INQUIRING MIND A SEMI-ANNUAL JOURNAL OF THE VIPASSANA COMMUNITY VOLUME 11, NUMBER 2 • SPRING 1995

SE L F • NO • SE L F 6 ~ INQUIRING MIND

EDITED BY BARBARA GATES

Inquiring Mind was delighted once again to interview Joanna Macy, Buddhist scholar and deep ecologist. In her work­ shops to empower creative social action Macy has emphasized unpacking the self as a way of moving people towards an expanded identity and into compassionate engagement with the world. Macy has shown imaginative genius in adapting and applying the teachings of the Buddha to contemporary social issues, designing workshops with titles such as Despair and Empowerment in the Nuclear Age and The Council of All Beings. Her books include World as Lover, World as Self (Parallax Press, 1991), Mutual Causality: the Dharma of Natural Systems (SUNY Press, 1991), Despair and Personal Power in the Nuclear Age (New Society Publish­ ers, 1983), Dharma and Development (Kumarian Press, 1983), and Thinking Like a Mountain: Toward a Council of all Beings coauthored with John Seed (New Society Publishers, 1988). In describing what she calls "the greening of the self' Macy writes, "Oh, the sweetness of being able to realize: I am my experience. I am this breathng. I am this moment, and it is changing continually, arising in the fountain of life . . . . Far from the nihilism and escapism that is often imputed to the Buddhist path, this realization, this awakening, puts one into the world with a livelier, more caring sense of social engagement." Wes Nisker and Barbara Gates con­ A-~--~--•----- ducted this interview in November 1994 in brushpainting by Kazuaki Tanahashi · Oakland, California. metaphysical denial of the self would run Prajnaparamita, embodies this teaching. example, a Tibetan ritual that I have Inquiring Mind: In both your writing counter to his reliance on experience. So, The Mother of all Buddhas, or Deep adapted for use in the West. It is from and workshops, you explore the teaching instead of denying the subjectivity of Space as she is also called, keeps saying, the annual lama dances at Tashi Jong, a of no-self. Why is this teaching a key? experience, he denied that the subject "Don't be afraid." In painted and Tibetan refugee community in north­ could be isolated. The key was the shift sculpted forms, she holds her hand, west India that I have been involved with Joanna Macy: For me anatta is the fea­ from substance to process. You are not a palm outward, in the gesture that means, for 30 years. ture of the dharma that cuts to the core thing. You ·are not a substance or an "Fear not." She calls on all beings to In the middle of the dance_ground, of the suffering we create for ourselves essence separate from your experience of realize that they are bodhisattvas, and the ego is represented by a small clay doll and others, and points to the kind of life. What you are is a stream of experi­ since we as bodhisattvas have no firm inside an open, black, triangular box. liberation we can find: liberation to fully ences, a flowing stream of being, ground of self to stand on, she says we The three sides of the box, each bearing a enter our transiency, our imperma­ bhavasota, vinnanasota. can fly in her "deep space." And we fly painted skull, represent the three poi­ nence-and entering that flow, to be But in teaching and writing about on the wings of insight and compassion. sons--craving, hatred and ignorance­ released into action. To be action. Buddhist practice, the juiciness of this This understanding of no-self as that hold the ego together. During the process, the wealth of the flowing river, spaciousness, rather than annihilation, is ritual, the forces which undo the ego are IM: Yet, of course, anatta is an incred­ is often left unsung, unappreciated. So crucial. Many Westerners suffer from summoned and danced in full regalia. ibly challenging teaching to grasp. the teachings can seem rather unappetiz­ self-hatred, and an accompanying need Insight and compassion take many var­ ing. Selflessness can be easily misunder­ to have the self-which feels so unwor­ ied forms to reveal that, in the last analy­ JM:The concept of no-self is indeed stood to mean that we are being erased. thy-affirmed. I find this particularly sis, our self-centeredness, with all of its sticky. I'm teaching a course called In truth, we don't erase the self. We see with women students whose sense of self power to create suffering, does not exist "Spiritual Ground for World Engage­ through it. Throughout our lives we has been deeply wounded by the mi­ as anything permanently, substantially ment" at the Graduate Theological have been trying so hard to fix that "I" sogyny of our society. The no-self teach­ real. Union in which some of the divinity we have each been lugging around. So ing can strike them as one more assault. school students are encountering when we drop the endless struggle to So let's make clear that the dharma IM: What led you to adapt this ritual to a Buddhist teachings for the first time. improve it or punish it, to make it noble, brings more, not less, than what any self Western setting? When first presented with anatta, they to mortify it, or to sacrifice it, the relief is can offer. protested, "Buddhism is soulless!" Dis­ tremendous. It's a question of being Our goal is not so much to get oth­ JM:Actually, I had never planned to do solving the solidity of the self, as we do liberated from false views, from imagin­ ers to subscribe to no-self as doctrine as it. One day, after a trip to Tashi Jong, I in Buddhist practice, struck them as cold ing we have some private turf to take to help them spring free from narrow was describing this lama dance at a and joyless. care of, separate from the life flowing identification with their own self im­ Quaker retreat center. People responded, through us. age-what in the Buddhist context we "Let's do it!" I didn't think it would IM: The Buddha came up against the call ego-allowing an expanded identifi­ work. After all, they hadn't studied same resistance when he told the IM: But of course, letting go of this myth cation with the web of life itself and with Buddhist philosophy or practiced Hindus, who believed in atman, that of a fixed or solid "I" can also be terrify­ all beings. Buddhist meditation. But they not only there was no soul. ing. wanted to do it; they insisted on making IM: How can we go about teaching in their own ego dolls. Praying that my JM:But the Buddha didn't put it that JM:It certainly can. This was recognized this way? Tibetan teachers and friends would for­ way! Scholars, like Edward Conze, point in the early Mahayana sutras, where no­ give me for playing with their ancient out that the Buddha didn't teach that the self was strongly emphasized and ex­ 'JM:The ego likes to take itself seriously. ritual, I joined the others digging out self is not, but only that it cannot be tended in terms of shunyata, emptiness. So an effective approach is to have fun clay from a river bank. So each of us apprehended. To make a categorical The Perfection of Wisdom, with the ego's pretensions. Take, for made an ego doll. Mine looked a little INQUIRING MIND c-.., 7

