m W o a e a a L lif s u N E B F a C r D C o G S T W G H R

10000

1000

100

10

Enterococci density (cfu/100 mL) 1

. l l l r t l s s s th o h s o o e e y y s h s r s h e s o h k y y e th th o c th o o v v a a th c th e th u c v P n o c r a a a B a o o B B a s o a o s e a a B B R a e P e a P P C C a e a ra a rb e C u d P e P n B B g rf B B t t e rd B B B a i r f y s o r o l k h ly ly in o h B y F h t B s ir a a B n le n C d id ta s ra s ig n n r f c a e n H iu S G le y e s o s r n d l a a u d i it l ic g S r t a ls r ts id y ra b o r o B ir o o r n w w s i L n d e a a v e g th l a ty a M M b o lw a e a n lin e S o e B i P a n n r C w lm r F t o b H D e r y t t R e N W D r a o d a o L m W o a e a a L lif s u N E B F a C r D C o G S T W G H R

Chapter 3 - The Harbourwatch Program 149

Forty Baskets Beach

A 20 m by 40 m netted swimming area is adjacent to narrow beach. The beach is backed by a small park.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 100 % compliance Enterococci: 72 % compliance

Pollution Sources Stormwater drains discharge in the vicinity of the swimming enclosure.

Actions Manly Council has erected signs advising bathers that the water is unsuitable for swimming for at least 3 days after heavy rain.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall 10000 10000

1000 1000

100 100

10 10

1 1

0 .9 9 Enterococci density(cfu/100ml) 0 9 .9 9. 20+ 4. 9 20+ - 4 - - - .1 .0 1 0 0 5 0. 5. (cfu/100ml) density coliform Faecal 10.0-19.9 10.0-19.9 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm)

Season Data 100000 Faecal coliforms 10000 Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100 10 1 10000 Enterococci Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100

Bacterial density (cfu/100 mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 6 7 7 7 7 8 9 97 9 r 9 9 9 b p e g ct b Oct 9 e A u O e Apr 98 Dec 96 F Jun A Dec 97 F 150 Chapter 3 Ð The Harbourwatch Program

Fairlight Beach

The beach is 30 m long narrow and backed by a small grassy reserve and picnic area. Located adjacent to the beach is a 25 m concrete pool, which is filled with harbour water.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 100 % compliance Enterococci: 56 % compliance

Pollution Sources Stormwater drains and a sewer overflow.

Actions Manly Council has erected signs advising bathers that the water is unsuitable for swimming for at least 3 days after heavy rain.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall 10000 10000

1000 1000

100 100

10 10

1 1

0 .9 9 9 (cfu/100ml) density Enterococci 0 .9 9 9. 20+ 9. 20+ - 4 - -19. - 9 0 0 0-1 0.1 5. 0.1 - 4.9 5.0 0. Faecal coliform density (cfu/100ml) density coliform Faecal 10. 1 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm) Season Data 100000 Faecal coliforms Summer Season 1997-98 10000 1000 100 10 1 Enterococci 10000 Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100

Bacterial density (cfu/100 mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 6 7 8 9 97 97 97 9 c 9 b r e c b Oct 96 Ap n Oct 97 Apr 98 De Fe Ju Aug 97 De Fe

Chapter 3 - The Harbourwatch Program 151

Manly Cove

A 20 m by 40 m netted swimming enclosure is situated towards the centre of the 250 m long beach. The beach stretches west from the Manly ferry terminal and is backed by a promenade and a small park at the western end.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 100 % compliance Enterococci: 72 % compliance

Pollution Sources Stormwater drains discharge east of the ferry terminal.

Actions Manly Council has erected signs advising bathers that the water is unsuitable for swimming for at least 3 days after heavy rain.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall

10000 10000

1000 1000

100 100

10 10

1 1

0 .9 9 (cfu/100ml) density Enterococci 0 .9 9. 20+ 9.9 20+ - 4 - - 9 -1 .1 .0 .1 - 4.9 .0 0 5 0 5 0.0 Faecal coliform density (cfu/100ml) density coliform Faecal 10.0-19.9 1 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm)

Season Data 100000 Faecal coliforms Summer Season 1997-98 10000 1000 100 10 1 10000 Enterococci Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100 Bacterial density (cfu/100 mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 6 7 7 7 9 97 9 r 9 9 c p g ct pr 98 Oct 96 A O A De Feb 97 June 97 Au Dec Feb 98

152 Chapter 3 Ð The Harbourwatch Program

Little Manly Cove

A 30 m by 30 m netted swimming enclosure is located at the eastern end of the 150 m long beach. The beach is bounded by a small recreational reserve.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 94 % compliance Enterococci: 63 % compliance

Pollution Sources A stormwater drain discharges to the western end of the beach.

