JAPAN UND HEIDEGGER Gedenkschrift Der Stadt Meßkirch Zum Hundertsten Geburtstag Martin Heideggers

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

JAPAN UND HEIDEGGER Gedenkschrift Der Stadt Meßkirch Zum Hundertsten Geburtstag Martin Heideggers JAPAN UND HEIDEGGER Gedenkschrift der Stadt Meßkirch zum hundertsten Geburtstag Martin Heideggers Im Auftrag der Stadt Meßkirch herausgegeben von Hartmut Buchner Jan Thorbecke Verlag Sigmaringen 1989 Inhaltsverzeichnis Robert Rauser Geleitwort 9 I. Hartmut Buchner Zur Einführung 13 Ryösuke öhashi Die frühe Heidegger-Rezeption in Japan 23 Elmar Weinmayr Denken im Übergang - Kitaro Nishida und Martin Heidegger 39 Yasuo Yuasa Kiyoshi Miki und Tetsuro Watsuji in der Begegnung mit der Philosophie Martin Heideggers 63 Köichi Tsujimura Ereignis und Shöki. Zur Übersetzung eines heideggerschen Grundwortes ins Japanische 79 II. Hajime Tanabe Die neue Wende in der Phänomenologie - Heideggers Phänomenologie des Lebens "(1924) 89 Seinosuke Yuasa Heidegger im Vorlesungssaal (1930) 109 Shuzo Kuki Heideggers Vom Wesen des Grundes - eine Inhaltsanalyse (Faksimile der Handschrift) 127 6 INHALT Hajime Tanabe Philosophie der Krise oder Krise der Philosophie? - Zu Heideggers Rektoratsrede (1933) 139 Keiji Nishitani Vorbereitende Bemerkungen zu zwei Meßkircher Ansprachen von Martin Heidegger (1966) 147 Köichi Tsujimura Martin Heideggers Denken und die japanische Philosophie Festrede zum 26. September 1969 159 Aus der Dankansprache Martin Heideggers (26. September 1969) 166 III. Daisetsu T. Suzuki Erinnerungen an einen Besuch bei Martin Heidegger (1953) 169 Tomio Tezuka Eine Stunde mit Heidegger. Drei Antworten (1955) 173 Freiburger Ehrendoktor für Hajime Tanabe (1957) 181 Hajime Tanabe Ein Dankbrief an Martin Heidegger (1957, mit Faksimile) 185 Shinichi Hisamatsu- Martin Heidegger Wechselseitige Spiegelung Aus einem Gespräch mit Martin Heidegger (1958) 189 Keiji Nishitani Ein tiefes Gefühl für die Krise der modernen Zivilisation Nachruf auf Martin Heidegger (1976) 193 Eihö Kawahara Herzliches Beileid. Zum Tode Martin Heideggers (1976) 195 Jiro Watanabe Im Schatten von Kastanienbäumen Nachruf auf Martin Heidegger (1976) 199 Ryösuke öhashi Erinnerungen an Fritz Heidegger (1982) 203 INHALT 7 IV. Martin Heidegger Vorrede zur japanischen Übersetzung von Was ist Metaphysik ? (1930) . 209 Martin Heidegger-Shinichi Hisamatsu Die Kunst und das Denken Protokoll eines Colloquiums am 18. Mai 1958 (Alfredo Guzzoni) 211 Martin Heidegger-Takehiko Kojima Ein Briefwechsel (1963-1965) 216 Martin Heidegger Ein Brief an Keikichi Matsuo (1966) 228 Martin Heidegger Zur Frage nach der Bestimmung der Sache des Denkens Vorwort für die japanische Übersetzung (1968, mit Faksimile) 230 Martin Heidegger Grußwort (1974) anläßlich des Erscheinens von Nr. 500 der Zeitschrift Risö 232 V. Hartmut Buchner Zur japanischen Heidegger-Gesamtausgabe 237 Tadashi Közuma Bibliographie der Heidegger-Übersetzungen und der deutschsprachigen Heidegger-Texte in Japan 245 Abbildungen nach Seite 262 Erläuterungen zu den Abbildungen 263 Zu den Autoren und Übersetzern 267 Personenregister 275 Martin Heidegger in Schriften der Stadt Meßkirch.
