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Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae) from a Coastal Drainage in Southeastern Brazil

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Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae) from a Coastal Drainage in Southeastern Brazil Neotropical Ichthyology, 14(4): e160015, 2016 Journal homepage: www.scielo.br/ni DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20160015 Published online: 22 December 2016 (ISSN 1982-0224) A new species of the catfish Neoplecostomus (Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae) from a coastal drainage in southeastern Brazil Arieli Matheus Cherobim1, Henrique Lazzarotto2 and Francisco Langeani1 A new species of loricariid catfish is described from the rio Perequê-Açú and surrounding basins, Parati, Rio de Janeiro State. The new species has the accessory process of ceratobranchial 1 more slender than the main body of the ceratobranchial, and a very large sesamoid ossification, markedly greater in size than the interhyal. Additionally, the new species presents a distinct dorsal color pattern consisting of a conspicuous horseshoe shaped light blotch with a central dark area posterior to the supraoccipital. Uma espécie nova de loricarídeo é descrita do rio Perequê-Açú e bacias circundantes, Parati, Rio de Janeiro. A espécie nova apresenta o processo acessório do ceratobranquial 1 mais delgado do que o corpo principal do ceratobranquial, e uma ossificação sesamoide muito grande, marcadamente maior em tamanho do que o interhial. Adicionalmente, a espécie nova apresenta um padrão de colorido dorsal distinto que consiste em uma conspícua mancha clara em forma de casco de cavalo com uma área escura no centro posterior ao supraoccipital. Keywords: Cascudos, Neoplecostomus microps, Perequê-Açú, Siluriformes, Taxonomy. Introduction Langeani (1990) recognized two valid species for the genus, Neoplecostomus microps (Steindachner, 1876) and Neoplecostomus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888 was N. granosus (Valenciennes, 1840), and described four new redescribed by Langeani (1990), who proposed the following species: N. paranensis from the upper rio Paraná basin, diagnostic features for the genus: two or three rows of well- N. espiritosantensis from streams of the eastern slopes developed papillae posterior to the dentary teeth, ventral of Serra do Mar (Espírito Santo State), N. ribeirensis portion of body partially covered by a shield composed from the rio Ribeira de Iguape basin (São Paulo State) of small plates between the pectoral and pelvic fins, and and N. franciscoensis from the rio São Francisco basin pectoral-fin locking mechanism absent. A phylogenetic (Minas Gerais State). Later, N. variipictus, from the rio analysis performed by Pereira (2008) using morphological Paraíba do Sul basin, was described by Bizerril (1995). data recovered Neoplecostomus as a monophyletic group Several new species were subsequently described for the supported by three exclusive synapomorphies: the pronunced upper rio Paraná basin: N. bandeirante Roxo, Oliveira dorsal curvature of the pectoral-fin’s unbranched ray, the small & Zawadzki, 2012c, N. botucatu Roxo, Oliveira & expansion of lateropteryium’s distal portion, the conspicuous Zawadzki, 2012c, N. corumba Zawadzki, Pavanelli & series of papillae posterior to the dentary teeth on the lower Langeani, 2008, N. jaguari Andrade & Langeani, 2014, lip. However, molecular studies have recovered the genus N. langeanii Roxo, Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2012c, N. as non-monophyletic, with Neoplecostomus ribeirensis selenae Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008 and N. Langeani, 1990 more closely related to Isbrueckerichthys yapo Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008. Roxo et al. Derijst, 1996 than to other nominal congeners (Cramer et al., (2014) described N. doceensis, the first species from the 2011; Roxo et al., 2012a; Roxo et al., 2012b). rio Doce basin. 1UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Laboratório de Ictiologia, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. (AMC) [email protected] (corresponding author), (FL) [email protected] 2Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, CCS, Bloco A, sala A-010 Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [email protected] 1 Neotropical Ichthyology, 14(4): e160015, 2016 2 A new species of Neoplecostomus Neoplecostomus currently comprises 15 species, Partial sequences of COI gene were amplified using primers with most occurring in streams draining the Brazilian L5698-ASN (5’- AGG CCT CGA TCC TAC AAA GKT TTA Crystalline Shield. The present work describes a new GTT AAC -3’; Inoue et al., 2001) and H7271-COI (5’- GTG species endemic to four small coastal drainages in the GTG GGC TCA TAC AAT AAA -3’; C. Oliveira, pers. comm.). State of Rio de Janeiro. