DOCSLIB.ORG

How Pumping Sands on NC Beaches

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
How Pumping Sands on NC Beaches The Risks of Renourishment: North Carolina Coastal Federation How pumping sand on North Carolina’s beaches can affect Sea Turtles, Mole Crabs and other Critters April 2002 Who We Are The North Carolina Coastal Federation (NCCF) is the state’s largest non-profit organization working to restore and protect the coast. NCCF headquarters are at 3609 Highway 24 in Ocean between Morehead City and Swansboro and are open Monday through Friday. The headquarters houses NCCF’s main offices, a nature shop, library, and information area. NCCF also operates a field office at 3806-B Park Avenue in Wilmington. For more information call 252-393-8185 or visit our website at www.nccoast.org. This report was written by Ted Wilgis, the Federation’s Cape Fear Coastkeeper, and edited by Frank Tursi, the Cape Lookout Coastkeeper, and Jim Stephenson, Program Analyst. All are closely monitoring beach renourishment projects in North Carolina during the time covered in this report. Wilgis and Tursi also took all of the photographs. Cover Photo Bulldozers work the new sand being pumped onto the beach at Fort Macon State Park in Carteret County. 2 Index Executive Summary.................................................4 Recommendations....................................................5 Background..............................................................6 Sea Turtles ........................................................ 7-11 Mole Crabs and Other Critters...............................12 Other Effects ..........................................................13 Monitoring .............................................................14 Appendix................................................................15 3 The Risks of Renourishment How Pumping Sand on North Carolina’s Beaches Can Affect Sea Turtles, Mole Crabs and other Critters Executive Summary Only time will tell if the renourished hough the evidence is still coming beach will be good turtle habitat. in, many scientists, government The type of material being pumped onto T officials, fishermen and the beach also became an issue during a environmentalists are beginning to worry renourishment project in Carteret County about the cumulative effects that after scientists warned that portions of widespread beach renourishment may the new beach contained so much shell have on a wide variety of animals that that turtles couldn’t nest in it and the use the beaches for food, nesting and invertebrates that comprise the basis of habitat. the food chain couldn’t live in it. That project highlighted the need for Projects along the NC coast within the including specific requirements in state last year showed that beach and federal permits about the type of renourishment could be very hazardous sand that should be used in to the survival of endangered or renourishment projects. threatened sea turtles, for instance. Four were sucked up by a dredge and killed in Such issues will only become more one day during a project in Carteret important if beach renourishment County. Another turtle was killed by a becomes a common strategy to combat dredge in New Hanover County. erosion in North Carolina. Sand could be pumped onto more than 122 miles of Pumping sand onto the beaches during state’s oceanfront in the next 12 years, a the turtle-nesting season also can be four-fold increase in the miles of beach precarious for turtles. Some abandoned now being maintained. Such large-scale efforts to nest last year after hitting pipes manipulation could pose serious on the beach. Sand that contained too consequences for the clams, crabs and much rocks and shells deterred others, other organisms that so many fish rely the data showed. A beach in Brunswick on for food, for nesting sea turtles and County purportedly renourished to create birds that depend on the state’s beaches nesting habitat for turtles is now dotted to survive, and for the public that uses with steep cliffs at the water’s edge that the beaches to fish, swim and build sand turtles may have a tough time climbing castles. over and is littered with chunks of marl that could hinder a nesting turtle. 