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Abad, Florencio, 250 Abdurrahman Wahid, 71, 83, 218, 231 Aberson Marle Sihaloho, 47 Abu Sayyaf, 10, 142 Acosta Family

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Abad, Florencio, 250 Abdurrahman Wahid, 71, 83, 218, 231 Aberson Marle Sihaloho, 47 Abu Sayyaf, 10, 142 Acosta Family Reproduced from Parliaments and Political Change in Asia by Jurgen Ruland, Clemens Jurgenmeyer, Miichael H. Nelson and Patrick Ziegenhain (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2005). This version was obtained electronically direct from the publisher on condition that copyright is not infringed. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the prior permission of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Individual articles are available at < http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg > Index 317 Index Abad, Florencio, 250 Autonomous Region of Muslim Abdurrahman Wahid, 71, 83, 218, 231 Mindanao (ARMM), 122 Aberson Marle Sihaloho, 47 Abu Sayyaf, 10, 142 Bagehot, Walter, 222 Acosta family, 186 ballot paper structure, 106–7 Agrarian Land Reform Law, 236 Bambang Warih Kusuma, 47 Akali Dal, 144 Banharn Silpa-archa, 61 Akbar Tandjung, 201 Bank Niaga, 173 Anand Panyarachun, 43 barangay, 231 ancien régime, 11, 51, 52, 55, 58, 59, Basic Law (Grundgesetz ), 52 103, 169 Batasan Pambansa, 28, 46, 47, 54, 231, Angkatan Bersenjata Republik 254 Indonesia (ABRI), 30 Batasan Pambansa elections, 28, 45 Anti–Money Laundering Council Bayan Muna, 111, 117 (AMLC), 238 Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), 39, 98, Appropriations Committee, 206 138 Aquino, Benigno S., 28, 127 Bicameral Conference Committees, 207 Aquino, Corazon, 28, 42, 55, 150, 237 bicameral gridlock, 281 Arifin Panigoro, 211 bicameral legislature, 27 Arroyo-Macapagal, Gloria, 237 bicameral system, 68, 280 Asian currency crisis, 31, 248 bicameralism, 66–76, 280 Asian financial crisis, 43, 120, 191 Bicol Saro, 139 Assam Gano Parishad, 144 Bihar, 173 Association of Philippine Electric Black May, 42 Cooperatives (APEC), 111 Bloody May, 35 authoritarian political culture, 3 Blue Ribbon Committee, 207, 243 authoritarian regimes, 2, 41, 45, 152 Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), 156 © 2005 Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore 318 Index Broad Guidelines of the State (Garis- committees, 204–13 Garis Besar Haluan Negara), 71 Commonwealth Constitution, 1935, 27 budgetary hearings, 249 Communist Party of India (CPI), 159 budgetary powers, 86 Communist Party of Thailand (CPT), budgetary process, 249 149 Byung-Kook Kim, 149 Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), 146 capital-labour cleavage, 147, 148–50, Comprehensive Agrarian Land Reform 168 Law, 237 Carey, John M., 77 Comprehensive Tax Reform Law, 237 Carter, Jimmy, 44 Concerned Citizens Aggrupation Catholic clergy, 28 (CCA), 139, 142 cause-oriented groups, 41 Conference Committee, 207, 245 Centre for Parliament Watch, 128 Congress, see Indian National Congress centre-periphery cleavage, 141–44 consensus democracy, 9–11 chaebol, 241 consolidation phase, 12 Chamber of Real Estate Brokers Constitution Drafting Assembly Association (CREBA), 111 (CDA), 61 Chamlong Srimuang, 43 Constitution Drafting Committee, 57 Chan Wook Park, 20 Constitution of India, 37 Chatichai Choonhavan, 35 constitutional authoritarianism, 27 Chang Myon, 32 Constitutional Commission, 