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CURRICULUM High School Objectives

Strand: PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTION

Goals: The student will demonstrate understanding of music through listening, analyzing, and creating music individually and in groups.

MUSIC TECHNOLOGY ADVANCED MUSIC TECHNOLOGY HS.1 The student will participate in a variety of music experiences. HS.1 The student will participate in a variety of music experiences.

HS.1.1 The student will develop skills in music composition individually and HS.1.1 The student will develop skills in music composition individually and in groups. in groups.

HS.1.2 The student will listen and respond to music. HS.1.2 The student will listen and respond to music.

HS.2 The student will read and notate music. HS.2 The student will read and notate music.

HS.2.1 The student will employ technology to notate and/or read music. HS.2.1 The student will employ technology to notate and/or read music.

HS.2.2 The student will use notation-based software to arrange and HS.2.2 The student will use notation-based software to arrange and compose for various classical and non-classical groups. compose for various classical and non-classical groups.

HS.2.3 The student will become familiar with different types of instruments HS.2.3 The student will become familiar with different types of instruments and learn to arrange for them. and learn to arrange for them.

79 MUSIC CURRICULUM High School Music Technology Objectives

Strand: CULTURAL CONTEXT AND

Goals: The student will demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the fundamental theory and structure. The student will understand the role of music in society.

MUSIC TECHNOLOGY ADVANCED MUSIC TECHNOLOGY HS.3 The student will organize and express musical ideas and sounds. HS.3 The student will organize and express musical ideas and sounds.

HS.3.1 The student will become familiar with various HS.3.1 The student will become familiar with various orchestration techniques. techniques.

HS.4 The student will investigate characteristics of musical sounds. HS.3.2 The student will compose various styles of music.

HS.4.1 The student will become familiar with the fundamental elements of HS.3.3 The student will become familiar with the use of and music theory including; sequencing in the production of music. • Intervals • Triads HS.3.4 The student will understand the theoretical elements of music. • Keys • Key Signatures HS.4 The student will investigate characteristics of musical sounds. • • Meter HS.4.1 The student will become familiar with the fundamental elements of music theory including; HS.5 The student will investigate the role of music in the human experience. • Intervals • Triads HS.5.1The student will create music for live performances. • Keys • Key Signatures HS.5.2 The student will learn about opportunities for music production in the • Rhythm . • Meter

HS.5.3 The student will be exposed to multiple career paths in the music HS.4.2 The student will demonstrate a fundamental understanding of the industry and understand music as a business. physics of musical sound and how sound is created and manipulated synthetically. HS.5.4 The student will learn how to self-publish and promote their own music. HS.4.3 The student will understand the set-up and usage of MIDI.

HS.4.4 The student will become familiar with recording and mixdown techniques.

80 MUSIC CURRICULUM High School Music Technology Objectives

MUSIC TECHNOLOGY ADVANCED MUSIC TECHNOLOGY HS.4.5 The student will become familiar with the use of digital signal processing and audio effects.

HS.5 The student will investigate the role of music in the human experience.

HS.5.1The student will create music for live performances.

HS.5.2 The student will learn about opportunities for music production in the music industry.

HS.5.3 The student will be exposed to multiple career paths in the music industry and understand music as a business.

HS.5.4 The student will learn how to self-publish and promote their own music.

HS.5.5 The student will compose projects with real world applications.

HS.5.6 The student will develop an understanding of current and intellectual property trends, standards, and law.

81 MUSIC CURRICULUM High School Music Technology Objectives

Strand: JUDGMENT AND CRITICISM

Goal: The student will reflect upon and respond to the affective and intellectual qualities of music, while examining music from various cultural perspectives and artists.

MUSIC TECHNOLOGY ADVANCED MUSIC TECHNOLOGY HS.6 The student will develop evaluative criteria to make aesthetic HS.6 The student will develop evaluative criteria to make aesthetic judgments. judgments.

HS.6.1 The student will develop skills in evaluating music individually and in HS.6.1 The student will develop skills in evaluating music individually and in groups. groups.

HS.6.2 The student will defend individual judgments regarding the function HS.6.2 The student will defend individual judgments regarding the function of the elements of music. of the elements of music.

