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Download PDF (Inglês) Biota Neotropica 20(4): e20200994, 2020 www.scielo.br/bn ISSN 1676-0611 (online edition) Inventory Ichthyofauna from “serranias costeiras” of the Ribeira de Iguape River basin, Southeast Brazil Mauricio Cetra1* , George Mattox2 , Perla Bahena Romero3, Stephanie Hernández Escobar3, Euriluce Aparecida Guimarães3 & Rubens Antonio Felipe Turin1 1Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Sorocaba, SP, Brasil. 2Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Biologia, Sorocaba, SP, Brasil. 3Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Uso de Recursos Renováveis, Sorocaba, SP, Brasil. *Corresponding author: Mauricio Cetra, e-mail: [email protected] CETRA, M., MATTOX, G., ROMERO, P.B., ESCOBAR, S.H., GUIMARÃES, E.A., TURIN, R.A.F. Ichthyofauna from “serranias costeiras” of the Ribeira de Iguape River basin, Southeast Brazil. Biota Neotropica 20(4): e20200094. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2020-0994 Abstract: The Ribeira de Iguape River basin has about 100 fish species. This study aimed to characterize the fish community from “serranias costeiras” of the Ribeira de Iguape River basin. Samplings were conducted with electrofishing during the dry season in the years 2018-2019. The sampling effort consisted of 30 streams stretches. As a result, 50 species were captured, distributed in 37 genera, 11 families, and six orders. The species richness estimate (SChao1) was 57 species, and the coverage estimate for the entire data set was C = 0.998. Harttia kronei and Chasmocranus lopezae are endemic species and can be used as bioindicators of streams in this river basin. We captured approximately nine species by stream stretch. Beta diversity was found to be more critical for gamma diversity than alpha diversity. This finding highlights the streams environmental heterogeneity importance for maintaining regional fish diversity. We captured eight individuals of the threatened species Spintherobolus papilliferus and this indicates an expansion in the geographic distribution of this species. Keywords: fish communities, IUCN, endemic species. Ictiofauna das “serranias costeiras” da bacia do rio Ribeira de Iguape, sudeste do Brasil Resumo: A bacia hidrográfica do rio Ribeira de Iguape possui cerca de 100 espécies de peixes. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a comunidade de peixes de riachos das serranias costeiras da bacia do rio Ribeira de Iguape. O levantamento das espécies foi realizado com uso de pesca elétrica durante a estação seca de 2018-2019. As coletas ocorreram em 30 trechos de riachos. Foram capturadas 50 espécies distribuídas em 37 gêneros, 11 famílias e seis ordens. A estimativa de riqueza de espécies (SChao1) foi de 57 espécies e a estimativa de cobertura para todo o conjunto de dados foi de C = 0,998. Harttia kronei e Chasmocranus lopezae são espécies endêmicas e podem ser usadas como bioindicadores para os riachos nesta bacia hidrográfica. Capturamos aproximadamente nove espécies por trecho de riacho. A diversidade beta foi considerada mais importante para a diversidade gama do que a diversidade alfa. Esse resultado destaca a importância da heterogeneidade ambiental dos riachos para manter a diversidade regional de peixes. Capturamos seis indivíduos de uma espécie ameaçada Spintherobolus papilliferus e, dessa forma, ocorreu uma expansão da distribuição geográfica desta espécie. Palavras-chave: comunidades de peixes, IUCN, espécies endêmicas. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2020-0994 http://www.scielo.br/bn 2 Biota Neotrop., 20(4): e20200994, 2020 Cetra, M. et al. Introduction Material and Methods A set of ecosystems and a mosaic of forest formations form the 1. Study area Atlantic Forest biome (MMA 2020). A large number of independent hydrographic basins, sea-level fluctuations, and stream capture events The Ribeira de Iguape River basin covers an area of approximately (Menezes et al. 2007) help us to understand the richness and distribution 27.000 km², comprising 13 municipalities from Paraná State and 23 of about 270 freshwater fish species, 190 of which are considered from São Paulo State, which together house an estimated population endemic species (Abilhoa et al. 2011). Besides, estimates point to of over 990.000 inhabitants (CBH-RB 2016). the existence of 500 species in the Atlantic Forest biome (Thomaz In the São Paulo State, the Water Resources Management Unit & Knowles 2018), suggesting that our knowledge on the freshwater (Unidade de Gerenciamento dos Recursos Hídricos - UGRHI 11) ichthyofauna is far from being completed. On the other hand, about corresponds to the Ribeira de Iguape River basin and Southern Coastal 100 species are considered threatened (Castro & Polaz 2020) since only drainages. It presents one of the most extensive