Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(1), January - February 2017; Article No. 46, Pages: 274-299 ISSN 0976 – 044X

Research Article

A Study on Medicinal in Kozhenchery Taluk, Pathanamthitta District,

Antony Nitheesh, Asha Paul, Fathima K.M, Aravind.R, Sreeja C Nair* Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, Kochi-682041, . *Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected]

Received: 28-07-2016; Revised: 23-11-2016; Accepted: 15-01-2017. ABSTRACT The paper is based on the medicinal plants used by the natives in Kozhenchery Taluk, Pathanamthitta District, Kerala. The people have good knowledge of medicinal plants in surroundings. A total of 190 plants were documented during the survey. This helps the newer generation to know about the traditional treatment and medicinal plants used by the primitives. Keywords: Medicinal plants, kozhenchery taluk, pathanamthitta, kerala

INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY he primitive generation in Pathanamthitta district The work also included field study; conducted for two has knowledge of medicinal properties of plants months in the year 2014-2015. that are commonly available. T The initial phase of the study was done in the This knowledge was passed from one generation to kozhenchery taluk where locals with knowledge in the another by orally. field were contacted. Now this knowledge about plants does not transfer The identification of local vernacular names of many properly due to developmental activities. species were done. In this back ground the study of medicinal plants used The usage of the indigenous flora were recorded. commonly in this district was undertaken and Further study was the collection of chemical and documented. taxonomical data’s of plants from Internet, Journals, The common plants have a key role in the local Ayurvedic books and specialist in botany. communities in this district. It is observed that the common plants have high nutritional value and medicinal properties. The local communities rarely use the synthetic medication because of the availability of medicinal plants from the surroundings. They prefer traditional treatment for the common diseases and cold that provided by vaidyans.1 Study Area The Pathanamthitta district occupying an area of 2697.15 sq km lies between 9’5”N latitude and 76’38’ and 77’ 16” E longitude. This district is divided into five taluks; Thiruvalla, Mallapally, Ranni, Kozhenchery, Adoor. The topography is with hills and valleys. Altitude ranges from 5-1200m and temperature varies from 26-36’C. Forests occupy 645 of the total area of the district. This district is also home to 6 native tribal communities 1 who are well versed in the usage of medicinal plants. Figure 1: Study Location Map

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Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(1), January - February 2017; Article No. 46, Pages: 274-299 ISSN 0976 – 044X Enumeration Table 1 gives a detailed description about medicinal plants in study area.2-32 Table 1: Enumeration of Medicinal Plants in Study Area

Medicinal Uses or S. No. Vernacular Name Botanical Name Family Chemical Constituents treatment of Anti asthmatic Anti diabetic Phenols, Tannins, Steroids, Alkaloids, Flavanoids, Vit K, Aminoacids, Beta Setosterol, D- Anti diarrhea 1. Aalmaram Ficus religiosa Moraceae Glucoside. Anti epileptic Gastric problems Anti inflammatory Anti diabetic Anti aging 2. Aambal Nymphaea nouchali Nymphaeaceae Alkaloids, , Tannis, Flavanoids. Rejuvenation Menstrual irregularities Anti cancer Dermatitis 3. Aathapazham Annona squamosa Annonaceae Vit C, Diterpenoids, Alkaloid(Astisine), Oxophoebine, Reticuline, Atidine, Hetrophylline. Astringent Drastic purgative Cough & cold Anti asthmatic 4. Adalodakam Adhatoda beddomei Clarke Acanthaceae Alkaloids, Tannins, Phenolics, Flavanoids, Vasicine, Quinazoline, Alkaloids, Trypsine. Anti spasmodic Anti diabetic Sedative Purgative 5. Alasaipomaram Delonix regia Leguminoseae Flavanoids, Tannins, Cardiac Glycoside, Amino Acids, Alkaloids. Anti inflammatory Arthritis Tonify the spleen Reduce internal fever 6. Amara Lablab purpureus Leguminoseae Protein, Carbohydrates, Vit B1, Minerals (Iron, Magnesium, Calcium). Anti diarrhea Anti cancer Anti inflammatory Fever Betasitosterol, Stigmasterol, Squalene, Lutenin, Aminoacids, Saponins, Tannins, 7. Amarchakoti Cayratia carnosa Neuralglia Glycosides. Spleenopathy Cardiac disorder 8. Ambazham Spondias mombin Anarcardiaceae Tannins, Essential Oils, Beta Caryophyllene, Humelene, Cardinene. Anti inflammatory

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Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(1), January - February 2017; Article No. 46, Pages: 274-299 ISSN 0976 – 044X

Diuretic Purgative Leprosy Immuno stimulant Tonsillitis 9. Amrytu Tinospora cordifolia Menispermaceae Dierpenes, , Polysacchrides (Arabinogalactin). Anti cancer Pharangitis Ulcers Anti inflammatory 10. Anamrytu Anamirta cocculus Menispermaceae Quarternary Alkaloids (Berberine), Palmitine, Magnoflorine, Picrotoxin (Toxic). Chronic skin disease Bronchitis Anti epileptic Anti asthmatic 11. Anapparuva Pothos scandens Araceae Fixed Oil, Proteins, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Phenolics. Snake bite Malarial fever Smallpox Anti microbial Laxative 12. Anjilichakka Artocarpus hirsutus Moraceae Flavanoids, Alkaoids, Terpenoids, Saponins. Snake bite Skin disease Anti inflammatory Fever 13. Aranamaram Polyalthia longifolia Annonaceae Clerodane Diterpenes, Protoberberinalkaloids, Steroids, Phenols. Skin disease Anti diabetic Skin disease Anti diabetic 14. Asoka Saraca asoca Caesalpiniaceae Tannins, Glycosides, Lyoniside, , Fatty Acids, Flavanoids. Scabesian Anti inflammatory Astringent Carminative 15. Athi Ficus racemosa Linn Moraceae Sterols, Triterpenoids (Lanosterol), Alkaoids, Tannins, Flavanoids, Beta Sitosterol, Lupeol. Vermifuge Anti dysentery Anti tumor Flavanoids, Gallic Acid, , , Triglycerides, Ricinolien, Ricin (Toxic), Anti oxidant 16. Avanaku Ricinus communis Linn. Euphorbiaceae Ricinine. Anti diabetic Purgative Trachispermum Anti septic 17. Ayamothakom Apiaceae Essential Oils, Sabinene, Terpinen-4-Ol, Ligustilide, Terpinene. roxburghianum Anti spasmodic

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Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(1), January - February 2017; Article No. 46, Pages: 274-299 ISSN 0976 – 044X