53, 55 Chart Thai, 159 Consultative People’s Assembly, 68, 71 Chuan Leekpai, 61 Cooper Act, 69 Chun Doo Hwan, 33, 48, 245 Cooperative Code of the Philippines, Citizens Battle Against Corruption 237 (CIBAC), 111 Countrywide Development Fund Citizens’ Alliance for the 2000 General (CDF), 234 Elections (CAGE), 129, 157 coup d’état, 34 Citizens’ Coalition for Economic Croissant, Aurel, 79 Justice, 128 civic culture, 96 dagdag-bawas, 121 civil society, 41, 44, 268, 275 Dahl, Robert A., 1, 12, 50 cleavage structure and party-building, Dawn 21 group, 203 151–53 decentralization law, 142 cleavages, 140–51 Declaration of Democratic Reform, 34 Collier, David, 27 decree-making powers, 78, 80 Commission on Election Monitoring and Defensor-Santiago, Miriam, 158, 250 Development of Democracy, 128 Democracy Commission on Elections consolidation of, 11, 29, 137, 269 (COMELEC), 110, 140, 279 elite support for, 25 Committee for Inter-Parliamentary Democracy Development Committee Cooperation (BKSAP), 210 (DDC), 61 © 2005 Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore Index 319 Democrat Party, 148 Ethics Codes and Ethics Committees, Democratic Alliance (DA), 150 217 democratic consolidation, 29 ethnic cleavages, 150 Democratic Justice Party (DJP), 34, 45, executive-legislative gridlock, 235 59 executive-legislative relationship, 8, Democratic Korea Party (DKP), 45 76–89 democratization, 11, 50, 51, 92, 269 Desierto, Aniano, 254 Financial Action Task Force (FATF), Development and Shelter Act, 237 238 Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR), 30, floating mass (massa mengambang), 31 47, 70, 251, 255, 280 Forum Komunikasi Massa, 211 Diamond, Larry, 1 founding elections, 12, 95, 166 Dimyati Hartono, 202 Fraksi Kesatuan Kebangsaan Indonesia, district delimitation, 101–3 204 domino theory, 126 Fraksi Perserikatan Daulatul Ummah, Donggyodong faction, 203 204 Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), Frank, Rüdiger, 154 144 Freedom Constitution, 54, 55 East Indonesian caucus (Iramasuka), Gandhi, Indira, 38, 272 201 Gibbs, Eugene, 117 East Timor, 142 Golkar (Golongan Karya), 30, 42 EDSA II, 29 Grand National Party (GNP), 144, Eith, Ulrich, 141 154, 172 election administration, 121–40 Green Card, 100 Election Commission of India, 174 Green Party, 151 Election Commission of Thailand Guided Democracy (demokrasi (ECT), 35, 62, 66, 73, 123, 224 terpimpin), 30 elections, 96, 123, 137–41, 172 Guruh Sukarnoputra (PDI-P), 211 electoral fraud, 45, 115–25, 121, 266, 269 Habibie, B. Jusef, 31 electoral principles, 96–97 Hukbalahap Rebellion, 126, 150 electoral reforms, 279 electoral system, 97, 138, 140 impeachment, 253 electoral thresholds, 105–6 inclusiveness, 9–15, 23–24, electoral violence, 45, 116, 266 60, 67, 77, 93, 95–97, 100, 103– emergency powers, 81 5, 107–15, 117, 120, 131, 136– emergency rule, 38 38, 147, 153, 163–89, 192, 205, Enrile, Juan Ponce, 42 239, 241, 256, 261, 266–70, Estrada, Joseph E., 29, 199, 230, 235, 279–81 270 incongruence, 68 Ethical Code (Kode Etik ), 193 India agriculturalists, 168 © 2005 Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore 320 Index Anti-Defection Law, 159, 198, 248 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 3, colonial legislatures, 26 191 Lok Sabha election results, 1999, 112 Interparliamentary Union (IPU), 21 plurality voting, 97 investigative committees, 204 ruralization of parliaments, 74, 175, Islamic insurgencies, 27, 