30 Years of the Janet Network JANET NEWS | 30 YEARS the Rise of the Janet Network

1984-2014 30 years of the Janet network JANET NEWS | 30 YEARS The rise of the Janet network

Back in the late 1980s and early 1990s, it was hard to imagine where technology would The network used to be take us into the 2000s and beyond. At a time something people thought when the Internet was emerging to scoffs they’d like to be involved in – of ‘it’ll never catch on,’ the world was a very now it’s absolutely critical! different place.

Those working to establish the Janet network saw the John Seymour, possibilities; they knew the way technology was developing Head of Network Operations, Janet and now, looking back, are extremely proud to have been part of its evolution.

When the Janet network went live on 1 April 1984, the Building relationships connections were 64kbit/s, now there are 100Gbit/s As Head of Customer Engagement and Support, and 200Gbit/s links, with talks of going to 400Gbit/s. An Shirley Wood describes her years at Janet as ‘exhilarating unbelievable leap in such a short timeframe. So how exactly and challenging.’ did we get from the first versions of JANET and SuperJANET to Janet6, and where will we go next? Back in 1986, when Shirley joined, it was a very small community of around 55 universities and 20 research Growing demands council sites. Shirley comments, ‘it’s taken a lot of time to build up relationships and contacts, but people now Head of Network Operations, John Seymour, has seen the know who to talk to when they have a query or need changes over all eight versions of Janet. ‘In the early days help in achieving their goals. My objective is to know we couldn’t have imagined speeds like we’re seeing now,’ what the customer wants before they know they need it. he says. ‘Technology has come on so much. Expectations By constantly looking at how we can deliver the best for have increased dramatically and with bigger networks research, FE and HE, we’re developing the young people of people can do so much more. Traffic is doubling every 18 the future.’ months to two years – what will it be like in another ten?’ The next leap will be Tbit/s Ethernet, and it won’t stop there.’

To keep pace with customer requirements, the company has grown from an original core of just 30 people to over 150. ‘This growth has meant we have been able to develop strong processes and procedures and more importantly raise our levels of customer service,’ says John. ‘We used to be just buried in technology and were doing it ‘because we could’; now we’re focused on providing a service for our customers. The network used to be something people thought they’d like to be involved in – now it’s absolutely critical!’

2 SPECIAL EDITION

UK-US 1.5Mbps Fat-Pipe Connectivity

UK NSI NSI GSFC Sprint T1 1.5 Mbps Carrier Proteon Proteon DC TAT 9 Facility Oxford RAL NSI Mux POP University Proteon (DCS) TRANSATLANTIC MCL Conn. Ave. CIRCUIT 128 Kbps 64 Kbps T1 1.5 Mbps EBS UK Cisco Carrier T1 Stockholm MCL 256 Kbps Government’s Mux 512 Kbps Mux NOC T3 Sprint EBS DC NSI T1 Mux ULCC Cisco TCO Proteon Vermont Ave. Amsterdam UCL CYLINK EBS T/20 Cisco 448 Kbps 256 Kbps TWB EBONE T/20 128 Kbps Mux DRA EBS CYLINK SURA T/20 Cisco 256 Kbps CERN JANET NSI TWB Other Cisco Proteon T/20 256 Kbps JIPS EBS JANET INT Cisco Cisco NSF France FIX-E College Park NSS

EuropaNet

NSFNET RCCN ARIADNE RedIRIS RIPE DFN Belgium Portugal Greece Spain Amsterdam Germany

Natural progression Being involved through all the versions of Janet, Sue Weston, Head of Procurement, has seen the evolution of the network JANET MK II Aberdeen Stirling and the way technology has come on. ‘What I do has an 2 Mbit/s in service Dundee 2 Mbit/s planned impact on most of the business, so I get a good insight into Strathclyde < 2Mbit/s in service how the technology has developed to meet customer needs. St Andrews JANET NOC Edinburgh We know that it’s essential to provide a seamless service that Glasgow Heriot Watt works for all of our customers and pride ourselves on being Ulster Belfast critical within the research and education community. Now our customers tell us that Janet is ‘just there’, that it ‘just Newcastle Lancaster works’ and that they can’t do without it.’ Durham Salford York Bangor One step ahead Leeds Bradford Liverpool Daresbury Manchester As Janet grew in the late 1990s, with the introduction of Hull FE and the interest from schools, regionalisation changed Keele Sheffield its infrastructure. Jeremy Sharp, Head of Strategic Aston Nottingham Birmingham East Anglia Technologies, joined in 1994 and believes that the political Aberystwyth Loughborough Warwick Cambridge changes that affected Janet contributed to its growth. Leicester Oxford

Rutherford Reading Essex Bristol Brunel Swansea QMW Now Janet is ‘just there’… Cardiff Bath ULCC City it ‘just works’ and people RHBNC Bloomsbury Surrey LSE Kings Imperial Southampton Kent can’t do without it Exeter Sussex Sue Weston, State of the 2Mbit/s Connections to JANET at March 1992 Head of Procurement, Janet

3 JANET NEWS | 30 YEARS

It broadened our Average JANET X.25 traffic per working day scope and allowed 80000 70000 User Traffic us to serve the 60000 Switched Traffic wider education 50000 40000 community in 30000 addition to HE Megabytes/day 20000 10000 and research 0

Jeremy Sharp, 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 Head of Strategic Technologies, Janet

‘It broadened our scope and allowed us to serve the wider technology then available as quite primitive, Janet was education community in addition to HE and research’, he says. much envied in other countries and the network team was a team to be proud of.’ Janet played a really important part in leading developments in computer networking in the early days. It’s ‘The changes since those days have been vast. Janet now a very mature and fast-moving area, so it’s crucial to always was cutting edge, and I get the impression from still be ahead of the game. Janet6 is a great example of this. afar that it has fully kept pace. It has done a particularly good job in implementing continual technical advances ‘Over the years there’s been a real pioneering spirit, with the while at the same time maintaining day-to-day services, success of SuperJANET really moving us on’, says Jeremy. tailor-made for the research and education community,’ ‘Working in this environment you never stay still for long. I says Alistair. ‘Also, Janet engineers have managed to always had an eye on technology development, from the provide secure access to a huge variety of people and 1990s, but it’s still hard to grasp where we are today.’ organisations. The combination of this special provision, together with seamless interworking with public and Keeping pace commercial service, has been fundamental to the Professor Alistair Chalmers, first Chairman of the Advisory network’s success.’ Committee on Networking, was involved with the creation of Jisc in 1990. He says, ‘My perception of Janet was For the better extremely positive at that time and over the years has only Janet has also been heavily involved in influencing and become more so. Though some might now look upon the improving UK law from 1984, when it was blithely assumed that real-world legislation would simply transfer to networks, to 2014 when more than a dozen laws make special provision for them.

Janet has done what it can to ensure the effects are positive – improving network safety and security and recognising that not all networks and users are the same. As a result, newer laws clearly define illegal content and don’t place operators who find it on their networks and systems in an impossible position.

Nowadays those developing law and policy often seek Janet’s input, recognising our understanding of the technical and operational implications of online law. Working closely with customers lets us explain the implications for both backbone and organisational networks. Together, we are making the law better.