Actions Manly Council has erected signs advising bathers that the water is unsuitable for swimming for at least 3 days after heavy rain.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall 10000 10000

1000 1000

100 100

10 10

1 1

0 .9 9 9 (cfu/100ml) density Enterococci 0 .9 9 9. 20+ 9. 20+ - 4 - -19. - 9 0 0 0-1 0.1 5. 0.1 - 4.9 5.0 0. (cfu/100ml) density coliform Faecal 10. 1 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm) Season Data 100000 Summer Season 1997-98 10000 Faecal coliforms 1000 100 10 1 10000 Enterococci Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100 Bacterial density (cfu/100 mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 6 6 7 7 9 9 97 9 97 98 c 9 r e r ct e b O e Ap n ug Oct 97 Ap D F Ju A Dec 97 Feb 98 Chapter 3 - The Harbourwatch Program 153

Lower Lane Cove River Sites: Tambourine Bay, Woodford Bay and Woolwich Baths

( Sample Site Sewer Overflows LANE COVE 8 Designed Structure Overflow NATIONAL PARK 9 Undirected Overflow Stormwater Drains t Small t Medium t Large N # Open Drain

0 0.35 0.7 Pacific

Mowbray Rd Kilometres Highway

8 Epping Rd

M2 Motorway LANE COVE 8

Burns Bay Rd

8 RIVERVIEW

BURNS BAY $u" (Tambourine Bay

LONGUEVILLE tt( Woodford Bay

HUNTERS HILL LANE COVE RIVER

Woolwich Baths t( PARRAMATTA RIVER WOOLWICH

Victoria Road COCKATOO ISLAND 9

160 Chapter 4 – The Harbourwatch Program The Lower Lane Cove River is the 3 km long downstream reach of the Lane Cove River. Land use in the catchment adjacent to the Lower Lane Cove River is mainly residential with some commercial, recreational and bushland. Two local councils operate in this area.

Site Water Quality

Compliance of Lower Lane Cove River Sites See Appendix 1 for explanation of criteria

Faecal coliforms Enterococci

Site Summer 1996-97 Winter 1997 Summer 1997-98 Summer 1996-97 Winter 1997 Summer 1997-98 % % % % % %

Tambourine Bay 94 90 94 74 62 94

Woodford Bay 100 100 94 74 62 94

Woolwich Baths 94 100 94 74 90 91

Population Distribution of Indicator Bacteria Data See page 7 for explanation of box plot

10000

1000

100

10

Faecal coliformdensity (cfu/100 mL) 1

l l l r s. s s h h s y y h s r s ol h rk th th Bt oo th oo oo ve th se ou ve Pt ay ay P P ove Ba Ba aths ac a aths ach Po ac Pa B Ba Ba e eac Ba Co C e Ba Co us rden y B n Re rf l ly rd B Be B arb Be s iri af Be n le o idg ta skt ght P rin o a ey n Fr S y s ons Cr ds B ra B li nly df ch it ch H riu Ga le se r ts dso br on r r a an ou r wi Lt a grad th l mo y ai M M enl aw ling es St on ed Pa avi ney C wa F t olwi ba H D en r y t Si R e Ba Niel W D r an or al ort L Woo o L N Ed B F amb Ca re Da Clift os Gu S T W G Ha R

10000

1000

100

10 Enterococci density(cfu/100 mL) 1

l l l r t s. s s h h s y y h s s ol h rk th th Bt oo th oo oo ve th ser ou ve P ay ay P P ove Ba Ba aths ac a aths ach Po ac Pa B Ba Ba e eac Ba Co C e Ba Co us rden y B n Re rf l ly rd B Be B arb Be s iri af Be n le o idg ta skt ght Pnly rin o a ey n Fr S y s ons Cr ds B ra B li df ch it ch H riu Ga le se r ts dso on ir a an ou o i Lt d grad l y a M o enl aw es St S e Pa avi C war F t M olwi bar H D enwi rling y t fton R e Ba Niel Wa D rney an orthbr almo ort L W o e a L i u N Ed B F amb Ca r Da Cl os G S T W G H R

Chapter 3 - The Harbourwatch Program 155 156 Chapter 3 Ð The Harbourwatch Program

Tambourine Bay

The sample site is at the end of Tambourine Bay and adjacent to the public concrete swimming pool. This pool is regularly refilled with river water. The pool is backed by Tambourine Park.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 94 % compliance Enterococci: 94 % compliance

Pollution Sources Stormwater drains discharge alongside the pool. Bathing water quality is likely to be affected by Lane Cove River water quality upstream of Tambourine Bay. A sewer overflow could discharge into the bay during wet weather.

Actions Lane Cove Council carries out water sampling of the swimming area. Lane Cove Council has stencilled gutter stormwater drains and conducts environmental audits of industrial areas in the Lane Cove catchment upstream of Tambourine Bay.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall ) l 10000000 10000000 m 0 0

1 1000000 1000000 / u f c

( 100000 100000

y t i

s 10000 10000 n e d 1000 1000 m r o f i

l 100 100 o c

l 10

a 10 c e

a 1 1 F 0 0 9 9 + .9 .9 0+ 4. 9. 20 (cfu/100ml) density Enterococci 4 2 - - - -19 1 0 1 .0 0. 5. 0. 5.0 - 9.9 10.0-19.9 10 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm) Season Data

100000 Faecal coliforms 10000 Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100 10 1 10000 Enterococci Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100 Bacterial density (cfu/100 mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 6 7 7 7 9 97 9 r 9 9 c p g ct pr 98 Oct 96 A O A De Feb 97 June 97 Au Dec Feb 98 Chapter 3 - The Harbourwatch Program 157 Woodford Bay

The swimming area is a 20 m by 25 m tidal pool that encloses a narrow, sandy beach. The pool is located in the western corner of the bay.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 94 % compliance Enterococci: 94 % compliance

Pollution Sources Stormwater drains discharge in the vicinity of the swimming enclosure. Bathing water quality is likely to be affected by Lane Cove River water quality upstream of Woodford Bay, as well as possible local overflows from sewers associated with the NSOOS into the bay.