Stimulant Stomach ache Anti asthmatic Stomatitis Skin diseases Oils, Proteins, Micro & Macro Nutrients, Fatty Acids, Tannins, Flavanoids, Kaempferol, Anti diarrhea 18. Badam Terminalia catappa Linn Combretaceae Quercetin, Saponins, . Rheumatism Dysentery Headache Burning sensation Anti diarrhea 19. Chama Panicum sumatrense Poaceae Protein, Fat, Crude Fibre, Carbohydrate, Lipids. Dysentry Dyspepsia Wounds & ulcers Nervine tonic Saponins, Asiaticoside, Madecassoside, Asiatic Acid, Madecassic Acid, Bhamoside, Glucose, Sedative 20. Brahmi Centella asiatica Umbelliferae Arabinose. Anti Spasmodic Anti stress Leucoderma Anti emetic Essential Amino Acids, Crude Carbohydrates, Fat, Fibre, Phenols, Tannins, Phytic Acid, Anti diabetic 21. Irul Xylia xylocarpa Mimosaceae Hydrogen Cyanide, Trypsin Inhibitor. Fever Obesity Pruritus Eye disease Chronic fever Leucorrhoea Glucoside, Oleic Acid, Linoleic Acid, Palmitic, Stigma Sterol, Steroids, Triterpene, 22. Chamatha Butea monosperma Fabaceae Anti epileptic Flavanoids. Leprosy Anti fungal Expectorant Sesquiterpenes, Lactone, Parthenolide, Costunolide, Magnograndiolide, Quercetin, Astringent 23. Champakam Michelia champaca Magnoliaceae Flavanoid Glycoside. Stimulant Rheumatisim Snake bite Volatile Compounds, Alpha and Beta Santalol, Cedrol, Esters, Aldehydes, Phytosterols, Inflamed skin 24. Chandanam Santalum album Lin Santalaceae Squalene, Vicenin, Vitexin, Isovitexin, Orientin, Isoorientin. Dysentery Removal of pimples Carotenoids, Triterpenoids, Ascorbic Acid, Resveratrol, Piceatannol, Pallidol, Taraxeryl 25. Changalaparenda Quadrangularis Linn Vitaceae Anti bacterial Acetate, Taraxerol, Phenol, Tannin, Carotene, Vitamins.

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Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(1), January - February 2017; Article No. 46, Pages: 274-299 ISSN 0976 – 044X

Anti fungal Anti oxidant Anthelmintic Anti hemorrhoidal Analgesic Anti hypertensive 26. Cheera Amaranthus dubis Amaranthaceae Steroidal Saponins, Aspargine, Arginine, Flavanoids. Improving bone health Skin problems Anti fungal Beta Sitosterol, Starch, Vit A, B, C, Flavanoes, , Luteolin, Anthocyanins, Stigma 27. Chembu Colocasia esculenta Araceae Hypolipidemic Sterol. Anti cancer Anti hypertensive Anti diabetic Beta Sitosterol, Stigma Sterol, Cyaniding,Flavanoids, Niacin, Riboflavin, Vitamins, Thymine, 28. Chemparathi Hibiscus rosa sinensis Malvaceae Burning sensation Essential Oils. Burning urination Hairfall Amorphophullus Rheumatism 29. Chena Araceae Starch, Protein, Fat, Diosgenin, Sapogenins. paeoniifolis Releif from cramping Anti diarrhea Bleeding piles 30. Cherula Aera lanata juss Amaranthaceae Canthin Alkaoids, Beta Carboline, Propionic Acid, Flavanoids, Lupeol. Haemorrhages Anti asthmatic Vit C deficiency 31. Cherunaranga Citrus limon Rutaceae Alpha Pinene, Beta Pinene, Limonene, Carenol, Myrtenal, Neral, Citral, Geranial. Kidney stones Treatment of scurvy Anti bacterial Anodyne Flavanol Glycoside, Oleanic Acid, Essential Oils, Tannic Acid, Carotene, Friedeline, Lupeol, Anti inflammatory 32. Pavizhamalli Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Oleaceae Glucose, Benzoic Acid, Kaempferol, Carotene, Friedeline, Lupeol, Mannitol. Digestive Anthelmintic Expectorant

Stomach problem Anti diabetic 33. Chooral Calamus rotang Linn Arecaceae Flavanoids, Phenols, , Beta Sitosterol. Bleeding Anti inflammatory

34. Chunda Solanum surattense Burm.F Solanaceae Alkaoids, Phenolics, Flavanoids, Sterol Saponins, Glycosides, Resins, Fatty Acids. Fever

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Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(1), January - February 2017; Article No. 46, Pages: 274-299 ISSN 0976 – 044X

Cough Anti asthmatic Anti inflammatory Diuretic Anti emetic Cold & Fever Alcohols, Methyl Ricinolate, Beta Sitosterol, Lanosterol, Caffenic Acid, Bergirin, Diuretic 35. Chuvannarali Ficus lacor Moraceae Triterpenoids, Lupol. Rheumatism Bronchitis Stimulant Astringent 36. Coca Erythroxylum coca Lam Erythroxylaceae Alkaoids (Cocaine, Cinnamylcocaine, Truxllline), Glycosides, Cocatannic Acid, Essential Oil. Anesthetic Hunger sensation Fatigue CNS stimulant Alkaloids, Caffeine, Trigonellene, Amino Acids, Proteins, Lipids, Poly Sacchrides, Anti hypertensive 37. Coffee Coffea canephora Rubiaceae Theobromine. Anti oxidant Anti diabetic Skin wounds 38. Communist pacha Chromolaena odoratum Asteraceae Flavanoid, Kaemferol, Quercitin, Rhamnetin, Luteolin, Aprgenin. Burns Hepatic amoebiasis Sesqueterpenes, Caffeic Acid, Vanillic Acid, Anisic Acid, Chlorogenic Acid, Parahydroxy Anti tumor 39. Congresspullu Parthenium hysterophorus Asteraceae Benzoic Acid, P-Anisic Acid, Pathenin. Neuralglia Rheumatism Leprosy Anti asthmatic Triterpenoid, , Flavanoid Glycoside, Beta Carotene, Aminoacids, Taraxerol, Beta 40. Cucumber Coccinia grandis Cucurbitaceae Bronchitis Amyrin, Lupeol. Jaundice Anti histaminic Dysentery , Flavanoids, Alkaloids, Saponins, Camphene, Isobornyl Acetate, Caryophyllene, Menorrhagia 41. Dharbapullu Desmostachya bipinnata Poaceae Βeudesmol, Eseroline, Calarene. Diuretic Anti bacterial Fever Rheumatism 42. Edana Olea malabarica roxb Oleaceae Flavanoids, Carotinoids, Phenolic Compounds, Vit C & E. Spiderbite Skin disease 43. Eeti Dalberigia latifolica roxb Fabaceae Tannins, Sucrose, Triacontane, Dalbergic Chromene, Hentriacontane, Beta Sitosterols, Stimulant

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Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(1), January - February 2017; Article No. 46, Pages: 274-299 ISSN 0976 – 044X