IM: So, in your various classes and workshops, as in the Council of All Be­ ings, for example, you develop exercises which expand the sense of identity. Meditation practice is also a way of see­ ing that there is no solid ongoing being, of coming into a larger self. I imagine that the exercises you develop are skillful means, perhaps a more direct pointing for some who might never explore medi­ tation practice. How would you compare this work with a course in Buddhist meditation?

JM:First, this work is no substitute for a meditation retreat or regular sitting practice . But because it encourages spon­ taneity, it delivers unexpected jolts of truth . Also, the communal, interactive nature of this work lets us be directly enriched by the participation and contri­ butions of others. Understanding erupts, and love, too. I really want people to take joy in the gift oflife. To realize and experience that one is a stream of being instead of a permanent, solidified ego is cause for celebration! So this work involves cel­ ebration: Let's each enjoy the riches of ,- ___ ------· - his or her particular stream, with its cultural and geographic flavor, and its ---~~=-- -- - idiosyncrasies. IM: Maybe this will be a strength and uniqueness of Buddhism as it takes its An Interviewwith Western form. We can honor our indi­ vidual differences without seeing our­ JoannaMacy selves as solidified entities. JM:Exactly. Your stream is different from mine. It is enriched by everything that ever happened to you and all the like Richard Nixon-jowly face, with a selves into the process with contagious we know, you've got to accept a thing stories you ever heard. Our spiritual big mouth and a huge, pompously raised panache. "Taa-daa," someone would cry before you can detach from it. journey is not about evaporating into index finger. It portrayed and lam­ and leap forward with his precious ego The ritual in Los Angeles was great nothing. It's about moving beyond the pooned my own sense of self-importance doll, parade it in front of our noses and because the people in the entertainment fetters, the poisons, the hindrances­ as a teacher. It was tremendously satisfy­ place it reverently in the center. "Pre­ industry really got into the promotional everything that closes us off-and mov­ ing to make. senting, in his first ever public appear­ aspect. We had a drum roll and applause ing into vaster, more conscious partici­ ance, the incomparable one and only as each ego was presented, along with pation in reality. IM: Then how did you translate the smart-ass ego of mine. Many hands and extravagant expressions of appreciation. ritual? many mouths to hide the hollow heart." Egos like that very much. So we poured IM: How does our individual karma And I remember my own that time, on the praise, sometimes laughing till we affect the character of this flow of per­ JM: Carrying our dolls high like sacred always a little different from my previous cried. Of course the praise was never sonality? offerings, we made a grand, loud proces­ ego doll. It was a great-breasted earth enough. As we know, the ego is insa­ sion to a blazing bonfire. By this time, it mother, ever giving, ever self-sacrificing! tiable! You can never satisfy what doesn't JM:By the choices we make. We are was dark. We put our ego dolls down in really exist. constantly making choices in what we front of the flames, and danced with IM: And already, in the act of making When all the crude little sculptures think, say and do-and that's what we implements that we had prepared repre­ the doll, you were beginning to free were in the center, we chanted from the become. The Buddha stressed intention ·senting compassion and insight. Then yourself of that ego. Heart Sutra "Gate, gate, paragate, as the key determinant of karma. That is