Recommended publications
  • Japan's World and the World's Japan: Images, Perceptions, and Reactions
    The 31st Japan Studies Association of Canada ! Annual Conference! ! Japan’s World and the World’s Japan:! Images, Perceptions, and Reactions! ! Conference Proceedings October 11-14, 2018 University of Alberta Edmonton JAPAN’S WORLD | THE WORLD’S JAPAN A Collection of Papers from the Japan Studies Association of Canada (JSAC) 2018 Annual Meeting held at the University of Alberta Edited by Aya Fujiwara (University of Alberta) and James White (University of Alberta) © 2019 Japan Studies Association of Canada TABLE OF CONTENTS________________________________________________________ LIST OF TABLES iii LIST OF FIGURES iv LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS vi EDITOR’S PREFACE vii 1. JAPAN-WEST INTERCULTURE: TIME’S STEP BACK—DŌGEN, 1 WATSUJI, KUKI AND HEIDEGGER 2. THE EJCA HISTORY PROJECT AND 2013 SURVEY: 27 BACKGROUND, ACCESS AND SOME REFLECTIONS 3. TRANSLATION WITHOUT WORDS: WHAT KYŌGEN CAN TELL 38 US ABOUT SAMUEL BECKETT’S TOLERANCE FOR ADAPTATION 4. FORTY YEARS AFTER THE CHINA-JAPAN TREATY OF PEACE AND 47 FRIENDSHIP: REFLECTIONS ON CHANGING ECONOMIC AND COMMERICAL RELATIONS 5. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE FIRST SIX YEARS OF ABENOMICS 85 6. FOUR DECADES SINCE THE PUBLICATION OF E.W. SAID’S 109 ORIENTALISM: BRIEF COMMENTS ON ITS IDEOLOGICAL ROOTS AND IMPACT ON JAPAN AND JAPAN-RELATED SCHOLARSHIP 7. THE TOURIST WALKING ROUTES OF BUNKYO WARD, TOKYO: 125 FOREIGN PERCEPTIONS OF WALKABILITY JSAC 2019 | Japan’s World / The World’s Japan ii LIST OF TABLES_____________________________________________________________ Table 1.1 Western Civilization and East Asian Civilization
    [Show full text]
  • The Philosophical and Historical Dynamics of Watsuji Tetsuro's Cultural Phenomenology
    UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations 1-1-2000 The philosophical and historical dynamics of Watsuji Tetsuro's cultural phenomenology Edgar Allan Weir University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds Repository Citation Weir, Edgar Allan, "The philosophical and historical dynamics of Watsuji Tetsuro's cultural phenomenology" (2000). UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations. 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.25669/lmir-omzr This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted.
    [Show full text]
  • Recensions Et Notices
    Recensions, notices, etc. Creative Evolution (CE) The Creative Mind (CM) Duration and Simultaneity (DS) Introduction to Metaphysics (IM) Laughter (L) Matter and Memory (MM) Mind-Energy (ME) Time and Free Will (TFW) The Two Sources of Morality and Religion (TSMR) 1890 Thomas Whittaker. Rev. of Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience by Henri Bergson. Mind 51.58 (April 1890): 292-93. Print. (TFW) 1900 Henri Bergson. Smiekh v zhizni I na styenye . Ed. and Trans. A. E. Yanóvski. Saint Petersburg, Russia: Published by “Twentieth Century,” 1900, 131. (L) 1901 Rev. of Le Rire by Henri Bergson. Mind 10.38 (April 1901): 275-76. Print. “Our only regret is that with such a command of facts, and such philosophic insight, M. Bergson has not gone deeper into fundamentals.” P. 276. (L) 1903 Henri Bergson. Introduction à la métaphysique . Paris: Cahiers de la quinzaine, 1903, 79. (4 ser., 12) (IM) 1 1906 Henri Bergson. “Um listir.” Trans. Guômundur Finnbogason. Skirnir , 1906, 237-248. (L) 1907 George Herbert Mead. “Review of l’évolution créatrice by Henri Bergson.” Psychological Bulletin 4 (1907): 379-84. Print. Mead states: “The author insists that the basic problem with evolutionary theory is essentially philosophical rather than scientific, though he suggests the possibility that a later science may succeed in using the philosophic point of view to translate the phenomena of physico-chemistry as Descartes used algebra to translate geometry” (p. 381). He objects that Bergson does not sufficiently stress the mind’s activity in constructing scientific knowledge. (CE) 1909 Henri Bergson. Tvorcheskaia evolutsiia . Moscow: Izdute’lstvo Semenova, 1909.
