Perca Fluviatilis

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Perca fluviatilis Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi Taxonomy (from NCBI) Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Osteichthyes -- bony fishes, Class: Actinopterygii spiny rayed fishes Subclass: Neopterygii -- neopterygians Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii Order: Perciformes Suborder: Percoidei Family: Percidae Genus: Perca Linnaeus, 1758 -- yellow perches Species: Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 Morphological features Max. length: 51.0 cm; Max. weight: 4,5 g; Max. reported age: 22 years. Morphology: Greenish-yellow body with scales, with 5-9 darker transversal bands on sides. Rayed spines: 14-20 dorsal, with 13-16 soft rays; 7-10 anal soft rays. The first dorsal fin is gray and greater, second dorsal and pectoral yellow, others fins reddish. Skeleton with 39-42 vertebrae. Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi 2 cm Habitat Slow flowing rivers, deep lakes and The Baltic sea near Stockholm ponds, but also common in the Baltic Sea. Usually found near submersed obstacles. Temperature: 10 – 22°C. o e n a t t a C Foto: A.G. Cattaneo . G . A : o Geographical distribution: Europe and t o Siberia (native). Originally absent in Lago Maggiore near Varese, Italy F Italy, Spain, Greece and Great Britain, has been successfully introduced since XVIII century (from 1860 in Italy). Largely cultured for commercial purposals also in the Southern hemisphere (Australia). Feeding and Behaviour Predator: • Larval stage: zooplankton. • Juvenile and adult life: zooplankton, zoobenthos and nekton. Can be predated by Anguilla anguilla, Sander lucioperca and other fishes. Swimming type: carangiform, by movements of body and of the caudal fin. Speed: 0,5-1 m/h. Reproduction Reproduction: dioecism, external fertilization, polyandria. Spawning: in open waters, once a year in spring (autumn in the Southern hemisphere). Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi Eggs: in jelly matrix and in ribbons 1 m long and bound to a substratum. Early development: fertilized eggs Eggs: white, spherical, embedded in a jelly and whitish matrix. (The picture shows eggs 14 hours after fertilization). Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi Early development: egg with embryo Eggs hatch in 8–16 days after deposition. Larvae develop in 37 days at 13°C. Dry weight: • 164 µg at hatching • 11600 µgat metamorphosis. Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi Young adults Younger individuals are gray, with traversal bands on sides darker than in adult. Lateral shape is more elongated. Sex, determined since birth, can be identified at 1+. 1 cm Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi Fully developed adult Foto: Pietro Ceccuzzi Body symmetric, cross section compressed, lateral shape short and deep. Head is convex, mouth terminal. Age range: 2-3 y (M) 3-5 y (F) (2 cm) Links and sources NCBI Fish Base ITIS, Integrated Taxonomy Information System.

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Phylogeny Classification Additional Readings Clupeomorpha and Ostariophysi
Teleostei - AccessScience from McGraw-Hill Education http://www.accessscience.com/content/teleostei/680400 (http://www.accessscience.com/) Article by: Boschung, Herbert Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Gardiner, Brian Linnean Society of London, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London, United Kingdom. Publication year: 2014 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.680400 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.680400) Content Morphology Euteleostei Bibliography Phylogeny Classification Additional Readings Clupeomorpha and Ostariophysi The most recent group of actinopterygians (rayfin fishes), first appearing in the Upper Triassic (Fig. 1). About 26,840 species are contained within the Teleostei, accounting for more than half of all living vertebrates and over 96% of all living fishes. Teleosts comprise 517 families, of which 69 are extinct, leaving 448 extant families; of these, about 43% have no fossil record. See also: Actinopterygii (/content/actinopterygii/009100); Osteichthyes (/content/osteichthyes/478500) Fig. 1 Cladogram showing the relationships of the extant teleosts with the other extant actinopterygians. (J. S. Nelson, Fishes of the World, 4th ed., Wiley, New York, 2006) 1 of 9 10/7/2015 1:07 PM Teleostei - AccessScience from McGraw-Hill Education http://www.accessscience.com/content/teleostei/680400 Morphology Much of the evidence for teleost monophyly (evolving from a common ancestral form) and relationships comes from the caudal skeleton and concomitant acquisition of a homocercal tail (upper and lower lobes of the caudal fin are symmetrical). This type of tail primitively results from an ontogenetic fusion of centra (bodies of vertebrae) and the possession of paired bracing bones located bilaterally along the dorsal region of the caudal skeleton, derived ontogenetically from the neural arches (uroneurals) of the ural (tail) centra.
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Development of the Muscles Associated with the Mandibular and Hyoid Arches in the Siberian Sturgeon, Acipenser Baerii (Acipenseriformes: Acipenseridae)
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Diversity of Fishes
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Peng2009chap44.Pdf
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