INSIDE: • Analysis of Ukraine's proposed elections law — page 2. • A first at the World Congress of Ukrainians — page 3. • Teaching English in southern Ukraine — centerfold. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY Published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profit association

Vol. LXI No. 46 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1993 50 cents World Congress of Ukrainians faces new era with new name Cipywnyk elected president by Andrij Wynnyckyj TORONTO — The World Congress of Free Ukrainians dropped the "Free" from its name during its sixth congress, held November 3-7, and elected Dr. Dmytro Cipywnyk, former president of the Ukrainian Canadian Congress, as its president. The congress was the first since the declaration of Ukraine's indepen­ dence, and was conducted with a member of the Ukraines Cabinet, an ambassador and parliamentary deputies in attendance. With endorsements from Ukraine's Deputy Prime Minister Mykola Zhulynsky, among others, the World Congress of Ukrainians also shrugged off debate that it should be dissolved, that it was financially crippled and ill-equipped to move into the future. Its new president. Dr. Cipywnyk, said that "the WCU must succeed, as it is a potent symbol and vehicle for Ukrainian influence within countries where they have settled." He warned against "premature" talk of dissolv­ ing existing organizations, saying that this would erode the community's hard-earned standing in countries of the diaspora. The main themes of the congress were the commemo­ ration of the 1932-1933 famine, work with newly inde­ pendent Ukraine, and a new definition of the term "dias­ pora" as the sphere of the WCU's activities. The resolutions adopted on the final day of plenary (Continued on page 4) The newly elected president of the World Congress of Ukrainians, Dr. Dmytro Cipywnyk, addresses delegates. Principles of new law on elections Russia renews pressure, threats seen as setback to democratic bloc regarding UlPoland's Ukrainian community

by Nestor Gula This time, in the election of September 19, Mr. Czech won by campaigning in the area where he was born: TORONTO — Over 60 people crowded into a small Koszalin, a city in northwestern Poland. Many room in the West End of Toronto in the evening of Ukrainians were forcibly settled there by the Polish November 8 to meet the six delegates from Poland to Communist regime as a result of a policy known as the World Congress of Free Ukrainians (WCFU). "Akcja Wisla," and implemented immediately following They were: Dr. Jurij Rejt, president of the the Second World War. Mr. Czech said he owes his vic­ Organization of Ukrainians in Poland (OUP); Miroslaw tory to the Ukrainians who voted for him and to the UD Czech, a newly elected member of the Polish Party, which put him high on the national list of candi­ Parliament, the Sejm, and a member of the OUP execu­ dates running for proportional representation seats in the tive; Miron Kertyczak, executive director of OUP; Dr. Polish Sejm. Jaroslaw Hryckowian, head of the Organization of Mr. Czech has been a member of the Sejm for only Ukrainian Teachers in Poland; Anastazia Krawczuk, a three weeks, but already sits on two committees: the journalist for the Warsaw-based Nashe Slovo; and Irena Committee on Ethnic Groupings and the Committee on Boberska, executive member of the Union of Ukrainian Agricultural Affairs. He hopes to be able to help Women in Poland. Ukrainians and Poles resolve several lingering problems As they were throughout the WCFU congress, the as a member of the former, and to help his district's high majority of people in the room were most eager to meet unemployment (28 percent) by sitting on the latter. the 31-year-old Mr. Czech. He is only the second self- Mr. Czech also mentioned that, as a result of his par­ avowed Ukrainian to be elected to the Polish Sejm since ticipation in the WCFU congress, he has already missed the second world war, and he did so as a representative an important vote in the Sejm: the one confirming the of the Democratic Union (UD) Party, the largest formed new government and Waldemar Pawlak as the new after Solidarity splintered. In 1989, Dr. Wolodymyr prime minister of Poland. Mokry won a seat as a member of Solidarity in Poland's Mr. Czech said the people in Poland's governing first free post-war elections, which signalled the end of SLD-PSL coalition are a mix of two types: the more Communist rule there. European Social Democrats who recognize concepts of Mr. Czech considered it ironic that he won his seat in human rights, and members of "the old formation." an election in which the reformed Communist Party, "The former would be more positively disposed on the Dr. Jurij Rejt, president of the Organization of now known as the Democratic Leftist Alliance (SLD) Ukrainian question," Mr. Czech said. However, he Ukrainians in Poland. added that the SLD, the larger bloc in the coalition, was tion of Ukrainian schools, an increase in enrollment in against any motion condemning Akcja Wisla and had these schools and the creation of new Ukrainian organi­ declared illegal any attempts to pass such laws in the zations. previous Parliament. Mr. Czech suggested that this per­ Dr. Rejt said he is particularly pleased that there is a haps was due to the fact that the SLD's predecessor had lot of activity by young people. He says the OUP is carried out the forcible resettlement operation. very interested in getting youth involved in its structures That aside, Mr. Czech stated, Polish-Ukrainian rela­ and encourages other Ukrainian organizations to do the tions in Poland have calmed down and normalized a great same. deal in the past year, although negative stereotyping of After the OUP was established, it first bought itself Ukrainians had not disappeared completely. He said the headquarters in Warsaw and started a publishing compa­ increasing moderation is due to the fact that Ukraine has ny, Tyrsa. Dr. Rejt said this is something the Ukrainian been independent for two years and that Poles have community in Poland has always wanted. "[The pub­ grown accustomed to a "Ukrainian presence" both as a lishing concern's] mission is threefold," Dr. Rejt said, neighbor and as a minority within Polish borders. "to publish books which deal with Ukrainian concerns, According to Mr. Czech, the biggest issues the to earn a profit and to provide jobs for Ukrainians." Ukrainian community is pressing are the question of Dr. Rejt said his delegation came to the WCFU con­ redress for Akcja Wisla (as yet unresolved), the gress to show they exist. "This is the first time we have entrenchment of ethnic minority rights in the Polish been able to attend this congress," Dr. Rejt noted, "and Constitution, the return of confiscated property to the this confirms, de facto, that we function normally and Ukrainian Greek Catholic and Orthodox Churches, and Newly elected member of the Polish Sejm Miroslaw take part in those forums which define being state support for Ukrainian cultural life in Poland. Czech. Ukrainian." What Mr. Czech would love to see, and will try to The delegation also came to the congress to reaffirm swept to power in a coalition with traditional accomplish as a parliamentarian, is for the Ukrainian the WCFU's involvement in human rights. They were Communist puppets, the Polish Peasant Party (PSL). community in Poland to become more financially inde­ able to introduce a resolution that the WCFU, now the Mr. Czech is a history scholar who has a long history pendent. He sees this as an important step that would World Congress of Ukrainians, will endeavor to create a of political activity in Ukrainian-Polish relations. As a ensure the survival and growth of the community in his Bureau of Human Rights in Central-Eastern Europe that student in Warsaw, he was a founding member and edi­ country. He would like to see Ukrainians in the Western would monitor the treatment of Ukrainian minorities in tor of the Ukrainian magazine Zustrichi (Meetings), diaspora invest capital in Poland, creating jobs and a these countries. which commented, among other issues, on Ukrainian stronger Ukrainian community. He thinks this can be Dr. Rejt said that the most appropriate location for life in Poland and on tensions between the two people. accomplished with the Organization of Ukrainians in this office would be Warsaw, since Poland provides a In the 1991 elections, Mr. Czech ran as a candidate of Poland. much-needed link between two worlds. "We are a kind the Minority Block Party. This was a coalition of Dr. Rejt, the head of the OUP and of Poland's delega­ of bridge between East and West," Dr. Rejt asserted. Ukrainians, Lithuanians, Czechs and Slovaks in Poland. tion to the WCFU, said he is pleased with the way the "We have contacts with most groups in Central and Although it did not win any seats in the Sejm, Mr. Ukrainian community in his country is organizing itself Eastern Europe, as well as with groups in the West. In Czech served as its representative on various campaign and growing. The OUP is only three years old, having fact, we have had group meetings with representatives telecasts, and was able to put to the Polish people the been formed on February 25, 1990. The organization from Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Belgium, France, grievances and aspirations of Ukrainians living in held its second congress this year, on June 5-6. In its Germany, England and the Czech republic. Poland. three-year history, the OUP has overseen the construc- "At these meetings," Dr. Rejt continued, "we talked about the fact that there was very little European accent in the WCFU. This is the situation today." "However," the OUP head noted, "Ukraine is in Europe. Taking geopolitics into account, it is wise to organize initiatives and actions closer to Ukraine." According to Dr. Rejt, among the OUP's upcoming projects is a week-long festival in Warsaw. Its purpose would be to show the Poles, and the world, that Ukrainian culture is one that is living and ever-expand­ ing. This festival is tentatively scheduled for the fall of 1994. Dr. Rejt said OUP representatives will meet with Polish government officials in early December to ham­ mer out further details, adding that plans are still in the conception stage. As well, Dr. Rejt said there is a group in the OUP investigating the possibility of establishing a festival in Peremyshl, similar to the Festival of Ukrainian Culture held every two years in Sopot, on the Baltic coast. He said that he would not simply move the festival from Sopot, as some have suggested, because "we would not be able to move the amphitheater or build hotels in Peremyshl, [where] there is a lack of inlVastructure.'' The Ukrainian delegation from Poland: (from left) Dr. Jaroslaw Hryckowian, Miron Kertyczak, Miroslaw Dr. Rejt asserted that the organizing of a second fesdva! Czech, Dr. Jurij Rejt, Anastazia Krawczuk and Irena Boberska. would be preferable. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1993 No. 46

development, consolidate and join World Congress of Ukrainians. Ukraine's effort to raise the authority of (Continued from page 1) the Ukrainian state in the world, continue sessions in the Harbour Castle Westin to help in establishing diplomatic missions Hotel's Frontenac Room, November 6, around the world, assist in the dissemina­ covered a wide variety of topics and tion of Ukrainian publications throughout scope, ranging from the practical and the library systems in the West to over­ specific to the very broad. They included come the bias toward Russian titles, and a call to the World Tribunal to denounce continue its influence on world opinion the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the international media. for its organization of the famine-geno­ "The first practical step," Dr. cide of 1932-1933; a general expression Zhulynsky said, "would be a decision by of support for Ukraine's nuclear arms the World Congress of Free Ukrainians to policies; greetings to the Ukrainian coordinate the activities of Ukrainian World Coordinating Council (UWCC) civic, professional and creative organiza­ and a declaration of readiness to work in tions and institutions and leading individ­ concert with it; a call to the central repre­ uals in the entire world to provide assis­ sentations of countries to resolve the ide­ tance to the Ukrainians of the Eastern ological rifts that had split them in the diaspora, living as they do in the states past, and work to re-combine as single [other than Ukraine] of the former Soviet entities; a call to the diaspora to support empire, in order to provide assistance in the efforts of the Ukrainian Olympic the fields of education, culture, science, Committee; enteфrise, information, sport, health care, Thornier resolutions included a call on and so on." He noted that the creation of Pope John Paul II to immediately recog­ the Organization of Ukrainians of Russia nize "the already existing Patriarchate of has made this work a great deal easier. the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church" Dr. Zhulynsky concluded by saying Yaroslav Skrypnyk, WCU presidential candidate, graciously withdrawing from and protests against the separation of the that given the presence of the Ukrainian the race after Dr. Dmytro Cipywnyk captured a majority on the first ballot Mukachiv and Presov eparchies from the World Coordinating Council and the UGCC; and a greeting to the Orthodox Ukrainian efforts to commemorate the Soviet Union's diaspora is almost double WCFU, defending the interests of Church's Ecumenical Patriarch famine, which he said should be taken to of those in the West. Ukrainians around the world is "fully Bartholomew of Constantinople, calling an even higher level to create a "pantheon Mr. Shymko spoke of the many within the realm of our capabilities." upon him to assist in formation of a single of grief and an academic institute secur­ national organizations around the world Panel discussions that afternoon and and united Ukrainian Orthodox Church. ing the memory of the oppressed and their who were applying for membership. He evening included "Education in Ukraine Another called on the Ukrainian peo­ oppressors. He also said the diaspora said the WCFU Secretariat decided not to and the Role of the Diaspora," in which ple to complete a national-cultural, spiri­ should work with Ukraine to ensure that accept them because of budgetary con­ panelists examined the appropriate mod­ tual, social and economic renaissance in the U.S. and other countries be made straints, against his wishes, but rejoined els for assistance to be given to a country Ukraine; a recommendation to Ukraine's aware that his nation's course, pursued that bringing them in is a moral question, with a post-totalitarian educational sys­ ministry of education concerning the without tanks firing into parliament build­ not a material one. He claimed that tem, and the various exchange programs official orthography. In all, there were 38 ings and assertions of imperial spheres of membership for such communities as in that have been conducted in recent years. plenary resolutions and 32 from various influence, was the superior one. Brazil gave "a tremendous boost to Another panel, "Welfare of the Child: the commissions. However, during the greetings by the efforts to revive national consciousness," Future of the Ukrainian Nation," provid­ Two hundred and eighty-five dele­ heads of Ukrainian central organizations, it and that the effect in former Soviet terri­ ed a sobering look at the many chal­ gates were registered, representing was made clear that the star of the evening tories, the effect would be even greater. lenges facing children in a country whose Ukrainian communities throughout the was former Defense Minister Konstyantyn Gen. Morozov expressed satisfaction in infrastructure is crumbling. world, with delegations from Poland and Morozov. After being welcomed by being invited as minister of defense, but At a well-attended session that Romania being accepted into the fold Mykhail Vasylyk of Argentina, he was said he was doubly honored at having his evening, Tatyana Kutkovets, sponsored (Miron Kertyczak of Poland served as given a two-minute standing ovation. invitation confirmed despite losing his by the Human Rights Commission, pre­ one of six deputy congress presidium Mr. Shymko then turned over the con­ post. He also said he considered partici­ sented her brief, "The Ukrainian chairmen) and applications from the duct of the congress over to Julian Kulas, pating in the WCFU an honor. In Community Within the Russian Czech and Slovak republics and Russia who was elected presidium chairman for response to a query, he confirmed reports Federation," based on a survey conducted still in process. However, this number is the third successive time, his six deputies that he was ousted from his position on through face-to-face contacts throughout down considerably from the 478 of the and three secretaries. the Ukrainian general staff, and that he the Eurasian country by researchers from previous congress, and the sessions were had decided to resign his commission and the Moscow-based Public Opinion marked by a noticeable lack of youth. Sessions, bombshell press conference stand for election to the Supreme Council. Foundation. It contained a wealth of Official opening of congress At the thinly attended session of In response to a question from a Radio information about the demography, Thursday morning, November 4, the con­ Ukraine (Kyyiv) reporter. Dr. Zhulynsky social status and levels of education About 800 people attended the official gress agenda and rules of order were said he sees the need to participate direct­ (high) cultural and political attitudes, pre­ opening of the Sixth World Congress of adopted, and the various committee ly in the work of a diasporic organization disposition to return to Ukraine, and Free Ukrainians on Wednesday evening, chairs selected, including those for by­ because past regimes governing his coun­ other matters concerning the Eastern November 3. WCFU President Yuri laws (Dr. Yaroslav Berezowsky), resolu­ try were guilty of alienating many of its diaspora, estimated at about 4 to 6 mil­ Shymko declared the congress open, not­ tions (Walter Sochan, Eugene Ivashkiv), countrymen abroad. Therefore, Dr. lion strong in the 1980s. ing that it was the first "since Ukrainian nominations (Dr. Bohdan Shebunchak), Zhulynsky said, it was incumbent on the independence was renewed" and that it Oksana Bryzhun-Sokolyk, president of financial (Dr. Frank Martyniuk, Andrij present govemment to make itself avail­ was taking place during the year of com­ the World Federation of Ukrainian Shevchenko). able to any efforts that might maintain memorations of the millions of victims of Women's Organization led off the day Reports by presidium executives and and strengthen contacts. genocidal famine. Mr. Shymko asked for and was followed by the other keynote council and commission heads followed, a minute of silence in memory of the vic­ In the afternoon, following a luncheon speaker of the congress. Prof. Leonid which consisted largely of readings of the tims of the tragedy, and of deceased with the mayor of the host city, June Rudnytzky, who spoke on "the documents issued in the package to all members of the WCFU Secretariat. A Rowlands, the congress's first keynote Obligation of the Diaspora in Relation to delegates. The report by the Olympic video of the ceremonies in Kyyiv mark­ speaker. Dr. Zhulynsky, delivered his the Existence of the Ukrainian Nation." Committee also included a video pro­ ing the famine's 60th anniversary was address "Ukraine's Contemporary Needs This was essentially a companion piece duced by Ted Woloshyn of the Toronto shown, in which the outgoing WCFU and Expectations from the Diaspora." and, in some measure, a careful answer branch of the Kontakt television program. president figured prominently. He entered the debate about whether or to Dr. Zhulynsky's address. Prof. The invocation was delivered by At 11:00 that morning, Yuri Юufas, a not the WCFU should continue to exist Rudnytzky suggested what the diaspora Metropolitan Maxim Hermaniuk of the local producer for Kontakt, held a press on the side of the "yeas." He began by was and what it was not. He cautioned Ukrainian Catholic Church in Canada, conference for Dr. Zhulynsky, Gen. listing its many accomplishments in the that the diaspora is often erroneously and greetings were issued by Bishop Morozov (Ret.), Mr. Drach and Mr. areas of disseminating information about equated with a state and sometimes Paisiy of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church Shymko. In his initial statement, Mr. the famine, including the report submit­ allows itself to be drawn in to accept in the U.S. Bishop Isidore Borecky read Drach spoke to the issue of possible con­ ted to the United Nations in 1990, and its demands that only a state could meet. lobbying for international recognition of a greeting from Cardinal Myroslav solidation of the WCFU and the UWCC Prof. Rudnytzky also suggested that Ukraine's declaration of independence. Lubachivsky. and the proposition that the former certain values and principles, many of The assembled were then addressed by should limit its activities to the Western Dr. Zhulynsky said that Ukraine stands which were adopted in pursuit of a goal Dr. Zhulynsky, who read President diaspora, rejecting both. Mr. Drach said ready, through its Ministry of Education that has now been achieved, should be Leonid Kravchuk's thanks to the WCFU that each organization had its own and organizations such as Prosvita and the redefined. For example, he suggested for having furthered Ukraine's cause momentum and it was better not to tam­ Ukraina Society to work closely with that the quest for a single unifying intemationally and best wishes for contin- per with it. He also said he stood fully counterparts in the diaspora. He said that national Church, if continued at present, ued good work. Outgoing Ambassador to behind the right of any organization in "spiritual independence is based on free is a totalitarian idea. Canada Levko Lukianenko wamed of dif­ the world, particularly in the Eastern communication" and that the diaspora Prof. Rudnytzky said the diaspora's ficult times ahead and encouraged the diaspora, to belong to the WCFU, but he could assist greatly in laying the lines on main task is to give Ukrainian people diaspora to take part in the democratiza­ was skeptical of the congress' capacity, which this conununication could travel. more opportunities to learn about the tion of Ukraine. both in terms of personnel and financial Dr. Zhulynsky's wish list was exten­ world they were shut out from, but from Ivan Drach of the UWCC spoke of the resources, to be able to deal with the sive. He said die diaspora should establish a Ukrainian point of view, and to help parallels between the Jewish Yad Vashem magnitude of the issue. He said that the a network of Ukrainian entrepreneurs who Holocaust remembrance effort and number of Ukrainians in the former could assist Ukraine in its economic (Continued on page 5) No. 46 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 14,1993

