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Data and Summary Report on the Fraser River Board

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Data and Summary Report on the Fraser River Board DATA AND SUMMARY REPORT ON THE FRASER RIVER BOARD FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS • 1962 By FRASER RIVER BOARD BIOLOGICAL STAFF B. M. CHATWIN, P. COWIE and A. F. GILL -·:::. FINAL REPORT DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES, CANADA VANCOUVER, B.C. January, 1963 · SH 224 B7 F7 1962 c.2 C 0 N T E N T S PAGE NO. IlJTRODUCTIOlT 1 JUV];IJILE SALMON 3 Surveys 3 Fish Sampling, Fraser River 3 ADULT SALNON .5 Sampling by Fishwheel .5 Spawning Ground Surveys 6 POPULATION ESTU'.18.TES FOR CHINOOK SALHON, 1962 6 Upper Fraser River System 6 Quesnel River System / 8 Clearwater and North Thompson Rivers 8 CARIBOO RIVER, SALHON SURVEYS 9 SAIJ,10:H LENG'I'I:I DATA COLLJ!:CTIOlTS 20 SALMON SCALE DATA COLLECTIONS 20 WATER Till-!PEBii.TUIIB DATA COLLECTIOUS 21 Sffi.J1v1ARY 22 TABLES 23 ••••• 1 INTRODUCTION This report is the third and final in a series of Fraser River Board Progress Summary and Data Reports, completed in connection with the fisheries investigations performed by the Board's biological staff under the direction of the Department of Fisheries. The Progress Summaries for the work in 1960 and 1961 were published by the Department of Fisheries, Canada, Vancouver, B.C., in April 1961 and February 1962. The revised system of proposed and existing dams now being studied by the Fraser River Board, primarily as a flood control measure, comprises the following and is known as System E. Site No. Pro.iect Name River 58 Bridge River Bridge Existing 141 Clearwater Clearwater Head Only 194 Granite Canyon Clearwater Head Only 89 I Cariboo Falls Cariboo Head and Storage lll .Grand Canyon Fraser Head and Storage 142 Hemp Creek Clearwater Head and Storage l42A Clearwater-Azure Clearwater Head and Storage 153 Hobson Lake Clearwater Head and Storage 104 ·_\,_ Lower McGregor McGregor Storage Only The bio-engineering fisheries investigations performed in 1962 were commenced in late-April and terminated in early-October. The biological program began with a qualitative sampling for young salmon in many widespread rivers and streams within the System's Study Area, to add to our biological knowledge on distribution and rearing. From late- April until mid-June a 4 1x 4' inclined plane was operated in the Fraser River ••••• 2 :near Sfiefley B.C., to augment the information gained in 1960 on the temporal diistribution of juvenile chinook salmon. Sampling for young salmon in the Cariboo River System was carried out for short periods in each month from April through October, and further effort was made to determine the extent and possible destination of adult chinook salmon which might migrate upstream from Cariboo Falls. One fishwheel was operated in the Fraser River (at the site No .. 2 used in 1961) about one mile upstream from the mouth of the Salmon River. The fishwheel was operated from July 11 through August 29 to provide further information on the timing of the adul.t migration of chinook and sockeye salmon, and also to obtain data which could permit the computation of the chinook salmon escapement to the upper Fraser System above Prince George. A temporary fish weir was placed in Seebach Creek, a lower McGregor River tributary, to count the spalrming run to the tributary. It was intended. to obtain a total fish count in order to compare it with the result of estimating escapement by means of aircraft, but the weir was irreparably, washed out early in August. Spawning ground surveys were carried out in helicopters and some 50 hours were flown. Fisheries engineering surveys were conducted; under the direction of a Department engineer, downstream from Clearwater project site No. 141 between the dates of May 15 and June 9, July 15 and August 9, and a.t the Grand Canyon site 111 during June 9 to July 13, and October 26 to 29. These surveys were performed to gather data in connection with proposed fishery requirements. To complete the 1962 field program, the Board's biological start were assisted by three casual employees; the Department engineer was assisted by one student and two casual employees. Competant riverm.en were engaged during the Grand Canyon Surveys .. "530 30 0 -(J ADULT SOCKEYE MIGRANiS ,,....\ 0 I \ /•\ o 1961 · N = 91 I \ / \ -0 I •-" I - • 1962 N = 227 1520 I I 20 I I c I I -Q) (J I I .... I \ Q) 0.. I \ 10 • 0 ' 10 I II I \ I \ o/ \ 20 10 20 10 20 10 ,,,... ./ 10 20 0 --'--~-t-~--'-~~-i-~--1~~-'-~-..J..~~+-~~-=;.---=1~---+-~~.1...