Actions Lane Cove Council carries out water sampling of the swimming area. Lane Cove Council has stencilled gutter stormwater drains and conducts environmental audits of industrial areas in the Lane Cove catchment upstream of Woodford Bay.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall 1000000 1000000

100000 100000

10000 10000

1000 1000

100 100

10 10

1 1

0 .9 + 0 .9 .9 0 (cfu/100ml) density Enterococci 0+ 2 4 2 -19 .0-19 .0 0.1 - 4.9 5.0 - 9.9 0.1 - 5.0 - 9.9 10 10 Faecal coliform density (cfu/100ml) density coliform Faecal 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm) Season Data 100000 Faecal coliforms 10000 Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100 10 1 10000 Enterococci Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100

Bacterial density (cfu/100 mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 6 7 7 7 8 96 9 97 97 9 9 r 9 ct c 9 b g ct p O e e Apr ne O A D F Ju Au Dec 97 Feb 98

158 Chapter 3 Ð The Harbourwatch Program

Woolwich Baths

The baths are a 20 m by 30 m netted swimming area with a narrow sandy beach.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 94 % compliance Enterococci: 91 % compliance

Pollution Sources A stormwater drain discharges alongside the swimming enclosure. Bathing water quality is likely to be affected by Lane Cove River water quality upstream of the Woolwich Baths.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall

1000000 1000000

100000 100000

10000 10000

1000 1000

100 100

10 10

1 1

0 9 + 0 .9 9. Enterococcidensity (cfu/100ml) 4 9.9 20+ 20 -1 0-1 0.1 - 4.9 5.0 - 9.9 0. 0.1 - 5.0 - 9.9 0.0 1 1 Faecal coliform density (cfu/100ml) density coliform Faecal 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm)

Season Data

100000 10000 Faecal coliforms Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100 10 1 10000 Enterococci Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100 Bacterial density (cfu/100 mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 6 6 7 7 9 9 97 9 97 98 c 9 r e r ct e b O e Ap n ug Oct 97 Ap D F Ju A Dec 97 Feb 98 Chapter 3 - The Harbourwatch Program 159 Lower Parramatta River Sites: Cabarita Beach, Henley Baths, Dawn Fraser Pool, Greenwich Baths and Darling Harbour

8 Epping ( Sample Site Rd Sewer Overflows 8 Designed Structure Overflow 9 Undirected Overflow LANE COVE Stormwater Drains 8 t Small 8 Burns t Medium Bay Rd t Large # Open Drain

8 RIVERVIEW

8 8

8 LANE COVE RIVER GREENWICH

PARRAMATTA Henley Baths RIVER WOOLWICH ( ( (" Cabarita Beach Greenwich Baths

Victoria COCKATOO Road ISLAND 9

u u u

Dawn Fraser Pool(u 9

HEN AND DRUMMOYNE 9 CHICKEN BAY 9 9 Darling St 9 9 ROZELLE BALMAIN IRON COVE 8 JOHNSTONS 8 9 BAY

Victoria PYRMONT Road

u Darling Harbour ( u

8 N

0 0.5 1

Kilometres

166 Chapter 4 – The Harbourwatch Program The Lower Parramatta River stretches between Gladesville Bridge and Sydney Harbour Bridge. Land use in the catchment of the Lower Parramatta River is mainly residential and commercial. Seven local councils and the Darling Harbour Authority operate in this area.

Site Water Quality

Compliance of Lower Parramatta River Sites See Appendix 1 for explanation of criteria

Faecal coliforms Enterococci

Site Summer 1996-97 Winter 1997 Summer 1997-98 Summer 1996-97 Winter 1997 Summer 1997-98 % % % % % %

Cabarita Beach 100 100 94 77 71 75

Henley Baths 100 100 94 100 95 75

Dawn Fraser Pool 100 100 94 65 86 75

Greenwich Baths 100 100 94 74 78 72

Darling Harbour 74 52 78 58 33 38

Population Distribution of Indicator Bacteria Data See page 7 for explanation of box plot )

L 10000 m

0 0 1 / u

f 1000 c (

y t i s

n 100 e d

m r o f i l 10 o c

l a c e

a 1 F . l l r r t l s s s th h s ol o y y s h s e s u h e o h rk y e th th oo c th o o ve ve a a th c th s th o c v ns o c a a ay a a B a P o o B B a a a a b a o s P e a P B B R B e f P ea B t t P C C e d e B ra r e C iu rd f P e y s n r B g r l k h y y in r B B F B a B ir a B n le n o o id ta s B a s g l r fo h y n h H t S ea y e s o s C r n d r B li n nl u d ic ita le ic S rius t G l a ls d rad b o r o ir a a o o w r w w g s i L n d B e ar ts vi ey g th l a y a M M b o l en a n lin S e i P a a n n r C w lm rt F t o ba H D r ye t fto R e N W D r a o d a o L m W o a ee a a L li s u N E B F a C r D C o G S T W G H R )