J a n e t 6 F i b r I f s u c H E A n e t C a r d i f U n N A P 2 7 N A P 3 7 N P 1 9 0 R D P a r k l c e C F 1 0 3 B N e w p o r t I L A 1 H E A n e t D u b l i n S u r f IDN113076F S o u t h 26km / 7dB I D N 1 3 0 7 5 F I D N 1 3 0 8 F 7 2 k m / 1 9 d B 3 6 k m / 1 2 d B P S B A

NIRAN Q U B A d m i n B T B T 3 5 6 D N B r i d g w a t e C a r d i f U n N A P N A P N A P Q U B N e w C F 2 4 0 T A B e a u m o n t T r e v i t h c k A v o n b a k E x e t r L y t h a m S B T B T B S T A E X S h o r e R d U n i o f F Y P A 4 8 Y T I L A 2 8 I L A 1 2 I L A 1 9 I L A 2 0 I L A 2 1 I L A 2 I L A 2 3 R e n f r w L i b r a y N e w r y D u b l i n B e l f a s t A n e s S u r f S u r f 1 5 3 V M V M V M V M V M 2 3 0 T B 7 1 7 1 8 5 A G 4 Q E IDN113592F 7 0 H Z IDN113079F IDN113080F IDN113082F IDN113083F IDN113084F IDN113085F N N P W 85km / 20dB 2 8 238km/48dB 120km/30dB 101km/23dB 2 1 0.4km / 1dB 2 11km / 3dB 203km/44dB

I D N I D N I D N 8 5 k m / 2 1 d B 9 k m / 2 3 d B 0

1 0 2

1 0 9 k m

IDN I D N N D E x e t r I m k

k m 72

1 3 5 9 F 1 3 0 7 F 1 3 0 7 8 F

6 113591F / 8 0 3 1

km 1 1 3 0 7 4 F

B / 4 d B d

/ 19 / F

dB 2 4 d B 6 N e i l S h w r y V e r s i o n 3 . 1 T e l c i t y E a s y n e t C h e d l t o n M a n c h e s t r E X 1 3 P B N A P 2 9 W R M e t O f i c D G 1 0 9 S B S E r d i n g t o J P O F K 1 5 9 L S T 1 3 7 E F B S C A 4 8 E B I L A P R M E v e s h a m G 4 9 X G l a s g o w L A P r e s t o n C a r l i s e S R F B r a d l e y S E T S E T S E T S E T S E T 7 . 1 0 2 3 B I L A I L A I L A I L A K e n d a l T X 5 T X 4 B r i s t o l G e o G e o G e o G e o M o f a t U n i o f B r a c o S t o k e 3 2 4 E U 1 5 6 S E C 1 C 2 C 3 7 5 P 8 1 U D 3 5 L H 9 6 IDN113073F 1 X J IDN112998F IDN112999F IDN113000F IDN113001F IDN113002F IDN113003F IDN113004F IDN113005F IDN113031F 1 0 7 5 1 2 P E 3 IDN112997F 89km / 19dB S o u t h W e s R g i n

41km / 11dB 64km / 14dB 113km / 24dB 71km / 16dB 5 95km / 20dB 70km / 14dB 78km / 16dB 90km / 19dB 104km/22dB 86km / 20dB

m k 5

N D IDN I I D N I D N I D N I D N I D N I D N I D N

9 0 k m / 2 8 d B 9 5 k m / 2 0 d B 8 5 k m / 1 9 d B IDN 5 3 k m / 1 2 d B 8 2 k m / d B

1 3 k m / d B

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F 9 2 0 3 1 17 11304 1.4km 113023F 1 km 1 3 5 9 4 F 1 3 0 7 2 F 1 2 9 6 F 1 3 0 9 F 1 3 0 2 6 F 1 3 0 2 7 F 1 3 0 2 F / 9F / 2dB 7dB C A N L M O X O X H i b e r n a B i r m n g h a G l a s g o w U n i M a n c h e s t r N A P N A P N A P T A N A P 3 1 b M a r t o c k N A P 3 1 a B S G 1 2 8 Q L A 1 4 W J a m e s W t S o u t h p r D 2 1 T Y P R M C A 3 9 Y L a n c s t e r N A P N A P N A P R A L R A L I L A 2 9 F r o x f i e l d B C u m b r i a S N D u n d e S E T S E T I L A 3 T X 7 T X 3 U n i o f 1 5 2 T 1 5 R N U n i o f U n i o f U W E 1 6 Q Y V M 1 2 6 1 0 Q X 1 0 Q X 8 4 H Q U n i IDN113071F 8 3 J U IDN113070F IDN113069F IDN113024F 3 0 3 2 3 8 9 2 6 H B

97km / 22dB 85km / 19dB 0.4km / 1dB 87km / 24dB 3 4 5

N D I

7 9 5 3 1 1

N D I C l y d e N E T 4 I D N I D N 9 I D N

4 2 k m 5 1 k m 8 1 k m N e t w o r k N e t w o r k

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1 km

/ k / / 5 6 F

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/ / 11

/ m k 0 2

B d

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B d V i r g n T e l h o u s U n i v e r s t y S E R e a d i n g U n i C e t r a l G l a s g o w U n i N A P 3 2 N A P 3 4 N A P 2 4 A B 3 9 2 X S P B A 1 2 6 L G 1 2 8 Q R G R G C V W a r w i c k N A P P R I L A 3 0 I L A 1 3 I L A 1 6 A n d o v e r B o y d O r D a i s y R e a d i n g S E T S E T I L A 4 M e r F i d e s U n i o f 1 0 3 R W L a n c s V M V M E S B S u r f 2 0 Q X 1 2 H E 6 1 A D IDN113596F 4 7 I D N E Z I D N 6 66km / 19dB M e d i a

1 3 0 2 F

5 SPECIAL EDITION

m k m k 9 5 I D N

D I 4 3 k m / 1 7 d B

I D N I D N 7 k m / 7 k m /

N D I

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1 3 0 6 F 1 2 9 4 F I F 5 6 0 3 1 1 B d

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d 1 5 d B 1 6 d B 6 0 3 1 1 I D N

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IDN 5 k m / 2 d B 9 6 k m 21km

1 3 0 8 F 113090 1 3 0 8 9 F 1 3 0 5 F P o s t c d e P o s t c d e L o c a t i n L o c a t i n H o s t H o s t / / 2 1 d B R e f 10dB R e f F L o n d R e g i F r a n c i s C k T x C o r e T e l c i t y H a r b o u E x A b e r d n U i F r a n c i s C k N A P N A P A B 2 5 Z D N W 1 2 B D S W 7 2 B X B r a c e w l J P O 3 F o r e s t h i l N A P E 1 4 9 I m p e r i a l L S S R F S E T T X U n i o f L e d s 2 3 1 N J IDN113043F 2 9 J T G E 6 2 0 3 5 6 B E 71km / 17dB 2 Janet6 network I D N 1 3 0 6 1 2 4 k m / I D N I D N I D N Y H M A N P o s t c d e 1 . P o s t c d e L o c a t i n 1 4 k m L o c a t i n 3 k m H o s t 5 k m / 2 d B R e f R e f 1 3 0 7 F 1 3 0 8 F 1 3 0 4 F / / 3 4 d B 3 d B I D N 4 d B R e g i o n a l I L A F 1 3 0 2 F 6 8 k m / 5 d B N o r M A E a s t R N N o r t h u m b i a T e l h o u s D u n d e U i D 1 4 H W W C G r e n w i c h C a m b r i d g e N A P 1 5 N A P 1 9 N A P 3 6 N A P 2 5 N A P 2 6 N A P 1 3 N e w c a s t l L e d s M t T e l h o u s T e l h o u s P a r k l c e N E J P O N E C B M E L e i c s t r N A P 8 N A P 7 E 1 4 2 A L E 1 2 A L S I L A U L C N o r t h N o r t h U n i o f U n i o f B T U n i U n i 1 B 7 X A 1 7 R U 1 3 E S U n i 3 0 4 T B IDN113060F F i f e & 5 D N F D 9 96km / 22dB 1

1 0 k m

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3 I D N 7 I D N I D N I D N 8 4 k m / 2 0 d B

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d 1 d B 1 0 d B 1 d B SSET

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B d

7 PoPs Regions Amplification Ref Ref

4 Fibre Regions 7 8

d B 0 Standard F Location Location

F Janet6 Fibre Infrastructure Virgin Media Postcode Core Postcode ILA N o r t h a l e n S c o l a t e U n i o f K e t T e l h o u s D u n d e U i N E N A P N A P M E N e w c a s t l T e l h o u s M a i d s t o n e P ’ b o r u g h E H E d i n b u r g h L S N G L o w d h a m S p r i n g f e l d J P O 2 J P O 7 J P O 6 D L 7 0 P Q C T 2 7 N F SSET N E O x s p r i n g

