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Schofield/Ella (Hylocomiaceae), a New Genus for an Old Species

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Schofield/Ella (Hylocomiaceae), a New Genus for an Old Species J Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 82: 39-46 (July 1997) SCHOFIELD/ELLA (HYLOCOMIACEAE), A NEW GENUS FOR AN OLD SPECIES 1 WILLIAM R. BUCK ABSTRACT . Schofieldie/la is newly described for Stereodon micans Mitt. The species has mostly been placed in Hygrohypnum by North American authors and in Sematophyllum by Europeans. Rather, it seems most closely related to the Himalayan Leptocladiella of the Hylocomiaceae. INTRODUCTION For many years the species that I learned as Hygrohypnum micans has been a puzzle. It has never fit very well in Hygrohypnum, both in terms of being much smaller than the other eastern North American species of that genus, and a number of morphological anom­ alies. The other traditional alternative has been to place the species in Sematophyl/um. However, in the Americas that genus is well known and it has nothing to do with H. micans. Therefore, I have been thinking for some time that the species deserved a genus of its own. It was not until I started to prepare this manuscript, however, that I realized that the genus seems closest to the Hylocorniaceae for a number of technical reasons. A survey of that family revealed an Asian genus, Leptocladiella, that is strikingly similar to H. micans. However, there are enough differences that a congeneric alliance is inappropriate. I am de­ lighted to have the opportunity to name this new genus for Wilf Schofield. It is particularly appropriate since he was the one to discover the genus in British Columbia, and his student, David W Jamieson, monographed Hygrohypnum in 1976. TAXONOMY Schofi.eldie/la W R. Buck, gen. nov. Hylocomiacearum Chrysobryum Lindb. ex Sul!., Icon. Muse. Suppl. 91. 1874, nom. inval. A Leptocladiella hyalodermide nulla et perichaetio paucifoliato, a Hygrohypno caulis filo centrali nullo, foliis decurrentibus, et stomatibus orbiculato-poratis, a Sematophyllo foliis decurrentibus, exothecii cellulis noncollenchymatosis, annulo bene evoluto, et oper­ culo brevirostrato differt. Plants relatively small, golden-green, becoming golden with age, in mostly dense mats. Stems creeping, densely branched, branching seemingly monopodial; in cross-section lacking a hyalodermis, without a central strand; rhizoids ± in fascicles, above leaf axils, red-brown, smooth; paraphyllia none; pseudoparaphyllia narrowly foliose; axillary hairs with 2 short brown basal cells and a few elongate hyaline apical cells. Stem and branch leaves somewhat differentiated, stem leaves distant, erect-appressed, oblong-triangular, acuminate, decurrent; margins plane or narrowly recurved on one side, subentire to serru­ late; costa very short and double or absent; cells linear-hexagonal, smooth, ±thin-walled; 1 Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458- 5126, U.S.A. 40 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 82 I 9 9 7 alar cells differentiated, not or little inflated. Branch leaves erect to spreading, narrowly to broadly ovate from a narrow insertion, concave, short-acuminate, decurrent; margins most­ ly erect to recurved on both sides, serrulate above; costa short and double; cells linear­ hexagonal, smooth, ::!:: thin-walled but thickened at ends; alar cells well differentiated, with a few cells inflated, often colored, with a few short-rectangular cells above the inflated ones, cells of the decurrencies elongate, hyaline to colored; asexual reproductive structures none. Dioicous. Perichaetia small; leaves few, often shorter than the vaginula, narrowly ob­ long-triangular, gradually short-acuminate; margins plane, serrate to serrulate above; costa none; cells linear-rectangular to -hexagonal, smooth, firm-walled; alar cells not differentiat­ ed. Setae elongate, smooth, orange; capsules inclined to horizontal, short-cylindric; exothe­ cial cells short-rectangular, firm-walled, not collenchymatous, becoming smaller, sub­ quadrate and thin-walled at the mouth, stomata at base of um, round-pored; annulus well developed, deciduous; operculum short-rostrate; columella flattened-oblong, ending near mid-urn; peristome double, exostome teeth bordered, shouldered toward apex, there the border abruptly widened, on the front surface cross-striolate below, coarsely papillose above, at back strongly trabeculate; endostome with a high basal membrane, segments keeled, very narrowly perforate, about as long as the teeth, cilia mostly double, shorter than the segments. Spores spherical, finely roughened. Calyptrae cucullate, smooth, naked. Schofieldiella is described here as a monospecific genus for the widespread S. micans. This single species has been placed most often by North America bryologists in Hygrohyp­ num (e.g., Crum & Anderson, 1981), and usually in Sematophyllum by European bryolo­ gists (e.g., Smith, 1978). Schofieldiella seems to have little to do with either of these gen­ era. In common with Hygrohypnum (on the basis of the type, H. luridum (Hedw.) Jenn.) are the semiaquatic habitat, similar axillary hairs, general leaf shape, and somewhat inflated alar cells. However, in Hygrohypnum there are a central strand, nondecurrent