L 10000 m

0 0 1 / u

f 1000 c (

y t i s

n 100 e d

i c c o

c 10 o r e t n E 1

. l l r r t l s s s th h s ol o y y s h s e s u h e o h rk y e th th oo c th o o ve ve a a th c th s th o c v P ns o c a a ay R a a B a P o o B B a a a a b a o s e a B B B e f P ea B t t P C C e d e B ra r e C iu rd f P e P y s n r B g r l k h y y B B F B a B ir a B n le n o o id ta s B a s g l rin for h y n h H t S ea y s o s C d n li n nl d ic ta le ic S rius t G l a lse id ra br rd or B ir a a ou o ri w w g s i L n d e ar ts v ey lo a y a M M b lw en a n n S e B i P a a n g rth C w lm rt F t o o ba D rli ye t fto R e N r n o d a o L m W o a H a a L li s W D u a B F a C ree o G S N E T W D H C R G Chapter 3 - The Harbourwatch Program 161 162 Chapter 3 Ð The Harbourwatch Program

Cabarita Beach

This 120 m long narrow beach is located west of Cabarita Point. The beach is backed by a large reserve and picnic area.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 94 % compliance Enterococci: 75 % compliance

Pollution Sources Bathing water quality is likely to be affected by water quality from Hen and Chicken Bay and upper Parramatta River.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall

100000 100000 ) l

10000 m 10000 0 0 1 / u

1000 f 1000 c (

y t i

100 s 100 n e d

i c

10 c 10 o c o r e

1 t 1 n

0 9 9 E 0 9 . .9 .9 0+ 9. 20+ 4. 9 9 2 - 9 - - 0-1 1 0 .0-1 0.1 - 4.9 5.0 0. 0. 5. 0 Faecal coliform density (cfu/100ml) density coliform Faecal 1 1 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm)

Season Data 100000 Faecal coliforms 10000 Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100 10 1 10000 Enterococci Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100

Bacterial density (cfu/100 mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 6 7 7 8 97 97 9 98 9 c 9 r c 9 e p ct e Oct 96 A O Apr D Feb June 97 Aug 97 D Feb Chapter 3 - The Harbourwatch Program 163 Henley Baths

This small, 20 m by 20 m netted swimming enclosure is backed by a small grassy reserve.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 94 % compliance Enterococci: 75 % compliance

Pollution Sources Bathing water quality is likely to be affected by water quality from Hen and Chicken Bay and upper Parramatta River.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall 10000 10000

1000 1000

100 100

10 10

1 1

0 .9 9 (cfu/100ml) density Enterococci 0 .9 9. 20+ 9.9 20+ - 4 - - 9 -1 .1 .0 .1 - 4.9 .0 0 5 0 5 0.0 Faecal coliform density (cfu/100ml) density coliform Faecal 10.0-19.9 1 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm)

Season Data 100000 Faecal coliforms 10000 Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100 10 1 10000 Enterococci Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100 Bacterial density (cfu/100 mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 6 6 7 7 9 9 9 98 c 9 e ct b pr 97 ec 97 pr 98 O e A n Oct 97 A De F Ju Aug 97 D Feb

164 Chapter 3 Ð The Harbourwatch Program

Dawn Fraser Pool

This 60 m by 25 m enclosed tidal swimming area is surrounded by boardwalks and a swimmers’ pavilion. The pool is a famous swimming site classified for its heritage value.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 94 % compliance Enterococci: 75 % compliance

Pollution Sources Stormwater drains discharge alongside the swimming enclosure. Due to the large tidal exchange in the lower Parramatta River, pollution from various sources around the Parramatta and Lane Cove River catchments can affect water quality at this site. For instance, after heavy rainfall, poor quality waters flow out of Hawthorne Canal into Iron Cove Bay, and these waters are transported and dispersed past the monitoring site on the way to the ocean.

Actions The eastern stormwater pipe near the pool has been repaired and this may help divert stormwater away from the pool. The council has installed two GPT 200 m north-east of the pool, which should improve capture of litter. Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall 100000 100000

10000 10000

1000 1000

100 100

10 10

1 1

0 9 + 0 .9 .9 + . Enterococci density (cfu/100ml) 4 9 20 - 4.9 - 9.9 20 - -19.9 -19 0 0 .1 .0 .0 . . 0 5 0.1 - 5 Faecal coliform (cfu/100ml) density 10 10 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm)

Season Data 100000 Faecal coliforms 10000 Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100 10 1 10000 Enterococci Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100

Bacterial density (cfu/100 mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 7 8 96 97 9 97 9 t t 97 r 98 c e c b p O Apr 97 O A Dec 96 Feb Jun Aug 97 Dec Fe

Chapter 3 - The Harbourwatch Program 165 Greenwich Baths

The 40 m long netted swimming area is backed by a small sandy beach.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 94 % compliance Enterococci: 72 % compliance

Pollution Sources Bathing water quality is likely to be affected by water quality from the Lane Cove River and upper Parramatta River.