Lantifolin. Anti diarrhea Leprosy Obesity Bodyache Pimples Bronchitis Cardiac disorders 44. Elam Elettaria cardamomum Zingiberaceae Volatile Oil, Protocatechu Aldehyde, Para Benzoquinoline, Phenolics, Flavanoids. Dyspepsia Burning sensation Rheumatisim 45. Elamulachi Kalanchoe pinnata Crassulaceae Para Caumaric Acid, Caffeic Acid, Para Hydoxy Benzoic Acid, Kaemferol, Fatty Acids, Lipids. Haemmorhoids Wounds & cuts Cardiac disorders Tannins, Ash, Colouring Matters, Starch, Saponins, Beta Carotene, Beta Sitosterol, Fatty 46. Elanji Mimusops elengi Sapotaceae Anti diuretic Oils. Dental caries Anti oxidant Demulsent Essential Oils, Amino Acids, Lignans, Sesamolin, Sesamin, Pinoresinol, Lariciresinol, Anti bacterial 47. Ellu Sesamum indicum Pedaliaceae Vitamins. Laxative Anti hypertensive

Aromatic Carminative 48. Enji Zingiber officinalis Zingiberaceae Zingiberine, Gingerol, Gingerene, Volatile Oils, Curcumene, Resinis, Shagoals, Gingediols. Motion sickness Flavouring agent 49. Erattimadhuram Glycyrrhiza glabra Fabaceae Glycyrrhicin, Liquirtin, Iso Liquiritgen, Glychrrhizo Flavanol, . Spasmodic cough Anti asthmatic Nerve disorders Esters Of Reinols, Benzoates, Α and Β Calotropeols, Β-Amyrin, Volatile Fatty Acids, 50. Erikku Calotropis gigantean Asclepiadaceae Stomach ulcers Giganteol, Triterpene, Sterols. Fever Snake bite Purgative Saponins, Triterpenoidal Prosapogenols named Concinnosides A, B, C, D, And E, Dandruff 51. Inja Acacia concinna Mimosoideae Glycosides, Acaciaside, Julibroside. Itching Jaundice Earaches Iridoids, Alkaloids, Coumarins,, Leucoanthocyanins, Reducing Sugars, Simple 52. Ezhilampala Alstonia scholaris Apocynaceae Fever Phenolics, Steroids, Saponins, Tannins. Malaria

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Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(1), January - February 2017; Article No. 46, Pages: 274-299 ISSN 0976 – 044X

Liver congestion Toothache Anti epileptic Analgesic Dental analgesic Volatile Oils, Tannins, Resins, Gallotannicacid, Eugenol, Caryophyllenes, Ketones, Esters, Carminative 53. Grampus Eugenia caryophyllus Myrtaceae Alcohols. Stimulant Aromatic Dysentery Ulcers 54. Hamsapadi Adiantum philippense Adiantaceae Triterpenes, Flavanoids, Adiantone, 3-4 –Epoxyfilicares. Erysipelas Burning sensation Anti diarrhea wounds , Phytosterols, Hydroxyl Carboxylic Acid, Saponins, Phlobotannis, Phenolic Flatulence 55. Idampiri valampiri Helicterus isora Linn Sterculiaceae Compounds. Haemorrhoids Anti diabetic Obesity Rheumatisim 56. Illumbanpuli Averrhoa bilimbi Oxalidaceae Aliphatic Acids, Volatile Acids, Hexadeconoic Acids, Flavanoids, Phenols, Hexy Nicotinate. Mumps Skin eruptions Anti septic 57. Inchipullu Cymbopogon flexuosus Poaceae Essential Oils, Citral A & B, Geranyl Acetate, Linalool. Anti depressant Anti bacterial Anti allergic 58. Injimanga Curcuma amanda Phytosterols, Starch, Camphor, Pinene, Phenolic Acids, Fibersantibacterial Antiaalrgic. Anti oxidant Anti inflammatory Bitter astringent Narcotic 59. Ittil Loranthus falcatus Loranthaceae Tannins, Flavanoids, Methyl Ester Acetate, Stigma Sterol, Beta Sterol, Neritaloside. Diuretic Anti asthmatic Anti hypertensive Aromatic Volatile Oils, Fats, Myristicin, Elimicin, Saffroleuiiu, Myristic Acid, Palmitic Acid, Protein, Stimulant 60. Jathika Myristica fragrans Myristicaceae Starch. Carminative Flavouring agent Rheumatism Starch, Diosgenin, Steroidal Sapogenin, Smilagenin, Epismilagenin, Yammogenin, Beta 61. Kachil Dioscorea alata Dioscoreaceae Precursor for Isomer Yammogenin. corticosteroids

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Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(1), January - February 2017; Article No. 46, Pages: 274-299 ISSN 0976 – 044X

Sex hormone Anti oxidant Pinene, Camphene, Carvone, Benzeneeucalyptol, Borneol, Methyl Cinnamate, 62. Kacholam Kaempferia galanga Linn Zingiberaceae Anti bacterial Pentadecane. Anti cancer 63. Kadaladi Achyranthus aspera Amaranthaceae Triterpenoids, Saponins, Oleonic Acids, Long Chain Alcohols. Treatment of spider bite Antidote Diterpenoid Lactones, Flavonoids, 7-O-Methylwogonin, Apigenin, Onysilin and 3,4- Immunostimulatory 64. Kirayat Andrographis paniculata Acanthaceae Dicaffeoylquinic Acid, Andrographolide. Anti infective Anti atherosclerotic Chronic fever Cough 65. Kaduka Terminalia chebula Combretaceae Glycosides, Triterpines, Arjunenin, Chebulosides, Chebulin, Tannic Acid, Luteolin. Anti asthmatic Haemmorhages Jaundice C6 Aldehydes, Alcohols, Carbonyl Compounds, Methyl Hexanoate, Methyl & Ethyl Fever 66. Kaithachakka Ananas comosus Bromeliaceae Butanoate. Stomach problems Renal problems Increases the function 67. Kalluruki Scoparia dulcis linn Scrophularaceae Triterpene, Mannital, Dulcitol. of kidney Kidney stones Stomatitis Kalyana 68. Hedychium coronarium Zingiberaceae Diterpenes, Beta Sitosterols, Stigma Sterols. Nasal problems saugandhikam Fever Anti microbial Crossandra Carbohydrates, Alkaloids, Steroids, Tannins, Phenols, Saponins, Fixed Oils, Fats, Gums, 69. Kanakambaram Acanthaceae Anti fungal infundibuliformis Mucilage, Proteins, Flavonoids, Volatile Oils. Anti candidal Purgative Emetic Flavanoids, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Aminoacids, Saponins, 70. Kanikonna Cassia fistula linn Caesalpiniaceae Diuretic Triterpinoids. Cough Astringent

Bitter stomachic Tonic 71. Kanjaram Strychnous nuxvomica Loganinaceae Indole Alkaloids, Strychinine, Brucine, Vomicine, Alpha Colubrine, Pseudo Strychinine. CNS stimulant Anti hypertensive

Minerals, Vit C, Capsaisin, Nitrogenous Compounds, Steroids, Terpenoids, Steroidal Analgesic 72. Kanthari Capsicum frutescens Solanaceae Alkaloids. Anti Spasmodic