P E 2 6 Y N SSET E 1 4 2 A I L A 1 7 I L A 1 8 S G S 3 6 8

SSET D 1 4 J E D u x f o r d M i l f e d S E T S E T S E T S E T K P N I L A 8 I L A 6 Ref Ref T X 8 T X 2 T X 1 G e o G e o G e o Ref Ref Ref Ref

L e d s Host Host W e s t 1 0 J W 7 1 6 H D C 5 a q l 1 5 9 Y R 1 2 9 L B 2 1 6 J S 8 7 P R 7 E X StanSdtaarnddard IDN113061F IDN113062F IDN113016F IDN113015F IDN113012F IDN113011F IDN113009F IDN113008F LocaLItDoiocNnat1io1Ln3o0ca0t7ioFn LocatLioncaIDtioNLno1c1at3io0n38F Regional Network Standard Y D

1 6 IDN113010F 84km / 18dB 1 4 The evolution of the Janet network55km / 11dB 85km / 21dB 88km / 20dB 99km / 20dB JJaanJnae1en00tktme6/621t d BF6Fi ibFbrirber5 9kIeImn / 13IfdBrnafrsatrsutrcutuctruere V9V0irkgimri g/n V1in8MidrBMgeidenidaMiaedia 89km / 18dB PostPc1o2dst3eckomdPeo/C2st6codoCBdreeo reC oProsetc Poodsetc1o0dP5eokIsLmtcA/o2dI6eLdAB ILA Telehouse

HostHost Host HostHost Host CPL RAMAN

9 4 I D N I D N I D N I D N 8 0 k m 9 k m

3 2 k m Telehouse 1 0 k m m k TeleTheoluesheouse N D

I Strategic Research U CnPLiv RCeAPrML sC ARiPtNAyL M RAANM AN O t h e r 5 1

/ 7.10.2013

1 3 0 5 F 1 3 0 5 2 F 1 3 0 4 F 1 3 0 9 F Ref

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Ref R e g i o n s

P o s Ref Ref Location

P o s P o s F LocaLtoiocnatioLnocation Postcode Tx Regional Location R e g i o n s R e g i o n s LocatioLnocation R e g i o n s PostPcodstecodPeoTstxcoTdex Tx RegRioengaiRol engailonal ESB Postcode

ESB R e g i o n a l N t w r k Postcode S t r a e g i c R s h ESBESB E a S t M A N PostcodPeostcode Host R e g i o n a l N t w r k S t r a e g i c R s h E M A N Neil Shewry R e g i o n a l N t w r k R e g i o n a l N t w r k

OtheS t r a e g i c R s h r NeNill eSihl eSwherrywy ry HostHost Host S t r a e g i c R s h MPB RAMAN MPB RAMAN H i n x t o MP BM RPABM RANM AN N o t i n g h a m U n i o f E d U n i o f E d W i s b e c h N A P N A P N A P N R C B N G P E 1 3 2 R Z A p l e t o n I P 3 2 7 D S L e i c s t r N A P E d m u n s I L A 2 7 I L A 2 5 L E 1 7 R H E H E H S R F B u r y S t A m p l i f c a t o n U E A U n i o f A m p l i f c a t o n U n i o f K i n g s A m p l i f c a t o n V M V M A m p l i f c a t o n 1 0 S D 7 2 N A 8 9 L E 9 3 J Z IDN113589F 4 7 T J IDN113585F IDN113055F SSurufrfSurf Surf 1 2 1 1 0 1 79km / 24dB 107km/31dB 62km / 15dB VeVrseiiorsni o 33n..11 3.1 9

Version 3.1

I D N 1 0 3 k m /

m k

G r e a t 2

N D A n g l i a I

1 3 5 8 F /

F 6 8 5 3 1 1 2

B d Amplification 2 9 d B AbAebrdeerAdebnee eRrnde eRgeieongn iRonegion FifeF &if eT F&aiy fseTi da&ye s TRidaeeyg siRoideneg iRoengion ILA23 ILA2 ILA3 ILA4 NAP1 NAP2 NAP13 NAP14 ILA23ILA23 ILA2 ILA2 ILA3 ILA3 ILA4 ILA4 AberdeNen AUnPi 1NAP1 NAP2NAP2 NAP1N3AP13 NAP1N4AP14

Aberdeen Uni Dundee Uni Dundee Un M P B R A N i Renfrew Braco IDN113032F Dundee IDN113033F Fiddes IDN113034F EdAwbaerrdd een AUbnei rdIeDen NUni1 13035F IDN113036F IDN113037F Aberdeen Region Fife & Tayside Region C P L R A M N A l d e b u r g h N R 4 7 Renfrew Renfrew Braco Braco IDN11ID30N3121F3032FDundee DundeeIDN11ID30N3131F3033F Fiddes Fiddes IDN1I1D3N03141F3034F IDN1I1D3N03151F3035AFberdeen AUbneir deen Uni Dundee DUnuin dee UInDi N1I1D3N03171F3037FDundee DUunni dee Uni I L A IDN1I1D3N03161F3036F I P 1 5 J D Foresterhill S R F PA4 8YT FK15 9LL DD2 1TY AB39 2XX Edward Edward Park Place Springfield N R P V M 82km / 28dB 81km / 25dB 43km / 17dB Wright 5km / 2dB ForesterhiFllor1es2te4rhikll m/34dB Park PlacPeark1 Pklamce / 1dB SpringfieSldpringfield IDN113587F PA4 8YTPA4 8YT FK15 9LLFK15 9LL DD2 1TYDD2 1TY AB39 2XAXB39 2XX Wright Wright 82km 8/ 22k8md B/ 28dB 81km 8/1 2k5md B/ 25dB 43km 4/3 1k7md B/ 17dB 5km /5 2kdmB / 2AdBB25 2ZD 124km12/344kdmB/34dB 1km /1 1kdmB / 1dB S t a n d r 2 6 VM SSET SSET SSET DD1 4HW DD1 4JE U H 2 AB24 3QY AB25 2ZADB25 2ZD NAP1 102km/29dB VM VM SSET SSET SSET SSET SSET SSET AB24 3QAYB24 3QY ILA23 DD1 4HDWDIL1 A4HW2 DD1 4JEDD1 4JE ILA3 ILA4 NAP2 NAP13 NAP14 Aberdeen Uni

F Aberdeen Uni Dundee Uni Dundee Uni IDN Renfrew Braco IDN113032F Dundee IDN113033F Fiddes IDN113034F Edward IDN113035F IDN113036F IDN113037F F F IDN IDN Foresterhill 20 113086F PA4 8YT FK15 9LL DD2 1TY AB39 2XX Wright Park Place Springfield 4 d B 82km /2 6 d B 28dB 81km / 25dB 43km / 17dB 5km / 2dB 124km/34dB 1km / 1dB 20 km 11230086F113086F 4 d B 2 6 d B 4 d B km km VM SSET 2 6 d B SSET SSET AB25 2ZD DD1 4HW DD1 4JE / 6 1 3 0 F 1 3 0 8 F AB24 3QY 1 3 0 F 1 3 0 8 F / 6dB / 6 1 3 0 F 1 3 0 8 F dB dB 1 0 5 k m / 8 6 k m / 2 0 d B I D N I D N 2 0 3 k m / I D N 1 3 0 8 5 F 1 0 5 k m / 1 0 5 k m / 8 6 k m / 2 0 d B 8 6 k m / 2 0 d B I D N I D N I D N I D N 2 0 3 k m / 2 0 3 k m / I D N 1 3 0 8 5

I D N 1 3 0 8 5 IDN ILA22 C3 20 113086F JPOP6 NAP10 4 d B ILBAelf2as2t ILA22 2 6 d B GlaCsg3ow C3 km EdinburgJhP OP6JIPDONP1613039F Uni of EdiNn AP1N0AP10 SBheolfraes tR dBelfast G4la 9sgXoGwGlasgow IDN113006F 81km / 19dB EH12 9LEBdinburgEhd inburghI DN1I1D3N03191FA3p0pl3et9onFUni of EUdini of Edin SBhTo1r5e 3RPdWShore Rd 10km / 3dB IDN1I1D3N00161F3 8010k6mF 8/1 1k9md B/ 19dB / 6 1 3 0 F 1 3 0 8 F EGas4 y9nXeGtG4 9XG ScolocaEtHe12 9LEBH12 9LB 10km E/H 38 d9LBE AppletoAn ppleton BT1V5 3MPWBT15 3PW dB 10km / 3dB VM VM EasyneEtasynIeDtN ScolocSacteolocate EH8 9LEEH8 9LE 1 0 5 k m / 8 6 k m / 2 0 d B IDN IDN I D N I D N 2 0 3 k m / 5km 113029F I D N 1 3 0 8 5