4 Recommendations turtle nesting starts on May 1 and ends on Nov. 15. he NC Coastal Federation generally doesn’t oppose beach • Require that hopper dredging stop T renourishment if it is part of a when waters rise above 58 degrees to multi-faceted strategy to deal with avoid killing sea turtles. oceanfront erosion and is properly planned, done in environmentally and • Require that sand used in each fiscally sound ways and assures public project closely match the natural access to the beach. A fuller explanation sand in grain size, color and shell of the Federation’s policy can be found and silt content. The current state on our website at: requirement that renourished sand be “compatible” with existing sand is www.nccoast.org/SOC2001/BeachReno too vague to afford adequate urishment.htm protection to natural resources. North Carolina should adopt sand The beach renourishment projects done compatibility standards similar to in North Carolina in 2001 and 2002, ones in Florida that protect turtle though, point to severe weaknesses in nesting habitat. the state’s permitting requirements. The NC Division of Coastal Management, • Result in project sponsors which has a mandate to protect the monitoring biological activity on the natural resources of the state’s public section of beach proposed for beaches, and the project’s sponsors renourishment at least one year in should insist that beach-renourishment each of four seasons before the permits: project and two years after renourishment. The monitoring • Require that construction periods should include at a minimum begin Dec.1 and end March 31. population counts of shorebirds, fish Construction activities can kill and invertebrates on the beach and at wildlife, prevent them from foraging the borrow zones. Monitoring of sea or deter them from nesting. Beach turtle nesting activity should occur invertebrates, such as mole crabs and for a minimum of six years after a coquina clam, migrate to deeper renourishment project. water in November from where they can return to a renourished beach • Make clear that projects are not once the project is completed. These exempt from water quality standards organisms are smothered by new for turbidity and fecal coliform sand if the project begins before their bacteria. Existing regulations migration. Also during November, prohibit permits from being issued if there is significant fish activity it is known up-front that projects will feeding on bottom invertebrates at violate these standards. If planned the dredge sites. April is the peak of measures to prevent violations do not invertebrate recruitment and work, appropriate enforcement is shorebird migration and an important needed. period for larval recruitment. Sea 5 Bulldozers push sand to make dunes at Holden Beach. Background and, shells, rocks, and silt were were or will be replenished with dredge dredged and pumped on more than spoils. S 36 miles of beaches in North Carolina in 2001 and early 2002. The This includes: about four miles on sand came primarily from offshore Figure 8 Island, almost three miles of mining or the dredging of inlets, harbors Wrightsville Beach and Masonboro or the Intracoastal Waterway. Island, about one mile of Carolina Increasingly, though, upland sources of Beach, about three miles of Kure Beach, sand are being used. about three miles of Bald Head Island, 12 miles of Caswell Beach/Oak Island, The US Army Corps of Engineers now five miles of Holden Beach, and three has long-term projects at Wrightsville miles of Ocean Isle Beach. Beach, Carolina Beach, Kure Beach and new this past year, Ocean Isle Beach. Sources of sand include: Shallotte, The beaches are renourished every three Carolina, Mason, Masonboro and Rich’s to five years for 50 years. There are inlets; the Wilmington Harbor another dozen or so beach towns in the Deepening Project; and some upland feasibility or design stage for the federal sources. program. Those projects combined with others planned by private property About seven miles of beaches on Bogue owners and the state could mean that Banks in Carteret County were also more than 122 miles of beaches would renourished in 2002 with dredge spoils be renourished in the next 12 years. That taken offshore. comprises almost two-fifths of North Carolina’s 320-mile ocean coastline. During 2001 and 2002, portions of nearly every developed beach in Brunswick and New Hanover Counties 6 Sea Turtles ndangered and threatened sea Studies have shown that the number of turtles could be particularly at risk turtle nests decreases on a renourished E during and after beach beach. At times, turtles can’t crawl up renourishment projects. The loggerhead the beach because of the small but steep (Caretta caretta), green (Chelonia escarpments, or cliffs, that sometimes mydas), kemp’s ridley (Lepidochelys form after sand has been pumped on the kempii) and leatherback (Dermochelys beach. The sand may also contain too coriacea) sea turtles frequent the waters much silt, shell or rock fragments that off North Carolina. Many of the state’s harden