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Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(1), January - February 2017; Article No. 46, Pages: 274-299 ISSN 0976 – 044X

Postoperative nausea Skin problems Fever 73. Kappa Manihot esculenta Euphorbiaceae Vitamin B, C, Carotene, Calcium and Iron, Cyanide Glycosides, Linamarin, Starch. Sore muscles Anti cancer Anti tumor Anti diabetic 74. Karimbu Sacharum officinarum Poaceae Alkaloids, Tannins, Flavanoids, Saponins, Reductor Compounds. Anti oxidant Anti diarrhea Gastric cancer 75. Karingali Acacia catechu Fabaceae Catechin, Catecheuic Acid, Pyro Catebin, Phloroglucin, Gum, Minerals. Anti hypertension Mouthwash Analgesic Anti inflammatory Anti microbial Iridoids, Flavonoids, Diterpenoids, Derivatives, , Ketosteroids, Sabinene, A- 76. Karinochila Vitex negundo Lamiaceae Anti oxidant Pinene, A-Terpinyl Acetate. Hepato protective Anti histamine Anti asthmatic Analgesic 77. Kariveppu Murraya koenigii Rutaceae Amino Acids, Glycoside, Flavanoids, Sterols, Vit A, Vit B, Vit C, Nicotinic Acid. Viper bite Headache Skin disease 78. Karukapullu Cynodon dactylon Poaceae Hexadeconic Acid, Ethyl Ester, Linolenic Acid, Ethyl Ester, D Mannose. Haematuria Stomach problems Flavouring agent Cinnamic Aldehyde, Tannins, Ploba Tannis, Mucilage, Eugenol, Caryophyllene, Manitol, 79. Karuvapetta Cinnamonum zeylanicum Lauraceae Carminative stomachic Starch. Astringent

Anti diarrhea 80. Kashumavu Anacardium occidentale Anarcardiaceae Anacardic Acid, Alkaloids, Poly Phenolics, Saponins. Anti venom Anti fungal

Anti inflammatory Starch, Curcuminoids, Curcumin, Volatile Oils, Alpha Beta Pinene, Alpha Phellandrene, 81. Kasthurimanjal Curcuma longa Zingiberaceae Rheumatism Camphene. Cervical cancer Antraquinone Glycoside, Barbaloin, Aloe Emodin, Resins, Aloesone, Saponins, Purgative 82. Kattarvazha Aloe barbadensis Liliaceae Glucosamines, Aloetic Acids. Anti inflammatory

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Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(1), January - February 2017; Article No. 46, Pages: 274-299 ISSN 0976 – 044X

Anti emetic Cough 83. Kattuchena Amorphophallus dubis Araceae Flavanoids, Phenolics, Heterozygosities, Rutin, Starch, Diosgenin. Sexual weakness Dysmenorrhea Dental caries 84. Kavungu Areca catechu linn Arecaceae Alkaloids, Acrecaidine, Arecoline, Arecatannins. Oral cancer Urinary disease Anti toxic Skin problems 85. Kattumallika Jasminum angustifolim Oleaceae Glycosides, Kaemferol, Ligstroside, Secoiridoids, Leuropein. Stomatitis Eye disease Nasal problems 86. Kayyoni Eclipta prostrate Asteraceae Eclipta Saponins, 3-Hydroxybiochanin, 7-O-Methyorobol-4o-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside. Decongestant Stomach pain 87. Keezhaernalli Phyllanthu s niruri Phyllanthaceae Flavanoids, Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Lignans, Polyphenols, Tannis, Caumarins, Saponins. Genitourinary system Liver & kidney disorders Rheumatism, Paralytic affections 88. Koduveli Plumbago rosea Plumbaginaceae Plumbagin, Plamitc Acid, Myricil Palmitate, Azaleatin, Ayanin. Enlarged glands Skin diseases Anti inflammatory Skin problems 89. Koova Maranta arundinaceae Marantaceae Mono and Di Oligosaccharides, Beta-Carotene, Niacin, Riboflavin, Thiamin. Anti diarrheal Immunomodulatory Anti diabetic 90. Koovalakom Aegle marmelos Rutaceae Tannins, Mucilages, Umbelliferone, Isopimpinellin, Marmesin, Fattyacids. Anti viral Reduce oxidative stress Increase digestion Tartaric Acid, Citric Acid, Phosphoric Acid, Poly Isoprenylated Derivatives, Camboginol, 91. Kudampuli Garcina gummi-gutta Clusiaceae Rheumatisim Camdogin. Uterine diseases Anxiety Wound & burns 92. Kudangal Centella asiatica Apiaceae Centellin, Asiaticin, Centellicin, Triterpinoids, Glycosides, Centic Acid, Centelloside. Ulcerous skin Diuretic Haemmorhage 93. Kudapana Corypha umbraculifera linn Arecaceae Proteins, Amino Acids, Fats, Oils, Starch. Ulcers Skin disease 94. Kumuzhu Gmelina arborea Verbenaceae Heptacosane, Pentacosane, 1-Pentacosene, Lignans, Arboreol, Paulownin, Gmelinol, Stomachic

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Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(1), January - February 2017; Article No. 46, Pages: 274-299 ISSN 0976 – 044X

Epieudesmin(−)-Β-Sitosterol. Anthelmintic Appetite stimulant Abdominal pain Skin and blood diseases Cardiovascular diseases Monoterpenes, Diterpenes, Triterpenes, Tetracyclic Triterpenic Acids, Pentacyclic 95. Kundhirikom Boswellia se rrata ROXB Burseraceae Mouth sores Bronchitis Triterpenic Acids, Β-Boswellic Acid, Acetyl-Β-Boswellic Acid. Anti asthmatic Vaginal discharges Abdominal pain Cough Alkaloids, Steroids, Triterpenoids, Isoflavanoquinones, Anthocyanins, Starch, Tannin, 96. Kunni Abrus precatorius Linn Fabaceae Hair growth Protein, Flavanoids, Phenolic Compound, Fixed Oil, Amino Acid, Luteolin. Intestinal worms

Fever & Cough Asparagin, Alkaloids, Ephedrine, Hypaphorine, Vasicinone, Vasicine, Vasicinol, Anti asthmatic 97. Kuronthotty Sida rhombifolia Malvaceae Phytosterols, Mucin, Alkaloids. Joint pain Headache Rheumatism Volatile Oil, Starch, Gum, Fatty Oil, Ciscaryophyllene, 3-Canene, Humulene, Limonene, Dyspepsia 98. Kurumulaku Piper nigrum Piperaceae Pinene, Alkaloid, Piperidine. Skin diseases Anthelmintic Intestinal worms 99. Matilpanna Hemionitis arifolia Hemionitidaceae Flavanoids, Glycosides, Steroids, Phenols, Peptides, Alkaloids, Essential Oils, Coumarines. Anti diabetic Siphilis Wound 100 Maavu Magnifera indica Anarcardiaceae Flavanoids, Xanthone, Urushiols, Essential Oils, Terpinolene, Beta Pinene. Ulcers Rheumatisim Anti emetic Colon cancer 101. Mahagani Swietenia macrophylla Meliaceae Catechin, Epicatechin, 1, 1diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl. Anti hyperlipidemic Anti inflammatory Anti diarrhea 102. Manjadi Adenanthera pavonina Fabaceae Carbohydrates, Flavanoids, Terpenoids, Amino Acids, Indole Alkaloids. Anti inflammatory Anti bacterial Aromatic Carminative 103. Malli Corriandrum sativum Umbelliferae Fixed Oils, Protein, Linalool, Geraniol, Pinene, Borneol, Coriandryl Acetate, Vit A. Stimulant Purgative