HS.6.3 The student will apply their knowledge, skills, and understanding of HS.6.3 The student will apply their knowledge, skills, and understanding of music to make informed artistic judgments about their own creative work, as music to make informed artistic judgments about their own creative work, as well as the work of others in music composition. well as the work of others in music composition.

82 MUSIC CURRICULUM High School Music Technology Objectives

Strand: AESTHETICS

Goal: The student will reflect upon and respond to the affective and intellectual qualities of music while examining music from various cultural perspectives and artists.

MUSIC TECHNOLOGY ADVANCED MUSIC TECHNOLOGY HS.7 The student will explore music styles and genres through listening, HS.7 The student will explore music styles and genres through listening, writing, and discussing. writing, and discussing.

HS.7.1 The student will reflect upon and respond to the affective and HS.7.1 The student will reflect upon and respond to the affective and intellectual qualities of music while examining music from various cultural intellectual qualities of music while examining music from various cultural perspectives and artists. perspectives and artists.

HS.8 The student will demonstrate appropriate performance behavior as a HS.8 The student will demonstrate appropriate performance behavior as a participant and/or listener. participant and/or listener.

HS.8.1 The student will exhibit respect for the contribution of self and others HS.8.1 The student will exhibit respect for the contribution of self and others within a . within a musical setting.

HS.9 The student will identify and compare relationships between music HS.9 The student will identify and compare relationships between music and other disciplines. and other disciplines.

HS.9.1 The student will compose music for various media. HS.9.1 The student will compose music for various media.

83 MUSIC CURRICULUM Secondary Music Literacy Concepts

PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTION 1. Articulation – Start and release of a note; In voice, clearly pronouncing consonants and vowels when . 2. Bowings – Technique of using the bow 3. Breath Support – Speed of air, use of diaphragmatic muscles to give carrying power to the voice/instrument 4. Chord – Simultaneous sounding of three or more notes 5. Chord Progressions – Placement of chords, their relationships and functions 6. Diction – Clarity of pronunciation 7. Elements of Music: • – Speed of the piece; • Rhythm – Time value of notes; feeling of movement; • – Chordal structure of a musical composition; • Dynamics – Louds and softs of music; • – Tone color of instruments; • Form – Certain scheme, structure of a composition; and • – A succession of musical tones, thematic pattern of fixed units. 8. Embellishments – Ornamentation 9. – Position of Lips, mouth 10. Ensemble – Group of performing/playing together 11. Expression – Emotional effect of music – involves tempo, rhythm, dynamics, phrasing, articulations. 12. Improvise – Performing spontaneously 13. Instruments – The generic name for all contrivances producing musical sounds, with the exception of the voice. They are usually classified into four categories: strings, woodwind, brass, percussion. 14. Intonation – Singing or playing in tune 15. Meter – Pattern of fixed units indicated by a time signature 16. Pattern – repeated melodic and or rhythmic set of notes, chords or 17. Performance – A presentation before an audience 18. Phrase – Division of musical line comparable to a sentence. 19. Posture – A position or attitude of the body or of body parts. 20. Practice – To perform repeatedly in order to acquire or polish a skill 21. Range – The maximum extent 22. Rehearsal – A session of practice for a performance 23. Repertoire – The stock of , music, that a player, company, ensemble is prepared to perform. 24. Rudiment – A fundamental element or skill 25. Scale – Tonal pattern of music 26. Sight Read – To read, conduct, or perform without prior preparation. 27. Technique – The degree of skill shown in any performance 28. Tempo – Speed of the music 29. Tuning – Adjustment of proper pitch 30. – A slight fluctuation of pitch, produced on sustained notes 31. Voice – Vocal Production 84 MUSIC CURRICULUM Secondary Music Literacy Concepts