for many delegates to vent their disquiet, given the go-ahead even before the first Nevertheless, outgoing Financial World Congress... displeased as they were with inconsisten­ candidate had begun his address, Secretary William Kereliuk told a (Continued from page 4) cies in the organization's ledgers, and although delegates agreed, as they had at reporter from The Weekly on the them move away from the prism of frustrated by the very late submission of the previous congress, to hear the two Monday after the congress that all talk of Russian culture and language. many executive reports. speak. As well, 22 delegates were not indebtedness was "hogwash." Prof. Rudnytzky also addressed the Dr. Kulas attempted a joke about the present for the vote. Banquet question of the WCFU's continued exis­ WCFU's sea of red, saying that The altered by-law came into play tence, and also came out in favor, saying "[WCFU] must continue to exist, just as when, after much debate about whether The gala banquet of the congress was that its crisis was no different than that of the government must, so that our children or not the first ballot count should be held at the Metropolitan Ballroom of the the United Nations in a changing world. can pay off the debt." This earned him a released. Dr. Cipywnyk received 136 Harbor Castle Hotel on Saturday He asserted that the WCFU is a symbol stern rebuke from the 30-ish Petro votes to Mr. Skrypnyk's 121, with six evening, and was hosted by Mr. of the diaspora's unity. Kishchuk of Great Britain, who said that spoiled ballots — not enough for the Romaniw, with about 1,200 in atten­ At that day's luncheon, Bohdan such levity would do little to revive inter­ newly required two-thirds vote instead of dance. Jesse Flis, a long-time member of Maksymec, president of the Ontario est of younger generations in the WCFU, a simple majority. Mr. Kulas then sud­ the federal Parliament from Toronto's provincial UCC, injected a note of pes­ which was manifestly flagging, and denly expressed his irritation that "the West End and outgoing WCFU President simism about the situation in Ukraine by pointed out that the "children" are in no UCC was fielding two candidates, so let Shymko's antagonist in elections, providing a catalogue of some of its eco­ way compelled to take part and clean up the UCC sit down with them and resolve brought greetings from Jean Chretien, the logical, economic and political ills, sug­ the mess of their forebears. the issue." After a brief recess and a for­ newly elected prime minister of Canada, gesting the country is disintegrating. This was followed by the report from mal protest from Mr. Romaniw, Mr. and presented Mr. Shymko with a civic This produced a strong reaction in Mr. the resolutions committee, which was to Skrypnyk tried to end the wrangling by award for public service. Drach, appearing upon resumption of the give delegates a chance to discuss this graciously withdrawing his candidacy. Greetings to the congress were read plenary session, said he was "put off his product of the congress' labors. The This was not satisfactory for some, from other dignitaries, including main speech." most hotly debated resolution, in fact one who insisted that this solution was only a Canada's Governor General Ramon John of the few that was debated, concerned Instead, Mr. Drach spoke emotionally recommendation of the nominating com­ Hnatyshyn, Premier of Saskatchewan an expression of the WCU's backing for of Ukraine's resilience, the tendencies to mittee, which had to be voted on. When Roy Romanow, Toronto Mayor June disunity on both sides of the Atlantic, the Ukrainian government's stance on Zbigniew Brzezinski's caution that nuclear arms. A number of delegates Ukraine will continue to have problems pointed out that the position of Ukraine's of existence as long as it treats its people president and that of the Supreme as a nation, scored hasty critics of Council often appeared contradictory, President Kravchuk's policies in the and was highly changeable. They also Crimea and his own feeling of culpability said that the WCU as a body was hardly before people such as Danylo Shumuk qualified to make determinations on this (whom he saw sitting in the audience). issue. Others argued that Ukraine needed He urged a spirit of forgiveness, conciHa- expressions of support to resist pressure tion and cooperation. from other nations. Unfortunately, Mr. Drach spoke little Mr. Kulas then suddenly cut off debate about the work of the organization he was on all other topics by introducing a representing and provide more of a direct motion to approve all resolutions submit­ introduction to it to the delegates. He did ted by the plenum and by all commis­ say that the UWCC was holding congress­ sions and councils en masse, sight es in cities of largely forgotten historical unseen, without reading, discussion, or significance in order to renew the nation's amendment. An overwhelming majority sense of identity. Mr. Drach also assured voted in favor, and Mr. Kulas moved delegates that Ukraine was very resilient. quickly to the final matter at hand. That night Dr. Volodymyr Chromysh, Election of the president Mykhailo Liakhovych and others spoke movingly, at another Human Rights The contest between Dr. Cipywnyk Commission-sponsored panel, about the and incumbent WCFU First Vice- Outgoing WCFU President Yuri Shymko, with General Secretary Vasyl Veryha, horrors that still face the Ukrainian com­ President Yaroslav Skrypnyk, both from presenting the St. Volodymyr medal to WCFU Past President Petro Savaryn at munity in former Yugoslavia, including western Canada, was not as acrimonious the gala banquet. the physical assaults, destruction of as previous presidential elections due to churches and schools, and forcible con­ the candidates' virtual non-allegiance to it was, in a forest of orange cards, Dr. Rowlands and Poland's Ambassador to scriptions. They also addressed the rea­ any political camp, personal friendship Dmytro Cipywnyk became the first presi­ Canada Tadeusz Diem. son all refugees have sought to flee to the and very similar programs. dent of the newly constituted WCU. Entertainment was provided by Viktor West, and none to Ukraine. Mr. However, matters were complicated The rest of the executive was voted in Morozov from Lviv, from the cabaret Liakhovych, a journalist, explained that by a change in the by-laws introduced as a slate, and includes Oleh group Ne Zhurys, who sang a moving given Ukraine's current political and eco­ during the course of the congress and a Romanyshyn and Vasyl Veryha who will rendition of a poem by Bohdan Ihor nomic system, for these people, used to a series of strange rulings by Chairman alternate as first vice-president and trea­ Antonych, and some original composi­ completely privatized system, it would Kulas on the evening of the election, on surer over the five-year term; Oksana tions. mean a regression to Stalinism, so all Saturday, November 6. First, the speak­ Sokolyk, second vice-president; and The invocation that evening was choose the West. ers that were to introduce the candidates Yaroslav Sokolyk, general secretary. offered by Bishop Paisiy of the Ukrainian The reports presented by the verifica­ were blocked from doing so, although Orthodox Church and the benediction Unresolved issues tion and financial committees on Mr. Kulas later protested that this had not offered by Pastor Petro Mariychuk of the Saturday morning, was an opportunity been his intention. Then, balloting was Other than the clear-cut name change, All-Ukrainian Evangelical Baptist many statutory matters remained murky Fellowship. as The Weekly went to press. As con­ The outgoing president then took con­ firmed by Evhen Mastykash of the by­ trol of the proceedings. A video of the laws committee, only organizations WCFU chief executive's activities based outside Ukraine would be allowed around the world was shown. Mr. membership, but CeSUS, the world stu­ Shymko presented the St. Volodymyr dents' organization, is now based in medal, the WCFU's highest honor to Dr. Ukraine and has retained its status. Zhulynsky, former Minister Morozov, Membership status was further cloud­ Mykola Sharvan of Buffalo (who estab­ ed when expulsion for dues arrears was lished the first daily Ukrainian radio pro­ raised at the presidium meeting, hinted at gram in North America) the Rev. Petro throughout the congress, but then left Baltzar of Prudentopolis, Brazil (who unresolved. According to the auditing continues to run the Zemelnyi Fond relief committee report, unpaid dues for 1990- effort in his country), Mykola Kushpeta 1992 reached $261,000 (Canadian). (long-serving WCFU and community Both presidential candidates said the activist). Prof. Lubomyr Wynar (for 1994 budget as set out at the congress, was scholarly work), Zenon Duda (who said not binding because it was improperly sub­ his award belonged to the entire World mitted. After he was elected. Dr. Council for Social Services), and a col­ Cipywnyk said that a review of WCFU lective award to the editor-in-chief and spending policies was essential to restore editorial board and staff of the the public's confidence in the organization. Encyclopedia of Ukraine. The financial committee's report, Virtually all he past presidents of the which aroused outrage among many del­ WCFU (some posthumously) who had egates at the final plenary meeting on not yet received the medal, did. This November 6, suggested that the books included Ivan Bazarko, Ignatius Bilinsky, A procedural wrangle erupts over the election of the WCU president. From left, were balanced. However, accountant's Joseph Lesawyer, Mykola Plawiuk, Petro Askold Lozynsky of the UCC A (obscured), WCFU President Yuri Shymko, Oleh statements supplied in the WCFU's Savaryn, and finally, Mr. Shymko. Romaniw of the UCC, Congress Nominations Committee Chairman Bohdan Herald suggested that the WCFU was In conclusion, the delegates prayed Shebunchak, Congress Presidium Chairman Julian Kulas. more than $400,000 (Canadian) in debt. and sang the Ukrainian national anthem. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1993 No. 46

THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY Letter from Washington by Eugene M. Iwanciw FRIENDSHIP = revisionism Director, UNA Washington Office You've all heard about the blank spots in history that occurred during the Soviet era. (You remember — at the time of the "evil empire.") Well here's one about potential blank spots in United States history. Getting ttie message If some U.S. lawmakers have their way, so-called "Cold War provisions" in U.S. law will be revised in the name of friendship, and, well, business. As The saying goes, "there's always that Appropriations Committee took decisive reported recently , the House Foreign Affairs Committee marked up H.R. 3000, 10 percent who just do not get the mes­ action on the Foreign Assistance the Act For Reform In Emerging New Democracies and Support and Help for sage." When the message is that U.S. Appropriations Act. Within the act, the Improved Partnership with Russia, Ukraine, and Other New Independent States, policy toward Ukraine has been wrong committee included the following: "Of a.k.a. the FRIENDSHIP Act. Among its findings: "certain statutory provisions and counterproductive, that 10 percent the funds appropriated by Title II and VI that are relics of the Cold War should be revised or repealed ... to foster and includes the White House, the National of this act under the headings 'Assistance strengthen the bonds of trust and friendship, as well as mutually beneficial trade Security Council and the Department of for the New Independent States oif the and economic relations" with Russia, Ukraine and other newly independent State. The Clinton administration does Former Soviet Union' and 'Operation states. [It is interesting to note that it was in the name of friendship and trade not understand that the failure of its poli­ and Maintenance, Defense Agencies', relations that FDR recognized the USSR at the very time the Great Famine was cy and that of its predecessor toward and Title IV, not less than $300 million raging in the Ukrainian countryside. See below, 'Turning the pages back..." .) Ukraine also includes the handling of shall be made available for Ukraine." The draft legislation refers to Public Law 86-90, that is, the landmark Captive foreign economic assistance. To make its intentions clear, the com­ National Week law, as if this was merely an example of Cold War rhetoric that During the past two years, Ukraine mittee devoted a larger section of the could now easily be deleted in the name of the proverbial greater good. received just $137 million in economic report accompanying the act to Ukraine During the debate, one lawmaker. Rep. Sam Gejdenson (D-Conn.) admitted assistance out of the $2.3 billion provid­ than to any other nation in the world. To that the provision was included because Russian President Boris Yeltsin ed by the United States to the newly understand the importance that the com­ "ordered it included." Rep. Howard Berman (D-Calif.) stated that during a independent states (NIS) of the former mittee attaches to Ukraine, it is impor­ Congressional delegation's spring visit to Moscow, "President Yeltsin raised Soviet Union. On a per capita basis, only tant to quote the complete text which [Captive Nations] as the first issue." Uzbekistan and Azerbajian (prohibited reads: , And then, the Ukrainian National Association's Washington Office learned by Congress from receiving any assis­ "The conunittee believes that Ukraine that the State Department, when asked to give some insight into the inclusion of tance) received less money. will play an important role in assuring the provision explained, "This is the number one priority for not only President During his visit to Ukraine at the end the successful transition to democracy, Yeltsin, but the Ukrainian people." Rep. Dana Rohrabacher (R-Calif.), who is of October, Secretary of State Warren free-market principles and stability in the trying to amend the legislation to delete the reference to Captive Nations, Christopher announced an assistance region. Ukraine's natural resources com­ incredulously asked: "Are you trying to tell me that the Ukrainians support this?" package of $330 million for Ukraine. bined with a productive agricultural base At the same time, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee has amended the That package, however, included $175 and large industrial capacity represent Captive Nations Week law through a provision in the State Department million previously committed by the enormous potential for economic growth. Authorization Bill. Thanks to Sen. Claiborne Pell (D-R.I.) all references to United States for the dismantling of *^Russian communist aggression" have been replaced by "Soviet communist "Although rich with possibilities, nuclear missiles, leaving $155 million in aggression," and the names of the captive nations have been deleted. All to make Ukraine is suffering many of the same U.S. law less "offensive" to our new partner in the new world order, Russia. economic assistance and agricultural loan difficulties currently experienced in other An4 thus; the order of the day in the U.S. Congress appears to be revision­ guarantees. When one removes the agri­ newly independent states. Private sector ism. The Cold War never happened, there were no captive nations, Russian cultural loans guarantees, which Ukraine development has been slow. The govern­ communist aggression never reared its ugly head. does not really need, Ukraine will be ment has yielded to financial demands So, let's just make sure we have it straight. The Russian president is telling receiving even less than in the previous from protesting miners and farmers, com­ the U.S. Congress what to do, in effect, determining U.S. policy. The State package. promising urgently needed fiscal austerity Department thinks Ukrainians are against Captive Nations legislation. And, This amount is clearly not sufficient measures and risking hyperinflation. revisionist historians are alive and well in Congress. assistance for a nation as large and as Health care is in crisis, crippled by a lack Hmm... On second thought, this editorial should be tided "Reality check III." important as Ukraine. Moreover, the of medical equipment, pharmaceutical package announced by Secretary supplies and vaccines. Environmental Christopher is not the assistance package problems run the gamut from hazardous for Ukraine which the Congress enacted toxic waste dumps to Chomobyl's radia­ into law in September. tion contamination. Completely depen­ The U.S. Congress understood that the dent upon Russian oil and gas, Ukraine's assistance provided Ukraine during the economy has been battered by Moscow's Turning the pages back... past two years was not only blatantly manipulation of prices and periodic sus­ unfair but counter-productive to the pension of shipments. establishment of good relations between "The committee believes these socio­ the United States and Ukraine. It also economic conditions are further compli­ On November 16, 1933, President Franklin Delano understood that the failure to provide cated by the evolving political landscape. Roosevelt formally granted U.S. diplomatic recognition to the adequate assistance would undercut Ukraine's Parliament continues to be Soviet Union and thus recognized the legitimacy of the regime efforts to promote political and economic dominated by reactionary opponents of that had wrought the Great Famine of 1932-1933 in Ukraine. reform in Ukraine. democratic and economic reforms. Plans The U.S. president did so despite the fact that he had received the lengthy In June of this year, the House keep slipping for a public referendum to "Memorandum of Ukrainian Organizations to the President of the United States Committee on Foreign Affairs reported determine if and when new presidential Concerning the Recognition of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics." (See out the Foreign Assistance Authorization and parliamentary elections will be held. "Turning the pages back...," October 24, 1993.) Act. In the report that accompanied the "Undl May 1993, U.S. policy and The Ukrainian community had seen the writing on the wall. As Dr. Myron B. bill, the committee wrote: "The United assistance have failed to address any of Kuropas wrote, "At the height of the Great Famine ... and only a few months after States must make a greater effort to treat these issues. United States attention assuming office, [FDR] wrote a letter to USSR President Kalinin expressing his desire Ukraine as a separate and important enti­ focused exclusively on Ukraine's control 'io end the present abnormal relationship' between the two countries..." ty. The U.S. must initiate a larger, more of 176 nuclear weapons and the status of .- In the days leading up to recognition of the USSR, a wave of protests swept the effective assistance program for Ukraine ratification of START I and the Nuclear iUnited States; among the protesters were thousands of Ukrainian Americans. The neo­ that promotes political and economic Non-Proliferation Treaty. Although phyte Ukrainian Weekly called upon its readers to participate in such mass demonstra­ reform and is specific to Ukraine." Ukraine unilaterally declared support tions: "We must... stress the fact that the largest of these enslaved nationalities under two years ago for the destruction of the Soviets is the Ukrainian nation, which besides being thoroughly economically and In September, the Senate Foreign their nuclear stockpile and senior offi^ culturally exploiited by its oppressors, is also being physically destroyed by Moscow, Relations Committee considered includ­ cials have repeatedly underscored their by meaps of wholesale murders of leading Ukrainians, and further by means of the pre­ ing language in its version of Uie Foreign commitment to live up to arms control sent-day Moscow's deliberately fostered famine in Ukraine..." Assistance Authorization Act which agreements. United States' Ukrainian "On November 16, 1933, Stalin's foreign minister, Maxim Litvinov, and Roosevelt would mandate that Ukraine receive 18 policy has been highly critical; empha­ sji:gned an accord consisting of 11 letters, one memorandum and a "gentlemen's agree- percent (Ukraine's share of the popula­ sizing problems rather than progress inent." In return for diplomatic recognition, the Soviets promised to respect the reli­ tion of the NIS) of the $2.5 billion autho­ achieved. gious and civil rights of U.S. citizens living in the USSR, to consider payment of rized for NIS nations. Because of the administration's opposition to congres­ "The committee is deeply concerned some $100 million of American claims against the Soviet government, and to negoti­ about the status of these weapons and ate a trade agreement. Both governments agreed also to forbid the existence on their sional allocations for specific nations and, especially for Ukraine, the commit­ strongly supports ratification of these respective territories of any group which aimed to overthrow or to bring about by agreements. However, the committee force a change in the political or social order. tee, instead, added the following lan­ guage to the act: "It is the sense of the recognizes impediments to progress have Thus, as Myron B. Kuropas has written, "With help from certain members of the been the prohibitive costs of dismantiing American press coфs, the Bolsheviks succeeded in tfieir efforts to shield the truth Senate that the United States should allo­ cate more resources for Ukraine and weapons, as well as Ukraine's security about Ukraine's Great Famine from the world's eyes." And, altfiough "...thousands of concerns relative to Russia. Ukrainians [had taken] to the streets in New York City, Chicago, Detroit and other should initiate a larger, more effective assistance program for Ukraine that pro­ "Central to good bilateral relations is cities to protest Stain's terrorism,the White House remained indifferent." respect for national sovereignty and terri­ Sources: The Ukrainian Weekly, November 4 and J 7, 1933; "The Great Famine in Ukraine: motes political and economic reform, and that is commensurate with Ukraine's size torial integrity. Ukraine's historical mis­ ; The Unknown Holocaust" (compiled by the editors of The Ukrainian Weekly and published by trust of Russian intentions has been exac- the Ukrainian National Association, /983); Myron B. Kuropas, "The Ukrainian Americans: and stature." Roots and Aspirations, 1884-1954" (University of Toronto Press, 1991). Also in September, the Senate (Continued on page 20) No. 46 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1993

