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Home , First Battle of Ypres, Race to the Sea

Warfare in 1914 on the Eastern and Western From

Nicole Dombrowski, Dhajia Hopper, Gus McIntyre Introduction: Timeline of Events

Battle of First

Aug. 26-30 Oct.19- Nov.22

Sep. 5-12 Dec. 25

First Battle of the The Christmas Marne. Truce

The Great War in 1914 Battle of Tannenberg-The Basics

● August 26-30, 1914

● Battle on Eastern Front

○ Germany vs. Russia

● Russians lost. By a lot. Battle of Tannenberg-How did Germany Win?

● Russia’s Sketchy Army ○ Provisions ○ Uncoded wireless communications ○ Positioning Battle of Tannenberg-Aftermath

● Important Figure: ○ Now a national hero ● Diverted troops from Western Front First Battle of the Marne-The Basics

● September 5-12, 1914 ● French army and BEF take a stand on the Marne ● Forced German retreat back across the Marne First Battle of the Marne-Details

● Germany’s positioning (and flanks) ● Means of battle ● German retreat First Battle of the Marne-Aftermath

● Killed the ○ “Miracle of the Marne” ● End of fast, mobile warfare ○ (It’s trench time) ● French morale improved First - Basics ● October 19-November 22, 1914 ● Battle on north coast of . ● Intended to control ports leading out to the . ○ Between Germany and Allies ● Both sides suffered heavy losses ● The battle ceased when winter set in -Why did it Occur?

● Germany lost in the Battle of the Marne ○ They were looking for their next strategic battle ● Both sides bagan to try to outflank the other, eventually ending up on the Belgian coast. ○ This was later called the . The First Battle of Ypres- What Occured?

● Allied forces outnumbered, short on ● Germans pushed the front line back, support from BEF brought back some ground ● War of attrition

○ Many small-scale attacks

○ Many casualties Battle of Ypres- What Occurred? (Cont.)

● Germany attacked on the 20th, the this almost pushed the allies back into Ypres itself, and because the allies were surrounded on three sides of the city, they tried to plans an offensive that would push Germany back a little. ● Both sides planned to attack first, Germany actually did ● The Allied line was broken, but Germany was not able to take advantage of it. ● Fighting ending in winter The First Battle of Ypres-Significance

● This battle marked the end of the movement of the front lines. ● Both sides dug large and complex trench systems on their front. ● This battle showed how neither side could really win, and was the first example of how the western front was just a big stalemate. ● Showed the first “war of attrition” and showed how terrible of a battle this would be. ● December 25, 1914 ● Official truce was proposed, warring countries refused ○ Unofficial truce on Christmas of 1914 ● Gesture of goodwill for the holiday Christmas Truce-What did it entail?

● Most news reports focused on football games ● Letters and parcels to the British ○ Even boxes for Germans ● Coral sing offs, festive wreaths, and table top trees ● Resulted in truces being punishments ○ After this, there was to be no more truces. Christmas Truce

● In Britain, German battleships killed 122 and injured 450 civilians ○ Gave need for a cessation of fighting ● Used to recover+bury dead, help wounded, and shore up trenches ● Angered French, Indian, and Belgian soldiers ○ Why show kindness to Germans, the enemy? Christmas Truce

● Wasn't the first truce to occur, would

be the last.

● High Command made it treason

○ Long term=would hurt the war In Summary

● These four battles were crucial in the development of the Great War, in both means and mood ○ ○ Disillusionment ○ Long war