over time, making it difficult for beaches, from May to mid-November, the turtles to dig their nests. This are prime nesting grounds for incompatible material in the sand may loggerheads, a threatened species, and also affect the eggs as they incubate and less commonly for green turtles. the hatchlings ability to escape from the nest. The turtles spend most of their lives in the water where they face numerous Renourishment projects during the hazards. They can drown in a fish net, nesting season between May and choke on trash, get run over by boats, or November 15 also affects sea turtles. get sucked up in a dredge. Every few Nesting behavior in females may be years, a female turtle crawls ashore, changed because of construction lights instinctively returning to the same beach and activity on the beach. The females where she was born. There, she digs a may not nest at all, abandon their eggs in hole up to two feet deep and lays about the ocean or nest in unsuitable areas.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sorted by Facility Type.Xlsm
    Basic Facility Type Facility Name Miles AVG Time In HRS Street Address City State Contact information Comments Known activities (from Cary) Comercial Facility Ace Adventures 267 5 hrs or less Minden Road Oak Hill WV Kayaking/White Water East Coast Greenway Association American Tobacco Trail 25 1 hr or less Durham NC http://triangletrails.org/american- Biking/hiking Military Bases Annapolis Military Academy 410 more than 6 hrs Annapolis MD camping/hiking/backpacking/Military History National Park Service Appalachian Trail 200 5 hrs or less Damascus VA Various trail and entry/exit points Backpacking/Hiking/Mountain Biking Comercial Facility Aurora Phosphate Mine 150 4 hrs or less 400 Main Street Aurora NC SCUBA/Fossil Hunting North Carolina State Park Bear Island 142 3 hrs or less Hammocks Beach Road Swannsboro NC Canoeing/Kayaking/fishing North Carolina State Park Beaverdam State Recreation Area 31 1 hr or less Butner NC Part of Falls Lake State Park Mountain Biking Comercial Facility Black River 90 2 hrs or less Teachey NC Black River Canoeing Canoeing/Kayaking BSA Council camps Blue Ridge Scout Reservation-Powhatan 196 4 hrs or less 2600 Max Creek Road Hiwassee (24347) VA (540) 777-7963 (Shirley [email protected] camping/hiking/copes Neiderhiser) course/climbing/biking/archery/BB City / County Parks Bond Park 5 1 hr or less Cary NC Canoeing/Kayaking/COPE/High ropes Church Camp Camp Agape (Lutheran Church) 45 1 hr or less 1369 Tyler Dewar Lane Duncan NC Randy Youngquist-Thurow Must call well in advance to schedule Archery/canoeing/hiking/
    [Show full text]
  • Lacustrine Coquinas and Hybrid Deposits from Rift Phase Pre-Salt
    Journal of South American Earth Sciences 95 (2019) 102254 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of South American Earth Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jsames Lacustrine coquinas and hybrid deposits from rift phase: Pre-Salt, lower T Cretaceous, Campos Basin, Brazil Vinicius Carbone Bernardes de Oliveiraa,b,*, Carlos Manuel de Assis Silvaa, Leonardo Fonseca Borghib, Ismar de Souza Carvalhob a Petrobras Research and Development Center (CENPES), Avenida Horacio de Macedo, 950, Ilha do Fundao – Cidade Universitaria, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21949-915, Brazil b Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciencias Matematicas e da Natureza, Instituto de Geociencias, Departamento de Geologia, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Geologia, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 274, Bloco F, Ilha do Fundao – Cidade Universitaria, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21949-900, Brazil ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: This study presents a facies characterization, facies succession and conceptual depositional model of the Pre-salt Coqueiros Formation, Lower Cretaceous of Campos Basin, based on core analyses of two wells. WELL-1 is a Rift sedimentation shallow water drilling located at south of Campos Basin within the Badejo structural high, and WELL-2 is an ultra Coquinas deep water drilling located at north, over the “External High”. Ten carbonate facies, three siliciclastic facies, two Hybrid deposits magnesium clay mineral rich facies and two hybrid facies were identified. The carbonate facies were defined as Lower cretaceous rudstone, grainstone, packstone and mud supported carbonate rock, composed of bivalves, ostracods, and rare gastropods. Bivalve shells, mostly disarticulated with distinct degrees of fragmentation, characterized the main components of the ten carbonate facies.