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Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(1), January - February 2017; Article No. 46, Pages: 274-299 ISSN 0976 – 044X

Skin disease 104. Mandharam Bauhania accuminata Caesalpiniaceae Starch, Alkaloids, Flavanoids, Tannins, Sequeterpenoids, Phytol. Tumors Anti diabetic Sedative Analgesic 105. Manithakali Solanum nigrum Solanaceae Polyphenols, Kaempferol, Apigenin, Luteolin, . Laxative Anti oxidant Anti oxidant 106. Manja kolambi Uncaria tomentosa Rubiaceae Ajamalicine, Catechin, Triterpene, Indole Alkaoids, Steroids, Lipids. Anti inflammatory Rheumatisim Wound dressing Ulcers 107. Maramanjal Coscinium fenestratrum Menispermaceae Saponins, Flavanoids, Tannis, Alkaloids, Curcuminoids. Anti diabetic Anti microbial Alexiteric Anti pyretic Alkaloid, A Glucoside, Tannins, Β-Sitosterol, L-Sitosterol, Long Chain Aliphatic Compound, 108. Maravazha Vanda tessellate Orchidaceae Dyspepsia Fatty Oils, Resins, Β-Sitosterol-D-Glucoside. Bronchitis Anti inflammatory Anti diabetic Hydnocarpin, Luteolin, Isohydnocarpin, Alpha-Glucosidase, N-Acetyl-Beta-D- Anti mycobacterial 109. Maroty Hydnocarpus wightiana Flacourtiaceae Glucosaminidase. Skin diseases Rheumatism Abdominal pain Sesqueterpenes, Abscesses 110. Mashithandu chedi Peperomia pellicid Piperaceae Essential Oils, Caratol, Flavanoids, Phytosterols, Styrenes. Fatigue Gout Haemmorhage Anti diarrhea Apigenin, Catechin, Epicatechin, Luteleol, Kaempferol, Tryptamine, Triterpenes, 3 Flavanol, Dysentery 111. Mathalam Punica granatum Punicaceae Quercetin. Intestinal parasites Astringent Toxic wounds 112. Menthoni Gloriosa superb linn Liliaceae Alkaloids, Colchicines, Colchicine Derivatives, Chelidonic Acid, Glycosides, Phenolics. Snake bite Scorpion poison Skin disease 113. Milanji Lawsonia inermis Lynthraceae Tannins, Lawsone, Esculetin, Fraxetin, Scopoletin, Betulin, Lupeol, Quinone. Head ache Hair dye 114. Moovila Pseudarthria viscid Fabaceae Carotenoids, Flavonoids And Tannins, Petrocarpanoids, Gangetin, Gangetinin, Desmodin, Anti asthmatic

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Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(1), January - February 2017; Article No. 46, Pages: 274-299 ISSN 0976 – 044X

Isoflavonoid, Petrocarpanoids, Gangetin. Fever Dysentery Cardiac problem Fractured bone Stomach ache Anti asthmatic Amentoflavone, Cupressuflavone, Isoorientin, Luteolin 7- Methyl Ether, Caffeoylquinic Insomnia 115. Mukutti Biophytum sensitivum Oxalidaceae Acid, Phenolic Compounds. Anti epileptic Chest complaints Anti inflammatory Rheumatism Anti diarrhea 116. Mula Bambusa bambos Poaceae Coumaric Acids, Methionine, Ferolic Acids, Lysine, Vitamins, Phenolic Acids. Muscle spam Amenorrhea Head ache Arthritis , Capsaicinoid, Nordihydrocapsaicin, Homodihydrocapsaicin, Homocapsaicin, Rheumatism Neuralgia 117. Mulaku Capsicum annuum Solanaceae Carotenoids (Capsanthin, Capsorubin, Carotene, Lutein). Menstrual cramps Indigestion Psoriasis Muscle pain Purification of blood 118. Mulberry Monis nigra Moraceae Amino Acids, Ascorbic Acids, Xanthophylls, Isoquercetin. Purgative Anti diabetic Neuralglia Laxative 119. Mullangi Raphanus sativus Brassicaceae Glucosinolates, Phenolics, Isothiocyanates, Anthocyanon, Delphinidin. Anti inflammatory Anti bacterial Spleenopathy Vit C,B1,B2 defeceincy Alkaloids, Isoquinoline, Coreximine, Anomurine, Caryophyllene, Cadinene, Epi-Α-Cadinol, Anti cancer 120. Mullatha Annona muricata Annonaceae Α-Cadinol. Atypical Parkinson’s disease Bronchitis Dysentery Ulcers Saponins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Polyphenols, Reducing Sugars, , 121. Mundhi vazha Musa paradisiacal Musaceae Anti epileptic Phlobatannins. Leprosy Hemorrhages Hemigraphis colorata Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives, Pcoumaric Acid, Ferulic Acid, Caffeic Acids, Phenols, External bleeding 122. Murikoodi Acanthaceae Blume Saponins, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Coumarins, Carbohydrates, Carboxylic Acid, Anti diabetic

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Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(1), January - February 2017; Article No. 46, Pages: 274-299 ISSN 0976 – 044X

