DOCSLIB.ORG

Emerging Animal and Plant Industries —Their Value to Australia—

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Emerging Animal and Plant Industries —Their Value to Australia— Emerging Animal and Plant Industries —their value to Australia— Second Edition RIRDCInnovation for rural Australia © 2009 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 1 74151 803 2 ISSN 1440-6845 Emerging Animal and Plant Industries—Their value to Australia (Second edition) Publication No. 09/004 Project No. PRJ-000712 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication. This publication is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. However, wide dissemination is encouraged. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the RIRDC Publications Manager on phone 02 6271 4165 Researcher Contact Details Researcher: Max Foster ABARE GPO Box 1563 CANBERRA ACT 2601 Phone: (02) 6272 2095 Fax: (02) 6272 2348 Email: [email protected] In submitting this report, the researchers have agreed to RIRDC publishing this material in its edited form. RIRDC Contact Details Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Level 2, 15 National Circuit BARTON ACT 2600 PO Box 4776 KINGSTON ACT 2604 Phone: 02 6271 4100 Fax: 02 6271 4199 Email: [email protected]. Web: http://www.rirdc.gov.au Published in January 2009 Printed by Union Offset Printing, Canberra Emerging Animal and Plant Industries —their value to Australia— Second Edition by Max Foster ABARE RIRDCInnovation for rural Australia Acknowledgments The author is grateful for the generosity of the many participants in the Australia’s emerging industries who gave freely and generously of the information necessary to complete this report. In each case, their enthusiasm for their industry was inspiring. The author thanks ABARE colleagues, Terry Sheales, Ben Buetre and Peter Martin, for their constructive comments on drafts of this report. The author also gratefully acknowledges the invaluable support, expertise and patience of RIRDC staff throughout the preparation of this report, especially Peter McInnes. Abbreviations kg kilogram (2.20462 pounds) t tonne (1000 kilograms) kL kilolitre (1000 litres) kt kilotonne (1000 tonnes) Mt megatonne (1 000 000 tonnes) A$ dollar (Australian) $m million dollars (Australian) $b billion dollars (Australian) US$ dollar (United States) US$m million dollars (United States) US$b billion dollars (United States) cif cost, insurance and freight EVAO estimated value of agricultural operations fas free alongside ship fob free on board GDP gross domestic product nc not calculated nec not elsewhere classified nes not elsewhere specified p provisional ABARE Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics ABS Australian Bureau of Statistics DAFF Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry DBIRD Department of Business, Industry and Resource Development, Northern Territory DPIFM Department of Industry, Fisheries and Mines, Northern Territory FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations RIRDC Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation WTO World Trade Organisation UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Small discrepancies in totals are generally caused by rounding. 0 is used to denote nil or a negligible amount. iv Foreword Australia’s rural industries make a fundamental contribution to the Australian economy “...emerging rural industries bring and way of life. In addition to the major industries, numerous new and emerging rural opportunity, diversity and resilience industries bring opportunity, diversity and resilience to rural Australia. The fact that to rural Australia.” detailed information on the volume and value of these industries is hard to come by makes this book a valuable resource. It brings together available information about many of Australia’s new rural industries. This second edition updates and expands the coverage of RIRDC’s Emerging animal and plant industries – their value to Australia first published “...the selected emerging industries in 2005. had an estimated gross value of production of $940 million, Together the selected emerging industries had an estimated gross value of production of equivalent to 2.7 per cent of the total $940 million, equivalent to 2.7 per cent of the total value of Australian farm production value of Australian farm production in 2006-07. They earned estimated export revenue of $465 million, or 6 per cent of total in 2006-07. They earned estimated farm export revenue in 2006-07. These shares are likely to grow in future years because export revenue of $465 million, — as the term ‘emerging’ suggests — many of the emerging industries appear to have or 6 per cent of total farm export strong growth prospects. revenue in 2006-07.” The Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation invests in new and emerging industries on behalf of government and industry stakeholders. New rural industries provide opportunities to be captured by rural producers and investors. They “Increasingly, new industries are also also provide avenues for farmers facing climate and structural pressures to diversify contributing to a distinctive regional and manage change. The establishment of new industries contributes to community character in rural Australia.” resilience and regional development. Increasingly, new industries are also contributing to a distinctive regional character in rural Australia. This important report provides basic statistical information for the new and emerging industries. As well as indicating the high aggregate value of a selected subset of the ‘new “The importance of this report is and emerging sector’, the report provides detailed statistical information for each new that it provides that basic statistical industry. It will be a useful basis for those contemplating investment or formulating information for the new and policy and will help to inform RIRDC as it plans its research and development priorities emerging industries.” into the future. Peter O’Brien Managing Director Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Foreword v Contents Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................. iv Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................................... iv Foreword ................................................................................................................................................ v Highlights ..............................................................................................................................................viii Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. ix Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1 Emerging Animal Industries .................................................................................................................... 