32. Warm-Up – Routine to prepare muscles, aural skills and brain for working CULTURAL CONTEXT AND MUSIC THEORY 1. Arrange – Adapt a composition with instruments or other voices for performance 2. Clef – Symbol at the beginning of the staff indicating the pitch of notes: labels lines and spaces 3. Chord - Simultaneous sounding of three or more notes 4. Compose – Construct or create a musical piece 5. Conduct – To direct and coordinate a through the use of motions of the hands and body. 6. Cultural Context – The circumstances in which artistic activities are produced. 7. Elements of Music: • Tempo – Speed of the piece; • Rhythm – Time value of notes; feeling of movement; • Harmony – Chordal structure of a musical composition; • Dynamics – Louds and softs of music; • Timbre – Tone color of instruments; • Form – Certain scheme, structure of a composition; and • Melody – A succession of musical tones, thematic pattern of fixed units. 8. Emotion – A strong feeling, as of sorrow or joy 9. Ensemble - Group of musicians performing/playing together 10. Expression - Emotional effect of music – involves tempo, rhythm, dynamics, phrasing, articulations. 11. – Imitative counterpoint developed during the 17th century, having 5 main structural characteristics. 12. Genre - Style 13. Historical Period – That which has occurred in the past within a specific time frame 14. Improvise - Perform spontaneously 15. Instrument – A device for producing a musical sound 16. Instrumentation – of music for a particular group of voices and/or instruments 17. Key Signature – The sharps or flats appearing at the beginning of each staff, indicating the scale and the key of the composition. 18. Meter - The basic grouping of beats and as found in each measure and indicated by the Time Signature 19. Modulation – Change of key within a composition 20. Movement – Various complete and comparatively independent divisions of a musical composition. 21. - A chronological record of events in the development of music 22. Notation – Representation of music with symbols 23. Pattern – A repeated melodic and or rhythmic set of notes, chords or harmonies 24. Scale - Tonal pattern of music 25. Sequence – Repetition of a melody or phrase at a higher or lower pitch 26. Style - Mode of expression of performance 27. Tempo - Speed of the music 28. Theory – Fundamentals of music 29. – Key of the music 30. Voicing - Timbre and pitch 31. Word Painting – The expression, through music, of the ideas presented or suggested by the words of a or other vocal parts.

85 MUSIC CURRICULUM Secondary Music Literacy Concepts

JUDGEMENT AND CRITICISM 1. Analyze - Identifying and examining separate parts as they function independently and together in creative works. Identifying how the elements of music are used in a work of music. 2. Concert Etiquette – The practices of social convention prescribed for both performers and audience members 3. Elements of Music: • Tempo – Speed of the piece; • Rhythm – Time value of notes; feeling of movement; • Harmony – Chordal structure of a musical composition; • Dynamics – Louds and softs of music; • Timbre – Tone color of instruments; • Form – Certain scheme, structure of a composition; and • Melody – A succession of musical tones, thematic pattern of fixed units. 4. Embellishments – Ornamentation 5. Ensemble – Group of musicians performing/playing together 6. Expression – emotional effect of music – involves tempo, rhythm, dynamics, phrasing, and articulations. 7. Improvise – Performing spontaneously 8. Instruments – the generic name for all contrivances producing musical sounds, with the exception of the voice. They are usually classified into four categories: strings, woodwind, brass, percussion. 9. Intonation – singing or playing in tune 10. Meter – Pattern of fixed units indicated by a time signature 11. Pattern – a repeated melodic and or rhythmic set of notes, chords or harmony 12. Performance – a presentation before an audience 13. Practice – To perform repeatedly in order to acquire or polish a skill 14. Range – The maximum extent 15. Rehearsal – A session of practice for a performance 16. Repertoire – The stock of songs, music, that a player, company, ensemble is prepared to perform. 17. Rudiment – A fundamental element or skill 18. Scale – Tonal pattern of music 19. Sight Read – To read, conduct, or perform without prior preparation. 20. Style – Mode of expression of performance 21. Technique – The degree of skill shown in any performance 22. Tempo – Speed of the music 23. Tuning – Adjustment of proper pitch 24. Vibrato – A slight fluctuation of pitch, produced on sustained notes 25. Voice – Vocal Production 26. Warm-Up – Routine to prepare muscles, aural skills and brain for working

86 MUSIC CURRICULUM Secondary Music Literacy Concepts

AESTHETICS 1. Aesthetics – Having a sense of beauty in nature and the arts 2. Audience – Gathering of spectators or listeners 3. Elements of Music: • Tempo – Speed of the piece; • Rhythm – Time value of notes; feeling of movement; • Harmony – Chordal structure of a musical composition; • Dynamics – Louds and softs of music; • Timbre – Tone color of instruments; • Form – Certain scheme, structure of a composition; and • Melody – a succession of musical tones, thematic pattern of fixed units. 4. Emotion – A strong feeling, as of sorrow or joy: affective nature of music 5. Expression – emotional effect of music – the elements of music, as well as phrasing and articulations 6. Performance – A presentation before an audience

