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Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Coastal Basins of Espírito Santo, Eastern Brazil

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Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Coastal Basins of Espírito Santo, Eastern Brazil Neotropical Ichthyology, 10(3):539-546, 2012 Copyright © 2012 Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia A new species of the Neoplecostomine catfish Pareiorhaphis (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Coastal basins of Espírito Santo, Eastern Brazil Edson H. L. Pereira1, Pablo Lehmann A.2 and Roberto E. Reis1 Pareiorhaphis ruschii, new species, is the first neoplecostomine catfish of the genus Pareiorhaphis described based on material from tributaries to the rio Piraquê-Açu and rio Reis Magos, both small coastal drainages in the State of Espírito Santo, eastern Brazil. The new species is promptly diagnosed from all its congeners by features related to the morphology of the lower lip margin, number of preadipose azygous plates, size and shape of the pectoral-fin spine, and caudal-fin skeleton. Additionally, sexual dimorphism of the new species is marked by hypertrophied odontodes on the lateral margins of head slightly directed forward in adult males. Pareiorhaphis ruschii, espécie nova, é o primeiro cascudo neoplecostomíneo do gênero Pareiorhaphis descrito de afluentes dos rios Piraquê-Açu e Reis Magos, ambos pequenas bacias costeiras do estado do Espírito Santo, leste do Brasil. A espécie nova é prontamente diagnosticada de todas as demais congêneres por caracteres relacionados à morfologia da margem do lábio inferior, número de placas ázigas pré-adiposas, forma e tamanho do raio não ramificado das nadadeiras peitorais e forma do esqueleto da nadadeira caudal. O dimorfismo sexual da espécie nova é marcado pelos odontódeos hipertrofiados na margem lateral da cabeça que são ligeiramente orientados anteriormente em machos adultos. Key words: Cascudos, Neotropical, Rio Piraquê-Açu, Rio Reis Magos, Taxonomy. Introduction stephanus (Oliveira & Oyakawa, 1999), from the upper rio Jequitinhonha, a large coastal river in Minas Gerais State. The first six species of what is currently known as The first species described from the large rivers draining Pareiorhaphis were described from 1907 to 1951, from a the Brazilian Shield towards the west was Pareiorhaphis geographic area that encompasses most of the current vestigipinnis (Pereira & Reis, 1992), from the upper rio Canoas geographic range of Pareiorhaphis. Such an area spans from in southern Santa Catarina. Other species from large rivers on the coastal rio Tubarão in southern Santa Catarina State to the Brazilian Shield were described in subsequent years: P. small coastal drainages near Ilheus Municipality in Bahia State, mutuca (Oliveira & Oyakawa, 1999) from the upper rio das the species being P. cameroni (Steindachner, 1907), P. garbei Velhas in the São Francisco basin, and P. eurycephalus, form (Ihering, 1911), P. steindachneri (Miranda Ribeiro, 1918), P. the upper rio Canoas, and P. hystrix, from the upper Uruguay regani (Giltay, 1936), P. bahianus (Gosline, 1947), and P. cerosus and Taquari basins in Rio Grande do Sul State, by Pereira & (Miranda Ribeiro, 1951). With the exception of Pareiorhaphis Reis (2002), thus extending the southern end of the distribution regani from the rio Curicuriari of the upper rio Negro in the of the genus a few hundred kilometers. Amazon, a possibly wrong locality (see Pereira & Reis, 2002), In more recent years, Pareiorhaphis parmula was described those species inhabit small coastal drainages in a rather patchy (Pereira, 2005) from the upper rio Iguaçu, and P. nasuta and P. distribution. After an interval of more than 40 years, the scutula by Pereira et al. (2007, 2010), from the upper rio Doce in completion of such distribution in small coastal drainages Minas Gerais State, comprising the first records of a continued through the descriptions of P. splendens (Bizerril, Pareiorhaphis species in such river basins. In the present paper 1995), P. nudulus (Reis & Pereira, 1999), and P. azygolechis, P. we describe another species of Pareiorhaphis from the coastal hypselurus, and P. stomias by Pereira & Reis (2002), all from the rivers Piraquê-Açu and Reis Magos, two small coastal rivers of coastal rivers of Santa Catarina and Paraná States, and P. the Espírito Santo State. Even with the description of the 1Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Av. Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [email protected]; [email protected] 2Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Laboratório de Ictiologia, Av. Unisinos 950, 93022-000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. [email protected] 539 540 A new species of Neoplecostomine catfish from Eastern Brazil twentieth species in Pareiorhaphis, the distribution of the Paratypes. Brazil: Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa, rio Piraquê-Açu genus on the Brazilian coastal drainages and rivers draining drainage: MCP 44807, 25, 33.6-96.7 mm SL (14, 51.7-96.7 mm SL) the Brazilian Shield is rather patchy and the knowledge of the + 2 c&s, 53.1-61.8 mm SL, collected with the holotype. MCP actual diversity of the genus is still being established. 