    [Show full text]
  • Somaesthetics: a Disciplinary Proposal
    Somaesthetics: A Disciplinary Proposal Richard Shusterman The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Vol. 57, No. 3. (Summer, 1999), pp. 299-313. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-8529%28199922%2957%3A3%3C299%3ASADP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism is currently published by The American Society for Aesthetics. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/tasfa.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers, and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community take advantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. http://www.jstor.org Mon Feb 18 13:51:19 2008 RICHARD SHUSTERMAN Somaesthetics:A Disciplinary Proposal "Beauty is a great recommendation," wrote tentative, my proposal remained very vague.
    [Show full text]
  • PURDUE UNIVERSITY (01/07) GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis Acceptance
    Graduate School ETD Form 9 PURDUE UNIVERSITY (01/07) GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis Acceptance This is to certify that the thesis prepared By Joel William Krueger Entitled WILLIAM JAMES AND KITARƯ NISHIDA ON "PURE EXPERIENCE," CONSCIOUSNESS, AND MORAL PSYCHOLOGY Complies with University regulations and meets the standards of the Graduate School for originality and quality DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY For the degree of Final examining committee members Charlene Haddock Seigfried , Chair Donald W. Mitchell Daniel W. Smith Thomas P. Kasulis Approved by Major Professor(s): Charlene Haddock Seigfried Approved by Head of Graduate Program: Rod Bertolet Date of Graduate Program Head's Approval: April 20, 2007 WILLIAM JAMES AND KITARŌ NISHIDA ON “PURE EXPERIENCE,” CONSCIOUSNESS, AND MORAL PSYCHOLOGY A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Joel W. Krueger In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2007 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana ii This dissertation is dedicated to my parents, in loving gratitude for their patience and support. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am deeply indebted to all of the members of my committee, Professor Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Professor Donald W. Mitchell, Professor Daniel W. Smith, and Professor Thomas P. Kasulis. Each in their own way provided ongoing examples of how serious scholarship can co-exist alongside the virtues of warmth, humor and compassion. I am especially indebted to Professor Charlene Haddock Seigfried, my major advisor. Her critical reading of this dissertation was invaluable, and her comprehensive knowledge of James a continuing inspiration. Finally, I would like to thank my wife, Robyn Remke, for her support and encouragement.
    [Show full text]
  • Entire Thesis
    Intercorporeality: Merleau-Ponty’s Ontology of Flesh and Butoh Dance Practice Pawel Szynkarczuk Goldsmiths, University of London A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 DECLARATION I declare that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Pawel Szynkarczuk 2 ABSTRACT This research project is interdisciplinary and intercultural. Broadly, it moves between the practices of phenomenology and dance in order to contribute in an original way to contemporary debates associated with a so-called 'somatic turn' in recent critical theory. Specifically, the project engages with the phenomenology/ontology of the late Merleau-Ponty, and with Butoh, a dance form that emerged in Japan in the late 1950s, having sources in Noh Theatre and Kabuki and western Expressionist Dance. What these practices bring to the broad contemporary debates concerning somatic/embodiment, in methodologically distinct ways, is a focus on intercorporeality; a phenomenon/experience/lived concept that, in Merleau-Ponty’s later work, increasingly replaces earlier notions of intersubjectivity, thus decentering the western, epistemological concept of the (humanist) “subject” and emphasising instead an anonymous, pre-personal basis of existence. The project as a whole draws largely on my own original research of an as yet largely un-researched constellation of source materials and practices. It also contributes to Merleau-Pontean scholarship by examining Merleau-Pontean ideas that have still not been fully exploited, and exploring possible relationships between this material and Eastern philosophical views of embodiment. A further important aspect of the originality of my work is its methodological approach as I also discuss issues of intercorporeality and the pre-personal experientially, through lived practice and interrogations of Butoh.
    [Show full text]
  • Book Reviews
    Philosophy of Religion 29: 187-192, 1991. Book reviews Eugene Fontinell, Self, God, and Immortality: A Jamesian Investigation. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986. XVII and 297 pages. $34,95. William James's commentary on religion contains a persistent tension between the attractions of humanism and theism. His twin impulses express an unease in modernist culture between the call to be engaged in this world and the attractions of religious belief. The question of immor- tality is perhaps the most problematic issue on this front because it is so baldly other-wordly: to anyone even moderately swayed by the call of human reason and moral action, immortality belief seems implausible or even plainly irrelevant. At this impasse, with potential religious believers attracted to religious faith but repulsed by one of its major features, Eugene Fontinell's God, Self, and Immortality offers welcome, sane, and judicious commentary and insights. He draws on the work of James and other pragmatists and phenomenologists to investigate the possibility for an immortality belief in the modem cultural context. Just as James sought to mediate science and religion at the beginning of the modernist era, Fontinell seeks a middle ground which like humanism avoids the escapism of traditional beliefs in immortality, yet like these, recognizes the deep satisfactions and comfort that come with expectation of life beyond this veil of tears and unfulfilled hopes. This is a tall order indeed. While his challenge is difficult, Fontinell brings to the task a scholar's understanding of pragmatic philosophy and a range of philosophies of immortality and also a creative philosopher's insights on this elusive and pressing religious question.