3 d B 5km 1153k0m2 113029F IDN113030F 96km / 21dB 2 d B / 2dB 2 6 d B / / / 3 d B 3 d B IDN1I1D3N03101F3 9063k0mF 9 /6 2k1md B/ 21dB 2 d B 2 6 d B 2 d B / 2dB / 2dB ILA22 2 6 d B EaStMAN / / / 1 3 0 8 4 F 1 3 0 5 F 1 3 0 7 F / / / k m 9F C3 k m JPOP6 NAP10 Belfast EaStEMaAStNMAN 1 3 0 8 4 F 1 3 0 5 F 1 3 0 7 F 1 3 0 8 4 F 1 3 0 5 F 1 3 0 7 F k m k m k m k m

1 k m Glasgow Edinburgh IDN113039F Uni of Edin 1 0 4 1 2 3 I D N I D N Shore Rd I D N IDN113006F 81km / 19dB 1 k m

1 k m G4 9XG EH12 9LB Appleton 1 0 4 1 2 3 1 0 4 1 2 3 I D N I D N I D N I D N I D N BT15 3PW I D N 10km / 3dB NAP22 ILA1 NAP5 NAP6 NAP26 Easynet TX1 NAP9 Scolocate EH8 9LE Moffat Glasgow Uni Glasgow Uni VM Northumbria IDN113041F Millfield IDN113040F Uni of Edin QUB Admin ILA1 ILA1 NAP5NAP5 NAP6NAP6 NAP26 TX1 TX1 NAP9NAP9 NAP2N2 AP22 DG10 9SS James Watt ClydeNET Boyd Orr UniNAP26 IDNNE71 6HD Kings Moffat Moffat Glasgow UGnlai sgow Uni Glasgow UGnlai sgow Uni NorthumNbroiar1 th0u5mbkrImiDa /N221dI1DB3N04111F3041FMillfield9M9illkfiemld I/D 2N1d1IB1D3N04101F3040FUni of EUdini of Edin QUBTB7 A 1dNmQNiUn B Admin DG1e0o 9SDSG10 9SS GJ1a2m e8sQ WQaJtatmes WaCtt lydCeNlydEeTNEG1T2B 8oQydQ OrrBoyd Orr NE7 7XA Uni Uni 1055kmkm /12G123ed0oB2NE71 6HNDE71 6HD 99km /E H291 3dJZB Kings Kings BT7 1NNBT7 1NN 105km/22dB 99km / 21dB Geo Geo G12 8QQG12 8QQ G12 8QQG12 8QQ NE7 7XANE7 7XA Geo Geo EH9 3JZEH9 3JZ

3 d B IDN113030F 96km / 21dB 2 d B / 2dB 2 6 d B / / / 9F EaStMAN 1 3 0 8 4 F 1 3 0 5 F 1 3 0 7 F NorMAN k m k m 1 3 0 8 F 1 3 0 4 F 1 3 0 8 F 4 k m / 1 d B 1 k m

N I R A NorMAN 1 3 0 8 F 1 3 0 4 F 1 3 0 8 F NorMAN 1 0 4 1 2 3 1 3 0 8 F 1 3 0 4 F 1 3 0 8 F I D N I D N I D N 0 . 9 0 k m / 1 d B 8 9 k m / 1 d B I D N I D N I D N 4 k m / 1 d B 4 k m / 1 d B N I R A N I R A 0 . 0 . 9 0 k m / 1 d B 8 9 k m / 1 d B I D N I D N I D N 9 0 k m / 1 d B 8 9 k m / 1 d B I D N I D N I D N NAP21 TX4 NAP4 NAP25 ILA1 TX2 TX1 NAP9 QUB New Carlisle IDN113027F Uni of NAP22 Newcastle IDN113042F Newcastle NAP5 NAP6 NAP26 NLAibPra2ryN1 AP21 CTA4X 8E4B TX4 CNumAbrPia4NAP4 UniNAP2N5MAoPf2fa5t NE21 6JSTX2 TX2 Glasgow Uni Glasgow Uni Northumbria IDN113041F Millfield IDN113040F Uni of Edin QUB New Carlisle13km I/D 3NdB113027F Uni of QUB Admin New2c0akstmle / 6dIBDN113042F Newcastle QBUTB7 N1NewN Carlisle IDN113027F CA3U n9iA oYf NE1 7RNUewcastle IDN113042F Newcastle James Watt Boyd Orr Uni Library Geo CA4 8EB Cumbria DGU1n0i 9SS Geo NE21 6JS ClydeNET NE71 6HD Kings Library CA4 8EB 13km 1/ 33kdmB / 3dBCumbria BT7 1NN Uni 20km2 /0 6kdmB / 6dB NE21 6JS 105km/22dB 99km / 21dB BT7 1NNBT7 1NN Geo Geo CA3 9AYCA3 9AY NE1 7RUNGE1 e7RoU Geo Geo G12 8QQ G12 8QQ NE7 7XA Geo EH9 3JZ 2 3 d B / 1 6 d B CANLMAN / 1 8 d B 1 3 0 8 2 F 1 3 0 F 1 3 0 9 F 1 6 d B 1 8 d B 2 3 d B 2 3 d B / /

Edinburgh / 1 6 d B / 1 8 d B Glasgow CANLMAN 1 3 0 8 2 F 1 3 0 F 1 3 0 9 F

1 0 k m / CANLMAN 7 8 k m 9 0 k m I D N I D N I D N 1 3 0 8 2 F 1 3 0 F 1 3 0 9 F NorMAN 1 3 0 8 F 1 3 0 4 F 1 3 0 8 F 1 0 k m / 7 8 k m 9 0 k m I D N I D N I D N 1 0 k m / 7 8 k m 9 0 k m ILI D N A21 TXI D N 5 NAP3 ILA6 I D N Newry Kendal IDN113026F Lancaster 4 k m / 1 d B Northallerton N I R A 0 .

BT35 6DN LA9 6PE Uni 9 0 k m / 1 d B DL7 0PQ 8 9 k m / 1 d B ILA21ILA21 TX5 TX553km / 12dB NAP3NAP3 I D N I D N ILA6 ILA6 I D N NVewMry Newry GKeendoal KendalIDN11ID30N2161F3026LAFL1a n4cWasAteLr ancaster GeoNorthalleNrtoornthallerton BT35 6DBNT35 6DN LA9 6PELA9 6PE53km 5/ 31k2md B/ 12dB Uni Uni DL7 0PQDL7 0PQ VM VM Geo Geo LA1 4WLAA1 4WA NAP21 TX4 Geo Geo NAP4 NAP25 TX2 QUB New Carlisle IDN113027F Uni of Newcastle IDN113042F Newcastle 3 0 d B Library CA4 8EB Cumbria Uni NE21 6JS