Xanthoproteins, Tannins, Proteins, Alkaloids, Steroid, Sterols. Anemia Anti hepatoxicity Anti bacterial Dyspepsia Anti diarrhea 123. Muringakka Moringa oleifera Moringaceae Hexacosone, Pentacosone, Flavanoids, Quercetin, Essential Oils, Leuteolin. Flactulence Paralysis Anti inflammatory Anti pyretic Analgesic 124. Muthanga Cyperus rotundus Cyperaceae Alkaoids, Flavanoids, Glycosides, Furochromones, Momoterpenes, Starch, Sitosterol. Anti diabetic Anti inflammatory Anti diabetic Iron, 3-4 Dihydroxy Benzoic Acids, Vanillic Acids, Molybdenum, Inositol And Ethyl Alphad- 125. Muthira Macrotyloma uniflorum Fabaceae Anti oxidant Glucopyranoside, N- Hexadecanoic acid, Octadecadienoic Acid, Phytosterols. Astringent Anti oxidant 126. Muyalcheviyan Emila sonchifolia DC Asteraceae Alkaloids, Flavanioids, Simiral, Beta Sitosterol, Stigmasterol, Palmitic Acid. Anti tumor Anti carcinogenic Rheumatic pains Abdominal Complaints 127. Nagathalli Anoectochilus elatus Orchidaceae Alkaloids, Carotenoids, Flavonoids, Steroids, Terpenoids, Tannins, Cyanogenic Glycosides. Nervous debility Antidote Skin disease Tabernaemontana Headache 128. Nandyarvattom Apocynaceae Indole Alkaloids, Voacanginine, Vogcristine, Triterpenoids, Resins, Lupeol, Amyrin. divaricata Purifying blood Itching Blood purification Alkaloids, Steroids, Terpenoids, Phlobatannins, Cardiac Glycosides, Lignin, Phenolic Demulcent Diaphoretic 129. Narutheendi Hemidesmus indicus Asclepiadaceae Compounds. Jaundice Dysentery Styptic Wound healing Naphthoquinones Plumbagin, Epiisoshinanolone, Steroids Sitosterol, 3-O- 130. Neelakoduveli Plumbago auriculata Plumbaginaceae Analgesic Glucosylsitosterol, Plumbagic, Palmitic Acids Anti microbial Anti cancer Cardiotonic Alkaloids,Saponins, Sterols, L-Dopa, Alkylamines, Arachidic Acid, Behenic Acid, Snake bite 131. Naikuruna Mucuna pruriens Fabaceae Betacarboline, Beta-Sitosterol, Bufotenine, Cystine, Dopamine, Fatty Acids, Flavones, Parkinson’s disease Galactose D, Gallic Acid, Genistein Glutamic Acid, Glutathione, Glycine, Histidine. Leukorrhea

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Spermatorrhea Menstrual disorders Dysentery Indigestion Β-Phenylamine, Indole-3-Acetic Acid, Tyramine, Trigonelline, Hypaphorine, Tryptophan 132. Nilamparanda Desmodium triflorum Fabaceae Anti diarrhea Methyl Ester, S-L-Stachydrine, Alkaloid Hypaphorine. Fever Rheumatism Diuretic Laxative 133. Nellika Phyllanthus emblica Phyllanthaceae Flavanoids, Kaemferol 3-O-Alpha-L-Tannic Acid, Ellagstannin, Gallic Acid, Emblican. Hair dye Cardio protective Diuretic Burning sensation 134. Nellu Oryza sativa Linn Poaceae Amino Acids, Carbohydrates, Arabinose, Mannose, Galactose, Glucuronic Acid. Bilious fever Srangury Anti diabetic Anti diabetic Anti bacterial Glycoside, Coloring Matter (Indigotin), Flavonoids, Terpinoids, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Anti oxidant 135. Nilamari Indigofera tinctoria Linn. Fabaceae Indigotine, Indiruben, Rotenoids. Cytotoxic Anti inflammatory Hepatoprotective Anti bacterial Wounds Γ-Himachalene, Β-Caryophyllene, Β-Sesquiphellandrene, Emetine, Cephaeline, Psychotrine Ulcers 136. Nilanarakom Naregamia alata Meliaceae Psychotrine Methyl Ether, Emetamine. Cough Bronchitis Splenomegaly Carminative Aphrodisiac Anti pyretic Glycosides, Polysacchride, Fat, Tannins, Resin, Mucilage, Yuccagenin, Alkaloid Lycorin, 137. Nilapana Curculigo orchioides Gaertn Amaryllidaceae Ophthalmia Sapogenin, Phenolic Glycoside. Indigestion Anti emetic Anti diarrhea Anti oxidant Stomachic Anthocyanins, lucoside, Ellagic Acid, Isoquercetin, Kaemferol, Myrecetin, Alkaloid, 138. Njaval Syzygium cumini myrtaceae Astringent Jambosine. Diuretic Anti diabetic

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Cure dropsy Cardiac affections 139. Nishagandhi Epiphyllum oxypetalum Cactaceae Saponins, Phenolic Compounds, Steroids, Glycosides, Tannins, Terpenoids, Resins. Tonic Aphrodisiac Anti diabetic Seminal weakness Urinary retention Flavonoids, Flavonol Glycosides, Steroidal Saponins, Alkaloids, Tigogenin, Neotigogenin, 140. Njerinjil Tribulus terrestris Linn Zygophyllaceae Kidney stone Gitogenin, Neogitogenin, Hecogenin, Neohecogenin, Diosgenin, Chlorogenin, Ruscogenin. Flatulence Fever Sedative Genistin, Flavanoids, Glycosides, Pterocarpanoids, Lipids, Glycolipds, Alkaloids, Caffeic Neurological imbalances 141. Orila, irila Desmodim gangeticum Fabaceae Acid, Chlorogenic Acid, Beta Carboline. Aphrodisiac Abdominal pains Leucorrhoea Arthritis Urinary infection Carbazole Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Coumarins, Flavonoids, Carbazole Glycozoline, 142. Panal Glycosmis arborea Rutaceae Cough Glycozolidine Bronchitis Anti asthmatic Burning sensation Nasal conjestion Flactulence 143. Panikoorka Plectranthus amboinicus Lamiaceae Salviasofic Acids, Rosmarinic Acid, Thymoquinone, Shimobasnidric Acid. Rheumatism Cough Tumor 144. Panjimaram Bombax pentandrum Bombacaceae Fatty Acids, Squalene, Taraxerol, Taraserone, Loliolide. Urinary retention Sexual weakness Anti inflammatory Relieving Symptoms of 145. Papaya Carica papaya Caricaceae Papain, Chymopapain, PolyPeptides, Amides, Proteolytic Enzymes. pisiotomy Anti cancer Cold & fever 146. Parpataka pullu Hedyotis corymbosa Rubiaceae Hedyotide B1 &B2, Cyclotides. Anti inflammatory Immune support Gastro enteritis Tannic Acids, Guijavalic Acids, Eugenol, Sesqueterpene, Gibberellins, Ellagic Acids, 147. Passion fruit Psidium guajava Myrtaceae Vomiting Saponins. Anti diarrhea

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Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(1), January - February 2017; Article No. 46, Pages: 274-299 ISSN 0976 – 044X