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

ilate contemporary Western (and not dressings and bandages." This is a coun­ Time for hard realism only Western) ideas so as to update and OSI has proven to be try that sports nuclear power plants, four- reformulate their vision of their own lane autobahns and a military arsenal and creative thinking culture. This would not only revive ethically bankrupt superior to any Western European Ukrainian scholarship; it would also nation. Dear Editor: Dear Editor: help to revitalize the culture itself. It The answer is simple. Russia has once While we in the diaspora must see would thus help Ukraine to make its Dr. Myron Kuropas' October 24 again returned to its 60-year-old program Ukraine as it really is, without attempt­ original contribution to contemporary "Faces and Places" column on the moral of "the policy of deprivation." Russia has ing to impose pre-war Galician or post­ civilization. and ethical bankruptcy of the OSI is pre­ mounted a gas/fuel embargo upon war American values, goals or standards Something analogous could be done cisely correct. An organization that pur­ Ukraine to bring it to its knees. Ukraine which are neither realistic nor appropri­ in areas as diverse as law, politics, eco­ ports to root out "alleged war criminals" is harvesting the most abundant harvest ate (see interview with Prof. Roman nomics and religion. In reforming its by utilizing the tactics of the Nazis and in over 30 years, yet the people in Kyyiv ^zporluk and response from Alexander legal system, Ukraine can draw on the Bolsheviks is not to be tolerated. After stand in bread lines, because there's no t\\, respectively, August 22 and accumulated experience of Anglo- all, the Nazis and Bolsheviks are the diesel for trucks to deliver grain to the October 3) — we need not simply resign American jurisprudence without import­ ones who perfected the concept of guilty mills or flour to the bakeries. The black ourselves to the status quo. Intelligent ing ill-fitting common law institutions or until proven innocent. market is flourishing, while the people observers in Ukraine as well as the dias­ abandoning the civil law tradition. On the larger issue of the relationship are suffering. of Ukrainians and Jews (or lack thereof), pora agree that the Soviet system and Centuries of Western political experi­ The scene is tragic, yet not as tragic as the OSI does the potential of any way of life, which on the whole remain ence provide a perspective from which the idea that "The Land of the Free and improvement in same a great disservice. in place, are unsuitable for their country. Ukrainian political history can be re­ Home of the Brave" sits back and watch­ Ukraine needs radical reform in virtually examined and suitable institutions creat­ The outlandish, illegal and even immoral behavior of this organization quite natu­ es. On the one hand, America espouses every aspect of life. Yet it would make ed. Not Soviet or Western economic its policy of support for Ukraine's inde­ no sense either to rely blindly on "tradi­ models, but an understanding of Soviet rally brings into suspicion the motives of the people who direct it or most benefit pendence, yet on the other hand, takes tion" (a poor substitute for creativity), or and Western successes and failures, is directives from Moscow, demanding that to mindlessly follow the various paths required to develop economic policies by it. As frustrating is the fact that our tax dollars are being used to further this Ukraine give up its nuclear weapons to taken by Polish, Russian or Western suited to Ukrainian needs and resources, Russia. In light of recent revelations that European societies. Ukraine simply must experience and psychology. Ukrainian behavior. Is there no justice in the Justice Department? the Russian arsenal and cache of find its own way. religious thought has been stunted; yet enriched uranium is much greater than straddling the frontier of the Roman and I do not know what might motivate S. ever imagined, Ukraine's relinquishing The diaspora can and should play a Byzantine cultural spheres, it could sure­ Paul Zumbakis to find justification for of the world's third biggest nuclear arse­ role in this process, as diasporas fre­ ly become a forge of theological synthe­ continuing the existence of the OSI. But nal to a Russia, of dubious leadership quently have done. One thing it can sis. In all these endeavors, scholars and I do know that a person who agrees with contribute is a cultural vision drawing professionals from the diaspora can pro­ the "... denaturalization and deportation and direction, is a policy reflecting a both on Ukrainian traditions and on the vide valuable assistance, as long as they of alleged war criminals..." has missed blueprint for global suicide. newest thinking worldwide. Scholars respect the realities and eschew imported the entire point of our form of govern­ Ukraine is reeling from massive envi­ may play some modest part in this solutions. ment. The natural progression of punish­ ronmental disasters, perpetrated by an endeavor by taking a fresh look at the ment based on allegations is the infa­ uncaring Soviet regime and the single Ukrainian heritage and integrating the This is a time for both hard realism and creative thinking. Banality has never mous midnight knock on the door. greatest nuclear accident in history, perspectives of modern scholarship into Chomobyl. It needs a monumental inter­ a new view of that heritage. This does been a virtue; for today's Ukrainians, it Myron V. Hirniak would be an impermissible vice. national helping hand in stabilizing prob­ not mean succumbing to the latest intel­ Medinah, 111. lems that have major global repercus­ lectual fashions; rather, it means help­ Andrew Sorokowski sions. In addressing these issues, the ing Ukraine's leading thinkers to assim­ Cambridge, Mass. U.S. is giving a disproportionately small Policy of deprivation share of aid to Ukraine, as well as the other former republics, while the lion's ANNIVERSARY GREETINGS evident in Ukraine share goes to Russia. Dear Editor: It is imperative that all Americans contact their senators and representatives Sen. Daniel Patrick Moynihan It is September 11, 1993, 6 a.m. at the immediately and demand that these ludi­ Intourist Hotel in Ternopil, Ukraine... I crous and unfair policies be changed Dear Ms. Hadzewycz: peek out from under the covers to see the now! seventh consecutive day of a premature I write to congratulate The Ukrainian Weekly on the occasion of its 60th anniver­ wintery drizzle. Outside, the temperature Don Martin sary. Providing Ukrainian Americans in the United States with an English-language is a frigid 42 degrees Fahrenheit. Inside, Boulder, Colo. newspaper is indeed an important service, which can help forge ties and build bridges the temperature also is 42. Across the between our two nations. room I see my fellow traveler, hidden We find ourselves at a time of historic opportunity both for the United States and under a blanket, his whole body, shiver­ Ukraine. Ukraine is an important country which can be a strong force for peace, sta­ Simply the best... ing. The thought of a hot shower to dis­ bility, and for the rule of law among nations. We should strive to cultivate a stronger pel the chill is inviting, but the night bilateral relationship with Ukraine built upon a common respect for democracy and Ukrainian newspaper before, while checking-in, we were told human rights. Assuring that the issues which affect Ukraine and the Ukrainian there hadn't been any hot water for two Dear Editor: American community are at the forefront of our attention is a great contribution to this weeks. Different hotel, same story... effort. Among popular attractions for the Daniel Patrick Moynihan Getting dressed for today's trek is youthful Ukrainian crowd on the Jersey U.S. Senate easy. I'm already wearing most of what I shore in the last 10 or 15 years, there has brought with me, including my shoes... been a yearly bash just before Labor Day Thinking of my journey into the depths weekend. It is advertised in a flyer as The Ukrainian Museum of western Ukraine, only one thought "Simply the Best Zabava." pervades my mind, "How do we find gas Dear Ms. Hadzewycz: to get there and back." Since last week, I In a more sedate vein, from a sub­ haven't yet seen one open gas station. scriber's perspective The Ukrainian On behalf of the Board of Trustees and the Administration of The Ukrainian Weekly on its 60th anniversary сйп be Museum, allow me to congratulate you and your staff on the 60th anniversary of The I've got to somehow meet someone who described as simply the best Ukrainian Ukrainian Weekly. knows a black marketeer and pray he might have enough gasoline for us to newspaper in the last 10 years. No doubt, The Ukrainian community in the United States is truly fortunate to have a media it reflects the aptitudes and professional vehicle such as The Weekly through which our interests - cultural, political, religious, make our round trip. Next, I'll have to training of its present editors. and social ?- are regularly presented in the English language. Factual, current and send my driver out to stake out a restau­ interesting. The Weekly captures the Ukrainian spirit in a professional and immeasur­ rant with some good hot food no, make There has been a vast improvement. It ably readable manner. that any food... I pull the towel wrapped shows most obviously in the segregation The Ukrainian Museum greatly appreciates the support it has received from The around my neck, a makeshift scarf, a lit­ of news reporting from editorializingmid Weekly since the institution was founded in 1976. ТІїе Museum's interest, be it an tle tighter and begin to wonder how commentary. By not having a problem exhibition opening, a review, interviews or the current fund-raising activities for the things got this way. After all, I just left with credibility. The Weekly has opened this country July 17 and it was nothing new museum building have always been given positive, prompt and ample coverage a window for audiences beyond the eth­ like this... on the pages of the publication. nic community. Also, in its conteM and We salute the professionalism and journalistic integrity of The Weekly and wish The above scenario was a true one. emphasis, serving as a forum for civic you and your staff continued success in the coming years. My friend and I experienced it just over expression and diverse views. The two months ago. How is it that a country Ukrainian Weekly has become a Jiitk to Sincerely yours, with a dynamic infrastructure like the younger generation and all those who Titus Hewryk Ukraine could find itself in such a pitiful recognize quality. President state? How is it that in a smjdl hospital in Best wishes. Board of Trustees Kolomyia, a sign reads: "If you need The Ukrainian Museum treatment for severe cuts or are in need NewYoric of surgery, you must bring your own North Caldwell/NJ. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 14,1993 No. 46 ANALYSIS: Proposed draff of Ukraine's Consfitution by Judge Bohdan A. Futey examples include provisions that guaran­ ment to do something for the benefit of the government will want to regulate and tee full employment to all citizens the individual. However, they are practi­ control private property, the economy Following are comments by Judge (Article 40), the right to housing (Article cally unenforceable. A Constitution and/or the market system. Bohdan A, Futey on the proposed draft 44), and the right to health protection which gives rights that cannot be The status of organizations formed for (of May 27, 1993) of Ukraine's (Article 45), the right to rest and leisure, enforced would not be considered a seri­ the puфose of entrepreneurial activity, as Constitution, which were presented at the to a clean environment and to participate ous legal document. Therefore, the pres­ opposed to the individuals or citizens international symposium reviewing the in a full cultural life. ence of positive rights in the Constitution who form or own them, is uncertain. For document that was held in Kyyiv on June Other interesting characteristics of the may curtail protections which stem from example Article 9 guarantees the equality 20-23. The text of the draft constitution proposed draft Constitution are its length, negative rights. of various forms of ownership, and forms (with some changes made since the May descriptiveness and attempt to be all- Section II, Chapter 4, of the draft of entrepreneurship. However, Article 37 27 draft) was published in official encompassing (everything from ecologi­ Constitution attempts to guarantee social, gives "citizens" the right to private prop­ Ukrainian newspapers at the end of cally safe household items to "recuperative ecological and cultural rights. Yet, how erty and further states that "every indi­ October, It will now be up for discussion prophylactic programs" [Article 45] are does one realize these rights? A court vidual" has the right to protect his or her in Parliament. covered). This presents potential problems. would be powerless to instruct the gov­ property. Does this mean that entrepre This draft of Ukraine's Constitution, First, by being so explicit and descrip­ ernment to fulfill these guarantees. The neurial organizations do not have such as the previous drafts, continues to tive, the provisions may prove to be too government, in turn, will not have the rights? underline the tension that exists between difficult for a new government to enforce financial ability to implement these rights. Another example is Article 39 which trying to forget the past while trying to in toto. Consequently, if some of the pro­ Such constitutional aspirations only states that "cifizens" have the right to preserve the social ideals that the past visions are enforced while others are weaken the Constitution, they do not pre­ entrepreneurial activity directed at system never lived up to. As evidenced ignored, the public's confidence in the serve the authority or credibility of either obtaining profits. Does this mean only in by the May 27, 1993, proposed document as a real Constitution that pro­ the judiciary or the government. A better their individual capacity or does it Constitution, it is obvious that the tects and safeguards individual liberties place for such "guarantees" of positive include any organization that they own, drafters are inclined to obtain, and pro­ could be diminished. rights is in the Preamble or Declaration of individually or as part of a group, such as vide for the Ukrainian people, guarantees Second, the document at times incor­ Puфose, where they would be viewed as shareholders? of political freedoms and liberties they porates phrases and clauses that seem goals for which the nation strives. The Article 69 guarantees "freedom of never possessed. At the same time, how­ extremely difficult, if not impossible, to Czech Constitution, for example, defines entrepreneurship, agreements and fair ever, they appear to be leery of the radi­ define. For example, the Constitution these positive rights as aspirations, not to competition." It also states that the state cal social change that has come with the incorporates seemingly undefinable be enforced by the courts. will not interfere with the direct econom­ demise of the Soviet Union. phrases like, "primacy of universal Chapters 4 through 10 of this draft ic activity of "enteфrises." Does the term Much of the Constitution is dedicated human values" (Article 11) and provi­ need major modification. The limitations "етефгі8е" refer only to the old Soviet- to the creation and preservation of those sions like, "Remuneration . . . shall on private property and enteфrise are a style enteфrises or does it encompass all individual liberties that were suppressed ensure a minimum living standard for an great hindrance to the economic reform forms of entrepreneurial activity, includ­ during the Soviet years. Some illustrations employee and his family which corre­ that must accompany and complement ing sole proprietorships, partnerships, from the text of the draft itself include, the sponds to the scientifically based physio­ political reform. coфorations, cooperatives, etc.? right to freely travel in and outside logical and social-cultural needs of the Ukraine is experiencing an intense dis­ Ukraine (Article 26), the right to privacy human being (Article 39)." Therefore, it cussion on economic reforms. The aim is The transition from a command sys­ of correspondence and telephone conver­ seems that by attempting to cover every to introduce a free-market economy as a tem to a market economy is difficult, but sations (Article 25), the right of associa­ conceivable problem in their attempt to foundation for the economic policy of the it is necessary for the improvement of not tion (Article 31), the right to defend one's protect and guarantee rights of the citi­ nation. The desire for a free-market sys­ only the quality of economic life of the life (Article 21), the right to have access to zens of Ukraine, the drafters may inad­ tem requires a change from the old com­ people in Ukraine, but also for Ukraine's government information about oneself vertently cause the opposite effect to mand-administrative system. relations with other nations throughout the world. (Article 30), freedom from censorship occur if the Constitution proves to be The cornerstone for this change is the (Article 91), freedom from being used in unenforceable. It seems impossible to principle of private ownership of proper­ For the transition from a command to medical or scientific experiments (Article enforce language that is impossible or ty in its fullest meaning. Without private a market economy to succeed, Ukraine 23), and freedom from torture and inhu­ difficult to define. property there cannot be a free-market must also move from a command legal mane treatment (Article 23). A Constitution may include positive economy. The draft contains many limi­ system to the rule of law — the very All of these protections are illustrative and negative rights. Negative rights pro­ tations that contradict free-market princi­ foundation of a market economy. The of the Ukrainian people's legitimate fear tect against government interference by ples. Economic rights are guarantees to existence of an independent judiciary of a re-emergence of a Soviet-style limiting the role of government. They individuals against governmental should guarantee the supremacy of the regime. Ironically, on the other hand, the establish basic private rights and personal encroachment (negative rights); they rule of law. The judiciary should not only proposed draft illustrates the fear (and freedoms — such as freedom of speech, should not be placed in the same section be independent but co-equal in power lack of confidence in a capitalist system) press, religion, assembly, etc. Negative with cultural and ecological aspirations with the legislative and executive branch­ that Ukrainians seem to have in the radi­ rights are enforceable under the rule of (positive rights). es of government. cal socio-economic change that will law. A court may declare a policy or The requirement that private property In the United States, the independence result in abandoning the social aspects of enactment of the government improper or must serve the interests of society at of the judiciary has been guaranteed by a socialist/communist system. Some illegal. Positive rights require the govern­ large elicits a fear of the extent to which (Continued on page 18) BOOK NOTES Study of Ukrainian women in Canada Eyewitness account of Soviet collapse TORONTO - On the 100th anniver­ looks at the images and myths that have NEW YORK— "Letters from Kiev," the reader to follow Ms. Pavlychko as she sary of Ukrainian settlement in Canada, grown up around Ukrainian Canadian by Salomea Pavlychko, is an eyewitness responds to the the political and social fer­ the University of Toronto Press has pub­ women, why they have arisen, and how account of the tumultuous changes that ment that surrounds her. She describes lished the first interpretive study of they have been used by leaders of the led to the collapse of Soviet power in the changes that were taking place in the women of Ukrainian origin in Canada. In community. Ukraine. Written in 1990-1991, over a Communist Party and in the bureaucracy, "Wedded to the Cause," Frances Swyripa Prof. Swyripa argues that ethnicity period of several months, the book allows but even more significantly perhaps, she is combined with gender to shape the expe­ attentive to the ways in which the quotidi­ rience of Ukrainian Canadian women, as an lives of women and men — in the uni statelessness and national oppression in versity, in the office, on the streets — was the homeland joined with a negative being dramatically transformed. group stereotype and minority status in The book is translated by the well- emigration to influence women's roles known Canadian writer Myrna Kostash and options. She explores community and the text is annotated for the Western attitudes towards the peasant immigrant reader by Dr. Bohdan Krawchenko, to pioneer, towards her daughters exposed whom the letters were originally to the opportunities, prejudices and addressed. Also included are a number assimilatory pressures of the Anglo- of memorable pictures of the crisis by Canadian world, towards the "great Ukrainian photographers. women" evoked as models and sources A research associate of the Institute of of inspiration, and towards the familiar Literature at the Ukrainian Academy of "baba." Sciences since 1985, Ms. Pavlychko spe­ In these stereotypes of the female fig­ cialized in British and American literature. ure, and in the activities of women's Apart from three monographs in her area organizations, the community played out of specialization, she has translated or edit­ its many tensions: between a strong ed 10 books. Ms. Pavlychko is currently attachment to Canada and an equally writing a study on Ukrainian feminism. strong attachment to Ukraine; between "Letters from Kiev" was published in nationalists who sought to liberate January 1992 by St. Martin's Press in (Continued on page 14) (Continued on page 14) No. 46 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 14,1993