1 3 0 8 F 1 3 0 2 F 13km / 3dB 20km / 6dB 3 0 d B 3 0 d B BT7 1NN Geo CA3 9AY NE1 7RU Geo 1 2 0 k m / 7 0 k m / 1 4 d B I D N I D N 1 3 0 8 F 1 3 0 2 F HEAnet 1 3 0 8 F 1 3 0 2 F YHMAN 1 2 0 k m / 7 0 k m / 1 4 d B I D N I D N 1 2 0 k m / 7 0 k m / 1 4 d B HENAAHnP3eE7tAnet ILI D N A20 ILAI D N 5 NAP23 NAP24 NAP35 NAP36 IDN113081F Dublin Preston Uni of Uni Central Uni of IDNY11H30M4Y4AFHNMALeeNds Met HEAnet Beaumont PR3 5LH Manchester NNW Lancs Leeds Uni 1 6 d B 1 8 d B Dublin 36km / 12dB ILA20ILA20 ILA5 ILA5 NAP2N3 AP23 NAP2N4AP24 NA2 3 d B P3N5A1P.53k5m / 2dB NAP3N6AP36 NAP3N7 AP37 M15 5RN PR1 2HE LS2 9JT LS1 3ES / / IDN11ID30N8111F3081FDVubMlin Dublin PGreestoon Preston Uni of Uni of Uni CentUranli Central Uni of Uni of IDN1I1D3N04141F3044FLeeds MLeet eds Met HEAnet HEAnet CANLMAN Manchester NNW 1 3 0 8 2 F 1 3 0 F 1 3 0 9 F 36km 3/ 61k2mdB / 12dBBeaumonBteaumont PR3 5LHPR3 5LH Manchester NNW Lancs Lancs Leeds Leeds 1.5km1 ./5 2kdmB / 2dB Uni Uni Dublin Dublin 1 3 0 F 8 4 k m / d B VM VM Geo Geo M15 5RNM15 5RN PR1 2HEPR1 2HE LS2 9JT LS2 9JT LS1 3ESLS1 3ES IDN 1 0 k m / 7 8 k m 9 0 k m I D N I D N I D N I D N 4 8 d B dB / 1 3 0 F 8 4 k m / d B

9km 113045 1 3 0 F 8 4 k m / d B 113025F

1 3 0 F 1 3 0 2 4 F / 11 1 3 0 4 F 1 3 0 7 9 F IDN k m 11302/3 2FdB / 2dIBDN I D N

4 8 d B IDN km I D N 4 8 d B dB / dB F / IDN 9km 1193k0m4 5113045 9 5 k m / 2 0 d B 8 7 k m / 2 4 d B 7 1 k m / d B

I D N I D N 47 ILAI D N 21 TX5 NAP3

2 3 8 ILA6 I D N 113025F113025F

1 3 0 F 1 3 0 2 4 F / 11 1 3 0 4 F

1 3 0 7 9 F 1.4km

1 3 0 F 1 3 0 2 4 F / 11 1 3 0 4 F 1 3 0 7 9 F k m

k m 113023F 11302/3 2FdB / 2dB Newry Kendal / 2dIBD/N 2d1B 13026F Lancaster Northallerton IDN kmI DN km ILA19 IDN BT35 6DN LA9 6PE F F Uni DL7 0PQ 9 5 k m / 2 0 d B 8 7 k m / 2 4 d B 7 1 k m / d B JPOP5 I D N IDN I D N 47 TX6 I D N JPOP7 2 3 8 9 5 k m / 2 0 d B 8 7 k m / 2 4 d B 7 1 k m / d B

I D N TX3 I D N I D N 47 I D N 2 3 8 LytI D N ham St 53km / 12dB IDN113078F Manchester IDN1.41k1m3 011.49kmF Southport Bracewell Leeds Annes LA1 4WA M15 6SE PR8 4HQ IDN113020F 92km / 20dB BDV23M 1NJ IDN113021F 68km / G15edBo LS10 1JW Geo IFLYA8 15A9GILA1999km / 23dB JPOP855km / 19dB TX3 TX6 JPOP7 Lytham St TJePlOecPit5y HibTeXrn3ia SSETTX6 aql JPOP7 LythVamM St IDN113078F Manchester IDN113019F Southport Bracewell Leeds AnnesIDN113078F Manchester IDN113019F Southport Bracewell Leeds Annes M15 6SE PR8 4HQ IDN11ID30N2101F3 902k0mF 9/2 2k0md B/ 20dB BD23 1NJ IDN1I1D3N02111F3 06281kFm 6 /8 1k5md B/ 15dB LS10 1JW FY8 5AG99km 9/ 92k3mdB / 23dBM15 6SE 85km 8/ 51k9md B/ 19dBPR8 4HQ BD23 1NJ LS10 1JW FY8 5AG Telecity Hibernia SSET aql VM VM Telecity Hibernia SSET aql 3 0 d B 1 6 d B 1 3 d B Newcastle / / 1 3 0 F 1 3 0 F 1 3 0 8 F 1 3 0 2 F 1 6 d B 1 3 d B 1 6 d B 1 3 d B 7 1 k m 5 9 k m I D N I D N / / / / 1 3 0 F 1 3 0 F 1 2 0 k m / 7 0 k m / 1 4 d B I D N I D N 1 3 0 F West HEAnet 1 3 0 F ILA7 NAP33 NAP34 ILA8 YHMAN 7 1 k m 5 9 k m I D N I D N 7 1 k m 5 9 k m ChedI D N dleton Uni of Midlands I D N Uni of IDN113050F 74km / 19dB Oxspring ST13 7EF Birmingham ReWgioensaWtl est Warwick NAP37 ILA20 ILA5 S36 8YD NAP23 NAP24 NAP35 NAP36 SILSAET7 ILA7 BN15A 2TPT3N3 AP33 CVN4 A7EPZ3N4AP34 IDN113081F Dublin Preston SSET ILA8 ILA8 Uni of Uni Central Uni of IDN113044F Leeds Met Cheddleton Uni of Midlands Uni of HEAnet Oxspring Cheddleton Uni of NMetidwlaonrkds Uni of IDN113050F 74km / 19BdeBaumont PR3 5LH Oxspring Manchester NNW Lancs Leeds Uni ST13 7EFST13 7EF BirminghaBmir mingham WarwickW arwick IDN131630k5m0F /7 41k2md /B 19dB S36 8YDS36 8YD 1.5km / 2dB RegiRoneagli onal Dublin SSET SSET B15 2TTB15 2TT CV4 7EZCV4 7EZ VM Geo SSET SSET M15 5RN PR1 2HE LS2 9JT LS1 3ES 49F NetwNoertkwork 2 1 d B dB 1 2 9 F 7 1 3 0 2 F 1130 / 1 3 0 F 8 4 k m / d B

km 2 1 d B IDN 1 0 k m / I D N I D N 2 1 d B

1 3 k m / 2 4 d B IDN 17 EMMAN dB I D N 4 8 d B 1 2 9 F dB 1 3 0 2 F

1 2 9 F 7 1 3 0 2 F dB 7 / 11304/9 F11304/9 F IDN113051F 9km 113045 C2 ILA9 50km / 11dB C5 NAP11 km 113025F 1 0 k m /

IDN 1 3 0 F 1 3 0 2 4 F 1 3 0 4 F I D N I D N / 11

km 1 3 0 7 9 F IDN 1 0 k m / 1 3 k m / 2 4 d B ErdinI D N gton Leicester IDN113093F Lowdham I D N IDN113052F Uni of k m 1 3 k m / 2 4 d B 17 17 IDN113022F 112km / 26dB 11302/3 2FdB EMMEAMNMAN / 2dB B7 5PP LE1 2AA 50km / 10dB NG7 7EX 32km / 9dB Nottingham IDN IDN113051F km F SSET BT IDN113ID01N3F1130I5D1FN SSET NG7 2NA 9 5 k m / 2 0 d B 8 7 k m / 2 4 d B 7 1 k m / d B C2 ILAI D N 9 50km / 11dB C5 I D N N47AP11 I D N 2 3 8 C2 I D N ILA9 50km / 5101kdmB / 11dB C5 NAP11 ErdingtonErdington LeicesterLeicester IDN1130ID93NF1 1 3.049k3Fm LowdhamLowdhamIDN1I1D3N05121F3052F Uni of Uni of B7 5PP IDN11ID30N2121F3 10122kFm 1 1/2 2k6md B/ 26dB LE1 2AA 50km / 10dB NG7 7EX Nottingham B7 5PP LE1 2AA IDN 50km / 10dB NG7 7EX 32km3 /2 9kdmB / 9dBNottingham 73 IDN113013F SSET SSET ILA19 BT BT 11I3D0N141F13013F SSET SSET NG7 2NNAG7 2NA JPOkmP 550km / 1510dkBm / 11dB TX3 TX6 JPOP7 Lytham St / 1 5 d B IDN113078F Manches/t 1e6r IDN113019F Southport Bracewell Leeds Annes IDN 1 3 0 5 F IDN113020F 92km / 20dB IDN113021F 68km / 15dB M15 6SE IdDBN PR8 4HQ k m BD23 1NJ LS10 1JW FY8 5AG 99km / 23dB 73 73 85km / 19dB 6 2