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Religions
    Centre for the Study of Japanese Religions CSJR Newsletter January 2007 Issue 14-15 In this issue FROM THE CHAIR 2 From the Centre Chair A Happy New Year to All! Centre Activities 2006 was another busy year for the Centre. We held two successful workshops, one 3 CSJR Seminar Schedule in June in London, organized by Ornella Corazza of the Department of the Study of Religions at SOAS, and one in September in Kyoto, co-organized by myself and Ikuyo CSJR Postgraduate Fora Matsumoto, hosted by the Art Research Centre of Ritsumeikan University. The themes 4 Symposium: The Power of Ritual addressed stretched from contemporary conceptions of the body to medieval rituals, but the participation of the public (the Kyoto workshop had an extraordinary audience of 7 立命館大学ワークショップ『儀礼の more than 130 people) demonstrated the interest in different aspects of Japanese religi- 力』の印象から osity and an appreciation for the multidisciplinary approach of the Centre. I would like 8 Rethinking Embodiment: A to extend my thanks to the participants, and to the external sponsors, who, in a different Workshop in Commemoration of capacity, made these exchanges possible. Professor Yasuo Yuasa Last year we also implemented some changes in the constitution of the Centre, including Postgraduate a new Advisory Board. I am very pleased to welcome Professor Barbara Ruch of Co- lumbia University and Professor Richard Bowring of Cambridge University, who have 12 Japanese Christians and Their graciously agreed to act as advisors to the executive. We thank them for their willingness Attitude Towards the Dead to get involved with the Centre, and look forward to their feedback and to a fruitful col- 13 Towards a Critical Biography of laboration.
    [Show full text]
  • Jinrin and Sittlichkeit: a Comparison Between Two Theories of Community
    Jinrin and Sittlichkeit: A comparison between two theories of community Tomoki HAZAMA (Hiroshima University) Abstract The Japanese representative philosopher Tetsurō Watsuji’s ethical theory has been influenced by Hegel, as many interpreters of Watsuji’s work have pointed out. It is sure that there are many resemblances between Watsuji’s ethical theory and that of Hegel. However, the foundational concepts of Watsuji’s ethical theory, namely, “aidagara (social relation)” and the dialectic of “kū (emptiness),” can be found in his work before his intensive study of Hegel. In this article, I aim to elucidate the key differences in terms of the foundational thoughts between Watsuji’s theory of “aidagara” and Hegel’s theory of “Sittlichkeit (ethical life).” I will argue that the inter-relation of subjects as “aidagara” for Watsuji is a “given” in the sense that it already and always exists, and that, in contrast to this, the inter-relation of subjects as “recognition” for Hegel needs to be achieved or restored. Keywords: aidagara, jinrin, recognition, spirit, Sittlichkeit Introduction Tetsurō Watsuji (1889–1960) was not only a historian of Japanese culture and thought, but also a philosopher who established an original systematic theory of ethics. It has not been difficult for interpreters of his ethical theory to find Hegel’s influence in his work.1 According to Koyasu, for example, Watsuji acquired the concept of the “dialectic of negation” from Hegel [Koyasu 2010, p. 139; Takahashi 2002.]. Both Yuasa and Hoshino point to the influence of Hegel’s theory of “Sittlichkeit” in the Philosophy of Right (Philosophie des Rechts) on “jinrinteki soshiki (the organization of ethical life),” with which Watsuji’s principal work, Ethics (Rinrigaku), engages in detail [Yuasa 1981, p.