each of us, in turn, danced alone and 1 in parasam gate, bodhi swaha!" (Gone, what shapes our identity, or you might our own way, expressed compassion for JM:Yes! And also through describing it gone, gone beyond, completely gone say, the character and consistency and all that had gone into making this ego, so flamboyantly to everyone else. An­ beyond, far out!) It was a way of bidding direction of our stream of being. and gratitude for the comfort it had other one said: "Feast your eyes on this goodbye to all the mental fabrications So waking up to the stream-like offered us over the years. Then, when sensitive soul bent over by the woes of that had outlived their usefulness. . quality of our self does not mean we just ready, amidst shouts of support, each of the world and afraid of getting her hands "go with the flow." On the contrary, we us threw his or her own ego into the dirty." And another: "This brilliant IM: Through enacting this ritual, the become aware of how that flow is af­ bonfire. know-it-all likes to sit real cool on the participants must have been transformed fected by the choices we make moment In subsequent years I adapted this sidelines and pass judgment." And: "See in some way. When you moved on to by moment. In the midst of the flux, we ritual for various classes and workshops. how sweetly this dear little ego smiles discuss strategies for social action, what must be as mindfully alert as a surfer. It One of these occasions was in Los hoping everyone will love her so she can had changed? is rather exhilarating. The opportunity Angeles in May 1992, right after the have her own way." for choice and change is there in every uprising that had burned and wasted JM:The group was more relaxed and instant. The way we exercise that oppor­ vast sections of the city. This was an IM: I hear how you all lambasted your more attentive at the same time. People tunity is who we are. As scholars point empowerment workshop for social egos, making fun of them. How did you could really listen to each other because, out: where other teachers said self or change, designed to prepare us for effec­ show appreciation for this work of art, for a while at least, they had dropped the atman, the Buddha said karma. And the tive action in the world. this personality yoµ' d constructed? need to prove anything. They tossed in original meaning of karma is action. The 70 people were racially mixed, suggestions without trying to "sell" with whites predominating. This par­ JM:Actually, the attitude was quite ap­ them. Also, when assessing resources for IM: In the evolution of your own insight ticular ritual remains vivid in my mind preciative, as people began to realize a given action, people informed each into self as process were there key expe­ because a number of the participants how much effort had gone into their other of the capabilities and assets they riences which opened up your under­ were employed in Hollywood's enter­ ego-creation . "It's a custom-made suit, could offer in a straightforward manner, standing? tainment industry. They threw them- man, and it's seen me through a lot." As without self-consciousness. Continued on page 14 14 n., INQUIRING MIND

since it is beyond concepts and of your face. There are also come humble! Then you get talking about anatta. To show words. Some would say that it practices of"sky-gazing," or JoANNAMAcY proud of your humility, so that how we are all ridden by self, he is the highest teaching and gazing into space, which in­ you keep tripping yourself up. asked: Whenever you look at a therefore also the most difficult volve exact sitting postures and Continuedfrom page 7 Years later when I encoun­ group photograph, whose face to apply. It is beyond effort, certain belts and sticks. tered the dharma and the do you search for first? Without even beyond method. Dzogchen Another dzogchenpractice JM: When I was sixteen, I had a anatta teaching, I heard it say: fail, it is your own. stands on its own as a practice is to integrate with the ele­ powerful experience in the Oh honey, you don't need to As I read, huddled up on because it is not about renun­ ments. If you find yourself by Christian context in which the sacrifice or crucify the self-or this shelf, in a noisy coach ciation or transformation; it is the ocean, a river or a fire, you crucifixion had great personal do anything with it-because it packed with humanity, I expe­ about all experiences liberating can merge your energy with the meaning for me. Jesus on the is not there anyway! That was a rienced a mental explosion, themselves. Awareness itself fundamental energy of that part cross meant that you could lay pivotal moment for me in my similar in intensity to the one I transforms awareness, so there of the phenomenal world. Each down the burden of trying to life. I remember I was traveling had when I was sixteen. I felt is nothing to do. of the elements is associated always take care of number one, alone on an overnight train like a kernel of popping corn. At the same time, there are with a color of light: the water the burden of self-seeking. from Delhi to see my Tibetan What was inside burst outside, also skillful means in dzogchen, element is white light; the fire There was something greater friends in the mountains ( the and what had been outside was certain methods and practices element is red light; the earth than the self that allowed relin­ same ones whose lama dance now inside. I sat there for the which dissolve our self-clinging element is yellow; and so on. By quishment of the self. inspired the group exercise I longest time gasping and the and _point to our true nature, doing the practice of integra­ But I couldn't sustain that just described). I was in a third whole world was transformed. which is the body of light. tion with the elements, you understanding for long, and class carriage and it was so Here I had always been wres­ There is the "dark retreat," begin to dissolve the solidity of worries took its place: Am I crowded I almost lost an arm tling with this huge question: sometimes called the bardo this body into its true nature, faithful enough? Do I love getting aboard. I was trying not what do you do with the self? retreat, which is a whole series which is light. The whole focus enough? Am I sacrificing to panic. I scrambled to the In Buddhism, I saw now, this of practices done in complete is on understanding what you enough? I began to see the cycle topmost of the three-tiered was essentially a non-problem. darkness. Special buildings are are, which is a body oflight, or of Christian humility. You give wooden berths and put my When I was able to think built where it is so dark that the rainbow body. away the self and you become nose in a book. It was by again, I knew: this is release you can't see your hand in front ~ humble. Oh boy, do you be- Huston Smith, and he was into action. ~

To know yourself, look into your heart ... Relationship Too Te Ching as Spiritual Practice

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