UKRAINE: TWO YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE Problems and achievement's of the Ukrainian armed forces, 1991-1993 by Major Gen. Nicholas Krawciw from the United States and from others to ratify START them wanted to come back into the Ukrainian armed I and to join the NPT regime quickly. Most Ukrainian forces. Yet the drawdown and lack of living quarters Major Gen. Nicholas Krawciw recently returned fromleaders , including Mr. Kravchuk and Gen. Morozov, prevented their quick return. A policy was announced Kyyiv where he spent one year as an advisor on defenseman y in the Parliament and a sizable proportion of the that none of these soldiers could come back into matters for the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine. Now he ispopulation , perceived that pressure as the West's refusal Ukraine's active force unless positions and apartments serving as a consultant to the Office of the U.S. Secretaryto treat Ukraine as an equal member in the family of were available. That caused a lot of unhappiness and of Defense on matters pertaining to Ukraine. nations. They saw themselves being driven back into a criticism. Gen. Krawciw retired from the U.S. Army in 1990 afterpositio n of subservience. The backlash against nuclear A more pressing issue was the need to move out with 31 years in command and staff positions. He served in divestiture set in and started growing in terms of politi­ the reorganization and drawdown, while also rebuilding Germany^ in two combat tours in Vietnam and as U.N.ca l and popular strength. the shattered morale and combat readiness of a force observer in the Middle East. His senior staff positions Another factor which added to Ukraine's hesitation to whose resources were dwindling and which had done included military assistant to the deputy secretary of go toward the non-nuclear status initially promised by little training for over a year — since the previous sum­ defense, executive officer to the supreme allied comman­its leaders is the very deep-rooted and growing fear of mer. To rebuild morale and to infuse a Ukrainian nation­ der at SHAPE in NATO, and director for NATO policy inRussi a by the majority of the population, which identi­ al spirit into his forces, Morozov created a directorate the International Security Policy Office of the secretary fieofs with Ukrainian aspirations for true political inde­ called the Psychological and Social Service. defense in Washington. He was educated at the U.S. pendence. Russian claims to Sevastopil and the Black Over 1,000 ethnically ardent Ukrainian officers were Military Academy at West Point, received an M.S. in inter-Sea Fleet, pronouncements by various Russian politi­ national affairs from George Washington University and assigned to it and were then further subassigned to every cians on the right for intervention and peacekeeping in level of staff and command. Their task was and is to completed America *s highest level diplomatic school, ththee area of the former Soviet Union, and the possible Senior Seminar of the Department of State in 1981-1982. oversee the rebuilding of morale with a Ukrainian spirit. spillover from various crises and instabilities occurring They were to ensure that Ukrainian armed forces com­ The following paper was delivered on October 9 at in Russia all contributed to the belief by many manders, most of whom at the senior command levels the conference "Ukraine: Two Years of Independence," Ukrainians that strategic nuclear weapons could some­ were Russians, were executing the prescribed programs held at York University, Toronto. how play a deterrent role against Russia. of what I will call "re-Ukrainianization." The program When Ukraine declared its independence in August Faced with these feelings and concerns, and recogniz­ included intensive Ukrainian language and history stud­ of 1991, it entered a post-Cold War world of profound ing the need for a national security policy and military ies for everyone. change. It had no mechanisms or experience in place to begin developing a security policy, a national military strategy and an appropriate force structure. Nonetheless, The task was to reorganize a force of some 700,000 men — six over the last two years, several of Ukraine's current leaders accomplished much toward creation of what is former Soviet armies with tactical nuclear weapons, a fleet, and slowly but surely becoming a Ukrainian armed force. Two years ago. President Kravchuk appointed a strategic nuclear arsenal of some 1,430 warheads into a defen­ General Konstantin Morozov the Ukrainian minister of sively oriented military establishment of 400,000 to 500,000 men. defense. With Morozov's help and with amazing coop­ eration of the legislature, Kravchuk achieved, by the end of 1991, what I would call a "re-designation" of what was a Soviet force into one which now would be strategy ("national military doctrine" as Ukrainians call Unfortunately, the charter of this directorate was too called Ukrainian. Their next task was to reorganize a all that), Morozov, without much help from the broad. It clearly infringed on the responsibilities of the force of some 700,000 men^^— six former Soviet armies President's office or from the Ministry of Foreign chain of command. A serious backlash, made evident by with tactical nuclear weapons, a fleet, and a strategic Affairs, submitted a draft "doctryna" for approval by the intentional inaction of many commanders and their out­ nuclear arsenal of some 1,430 warheads into a defen­ Parliament in the fall of 1992. It was a weak document spoken criticism, caused Minister Morozov to rein in sively oriented military establishment of 400,000 to because, in its security policy portion, it did not provide this new directorate and to slow down "re- 500,000 men. a way out from what some legislators perceived as poli­ Ukrainianization." Officers of the Psychological and That was an immense undertaking. The beginning of cy contradictions in Ukraine being "neutral, non-aligned Social Service were told to quit acting like commissars change came in January of 1992, when Parliament and non-nuclear," yet needing some counterweight to and were directed to become staff assistants to the com­ passed some basic laws pertaining to the Ukrainian the Russian threat. manders. Meanwhile, the better commanders were slow­ armed forces, their interior and border troops. At the Thus, the document was wide open to criticism from ly making inroads to also eliminate the traditional haz­ same time. Minister Morozov started asking the com­ various quarters of the legislature. And so, this first ing among the lower ranks. manders and soldiers of all units to take loyalty oaths to attempt to define Ukraine's security policy was defeated As for combat readiness, not much could be done in Ukraine. These two actions could be considered the by opponents in the Parliament. Revisions of the "mili­ 1992. The economic situation continued deteriorating. beginning of the actual "transformation" of the old tary doctrine" have been made but have not yet made it There were barely enough funds to pay all the people in Soviet force into a Ukrainian one. back to the floor of the Parliament. the armed forces. Very little was left over for training The basic laws that were enacted gave the armed Other issues had to be tackled during the late sum­ and maintenance of equipment, two very important ele­ forces some general missions such as, "defend the ter­ mer and fall of 1992 by the Ministry of Defense. Some ments of combat readiness. ritorial integrity of Ukraine," but provided no specific 120,000 Ukrainian officers were serving outside of Meanwhile, the structural reorganization was also run­ scenarios and tasks which are usually found in a Ukraine, all over the former Soviet Union. Most of ning into problems. Strong opposition developed against national military strategy. Kravchuk and other mem­ the drawdown of educational institutions. Military and bers of his government declared Ukraine "neutral, non- civilian faculties of all the schools selected for closure nuclear and non-aligned." Furthermore, the Ukrainian started political agitation against Morozov and his direc­ leadership, while trying to define what Ukraine stood tor of military education. Gen. Prokofiev. They used the for, was also just starting to visualize the threats to the predominantly socialist press to lambaste what really was new state, but the armed forces were not provided with a very sensible educational reorganization. any scenarios for which they could organize and train. Another reorganizational action, not mentioned so In other words, there was no national security policy far, was carried out more smoothly in 1992. It involved guidance from which a military strategy could be creating operational commands out of the former developed. Сафагіїіап and Odessa military districts and an Armed Thus, with meager guidance but with considerable Forces Headquarters Command out of the Kyyiv mili­ determination. Minister Morozov pressed on with the tary region. The headquarters command in Kyyiv, the transformation of the armed forces. Soldiers who Crimea, and all of the Left-Bank Ukraine, a^s Ukraine refused to take the loyalty oath were separated from the east of the Dnipro River is known, was placed into the army; programs to introduce Ukrainian language, histo­ area of the Odessa Operational Command. The only crit­ ry and military heritage were designed and sent out for icism of this realignment was raised mainly by the more implementation. Hat badges with the Ukrainian trident nationalistic legislators from western Ukraine, who were issued for all soldiers. Also, by mid-1992, the reor­ observed that this organizational structure lacked a ganization of the military educational system was under­ strategic reserve command and that, as forces were dis­ taken. It envisioned a gradual contraction of 34 former posed in the two operational commands, there was little Soviet Army schools into seven Ukrainian military insti­ if any combat power in Left-Bank Ukraine. tutions. The Black Sea Fleet became another contentious issue. By all indications, Ukraine's transfer of tactical Strong popular opinion in Ukraine demanded that a nuclear weapons to Russia in the spring of 1992 was Ukrainian Navy be formed as soon as possible. However, carried out primarily to maintain political good will and political negotiations with Russia on division of that fleet to induce economic assistance from the West and not as were not moving quickly. Finally, in June of 1992 in an action in support of some coherent security policy Yalta, Kravchuk managed to get Yeltsin's agreement to objective. Also in that vein, Kravchuk signed START I divide the fleet and there was some hope in the air in and the Lisbon protocol to the NPT as a non-nuclear Kyyiv that things were finally moving. Morozov appoint­ state. The results of these gestures were disappointing ed Admiral Kozhyn as commander of the Ukrainian Navy, for Ukraine's leaders. Instead of Western applause and help, they started to receive immediate intense pressure M^jor Gen. Nicholas Krawciw (Continued on page 19) 10 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 14,1993 No. 46 BOOK REVIEW: Ukraine's dilemmas after gaining independence Alexander J, Motyl, Dilemmas of Independence. Ukraine After Totalitarianism. move out of the crisis. covered to any great degree in Dr. (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1993) It is arguably the case that there would Motyl's book, these questions, and par­ have been social (and maybe ethnic) ticularly the management of these issues by Taras Kuzio unrest in Ukraine regardless of whether by Ukraine's leadership, will play a dom­ either the Baltic and the Trans-Caucasian The availability of English-language lit­ Kyyiv adopted reformist or conservative inant role in Ukraine's future evolution. republics, on the one hand, or Central policies. In the Ukrainian case conserva­ How difficult it will be for any erature on contemporary Ukrainian affairs Asia and Belarus. is abysmal. Although Ukraine was one of tive policies were adopted in the name of Ukrainian leadership can be gauged by In Ukraine, the counter-elites were "stability" which has progressively trans­ the demands raised in summer 1993 for a the largest republics of the former USSR in never sufficiently strong enough to take terms of population and territory, possess­ lated into stagnation. Not only is there no referendum on Ukraine's national sym­ power (they never broke through the 50 light at the end of the tunnel, but the es large armed forces and nuclear weapons bols. Ukraine and Russia have incompati­ percent barrier in opinion polls). National Ukrainian leadership seems oblivious to and is of obvious strategic importance, its ble historical myths and national interests. consciousness also was unevenly spread the domestic challenges to independent study has been sorely neglected in Western A general refusal by Russia to treat throughout the republic, while a major statehood that the domestic political and Ukraine as an equal partner, perpetuation academic circles. Alexander J. Motyl's regional cleavage exists between eastern economic crisis portends, preferring to of the "elder-little brother" relationship, book, therefore, is to be welcomed in fill­ and western Ukraine due to different lega­ concentrate upon external threats. and thereby the Ukrainian inferiority ing a large gap in knowledge about con­ cies of Russian and Austrian external dom­ Although it is the case that Mr. complex, have both produced an exagger­ temporary independent Ukraine. ination. But the counter elites were suffi­ Kravchuk played an important role in ated perception of threat in Kyyiv as well Dr. Motyl, assistant director of the ciently strong to propel Ukraine in the smoothing die transition to independence, as shift towards a pro-nuclear stance. Harriman Institute at Columbia direction of independence and to divide the as Dr. Motyl points out, neverdieless the Continued Russian pressure and territorial University, is a specialist on Soviet Communist Party into "imperial" and situation seems to have outgrown him. demands, the author correctly points out, nationality affairs with a particular inter­ "national" factions. When national com­ Dr. Motyl's book, although praiseworthy prioritizes security considerations in the est in Ukraine. Readers who hope to find munists and the nationalist movement unit­ of President Kravchuk, fails to tackle his eyes of the Ukrainian leadership, leading masses of data on events and chronolo­ ed in December 1991, Ukraine achieved its failure to rise up to the occasion as a gen­ to a neglect of economic reform. gies will be disappointed. Dr. Motyl's independence — but at a price. uine national leader. President Kravchuk This prioritization of security consid­ book deals with the conceptual context It is the discussion of this "price," cre­ not only failed to grasp the initiative in erations and the survival of the newly within which the newly independent ated by an uneasy alliance with the the fu*st half of 1992 to implement sweep­ independent state at a time of domestic Ukraine and, in particular, its leaders, ancien regime in Ukraine, that is conspic­ ing changes, his emphasis upon "stabili­ crisis could bring to fruition dangerous had to operate after December 1991 uously missing from Dr. Motyl's book. It ty" has left the ancien regime de facto in scenarios. It is with regard to these sce­ when the referendum gave an over­ is undoubtedly the case, as the author power while failing to articulate a vision narios that Dr.Motyl's book is exem­ whelming endorsement of 90 percent to points out, that for Ukraine to follow the (unlike, one could argue. President Boris plary. Authoritarian rule cannot be ruled Ukraine's break from the former USSR. advice of Western "specialists" it would Yeltsin) for a modem, Westem-oriented out at a time of deep crisis, powerful "Dilemmas of Independence: Ukraine armed forces, a corrupt state and After Totalitarianism" covers a wide demands for a "strong man" president. variety of subjects. In the preface Dr. The starting point for an understanding of The armed forces are too closely tied to Motyl lays out his "premises" and "bias­ the raison d'etre of the Ukrainian state es," going on to discuss the historical Ukraine's ''dilemma'' is the impact of 300 years and, therefore, could be tempted to inter­ background to contemporary Ukraine's vene in the political process. Democratic drive for independence. Other chapters of Russian imperialism and 70 years of Soviet institutions and civil society still are deal with forging a new national identity, totalitarianism. weak, providing a window of opportunity Russian-Ukrainian relations, economic for radical right authoritarian forces. problems and building a new ruling elite. Dr. Motyl is rather too optimistic The book ends with a survey of the probably lead to de-industrialization, and Ukrainian state. about Ukraine and unduly pessimistic dilemmas faced by the West. political and social instability. The resul­ Dr. Motyl brings out some of the fail­ about Russia. The author believes that The starting point for an understanding tant impact of economic reform, such as ures of the Ukrainian leadership which Russia is "too large and complex" to sur­ of Ukraine's "dilemma" is the impact of unemployment, in eastem Ukraine would was not prepared for independence in vive, has an imperial legacy to grapple 300 years of Russian imperialism and 70 be both social and ethnic due to the large autumn-winter 1991. The former colonial with, and bloated armed forces and mili­ years of Soviet totalitarianism. As Dr. numbers of Russians and Russian-speak­ bureaucracy was accustomed to operating tary industrial complex. Although Motyl points out, Ukraine's predicament ing Ukrainians residing there. in a servile manner, taking orders from Russia's problems are undoubtedly is far worse than that faced by former The choice faced by the Ukrainian Moscow and not taking any initiative. severe, its economy seems to be in better colonies of the Western powers who suf­ leadership, therefore, was either rapid eco­ The Ukrainian bureaucracy in particular, shape than Ukraine's, an economic fered only from imperialism. For exam­ nomic reform and social unrest or greater was shaped by the 17 Brezhnev years of reform program has been implemented ple, the Indian nationalist elites inherited attention to social and political stability as the "era of stagnation" when Volodymyr and supported by President Yeltsin British political institutions with which to the economy continued to spiral down­ Shcherbytsky ruled Ukraine with an iron (unlike in Ukraine) and, more important­ build the world's largest democracy and ward in crisis. President Leonid Kravchuk fist as Communist Party first secretary. ly, the Russian leadership has forged a did not have to contend with the legacy adopted the second approach, supporting The "era of stagnation" tolerated the new post-Soviet sense of mission and of totalitarianism. his highly incompetent former Prime growth of widespread corruption and vision (which is lacking within Ukraine.) In Ukraine, according to Dr. Motyl, the Minister Vitold Fokin until autumn 1992. nepotism within the Ukrainian bureaucra­ Indeed, the potential for separatism is as "dilemma" faced by the Ukrainian leader­ The ancien regime was satisfied that, in cy. Unfortunately, little has still been great in Ukraine as it is in Russia. ship was twofold. On the one hand, the return for not opposing independence, undertaken to deal with these problems Relations with Ukraine's neighbors are disintegration of the Soviet empire their positions and privileges under which, in Ukraine, is dangerous because fully covered in Dr. Motyl's book, and encouraged rapid and fundamental change President Kravchuk remained secure. the allegiance of this former Soviet thus volume is an important contribution to where the population was more receptive Former Prime Minister Fokin, himself a bureaucracy is to itself, — and not neces­ the literature dealing with relations to it. The appeal of nationalism was of a Russian, was a reassuring presence to sarily to the newly independent state (as between the republics of the fomier USSR. new beginning and a brighter future. At Eastem Ukrainians and the nomenklatura is becoming increasingly clear). It is no exaggeration to argue, as does Dr. the same time, the demise of Soviet totali­ Although Ukraine experienced a peri­ Another legacy of external domination Motyl, that Ukrainian-Russian relations tarianism undermined the ability of post- od of stability, in contrast to the bulk of and Soviet totalitarianism is the need to hold the key to "world peace." In addition, Soviet elites to adopt radical policies and the former USSR in 1992, the economy rebuild the Ukrainian nation without, at Western policy in particular has merely for the population to withstand their was neglected and no program has yet the same time, harming relations with the served to heighten Ukrainian insecurity effects. Therefore, the Ukrainian leader­ been organized to deal with the crisis. national minorities. The promotion of a and its inferiority complex. Dr. Motyl is ship lacked the institutions needed to be But this stability was not used to push new national identity will involve the very critical of the West throughout 1992 consistent policy-makers. through change or attract large-scale for­ propagation of popular myths and sym­ for its sluggishness in accepting the disin­ Radical change, when it was adopted eign investment by producing an attrac­ bols that are not narrowly ethnic. There is tegration of the former USSR. Dr. Motyl in some of the post-Soviet republics, has tive economic climate. Although eco­ a need for the newly independent state to points to the "Ukrainian complex" that always been heavily resisted by the nomic reform has been largely absent forge a non-exclusionary nationalism exists in the West: Ukraine is portrayed as ancien regime still in place, especially at from the agenda of Ukraine's leadership, which would not repel the large Russian "extremist, nationalistic, irrational and the local level. The result has been the the standard of living has continued to minority, especially in the Crimea, but, at untrustworthy," while Russia is described return to power in republics such as decline with hyperinflation. the same time, would satisfy the needs of as "cool, level-headed and trustworthy." Georgia, Azerbaijan and Lithuania of The dominant popular mood holds the westem and central Ukrainians that they Ukraine is treated as an "appendage" of national communists who have agreed to view that although the population has are building a "genuine" Ukrainian state. Russia; a product of the "intellectual privi­ slow down the tempo of reform, do not suffered from the economic crisis it sees Ukraine is, in fact, a country with its leging of Russia" in the West. seem threatening to national minorities no benefits further down the road. In feet in two worlds and cultures- Central The West, in Dr. Motyl's eyes, should stop giving "bad advice" on economic and who look favorably at repairing rela­ other words, the people have suffered the and Eastern Europe — one pulling for­ affairs, enhance Ukraine's security envi­ tions with Russia and the Commonwealth "shock" without experiencing the "thera­ wards towards "rejoining the West" ronment, promote economic stability and of Independent States (CIS). In Ukraine py." Although Ukraine possesses poten­ through the Visegrad Quadrangle and the tially one of the best resource bases in the other pulling backwards towards reinte­ competent elites. Although all of these national communists (and not national­ policy suggestions are highly recom­ ists) remained in power and translated the former USSR, its leadership has badly gration with Russia and the CIS. This, in mismanaged the economy, whose crisis tum, has influenced Ukraine's stormiest mended, the Ukrainian leadership itself demands of counter- elites into reality. In has to come to terms with a number of this respect, Ukraine is different from is on par with war-torn economies like ongoing debate and polarization into pro- Azerbaijan. No understanding of the seri­ and anti-federalization camps, together uncomfortable factors. The West will ousness of the devastating consequences with growing demands for regional always regard Russia as geopolitically Taras Kuzio is a research associate at and strategically the most important of the International Institute for Strategic of hyper- inflation exists, while no autonomy in the Donbas, the Odessa Studies in London. reform program has been formulated to region and Transcarpathia. Although not (Continued on page 16) No. 46 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1993 Exhibit showcases icons and glasspaintings by Yaroslava Surmach Mills

by Helen Smindak NEW YORK — Yaroslava Surmach Mills has been discovering and reviving Ukrainian art techniques since her childhood — from the batik method of decorating pysanky to glasspainting, iconography, stained glass, etching and pictorial flourishing. Her love of Ukrainian art and folklore made her a popular lecturer and demonstrator of the egg-decorating art, inspired her to illustrate a large number of children's books based on Ukrainian folk tales, and has brought her awards for book and magazine illustrations. It also resulted in her discovery of the art of reverse painting on glass and, subsequendy, to the development of unique glasspaintings with Ukrainian themes that appeal to many people. Her vignettes of Ukrainian folk life have been reproduced on greeting cards, and UNICEF chose a Yaroslava glasspainting of Ukrainian carol singers for one of its Christmas cards. The New Yorker magazine, in a 1982 story, described the glasspaintings of this American-bom artist as "small, jeweled scenes from Ukrainian village life." The artist defines her radiant, brightly colored paintings on glass as "my interpretation of Ukraine — the way I visualize folk scenes and customs described by my father." Some years ago, Mrs. Mills took up iconography and studied for seven years with icon expert Vladislav Andreyev. She employs the ancient method of egg tem­ pera painting on wood panels and has become so profi­ cient in this medium that she now teaches special classes in icon painting. Her most recent work in the spheres of iconography and reverse painting on glass will be exhibited during Thanksgiving week at the gallery of the Ukrainian Artists' Association in New York, 136 Sdft)nd Ave. (fourth floor). Although she has exhibited in coundess group shows and in some 35 one-woman shows here A sketch by Yaroslava Surmach Mills for her glasspainting titled "Dinner at Christmas Eve.' and in Canada, this will be the first solo show in New Yaroslava Mills' enthusiasm for Ukrainian visual art tors were first permitted to visit Ukraine, she made the York City in 20 years for this talented and versatile began when her mother taught her how to decorate first of many trips to her parents' native land. While artist. pysanky for Easter. It was developed further in the "Old researching pysanky in museum archives and libraries, The weeklong exhibit (it opens November 21 and World" atmosphere of the Ukrainian bookshop operated she became intrigued with a little-known art form — runs through November 28) will include other examples by her father, the late Myron Surmach, on Manhattan's reverse painting on glass. of the artist's creativity: etchings, pictorial flourishing Lower East Side. Glasspaintings by Yaroslava are so highly admired and children's books she has illustrated and/or written, that the artist has even been commissioned to do glass- as well as sketches of stained glass windows. A graduate of The Cooper Union Art School in New York, she taught at Manhattanville College and was art painted portraits of families and their homes by the On November 26, Mrs. Mills will offer gallery visi­ Watson family of IBM fame and opera great Beverly tors a talk on her art background and the techniques she editor of Humpty Dumpty's Magazine for Little uses in her work. Children for 10 years. In 1956, the year that U.S. visi­ (Continued on page 15) IN THE FOOTLIGHTS: The Odessa Philharmonic's American conductor by Khristina Lew the Bregenz Spring Festival titled "East Parliamentary Chairman Ivan Pliushch. attended school in Great Britain, where Meets West." Those who have witnessed the cou­ he received an artists' diploma in clarinet JERSEY CITY, N.J. — When the A month and a half later, in June, the pling of Mr. Earle and the Odessa from Trinity College of Music in Odessa Philharmonic Orchestra performs Odessa Philharmonic became the first Philharmonic Orchestra comment on the London. A 1983 magna cum laude grad­ its first concert in the United States at orchestra from Ukraine to appear at the strong atmosphere emanaring from the uate of Princeton University, he was Chicago's Orchestra Hall on November prestigious Musikverein in Vienna, stage. Mr. Earle credits this symbiosis to awarded the Isidore and Helen Sacks 19, it will be conducted by the young where it performed two Chomobyl bene­ the temperament of southern people. Memorial Prize in Music. He retumed to American conductor Hobart Earle. fit concerts. The $20,000 raised was "People from Odessa are really a south- Europe in 1983 to study conducting at The energetic Mr. Earle has been the donated to two Odessa hospitals that treat em people. I, being bom and brought up the Academy of Music in Vienna, and his orchestra's principal guest conductor since children victims of Chomobyl. in Venezuela, also have this southern conducting teachers have included 1991 and its music director since 1992. In January of this year, the orchestra temperament, so somehow the chemistry Ferdinand Leitner, Leonard Bernstein Under his tutelage, the Odessa performed a sold-out Chomobyl benefit works." and Seiji Ozawa. Philharmonic Orchestra has expanded its concert in Kyyiv, which was opened by Born in Caracas in 1960, Hobart Earle He considers himself integrated into repertoire to include German, Austrian Austrian society and has conducted the and American music, and has packed con­ Vienna Chamber Orchestra, the Vienna cert halls in Odessa, Kyyiv, Lviv, Tonkunstler Orchestra and the Noord- Chemivtsi, Ivano-Frankivske, Kirovohrad, Nederlands Orkest in Holland. He first Poltava, Temopil, Uzhhorod, Moscow and visited Ukraine in 1990, when the St. Petersburg, as well as in Austria and "American Music Ensemble Vienna," Spain. which he founded in 1987, was invited to In May 1992, in its first Austrian perform in Odessa. "My relationship with appearance, the Odessa Philharmonic the city of Odessa, with Ukraine, with the performed to great acclaim a concert of Odessa Philharmonic Orchestra some­ all American music, with an encore of how was just meant to happen. Because it the overture to Lysenko's opera "Taras was all somehow fate, or whatever you Bulba," at the Bregenz Spring Festival. want," he said. Fritz Jurmann of Austrian National Radio After his chamber orchestra completed wrote of the performance, "And so, on its tour, he was invited to guest conduct the evening of May 9, 1992, these the Odessa Philharmonic. The invitation Ukrainian musicians performed typically came at a time when the orchestra's prin­ American fare: works by Bernstein, cipal conductor had just left and the Copland and Sousa, permeated with ele­ orchestra was looking for a replacement. ments of jazz, blues, Latin and swing. It was an uncertain time, Mr. Earle And they played this music in such a explained. "The orchestra was in a situa­ way, as if they had never known anything tion where you didn't know what was else in their life." going to happen, just like with a lot of The performance of the Odessa places in Ukraine. I came to conduct Philharmonic Orchestra was one of two them and fell in love with them at first (Continued on page 22) chosen for a compact disc recording of Hobart Earle conducts. 12 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1993 No. 46 TEACHING ENGLISH IN UKRAINE: Four wee

Following is the first in a series of arti­ cles written by volunteers who participated in the ''Teaching English in Ukraine" pro­ gram co-sponsored by the Ukrainian National Association and the Prosvita Ukrainian Language Society.

