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Fishery Management Plan for the Scallop Fishery Off Alaska

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Fishery Management Plan for the Scallop Fishery Off Alaska Fishery Management Plan for the Scallop Fishery off Alaska North Pacific Fishery Management Council 605 W. 4th Avenue, Suite 306 Anchorage, Alaska 99501 PHONE: (907) 271-2809 FAX: (907) 271-2817 February 2014 Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................... iv Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 6 1.1 Amendments to the Fishery Management Plan ......................................................................... 6 1.2 Foreign Fishing.......................................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 2 Management Policy and Objectives ........................................................................ 10 2.1 National Standards for Fishery Conservation and Management ............................................. 10 2.2 NPFMC Policy and Objectives ............................................................................................... 11 2.2.1 Management Goal ...................................................................................................... 11 2.2.2 Management Objectives ............................................................................................. 11 2.3 Procedures for FMP Implementation (Federal/State) .............................................................. 14 Chapter 3 Conservation and Fishery Management Measures ............................................... 15 3.1 Federal Management Measures ............................................................................................... 15 3.1.1 Optimum Yield and Overfishing ................................................................................ 15 3.1.2 Limited Access Management ..................................................................................... 20 3.1.3 Essential Fish Habitat and Habitat Areas of Particular Concern ................................ 21 3.2 Management Measures Delegated to the State of Alaska ....................................................... 23 3.2.1 Setting harvest limits .................................................................................................. 23 3.2.2 Guideline Harvest Ranges (GHRs) ............................................................................ 24 3.2.3 Gear Limitations ......................................................................................................... 25 3.2.4 Crew and Efficiency limits ......................................................................................... 25 3.2.5 Fishing Seasons .......................................................................................................... 25 3.2.6 Inseason Adjustments ................................................................................................. 25 3.2.7 Closed areas ................................................................................................................ 26 3.2.8 Notices of closure ....................................................................................................... 26 3.2.9 Prohibited Species and Bycatch Limits ...................................................................... 26 3.2.10 Crab bycatch limits (CBLs) ........................................................................................ 26 3.2.11 Observer Requirements and At-Sea Catch Sampling ................................................. 27 3.2.12 Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements ............................................................. 28 3.2.13 Other ........................................................................................................................... 28 Chapter 4 Description of Stocks and Fishery .......................................................................... 29 4.1 Geographic description of the management area .................................................................... 29 4.1.1 Registration Areas, District, Subdistrict, and Section Boundaries ............................. 29 4.2 Physical characteristics of the management area .................................................................... 30 4.3 Description of Stocks and Fishery ........................................................................................... 31 4.3.1 General Biology ......................................................................................................... 31 4.3.2 Reproduction and early life history ............................................................................ 31 4.3.3 Longevity and natural mortality ................................................................................. 32 4.3.4 Stock Structure and Productivity ................................................................................ 32 4.4 Present Condition and Abundance .......................................................................................... 32 4.5 Ecological Relationships ......................................................................................................... 35 4.6 Habitat of managed stocks ...................................................................................................... 35 4.7 Fishing Activities Affecting the Scallop Stocks ...................................................................... 35 4.7.1 History of exploitation................................................................................................ 35 4.7.2 Commercial Fishery ................................................................................................... 37 4.7.3 Subsistence Fishery .................................................................................................... 39 4.7.4 Recreational Fishery ................................................................................................... 39 Scallop FMP i February 2014 4.8 Economic and Socioeconomic Characteristics ........................................................................ 39 4.9 Fishing Communities .............................................................................................................. 41 Chapter 5 Relationship to Applicable Law and Other Fisheries ........................................... 43 Chapter 6 Reference Material ................................................................................................... 44 6.1 Sources of Available Data ....................................................................................................... 44 6.2 Management & Enforcement Considerations ......................................................................... 44 6.2.1 Management and Enforcement Activities: Description and Cost Estimates ............. 45 6.3 Literature Cited........................................................................................................................ 46 Appendix A: History of the Alaska Scallop Fishery and FMP ................................................... 53 Appendix B: Geographical Coordinates of Areas Described in the FMP ................................. 55 Appendix C: Section 211 of AFA ................................................................................................... 57 Appendix D: Essential Fish Habitat and Habitat Areas of Particular Concern ....................... 58 5.0 Non-fishing Activities that may Adversely Affect Essential Fish Habitat.................................... 7 5.1 Upland Activities ....................................................................................................................... 8 5.1.1 Silviculture/Timber Harvest ......................................................................................... 9 5.1.2 Pesticides .................................................................................................................... 10 5.1.3 Urban and Suburban Development ............................................................................ 11 5.1.4 Road Building and Maintenance ................................................................................ 12 5.2 Riverine Activities ................................................................................................................... 13 5.2.1 Mining ........................................................................................................................ 13 5.2.2 Organic and Inorganic Debris .................................................................................... 15 5.2.3 Dam Operation ........................................................................................................... 18 5.2.4 Commercial and Domestic Water Use ....................................................................... 19 5.3 Estuarine Activities ................................................................................................................. 20 5.3.1 Dredging ..................................................................................................................... 20 5.3.2 Material Disposal and Filling Activities..................................................................... 21 5.3.3 Vessel Operations, Transportation, and Navigation ................................................... 22 5.3.4 Invasive Species ......................................................................................................... 23 5.3.5 Pile Installation and Removal (From NMFS 2005) ..................................................
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