leaves, a much stronger costa, long-pored stomata, and an apiculate operculum. Schofieldiella shares with Sematophyllum a similar plant color and inflated alar cells. However, species of Se­ matophyllum never have decurrent leaves, the exothecial cells are collenchymatous, and the operculum is long-rostrate. Rather, I think that Schofieldiella is related to the Himalayan Leptoc/adiella of the Hylocomiaceae (Rohrer, 1985), as defined by its type, L. psilura (Mitt.) Fleisch. It shares with that genus the lack of a central strand, long-decurrent leaves with inflated alar cells, stem leaves with more or less entire margins and branch leaves toothed, similar areolation, short-rostrate opercula, and very narrowly perforate endostomi­ al segments. From Leptoc/adiel/a, Schofieldiel/a is distinct by the lack of a hyalodermis, mostly monopodial rather than sympodial branching, branch leaves larger than stem leaves, completely smooth branch leaf cells, and few-leaved perichaetia. Certainly for those living in the Northern Hemisphere and used to thinking of the Hy­ locorniaceae as a family of robust plants, Schofieldiella seems an anomaly. However, from a global point of view, the family accommodates small-statured genera as well, including Leptoc/adiella and Leptohymenium. Schofie/diel/a also seems possibly related to the Himalayan Hageniella Broth., based W.R. Buck: Schofieldiella (Hylocomiaceae) 41 on Brotherus' (1910) description and illustration. I have not studied any material, but based on the protologue, Hageniella differs by leaves not at all decurrent, lamina! cells prorulose, and the lack of an annulus. Interestingly, Brotherus (I 910) initially placed his new genus near Macrothamnium of the Hylocomiaceae, but later (1925b), following Fleischer (1923), moved it to the Sematophyllaceae subfam. Clastobryoideae. Hageniella may indeed belong in the Hylocomiaceae. Schofieldiella micans (Mitt.) W.R. Buck, comb. nov. Figs. A-K Stereodon micans Mitt., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. Suppl. 1: 114, 1859; Hypnum micans Wils. in Hook., Brit. FI. ed. 4, 2: 86, 1833, horn. il/eg., non Sw., Adnot. Bot, 175. 1829 [= Isopterygium micans (Sw.) Kindb. =/. tenerum (Sw.) Mitt.]; Hypnum novae-caesareae Austin, Musci Ap­ palach. 440, 1870, nom. nov.; Chrysobryum micans (Mitt.) Lindb. ex Sul!., Icon. Muse. Suppl. 91, 1874, comb. inval.; Rhynchostegium novae-caesareae (Austin) Austin, Bot. Gaz. (Craw­ fordsville) 1: 30, 1876, comb. illeg.; Limnobium micans (Mitt.) Kindb., Canad. Ree. Sci. 6: 74, 1894; Sematophyllum micans (Mitt.) Braithw., Brit. Moss FI. 3: 154, 1902; Sematophyllum novae-caesareae (Austin) E. Britton, Bryologist 5: 66, 1902, comb. illeg.; Hygrohypnum micans (Mitt.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfarn. 1(3): 1940, 1908; Rhaphidostegium micans (Mitt.) Monk. in Rabenh., Rabenh. Krypt.-FI. ed. 2, 4 (Suppl. [Laubm. Eur.]): 870, 1927, ham. illeg., non Schimp. ex Besch., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VI, 3: 249, 1876 [=Ectropothecium lep­ tochaeton (Schwiigr.) W.R. Buck], nee (Sw.) Renauld & Cardot, Rev. Bryol. 20 : 21, 1893, horn. illeg. [=Isopterygium tenerum (Sw.) Mitt.]; Hygrohypnum novae-caesareae (Austin) Grout, Moss FI. N. Amer. 3(2): 94, 1931, comb. illeg. Type: South of Ireland, Miss Hutchins, Dr. Tay­ lor (presumed syntype, Dr. Taylor, NY!). Stems creeping, to ea. 2 cm long, densely branched, the branches ea. 0.5-1.0 cm long; pseudoparaphyllia narrowly foliose, (1-)2-3-seriate below, uniseriate above; axillary hairs with 2 short brown basal cells and (2- )3-4(- 5) elongate hyaline apical cells. Stem leaves 0.34--0.45 mm long, 0.11-0.17 mm wide; margins plane or more often recurved on one side near midleaf, subentire to serrulate above; costa very short and double, with the yellow of the insertion extending into the cells of the costa; cells linear-hexagonal, 37-63 X4-5 µm; alar cells short-rectangular, in 2- 3 rows, extending up the margins by 2- 5 cells, the basalmost sometimes± inflated, cells of the decurrencies (1 - )2(- 3) in a single row, long­ rectangular. Branch leaves 0.5-0.75(-0.85)mm long, 0.2-0.45mm wide; margins erect to recurved in lower 2/3, serrate to serrulate above, the teeth erect to wide-spreading; costa short and double, extending 1/5-1/3 the leaf length; cells linear-hexagonal, 35- 57X5- 6 µm, ±thin-walled but thickened at ends and sometimes deceptively appearing prorulose, but smooth; alar cells in 3 rows, extending up the margins by 3-5 cells, the basalmost in­ flated, usually colored, yellow to brick-red, cells of the decurrencies 2-4 in a single row, long-rectangular. Perichaetial leaves few, pale, narrowly oblong-triangular, 0.85-1.1 mm long, flat; margins plane, serrate above; costa none; cells linear-rectangular to -hexagonal, 43-86X3- 9 µm, firm-walled, becoming rectangular and thinner-walled toward the inser­ tion. Vaginula ea. 1.4-1.5 mm long, naked; setae ea. 1.5 cm long, orange, smooth, curved at extreme apex; capsules short-cylindric, ea. 1.3 mm long, ea. 0.8 mm in diameter; exothecial cells 34-57X 14-29 µm, firm-walled, becoming subquadrate and thin-walled in 2-3 rows at the mouth; annulus of 1- 3 rows of subquadrate to short-rectangular, thin-walled cells; op­ erculum short-rostrate, straight, ea.
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