-~-l-~~~--iO April May June July August CHINOOK FRY 1960 N = 74 2.7 1.3 1.3 1.3 16.1 17.5 17.5 419 r I I 1 1962 0 I 11.1 jssaj . N = 9 {Percent of total catch) CHINOOK SMOLT 1960 N = 146 69.1 25.3 1.4 0 4.0 0 19621 47.91 15.1 30.1 6.7 N = 119 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 I April May June July August Figure I ••••• 3 JUVENILE S.AL.\fON Surveys The dates, locations and general results of the samplings surveys conducted during 1962 are arranged in chronological order and are given in Table 1. New inform.ation on the distribution of chinook salmon was obtained only from our surveys in the Cariboo River System, and this is considered in a later section of this report. Excepting this result, the general distribution of chinook salmon is that as given in the 1962 summary report. By the capture of chinook juveniles at various times of the year, conclusive data was obtained which indicated that the young sfl.m.on may rear in some of the major upper Fraser River tributaries. The capture of smelts migrating from Seebach Creek, and Slim Creek was made during May, and later in the season young-of-the-year were caught from the Torpy and Slim Creek systems. The rearing of juvenile chinook salmon was found to occur in Cariboo ( I Lake and in Slim and Tumuch Lakes. I Fish Sampling, Fraser River A 4 'x 4 • inclined plane was operated in the Fraser River about one mile upstream from the mouth of the Salmon River from April 25 to· June 16. As a result of this sampling, and that done in 1960, a summary is given of the probable nature of the migration and rearing of juvenile chinook salmon within the upper Fraser River system. The re~ults of the sampling by inclined plane are given in Table 2 and are reproduced as in the bottom panel of Figure 1. In Figure l the numbers enclosed 'Within segments of e~ch bar diagram. are the per cent of the total season's catch. It is indicated that in the late-April to early-June period, smolts predominate in the catch and are taken more frequently than during July or August. The fry, or young-of-the-year, are almost absent from •..•. 4 the early season catches but appear more frequently as the swmner progresses. The inclined plane located in a fixed position off one bank of the river fishes a very limited cross-sectional area of the total flow. However, from the results of this operation and our sampling in the tributaries it is suggested that rearing of upper Fraser chinook salmon plays a major role in the early life history of this species. The time from hatching to migration seaward, as smolt yearlings, is approximately one year. It is considered that the bulk of young fish would migrate seaward as yearlings, and they would normally be present at the proposed Grand Canyon dam site in greatest numbers from late-April until early-June. It is inferred from the ab.sence of fry in early-spring catches in the Fraser, that no definite downstream movement of fry occurs.\ It is also assumed that, with the passage of summer and increasing young-of-the-year catches, no clearly defined or large-scale seaward migration of fry occurs later in the season. But rather it is the opinion that the late-summer increase in fry catch by the inclined. plane traps reflects the non-volitional or passive movement of the young downstream duri.."lg their rearing period. It is concluded that the upper Fraser stocks of chinook salmon may be i comprised largely· of stream type fish as categorized by scale growth patterns \ and which are those that spend their entire first year of life rearing in fresh I . water. It is anticipated that our salmon scale collection, which have been ./l made available to the Fisheries Research Board and will also be interpreted by them will confirm this opinion. FRASER RIV ER DISCHARGE AT SHELLEY 120 120 .. .. ~ . ... ~- (/) ..1961 ... i+-: ..:• . 1962 :\ . 0 .. :. 100 . .. 100 .._ : ~: : : . 0 . Ul . "'O . c 0 80 80 (/) :J . 0 .. ... .c .. ... ·... I- . .. 60 . .: 60 c . .. : ·. .. (l) . .... .: . :::: Cl " : . : l.... ... 0 . ":!\ :\ : : II : .c .e 0.. e 0 .. 40 : ;..... 0 ·..·: · ·. :··.. ... .. ... ~.; (/) ··.. ·· ... ·. .... j . /~·.. .···· .: . 0 . .. ·. ··.. ... ~ . 0. ..'· : rll.... ·..666 ·······.. .··· : •e" 0 •aeo : ! ~. : 00 e O' I\ e : •.'!, ,,, ..... 20 i1 '°,c t1I N 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 o.__~_._'--~'--~-'-~~--~_._~~-'-~--"~~-'-~--"~~_,_~__.~~_;.,,,~...-.i......~-i-~~..1-~----l'~~....1.-~......J'--~-'----1 0 April May June Ju I y August September October ••••• 5 ADULT SAL..~ON Sampling by Fishwheel A major part of the biological work in 1961 was the operation of two fishwheel traps designed to capture adult salmon. These were operated in the Fraser River near Shelley and the results obtained were given in the Report for 1961. Between July 11 and August 29, 1962, one fishwheel was operated and located at the same site No.
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