Actions Lane Cove Council carries out water sampling of the swimming area.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall 100000 100000

10000 10000

1000 1000

100 100

10 10

1 1

0 9 9 0 0+ Enterococcidensity (cfu/100ml) .9 9. 9. 2 20+ - -19 .0 0-1 .0 - 9.9 .0 0.1 - 4.9 5 0. 0.1 - 4.9 5 Faecal coliform density (cfu/100ml) 1 10 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm)

Season Data 100000 Faecal coliforms Summer Season 1997-98 10000 1000 100 10 1 Enterococci 10000 Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100

Bacterial density (cfu/100 mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 9 9 9 97 9 98 ct b pr 9 ct c 9 pr 9 O A ug O A Dec Fe June 97 A De Feb

166 Chapter 3 Ð The Harbourwatch Program

Darling Harbour

The sample site is in the centre of Cockle Bay directly in front of the Harbourside Festival Market Place. The Darling Harbour environs are a popular tourist attraction. The harbour is the site of a number of aquatic events.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 78 % compliance Enterococci: 38 % compliance

Pollution Sources A number of stormwater drains discharge to Darling Harbour. Sewer overflows in the Darling Harbour catchment affect the quality of receiving waters.

Actions The EPA, Sydney Water, Sydney City Council, South Sydney Council, the Darling Harbour Authority, the Waterways Authority and Sydney Ports Authority are addressing possible sources of faecal contamination in Darling Harbour. The action groups have already measurably improved water quality in the area by separating sewage from stormwater before it reaches the receiving waters of Darling Harbour.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall

100000 100000

10000 10000

1000 1000

100 100

10 10

1 1

0 9 9 0 9 9 + . 0+ (cfu/100ml) density Enterococci . 0 9 2 4 9.9 2 - - -19. .0 .1 .0 - 0 0.1 - 4.9 5 0 5 Faecal coliform density (cfu/100ml) density coliform Faecal 10.0-19. 10. 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm) Season Data 100000 Faecal coliforms Summer Season 1997-98 10000 1000 100 10 1 10000 Enterococci Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100

Bacterial density (cfu/100 mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 6 6 7 8 9 9 9 97 98 9 ct g 97 ct O Apr u O Apr Dec Feb 97 June 97 A Dec 97 Feb Chapter 3 - The Harbourwatch Program 167 Port Jackson Sites: Hayes Street Beach, Little Sirius Cove, Little Sirius Point, Clifton Gardens, Redleaf Pool, Watsons Bay, Parsley Bay, Nielsen Park, Rose Bay Beach

NORTH HARBOUR

8 8 MIDDLE HARBOUR 9 NORTH HEAD

9 9 99 SOUTH HEAD

MOSMAN 9 NORTH SYDNEY Little Sirius " (u Cove u (u Clifton Gardens (u u ( 9 uHayes St uu Little Sirius u Beach Watsons Bay ( Point uu

u Parsleyu Bay Nielsen Park ( ( Sydney " Harbour Bridge Sydney Harbour VAUCLUSE Tunnel PORT JACKSON

SYDNEY CBD u u

Rose Bay u

Redleaf Beach u

u u

Pool (u 9 ( u u Military Rd

New South Head Rd

( Sample Site WOOLLAHRA Sewer Overflows 8 Designed Structure Overflow 9 Undirected Overflow BONDI Stormwater Drains 8 t Small N 0 0.5 1 t Medium t Large Kilometers # Open Drain

174 Chapter 4 – The Harbourwatch Program

Port Jackson stretches east of the Sydney Harbour Bridge to the Heads. Land use in the Port Jackson catchment is mainly residential, commercial, recreational and bushland (including Sydney Harbour National Park). Four local councils operate in this area. Site Water Quality

Compliance of Port Jackson Sites See Appendix 1 for explanation of criteria

Faecal coliforms Enterococci

Site Summer 1996-97 Winter 1997 Summer 1997-98 Summer 1996-97 Winter 1997 Summer 1997-98 % % % % % %

Hayes Street Beach 100 100 94 77 57 53

Little Sirius Cove 100 100 94 71 43 53

Little Sirius Point 100 81 81 74 29 31

Clifton Gardens 100 100 100 94 81 66

Redleaf Pool 100 100 100 94 38 91

Rose Bay Beach 100 100 100 87 76 47

Nielsen Park 100 100 100 100 86 66

Parsley Bay 100 100 100 74 62 69

Watsons Bay 100 100 100 74 81 66

Population Distribution of Indicator Bacteria Data See page 7 for explanation of box plot

10000

1000

100

10

Faecal coliformdensity (cfu/100 mL) 1

. l l l r r t l s th h s e e y y s s u h e o k y es ths th oo th oo oo v a a h ch hs se v P o ch ar a ay a a P ac ov o B B at a at ath bo ac o s ens a B B R e B f e Ba P P C C e ra B r e C iu rd f P e P y r B B r B kt ht y ne rd B B B B s r a a B n ns on o dg s al s g l ly ri fo y n F h Ha t Si e sle s ri nta li n ich ta le ic S riu t G le ay ls so id y C rad rd or B ir an ou od ri n w s i L B e ar thb lo a m ty M Ma b o lw a nw ng S ed i P at av ne ng C r Fa t o ba He D rli ton R e N W D a or dw al L W o a ee a aye Lt if ur N E B Fo am C r D Cl os G S T W G H R