Tooth ache Anti diabetic 148. Pathimukam Caesalpinia sappan linn Fabaceae Triterpenoids, Isoflavanoids, Steroids, Amino Acids. Skin disease Wounds Leprosy Ulcers & wounds Burning sensation Alkaloids, Glycosides, Aglycone, Tannin, Sterol, Phenol, Protein, Disogenin, Linoliec Acid, 149. Pavaika Momordica charantia Cucurbitaceae Rheumatism Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Anti diabetic Anti inflammatory Anti asthmatic Gastroenteritis Anti emetic Anti diarrhea Pentacyclic Triterpenoid Guajanoic Acid, Beta-Sitosterol, Uvaol, Oleanolic Acid, Ursolic Dysentery 150. Pera Psidium guajava Myrtaceae Acid, Quercetin, Hyperin, Myricetin-3-O-Beta-D-Glucoside. Ulcers Toothache Coughs Sorethroat Diuretic Hepatic stimulant 151. Pichi poo Fabiana imbricate Solanaceae Benzyl Acetate, Methy Jasmonate, Indol, Linalool, Lialyl Acetate, Benzyl Alochol. Dyspepsia Jaundice Anti bacterial Morin, Dihydromorin, Cynomacurin, Artocarpin, Isoartocarpin, Cyloartocarpin, Anti inflammatory Artocarpus heterophyllus 152. Plavu Moraceae Artocarpesin, Oxydihydroartocarpesin, Artocarpetin, Norartocarpetin, Cycloartinone, Anti diabetic Lam Betulinic Acid, Artocarpanone, Heterophylol. Anti oxidant Immunomodulatory Allergy Bronchitis Achrosin, Aloeemodin, Emodin, Anthraquinones, Anthrones, Apigenin, Aurantiobtusin, Anti asthmatic 153. Ponnariveeran Cassia occidentalis Linn Euphorbiaceae Campesterol, Cassiollin, Chryso-Obtusin, Chrysophanic Acid, Chrysarobin, Chrysophanol, Anti diabetic Chrysoeriol. Fever Wounds Skin diseases Kidney disorder Diuretic 154. Poovamkurunila Cyanthillium cinereum Asteraceae Terpenes, Alkaloids, Lignans, Tannins, Phenolics, Kaemferol, Adenosine. Menstrual pain Anti asthmatic

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Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(1), January - February 2017; Article No. 46, Pages: 274-299 ISSN 0976 – 044X

Anti oxidant Fat, Protein, Ash, Crude Fiber, Starch, Glycoalkaloids, Ascorbic Acid, Dehydrotomatine, Anti epileptic 155. Potato Solanum tuberosum Solanaceae Alpha-Tomatine. Obesity Anti adhesion Bronchitis Β-Carotene, Tannin, , Phenolic Components, Ascorbic Acid, L-Lobeline, Anti asthmatic 156. Pukayila Lobelia nicitianifolia Campanulaceae Lobelanine, Nor-Lobelanine, Lobelanidine, Nor-Lobelanidine. Emetic Insect bites Skin diseases Dysentery Kaempferol, Quercetin, Kaempferol 3-Glucoside, Quercetin 3-Glucoside, Rutin, 157. Puvarasu Thespesia populnea Malvaceae Haemorrhages Nonacosane, Lupenone, Myricyl Alcohol, Lupeol, Β-Sitosterol, Β-Sitosterol-Β-D-Glucoside Tonic Anti hypertensive Skin disease Malarial fever 158. Puvoom Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae Triterpenoids, Proteins, Calcium, Potassium, Ethers Cholera Rheumatism Irritable stomach Anti emetic 159. Ramacham Vetiveria zizanioides Poaceae Vetiver Oil, Azulene, Nootkatane, Seaqueterpenes, Khusol, Khusinol, Khusimone. Anti inflammatory Fever Headaches Essential Oils, Citrionellol, Geraniol, Eicopene, Phenylethyl Alcohol, Farnesol, Eugenol, Dizziness 160. Rose Rosa rubiginosa Rosaceae Nerol, Alpha Pinene. Treatment of burns Scars and wrinkles Bites of venomous reptiles 161. Sarpagandhi Rauvolfia serpentine Apocynaceae Serpentinine, Reserpine, Yohimbine, Ajmaline. Anti hypertensive Schizophrenia Insect bite Anti oxidants 162. Seethathali Pyrrosia piloselloides Polypodiaceae Flavanoids, Saponins, Steroids, Tannins. Breast cancer Cytotoxic Skin diseases Eye & throat infection Free Amino Acids, Serine, Aspartic Acid Threonine, Tyrosine, Isoleusine, Leusine, Hydroxy 163. Shankupushpam Clitoria ternatea Fabaceae Urinary troubles Proline. Anti emetic Anti dypsetic

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Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(1), January - February 2017; Article No. 46, Pages: 274-299 ISSN 0976 – 044X

Mild laxative

Diuretic 164. Shathavari Asparagus racemosus Liliaceae Steroidal Saponins, Shathavarin, Glycosides(Shathavarin I). Anti oxytoxic Nervine disorders

Diuretic 165. Tea Thea sinesis Theaceae Purine Alkaloids, Caffeine, Phenolic Acids, Amino Acids, Kaempferol, , Myrticin. Stimulant Bronchitis Laxative 166. Teak Teetona grandis linn Lamiaceae Beta Sitosterol, Anthraquinones, Naphthaquinones, Caprilic Acid, Linoleic Acid. Expectorant Itching Astringent Aphrodisiac Naphthol Rhamnosides, 8-O-Α-L-Rhamnosyl-Β-Sorigenin, 6-Hydroxy-8-O-Α-L-Rhamnosyl-Β- Diuretic 167. Tena Setaria viridis Poaceae Sorigenin, 6-Methoxy-8-O-Α-L-Rhamnosyl-Β-Sorigenin, Tricin, P-Hydroxycinnamic Acid, Vitexin 2″-O-Xyloside, Orientin 2″-O-Xyloside. Laxative Rheumatism Burning sensation Fractures Smallpox Anti diarrhea Luteolin, Quercetin 3-O-Β-D-Glucuronide, Quercetin 3-O-Β-D-Glucoside, Isorhamnetin 3-O- Dysentery 168. Thamara Nelumbo nucifera Nelumbonaceae Rutinoside, Alphitolicacid, Maslinic Acid, N-Methylasimilobine, Norsesquiterpenoids, Cough Triterpenes, Catechin. Diuretic Anthelmintic Dyspepsia Tumours B-Sitosterol, A-2-Sitosterol, Palmitic Acid, Ester Of B-Sitosterol, Tetracosanoic, Spleen enlargement 169. Thazhuthama Boerhavia diffusa Linn Nyctaginaceae Hexacosonoic, Stearic, Arachidic Acid, Urosilic Acid, Hentriacontane, B-Ecdysone, Abdominal pains Triacontanol Cardiac diseases Anti asthmatic Skin diseases Colic flatulence Triterpenes, Monoterpenes, Sesquiterpenes, Ester, Triterpenes, Ursolic Acid, Oleanolic, Anti diarrhea 170. Thetti Ixora coccinea Linn Rubiaceae Lupeol, Geranyl Acetate, Linalyl Acetate, Cyperene, Copaene. Indigestion Ulcers Wounds Increase immunity Alkaloids, Piperine, Sesamine, Sesamin, Pulvuatilol, Fargesin, Pipercide, Piperderidine, Increase haemoglobin 171. Thippali Piper longum linn Piperaceae Longamide, Tetrahydropiperine, Terahydro Piperlongumine, Dehydropipernonaline Breast cancer Piperidine. Colon cancer