    [Show full text]
  • North Carolina STATE PARKS
    North Carolina STATE PARKS North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development Division of State Parks North Carolina State Parks A guide to the areas set aside and maintained taining general information about the State as State Parks for the enjoyment of North Parks as a whole and brief word-and-picture Carolina's citizens and their guests — con- descriptions of each. f ) ) ) ) YOUR STATE PARKS THE STATE PARKS described in this well planned, well located, well equipped and booklet are the result of planning and well maintained State Parks are a matter of developing over a number of years. justifiable pride in which every citizen has Endowed by nature with ideal sites that a share. This is earned by your cooperation range from the shores of the Atlantic Ocean in observing the lenient rules and leaving the to the tops of the Blue Ridge Mountains, facilities and grounds clean and orderly. the State has located its State Parks for easy Keep this guide book for handy reference- access as well as for varied appeal. They use your State Parks year 'round for health- offer a choice of homelike convenience and ful recreation and relaxation! comfort in sturdy, modern facilities . the hardy outdoor life of tenting and camp cook- Amos R. Kearns, Chairman ing ... or the quick-and-easy freedom of a Hugh M. Morton, Vice Chairman day's picnicking. The State Parks offer excel- Walter J. Damtoft lent opportunities for economical vacations— Eric W. Rodgers either in the modern, fully equipped vacation Miles J. Smith cabins or in the campgrounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Upper Ordovician and Silurian Stratigraphy in Sequatchie Valley and Parts of the Adjacent Valley and Ridge, Tennessee
    Upper Ordovician and Silurian Stratigraphy in Sequatchie Valley and Parts of the Adjacent Valley and Ridge, Tennessee GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 996 Prepared in cooperation with the Tennessee Division of Geology Upper Ordovician and Silurian Stratigraphy in Sequatchie Valley and Parts of the Adjacent Valley and Ridge, Tennessee By ROBERT C. MILICI and HELMUTH WEDOW, JR. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 996 Prepared in cooperation with the Tennessee Division of Geology UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 1977 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR CECIL D. ANDRUS, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Milici, Robert C 1931- Upper Ordovician and Silurian stratigraphy in Sequatchie Valley and parts of the adjacent valley and ridge, Tennessee. (Geological Survey professional paper; 996) Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.16:996 1. Geology, Stratigraphic--Ordovician. 2. Geology, Stratigraphic--Silurian. 3. Geology--Tennessee--Sequatchie Valley. 4. Geology--Tennessee--Chattanooga region. I. Wedow, Helmuth, 1917- joint author. II: Title. Upper Ordovician and Silurian stratigraphy in Sequatchie Valley .... III. Series: United States. Geological Survey. Professional paper; 996. QE660.M54 551.7'310976877 76-608170 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Stock Number 024-001-03002·1 CONTENTS Page Abstract 1 Introduction -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • CEDAR ISLAND NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Carteret County, North Carolina
    COMPREHENSIVE CONSERVATION PLAN CEDAR ISLAND NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Carteret County, North Carolina U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region 1875 Century Blvd. Atlanta, Georgia 30345 September 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION A. COMPREHENSIVE CONSERVATION PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................1 CHAPTER I. BACKGROUND ..............................................................................................................1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................1 Purpose of and Need for the Plan ................................................................................................1 