10000

1000

100

10 Enterococci density (cfu/100 mL) (cfu/100 density Enterococci 1

. l l l r r t l s s th o h s o y y s s u h o k y e ths th o th o oo ve ve a a h ch hs se c ve P ns o ch ar a ay a a ac P o B B at at a ath bo s e B B R e B P e Ba t P C Co e ea r B r ea Co rd f P ea P y s n r B B rf B k ht y rd B B B B s riu a a B n o o dg s al s g ly rin o n F h Ha t Si en sle C ri nta B li nl u ich ta ey ic S iu t G le ay ls r so ds y rad o rd or ir an a o odf ri nl w s ir L n d B a vi thb l a m M M b lw e aw n ng S e ie P at a ne ng C rty Fa o ba H D rli ye fto R e N W D a or dw al Lt Wo o a ee a a Lt li ur N E B Fo am C r D C os G S T W G H R

Chapter 3 - The Harbourwatch Program 169 170 Chapter 3 Ð The Harbourwatch Program

Hayes Street Beach, Neutral Bay

This 100 m long beach is situated east of the Hayes Street ferry wharf in Neutral Bay. The swimming area is not enclosed by netting.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 94 % compliance Enterococci: 53 % compliance

Pollution Sources Stormwater drains discharge in the vicinity of the swimming area. Sewer overflows discharge into drains that flow into Neutral Bay.

Actions North Sydney Council carries out water sampling of the beach. A litter control device is situated at the bottom of Hayes Street.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall

1000000 1000000

100000 100000

10000 10000

1000 1000

100 100

10 10

1 1

0 9 + 0 .9 9. Enterococcidensity (cfu/100ml) 20+ 20 -19 0-1 .0 - 9.9 .0 0.1 - 4.9 5.0 - 9.9 0. 0.1 - 4.9 5 1 10 Faecal coliform density (cfu/100ml) density coliform Faecal 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm) Season Data 100000 Summer Season 1997-98 10000 Faecal coliforms 1000 100 10 1 10000 Enterococci Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100

Bacterial density (cfu/100 mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 6 7 7 7 7 8 96 9 9 9 ct c 9 r e c 9 O eb 97 Ap Oct 9 eb 98 Apr De F Jun Aug 97 De F Chapter 3 - The Harbourwatch Program 171 Little Sirius Cove

The sample site is located adjacent to Taronga Zoo's wastewater discharge point. This is approximately 10 m offshore, midway along the eastern shoreline of Little Sirius Cove.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 94 % compliance Enterococci: 53 % compliance

Pollution sources The major source of pollution at this site is effluent from Taronga Zoo wastewater treatment plant. Stormwater drains discharge to Little Sirius Cove.

Action A wastewater re-use plant was installed at the Zoo, and started operating in November 1996. Mosman Council is developing and implementing stormwater management plans.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall 100000 100000

10000 10000

1000 1000

100 100

10 10

1 1

0 9 9 0 9. 9. 0+ Enterococcidensity (cfu/100ml) 9.9 - 2 20+ .0 0-1 0-1 0.1 - 4.9 5 0. 0.1 - 4.9 5.0 - 9.9 0. Faecal coliform density (cfu/100ml) 1 1 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm) Season Data 100000 Summer Season 1997-98 10000 Faecal coliforms 1000 100 10 1 10000 Enterococci Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100 Bacterial density (cfu/100 mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 6 7 7 9 96 97 9 9 97 ct c r e g O Ap n Oct Apr 98 De Feb 97 Ju Au Dec 97 Feb 98 172 Chapter 3 Ð The Harbourwatch Program

Little Sirius Point

The beach is 100 m long. It is situated at the northern end of Little Sirius Cove, below Sirius Cove Reserve. The swimming area is not netted.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 81 % compliance Enterococci: 31 % compliance

Pollution Sources Stormwater drains discharge within the vicinity of the swimming area. A sewer overflow from the Mosman Slopes Submain, sewer overflows into the stormwater drain that discharges to the eastern end of the beach. Taronga Zoo outfall discharges wastewater into Little Sirius Cove.

Actions A wastewater re-use plant was installed at the Zoo, and started operating in November 1996. Mosman Council is developing and implementing stormwater management plans.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall

100000 100000

10000 10000

1000 1000

100 100

10 10

1 1

0 9 9 0 0+ Enterococcidensity (cfu/100ml) .9 9. 9. 2 20+ - -19 .0 0-1 .0 - 9.9 .0 0.1 - 4.9 5 0. 0.1 - 4.9 5 Faecal coliform density (cfu/100ml) 1 10 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm)

Season Data

100000 Summer Season 1997-98 10000 Faecal coliforms

1000

100

10

1

10000 Enterococci Summer Season 1997-98

1000

100

mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10

1 6 7 8 9 97 97 97 9 c 9 b r e c b Oct 96 Ap n Oct 97 Apr 98 De Fe Ju Aug 97 De Fe

Chapter 3 - The Harbourwatch Program 173 Clifton Gardens

An 80 m by 50 m netted swimming enclosure is located at the western end of the 250 m long beach. The northeastern side of the enclosure is a wharf. The beach is backed by a large park and picnic area.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 100 % compliance Enterococci: 66 % compliance

Pollution Sources Stormwater drains discharge in the vicinity of the swimming area. A small creek at the northern end of the beach discharges during wet weather.