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) profile was as follows: one initial cycle of 4 min at 94° C, followed by 35 Material and Methods cycles of 1 min at 94° C, 1 min at 46° C, 1 min at 72° C, and a final extension at 72° C for 5 min. The PCR products Measurements were taken point to point with digital were purified and both strands were sent for sequencing by calipers to the nearest 0.1 mm, on the left side, following MACROGEN Korea. Zawadzki et al. (2008). Specimens smaller than 50.0 Sequences were edited using the Seqman II (DNAStar, mm of SL, were not included in the morphometric and Inc., http://www.dnastar.com) and aligned by ClustalW in meristics analysis and are assigned as not measured. Plate MEGA 6.06 (Tamura et al., 2013). In genetic analyses, the counts followed Langeani (1990) and Zawadzki et al. model TN93+G was applied, as suggested by modeltest (2008), with additional counts of the lateral plate series, performed in MEGA 6.06 (Tamura et al., 2013). Levels following Schaefer (1997). Plates just below the pterotic- of gene divergence among the sequences were obtained in supracleithrum, surrounded by a naked area, were not MEGA 6.06 (Tamura et al., 2013) and a maximum-likelihood included in the counts of the lateral series. Plates were phylogenetic analysis (Swofford & Berlocher, 1987) was counted on the left side in both cleared and stained (c&s) and performed using PhyML v 3.0 (Guindon et al., 2010), with alcohol-preserved specimens. The former were prepared supported assessed by 1000 bootstrap replicates. Sequences of according to Taylor and Van Dyke (1985). Measurements COI obtained from GenBank for Neoplecostomus paranensis are presented as percentages of standard length (SL), head (Accession number EU179800.1) and Neoplecostomus length (HL) or other measurements (e.g. snout length/orbital ribeirensis (Accession number GQ225410.1), were used to diameter, interorbital lenght/orbital diameter, interorbital root the tree as outgroups. lenght/mandibullary width, predorsal length/first dorsal- The vouchers of the new species used in molecular fin ray length, caudal peduncle length/caudal peduncle analyses are deposited at DZSJRP under catalog numbers depth, pelvic-fin length/caudal peduncle depth, lower 13914-1, 13914-2 and 20433-1. Mitochondrial DNA caudal-fin spine/caudal peduncle depth). The presentation sequences from this work were deposited in GenBank of measurements includes minimum, maximum, mean and (accession codes KU550707 for N. paraty from rio Perequê- standard deviation. Counts are presented as ranges with Açú basin, KU608294 and KU608295 for N. microps from rio modes in parentheses. Vertebral counts included five from Paraíba do Sul basin, KU608296 for rio Guapi-Açu basin, and the Weberian apparatus and one from the hypural plate. KU608297 to KU608298 for those from the rio Macaé basin). Osteological analysis followed Pereira (2008). Institutional abbreviations are as follows: DZSJRP Results (Coleção de Peixes do Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Neoplecostomus paraty, new species Filho”, São José do Rio Preto-SP), LBP (Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Universidade Estadual urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7F969D50-0091-4515-928E- Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu-SP), MCP 155ECF67F5B7 (Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS), MNRJ Fig. 1 (Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ) and MZUSP (Museu de Zoologia da Neoplecostomus sp. Pereira et al., 2003: 8 (rio Carrasquinho below Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP). the Cachoeira do Tobogã, upper Perequê-Açú basin, collected Fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c with Hemipsilichthys nimius). subunit I (COI) gene were sequenced from N. microps from Neoplecostomus parati Malabarba & Lundberg, 2007: 264 (MCP rio Paraíba do Sul basin at Silveiras, São Paulo State (four 32149, name listed in comparative material, not satisfying specimens), Cunha, São Paulo State (one), the rio Guapi- provisions of Article 13 of ICZN; a nomen nudum, not available). Açu basin, Rio de Janeiro State (seven), and from rio Macaé Neoplecostomus P sp. n. Pereira, 2008: 28 (species included in basin, Rio de Janeiro State (five). The same region was phylogenetic analysis). sequenced from three specimens of the new species from rio Pereque-Açú, Parati in Rio de Janeiro State. Total DNA was Holotype. DZSJRP 20429, 82.2 mm SL, male, Brazil, Rio de extracted from muscle tissue using the salting out method Janeiro State, Parati Municipality, coastal drainage, rio Perequê- adapted from Miller et al. (1988). The extracted DNA was Açú affluent, stream on the road Parati-Cunha, Serra da Bocaina precipitated with sodium acetate and ethanol, re-suspended National Park, 23°11’54”S 44°49’48”W, altitude 378 m, 27 May in 50 μL of ultrapure water, and stored at -20°C.
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