113014F I D N km 113k0m1 4F 1 5 d B Telecity Hibernia / SSET aql VM / 16 / 1 5 d B / 16 1 3 0 5 F 1 3 0 5 F

NAP7 TX8 NAP12 k m dB dB k m Uni of IDN113056F P’borough IDN113053F Uni of 6 2 I D N 6 2 Cambridge PE2 6YN Leicester I D N 1 2 9 8 F 84km / 20dB 80km / 17dB CB3 0FD SSET LE1 7RH 1 6 d B 1 3 d B

6 4 k m / 1 d B NAP7 TX8 NAP12 I D N NAP7 TX8 NAP12 Uni of ID/ N1I1D3N05161F3056F P’boroughIDN1I1D3N05131F3053F Uni of / Uni of P’borough IDN Uni of Camb1 3 0 F ridge PE2 6YN Leicester 1 3 0 F 1 2 9 8 F Cambridge PE2 6YN Leicester 1 2 9 8 F 84km8 /4 2k0md B/ 20dB 49 80km8 /0 1k7md B/ 17dB 113584 CB3 0FDCB3 0FD SSET SSkEmT LE1 7RHLE1 7RH 6 4 k m / 1 d B I D N 6 4 k m / 1 d B I D N 7 1 k m 5 9 k m I D N / 15 I D N EastERN 1 3 0 5 F F dIBDN IDN

9 k m / 2 0 d B 49 I D N 49 113584 West ILA7 km 113k5m8 4 NAP34 ILA8 NAP3/ 315 1 3 0 5 F / 15 EastERasNtERN 1 3 0 5 F ILA25 ILA10 NAP31a Cheddleton ILA18 Uni of F F Midlands Uni of Oxspring NAP8 dB dB Evesham RAL R26 ST13 7EF Duxford BirminghamW isbech Warwick IDN113050F 74km / 19dB S36 8YD 9 k m / 2 0 d B

Telehouse I D N 9 k m / 2 0 d B WR11 1XJ SG8 7PR I D N PE13 2RZ OX11 0QX Regional Leeds SSET North SSET SSET B15 2TT VM CV4 7EZ SSET ILA10 ILA18 ILA25ILA25 ILA10 NAP31Na AP31a NAP8NAP8 ILA18 Network EveshamEvesham RAL R26 IDN DuxfordDuxford Wisbech RAL R26 TelehouTsee lehouse Wisbech WR11 1XWJ R11 1XJ 94 SG8 7PRSG8 7PR PE13 2RZ OX11 0QX 113068 North PE13 2RZ

OX11 0QX 3 1 d B SSET SSET km North SSET SSET VM VM

/ 20 2 1 d B 1 3 0 6 9 F F 1 3 5 8 F

4 k m / 1 d B dB . IDN IDN dB 0 1 0 7 k m / 1 2 9 F 1 3 0 2 F I D N 94 7 I D N 94 113068 London Region 113049F 113k0m68 / 3 1 d B km 3 1 d B ILA11 / 20 1 3 0 6 9 F km 1 3 5 8 F IDN 1 0 k m / ILA12 / 20 I D N I D N 1 3 0 6 9 F 1 3 5 8 F

Newport NAP31b NFAP32 NAP38 NAP20 NAP19 1 3 k m / 2 4 d B IDN113075F Avonbank 4 k m / 1 d B Thames F dB IDN113089F IDN113088F 17 UEA EMMAN IDN113074F . RAL R89 4 k m / 1 d B dB South . SSE Reading UCL Imperial ULCC 0 1 0 7 k m / BS23 0TB I D N I D N 0 1 3 0 6 F 1 0 7 k m / NP19 0RD 72km / 19dB 109km / 24dB OX11 I D N 0QX 13km / 3dB London1 4Rkmeg /i o4dnB NR4 7TJ I D N IDN113051F Surf Valley RG6 1AD NW1 2HE LoSnWd7 o2BnX Region WC1B 5DN Surf C2 ILA9 50km / 11dB C5 NAP11

Daresbury 8 k m / 2 0 d B ILA11 Network I D N ILA11 ILA12ILA12 NAP31b Newport 1 2 9 7 F 8 k m / d B NAP32 NAP38 NAP20 ENrAdinPg1t9on Leicester IDN113093F Lowdham IDN113052F Uni of Newport IDN113075F Avonbank IDN113074F NAP31b Thames NAP32 NAP38 IDN113089FNAP20 IDN113088FNAP19 UIDENA South IDN113075F Avonbank IDN113074F RAL R89 Thames SSE Reading UCL IDN11F3089F ImperialIDN113088F ULCC UEA IDN113022F 112km / 26dB South d B BS23 0TB RAL R89 SSE Reading UCL Imperial ULCC B7 5PIDPN LE1 2AA 50km / 10dB NG7 7EX Nottingham Manchester BS23 0TB IDN 1 3 0 6 F 72km / 19dB NR4 7TJ 32km / 9dB NP19 0RD 13km / 3dB 14km / 4dB 1 3 0 6 F 2km 113586F NP19 0RD 72km / 19dB 109km1 0/ 92k4mdB / 24dB I D N OX11 0QX Valley RG6 1AD NW1 2HE13km / 3dB SW7 2BX14km / 4dB WC1B 5DN NR4 7TJ / 7 OX11 0QX Valley RG6 1AD NW1 2HE SW7 2BX WC1B 5DN 21km IDN113013F Surf / 1 9 d B 88 113087 NG7 2NA Surf Surf km 113067F 11309010dB SSET / BT SSET 8 k m / 2 0 d B 1 3 0 7 6 F 1 3 0 7 F Surf / I D N 50km / 11dB

8 k m / 2 0 d B 2 Laboratory I D N NetwNoertkwork dB 1 2 9 7 F 8 k m / d B / 19 IDN / 1 2 9 7 F 8 k m / d B 7dB IDN 2 6 k m F 8 5 k m I D N I D N 21km F IDN d B dB F IDN IDN d B IDN IDN 2km 113586F I D N IDN 2km 113586F I D N / 7 21km

/ 1 9 d B 88 / 7 21km 113087 73 C1 / 1 9 d B 88 JPOP2 NAP27 NAP28 TX7 ILA16 IDN1129941F13k0m67 F11J3P0O67PF 4 11309J01P0OdBP3 JPOP1 113087 / 113014F 1 3 0 7 6 F 1 3 0 7 F 10dB km 113090 / SRF1 / SRF2 1 5 d B 1 3 0 7 6 F Bradley 1 3 0 7 F / Telehouse 2 km Cardiff Uni Cardiff Uni IDN113077F IDN112996F Froxfield IDN112995F Reading Powergate IDN113018F Harbour Ex IDN113017F Telehouse 2 dB 77km / 16dB / 19 / Greater dB / Stoke / 19 IDN North / 7WdeBst Hinxton NRP Park Place 2 6 k m PSBA Trevithick SN8 3JU RG2 0QX IDN113063F NW106PW IDN E14 9GE F

8 5 k m / 16 I D N I D N 7dB 2 6 k m 85km / 21dB BS32 4EU 95km / 20dB 51km / 11dB 35km / 12dB21km 3km / 3dB EF14 2AA 1 3 0 5 F

8 5 k m E14 2AA

I D N I D N dB CF10 3BB CF24 0TA SSET Daisy 77km / 15dB dB Telecity 21km Telecity CB10 1SD Anglia NR4 7UH SSET Telehouse Telehouse k m IDN dB C1 IDN IDN112994F JPOP1 JPOP2