Actions Mosman Council is developing and implementing stormwater management plans. Permanent signs are erected advising bathers that the water is unsuitable for at least 3 days after heavy rain.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall

100000 100000

10000 10000

1000 1000

100 100

10 10

1 1

0 9 9 0 0+ Enterococcidensity (cfu/100ml) .9 9. 9. 2 20+ - -19 .0 0-1 .0 - 9.9 .0 0.1 - 4.9 5 0. 0.1 - 4.9 5 Faecal coliform density (cfu/100ml) 1 10 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm) Season Data 100000 Faecal coliforms 10000 Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100 10 1 Enterococci 10000 Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100

Bacterial density (cfu/100 mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 r g c 9 b ct u ct e O Ap une 97 O Apr Dec 9 Feb 97 J A D Fe 174 Chapter 3 Ð The Harbourwatch Program

Redleaf Pool

This 25 m by 50 m netted swimming enclosure is bordered on three sides by a narrow sun deck. The swimming enclosure is backed by small grassy area.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 100 % compliance Enterococci: 91 % compliance

Pollution Sources Stormwater drains discharge to Double Bay in the vicinity of the swimming area. A sewer overflow point adjacent to the stormwater canal near Sherbrook Avenue might operate during wet weather.

Actions Woollahra Council has applied for Stormwater Trust Grant to assist in the installation and monitoring of a stormwater pit device which collects solids and oils from stormwater runoff.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall

10000 10000

1000 1000

100 100

10 10

1 1

0 .9 9 (cfu/100ml) density Enterococci 0 .9 9. 20+ 9.9 20+ - 4 - - 9 -1 .1 .0 .1 - 4.9 .0 0 5 0 5 0.0 Faecal coliform density (cfu/100ml) density coliform Faecal 10.0-19.9 1 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm) Season Data 100000 Faecal coliforms 10000 Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100

10

1 Enterococci 10000 Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100 mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 6 7 7 7 8 9 97 9 97 9 9 98 c 96 b g r ct e e ne ct p O D F Apr 97 Au O Dec 9 Feb A Ju Chapter 3 - The Harbourwatch Program 175 Rose Bay Beach

This is a 500 m long narrow beach. The swimming area is not enclosed by netting.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 100 % compliance Enterococci: 47 % compliance

Pollution Sources Stormwater drains discharge in the vicinity of the swimming area.

Actions Woollahra Council has constructed two gross pollutant traps on drains flowing to Rose Bay to decrease stormwater litter entering the bay. Woollahra Council has applied for Stormwater Trust Grant to assist in the installation and monitoring of a stormwater pit device which collects solids and oils from stormwater runoff.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall

10000 10000

1000 1000

100 100

10 10

1 1

0 .9 9 (cfu/100ml) density Enterococci 0 .9 9 9. 20+ 9. 20+ - 4 - - 9 .1 .0 0-1 0 5 0.1 - 4.9 5.0 0. Faecal coliform density (cfu/100ml) density coliform Faecal 10.0-19.9 1 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm)

Season Data

100000 Faecal coliforms 10000 Summer Season 1997-98

1000

100

10

1

10000 Enterococci Summer Season 1997-98 1000

100

Bacterial density (cfu/100 mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 6 7 9 97 9 97 98 b r 97 e r 98 ec p n ug Oct 96 A u Oct 97 Ap D Fe J A Dec 97 Feb

176 Chapter 3 Ð The Harbourwatch Program

Nielsen Park

The swimming area is approximately 150 m long and enclosed by netting. It is backed by a narrow beach and a large park and picnic area. Nielsen Park is part of Sydney Harbour National Park.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 100 % compliance Enterococci: 66 % compliance

Pollution Sources A stormwater drain discharges to the eastern end of the beach.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall 10000 10000 ) l m

1000 0 1000 0

1 / u f c

(

100 y 100 t i

s n e d

10 i 10 c c o

c o r e

1 t 1

n

0 9 + E 0 .9 . .9 .9 0+ 4 20 4 2 - - 9 - -19 1 .0 1 .0

Faecal coliform density (cfu/100ml) density coliform Faecal 0. 5 0. 5.0 - 9.9 10.0-19.9 10 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm)

Season Data

100000

10000 Faecal coliforms Summer Season 1997-98

1000

100

10 1 Enterococci 10000 Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100

mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 6 7 7 7 8 8 9 96 9 97 9 97 9 c b r e c 9 b ct n O De Fe Ap Aug 97 Oct De Fe Apr 9 Ju

Chapter 3 - The Harbourwatch Program 177 Parsley Bay

The southern end of the bay is netted to provide a large swimming area. The swimming area is backed by Parsley Bay Park.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 100 % compliance Enterococci: 69 % compliance

Pollution Sources A stormwater drain discharges to the western side of the bay. A sewer overflow point is located along the drain flowing into the western side of Parsley Bay, but no details are available on its exact location (this overflow is part of the Diamond Head - Vaucluse sewerage system).

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall 10000 10000

1000 1000

100 100

10 10

1 1

0 .9 9 9 (cfu/100ml) density Enterococci 0 .9 9 9. 20+ 9. 20+ - 4 - -19. - 9 0 0 0-1 0.1 5. 0.1 - 4.9 5.0 0. Faecal coliform density (cfu/100ml) density coliform Faecal 10. 1 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm)

Season Data

100000 Summer Season 1997-98 10000 Faecal coliforms

1000

100

10

1

10000 Enterococci Summer Season 1997-98 1000

100 mL) (cfu/100 density Bacterial 10 1 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 9 9 9 97 9 98 ct b pr 9 ct c 9 pr 9 O A ug O A Dec Fe June 97 A De Feb

178 Chapter 3 Ð The Harbourwatch Program

Watsons Bay

This 20 m by 40 m enclosed tidal swimming area adjoins a narrow sandy beach.

