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Univerzita Karlova Pedagogická Fakulta DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Císař Univerzita Karlova Pedagogická fakulta Katedra dějin a didaktiky dějepisu DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Císař Claudius v beletrii a filmu Caesar Claudius in Fiction and Film Bc. David Král Vedoucí práce: doc. PhDr. Jana Kepartová, CSc. Studijní program: Učitelství pro střední školy Studijní obor: Učitelství všeobecně vzdělávacích předmětů pro základní školy a střední školy dějepis — německý jazyk 2019 Odevzdáním této diplomové práce na téma Císař Claudius v beletrii a filmu potvrzuji, že jsem ji vypracoval pod vedením vedoucího práce samostatně za použití v práci uvedených pramenů a literatury. Dále potvrzuji, že tato práce nebyla využita k získání jiného nebo stejného titulu. Praha 8. července 2019 Poděkování Touto cestou bych rád poděkoval vedoucí své práce doc. PhDr. Janě Kepartové, CSc. za její cenné rady, čas a trpělivost při vedení mé diplomové práce. Abstrakt Tato diplomová práce se zabývá dvěma romány z pera Roberta Gravese Já, Claudius a Claudius bůh a jejich seriálovou adaptací z produkce britské stanice BBC, která vznikla v roce 1976. Na úplném začátku této práce jsou krátce popsány životy a díla starověkých autorů (jmenovitě Suetonius, Tacitus, Velleius Paterculus, Cassius Dio a Josephus Flavius). Na začátku jsou také popsány principové (císařové) Římské říše, kteří Římu vládli v období, do kterého jsou oba zkoumané romány zasazeni (jde tedy o Augusta, Tiberia, Caligulu a samozřejmě Claudia). Tato část diplomové práce je založena na dílech moderních badatelů. Ti se kupříkladu dnes nedomnívají, že Livia byla úkladná vražedkyně nebo že Tiberius byl zabit Caligulou nebo Macronem. V diplomové práci jsou srovnávány oba romány s historickými prameny (Suetonius, Tacitus, Cassius Dio, Josephus Flavius aj.), z nichž Robert Graves při psaní svého díla čerpal, což je vlastně důvodem, proč je mezi antickými prameny a romány tolik podobností. Robert Graves kromě toho převzal i úhel pohledu těchto autorů. To znamená, že převzal i různé jejich názory a domněnky, což je důvodem, proč je kupříkladu románový Tiberius celkem zápornou postavou. Dále se práce zabývá využitím filmu ve výuce obecně a obsahuje také návrh hodiny, ve které by mohl být zkoumaný seriál využit. Klíčová slova Claudius, literatura, film, Robert Graves, didaktika Abstract The main interest of this master’s thesis are novels by Robert Graves I, Claudius and Claudius the God and an adaptation of the novels in a TV series I, Claudius produced by BBC in 1976. At the beginning of this master’s thesis are described lives of the ancient authors (Suetonius, Tacitus, Velleius Paterculus, Cassius Dio and Josephus Flavius) and their works. At the beginning are also described princeps (emperors) of the Roman Empire, who ruled during the time period of the plot (Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula and of course Claudius). This part is based on the modern researches. The master’s thesis compares the novels to ancient historic sources (Suetonius, Tacitus, Cassius Dio, Josephus Flavius et al.), that Robert Graves used during the writing of his novels. That’s why there are many similarities between Graves’ novels and ancient sources. Robert Graves took point of view of ancient authors. It means that in the novels are their opinions and theories. For example, Tiberius in the novel is a negative person, because Tacitus and Cassius Dio thought bad of him. The second interest of this master’s thesis is to describe use of a film in the education. There is a scheme of a lesson in that could be I, Claudius used. Keywords Claudius, Fiction, Film, Robert Graves, Didactics Obsah Úvod ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 1 Zhodnocení pramenů ........................................................................................................................................... 10 2 Období děje románu ............................................................................................................................................. 16 2.1 Augustus ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 17 2.2 Tiberius .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 21 2.3 Caligula .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 25 2.4 Claudius ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 3 Já, Claudius ............................................................................................................................................................... 31 3.1 Srovnání díla s prameny ......................................................................................................................................................... 35 3.1.1 Claudiův život před vládou ......................................................................................................................................... 38 3.1.1 Claudius a ženy .......................................................................................................................................................... 46 3.1.2 Claudiovi předchůdci .................................................................................................................................................... 52 3.1.2.1 Románový Augustus ............................................................................................................................................ 53 3.1.2.2 Románový Tiberius .............................................................................................................................................. 61 3.1.2.3 Románový Caligula ............................................................................................................................................... 74 3.1.2.4 Vláda románového Claudia ............................................................................................................................... 82 4 Využití seriálu Já, Claudius ve výuce .............................................................................................................. 89 4.1 Ke smyslu výuky dějepisu obecně ........................................................................................................................................ 89 4.2 Film ve výuce dějepisu.............................................................................................................................................................. 91 4.3 Návrh hodiny ............................................................................................................................................................................... 96 4.4 Obsah použitých ukázek ....................................................................................................................................................... 101 4.4.1 Ukázka č. 1 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 101 4.4.2 Ukázka č. 2 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 103 4.4.3 Ukázka č. 3 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 104 Závěr ................................................................................................................................................................................... 107 Seznam použitých informačních zdrojů ................................................................................................................ 109 Zkoumané filmové zpracování ................................................................................................................................................... 109 Zkoumané literární zpracování ................................................................................................................................................ 109 Elektronické zdroje ........................................................................................................................................................................ 109 Starověké prameny ........................................................................................................................................................................ 110 Sekundární literatura ................................................................................................................................................................... 111 Učebnice použitá při výuce ......................................................................................................................................................... 113 Zdroje obrazů použitých v pracovním listě .......................................................................................................................... 113 Úvod Tato práce je věnována románu Já,
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