C1 JPOP2 6 2 NAP27 NAP28 TIDXN 7 ILA16 IDN112994F JPOP4 JPOP3 JPOP1 SRF1 I D N NAP27 NAP28 Bradley TX7 113066 ILA16 52 JPOP4 JPOP3 Telehouse Telehouse SRF1 SRF2 Cardiff Uni Cardiff Uni IDN113077FBradley IDN112996F Froxfield IDN112995F Reading 113064F77km / 16dB Powergate IDN113018F Harbour Ex IDN113017FTelehouse Telehouse Greater SRF2 Cardiff Uni Cardiff Uni IDN113077F Stoke IDN112996F Froxfield 113I5D97N112995F Reading km 77km / 16dB Powergate IDN113018F Harbour Ex IDN113017F IDNNort1h13590F West Greater NRP Park Place PSBA Trevithick Stoke SN8 3JU RG2 0QX IDN113063F NW106PW E14 9GE North West HinxtHoninxton NRP Park Place PSBA Trevithick 85kmd B/ 21dB BS32 4EU 95km / 20dBSN8 3JU F5 651km / 11dBRG2 0QX NW106PW 35km / 12dBE14 9GE 3km / 3dB E14 2AA 2 9 d B 85km / 21dB BS32 4EU 95km / 20dB 51km / 11dB /I D15N113063F 35km / 12dB 3km / 3dB 1E1140 2kAmA / 32dB E14 2AA NR4 7UH CF10 3BB CF24 0TA 77km / 15dB E14 2AA CB10 1SD Anglia NR4 7UH CF10 3BB CF24 0TA 113591F SSET F 65 km/ Daisy 77km / 15dB Telecity Telecity CB10 1SD Anglia 1 3 0 7 F / 19 1 3 0 7 F SSET SSET Daisy Telecity Telecity Telehouse 1 3 0 6 2 F Telehouse 1 3 5 8 9 F 1 3 5 8 7 F NAP7 TX8 NAP12 SSET IDN dB Telehouse Telehouse IDN IDN km 16 km IDN IDN Uni of IDN113056F P’borough IDN113053F Uni of IDN / 11306d6B IDN 1 0 2 k m / 9 7 k m / 2 d B 4 1 k m / d B 8 5 k m / 2 1 d B 7 9 k m / 2 4 d B I D N Nottingham 72 I D N I D N I D N I D N 113066 20 52 113597 52 113064F Cambridge PE2 6YN Leicester dB 1 2 9 8 F IDN113590F 113597 km 113k0m64 F IDN113590F 84km / 20dB 80km / 17dB dB F 65 2 9 d B 110km / 32dB 2 9 d B ILA28 dB F 65 / 15 / 15 110km / 32dB ILA27 CB3 0FD SSET LE1 7RH 113591F NAP29 F 65 kmIL/ A13 NAP18 ILA17 ILA26

F 65 2 d B 1 3 0 7 F 113591F / 19 1 3 0 7 F NAP30 1 3 0 6 2 F Bury St 1 3 5 8 9 F 1 3 5 8 7 F

km/ 6 4 k m / 1 d B Bridgwater dB SRF6 I D N 1 3 0 7 F / 19 Un1 3 0 7 F i of IDN113072F Andover SSE Maidstone 1 3 0 6 2 F 1 3 5 8 9 F IDN113588F Aldeburgh 1 3 5 8 7 F UWE km 16 dB / Edmunds TA7 0HZ IDN km Bristol km 16 SP10 3RW Aldershot Francis Crick ME15 9YR IP15 5JD IDN km 9km / 3dB / dB IP32 7DS 103km/29dB 1 0 2 k m / 9 7 k m / 2 d B 4 1 k m / d B dB NW1 2BE 8 5 k m / 2 1 d B 7 9 k m / 2 4 d B I D N 72 I D N BS16 1QY / 20 I D N I D N I D N 1 0 2 k m / 9 7 k m / 2 d B 4 1 k m / d B 8 5 k m / 2 1 d B 7 9 k m / 2 4 d B I D N 72 I D N I D N I D N I D N IDN Surf BS8 1UD 20 dVB M GU9 9HP KPN VM dB VM 9 6 k m I D N 1 3 0 6 F 49 ILA27 113584 ILA28ILA28 NAP29 ILA13IDN NAP18 ILA17 ILA27 ILA26 km NAP2S9outh West Region NAP30 ILA13 NAP18 Francis CricSkRF6 2 d B ILA17 Bury St ILA26 Bridgwater Uni of IDN113072NF AP30 Andover SSE 2 d B Maidstone Bury St IDN113588F Aldeburgh Bridgwater Uni of IDN113072F UWE Andover 59km SSE SRF6 / Maidstone EdmundsIDN113588F Aldeburgh 113065F Francis Crick / / 15 TA7 0HZ Bristol UWE SP10 3RW Aldershot ME15 9YR Edmunds IP15 5JD 1 3 0 5 F TA7 0HZ Bristol 9km / 3dB SP10 3RW SouAldtehrs hot Francis Crick ME15 9YR IP32 7DS 103km/29dBIP15 5JD EastERN 9km / 3dB BS16 1QY NW1 2BE IP32 7DS 103km/29dB BS8 1UD BS16 1QY VM / 15 GU9 9HP NW1 2BE KPN VM F Surf Surf BS8 1UD VM RegGiUo9 n9HP KPN VM VM dB 9 6 k m I D N 1 3 0 6 F VM 9 6 k m

dB I D N 1 3 0 6 F 9 k m / 2 0 d B I D N 8 5 k m / 2 0 d B 6 k m / 1 9 d B 5 k m / 1 d B I D N 1 3 5 9 2 F I D N 1 3 5 9 6 F IDN I D N 1 3 0 6 F South West Region IDN Francis Crick Exeter South West Region 59km Francis Crick 59km 113065F 113065F South Uni of ILA29 ILA30 NASPo1u7 th NAP15 ILA25 SRF3 / 15 ILA10 NAP16 ILA18 IDN113593F IDN113594F Martock IDN113995F Mere / 15 SSE Uni of NAP31a NAP8 Exeter Met Office Region Evesham Uni of Kent Duxford 10km / 4dB 90km / 28dB TA12 6HB 42km / 12dB BA12 6LA dBSouRthameptgonion Greenwich KPSN RAL R26 Telehouse Wisbech EX1 3PB dB CT2 7NF 8 5 k m / 2 0 d B 6 k m / 1 9 d B 5 k m / 1 d B EX4 4QE I D N 1 3 5 9 2 F I D N 1 3 5 9 6 F SO15 1QH ME4 4TB WR11 1XJ I D N 1 3 0 6 F SG8 7PR PE13 2RZ 8 5 k m / 2 0 d B 6 k m / 1 9 d B 5 k m / 1 d B

I D N 1 3 5 9 2 F VM VMI D N 1 3 5 9 6 F I D N 1 3 0 6 F Exeter OX11 0QX North Exeter SSET SSET VM Cambridge Uni of ILA29ILA29 ILA30ILA30 NAP17 NAP15 SRF3 NAP17 NAP15 NAP16 Uni of IDN113593FSRF3 IDN113594F IDN113995F SSE Uni of NAP16 IDN113593F IDN113594F MartocIkDN113995F Mere SSE Uni of Uni of Kent Exeter Met Office Martock Mere Southampton Greenwich KPSN Uni of Kent Exeter 10km / 4dBMet Office 90km / 28dB TA12 6HB 42km / 12dB BA12 6LA Southampton KPSN IDN Birmingham 10km / 4dB EX1 3P9B0km / 28dB TA12 6HB 42km / 12dB BA12 6LA Greenwich CT2 7NF EX4 4QE SO15 1QH ME4 4TB CT2 7NF EX4 4QE EX1 3PB VM VM SO15 1QH 94 VM VM ME4 4TB 113068 km 3 1 d B / 20 1 3 0 6 9 F F 1 3 5 8 F

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SuperJANET SDH Network Janet6 Network

25-year celebrations Janet’s impact over the last three decades has been documented in a book by Christopher Cooper: ‘Janet: The By constantly looking at how we First 25 Years’1. Looking at the definitive history of Janet, can deliver the best for research, from 1984 to SuperJANET5 in 2006, it makes a fascinating read. From its creation to its goals, this book gives an insight FE and HE, we’re developing into how Janet has helped shape technology as we know the young people of the future it today.

