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Flagler County -Historic Properties Study-1987-Nov

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Flagler County -Historic Properties Study-1987-Nov HISTORIC PROPERTIES SURVEY OF FLAGLER COUNTY, FLORIDA Historic Property Associates, Inc. St. Augustine, Florida November, 1987 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations. i Project Staff ••.. .ii Acknowledgements. ·-· . iii Survey Criteria. .vi Survey Method ... ......................... .ix Historical Development of Flagler County. .. 1 Architectural Analysis of Flagler. .31 Prehistory of Flagler County ...••. .45 Bibliography. .62 Bibliography (Prehistory) . .71 Recommendations . .76 Appendix: Inventory of Buildings Preservation Laws Flagler IL USTRA TIO NS Bulow Plantation .....••........•.•..............•.••.•.. cover Location of Flagler County, Florida. .v Map of Flagler County, Florida ..............•..•......•.•. xii Turpentine Street ............••............................ 30 Railroad Street 41 James F. Lambert House 42 Holden House . • • • • • • • • • • • 4 3 St. Mary's Church Korona ..••..••..••.•..••..••..••.•••••... 44 Archaeological Map .........................•............... 61 Flagler i PROJECT STAFF Coordinator: Paul L. Weaver, M.A. Architectural History: Paul L. Weaver, M.A. Historical Research: Paul L. Weaver, M.A. Leona Moody Knight Norma Turner Jamie Likens Photography and Graphics: Paul L. Weaver, M.A. James Quine Gregg Maxey Computer Applications: William R. Adams, Ph.D. Clerical Assistance: Christina Costello Juanita c. Potter The survey was made possible by funds and services provided by: Board of County Commissioners of Flagler County, Florida, Marvin w. Henry, Chairman The Division of Historic Resources, George Percy, Director and State Historic Preservation Officer Florida Department of State, Jim Smith, Secretary Flagler ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A successful survey of historic properties requires the efforts and cooperation of a variety of individuals and groups within a community. Inevitably, the survey team accumulates debts which it can only acknowledge. First, we would like to thank the Flagler County Historical Society, its officers, and in particular, its president, Nancy Dance. Nancy, despite an extremely busy schedule, has coordinated volunteer workers, provided research materials, and been willing to assist with even the most mundane of tasks. If any one person deserves credit for the success of the survey, it is she. Volunteers from the Flagler County Historical Society provided much - of the historical information contained in the survey report and Florida Master Site File forms. Those who contributed their time and effort to the project were Tom Lenssen, Chuck Gabrielle, Audrey Darrow Long, Jamie Likens, Norma Turner, and Leona Moody Knight. Norma and Leona are worthy of special recognition. Both have been keenly interested in local history and have voluntarily served as stewards of many of the most valuable and irreplaceable records of the county's history. They have been eyewitnesses to many of the events which shaped the history of the county and have personally known virtually all of its significant business, civrc, and political leaders. Leona, especially, is closely linked with the history of the county. Her father, I.I. Moody, was the individual most directly responsible for the creation of the county and its economic development during the first ,two decades of the twentieth century. Both she and Norma have been an invaluable sources of information, and we wish to thank them greatly for their assistance. We also wish to thank Jamie Likens for helping publicize the project and for always being willing and able to assist in any way possible. Activities such as the historic properties survey could not be undertaken without financial support. We would like to express our gratitude to the Historical Society and Board of County Commissioners of Flagler County, Marvin W. Henry, Chairman.° for contributing in-kind services and funds to the survey. We would also like to acknowledge State ~resent.ative Hamilton Upchurch and Senator Mattox Hair for their support of funding for historic preservation 7n the Florida state legislature. We would further like to thank a number of Flagler County Official for their cooperation. We would especially like to recognized Dave Bailey, _c';;nty _Administrator; Ken Koch, Dl!ec_!Q!... of Planning; John Seay, e_roperty pprarser; and Guy Sapp. Dave has administered the Department Flagler iii of State grant that funded the survey. Ken provided historical and planning information and assisted with mapping for the final survey report. John and Guy were of tremendous assistance in providing information about ownership of properties and legal descriptions. The preparation of the archaeological portion of the report was facilitated by the significant contributiions of Jim Miller, Henry Baker, and Ray Willis. We performed considerable research at the Library of Florida History, University of Florida. As always, Directress Elizabeth Alexander and Bruce Cliapell and Stephen Kerber of her staff were generous with their facilities and their knowledge of the collections of the Library. Dr. Helen Armstrong of the University of Florida Map Library allowed us to make copies of the Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps of Bunnell for which we are most grateful. We would also like to thank the staff of the Bureau of Historic Preservation, especially Carl Shiver, Fred Gaske, and Michael Wisen6aker, ·· who provided technical assistance and administrative support throughout the project. We must also credit Suzanne Walker, Chief of the Bureau of Historic Preservation; George Percy, Director of the Division of Historic Resources; and former Secretary of State George Firestone for their leadership in moving Florida to the forefront of historic preservation in the United States. Finally, we must acknowledge the residents of Flagler County who answered our questions and permitted the site inspections that we made and the photographs which we took. We hope the survey will serve its intended role in the preservation of their county's cultural legacy. Flagler iv •TALLAHASSEE ORLANDO • MILES 0 50 100 0 Location of Flagler County Figure 1 SURVEY CRITERIA All surveys conducted in association with the Division of Historic Resources, Florida Department of State, utilize the criteria for placement of historic properties on the National Register of Historic Places as a basis for site evaluations. In this way, the survey results can be used as an authoritative data bank for those agencies required to comply with both state and federal preservation regulations. The criteria are worded in a subjective manner in order to provide for the diversity of resources in the United States. The following is taken from criteria published by United States Department of the Interior to evaluate properties for possible inclusion in the National Register. Criteria for Evaluation The quality of significance in American history, architecture, archaeology, and culture is present in districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association, and: A) that are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to broad patterns of our history; or B) that are associated with the lives of persons significant in the past; or C) that embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or D) that have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in pre-history or history. Certain properties shall not ordinarily be considered for inclusion in the National Register. They include cemeteries, birthplaces or graves of historical figures, properties owned by religious institutions or used for religious purposes, structures that have been moved from their original locations, reconstructed historic buildings, properties primarily commemorative in nature, and properties that have achieved significance within the past fifty years. However, such properties will qualify if they are integral parts of districts that do meet the criteria or if they fall within the following categories: A) a religious property deriving primary significance from architectural or artistic distinction or historical importance; or B) a building or structure from its original location but which is Flagler vi significant primarily for architectural value, or which is the surviving structure most importantly associated with a historic person or event; or C) a birthplace or grave of a historical figure of outstanding importance if there is no appropriate site or building directly associated with his productive life; or D) a cemetery which derives its primary significance from graves of persons of transcendent importance, from age, from distinctive design features, or from association with historic events; or E) a reconstructed building when accurately executed in a suitable environment and presented in a dignified manner as part of a restoration master plan, and when no other building or structure with the same association has survived; or F) a property primarily commemorative in intent if design, age, tradition, or symbolic value has invested it with its own historical significance; or G) a property achieving significance within the past fifty years if it is of exceptional importance. The Division of Historic Resources utilizes the same criteria in a somewhat less restrictive manner in selecting properties to be placed in the Florida
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