87 MUSIC CURRICULUM Secondary Music Technology Literacy Concepts

PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTION 1. Arrange – Adapt a composition with instruments or other voices for performance 2. – Placement of chords, their relationships and functions 3. Compose – Construct or create a musical piece 4. Composition techniques: • Augmentation – Make each note twice as long; • Diminution – Make each note half as long; • Inversion – Flip the notes vertically from a certain reference tone; • Retrograde – Flip the notes horizontally so the last note becomes the first and the first note becomes last; and • Round – Repeat a theme throughout multiple instruments starting at different times 5. Dynamics – Louds and softs of music 6. Explode – To take a condensed score and delegate each note vertically to different instruments 7. Form – The structure or architecture of a piece of music 8. Harmony – Chordal structure of a musical composition 9. Melody – A succession of musical tones or tune of the song 10. Orchestrate – To arrange for 11. Parts of a Song: • Bridge – A transition • Chorus – Repetitive and often contains the hook or title, usually the most memorable part of the song • Hook – Catchy phrase most often found in the chorus and contained in the title • Instrumental Interlude – Instrumental break • Introduction – Beginning of a song • Motive – A short musical idea that is repeated throughout the piece • Outro - Conclusion • Pre-Chorus – A section often found between the verse and chorus that leads into the chorus • Riff – A small melodic phrase or chord pattern that is repeated • Vamp – Repetitive section • Verse – Part of a song that tells the story • Rhythm – Time value of notes; feeling of movement • Transcribe – To make a written copy of a piece of music using notation or tablature • Voicing – The vertical spacing of pitches in a chord and the instrumentation thereof

88 MUSIC CURRICULUM Secondary Music Technology Literacy Concepts

CULTURAL CONTEXT AND MUSIC THEORY; JUDGMENT AND CRITICISM; AND AESTHETICS Theory Terms: 1. Accidentals – symbols that alter the pitch of a written note 2. Chords – a combination of three or more notes 3. Chromatic – utilizing all twelve tones of an octave 4. Clef – A symbol found on a musical staff that indicates the pitches on such staff (treble clef, bass clef) 5. Diatonic – Tones that are within the key signature or tonality 6. Dominant – The fifth note of a diatonic scale 7. Enharmonic Tones – Two notes that sound the same but are spelled differently on the staff 8. Half step – Distance between two notes that are next to each other chromatically 9. Intervals – Distance between two notes 10. Inversion – Description of a chord that is not in root position 11. Key Signature – Sharps or flats at the beginning of a piece that indicate the tonality of such piece 12. Leger line – A small horizontal line that extends the staff 13. Measure – Distance between two bar lines 14. Meter – Metrical measure of pulse 15. Pulse – The beat 16. Scales – A pattern of tones that follow a standard pattern 17. Staff – Five lines and four spaces 18. Time Signature – Two numbers at the beginning of a piece of music that determine the number of beats per measure 19. Tonality – Key center of a piece of music 20. Tonic – The first note of a diatonic scale 21. Triads – Three note chord 22. Whole Step – Two half steps Instruments: 1. Brass – Trumpet, french horn, trombone, tuba, baritone, euphonium 2. Woodwind – Flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, saxophones 3. Strings – , viola, cello, bass, harp, 4. Pitched Percussion – Timpani, glockenspiel, orchestral bells, xylophone, vibraphone, marimba 5. Unpitched Percussion – All percussion toys including (but not limited to) triangle, crash cymbals, tam tam, woodblock, cabasa, and more 6. Drums – All concert drums including but not limited to tom toms, bass drum, snare, bongos, cangas, timbales, roto-toms, and more 7. Software – Software that converts MIDI messages to audio Music Industry: 1. ASCAP – American Society of , Authors, and Publishers; a performing rights organization 2. BMI – Broadcast Music, Incorporated; a performing rights organization 3. Copyright – Legal right to copy intellectual property 4. Harry Fox Agency – The company that manages mechanical licenses for most publishers 5. Intellectual Property – Intangible property that is the result of