41867, 5, 34.8-90.5 mm SL (3, 57.9-90.5 mm SL + 1 c&s 73.4 mm SL), córrego Lombardia, near the Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, 9 Mar 2005, R. L. Teixeira. MCP 27678, 3, 49.6-64.2 mm SL (1, Material and Methods 64.2 mm SL), MCP 41814, 3, 53.2-65.2 mm SL (2, 61.1-65.2 mm SL), and MBML 3374, 4, 51.6-74.4 mm SL (3, 64.4-74.4 mm SL), Comparative data from all Pareiorhaphis species were taken córrego Lombardia, near the Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, directly from the type specimens (see comparative material). 19°52’42”S 40°32’15”W, 12 Feb 2001, R. L. Teixeira. MCP 41790, Counts and measurements were taken as described by Pereira et 4, 52.1-80.5 mm SL (3, 67.4-80.5 mm SL), córrego Lombardia, near al. (2007). Counts of procurrent caudal-fin rays and vertebrae the Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, 15 Sep 2003, R. L. Teixeira. were made only in cleared and counterstained specimens (c&s) MCP 41871, 3, 23.5-75.7 mm SL (1, 75.7 mm SL), córrego Lombardia, near the Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, 19°52’30”S prepared according to Taylor & van Dyke (1985). Vertebral counts 40°32’10”W, 6 Oct 2003, R. L. Teixeira. MZUSP 23813 (1, 63.8 include five centra in the Weberian Apparatus and the fused mm SL), córrego Lombardia, 2 Apr 1969, MZUSP Expedition. pre-ural centrum. Nomenclature and counts for body plates follow Schaefer (1997). Specimens examined belong to the following Additional non-type specimens. Brazil, Espírito Santo, Santa institutions: Auburn University, Auburn (AUM); Natural History Teresa, rio Reis Magos drainage: MCP 29508, 4, 31.4-87.7 mm SL, Museum, London (BMNH); Institut Royal des Sciences rio da Penha at Sítio do Rubinho, rio Timbuí basin, 24 Oct 2001, R. Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels (IRSNB); Laboratório de L. Teixeira. MCP 34411, 3, 34.4-76.7 mm SL, córrego Valão de São Ictiologia de Ribeirão Preto, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Lourenço, rio Timbuí basin, 24 Jul 2002, R. L. Teixeira. MCP 41811, 1, 98.8 mm SL, rio Santo Antônio da Penha at Sítio Águas Claras, Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto rio Timbuí basin, Dec 2004, R. M. Pizziolo. MCP 27320, 1, 40.4 (LIRP); Museu de Biologia Melo Leitão, Santa Teresa (MBML); mm SL, córrego Santo Antônio, 12 Oct 2000, R. L. Teixeira. MCP Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica 41783, 1, 45.4 mm SL, rio Timbuí at Penha, 1997, R. L. Teixeira. do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (MCP); Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ); Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Diagnosis. Pareiorhaphis ruschii differs from all congeners Paulo, São Paulo (MZUSP); Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna except P. azygolechis, in having the lower lip margin densely (NMW); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre fringed (Fig. 1; vs. smooth or just slightly fringed). The new (UFRGS); and Zoologische Staatssammlung, München (ZSM). species can be further distinguished from all other Pareiorhaphis All morphometric features were measured with digital calipers to species but P. garbei and P. azygolechis in having a series of six the nearest 0.1 mm and were made from point to point under a to ten (usually seven to nine) small median, preadipose azygous stereomicroscope. Standard length is expressed in millimeters plates, forming a low postdorsal ridge between the dorsal and while all other measurements are given as percents of standard the adipose fins (Fig. 2, vs. none to five preadipose plates). length, except for subunits of the head, which are presented as Pareiorhaphis ruschii is further distinguished from all remaining percents of the head length. Descriptions of coloration were species except P. calmoni, P. bahianus, P. nudulus, P. based on specimens preserved in ethanol. In the lists of examined hypselurus, and P. stomias by having the pectoral-fin spine very material museum abbreviation and catalog number come first, long and straight, reaching the distal third of the pelvic fin when followed by the number and SL range of specimens in that lot, adpressed in adult males (Fig. 1, vs. spine short and curved and the number and SL range of specimens measured for the maximally reaching half of the pelvic-fin length). It is also morphometric comparisons, in parentheses, and locality. differentiated from most species, except P. eurycephalus, P. Adult males of Pareiorhaphis are herein defined as hypselurus, P. stomias, and P. stephanus by having the hypural specimens having distinctive modifications that involve the plate asymmetrical with the lower lobe longer than the upper shape of the pectoral-fin spine, hypertrophied odontodes along (Fig. 3, vs. hypural plate approximately symmetrical). the head margins, and fleshy lobes on the lateral margins of head, although not necessarily in reproductive maturity. The Description. Counts and proportional measurements in Table 1.
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