Fish and Wildlife Service ..............................................................................................................2 The National Wildlife Refuge System ...........................................................................................2 Refuges of the Ecosystem ..................................................................................................3 Legal Policy Context.....................................................................................................................3 National Conservation Plans and Initiatives .................................................................................4 Relationship to State Partners......................................................................................................4
    [Show full text]
  • North Carolina's State Parks: Disregarded and in Disrepair
    North Carolina's State Parks: Disregarded and in Disrepair By Bill Krueger and Mike McLaughlin More than seven million people visit North Carolina's state parks and recreation areas each year-solid evidence that the public supports its state park system. But for years, North Carolina has routinely shown up at or near the bottom in funding for parks, and its per capita operating budget currently ranks 49th in the nation. Some parks are yet to be opened to the public due to lack of facilities, and parts of other parks are closed because existing facilities are in a woeful state of disrepair. Indeed, parks officials have identified more than $113 million in capital and repair needs, nearly twice as much as has been spent on the parks in the system's 73-year history. Just recently, the state has begun making a few more gestures toward improving park spending. But the question remains: Will the state commit the resources needed to overcome decades of neglect? patrol two separate sections of the park, pick up highway in the narrowing strip of unde- trash, clean restrooms and bathhouses, and main- veloped property that separates the bus- tain dozens of deteriorating buildings . "I've got a Wedgedtling citiesbetween of Raleigh aninterstate and Durhamanda major lies a total of 166 buildings - most of them built between refuge from commercialization called William B. 1933 and 1943," says Littrell. "I've got buildings Umstead State Park. with five generations of patches- places where The 5,400-acre oasis has become an easy re- patches were put on the patches that were holding treat to nature in the midst of booming growth.
    [Show full text]
  • North Carolina Parks for Kids
    north carolina parks for kids 1. Great Smoky Mountains National Park Hike to the observation platform on the top of Cling- mans Dome or lean about history in the Mountain Farm Museum. Ride your bike along Cades Cove Buddy Bison’s Loop then go fishing or look for salamanders! Fact Bites! 2. Grandfather Mountain Look out for owls and other birds of prey and see • North Carolina is the leading rare wildflowers. Hike over the mile high swinging producer of sweet potatoes in bridge or tour the nature museum. the United States. The vegetable is a native crop to the state and 3. Pisgah National Forest 6. Hammocks Beach State Park www.parktrust.org in 1995, it was recognized as the Explore the park’s waterfalls, including Sliding Rock, Kayak, canoe, or paddleboard to Bear Island. Build Official Vegetable of the state! a 60-foot natural water slide! Fish along the French a sand castle or enjoy a picnic. Go fishing, take the Broad River and picnic. Check out the Visitor Center ferry, and look for -- but don’t disturb -- the logger- and learn about this “Cradle of Forestry!” head turtles! • The state’s slogan is “First in Flight”. The Wright brothers brought this honor with their 4. Hanging Rock State Park 7. Fort Macon State Park first launch of a mechanically Dip your feet in the waters at the base of the Lower Go to the Visitor Center to learn about local ecology then learn about the history of the fort on propelled airplane in 1903. Cascades Waterfall then check out the view from the Observation Tower.