89 MUSIC CURRICULUM Secondary Music Technology Literacy Concepts

6. Mechanical License – Authorization from a publisher or song writer to record and distribute a song 7. Performing Rights Organization – The associations or companies that issue performing rights licenses, track public performances, collect performing license revenues and distribute those revenues to song writers and music publishers. 8. Royalties – Payments due to artists for creative works 9. SESAC - Society of European Stage Authors & Composers; a performing rights organization 10. Statutory Mechanical License Rate – 9.1 cents per song MIDI/Synthesizers: 1. ADSR – Attack, decay, sustain, release; used to describe the change of amplitude over time 2. Amplitude - Loudness 3. Channel – One of the sixteen different data paths that are available to carry MIDI messages 4. Cutoff – Term describing the cutoff point for a filter 5. Electronic File Types: • .mid – General MIDI file; • .wav – uncompressed audio file; • .mp3 – compressed audio file; and • .m4a – encrypted audio file usually associated with iTunes 6. Filter – The control of deleting or adding certain frequencies from a cutoff point 7. Frequency – Pitch, or the number of times a sound vibrates per unit of time 8. General MIDI – A standardized code for performance playback between instrument and computer manufacturers 9. – See overtones 10. MIDI – digital interface: a standard protocol for communication between electronic musical instruments and computer software 11. MIDI Format – The numbering system for General MIDI patches that ranges from 0 – 127 (MIDI format 0) or 1 – 128 (MIDI format 1) 12. MIDI message – The different packets of data that form a MIDI transmission 13. Mod Wheel – A wheel on a software synthesizer or hardware controller that adds a “wah wah” effect 14. Oscillator – Generates sound wave 15. Overtones – The almost inaudible frequencies that are higher tones within the fundamental 16. Patch – The name used for the sounds that can be generated by a software synthesizer; also known as program, timbre, or voice. 17. Pitch – The property of sound that varies with frequency; high and low sound 18. Pitch Bend Wheel – A wheel on a software synthesizer or hardware controller that raises or lowers pitch 19. Program - The name used for the sounds that can be generated by a software synthesizer; also known as program, timbre, or voice 20. Resonance – An active filter that can boost frequencies of another filter, making those harmonics louder than the original input signal 21. Software Synthesizer – Software that converts MIDI data to audio 22. Virtual Instrument – Software that converts MIDI data to audio Audio Production: 1. Audio Effects – Processed sound 2. Autotune – An audio processor that corrects pitch often used on vocals 3. Beat Match – To take the tempo of one sound clip and match it to another 4. Bit – A binary digit 5. Bit Rate – The number of bits transferred per second

90 MUSIC CURRICULUM Secondary Music Technology Literacy Concepts

6. BPS – Bits per second 7. Buffer Size – The size of a region of memory which is used to temporarily hold data 8. Chorus – A doubling effect that makes the original sound like an entire ensemble 9. Compressor – An audio effect that reduces the level of any signal exceeding a specified threshold volume 10. Condenser Microphone – A microphone consisting of a capacitor with one plate fixed and the other forming the diaphragm moved by sound waves 11. Delay – Rhythmic echoes of a sound 12. Distortion – A process, often found desirable by players, that alters a sound's waveform 13. Dynamic Microphone – A microphone whose sound pickup device consists of a diaphragm that is attached to a movable coil 14. Echo – Distinct repetitions of a sound 15. EQ - A device used to cut and boost individual sound frequencies of an audio signal 16. Fanger – An audio effect that simulates a sound moving closer and farther from the listening position 17. Gated Reverb – An audio effect used on snare drums in the 1980s to create a powerful sound without affecting the overall mix 18. Input – Audio source 19. Limiter – An audio effect that reduces volume peaks without changing the overall dynamic range 20. Loops – Small parts of a song that repeat 21. Mastering – The process of preparing and transferring audio from the final mix to the data storage device from which all other copies will be made 22. Mixdown – The process of mixing multiple pre-recorded tracks into a combined output master 23. Mono – Single signal 24. Output – Signal that comes out of the audio application 25. Pan – Adjusting audio to the left and right speakers 26. Reverb – Blended repetitions of a sound based on acoustical space 27. Sample Rate – The frequency at which an analog audio stream is "sampled" or converted into digital audio 28. Signal flow – The pathway for electrical signal 29. Stereo – Left and right signal 30. Time/Pitch stretch – Changing the tempo or frequency of music independently 31. Vox – Vocals

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