30 183, 269 vote of constructive no-confidence, JAMPPI (Jaringan Masyarakat 89, 280 Pemantau Pemilu), 128 Indian Constitution, 52, 54, 63 Jayalalitha, 174 Indian independence movement, 38 Joint Conference Committee, 207, 249 Indian National Congress, 38, 98, 146, Jones Act, 69 147, 159 Jungug Choi, 139 Indian president, 81, 84 Indochina War, 126 kabupaten, 230 Indonesia keterbukaan, 45 Constituent Assembly (konstituante), Kilusang Bagong Lipunan Party (KBL), 30 46 Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR), Kim Dae Jung, 154 45–47, 78, 115, 172, 245, 210, King Prajadhipok (Rama VII), 34 271 King Prajadhipok Institute (KPI), 214 Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR), Komite Independen Pemantau Pemilu election results 1999, 115 in Indonesia (KIPP), 126 first free elections, 120 Köllner, Patrick, 154 election-watch body, KIPP, 49, 128 Kompas survey, 276 open-list election, 106 Korea proportional representation, 97, 99, partition of, 32 132, 139 Kothari, Rajni, 38 reservation of seats in parliament, 171 Kohli, Atul, 173 Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency Korean War, 32, 149 (IBRA), 173 Krumwiede, Heinrich-Wilhelm, 9 Indonesian electoral law, 100 Kwangju uprising, 33, 245 Indonesian House Rules, 203 Indonesian independence declaration, Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino 30 (LDP), 111 Indonesian judiciary, 46 Lakas ng Bayan (Laban), 139 internal colonialism,141 Lakas-NUCD, 199 Institute for Strategic and Development Landé, Carl, 70 Studies, 53 Law on Manpower (ketenagakerjaan), International Institute for Democracy 239 and Electoral Assistance, 71 Legislative Reorganization Act, 205 International Labour Organization Legislative-Executive Development (ILO), 239 Administration Committee (LEDAC), 234, 281 © 2005 Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore Index 321 legislature, 3, 8, 14, 26, 79, 96, 136, Mielke, Gerd, 141 171, 179, 222, 232, 271, 274, Millenium Democratic Party (MDP), 281 143, 148, 154 Leones, Eroll B., 119 Mindanao, 150 Letters of Intent (LOI), 3 Mindanao Alliance, 139 Levitsky, Steven, 27 Moro rebellion, 150 Liberal Party (LP), 27 Mitra, Subrata K., 39 Lie Piao, Alvin, 260 Moluccas, 150 liberalization, 11, 41, 45, 49 Moraleda, Miel, 119 Lijphart, Arend, 9, 67, 68, 75, 76, 97, Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), 99 141 Lim Dong Won, 253 Moro National Liberation Front line-item veto, 85 (MNLF), 141 Linz, Juan J., 8, 9 Morris-Jones, Wyndraeth Humphrey, Lipset, Seymour M., 9, 140, 141, 148 37 Local Autonomy Act, 245 Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Local Government Code, 239 (MPR), 31 Lok Dal, 147 Lok Sabha, 74, 75, 98, 103, 181, 183, Nacionalista Party (NP), 27 212 NAMFREL, 126, 127 National Assembly, 32–34, 61, 62, 65, Macapagal-Arroyo, Gloria, 9, 230, 235 93, 128, 172, 177, 192, 208, 209, Madiun rebellion, 148 216, 229, 272–74 Magsaysay era, 150 National Capital Region, 42 Magsaysay, Ramon, 126 National Congress for New Politics Mahkamah Konstitusi, 89 (NCNP), 154 Mainwaring, Scott, 9, 236 National Counter Corruption Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Commission (NCCC), 35, 62, (MPR), 17, 31, 60, 68, 254 224, 252 majoritarian democracy, 9–11 National Election Commission (KPU), Manpower Bill, 47 122–23 Marcos, Ferdinand E., 27, 28, 40, 44, National Election Commission (NEC), 68, 139 102,
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