    [Show full text]
  • White Oakriver
    RIVER WHITE OAK BASIN Tucked between the eastern portions of the Neuse and Cape Fear river basins, the White Oak River Basin abounds with coastal and freshwater wetlands. The basin includes four separate river systems, or subbasins, that feed into highly productive estuaries of Back, Core and Bogue sounds. profile: Core Sound produces the most valuable Total miles of streams and rivers: seafood catch in the basin, followed by 446 Bogue Sound and the Newport River. Total acres of The New River subbasin (not to be confused estuary: 130,009 with the New River Basin in the northwestern Total miles of part of the state) is the largest and most populated of the White Oak River Basin. It contains coastline: 91 the city of Jackson ville and the U.S. Marine Corps base at Camp Lejeune. But the basin draws Municipalities its name from the White Oak River, a remote, scenic, 48-mile river that spills into Bogue Sound within basin: 16 past the picturesque town of Swansboro. Still farther east is the basin’s Newport River, which Counties begins near Havelock and flows into the eastern end of Bogue Sound. The shortest and eastern - within basin: 4 most river in the basin is the North River, which empties into Back Sound near Harkers Island. Size: 1,264 square miles Forest and wetlands—both privately and publicly owned—cover almost half the basin. More Population: than 80,000 acres of the Croatan National Forest lie within the White Oak River Basin. It 150,501 hosts the largest population of carnivorous plants of any national forest and is the second largest (2000 U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • GROUND-WATER RESOURCES of FLAGLER COUNTY, FLORIDA by A.S
    GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF FLAGLER COUNTY, FLORIDA By A.S. Navoy and L.A. Bradner U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4021 Prepared in cooperation with FLAGLER COUNTY and the ST. JOHNS RIVER WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT Tallahassee, Florida 1987 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL MODEL, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director For additional information Copies of this report can write to: be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Books and Open-File Reports Section Suite 3015 Federal Center, Bldg. 810 227 North Bronough Street Box 25425 Tallahassee, Florida 32301 Denver, Colorado 80225 CONTENTS Page Abstract............................................................. 1 Introduction......................................................... 2 Purpose and scope............................................... 2 Previous investigations.......................................... 2 Acknowledgments................................................. 4 Environmental setting........................... ..................... 4 Physiography and drainage....................................... 4 Rainfall and evapotranspiration................................. 6 Geology......................................................... 6 Hydrogeology......................................................... 8 Aquifers........................................................ 8 Upper Floridan aquifer..................................... 8 Intermediate aquifer system...............................
    [Show full text]
  • Seismic Facies/Geometries of the Pre-Salt Limestone Units and Newly-Identified Exploration Trends Within the Santos and Campos Basins, Brazil
    Seismic facies/geometries of the pre-salt limestone units and newly-identified exploration trends within the Santos and Campos basins, Brazil Senira Kattah *, PGS Petroleum Geo-Services Yermek Balabekov, PGS Petroleum Geo-Services Copyright 2015, SBGf - Sociedade Brasileira de Geofísica exploration targets in the pre-salt succession of Campos and Santos basins, proven by successful performance This paper was prepared for presentation during the 14th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, August 3-6, 2015. tests on Búzios and Libra discoveries. Contents of this paper were reviewed by the Technical Committee of the 14th The pre-salt hydrocarbon play fairway extends from the International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society and do not necessarily represent any position of the SBGf, its officers or members. Electronic reproduction or Santos basin in the south through the Campos basin to storage of any part of this paper for commercial purposes without the written consent the north, possibly reaching the Espirito Santo Basin. It is of the Brazilian Geophysical Society is prohibited. ____________________________________________________________________ approximately 800 km from SW to NE and 200 km from NW to SE, extending into water depths exceeding 2,000 Abstract m. The NE trend approximates to the crustal extension of Based on preliminary seismic/geological the Early Cretaceous rift fabric, whereas the NW trend interpretation of nearly 36,000 sq. km of 3D PSDM reflects transfer/accomodation zones with transpression surveys and analogies with the pre-salt hydrocarbon and/or transtension regimes, mostly active during late commercial and sub-commercial discoveries, this phases of the rift development.