    [Show full text]
  • William James and Kitaro Nishida on Consciousness and Embodiment | William James Studies
    11/11/2015 The Varieties of Pure Experience: William James and Kitaro Nishida on Consciousness and Embodiment | William James Studies VOLUME 1 THE VARIETIES OF PURE EXPERIENCE: WILLIAM JAMES AND KITARO NISHIDA ON CONSCIOUSNESS AND EMBODIMENT The Varieties of Pure Experience: William James and Kitaro Nishida on Consciousness and Embodiment Joel W. Krueger 1. Introduction The notion of “pure experience” is one of the most intriguing and simultaneously perplexing features 1 of William James’s writings. There seems to be little consensus in the secondary literature as to how to understand this notion, and precisely what function it serves within the overall structure of James’s thought. Yet James himself regards this idea as the cornerstone of his radical empiricism. And the latter, James felt, was his unique contribution to the history of philosophy; he believed that philosophy “was on the eve of a considerable rearrangement” when his essay “A World of Pure Experience” was first published in 1904. While Western philosophy is still perhaps awaiting this “considerable rearrangement,” James’s notion of pure experience was quickly appropriated by another thinker who in fact did inaugurate a considerable rearrangement of his own intellectual tradition: the Japanese philosopher Kitaro Nishida (1870—1945), the founder and most important figure of the Kyoto School of modern Japanese philosophy. Kitaro Nishida is widely recognized as Japan’s foremost modern philosopher. His earliest major work, 2 An Inquiry into the Good (1911), is generally considered to be the founding statement of the Kyoto School of modern Japanese philosophy. Other prominent Kyoto School figures, including Hajime Tanabe (1885–1962), Keiji Nishitani (1900–1990), and Masao Abe (1915– ), each acknowledged the profound influence of Nishida’s work on their own intellectual development.
    [Show full text]
  • The Choreography of the Soul a Psychedelic Philosophy of Consciousness
    The Choreography of the Soul A Psychedelic Philosophy of Consciousness by Ed D’Angelo ©Ed D’Angelo 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword . ii Preface . ix Introduction . 1 Chapter I. OBJECTS AND BODIES . 16 A. The Metaphysics of Objects . 16 B. The Genealogy and Psychology of the Metaphysics of Objects . 20 C. The Cosmology of Bodies . 32 Chapter II. NIETZSCHEAN-MATRIARCHAL PHILOSOPHY AND PLATONIC-PATRIARCHAL PHILOSOPHY . 40 A. Nietzsche at Eleusis . 41 B. The Death of God and the Spiral Dance . 50 Chapter III. SYSTEM X and SYSTEM Y . 88 A. Nietzsche’s Genealogy and Physiology of Consciousness . 93 B. The Neuropsychology of System X and System Y . 109 C. The Neuropsychological Development of System Y: A Mask is Born . 132 Chapter IV. DIVINE-KINGSHIP AND TRANCE EXPERIENCE . 151 A. Symbolic Thought and Ego-Directed Thought . 155 B. The Sun’s Journey to the Underworld . 160 C. The Song and Dance of Divine-Kingship . 182 Conclusion . 206 Bibliography . 210 i Foreword This work is a recently revised version of my dissertation, submitted to the Graduate School at the State University of New York at Stony Brook in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Philosophy. The original title was The Choreography of the Soul: Recursive Patterns in Psychology, Political Anthropology and Cosmology. The dissertation was presented to the dissertation committee at my defense held in December of 1987 and was published by University Microfilms International in May of 1988. The Dissertation Director was Robert C. Neville (1939- ), an American systematic philosopher, metaphysician, theologian, Confucian, Calvinist, and ordained Methodist pastor.
    [Show full text]
  • Becoming God, Becoming the Buddha: the Relation of Identity and Praxis in the Thought of Maximus the Confessor and Kūkai
    BECOMING GOD, BECOMING THE BUDDHA: THE RELATION OF IDENTITY AND PRAXIS IN THE THOUGHT OF MAXIMUS THE CONFESSOR AND KŪKAI A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Steven E. Pustay December 2015 Examining Committee Members: Shigenori Nagatomo, Advisory Chair, Department of Religion Vasiliki Limberis, Department of Religion Lucy Bregman, Department of Religion Aryeh Botwinick, External Member, Department of Political Science ABSTRACT My dissertation investigates the concept of ‘divinization’, or becoming like (or identical to) God or the Buddha in the thought of two early medieval monk-philosophers from radically different religious-philosophical traditions, Maximus the Confessor (580- 662 CE) and Kukai (774-835 CE). I use this as a means of comparing the relationship between understandings of identity and praxis advocated by these two thinkers. Maximus was a Christian monk who lived during a period of great theological and political turmoil in the Byzantine Empire and participated in the theological debates of his day. Kukai was a Japanese monk who studied esoteric Buddhism in China and returned to establish an esoteric lineage in Japan, allowing it to survive after its demise in China. In the first half of my dissertation, I investigate their philosophical understandings of identity , what makes a thing what it is and not something else. I consider this their metaphysic (using the term in the broadest sense of an account of reality). I begin by looking at their religio-philosophical contexts which informed their thought and then on texts written by my principles themselves.
    [Show full text]