3 Alpacas .................................................................................................................................................................5 Buffaloes ...............................................................................................................................................................8 Camels ...............................................................................................................................................................10 Crocodiles ..........................................................................................................................................................12 Dairy sheep ........................................................................................................................................................14 Deer ...................................................................................................................................................................16 Emus ..................................................................................................................................................................18 Game Birds .........................................................................................................................................................20
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Multi-Element Stable Isotope Analysis of Alkylpyrazines and Pyridine from Roast Coffee
    Multi-element Stable Isotope Analysis of Alkylpyrazines and Pyridine from Roast Coffee Dissertation zur Erlangung des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg vorgelegt von Christina Preston aus Aalen Würzburg 2008 Eingereicht am: 26. September 2008 bei der Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. P. Schreier 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. H.-U. Humpf der Dissertation 1. Prüfer: Prof. Dr. P. Schreier 2. Prüfer: Prof. Dr. H.-U. Humpf 3. Prüfer: Prof. Dr. C. Sotriffer des öffentlichen Promotionskolloquiums Tag des öffentlichen Promotionskolloquiums: 21. Januar 2009 Doktorurkunde ausgehändigt am: ……………………………… Acknowledgements The following research was conducted at the chair of food chemistry, University of Würzburg, from January 2004 to May 2007, under the guidance of Professor Dr. Peter Schreier. Professor Dr. Peter Schreier I thank for the isotopic-topic, the scientific support, the interesting discussions, not always strictly work-related, and the freedom of researching independently. Furthermore, I thank Dr. Thorsten König, from Givaudan (formerly Quest Inter- national), for providing samples and Dr. Elke Richling, Dr. Dominique Kavvadias, as well as the student workers Christopher Heppel and Silvia Hummel, for the pre-work conducted on this research topic. Special thanks go to the ‘F-Praktikanten’ Kathrin Kahle, Helena Bader, Stefanie Kohlhepp, Ina Kleinsteuber, Magdalena Müller, Karin Thomas, Christof Madinger and Tanja Welsch as well as to the ‘C-Praktikanten’ Daniela Trost and Fabian Oberle, who all supported me courageously during their advanced practical courses. They all contributed substantially to the success of this work, with their never-tiring energy, their good ideas and friendly relationships. Dr. Frank Heckel and Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Managing Shade Coffee
    ManagingManaging ShadeShade Caribbean Area CoffeeCoffee Fact Sheet November 2012 An Agroforestry System Shade coffee production in Puerto Rico has experi- enced a resurgence in growth during recent years, after undergoing a dramatic period of deforestation to convert to coffee production under full sun. The re- vival of shade coffee production utilizes a combina- tion of coffee shrubs and shade trees that form a sec- ondary forest. Shade coffee production has been proven to provide environmental benefits such as soil erosion control, water quality and quantity improve- ment, and wildlife habitat. Shade coffee production also provides socioeconomic benefits such as the opportunity to develop other sustainable forest prod- Coffee fruits in process of ripening. ucts, and the reintroduction of traditional jobs and cultural activities for local coffee pickers. are achieved by planting coffee in locations with the most suitable environmental conditions. In Puerto The coffee growing zone in Puerto Rico is located Rico, not all coffee plantations may be located in are- mostly in the humid mountains of the west-central as that are ecologically suitable for coffee growth. section of the “Cordillera Central.” This area is char- Therefore, recreating favorable coffee growing condi- acterized by steep, mountainous topography and a tions may be beneficial for both coffee production cool climate in the humid and wet subtropical forest. and for the environment. The coffee tree or shrub originated in Ethiopia. The For example, the optimum growth temperature for most common species grown in Puerto Rico are the arabica coffee varies from 60° to 65° F. With these Coffea arabica and C.
    [Show full text]
  • Coffea Liberica Click on Images to Enlarge
    Species information Abo ut Reso urces Hom e A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Coffea liberica Click on images to enlarge Family Rubiaceae Scientific Name Coffea liberica W.Bull ex Hiern Hiern, W.P. (1876) Transactions Linnean Society 2 i: 171. Type: Sierra Leone, cultivated on Mr Effenhausens farm, Daniell s.n. Lectotype: BM, fide Bridson (1985). Leaves and Flowers. Copyright CSIRO Common name Liberian Coffee; Coffee, Liberian Weed * Stem Attains the dimensions of a tree but also flowers and fruits as a shrub. Leaves Flower. Copyright CSIRO Leaf blades about 14-25 x 5-9 cm, petioles about 1-2.5 cm long. Domatia are foveoles with backward pointing orifices partly obstructed with hairs. Foveoles also visible as humps on the upper surface of the leaf blade. Stipules triangular, about 3-4 mm long. Flowers Flowers borne in almost sessile clusters in the leaf axils. Flowers about 30-40 mm diam. Calyx lobes small and inconspicuous. Corolla tube about 10-12 mm long, lobes 7-8, about 6 mm long, glabrous. Stamens about 7-8. Ovules 1 per locule. Fruit Scale bar 10mm. Copyright CSIRO Fruits subglobose, about 18-30 mm long. Seeds two or three per fruit, each seed enclosed in a hard endocarp about 13-15 x 4-8 mm. Testa thin and papery. Endosperm with a longitudinal fold. Radicle not as wide as but much longer than the cotyledons. Seedlings Cotyledons orbicular to +/- reniform, about 30-50 mm diam., stipules present.