natural vegetation covers 12.4% of the forest that initially existed remains. Although this biome in the State of São Paulo, with 12.256 km2 of native forest remaining represents only 15% of the national territory, about 70% of Brazilians occupying approximately 72% of the area of UGRHI 11 (CBH-RB reside in this biome, concentrating 80% of the national economic 2016). The average precipitation in the UGRHI 11 is 1400 mm/year. The production (MMA 2020). UGRHI 11 has 37 Conservation Units, 15 beings of Integral Protection, The Ribeira de Iguape River basin is the Southern limit of the and 22 of Sustainable Use (CBH-RB 2016). Eastern coastal drainages (Langeani et al. 2009) with a complex The Ribeira de Iguape River basin can be divided into two great dendritic structure, relatively small but isolated, emptying straight domains: the coastal plains constituted mainly by cenozoic sedimentary into the Atlantic Ocean. A low human population occupies it, and deposits and the “serranias costeiras” formed by ancient crystalline Small Hydropower Plants promote hydrological fragmentation rocks. Within these crystalline rocks, through more hilly terrain, lay (CBH-RB 2016). Among these coastal drainages, the Ribeira de the systems of mountains and escarpments characterizing the Serras Iguape River basin has large areas protected and well preserved do Mar and Paranapiacaba with Conservation Units, and a set of hills (Oyakawa et al. 2006). and summit surfaces of the plains of upper Ribeira de Iguape River In the state of São Paulo, there are 391 fish species, around 15% of basin (Ross 2002). the species richness estimated for Brazil (Oyakawa & Menezes 2011). The main rivers in the basin are the Ribeira de Iguape in its lower Of this total, 97 species occur in the Ribeira de Iguape River basin. reaches, and some of the main tributaries such as Açungui, Capivari, Since 2011, at least six species can be added to this list: Pimelodus Pardo, Turvo, Juquiá, São Lourenço, Jacupiranga, Itapirapuã, Una da multicratifer Ribeiro, Lucena & Oyakawa 2011, Deuterodon oyakawai Aldeia, and Itariri rivers. The rivers Itapirapuã, Pardo, and Ribeira de (Santos & Castro 2014), Atlantirivulus ribeirensis Costa 2014, Ituglanis Iguape are under the Federal government domain and all the remainder amphipotamus Mendonça, Oyakawa & Wosiacki 2018, Trichomycterus are under state domain (CBH-RB 2016). lauryi Donin, Ferrer & Carvalho 2020 and Microcambeva filamentosa 2. Ichthyofauna sampling Costa, Katz & Vilardo 2020. This diversity is associated with between- habitat (beta) diversity among streams (Teshima et al. 2016). Sampling occurred during the dry season (July - November) of 2018 As suggested by Casatti et al. (2008), from the ichthyological and 2019, between 10h and 18h. In the dry season, the associations point of view, an ongoing study will comprise the following actions: between the fish assemblage and environmental structure are more (i) list pertinent information from the Ribeira de Iguape River basin evident in this period (Pinto et al. 2006). Also, it is crucial to control representing records of activities threatening the maintenance of the the effect of temporal variation. ichthyofauna biotic integrity, especially the existence of micro-basins The ichthyofauna was sampled in 30 transects of 70 m of streams impoundments that broke the hydrological connectivity of the system; in the “serranias costeiras” (Figure 1) using electrofishing (LR-24 (ii) promote an ecological study of the headwater fish species of Electrofisher - Smith-Root) in the downstream-upstream direction particular interest due to the sharing with adjacent basins. with a single passage and without contention nets (Permits: SISBIO Fauna inventories generate essential information for the 13352-1/IBAMA/MMA and Proc. SMA 006.674/2018). These transects knowledge of patterns of richness and species distribution. They belong to 16 micro-basins: Alto Ribeira, Teixeira, Figueira, Criminosas, support decision making in projects that will impact the environment Catas Altas, Palmital, Monte Alegre, Pilões, Taquari, Pedro Cubas, (Silveira et al. 2010) and will assist in the definition of public Etá, Quilombo, Preto, Açungui, Ribeirão Fundo, and Juquiá-Guaçu policies (Fapesp 2008). In these studies, it is possible to identify the (Table 1 and Figure 2). environmental heterogeneity, sites with species richness, endangered, Fish were anesthetized with eugenol (clove oil) and fixed for rare, and endemic species, and detect bioindicators species with a high at least 48 hours in 10% formalin. All specimens are stored in 70% abundance and occurrence. ethanol in the collection of Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia Animal e With the present list of species, our objective is to estimate the Análise
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