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Fibromyalgia Viper bite Anti microbial Anti fungal 172. Thiruthali Ipomoea sepiaria Roxb. Convolvulaceae Alkaoids, Phenols, Saponin, Resins, Terpenoids, Steroids, Amino Acids, Glycosides. Cardiac depressant Anti hypertensive Anti Spasmodic Jaundice Anti asthmatic Anti bacterial Or-Epinephrine, D-Pinitol, B-Sitosterol, Terpenoids, Flavonoids, Glycosides, Alkaloids, 173. Thottavadi Mimosa pudica Linn Mimosaceae Anti venom Quinines, Phenols, Tannins, Saponins, Coumarins, Phytosterol Anti fertility Anti epileptic Anti depressant Anti histamine Increase wbc count Tannins, Alkaloids, Volatile Oils, Thymol, Urosolic Acid, Linalool, Methy Chamicol, Citral, 174. Thulasi Ocimum sanctum Lamiaceae Prevent cell Eugenol. granulation Anti septic Throat pain Tri Terpenoids, Oleanolic Acid, Nicotine, Sterols, Glucosides, Diterpenes, Farnesene, Tonsillitis 175. Thumba chedi Leucas aspera Lamiaceae Steric Acid. Anti diabetic Jaundice Sedative Spasmodic 176. Ummam Datura metel Solanaceae Scopolamines, Atropine, Daturilin, Hyosine, Hyosamine. Mydriatic Rabies Anti asthmatic Anti septic Skin allergies Anti plasmodial Flavonoids, Fixed Oils, Glabrachalcone Isopongachromene, Pongone, Galbone, Anti diabetic 177. Ungu Pongamia pinnata Fabaceae Pongalabol, Pongagallone, Furanoflavonoid Glucosides, Pinnatin, Beta-Sitosteryl Anti lipidoxidative Acetate, Saturated And Unsaturated Fatty Acids. Anti diarrhea Anti ulcer Anti hyperammonic Anti oxidant Cardiospermum Alcohols, Phenols, Alkanes, Alkynes,Aliphatic Ester, Flavonoids, Cyclohexane-1, 4, 5- Anti bacterial 178. Uzhinja Sapindaceae halicacabum Triol-3-One-1-Carboxylic Acid, Benzene Acetic Acid, Caryophyllene, Phytol, Anti fungal

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Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(1), January - February 2017; Article No. 46, Pages: 274-299 ISSN 0976 – 044X

Neophytadiene. Anti oxidant Anti cancer Rheumatism Severe bronchitis Viper bite Anti fertility Triterpene(Albigenin), Glucose, Galactose, Arabinose, Xylose, Fructose, Echinocystic Opthalmic use 179. Vaka Albizia lebbeck Mimosaceae Acid, Beta Sitosterol, Spermine Alkaloids, Flavanols, (-) Epicatechin, Procyanidin, B-2, Anti histaminic Procyanidin B-5, Procyanidin. Anti asthmatic Anti inflammatory

Leucorrhoea Arthritis Starch, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins, Reducing Sugars, Amino Acids, Lignins, Cardiac Urinary infection 180. Vallikuronthotty Sida cordata Malvaceae Glycosides, Triterpenoids. Cough Bronchitis Burning sensation

Headache Cough Justicia gendarussa Alkaoids, Flavanoids, Steroidal Saponins, Triterpenoidal Saponins, Amino Acids, Friedlin, 181. Vathamkolli Acanthaceae Bronchitis Burm.f Lupeol, Beta Sitosterol, Benzyl Alcohol. Migrain & fever Fractured bone

Kidney stones Anti cancer Stilbenes, Flavonoids, Coumarins, Terpenoids, Tannins, Steroids, Carbohydrates, Anti inflammatory 182. Vatta Macaranga peltata Euphorbiaceae Glycosides. Anti oxidant Anti microbial Anti plasmodial Dysentery Skin disease Glycosides, Saponins, Eugenol, Methy Eugenol, Calamine, Alpha Pinene, Azulene 183. Vayambu Acorus calamus Acoraceae Bronchitis Flavanoles. Stomach problems Anti epileptic

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Anti diarrhea Throat ailments Alkaloids, Vincamine, Reserpine, Reserpinine, Akuammicine, Majdine, Viperine, Ervine, Chest pain 184. Shavamnari Vinca minor Apocynaceae Vineridine, Tombozine, Vincamajine, Vincanine, Vincanidine, Vincamone, Anti hypertensive Apovincamine, Vincaminol, Desoxyvincaminol, Vincorine, Perivincine. Sore throat Intestinal pain

Anti oxidant Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Tannins, Steroids, Oxalic Acid, Solasodine, Ascorbic Acid, Bronchitis 185. Vazhuthana Solanum melongena Solanaceae Tryptophan, Tropane, Pyrrolidine, Quinazolizidine, Steroid Alkaloids, Glycoalkaloids, Anti asthmatic Solanoflavone. Stimulant Hemorrhagic fluxes

Viper bite Beloperone Anti cancer 186. Vishapacha Acanthaceae Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Proteins, Steroids, Anthraquinones. Plumbaginifolia Anti bacterial Anti oxidant

Insecticide Azadirachtin, Meliantrol, Salanin, Nimbin, Nimbidin, Triterpenes, Limanoids, Flavanol, Anti feedant 187. Veppu Azasirachta indica Meliaceae Glycosides, Quercetin, Myrcetin. Anti microbial Spermicidal activity

Skin irritation 188. Vettila Piper bettele linn Piperaceae Essential Oil, Chavicol, Chavibetol, Cineole, Alkaloids, Tannins, Starch, Diosgenin. Anti emetic

Purifies blood Improve memory Phenols (Quercetin), Steroids, Reducing Sugars, Alkaloids, Phenolic Compounds, Anti cancer 189. Vishnukranthi Evolvulus alsinoides Convolvulaceae Saponins, Tannins, Flavonoids, Amino Acids, Terpenoids, Cardioglycosides. Anti diabetic Cardiovascular diseases

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Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(1), January - February 2017; Article No. 46, Pages: 274-299 ISSN 0976 – 044X

Rheumatism Anti Epileptic Sapogenins, Quinovic Acid, Salicortin, Saligenin, Phenolic Glycosides, Pyrocatechol, Swelling 190. Vanji Salix tetrasperma Salicaceae Tannins, Triterpenes, Amyrin, Lupeol, Chalcinasterol, Steroids, Beta-Sitosterol, Piles Stigmasterol, Friedelin. Venereal diseases Stones in bladder

Table 2: Summary of Plant Families

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Pathanamthitta District of Kerala for Treating Cut and Figure 2: Percentage distribution of Chemical Wounds, Indian Journal of Botanical Research, 5(1&2), Constituents in Plants 2009, 137-142. 6. Neha.S, Effect of Cynodon Dactylon on Rotenone Induced Parkinson’s Disease. Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine, 12(3), 2012, 167-175. 7. Khare. C.P, Indian Medicinal Plants: An Illustrated Dictionary, Springer Science & Business Media, 2008, 2- 873. 8. Sivarajan V.V, Indira B, Ayurvedic Drugs and Their Plant Sources, Oxford and IBH Publishing, 1994, 15-524. 9. Biren S, Avinash.S, Textbook of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2012, 1-83.

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