by Adrianna Melnyk I arrived in Kyyiv at 4:30 in the after­ noon, not completely certain that somebody would meet me and travel with me to Beryslav, the tiny port town in southern Ukraine where I would be teaching English for four weeks. All I knew was that it was a 12-hour train ride south of Kyyiv. I guess I was lucky, for after passing through the short "Diplomatic and Official Missions" customs line at the аіфогі, I saw my retinue anxiously awaiting me. They immediately took my luggage (it is considered disgraceful for foreign women to carry their own bags in Ukraine) and led me off to feed me. It was no use explaining that I had just disembarked from a Lufthansa flight, where the longest interval between meals is two hours, I was wel­ comed with the now-traditional vodka and "buterbrody," or sandwiches. My hosts were Liudmyla Slusar, the head of the Prosvita organization in Kyyiv, and her daughter, as well as Oleksander Boyko, who would be my host once we arrived in Beryslav. They showed me the Prosvita building in Kyyiv. Prosvita currently occupies two small rooms in a dingy, run-down building a few blocks from Khreshchatyk in downtown Kyyiv. It is not surprising that books Adrianna Melnyk (standing fourth from left) with her English as a second language class in Beryslav, southern Ukraine. shipped from overseas were in unopened boxes on the floor. Liudmyla and her cleaner than it had been the day before in rounding this area. It had been home to food — the land is fertile and the vegetation daughter spoke with disgust about Kyyiv. many wandering Asian tribes — Mongols, bountiful. Prosvita's accommodations. In fact, every­ We were greeted by the head of Prosvita Turks, Tatars. Because of its proximity to The inhabitants of this region were vir­ body I met that night in Kyyiv was unhappy in Beryslav, Yuriy Yeremenko, who wel­ the Black Sea, many inhabitants of the tually unaffected by the Chomobyl disaster about something: the leaders, the economy, comed me to the "land of the Kozaky." He Crimean peninsula, — Greeks and even which, in other parts of Ukraine, is begin­ the lack of national consciousness. I decid­ wore an embroidered shirt and astounded Middle Eastern nomads, had eventually set­ ning to have an impact on the day-to-day ed that the feelings of the residents of the me with the clarity of his Ukrainian. Not a tled in the Kherson oblast. lives of the people. Political developments capital city are representative of the general single "da" from him. During our two-hour His familiarity with the history of the are irrelevant to the people here; they are sentiment in the country, and prepared ride to Beryslav, he told me much about the region was amazing. Before leaving the so far removed from events in Kyyiv that myself for a very long five weeks. city where I would be teaching. It was the United States, I had been told not to expect they are completely indifferent to their own Mr. Boyko and I left that night for epitome of a steppe town, he said. anything "Ukrainian" in these parts. I had leaders. After a few days there, I realized Beryslav. After a sleepless night, which I The air was clean, nature beautiful — he researched the area and had gotten the why this was so. The Kherson region is one spent pretending that I was a fugitive on a boasted of the fields of poppies and of the impression that the area was full of people of the many areas in Ukraine where the war train, we arrived in Kherson, the oblast medicinal qualities of the plentiful who needed to be educated about their own political leadership has not yet begun to capital. It was already afternoon, the sun "voloshky" (com flowers). Mr. Yeremenko history and culture. change. was shining brightly, and the air was much also spoke proudly about the history sur- Slightly embarrassed about my superfi­ Revolution in national consciousness cial knowledge of Ukrainian history, I brought up one of my carefully researched This became evident when the main tele­ facts about the area. "I read that most of the vision station for the oblast refused to air an landscape of Beryslav comprises sunflower interview with me. The men at the top fields. I haven't seen a single sunflower refused to acknowledge that a division of yet." Mr. Yeremenko chuckled before Prosvita not only exists, but is active in answering. "Sunflowers do not bloom until their oblast. To them, Prosvita represents a August. It is not even June yet ..." Feeling huge revolution in the national conscious­ like an ignorant American, I remained quiet ness of the people. for the rest of our trip. I spent a good deal of my time in Beryslav arguing with Communist ideo­ Breathtaking landscape logues. On my third day there, Ms. We arrived in Beryslav a few hours later. Skypchyk, a close friend of the Bo^'^os, The landscape was breathtaking. The gold­ wanted to show me the dress rehea of en fields of wheat and barley stretched on her new production. She had quit her job as forever. I was welcomed by Mr. Boyko's a journalist a few years earlier because she wife, Oksana, their 6-year-old daughter, was tired of battling the widespread censor­ Marichka, and their close friend, Laryssa ship of the city newspaper. Deciding to fol­ Skypchyk. We ate dinner, which surprising­ low her lifelong dream of working in the ly did not include the usual meat or lard. theater, she had taken advantage of They explained to me that eating habits Gorbachev's glasnost policies and had here were very different from those in other begun to renew the long-dead "narodnyi parts of Ukraine. Because of the warm cli­ teatr" (people's theater) in Beryslav. All of mate, fruits and vegetables are plentiful. I her productions were in Ukrainian, and all had a feeling that everything was different centered on cultural themes in order to raise in these parts. the consciousness of the audience. Because It turns out that the small-town atmos­ there was no auditorium in town, this pro­ phere of Beryslav (it has a population of duction had to be staged at the local "rad- 20,000), as well as its distance from the hosp," or state farm. large cosmopolitan areas prevalent in west- Before the following incident, I had not em and eastern Ukraine, contributes to the understood the magnitude and scope of col­ relaxed attitude of its citizens. Southern lectivization. It was a beautiful, sunny after­ Ukraine is a huge resort area, known for its noon when we arrived at the radhosp named The Boyko family, Oksana, Oleksander and daughter Marichka (in tree), poses with climate and for the beauty of its steppes. in honor of the 40th anniversary of the Adrianna Melnyk before her departure. Nobody in southern Ukraine worries about October Revolution. Laryssa's production No. 46 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1993 13 in the southern port town of Beryslav lot until 7 p.m., but the director of the could not fathom the notion of an "indepen­ Russian Orthodox Church and conducts to be Ukrainian. They want to know more, )Sp wanted to show me around and dent" woman, one who makes choices for services in Russian, and Ukrainian tradi­ they want to meet more Ukrainians from d us to dinner, herself. tions are mixed with Russian ones. abroad. They were so thankful that "we ^ walked into his oak-paneled office, We spent three hours each morning Few people here know who they really have not forgotten them." 2 he was sitting behind a mahogany working from textbooks and audiocassettes, are, but those who do are spreading the I spent a week in Temopil visiting rela­ on a long-distance call with Moscow, learning grammar, vocabulary, and idiomat­ word. People like the Boykos, Mr. tives before I left for home. Everybody id him was a wall-size framed portrait ic expressions. The last hour was the most Yeremenko, and Ms. Skypchyk are not the there knows we have not forgotten them. ;nin, red background and all. He fin- entertaining, as I reserved it for "conversa­ norm in Beryslav, but they are respected for They are more Ukrainian than we are, and [ his call and stood up to greet us: tion hour." their knowledge and their "Ukrainianness." they frown upon the "Moskali" of areas like istvuyte..." He welcomed me to his This is the time we spent getting to know Many of my students spoke with high the Kherson region. »sp, and promised to show me a stan- each other. They told me about their lives, I regard about the existence of Prosvita in Upon my return home, I could only think of living that I would not see else- told them about mine. They caught me up on their town. They are ready to change their of what Oleksander Boyko and his wife Ї in f '^^wn. the gossip of the town, using brand-new beliefs. They are beginning to re-examine said to me as I was leaving. "Go home and mediately the conversation turned to English expressions, such as "Liudmila gave what they have been taught all of their tell people that there are Ukrainians here, ics. Laryssa argued fervently that her husband the boot when she found out he lives, and what they have been teaching the too. We want to live in a free Ukraine just cracy and capitalism were necessary was cheating on her." It seemed as if every young generation. like everybody else; we want to be as kraine. Asking Laryssa what an inde­ day, some student hoping to get brownie Ukrainian as people in western Ukraine." points told me I had a "heart of gold." Hope for the future nt Ukraine had given her, the director It is up to us to go to Beryslav, and to go eded in quieting her. We talked much about their cultural My visit also left them full of hope for to the many towns like it. The people there identity, and how it has changed over the the future. The day I was leaving, the Tour of state farm need our help — they begged me to return last few years. Some of the teachers were school board announced that beginning this next year, or to send one of my friends. і began to explain to me that Ukraine's ethnically non-Ukrainian, but had adopted year, all the schools in the oblast would This is a turning point in their lives and in 5 lies in the further collectivization of some sort of "Ukrainian consciousness." I become "Ukrainian schools." The official their children's lives. They need to sort out ind. I did not say anything, for I want- soon discovered that the Boykos and Mr. language would be Ukrainian, in all sub­ the many complexities of their national Yeremenko were not representative of the see for myself the grandeur of this jects. My students had much polishing up to consciousness. Economics and politics population: few people in the town spoke •sp. We began our tour with the nurs- do over the summer before they went back alone cannot bind the Ukrainian people ЗГ children. Indeed, the cribs were all fluent Ukrainian, even fewer were as to teach in the fall. knowledgeable about their history and cul­ together the way a shared cultural identity of solid oak, the toys all western and We said our farewells very emotionally can. It is our responsibility to provide them m. We continued to the library, which ture. All, however, were very eager to over a huge breakfast on the morning of my learn. with the informarion and knowledge that -ocked up and empty of people. The departure. That morning, we sang songs to we have acquired in our world. > were all leather-bound and included Everybody I met apologized immediate­ which I had written out the words. My stu­ works of literature, including about 50 ly for their extremely Russified dialect of dents had recopied them and had learned Adrianna Melnyk is a sophomore study­ s of "The Communist Manifesto." The Ukrainian. Many of them did not know them in time for my departure, and were so ing at Columbia University. The aspiring ure was all brand new and looked as if much about the Ukrainian diaspora, and proud to show me that they could sing "like journalist hails from New Haven, Conn., і never been used. were embarrassed that my Ukrainian was people from the diaspora." and was recently chosen as Miss Soyuzivka ; showed me all the other attractions, better than theirs. Somewhere they had The people in towns like Beryslav want 1994. as a deserted bar and restaurant, an heard of Ukrainian communities in the ly deserted modem gymnasium, a bal- Western world, but none of them had ever jhearsal hall, and finally the theater expected to meet somebody from these dis­ e Laryssa's production was to be tant lands. Wherever I went, I was thanked d. The theater had been designed by a endlessly for not having forgotten about the ian architect in the Baroque style, people in Ukraine. ilete with intricate gold carvings on the The social scene and ceiling. у patience was wearing thin through- Because Beryslav is such a small town, I le tour, for I saw Laryssa's awestruck socialized with my students on a regular on to the beauty of every building, but basis. We attended the same birthday par­ ustration culminated when the director ties, banquets, anniversary parties, etc. At to Laryssa, "The people of Beryslav one particular birthday party, the cake was )t even dream of having such a beauti- brought out, but everybody was silent. 1 leater in their town, ever." Laryssa asked why nobody was singing "Mnohaya c her head with tears in her eyes. Lita," and they looked at me as if I were 'h yes they can," I replied, "and some- crazy. hey will." 1 asked him why all of his One older man seemed to know what I ;iful buildings were unoccupied, and was talking about, and said "Oh yes, I recall 5 the people of the radhosp were. I told reading about that somewhere — they used wanted to see the workers. He replied to sing that in the Middle Ages, right? It this was not possible, so I quietly was reserved for the aristocrats on special 3d away to do some exploring of my occasions." Never before had I thought of Laryssa walked away with me, while the traditional "Mnohaya Lita" as aristo­ irector pleaded with us not to go. We cratic. The more I got to know the people of 3d through the fields and saw women Beryslav, the more differences like these hildren watering the wheat with water- surfaced. ans. Some women were pregnant. We One evening at another party, the women I them why they were working so hard. began to sing. First they began singing in ЗГЄ else can we go?" they asked us. Russian, and then, remembering that I was have lived here all our lives. We have there, they switched to Ukrainian. The only and a home, what else do we need?" problem was that they knew only the at dt; the radhosp is clearly etched melodies of most of the songs. I filled in the / memory as the da}^ I understood why words for them, and before I left, they s are changing so slowly in Ukraine, asked me to write down the lyrics to about le are trapped not only by their actual 20 songs for them. I have since sent "spi- essness, but by their despondent atti- vannyky" (song books) to Beryslav. That . I began teaching the very next day, night, one man said to me that much of dy full of mixed emotions about my Ukraine's future depends on the resurgence n Beryslav. of folk traditions. The problem is that these traditions are The student body closely tied to the church calendar and vari­ у students were teachers of English ous forms of religious observance. In places the four high schools in the town. The such as Beryslav, where there is no history day they argued with me about the of an independent Ukrainian Church, peo­ h of each lesson. They had never heard ple have no religious beliefs. Therefore, it four-hour class in any subject! I told is difficult for them to relate to many folk that in America, all classes last for traditions. They and their parents have lived lours, and that is why America is such their lives without the customs that would at country. They were amused and did give them a Ukrainian identity. omplain after that. Most of my stu- 1993 is the first year that Christmas and ; were women, and we spoke much Easter were celebrated traditionally in : the differences betv/een women in the Beryslav, but the 18th century wooden d States and women in Ukraine. They church in the town still is controlled by the The 18 th century Zaporozhian church in Beryslav. 14 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1993 No. 46 Hetman's fortunes shift as bank comes to the rescue study... by Olena W. Stercho Hetman's Ukrainian sponsors, responded based upon that country's former defense (Continued from page 8) to the decision to withdraw from con­ industry. Organizations or individuals Ukraine from Polish and Soviet rule and COLLEGEVILLE, Pa. — In the tention by agreeing, at a special session interested in helping out this important progressives who saw themselves as part October 31 edition of The Ukrainian held on October 24, to provide financing effort, should contact Helena Kulyk, 1- of an international proletariat; between Weekly this contributor reported that the not only for the repairs needed to 800-766-0914, for further information. women's responsibihties as mothers and Hetman Sahaidachny, one of the Hetman's keel and sails, but for the sec­ homemakers and their obligation to par­ Ukrainian entries in the Whitbread The Whitbread, sailing's most presti­ ond and third legs of the race from Punta gious race, is held every four years. The ticipate in both Canadian and community round-the-world sailing race, had pulled del Este, Uruguay, to Fremantle, Ufe. out of contention during the third week quadrennial event, which started with 16 Australia, and from Fremantle to New yachts this year, splits the voyage into five of October as a result of a damaged keel Zealand. The news of Hradobank's last- Prof. Swyripa finds that the concerns and a lack of funds to make the necessary stages. The ports of call include Punta del of community leaders did not always minute rescue coincided with official Este, Uruguay, Fremantle, Australia, repairs. After publication, it was learned greetings from Ukraine's president, coincide with those of the grassroots that the winds of Hetman's fortunes sud­ Auckland, New Zealand, then back to and that the two often pulled in opposite Leonid Kravchuk, wishing Hetman suc­ Punta del Este, on to Fort Lauderdale, denly shifted when Hradobank of Kyyiv cess in its resurrected effort. directions. The differences wer^best Fla., and back to Southampton. expressed in the evolution of thJ s- came through with emergency financing The Hetman is presently at a naval to repair the keel. Of the original 16 entrants, two have ant immigrant pioneer woman as a base in Montevideo, Uruguay, complet­ group symbol, where the tensions According, on October 28, Yuriy ing its repairs. It is anticipated that it will dropped out, including the USA's Semeniuk of the Hetman Sahaidachny Women's Challenge. Two of the remain­ between a cultural ethnic consciousness be ship-shape and ready to sail when the and a politicized national consciousness Syndicate announced the yacht was race to Fremantle resumes on November ing yachts are Ukrainian: the Hetman and resuming its trophy bid. 13. Those interested in race coverage the Odessa 200. Given the exorbitant costs as the core of Ukrainian-Canadian iden­ Hetman's difficulties began when it should stay tuned to ESPN, which had of the race, it is truly impressive that tity were played out in the female fig­ ran aground in low tide on several occa­ planned to broadcast 10 shows on the entries from the fledghngUkrainia n nation ure. sions while berthed at Hamble Point Whitbread throughout the year. (Check comprise one-seventh of the entire flotilla. The author, a descendant of the first Marina in Southampton, England, the your local listings for airing dates.) pioneer immigration, holds a joint Whitbread's starting point. According to Although Hetman now has the where­ appointment in the department of history Eugene Platon, Hetman's captain, it is withal to continue competing for the next and the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian believed that the keel was damaged even two legs of the race, additional resources Eyewitness... Studies at the University of Alberta. before the race began. Although the are needed for the Ukrainian yacht to (Continued from page 8) Prof. Swyripa's research interests have entire keel tip was lost passing Trafalgar, cross the finish line in Southampton, New York in association with the long focused on immigrant and ethnic the yacht continued on its way across the England, next June, according to Mr. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies history; she has published extensively in Atlantic to Punta del Este, Uruguay. Semeniuk. While the racing effort has Press at the University of Alberta. the fieldo f Ukrainian Canadian studies. Because the broken keel caused an esti­ received support from a number of enter­ The book is available for $35 (hard­ The book, which was published in mated speed loss of 12-13 percent, and prises in Ukraine, and in addition, from cover) from St. Martin's by contacting February 1993, is available in paper: other manuevering difficulties, and funds British Telecomm, little financial back-* Simona Sawhney, (212) 674-5151, ext. $19.95, cloth: $50. To order, contact were not available for repairs, a dejected ing has come from the Ukrainian diaspo­ 712, or CIUS Press, for $19.95 (paper­ Valerie Hatton, promotion coordinator. Hetman command decided to withdraw ra, as originally anticipated by the back), by calling (403) 492-2972; fax: University of Toronto Press, at (416) from the race. "Psychologically, it was Hetman syndicate. (403)492-2967. 978-2234. difficult to know that as a competitor you In an earlier telefax, Capt. Platon were doing all that was possible, but stressed that support from Ukrainians nonetheless, you are moving slower than abroad was critical to making an impres­ the other yachts so that there was no sive impact on the European Community Immaculate Conception HS moves chance of catching up in the other legs of and furthering the Hetman Syndicate's the race," Mr. Semeniuk wrote. goal of using the Whitbread to showcase The directors pf Hradobank, one of Ukraine's capabilities in high-tech areas, from Hamtramck to Warren, Mich. by Maria Lisowsky The school has a college preparatory curriculum consisting of four years of WARREN, Mich. — A 34-year-old English, math, science, social studies, institution became the "new kid on the religion and Ukrainian. In addition, stu­ block" when Immaculate Conception dents are required to take courses in a Ukrainian Catholic High School moved IKRAINE foreign languages, typing, computer sci­ from Hamtramck to Warren, Mich, last ence, health, and physical education. week to occupy a portion of the former Electives are offered in music, humani­ I IKRAINE Wildwood Center purchased in 1983 by ties, current events, speech and debate, Immaculate Conception Ukrainian accounting, business law, Spanish, jour­ L>l -Л CONCISE Catholic Grade School. nalism, psychology, sociology, as well With the population shift of as honors math and English and AP UNIVERSITY OF Ukrainians to Warren and its surrounding TORONTO PRESS Math and English. Sophomores take the ENCYCLOPEDIA areas, concentrated near St. Josaphat MEAP tests, juniors the PSAT/NMSOT Ukrainian Catholic Church, Ukrainian tests, seniors ACT and SAT. Seniors credit unions, art galleries, shopping cen­ who have attained high grades may take ters, the Ukrainian Village senior citizen courses at participating colleges. housing, condominiums, and the Students receive continuing attention Volume I and II Ukrainian Cultural Center, the need arose and counsel as the student-teacher ratio to relocate Immaculate Conception is 5:1. All students are encouraged to Ukrainian Catholic High School to join You can obtain both volumes for only $170.00 participate in a variety of extra-curricu­ its grade school. Many say the ideal loca­ Including Postage tion will spur an increase in enrollment. lar activities: National Honor Society, student council, school yearbook ICON, ORDER NOW Immaculate Conception Ukrainian school newspaper, drama, Ukrainian Catholic High School brings with it a Heritage Club, and varsity athletics (bas­ rich and proud heritage marked with rec­ Fill out the order blank below and mail it with your check or money order ketball, soccer, baseball, softball, \ y- ognized excellence. It was founded in ball, cheerleading). The library/iix^dia USE THIS COUPON! 1959 for the express purpose of provid­ center contains more than 7,000 English ing children of Ukrainian descent a place, works and over 5,000 Ukrainian vol­ not only to receive the best education and • To: UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, Inc. umes (some first editions), as well as prepare them for careers, but to also fos­ numerous audio-visual materials. j 30 Montgomery Street, Jersey City, N.J. 07302 ter and grow in the knowledge of their faith and heritage. The best proof of the quality of educa­ [I hereby order Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopaedia The school has been accredited by the tion at Immaculate Conception Ukrainian University of Michigan Bureau of Catholic High School is that approxi­ D Volume 1 — $95.00 Accreditation since 1968. It is sponsored mately 98 percent of each graduating D Volume II - $95.00 class attends college or another post-sec­ D Volumes I & II - $170.00 by both Immaculate Conception and St. Josaphat Ukrainian Catholic parishes and ondary institution; over 60 percent of the is registered with and adheres to the edu­ graduates receive full scholarships. The Enclosed is (a check, M.O^ for the amount $ more than 1000 graduates of this unique Please send the book (s) to the following address: cational guidelines of the Detroit Archdiocesan Department of Education. high school are valued and vital assets to Admission is based on standardized test the community. Name results and on an interview. Students of Current enrollment is 64 students, 50 other ethnic backgrounds who attend the percent of whom are children of gradu­ Ro- Street high school are encouraged to develop a ates of this institution. If you would like knowledge and love for their own her­ to learn more about this unique high "State^ Zip Code itage while learning to appreciate what is school, please call the principal. Sister uniquely Ukrainian. Theodosia, at (313) 574-0510. No. 46 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1993 15