A bright future Shirley Wood, Head of Customer Engagement and Support, Janet Over the last 30 years we’ve seen the rise of the network, as technology and the world has evolved. With demands only increasing and possibilities becoming endless, the future is certainly set to be exciting.

1 https://community.ja.net/groups/marketing-communications/article/janet- first-25-years

5 JANET NEWS | 30 YEARS

Making a world of difference During his 22 years at Janet, Chief Technology The big challenge Officer, Bob Day, has seen unprecedented is recognising changes in global demand from both research and education. We spoke to him to find out the value and how the network has evolved over the last two sensitivity of decades, to meet the ever-increasing need for data and putting international collaborations. mechanisms in Bob Day Bob, how did you initially see Janet’s role in supporting Chief Technology Officer, Janet place to protect research and education in the UK and internationally? And how has this changed over the years? it, globally

When I joined in 1992, there was, by today’s standards, In terms of research, we’re moving into times where relatively little international interest among research much of the data is not only of unprecedented volume, and education in the UK. Janet was, though, very active but increasingly extremely sensitive. For example, it may and influential in developing technical networking and be patient information relating to medical research, or standards into Europe. commercially valuable data relating to university/industry Then we started to see a lot more UK interest in international research partnerships. The big challenge is recognising the collaborations, particularly in research, and it’s now inconceivable value and sensitivity of data and putting mechanisms in for any UK-based research or education facility not to have place to protect it, globally. Janet is currently highly involved international activity – and international connectivity. in developing an international structure to make that happen.

With many UK organisations now having overseas Of the people you have worked with over the years, is campuses and interests, how has Janet’s role developed to there anyone you feel has been particularly influential in support this? Janet’s development?

We’ve increased our collaboration with other National Research There are many names, but within the UK two people – and Education Networks (NRENs), as most countries have a Howard Davies and James Hutton. common vehicle for their activities. It’s only through technical I worked with Howard in the mid-1980s; he was one expertise and experience that we’re able to build relationships of the founding members of DANTE. His influence was and expand our involvement. We now have a senior global very important in setting the scene for, and building, the partnership development role, focused solely on this. foundations of collaborations with NRENs, which is essential. How do you see Janet’s role supporting the increasing Having previously been the Computing Centre Director at need for high volumes of international data transfer, the University of Exeter, his influence, nationally, helped us across research, education and industry? really understand how to shape our services to meet the needs of our customers. Education is starting to globalise, with Higher Education organisations increasing their presence in other countries, Again, in the mid-1980s, James Hutton was seconded to particularly the Middle and Far East, including China. work in the pre-cursor of DANTE and was very influential in the early building blocks. When James came back to Universities want to replicate the student experience, on a Janet following his secondment, he had a different view. global scale – through access, IT facilities, learning materials As a result, he asked awkward questions, made people and links to tutorials in the UK. We’re supporting this by think differently and challenged the status quo in how we making links, extending Janet access and working with other served the increasingly international needs of research and peer organisations around the world to deliver Janet services. education. This was something I really admired.

6 SPECIAL EDITION Tim Marshall looks to the future

Since joining Janet, or UKERNA as it was in 2005, I’ve seen the world of technology in People genuinely research and education change dramatically. look to us as We’re now operating in a world where people work in so leaders in what many different ways, some of it only found in science fiction just 20 years ago. At the level of the individual user we’re doing, not it’s now quite normal to be using four or five devices, most just on a national of which will have mobile access. At the other end of the scale are assets such as high performance computing scale but also where the capability available today would have been internationally Tim Marshall unthinkable in 2005. Back then it took at least 10 days to Executive Director, Jisc Technologies & CEO, Janet process one gene sequence, today it takes just two hours… and it’s got even faster since I wrote this. and favourable statistics for Janet, such as a 20 percent cut As we enter this next phase, Janet(UK) will transform in budget since 2009, a 3,000 percent increase in traffic and into the much more broad-ranging Jisc Technologies a 4,000 percent reduction in unit cost. I was going to quote function as an integral part of Jisc, with a remit that goes these impressive numbers, but then I changed tack and beyond that of just networking. This function will rise to focused on the obvious and unique value of Janet. It was the challenge of harnessing the power of Janet to provide there sitting in front of me! 300 people in the room, none of comprehensive Cloud services and other technologies in whom were employed by the company, but who are all very order to meet the needs of our customers in a world where much part of what we do. The value of these highly talented almost anything that you imagine today becomes a people and the enthusiasm of the Janet community with a possibility tomorrow. Increasingly data analytics, security strong common bond is what really matters. and access and identity management are being seen as themes which feature in the wider Jisc Technologies remit. When I’m asked about the thing I’m most proud of, there’s no doubt in my mind that it’s the fact that we’re still here when so Despite a somewhat hesitant start, there are now signs that many other organisations have gone! People genuinely look to the adoption of Cloud services is gaining traction in research us as leaders in what we’re doing, not just on a national scale and education as the early adopters utilise compute and but also internationally. Our work with other National Research storage beyond the walls of their own data centre. This is and Education Networks and emerging transnational opening up a wealth of opportunities to our community as education programme is very important to us. We are able to researchers and educators present us with requirements give a great service through our international collaborations that cannot viably be provided by the commercial market. and we’re proud to say that we’re right up there with the Our new broad offering means that UK research and leaders in the world of research and education networking. education can keep pushing at the boundaries to ensure that our national knowledge economy remains at the I’ve been through various transformations at Janet, but the cutting edge and punches well above its weight on an most exciting is the long overdue coming together of Janet international scale. and the refreshed joined-up Jisc. Bringing together digital enablement into one organisation will achieve great things One of the most enriching aspects of my role is that I see across the sector and that’s what we’re all about. Being an passion and commitment across our community. A great integral part of the Jisc group creates not only immense example of this was at Networkshop41 last year at Keele value, but makes it even more possible to support the UK as University. There were 300 people present and some a leader in the global knowledge economy. expert speakers. I was invited to give the closing plenary and had planned to cover value for money giving significant Here’s to the next 30 years...

7 30 years of the Janet network

2014 30 years of the Janet network 2013 • Janet6 launches • Janet helps academia and industry to share expertise and e-infrastructure resources • Janet launches trial to enable broadcasters to quickly access expertise from universities through live streams • Janet connects performers from across the globe 2012 • Janet becomes part of the Jisc group • An initial £30m e-infrastructure investment from the UK Department for Business, Innovation and Skills and the FE and HE funding councils makes the development of Janet6 possible • Working with the BBC and NHK, the Janet network is used to broadcast key moments of London 2012 in Super Hi- Vision at various locations across the UK and around the world 2011 JANET rebrands as Janet 2009 • JANET becomes the first national research and education network (NREN) in the world to complete a 100Gbit/s network trial. Netsight, Janet’s traffic monitoring system, is upgraded, showing the current and past performance of the network • JANET has more than 18 million UK users including research institutes, universities, FE colleges and primary and secondary schools 2008 • Core network capacity upgrades to 40Gbit/s • JANET wins the shared services category of the eGovernment awards, followed in April by a government computing award for innovation • UK academics helping with the Big Bang recreation project at the CERN laboratory in Switzerland, receive data routed over Janet as part of the global collaboration 2007 • SuperJANET5 provides a 10Gbit/s backbone to the network and UKERNA becomes JANET(UK) • Astronomers in Cambridge help to create a single telescope as large as Europe by working with colleagues in Italy and Poland through JANET’s link to the GÉANT2 network 2004 UKERNA teams up with the BBC to stream the Olympic Games live from Athens across JANET 2003 English schools begin to link up via JANET 2002 Adult and Community learning organisations connect to JANET 2001 SuperJANET4 moves to 10Gbit/s infrastructure following £50m investment. JANET links to other European and worldwide networks through GÉANT connection 1994 The United Kingdom Education and Research Networking Association (UKERNA) takes over responsibility for JANET 1993 SuperJANET goes live – the fastest network of its kind in the world – and continues to be funded by the newly- renamed JISC 1991 Polytechnics and Further Education (FE) colleges start to link to JANET 1984 JANET enables researchers and academics in 60 universities and research councils to access high speed internet connections and a national research network for the first time