Water Quality (see Appendix 1) Faecal coliforms: 100 % compliance Enterococci: 66 % compliance

Pollution Sources Stormwater drains discharge into the bay.

Actions A GPT will be trialled and Woollahra Council has applied for Stormwater Trust Grant to assist in the installation and monitoring of a stormwater pit device which collects solids and oils from stormwater runoff.

Response to Rainfall Response to Rainfall

10000 10000

1000 1000

100 100

10 10

1 1

0 .9 9 (cfu/100ml) density Enterococci 0 .9 9 9. 20+ 9. 20+ - 4 - - 9 .1 .0 0-1 0 5 0.1 - 4.9 5.0 0. (cfu/100ml) density coliform Faecal 10.0-19.9 1 24hr Rainfall (mm) 24hr Rainfall (mm) Season Data 100000 10000 Faecal coliforms Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100 10 1 Enterococci 10000 Summer Season 1997-98 1000 100

Bacterial density (cfu/100 mL) 10 1 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 98 9 ct c 96 b 97 e ct c b r O e Apr O e Ap De F Jun Aug De F

Chapter 3 - The Harbourwatch Program 179 North Harbour Sites: Forty Baskets Beach, Fairlight Beach, Manly Cove and Little Manly Cove

FAIRLIGHT

Sydney Rd

MANLY t ( t t Manly Coveu ( u Darley Fairlight Beach Rd u t 88 ( Forty Baskets Pool t t !

u( SYDNEY Little HARBOUR Manly Cove NATIONAL PARK

NORTH

HARBOUR DOBROYD HEAD

SYDNEY HARBOUR ( Sample Site NATIONAL PARK Sewer Overflows CANNAE 8 Designed Structure Overflow POINT 9 Undirected Overflow Stormwater Drains t Small t Medium t Large ! Open Drain N

0 0.25 0.5 Kilometres

PORT JACKSON

154 Chapter 4 – The Harbourwatch Program Lower Lane Cove River Sites: Tambourine Bay, Woodford Bay and Woolwich Baths

( Sample Site Sewer Overflows LANE COVE 8 Designed Structure Overflow NATIONAL PARK 9 Undirected Overflow Stormwater Drains t Small t Medium t Large N # Open Drain

0 0.35 0.7 Pacific

Mowbray Rd Kilometres Highway

8 Epping Rd

M2 Motorway LANE COVE 8

Burns Bay Rd

8 RIVERVIEW

BURNS BAY !u" (Tambourine Bay

LONGUEVILLE tt( Woodford Bay

HUNTERS HILL LANE COVE RIVER

Woolwich Baths t( PARRAMATTA RIVER WOOLWICH

Victoria Road COCKATOO ISLAND 9

160 Chapter 4 – The Harbourwatch Program Lower Parramatta River Sites: Cabarita Beach, Henley Baths, Dawn Fraser Pool, Greenwich Baths and Darling Harbour

8 Epping ( Sample Site Rd Sewer Overflows 8 Designed Structure Overflow 9 Undirected Overflow LANE COVE Stormwater Drains 8 t Small 8 Burns t Medium Bay Rd t Large " Open Drain

8 RIVERVIEW

8 8

8 LANE COVE RIVER GREENWICH

PARRAMATTA Henley Baths RIVER WOOLWICH ( ( (! Cabarita Beach Greenwich Baths

Victoria COCKATOO Road ISLAND 9

u u u

Dawn Fraser Pool(u 9

HEN AND DRUMMOYNE 9 CHICKEN BAY 9 9 Darling St 9 9 ROZELLE BALMAIN IRON COVE 8 JOHNSTONS 8 9 BAY

Victoria PYRMONT Road

u Darling Harbour ( u

8 N

0 0.5 1

Kilometres

166 Chapter 4 – The Harbourwatch Program Port Jackson Sites: Hayes Street Beach, Little Sirius Cove, Little Sirius Point, Clifton Gardens, Redleaf Pool, Watsons Bay, Parsley Bay, Nielsen Park, Rose Bay Beach

NORTH HARBOUR

8 8 MIDDLE HARBOUR 9 NORTH HEAD

9 9 99 SOUTH HEAD

MOSMAN 9 NORTH SYDNEY Little Sirius ! (u Cove u (u Clifton Gardens (u u ( 9 uHayes St uu Little Sirius u Beach Watsons Bay ( Point uu

u Parsleyu Bay Nielsen Park ( ( Sydney ! Harbour Bridge Sydney Harbour VAUCLUSE Tunnel PORT JACKSON

SYDNEY CBD u u

Rose Bay u

Redleaf Beach u

u u

Pool (u 9 ( u u Military Rd

New South Head Rd

( Sample Site WOOLLAHRA Sewer Overflows 8 Designed Structure Overflow 9 Undirected Overflow BONDI Stormwater Drains 8 t Small N 0 0.5 1 t Medium t Large Kilometers " Open Drain

174 Chapter 4 – The Harbourwatch Program