repeating that she had earlier said she "Svitohliad" now airs in Ottawa Cult leaders... would return to St. Sophia after 1,260 (Continued from page 2) days had passed. And that day was by Christopher Guly ing its signal to 80 percent of Ontario resi­ Devi Khrystos stared straight ahead, lift­ November 10. dents, it would encourage major national OTTAWA — Television viewers in ing two fingers of her right hand every Mr. Kryvonohov also spoke on cam­ advertisers to pursue the ethnic advertis­ time she spoke of herself as God. era, referring to his God, He looked tired Ottawa will be able to tune into Channel ing market. The station claims that nation­ The 33-year-old woman, with flowing and gaunt, and hiis forehead was full of 60 to watch the weekly magazine al ethnic advertising accounts for only 6 dark hair and sad gray eyes, did not look dried blood from injuries suffered in a Ukrainian-language series, "Svitohliad," percent of its total advertising revenues. next September. at her interviewer, but kept repeating that skirmish with police during his arrest. The ethnic population of the Ottawa- The Canadian Radio-Television and he was Satan. Ukraine's militia still are worried that Hull (Quebec) market area now stands at Telecommunications Commission "She told us she had been captured by followers of Maria Devi Khrystos may about 12 percent. (CRTC) recently gave a Toronto-based the hands of Satan," said Gen. commit suicide. They seem to be in a CFMT also plans to establish a multi­ multilingual channel permission to broad­ Nedryhaylo. "Judgement Day will come hypnotic trance. Gen. Nedryhaylo noted, lingual national news bureau in Ottawa cast its signal to the Ottawa market. after the death of God. Today you are adding that more than 600 members had and contribute $50,000 to a broadcasting CFMT-TV had already extended its reach killing my soul with your Satanic been detained since the end of October. scholarship fund at Toronto's Ryerson '^to southwestern Ontario earlier this year. actions," she said. "11 be glad when both November 14 Polytechnical Institute that supports eth­ The station broadcasts 60 percent of and November 24 [the originally predict­ nic students. She kept repeating that the end of the its schedule in 15 languages a week, with world was coming and that only 144,000 ed date for the end of the world] have However, the Toronto-based station daily programs in Chinese, Italian and people would be saved. She also kept passed," commented Gen. Nedryhaylo. Portuguese. will not produce programming specifical­ "Svitohliad" now runs for 60-minutes ly for its Ottawa audience. every Saturday evening at 6:30 p.m., and CFMT broadcasts 11 1/2 hours of English-language programming each extensively about her travels and her is rebroadcast Thursday mornings at 7:30 Exhibit showcases... work. She is currently teaching calligra­ a.m. on Toronto's Channel 49. Ottawa- weekday, consisting mainly of U.S. talk phy, pictorial flourishing and gilding at area cable and non-cable viewers will see shows and reruns of recent sitcoms such (Continued from page 11) the Rockland Center for the Arts, near the show simultaneously. as "МифЬу Brown." It also runs Sunday Sills. her home in West Nyack, N. Y. Some shows may also be made avail­ afternoon NFL games in English, with Mrs. Mills has been doing other work able to CXWS-TV in Kingston, Ontario. soccer coverage throughout the week in on glass as well. She has designed 22 Recently honored as a winner of CFMT told the CRTC that by extend­ non-English languages. stained glass windows, including scenes Rockland County's Executive Arts of the Nativity and the Resurrection with Awards, she has also won prizes for her Ukrainian themes for St. Demetrius illustrations for the children's books for concrete sanctions or even criminal Ukrainian Catholic Church in Toronto "The Mitten" and "Tusya and the Pot of Draft of Ukraine's... responsibility for falsification during the (many more are still to be done). Etched Gold" (which she also wrote) and for the (Continued from page 2) elections. There are no provisions for glass was her medium for calligraphic cover illustration of Ukrainian Easter right to nominate candidates. Hopefully controlling these violations. quotes on the president's doors of a hahilky (spring ritual dancefs) for the this will not appear in the final version of There is a disturbing provision in sec­ Methodist church in Washington and the New York Daily News Sunday maga­ the new law. Many Socialists and tion 49 which states that elections can be doors of the New York State Senate zine. Communists are pushing for this right, deemed void if during the course of their Chamber in Albany. The exhibit at the Ukrainian Artists' although these economically driven conduct election documents were forged Her artistry has even- carried over to Association gallery, opening on groups should not have direct influence or there were any other actions which the next generation. Her son, Niki Mills, November 21 at 1 p.m., may be viewed in the Parliament. had a substantial influence on the results works in wood and metal to create func­ 1-6 p.m. on Saturday and Sunday and 6-8 The term of election is four years, and of the elections. There is no definition in tional sculpture (tables, couches, paper­ p.m. Tuesday to Friday (the gallery is the elections are valid only if 25 percent the draft of "other actions which had a weights), which he designs on a comput­ closed on Thanksgiving Day). Mrs. of the voters turn out to vote. This provi­ substantial influence." Therefore, after a er in his studio gallery in Denver. Mills' talk on her art techniques is sched­ sion would then discount the voting of 24 particularly moving speech by one candi­ Mrs. Mills has written and lectured uled for 7 p.m. on Friday, November 26. percent of the population, which does not date, the other could request that the appear to be fair. election be deemed void since this could і ^ш I I I '1^ • f Some of the problems in this draft law have had a substantial influence. concern the election of the Central There is a provision that all candidates Share The Weekly with a colleague Election Commission. This draft pro­ should have equal time with respect to vides that half of its members are to be the mass media. However, there is no selected by the president of Ukraine and mechanism worked out in the draft to the other half by the Parliament. In most enforce this, and this may lead to a sce­ democratic countries, the executive - not nario in which no candidates will be able the body that is to be elected - forms the to obtain media time. The ''Chornomortsr' election commission. Members should be It will be very interesting to see which Plast Fraternity impartial and have no party affiliations, changes will be incoфorated after the first which may be difficult if the Parliament reading. If the recommendations of the W" yf A invites everyone to their... chooses the members. Also, the CEC Socialists and Communists are incoфorat- seems to be the final determining body ed, then this new law will look very much on many issues, including the validity of like the existing law and will lead to the r^^^ MORSKIY elections, as opposed to the courts. This, election of a Parliament that is the same as too, raises the issue of impartiality. the one now in power. And thus, Ukraine In addition, this draft does not provide will slide back into its former life. BALL There was no significant progress made Friday, November 26,1993 at Russia renews... in talks to settle points of the Massandra 9pm (Continued from page 1) agreement made in September, which Ramadainn threat if they are not withdrawn by the foresees sending nuclear warheads to Route 10, East Hanover, NJ. end of 1993 and dismantled within two Russia for destruction. Band: CRYSTAL Mr. Zlenko said the agreement covers years. He gave no details of the technical Tickets $15.00 at the door e of Ukraine's nuclear missiles, only Ukraine's older SS-19s and the 46 e info, contact Oleh Kolodiy including the 130 aging SS-19s and the SS-24, in a dispute that has lasted since (201)763-1797 46 more modern SS-24s. the day the accord was signed on No collect calls please. "Such statements are an attempt to September 3. blackmail Ukraine," said Deputy Another sore point during the talks Minister Borys Tarasiuk. was the division of the Black Sea Fleet, "All warheads are under the control of although Mr. Kozyrev said Russia is the same specialists who controlled them buying Ukraine's half and that working groups would elaborate the costs and HAMALIA in the former Soviet Union. No questions TRAVEL CONSULTANT» arose at that time," added Mr. Buteyko. legal basis for the sale. Mailing Address: 43 St. Marie's Place, Suite 6E, New York, N.Y. 10003, No other unpleasant incidents "The issue of the division of the Black r n occurred during November 5-6 talks Sea Fleet has to consider Ukraine's sov­ DIRECT FLIGHTS TO KYYIV between the two foreign ministers in ereignty and the interests of both coun­ Odessa, where they discussed nuclear tries," said Konstantyn Hryshchenko, the warheads, the Black Sea Fleet, fuel for chairman of the Foreign Ministry's arms $565.00 nuclear power plants, as well as econom­ negotiations division. ROUND TRIP/ALL TAXES INCLUDED ic cooperation and dual citizenship for Although the Ukrainian side did not their countries' citizens. seem to score any victories at the negoti­ FOR RESERVATIONS AND INFORMATION PLEASE CALL According to Mykhailo Dashkevych of ating table, Mr. Zlenko was a winner on 212 473 0839 the Ukrainian Foreign Ministry, a com­ the tennis court in Odessa. He beat his mission established by President diplomatic counteфart 6-1, 6-2 in a 90- Kravchuk on dual citizenship is scheduled minute seaside court game on Saturday, Ik 1800 HAMALIA Л to complete its work by December 11. November 6, reported Reuters. 16 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 14,1993 No. 46 Parishioners receive sciiolarships СОЮЗІЄКА SOYUZIVKA

Spend the CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS With Your Friends & Family at SOYUZIVKA Come to Soyuzivka and celebrate Christmas with us. December 24th to December 25th 1993. or January 6th to January 7th 1994.

$68.00 standard rooms The special rate of $78.00 deluxe rooms per person will include:

Traditional Christmas Eve Supper, Breakfast, and a choice of turkey or steak for lunch on Christmas Day. Also included are tax & tips. St. Vladimir's scholarship recipients: (seated from left) Catherine Klepach, We require $25.00 per person Clinton Greenleaf, Vera Fedchenko. In the second row are: the Very Rev. along with your reservation. Stephen Hankavich; Wayne Fazekas, St. Vladimir's Brotherhood vice-president; Stevan Habel and Emil Pavlyshyn, Scholarship Committee members; and the For those who wish to join us for our Rev. John R. Nakonachny. traditional Christmas Eve Supper only, the rate is $17.50 per person. PARMA, Ohio - At the celebration of achievements, awards are presented on Advance reservations only. patron saint's Day at St. Vladimir's their activities in the parish. This year's Ukrainian Orthodox Cathedral here, the recipients are all active members of the annual presentation of scholarships to parish's Junior Ukrainian Orthodox graduating seniors by St. Vladimir's League Chapter (UOL) as well as the Brotherhood took place. Ukrainian school, Sunday School and Four scholarships of $1,000 each were Ukrainian Dance School. The boys awarded. The recipients were Vera served as Altar Boys. SOYUZIVKA GIFT SHOP Fedchenko, Clinton Greenleaf, Catherine To date, the Brotherhood has awarded Is open all year round. ЮерасЬ and Mark Sklaryk. $30,000 to parish youths seeking higher We offer a magnificent selection In addition to the students' academic education. of gift items for Christmas and other occasions. Two reasons Ukraine has a "bad For reservations please cofitact: Ukrainian National Association Estate Ukraine's... image" in the West are mainly the product Phone:(914)626-5641 Box 529, Foordmore Road (Continued from page 10) of its own mistakes — its refusal, after FAX: (914) 626-4638 Kerhonkson, NY 12446 the former Soviet republics. repeated broken promises, to ratify Nevertheless, Ukraine can, and nuclear disarmament treaties and the should, insist upon a more equitable unwillingness of the ancien regime, share of Western aid to the former including President Kravchuk, to break with the Soviet past and adopt a The ultimate gift for your relatives in UKRAINE USSR, as Dr. Motyl strongly argues. Western policy towards the former Westernizing policy of political and eco­ USSR is largely uncoordinated and nomic reform. One confusing moment inconsistent. While Russia is prioritized, President Kravchuk signed the START I as the vehicle for diffusing political and Treaty and the Lisbon Protocols in May Tractors and economic reform throughout the remain­ 1992, agreeing to join the Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty (NPT) "in the shortest small farming der of the former USSR, Russia is itself possible time." It is the Ukrainian destabilizing Moldova, Georgia and Parliament which has not ratified either of " equipment Azerbaijan, making territorial claims these two documents still over a year later. against Ukraine and promoting conserva­ Finally, there still seems a lack of tive, hard-line communist regimes in understanding within the Ukrainian lead­ For product information, Central Asia. Meanwhile, political and ership of the importance of publicity and economic reform in the three Baltic information. Russia inherited former call Toll Free: 1-800-354-3136 republics is more advanced than in Soviet correspondents and diplon' Russia. Ukraine should encourage the SEPCORP International, /no. which have undoubtedly given it an ebge West to distance itself from what some over the former Soviet non-Russian 25 Mountain Pass Road. Hopewell Junction, NY 12533 USA Moscow commentators have called republics, such as Ukraine. Although "enlightened imperialism" (or a new Ukraine was quick to establish represen­ "Monroe Doctrine"). tations abroad, it has been slow to utilize these embassies and consulates to com­ pete for influence within Western politi­ KOBASNIUK TRAVEL INC. cal and economic circles. "^157 Second Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10003-5765 Dr. Motyl's book, the first of its kind Established 1920 on contemporary Ukrainian affairs in the English-language, is an important contri­ bution to filling the vacuum in literature VITAYEMO "AIR UKRAINE" about the non-Russian republics of the former USSR. The book concentrates on THE ONLY NON-STOP AIRLINE TO KYYIV analysis and argument — in contrast to Tuesdays • Fridays • Sundays factology — and therefore is useful to a wide cross-sed;ion of readers interested From $545.00 not only in Soviet affairs but also to political scientists and those interested in For Reservations and Information please call the transformation of post-communist 254-8779 or 1-800-535-5587 Fax: (212) 254-4005 societies, evolution of parliamentary pol­ itics, civil society and market economies. No. 46 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1993 17

NOTES ON PEOPLE DISCOUNT AIRFARE TO KYYIV Order by Phone Ms. Demchuk, who spent five months Next day delivery by FedEx - $6 $589 American actress in the capital of Ukraine working on the VI/MC/AMEX accepted tax Incl. film, plays the role of Natalya Sulym, a Discount airfare to other cities available. is Kyyiv bound young actress who falls in love with the We speak Ukrainian (516)725-7401 doctor. Latvian actor Ivar Kalnynsh plays the role of the doctor. The other TWI INTERNATIONAL Inc. 87 Hampton St., Sag Harbor NY 11963 female lead, Vira Hlaholyeva, plays the doctor's wife. The two-hour film, shot entirely on location in Kyyiv, begins and ends on two successive New Year's УКРАЇНСЬКЕ ЛІКАРСЬКЕ ТОВАРИСТВО ПІВНІЧНОЇ АМЕРИКИ Eves. Ms. Demchuk received her bachelor UKRAINIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION of fine arts degree in theater from OF NORTH AMERICA Southern Methodist University's Meadows School of the Arts in Dallas. MID-TERM MEDICAL CONFERENCE Before moving to Hollywood this sum­ mer, where she is pursuing her acting career, Ms. Demchuk had been working MARGAMTA HILTON HOTEL as an actress in various Washington area JAN 15-29, 1994 Located on Margarita's Playa Moreno Beach this modern 280 room resort offers theaters, including the Source Theater, balconies with ocean \iew, 5\\'іттіп&4хю1, tennis courts, Health Club and sauna, Church Street Theater and Kennedy shopping, waterspons and 24 hour room service. Center. At the Kennedy Center she was Features: - Round trip air transportation: active in the Theater for Young People Chicago/JFK TW 386 as an actress and as an instructor in the JPK/Margarita VA 803 Margarita/JFK VA 802 center's acting program for children. JFK/Chicago TW 137 Luba Demchuk Ms. Demchuk attended the School of - Round trip transfers airport/liotel BURKE, Va. — American-born Ukrainian Studies in Silver Spring, Md., - Hotel room taxes was a member of Plast, and studied - Hotel categor>' standard double actress Luba Ivanna Demchuk, will be - Escorted from New York b)' Christine Kow traveling to Kyyiv, Ukraine, for the Ukrainian folk dance with Roma Pryma- November 12 premiere of a Ukrainian Bohachevsky at the Verkhovyna Rates: -from CHICAGO $ 1500.00 [Full two! [One week only 1 Ukrainian Dance Workshops in Glen -from NEW YORK $ 1200.00 Iveck tourj iJon 15-22,94} feature film, "Happy New Year, Doctor," - Single supplement - $700 additional supplement - $350 additional Spey, N.Y. To prepare for her role in the in which she plays a leading role. Rates and airline connections may change without prior notice. The film, depicting conflicts faced by film, Ms. Demchuk spent a summer at talented and ethical professionals in con­ the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute temporary Ukraine — in this case a med­ in the Ukrainian language studies pro­ scope tRaoeL ЇГ2С ical doctor, was written and directed by gram. S^ 1605 Springfield Avenue, Maplewood NJ 07040 Tatiana Mahar. During her 20-year pro­ Ms. Demchuk is the daughter of TEL 201 378-8998 FAX 201 378-7903 TOLL FREE 800 242-7267 Wolodymyr and Tania Demchuk of sm fessional career, Ms. Mahar has directed numerous films, musicals and TV pro­ Burke, Va., and granddaughter of ductions in Lviv and Kyyiv. Ms. Mahar AppoUinare and Tania Osadca of Glen is associated with Ukrtelefilm studios in Spey, N.Y. She is a member of UNA Kyyiv. Branch 15. Trident IVade Group the Seton Hall's Legislative Journal, he Begins law career served as a legal intern with the New .4Й Jersey General Assembly in Trenton and with Newarl< firm also worked as a summer associate with the Office of the Attomey General of the is pleased to extend lower prices for shipments MORRIS PLAINS, N.J. - Jerry State of New Jersey. Kuzemczak, a June 1993 graduate of the Mr. Kuzemczak now awaits the during the holiday season: Seton Hall University School of Law, results of the New Jersey and has embarked on his legal career as an Pennsylvania Bar exams. 20% OFF on all parcel shipments associate with the Newark law firm of On the personal front, Mr. Kuzemczak Sluka and Northgrave, P.C., a general recently married Donna Kaczmarczyk. practice litigation firm. The couple reside in Morris Plains, N.J. 10% OFF all standard food Mr. Kuzemczak, a graduate of St. Mr. Kuzemczak is a member of UNA George's Ukrainian Catholic High Branch 88 (Kerhonkson, N.Y.). parcel orders School in New York City, has been an active member of the Ukrainian commu­ nity since childhood. His involvement in 10% OFF money transfers SUM-A goes back to grade school, and while attending St. George he added STANDARD FOOD PARCEL #2 FROM OUR CATALOG TUSM to his list of activities. He obtained a bachelor of science degree in accounting from Rutgers ^^^^^ University. While at Rutgers he did not WAS ^irget his roots but continued his involve- vr —-я aent through Rutgers' Ukrainian Club. І^^З Ibs.Coffee 31bs.Vegetaibleoil \\ That involvement did not cease during his NOW 7 5 lbs.Ham 5 lbs. Peanut butter 1 1 law school years. Despite his hectic sched­ $90.00 1 3 lbs. Bacon 24 Ramon Noodle Soup 1 J ule, he still found time to be a counselor f 10 lbs. Rice 6 lbs. Sausage 1 1 for the Whippany branch of SUM-A. 1 5 lbs. Sugar Mr. Kuzemczak's professional educa­ tion was coupled with the practical experi­ 1/ ence gained while attending Seton Hall Services offered: Law School. His knowledge of the law and the legislative process was greatly expand­ • Parcel package delivery •Food parcels ed through his participation as a member of • Air express delivery • Custom food parcels Seton Hall's Legislative Bureau, which • Wire transfer of US Dollars • Appliances works directly with the New Jersey State Senate and General Assembly. In addition • VCR's, Radios, Cameras (220v) • Car shipment to having one of his articles published in Jerry Kuzemczak ALSO — scarves, sweaters, material, threads and many other popular items for Ukraine. Notes on People is a feature geared toward reporting on tfie achievements of members of the Шгаіпіап National Association. All submissions should be concise UKRAINIAN GIFT SHOP DNIPRO 11758 Mitchell St. •Detroit, MI 48212 698 Sanford Ave. • Newark, NJ 10716 due to space limitations and must include the person's UNA branch number. Items will be published as soon as possible after their receipt, when space permits. (313)892-6563 (201) 373-8783 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1993 No. 46