    [Show full text]
  • Class G Tables of Geographic Cutter Numbers: Maps -- by Region Or
    G3862 SOUTHERN STATES. REGIONS, NATURAL G3862 FEATURES, ETC. .C55 Clayton Aquifer .C6 Coasts .E8 Eutaw Aquifer .G8 Gulf Intracoastal Waterway .L6 Louisville and Nashville Railroad 525 G3867 SOUTHEASTERN STATES. REGIONS, NATURAL G3867 FEATURES, ETC. .C5 Chattahoochee River .C8 Cumberland Gap National Historical Park .C85 Cumberland Mountains .F55 Floridan Aquifer .G8 Gulf Islands National Seashore .H5 Hiwassee River .J4 Jefferson National Forest .L5 Little Tennessee River .O8 Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail 526 G3872 SOUTHEAST ATLANTIC STATES. REGIONS, G3872 NATURAL FEATURES, ETC. .B6 Blue Ridge Mountains .C5 Chattooga River .C52 Chattooga River [wild & scenic river] .C6 Coasts .E4 Ellicott Rock Wilderness Area .N4 New River .S3 Sandhills 527 G3882 VIRGINIA. REGIONS, NATURAL FEATURES, ETC. G3882 .A3 Accotink, Lake .A43 Alexanders Island .A44 Alexandria Canal .A46 Amelia Wildlife Management Area .A5 Anna, Lake .A62 Appomattox River .A64 Arlington Boulevard .A66 Arlington Estate .A68 Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee Memorial .A7 Arlington National Cemetery .A8 Ash-Lawn Highland .A85 Assawoman Island .A89 Asylum Creek .B3 Back Bay [VA & NC] .B33 Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge .B35 Baker Island .B37 Barbours Creek Wilderness .B38 Barboursville Basin [geologic basin] .B39 Barcroft, Lake .B395 Battery Cove .B4 Beach Creek .B43 Bear Creek Lake State Park .B44 Beech Forest .B454 Belle Isle [Lancaster County] .B455 Belle Isle [Richmond] .B458 Berkeley Island .B46 Berkeley Plantation .B53 Big Bethel Reservoir .B542 Big Island [Amherst County] .B543 Big Island [Bedford County] .B544 Big Island [Fluvanna County] .B545 Big Island [Gloucester County] .B547 Big Island [New Kent County] .B548 Big Island [Virginia Beach] .B55 Blackwater River .B56 Bluestone River [VA & WV] .B57 Bolling Island .B6 Booker T.
    [Show full text]
  • Nc State Parks
    GUIDE TO NC STATE PARKS North Carolina’s first state park, Mount Mitchell, offers the same spectacular views today as it did in 1916. 42 OUR STATE GUIDE to the GREAT OUTDOORS North Carolina’s state parks are packed with opportunities: for adventure and leisure, recreation and education. From our highest peaks to our most pristine shorelines, there’s a park for everyone, right here at home. ACTIVITIES & AMENITIES CAMPING CABINS MILES 5 THAN MORE HIKING, RIDING HORSEBACK BICYCLING CLIMBING ROCK FISHING SWIMMING SHELTER PICNIC CENTER VISITOR SITE HISTORIC CAROLINA BEACH DISMAL SWAMP STATE PARK CHIMNEY ROCK STATE PARK SOUTH MILLS // Once a site of • • • CAROLINA BEACH // This coastal park is extensive logging, this now-protected CROWDERSMOUNTAIN • • • • • • home to the Venus flytrap, a carnivorous land has rebounded. Sixteen miles ELK KNOB plant unique to the wetlands of the of trails lead visitors around this • • Carolinas. Located along the Cape hauntingly beautiful landscape, and a GORGES • • • • • • Fear River, this secluded area is no less 2,000-foot boardwalk ventures into GRANDFATHERMOUNTAIN • • dynamic than the nearby Atlantic. the Great Dismal Swamp itself. HANGING ROCK (910) 458-8206 (252) 771-6593 • • • • • • • • • • • ncparks.gov/carolina-beach-state-park ncparks.gov/dismal-swamp-state-park LAKE JAMES • • • • • LAKE NORMAN • • • • • • • CARVERS CREEK STATE PARK ELK KNOB STATE PARK MORROW MOUNTAIN • • • • • • • • • WESTERN SPRING LAKE // A historic Rockefeller TODD // Elk Knob is the only park MOUNT JEFFERSON • family vacation home is set among the in the state that offers cross- MOUNT MITCHELL longleaf pines of this park, whose scenic country skiing during the winter. • • • • landscape spans more than 4,000 acres, Dramatic elevation changes create NEW RIVER • • • • • rich with natural and historical beauty.
    [Show full text]