Further, the independence of the judicia­ nominations of judges to the Ukraine. Proposed draft.. ry is undermined if judges have to Constitutional Court. Also, there is First, Part IX mixes federalist and uni- (Continued from page 8) depend on the government for assign­ duplicity of jurisdiction between the tarist principles of regional and local gov­ the Constitution. The protections of life ment of housing, telephones and educa­ Supreme Court of General Jurisdiction ernment without sorting out these differ­ tenure and non-reduced salary are guar­ tion for their children. and the Supreme Economic Court.) ent principles. Federalist principles anteed so that federal judges will not fear Article 176 mandates the state to pay The Constitutional Court is entrusted emphasize regional and local self-govern­ losing their positions and getting salary material and moral damages caused by with the authority to interpret the ment organized and operated by citizens cuts if they make decisions that are judicial error. This provision should be Constitution. The power to review ques­ to meet their needs within the general unpopular with the president or eliminated. Judges should have immunity tions of constitutionality are vital in framework of national and state (local) Congress. This protection is imperative for error in arriving at legal decisions. Also, establishing a rule-of-law framework constitutions. Unitarist principles empha­ for the existence of a democracy. all judges should be granted parliamentary within which democracy can flourish. size regional and local governance as The independence from interference by immunity as provided in Article 107. However, there is a potential problem administrative extensions of central exec­ the executive and the legislative branches Article 164 prohibits the creation of with the broad mandate given to the utive power. Second, it mixes a rule that lends credibility and trust to judicial deci­ extraordinary or special courts, as well as court. The imprecise language used in emphasizes the idea that local govern­ sions. This separation of power represents special extra-judicial bodies. This prohi­ granting jurisdiction to the court may ments can do only what they are explicit­ an important protection in the American bition should be re-evaluated and rewrit­ allow it to review the constitutionality of ly authorized to do by state law, with constitutional system. It provides the nec­ ten when it concerns special courts. There the actions of the executive and legisla­ home rule. Home rule emphasizes the essary "checks and balances" on the may be a real need to establish special ture sua sponte. In particular, Article 219, idea that local governments can exercis scope of governmental activity. courts. In the United States, Congress has section 5, which allows for decisions on a any powers that are not explicitly denied Looking over this draft of the created special courts to deal with tax wide range of Constitutional issues by to them and that do not violate the laws of Constitution, however, I am not certain matters, veterans affairs and a forum the court "on its own initiative," is of their authorizing government. Third, and the judiciary will become the third co­ where citizens may sue the government. particular concern. In not limiting the as a result of these mixed principles, the equal branch. The process of appointing The draft Constitution establishes a Constitutional Court to cases or contro­ many institutional provisions seem to set judges is not distinctly defined. No judicial power which has three Supreme versies, or some other similar limit, this up a very cumbersome structure of gov­ tenure provision is stated for judges of Courts: a constitutional court, a court of provision opens the door to judicial abuse ernment more likely to produce conflict the Supreme Court and the Supreme general jurisdiction, and an economic of power. Thus, while the Constitutional and turf battles than inter-governmental Economic Court (Article 170). court. It would be better to have one Court will do a great deal to help estab­ cooperation and coordination. The draft only sets the number of Supreme Court, with three divisions: a lish the rule of law and a democratic tra­ The draft Constitution seems to place judges on the Constitutional Court. It constitutional division, a general jurisdic­ dition, those who sit on that court must many limits on local self-government. The does not provide for the number of tion division, and a division for special­ show restraint with their power in order meaning of "territorial self-organization of judges on the other Supreme Courts. This ized courts. (This is especially true con not to undermine this promise. citizens" (Article 206) is unclear. Will citi­ opens the possibility for court packing. sidering the recent politicized process of In addition, the Constitutional Court's zens be allowed to incoфorate their own ability to initiate legislation frustrates the municipalities, towns and villages? principle of the separation of powers. If the Republic of the Crimea is to have r The power to make laws should be a constitution, will the oblasts have char­ INCREASE YOUR INCOME, entrusted solely to the Parliament. ters? The Constitution of the Crimea and The Constitutional Court, as part of the the oblast charters should not, of course, NOT YOUR RISK! judiciary, should be incoфorated in Part conflict with the Constitution of Ukraine. - CD's are Low Risk and Low Return VIII and not listed separately in Part X. This draft seems to offer a Parliamentary The procurator is placed within the system of government for Ukraine. All - Other investnfients that offer better returns usually offer higher risks judicial branch charged with inteфreting authority is in the National Council. The THE UNA'S TAX DEFERRED ANNUITIES OFFER LOW RISK WITH and applying the law. However, Article president has very little executive power. 177 provides the procurator with supervi­ The relationship between the legislative A COMPETITIVE sory powers over the executive to ensure and the executive branches is not based on adherence to the law. The procurator also equality. The power of each branch must be 5.75% INTEREST RATE GUARANTEED FOR ONE FULL YEAR. prosecutes state cases in the courts. clearly redefined, especially when dealing PLUS: Those who are responsible for ensuring a with die whole process of appointment and - No Sales Charges -100% of your money goes to work for you right away. fair and impartial hearing of disputes dissolution of the prime minister and the must in no way be connected to the par­ Cabinet of Ministers. This provision creates - Ability to withdraw up to a maximum of 10% of your total account bal­ ties in dispute. an unreasonable legislative interference in ance per year - each year after first year. The January 1993, draft provided that the affairs of the executive. 5.75% interest rate applies to deposits of $5,000 or more. On sums less state control over the legality of actions Chapter 16, Article 110 (9), gives the than $5,000 the interest rate is 5%. of officials regarding the rights and free­ National Council power over the princi­ For more information call the Financial Service Department of The UNA, at: doms of citizens shall be entrusted to the ples and fundamental directions of for­ authorized representative of the National eign policy. This power may be better off (201) 451-2200 - In New Jersey Assembly of Ukraine for Human Rights in the executive, rather than the legisla­ (800) 253-9862 - outside N.J. (people's legal defender). The present tive branch, in order to give foreign poli­ (215) 821-5800 - In Pennsylvania draft has eliminated this very important cy some consistency. office. It should be reinstated. The source of legitimacy in a democrat­ Article 172 states that judicial power ic system is its success in competitive shall be executed by a judge individually, elections. In order to foster greater partici­ A CHRISTMAS GIFT THAT TRULY MATTERS by a collegium of judges and by a jury. pation and involvement by the people, fre­ Does this provision guarantee a trial by quent elections to the National Council for your parents, children and friends. jury to every individual? should be provided. The five-year terms Through a special gift of The following are a few recommenda­ for members of the National Council MEMBERSHIP IN THE UKRAINIAN MUSEUM tions to be considered in securing the should be reduced to three years. This you will share the beauty of our culture with your independence of the judiciary: practice will place less stress on require­ • The procuracy should not be within ments for national non-confidence refer­ loved ones. the judicial branch. Neutrality of the judi­ enda which are extremely expensive and, Your thoughtfulness will have an impact not just for the ciary must be preserved. as presented in this draft, quite confusing. moment, but for tomorrow and into the future. • The involvement of the legislative Finally, the writing of the Constitution and executive branches in the judicial should be entrusted to a Constitufional process should not be allowed. Assembly elected especially for this pur­ Gift for: • Judges should be provided with pose. The draft then should be submitte English extended tenure, preferably life-time in a referendum for popular approval. Thiiy tenure, or tenure until a specified retire­ process would give legitimacy to the ment age. Constitution of Ukraine. After the ratifica­ • The judiciary should be guaranteed a tion of the Constitution, the Constitutional Address: fixed percentage of the government's Assembly should be dissolved. Леї., budget. In conclusion, I would recommend From: • Criteria and a process for nomination that the text of the Constitution be short­ and approval (election) of judges should ened. Specifically, the writers should Address: be clearly defined. limit those sections that refer to aspira­ _TeL. • Judges should be removed by tions and puфoses, strengthen the section impeachment only, and involuntary on judici^ review, protection of individ­ Membership Categories (Check one) Please make checks payable to transfer of judges should be prohibited. ual rights and separation of powers, • Senior Citizen $10.00 The Ukrainian Museum • Judges should be guaranteed full define the sphere of activity of the gov­ • Student $10.00 Mail to: The Ukrainian Museum immunity. ernment and guarantee the independence • Trials should be open to the public of the judiciary. What is needed is a cred­ • Individual $25.00 203 Second Ave. New York, NY 10003 and court decisions should be published. ible document that will gain the confi­ • Family $50.00 • A code of professional conduct and dence of the people. • Contributing $100.00 responsibilities for judges, lawyers and This is an important historical moment advocates should be established. for Ukraine. It must create a Constitution For further information, please call (212) 228-0110 I have three general observations con­ with a good chance to become the founda­ cerning the territorial structure of tion for both freedom and the rule of law. No. 46 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1993 19

energy debt forgiveness. Just the willing­ U.N. Command in Bosnia that the lead­ adequate command and control infra­ Problems ... ness to consider that caused an uproar ership of the Ukrainian unit was weak structure would take years and billions (Continued from page 9) throughout Ukraine. Even Morozov pub­ and that its soldiers cared more about of dollars and would surely condemn a Ukrainian fleet staff was formed, and licly objected to this not yet fully formu­ black market activities than about their Ukraine to more decades of poverty. about half of the sailors being drafted into lated deal. The fleet is old and its opera­ mission. By all indications, the However, should Ukraine receive more the Black Sea Fleet were Ukrainians. But, tional potential is marginal, but getting a Ukrainian unit in Bosnia is now doing substantial security guarantees from the as the year wore on, Russian and portion of it is symbolically important for much better. West and adequate compensation for the Ukrainian committees meeting periodical­ Ukraine. The possibility that this may not Finally, there are the difficult issues valuable nuclear weapon components of ly made little progress on how to come up happen disturbed many Ukrainian naval concerning strategic nuclear weapons. dismantled weapons, then the chances with a fleet division formula. officers and sailors. In late August, Ratification of START I remains hung up for it to carry out its early pledges grow The last reorganizational plan devel­ Morozov had to spend some time in — hostage to the backlash that I men­ brighter. oped in 1992 was a branch consolidation. Crimea putting out fires of discontent tioned earlier. As for going beyond In summary, while many problems It involved combining the air forces with among Ukrainian sailors. START I and giving up the remaining remain and many more solutions to vari­ the air defense forces. This became another Also on the negative side of this nuclear weapons, it is difficult to predict ous issues need to be found, Kravchuk, operationally sensible action which drew assessment is the fact that combat readi­ what will happen. Here again, without a Morozov, and a few other determined unbelievable opposition from the bloated ness of the Ukrainian armed forces dete­ developed national security policy and a national leaders have made a good start superstructure and bureaucracy of two for- riorated even further. Other than classes military strategy, the debate whether any toward the establishment of a Ukrainian r Soviet branches facing consolidation. in military schools, there is little ongoing of these weapons would really have armed force. It is unfortunate that, at this There were two other actions that Gen. field training, there is no ammunition to deterrent value lacks foundations in time when Ukraine needs to move into Morozov deemed essential for the estab­ conduct live fire exercises and there is logic. the exploitation phase of its early accom­ lishment of morale and discipline in the no fuel to exercise military vehicles. No one in Ukraine seems to have ana­ plishments in building its armed forces. anned forces. The first involved purging Furthermore, without an approved strate­ lyzed contingency scenarios with sec- Minister Morozov had to resign. Maybe the general officer ranks of people gy document, there is the question, ond-and third-order consequences. Such that was йіе price he had to pay for not involved in graft and corruption. A num­ "ready for what?" What threats, what an analysis would most probably show succumbing to unbelievable pressure ber of generals were fired for these offens­ scenarios, what contingencies should that Ukraine, which does not have ade­ from the political right and left. I hope es. The second endeavor involved separat­ they be ready for? In one area, combat quate strategic reconnaissance and com­ that his successor will continue on the ing from the service those officers who readiness improved. That involved the mand and control capabilities, would paths that were chosen so far and that he were not loyal to Ukraine. According to battalion in Bosnia for U.N. peacekeep­ open itself to pre-emption and cata­ will have the stamina to last at least two Morozov, in 1992, 10,000 officers were ing. Special measures have been taken to strophic destruction during any serious years as Ukraine's first minister of discharged after refusing to take Ukraine's overcome criticism received from the crisis. On the other hand, obtaining an defense was able to do. oath of allegiance or after clearly showing contempt for the new state. Here again he drew a lot of flak, especially from many former communists who did not want to see some of their general officer cronies ANYTHING CAN HAPPEN removed from the Army. The problems mentioned so far brought You can read about it first in The Ulcrainian Weelcly out strong criticism against Morozov and those of his reformers who pressed on with what needed to be done. By late fall of 1992, they came under increasing pres­ sure from both the ultra-nationalists and former communists. The latter even tried to remove Morozov from office but failed when the powerful Officer's Association came to his aid. Following this conceptually vigorous beginning in 1992, Morozov and his reformers pressed on during 1993, despite opposition, to carry out their vision of the Ukrainian Armed forces. There was slow but steady progress in almost all of the main areas of the "trans­ formation" which I have enumerated so far. By summer of this year, the number of men in uniform fell below 500,000, the operational commands were function­ ing, the schools reorganization was pro­ ceeding according to schedule, re- Ukrainianization was also coming along better than expected, now that the meth­ ods used were relaxed, and even the draft military strategy paper was much better than the first version. Concerning the fleet, a solution seemed to be on the hori­ zon after Kravchuk and Yeltsin agreed to divide it evenly during their May meeting near Moscow. At that conference, Yeltsin also acknowledged Ukrainian territorial sovereignty over Sevastopil and the Crimea. In the spring and summer of 1993, nnings were made in the contingency planning functions of the Main Staff of the Keep informed by reading The Ukrainian Weekly, the only newspaper with Ukrainian armed forces. General Anatoliy afull'timeKYYIV PRESS BUREAU. Lopata was appointed and confirmed as the new chief of staff of the Main Staff in April of 1993. As a seasoned commander Published for 60 years by the Ukrainian National Association, a fraternal and staff officer, he energized all staff гюп-profit association. activities, particularly contingency and mobilization planning. Mobilization con­ To subscribe to The Ukrainian Weekly, fill out the form below and mail it to: cepts were developed and work was begun Subscription Department, The Ukrainian Weekly, 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N J 07302. to establish a mobilization system. Gen. Lopata also developed a necessary budget process for the armed forces. Please enter my subscription to The Ukrainian Weekly. Subscription rates: $20 per year. $10 for members of the UNA. On the problematic side of the ledger, there still exists need for an agreed-on overarching national security policy. The • Payment enclosed. • Please bill me. Name • I am a member of UNA Branch fleet issue regressed due to Ukraine's Address . plunge into hyperinflation and, at the • I am not a UNA member. Yalta meeting of this summer, Kravchuk • New subscription. • Renewal. City State Zip.. indicated that Ukraine may be willing to give up its portion of the fleetfo r Russian 20 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1993 No. 46

"In an effort to emphasize the impor­ and encourages both an expansion of this Getting,.. tance it attaches to the linkage between effort as well as similar innovative efforts NEW RELEASE (Continued from page 6) nuclear non-proliferation, regional stabil­ by other agencies." ity, and political and economic progress, The concem and intent of the commit­ erbated by passage of legislation in the the committee has appropriated $300 tee is very clear. The Senate adopted the Recipe book raises Russian Parliaftient reclaiming Crimea. million for use in Ukraine. As with the act with tiie provision on Ukraine. While In addition, control over the resources broader NIS program, the committee the Clinton administration tried to delete and manpower of the Black Sea Fleet and funds for N J. parish seeks to maximize the administration's that provision during the House-Senate the continued presence of Russian troops flexibility in terms of use of specific cat­ conference on the act, it was finally passed in the newly independent states have egories of assistance in Ukraine. by the full Congress and, on September 30, caused friction in the bilateral relation­ However, the committee expects the signed into law as Public Law 103-87. ship between Ukraine and Russia. administration to provide meaningful lev­ The efforts of the administration to "The committee welcomes the frame­ els of aid in each category to respond to now reinteфret the intent of Congress by work agreement on the Black Sea Fleet the issues identified above. including the $175 million previously reached between President [Leonid] "To this end, the committee encour­ promised for the dismantling of weapons Kravchuk and President [Boris] Yeltsin ages the administration to rapidly release and agricultural loan guarantees is coun­ and, as noted elsewhere, urges continued $175 million in so-called Nunn-Lugar terproductive to good relafions between progress on the withdrawal of Russian funds promised to Ukraine to assist in the two nations. troops. The committee also strongly sup­ defense conversion and the costly effort The issue, however, is not yet resolved. ports recent confidence-building initia­ to dismantle weapons. In addition, the The U.S. Congress, and especially the tives by the administration, in particular committee urges the $300 million appro­ U.S. Senate, will not stand idly by and proposals outlined by Secretary of priation serve an effective assistance pro­ allow the Clinton administration to tfiwart Defense [Les] Aspin in Ukraine in June. gram which promotes privatization and its will. One can be certain that this issue The secretary's proposal acknowledges small business, targets environmental will prompt major debate between the the Ukrainian government's pledge to clean-up, expands and improves a mar­ congressional committees and the admin­ ratify and observe nuclear arms control ket-drive agricultural production and dis­ istration. The Congress, which controls agreements as well as the important steps tribution system, creates housing for appropriations, tends to get its way in taken to begin to fulfill those obligations. troops, and meets urgent, basic health these types of controversies. The committee believes that U.S. efforts and humanitarian needs. In achieving Thanks to the U.S. Congress, the to curb global nuclear proliferation and these goals, the committee takes note of White House, the National Security our interest in regional stability are well the important contribution the Peace Council, and the Department of State served by this current approach. Corps' small business program has made may finally get the message!

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International Economic Association ATTENTION NEW JERSEY INSUREDS!!! Is your auto insurance presently in the JUA or MTF? schedules second congress in Odessa Think you're overpaying for your policy? "1 Can't get that good service you need & deserve? PHILADELPHIA — The a new publication in English, The Then we are the one you are looking for!!! International Ukrainian Economic Ukrainian Economic Journal, with Prof. Г DdN'T WAIT OR HESITATE Association (lUEA) will hold its second Koropeckyj of Temple University as its CALL US TODAY!!! congress in Odessa on May 23-27, 1994. editor. The lUEA's founding congress was held The chairman of the lUEA congress ALEXANDER E. SMAL & CO. in Kyyiv two years ago. According to its organizing committee, academician Boris Hordynsky, Pastushenko, Smal president, Prof. I. Koropeckyj, the pur­ Burkivky, announced that the broad INSURANCE — REAL ESTATE pose of the association is to promote theme of the congress in Odessa is (201)761-7500 FAX: (201) 761-4918 interaction between Ukrainian and "Ukraine in the Global Economic Western professional economists. The Environment." Papers may be presented sociation provides an alternative to the in Ukrainian, English or Russian. .her conservative economics section of Those interested in presenting a paper, the official Ukrainian Academy of serving as discussants or attending should Thinking about buying a tiome? Science. contact: Dr. V. N. Bandera, Economics In order to make Ukrainian economics Department, Temple University, accessible to the international community Philadelphia, PA 19122; tel.: (215) 204- The Ukrainian National Association of scholars, the association has launched 5029; fax, (215) 204-8173. offers its members

Forum to focus on business development • Low Fixed Rate Mortgage Loans TORONTO — Registration is now followed by a cocktail reception at 8 p.m. • For 1-3 Family Owner Occupied Homes being accepted for the Forum for Central Saturday's schedule includes three and Eastern European Canadians on workshop themes in the morning, • Quicic Appraisai and Approval Business Development 1993. The forum, "Government Business Promotion organized by the German Canadian, Programs," "Immigrant Services'* and • Low Closing Fees Canadian Polish and Ukrainian Canadian "Professional Services." A luncheon Congress with the support of their hosted by a guest speaker and afternoon • Fast and Friendly Service respective business associations, aims to workshops follow, covering topics such strengthen business relationships in their as "Joint Ventures and Strategic respective communities and in Central Alliances," "Job Placement, Apprentice and Eastern Europe. This forum is open and Entrepreneur Programs" and to all Canadians of Central and Eastern "Communication Skills and Services." Thinfcing about refinancing? European heritage. On Sunday, November 21, the To be held on the weekend of "Business Travel" workshop will start off November 19-21, at the Sheraton Center the day, followed by a plenary session Take the right step. Call us about rates, Hotel, 123 Queen St. W., Toronto, the and reports from the German, Polish and forum offers a variety of workshop topics Ukrainian Business and Professional terms and more information at and speakers to address contemporary Associations. Closing remarks will be business needs. Pre-registration will be offered at 2 p.m. on Sunday. held on Friday, November 19, at 4 p.m., The delegate registration fee of $200 includes all meals at the forum, the 1 (800) 253-9862 (except N J.) or Saturday evening gala dinner and work­ (201)451-2200 Ukrainian speakers shop materials. Youth delegates (under 25) are also strongly encouraged to par­ asked to respond ticipate, taking advantage of the special fee of $100 (completed delegate pack­ SAN FRANCISCO — All native age included). The fee for persons wish­ speakers of Ukrainian, active U.S. Army, ing to attend only the Saturday gala din­ HURYN MEMORIALS Reserve, or National Guard personnel ner is $75. For the finest in custom made memorials installed in all interested in possible future deployment Travel and accommodations for dele­ cemeteries in the New York Metropolitan area including as linguists to Ukraine, regardless of gates may be subject to a special funding Military Operational Specialty are asked arrangement. More details are available Holy Spirit in Hamptonburgh, N.Y., St. Andrew's in Sbuth to respond to a request for information. through the German Canadian, Canadian Bound Brook, NJ., Pine Bush in Kerhonkson and Glen Spey Please send name, unit and Social Polish and Ukrainian Canadian Cemetery, Glen Spey. Security number to: Sgt. Julian Congresses. We offer personal service and guidance in your home. For a Wynnyckyj, 223rd Military Intelligence For more information, please contact Battalion, 100 Armory Drive, San the coordinaring office at (416) 239- bilingual representative call: Francisco, C A 94132. 8840; fax (416) 231-6263. HURYN MEMORIALS INSURE ANCI ЬЕ SURE. JoiN ТЙЕ UNA! P.O. Box 121 Hamptonburgh, NY. 10916 Tel. (914) 427-2684 Fax (914) 427-5443 Don't lei your subscri^^^ lapse!

Help yourself and the Subscription Department of The Ukrainian Weekly by keeping track of your sub­ scription expiration date (indicated in the top left- hand corner of your mailing label (year/month/date) and sending in your renewal fee in advance of re­ ceiving an expiration notice. NewYorHKyyiv This way, you'll be sure to enjoy each issue of The Ukrainian Weekly, and will keep yourself informed of on Ballian Airlines via superb Boeing 767-200ER all the news you need to know. •f Monday departures from JFK |+$21 Subscription renewals, along with a clipped-out • Excellent service, perfect connection mailing label, should be sent to: The Ukrainian SI fTl ROUND Weekly, Subscription Department, 30 Montgomery CM your navel agera or: «720ITRI P St., Jersey City, NJ 07302. One-ways, and add-on^ firom Subscription fees are: $10 for members of the Ukrai­ Balkan all шфг cities are available. nian National Association, $20 for all others. Please HOLIDAYS indicate your UNA branch number when renewing 41E. 42nd St., #508, New Y)rk. NY10017 Same rates to Moscow your subscription. Fax: (212) 573-5538 • Tel: (212) 573-5530 and from Kyyi^ (Kiev) 22 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 14,1993 No. 46

When Mr. Earle took on conducting the Odessa Ukraine and the orchestra's financial difficulties, Mr. The Odessa Philharmonic's... Philharmonic, the orchestra's repertoire focused on the Earle is determined to move forward. "The thing that I (Continued from page 11) mostly Russian works it had been trained to play. He am proud about this orchestra, if I can be proud, is that introduced them to German, Austrian, American, French they're flexible. They're willing to take the time to sight, and they with me/' and English music, using audio and video cassettes to work, to learn new things. We're trying, and the musi­ The first American to conduct an orchestra in the for­ teach style. cians will all agree, to create an orchestra that has its mer Soviet Union, Mr. Earle spoke no Slavic language own sound, its own style. We're trying to create an when he arrived in Odessa. To his good fortune, the In January, the Ukrainian government awarded the orchestra of international standing." only foreign member of the orchestra, Cuban-born Odessa Philharmonic federal status, making it the first Roberto Diaz, spoke Spanish. "I spoke Spanish to this orchestra outside of Kyyiv to be funded by the Ministry The Odessa Philharmonic Orchestra will perform its one fellow and he would translate everything for me. of Culture. But the orchestra is forced to borrow or rent first U.S. concert at Chicago's Orchestra Hall on That's how I learned to speak Russian." By spending its percussion instruments when it travels; the cost of November 19 (tickets are available at the box office, roughly half his time working with the orchestra in new instruments ($60,000) far exceeds their government 312-435-6666), Princeton University's Richardson Odessa, Mr. Earle has learned to speak Russian fluently, subsidy. Auditorium on November 22 (tickets are available at the and now understands and speaks some Ukrainian. Mr. Earle explains that it is difficult for him to hold box office, 609-258-5000), New York's Carnegie Hall The relationship that has developed between the 103 his orchestra together, "because life is very hard. A lot on November 30 (tickets are available at the box office members of the orchestra and Mr. Earle is, in his words, of the musicians can get better paying work in Poland or by calling CarnegieCharge, 212-247-7800) "very unusual. I think they consider me more their and Czecho-Slovakia." But he brightens immediately Toronto's Massey Hall on December 4 (tickets are friend than anything else. I'm a very well known figure and tells the story of a former Odessa Philharmonic cel­ available at the box office, 416-872-4255). On in Odessa by now. But even still, I'm young, and I don't list who returned from Poland after a year of perform­ December 6, the Odessa Philharmonic Orchestra will have this kind of distance to them that a lot of their pre­ ing with an orchestra there because he "missed the perform a Chornobyl benefit concert at Hartford's vious conductors did." Himself a clarinet player, Mr. Odessa Philharmonic, missed his family, and missed Lincoln Theater (tickets are available at the box office, Earle frequently plays chamber music with some of his me." 203-768-4228). For more information, call Randall musicians. Despite the exodus of talented musicians from Fostvedt Publicity, (212) 724-8724.

UKRAINIAN FOLK ART in stationary & notecards Ukrainian National Association Various designs from Ukraine. A unique gift for Christmas, Birthdays, or just for yourself. Monthly reports for June For Order Information: 4564 Cottage Grove Rd., Uniontown, OH 44685. Tel.: (216) 896-9250

Dues And Annuity Premiums From Members Returned 704.50 RECORDING DEPARTMENT Endowments Matured 80,969.62 MEMBERSHIP REPORT Indigent Benefits Disbursed 750.00 Interest On Death Benefits 165.99 JUV. ADULTS ADD TOTALS Payor Death Benefits 17.53 TOTAL AS OF MAY 31 1993 17,499 43,007 5,551 66,057 Reinsurance Premiums Paid 464.38 GAINS IN JUNE 1993 Scholarships Total 1,243,310.14 New members 31 62 21 114 I W PACKAGE and FOOD Parcel Service ™ Reinstated 29 65 94 Operating Expenses: $ 5 41 4 50 Transferred in Real Estate 139,570.70 Change class in 6 1 7 $ Transferred from Juvenile Dept. Svoboda Operation 107,000.67 Washington Office 20,180.28 TOTAL GAINS 71 169 25 265 Official Publication-Svoboda 103,142.38 LOSSES IN JUNE 1993 Organizing Expenses: 17 28 63 Advertising 4,153.52 YEVSHAN 18 5 37 4 46 Field Conferences 2,737.05 Change of class out 6 1 7 Medical Inspections 361.89 Books - Cassettes - Compact disks - Videos Tr^nsfen-ed to adults Reward To Branch Secretaries 592.70 Died 2 61 63 Reward To Organizers 35,663.13 Language tapes - Call for our Catalog Cash surrender 21 32 53 Reward To Special Organizers 9,712.44 Endowment matured 36 48 84 Traveling Expenses-Special Organizers 2,567.19 New cassette for kids "Dobryden" Fully paid-up 25 58 83 Total 425,681.95 Reduced paid-up $ Extended insurance Payroll, Insurance And Taxes: 1-800-265-9858 Certificate terminated 2 5 7 Employee Benefit Plan 55,566.51 112 257 37 $ VISA-MASTER CARD ACCEPTED TOTAL LOSSES 406 Insurance-Workmens Compensation 24,186.00 INACTIVE MEMBERSHIP GAlNSIN JUNE 1993 Salaries Of Executive Officers 19,091.99 BOX 325, BEACONSFIELD, QUEBEC Salaries Of Office Employees 59,400.99 Paid-up 25 58 83 Taxes-Federal, State And City On Employee Wages 118.024.24 CANADA, H9W 5T8 Extended Insurance 3 15 18 Total 276,269.73 TOTAL GAINS 28 73 101 $ LOSSES IN JUNE 1993 General Expenses: Actuarial And Statistical Expenses 20,525.00 Died 2 31 33 Bank Charges $ 33.30 Books And Periodicals 63.95 Lapsed 3 7 10 Dues To Fratemal Congresses 50.00 FLOWERS Furniture & Equipment TOTAL LOSSES 30 60 90 General Office Maintenance 2.152.89 TOTAL UNA MEMBERSHIP Insurance Department Fees 1,952.50 AS OF: JUNE 30 1993 17.456 42.932 5.539 65.927 Operating Expense of Canadian Office 350.00 Postage 14,270.50 WALTER SOCMAN Printing and Stationery 5,370.13 Supreme Secretary Rental Of Equipment And Services 1,283.22 Telephone, Telegraph 4,137.15 Traveling Expenses-General 4.887.86 Delivered in Ukraine FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT Total $ 55,325.49 1-800-832-1789 INCOME FOR JUNE ,1993 Miscellaneous: Accrued Interest On Bonds 619.79 Landmark, Ltd. Donation From Fund For The Rebirth Of Ukraine $ 9,897.67 Dues jand Annuity Premiums From Members 711,461.33 Donations 6,500.00 Income From "Svoboda" Operation $ 108,145.22 Exchange Account-Payroll 19.038.03 Investment Income: Expenses Of Annual Sessions 1,765.35 ; ' Banks 2,653.24 Fraternal Activities 1,250.00 Bonds $ 251,641.55 Professional Fees 3.900.00 Certificate Loans 1,261.40 Rent 785.63 Mortgage Loans 29,641.42 Transfer Account 935,320.36 Real Estate 122.397.68 Ukrainian Publications 2.248.06 Short Term Investments 9,450.21 Total 981,324.89 Stocks 7,207.71 $ Total 1.243,859.76 Investments: UKRAINE? $ Bonds $ 1,001.590.00 Refunds: / Certificate Loans 1.261.40 Personalized . Employee Hospitalization Plan Premiums 908.63 E.D.P. Equipment 86.43 '. Operating Expenses Washington Office $ 2,644.02 Mortgages 25.345.50 , .'i Reward To Secretary's Expenses 140.90 Real Estate 36,652.45 Travel Service at Reward To Special Organizer 907.11 Short Term Investments 653.654.69 Taxes Federal, State & City On Employ ee Wages 19,331.21 Stock 4,089.98 Reasonable Rates Taxes Held In Escrow 217.33 Total 1,722,680.45 Total $ 24,149.20 $ Disbursements For June, 1993 4,704,592.65 Miscellaneous: $ 65,851.84 •VISAS» HOTELS» MEALS» Donations To Fund For The Rebirth Of Ukraine 16,007.46 Exchange Account-Payroll 19,038.03 BALANCE •TRANSFERS'GUiDES» Profit Oh Bonds Sold or Matured 15,089.41 Sale Of "Ukrainian Encyclopaedia" 510.00 ASSETS LIABILITIES •AIR TICKETS' Transfer Account 935,430.36 C^sh $ 1,448,142.63 A_ 72,603,166.38 •RAIL TICKETS• Total 1,051.927.10 Short Term $ Investments 4,008,773.86 ^vestments: •CARS V^ITH DRIVERS» Bonds 47,079,977.10 Bonds Matured Or Sold $ 540,614.89 Mortgage Loans 4.528,407.65 Certificate Loans Repaid 4,421.68 •INTERPRETERS» Certificate Loan 649,022.28 Accidental D.D. 2,062,337.08 Mortgages Repaid 19,282.68 Real Estate 2,947,384.26 Short Term Investments Sold 1,481,354.89 •SIGHTSEEING» Printing Plant & E.D.P. Total 2.045,674.14 Equipment 746,080.13 Fratemal (1,353.583.88) $ Stocks 1,683,831.42 Income For Jun^ 1993 4,365,610.20 Orphans і Loan to D.H.-U.N.A LANDMARK, LTD DISBURSEMENTS FOR JUNE. 1993 Housing Corp. 104,551.04 Old Age Home (2,504,807.58) LoanToU.N.U.R.C. 8,103,102.00 Emergency 52,522.03 toll free (800) 832-1789 DC/MD/VA (703) 941-6180 $ 669.56 Total $ 71,299,272.37 $ 71,299,272.37 46,538.37 fax (703) 941-7587 Death Benefits 87,548.00 ALEXANDER BLAHITKA Dividend To Members 1,025,082.19 Supreme Treasurer No. 46 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 14,1993 23

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ENHANCE rOUR PRESENTS according to Mikhail Hlushkov, the head WITH OUR PRESENCE! Newsbriefs... of the consular division. During a news CALL TOLL FREE FOR OUR CATALOG FULL OF UKRAINIAN HEARTIFACTS! (Continued from page 2) conference in Donetske on October 28, he said that 50,000 people permanently UNIQUELY DESIGNED. HAND SCREENPRINTED & EMBROIDERED CLOTHING 200,000 by the end of the decade. FOR ADULTS & CHILDREN/ residing in Ukraine have asked for JEWLERY, HATS. UMBRELLAS. TOTE BAGS & APRONS/ (RFE/RL Daily Report) Russian citizenship, 2,000 requests have A VARIETY OF PRICES/ SOMETHING FOR EVERYONE THAT YOU LOVEf ' Ukraine seeks new CFE treaty provisions been granted. He added that 800 people |. UKRAINA INTERNATIONAL . ?L'^?NHAMTHORPE RD . EAST have changed their Russian citizenship to e r^ 228 E. SENECA TURNPIKE ^of^ UNIT #39, BOX 29536 KYYIV — Ukraine's Foreign Ukrainian. According to the consular V>^ SYRACUSE NEW^^^^ Г ^^ CALM^te^^^^^^ Ministry is asking for a new CFE treaty official, paperwork to obtain Russian cit­ according to an October 26 Reuters izenship costs between 16,000 and report. A ministry statement criticized 20,000 coupons, while preparation of the Conventional Forces in Europe treaty documents to surrender Russian citizen­ No Place Like Soyuzivka On Thanksgiving Day as anachronistic, as it is based on an out­ ship costs between 38,000 and 41,000 dated confrontation between the two coupons. (Interfax-Ukraine). blocs. As a result, Ukraine is being THANKSGIVING DINNER forced to move tanks and other armored Transport police detain criminals vehicles away from the Black Sea region AT SOYUZIVKA and closer to the central European states. KYYIV — Almost 9,000 dangerous The ministry said it has already requested criminals and 165,000 law-breakers were Thursday, November 25,1993 at 1 p.m. a review in September. Russia has also detained this year by transport police, raised the issue of revising the CFE according to transport officials at a brief­ treaty on a number of occasions, but ing on October 28. About 300 handguns Traditional NATO countries have been reluctant to and 433 knives and daggers were confis­ Turkey open talks. (RFE/RL Daily Report) cated. (Interfax-Ukraine). Dinner Fleet commander asked to run in Crimea ^^^ainiun delegation visits KuwaU Special Order: SEVASTOPIL — Some pro-Russian KYYIV — In a joint Ukrainian- Whole Turkey political groups in the Crimea have asked Kuwaiti communique issued by for the Family the commander of the Black Sea Fleet, Ukraine's Foreign Ministry on Eduard Baltin, to run for the presidency November 1, the two sides reported that Extensive Salad Bar of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea a Ukrainian delegation recently visited and Viennese Desert Table Kuwait to discuss proposals of coopera­ in the January 16 elections, reported tion in the spheres of industry, construc­ Dinners Ukrainian Television on October 26. Mr. tion, trade, investments, oil-processing, by advanced Baltin has refused saying it was inappro­ etc. The delegation, headed by Ukraine's reservations priate to take time off to campaign while deputy minister of military-industrial only. the situation with the fleet was so com­ complex, machine-building and conver­ plex. rRFE/RL Daily Report) sion, Vladimir Kazakov, was in Kuwait THANKSGIVING DINNER ONLY.. Mihv. у cooperation with Slovakia on October 24-29. Both sides were satis­ THANKSGIVING DINNER WITH OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS... fied with the development of cooperation (Prices include Tax'& Gratuities) KYYIV —The Ukrainian and Slovak in various industrial and business branch­ defense ministers, Vitally Radetsky and es, and expressed their readiness to Imrich Andreychak, respectively, on widen it in the interests of the people. Name: October 28 signed an agreement on bilat­ Well-informed sources have said that Address: eral military cooperation. It provides for Kuwait has considered the possibility of cooperation in defense construction, social acquiring Ukrainian-made armaments. protection for the military and develop­ (Interfax-Ukraine). Zip: ment of military science and technologies. Gen. Radetsky said Central and Eastern Ships headed for Georgian coast Telephone: Date of Arrival: Date of Departure: European security could not be guaranteed SEVASTOPIL — According to the by old structures and favored setting up a Black Sea Fleet press office, a nine-ship Building Choice: security and cooperation zone in accor­ flotilla left the city for the Georgian coast Nunnber of persons: Children: dance with President Leonid Kravchuk's on November 2. In accordance with a . ' suggestion. (Interfax-Ukraine). quadrilateral agreement involving UNA Branch #: Deposit Enclosed: Russian consulates in Ukraine Russia, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaidzhan, and with President Leonid DONETSKE — Russia's Ministry of Kravchuk's authorization, the BSF bat­ For reservations, for dinner Ukrainian National Association Estate Foreign Affairs is considering the possi­ tleships will protect the coastal trans­ please contact: Soyuzivka bility of opening consulates in Odessa, portation system of Georgia, as well as Phone:(914)626-5641 Foordmore Road Lviv (or Ivano-Frankivske), Kharkiv (or the ports of Poti and Batumi. (Interfax- FAX: (914) 626-4638 Kerhonkson, NY 12446 Donetske), and probably Symferopil, Ukraine). 24 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1993 No. 46

Sunday, November 14 formance at the Ukrainian Youth Center PREVIEW OF EVENTS (SUM-A), 301 Palisade Ave., at 9 p.m. NEW YORK: The Ukrainian Academy of Admission: $5. For more information, call Arts and Science in the U.S. invites the pub­ the March 1993 issue of the National Institute of Modern Art in a program of (914) 965-3003. lic to a lecture by Raisa Zakharchuk-Chuhai, Geographic, as well as several articles on the works by Brahms, Chopin, Liatoshynsky senior fellow at the Institute of Peoples' Chornobyl tragedy. The program will be held and, to be held at the institute, 2320 W. Saturday, November 27 History at the Ukrainian Academy of at the Ukrainian Institute of Modem Art, 2320 Chicago Ave., at 2 p.m. PARMA, Ohio.: The School of Ukrainian Sciences, who will speak on "Ukrainian W. Chicago Ave., at 7 p.m. Admission: $10, Decorative Folk Art." The presentation will SLOATSBURG, N.Y.: The Sisters Studies invites the public to its 40th anniver­ members; $15, non-members. A wine and sary celebration zabava at the Astrodome of be held at the academy's building, 206 W. cheese reception will follow the presentation. Servants of Mary Immaculate are holding a 100th St., 2 p.m. Chinese auction at St. Mary's Villa, 150 St. Josephat's CathoUc Cathedral, 57-20 State For further information, call Ulana Baransky, Road. Cocktails: 7-8 p.m., presentation of the (312) 631-1212 (evenings). Sisters Servants Lane. The doors open at 1 Tuesday, November 16 p.m. and the drawing begins at 2 p.m. There 1993 graduates, 8 p.m., zabava, 9 p.m. - 1 NEW YORK: Pianist Alexander PHOENIX, Ariz.: Ukrainian National will be over 200 prizes as well as a a.m. Music by Fata Morgana. Tickets: $20, Slobodyanik Jr. will appear in a debut con­ Women's League of America Branch 3 Christmas boutique and baked goods. Free adults; $15, students. For further information, cert as part of the Young Concert Artists invites the public to an autumn ball to be coffee and pastry. Admission: $3. For more contact Luba Mudra, (216) 885-4960. series in a program of works by Haydn, held at the Wyndham Paradise Valley information, call (914) 753-5100. TORONTO: St. Vladimir Institute presb..., Sonata in C Major; Chopin, Sonata in В Resort in Scottsdale, Ariz. Cocktails are at 7 . *'A Black and White Affair," an evening of p.m., with dinner and dancing at 8 p.m. For BALTIMORE: The Lemko Community Minor; Rachmaninoff, Prelude in G Major, dinner theatre produced and directed by Joan further information, contact Chrystyna jointly with the National Slavic Convention Op. 32, No. 5, and Prelude in G Minor, Op. Karasevich. Actors Peter Boretski, Diane 23, No. 5; and Prokofiev, Sonata No. 7. Wynnyk-Wilson, (602) 788-7238. invites the public, with a special invitation extended to the Fells Point community, to the Fabian, Katia Matkowskyj, Patrushka Saturday, November 20 Saturday - Sunday, Novermber 20 - 21 observance of the 10th anniversary of the Sarakula, August Schellenberg and Larry Lemko Community Housing for senior citi­ Zucharko will be reading from plays by NEW YORK: The Shevchenko Scientific NEW YORK: The Ukrainian Museum and the museum's gift shop will hold a giant fall zens and handicapped persons. To mark the Canadian Ukrainian playwrights featuring the Society invites the public to a lecture by Marta "Grabowski Girls" by Ted Galay and "Letters Bohachevska-Chomiak, professor of bazaar, Saturday, 10 a.m. - 5 p.m. and occasion, there will be a concert and banquet Sunday, noon - 5 p.m. on the second floor of to benefit the victims of the war in Bosnia, to My Son" by George Ryga. Tickets at $50, Ukrainian history at George Washington include a complete dinner as well as the per­ University and program director at the its premises at 203 Second Ave. The bazaar Croatia and Serbia, as well as the victims of will feature ceramics, paintings, woodwork Chornobyl. Featured at the concert will be the formance. For reservations, call (416) 923- National Endowment for the Humanities, who 3318. Visa and Mastercard are accepted. The will speak on the topic "Historical Wanderings objects, blown glass vases, decorative embroi­ Ukrainian National Choir under the direction dinner theater will be held at the institute, 620 and Ideological Drift," to be held at the soci­ deries and embroidered blouses and shirts, of Michael Dlaboha. During the banquet, Spadina Ave. Cocktails: 6:30 p.m. (cash bar); ety's building, 63 Fourth Ave., at 5 p.m. books, museum catalogues, greering cards, members of the board of directors of Lemko maps of Ukraine, original handmade jewelry, Housing will honor thore Southeast Baltimore dinner and theater, 7:30 p.m. Dress: black CHICAGO: A jubilee banquet on the occa­ and pysanky (Ukrainian Easter eggs). Many civic leaders who supported the Lemko and white theme, (optional) sion of the 120th anniversary of the Housing Project and contributed to its suc­ objects have been imported from Ukraine. SASKATOON: The Ukrainian Museum of Shevchenko Scientific Society and in sup­ Excellent varieties of baked goods will also be cess. The event will be held at St. Stanislaus Canada, 910 Spadina Crescent E., will offer port of the "Kyyiv-Chicago" Project of the for sale. This is a great opportunity to shop Church, 700 S. Ann St., starting 2 p.m. a straw weaving workshop at 1 - 3 p.m. Encyclopedia of the Ukrainian Diaspora will early for Chiistmas. The museum's exhibition Friday, November 26 Participants can expect to complete two be held at the Ukrainian Cultural Center, of the Trypilian culture will be open for view­ samples of weaving. Beginners age 12 years 2247 W. Chicago Ave., at 7 p.m. Among the ing on the fourth floor. For further informa­ WARREN, Mich.: Halyna Cisaruk- and up are welcome. Registration fee of $8 speakers will be Oleh Romaniv (Lviv) and tion, call (212) 228-0110. The museum is Konopada will exhibit her recent works of includes all supplies. Call the museum, Volodymyr Evtukh (Kyyiv), both members open Wednesday - Sunday, 1-5 p.m. abstracts in mixed media as well as in a (306) 244-3800, to register, of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. show titled "Internal Voyage — Eternal Donation: $50 per person. For tickets, call NEW HAVEN, Conn.: St. Michael's Voyage" at the Chaika Gallery, 26499 Ryan DATE CHANGE (312)489-1339. Heritage House is holding a Christmas Road. The exhibit opening will be held bazaar on November 20, 9 a.m. - 1 p.m., and Friday, November 26, 7:30 - 10 p.m. The CAMBRIDGE, Mass.: There has been a CHICAGO: Mike Edwards, an assistant edi­ on November 21, following each divine artist will be present. The exhibit runs change in date and time of Dr. Andriy tor at the National Geographic and author of liturgy, at St. Michael's Ukrainian Catholic through December 27. Gallery hours: Romenets' lecture on the topic 'The Dynamic numerous articles on Ukraine and the former Church auditorium, 569 George St. For Tuesday - Friday, 11 a.m. - 6 p.m.; Ontology of the 18th-Century Philosopher Soviet Union, will discuss his experiences as additional information, call Mary Hezzey, Saturday, 10 a.m. - 3 p.m.; Sunday, 11 a.m. - Hryhoriy Skovoroda," which is to be held at an American journalist in Ukraine at a pro­ (203) 288-7637. 2 p.m. Closed Mondays. For further infor­ Harvard University's Ukrainian Research gram sponsored by the Ukrainian Business Institute. The lecture, originally scheduled for Sunday, November 21 mation, call (313) 755-5200. and Professional Association of Chicago (The November 18, will be held Wednesday, Chicago Group). Mr. Edwards wrote the high­ CHICAGO: Pianist Volodymyr Vynnytsky YONKERS, N.Y.: The infamous Na November 17, 3 - 5 p.m., at the HURI semi­ ly rated feature article "A Broken Empire" in will appear in concert at the Ukrainian Zdorovia Band will appear in a cabaret per­ nar room, 1583 Massachusetts Ave.

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