    [Show full text]
  • Statistical Reports (ICC-102-10)
    ICC 102‐10 E RULES RULES ON STATISTICS STATISTICAL REPORTS APPROVED BY THE INTERNATIONAL COFFEE COUNCIL ON 28 MARCH 2011 May 2011 London, United Kingdom FOREWORD The Rules on Statistics – Statistical Reports of the International Coffee Organization contained in this document were formally approved by the International Coffee Council at its 106th Session on 28 March 2011, following the entry into force of the International Coffee Agreement 2007 on 2 February 2011. They supersede the Rules on Statistics – Statistical Reports contained in document EB‐3830/02. CONTENTS Page Definitions ................................................................................................................................... 1 Instructions for monthly reports ................................................................................................ 4 Instructions for quarterly and annual reports ............................................................................ 6 Annex Exporting Members: I‐A Report on provisional exports, prices to growers and retail/wholesale prices I‐B Monthly report: exports by destination I‐C Monthly report: imports by origin I‐D Quarterly and annual reports: production estimate; crop distribution; gross closing stocks; and area under coffee Importing Members: II‐A Monthly report: imports by origin II‐B Monthly report: re‐exports by destination II‐C Monthly, quarterly and annual reports: retail and wholesale prices; roastings; and inventories Exporting and importing countries: III List of destinations in alphabetical order showing ICO, EU and ISO codes RULES ON STATISTICS STATISTICAL REPORTS Definitions Types of coffee means the two most important species of coffee in economic terms: Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) and Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora). Two other species grown on a much smaller scale are Liberica coffee (Coffea liberica) and Excelsa coffee (Coffea dewevrei). For statistical purposes, the two types considered will be Arabica and Robusta, since the demand for the others is not commercially significant.
    [Show full text]
  • Coffee Production Costs and Farm Profitability: Strategic Literature Review
    A Specialty Coffee Association Research Report Coffee Production Costs and Farm Profitability: Strategic Literature Review Dr Christophe Montagnon, RD2 Vision October 2017 Coffee Production Costs and Farm Profitability | Specialty Coffee Association Contents: 1)! Introduction 2)! Methodology: Document selection 2.1) Reviewing method 3)! Document comparison: Raw data collection 3.1) Variable and fixed costs 3.2) Family labor and net income 3.3) Distinguishing between averaged farms and different farm types 3.4) Focus on the Echeverria and Montoya document 3.5) Yield, profitability and production costs across Colombian regions in 2012 3.6) Correlating yield, profitability and production costs 3.7) Agronomic factors impacting yield, profitability and production costs 4)! Conclusions: Meta-analysis of different studies 4.1) Valuing the cost of production and profitability across different documents 4.2) Relationship between profitability, cost per hectare, cost per kg and yield 4.3) Main conclusions of the meta-analysis 4.4) Causes of household food insecurity 4.5) Limitations and recommendations of this literature review 5)! Next steps: Taking a strategic approach 6)! Annexes 7)! Glossary of terms List of tables Table 1: Grid analysis of reviewed documents Table 2: Description of the different reviewed documents according to the grid anlysis Table 3: Description of different coffee farm types (clusters) in Uganda Table 4: Yield, profitability and coffee costs in different regions of Colombia Table 5: Correlations between yield, profitability
    [Show full text]
  • Liberica Coffee (Coffea Liberica L.) from Three Different Regions: in Vitro Antioxidant Activities
    Article Volume 11, Issue 5, 2021, 13031 - 13041 https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC115.1303113041 Liberica Coffee (Coffea liberica L.) from Three Different Regions: In Vitro Antioxidant Activities Muhamad Insanu 1 ,* , Irda Fidrianny 1 , Nur Hanin Husnul Imtinan 1 , Siti Kusmardiyani 1 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Scopus Author ID 55479820400 Received: 3.01.2021; Revised: 29.01.2021; Accepted: 2.02.2021; Published: 7.02.2021 Abstract: Free radicals are unstable molecules with unpaired electrons in their outer orbitals. An antioxidant is a compound that can be scavenged free radicals. Coffee is one of the natural antioxidants. This research aimed to study the antioxidant activity of medium roasted beans of liberica coffee (Coffea liberica) from three different regions by DPPH and CUPRAC methods. To determine total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), analyze the correlation between TPC and TFC with AAI DPPH and CUPRAC and the correlation between two methods in sample extracts. The sample was extracted by reflux using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. AAI DPPH in the range of 0.397- 18.536, while CUPRAC 0.532-4.674. The highest TPC in ethanol extract of liberica coffee from Aceh (22.585 ± 1.610 g GAE/100 g) and the highest TFC in ethyl acetate extract of liberica coffee from Aceh (4.927 ± 0.355 g QE/100 g). TPC of all samples had a positive and significant correlation with AAI DPPH and CUPRAC. AAI DPPH and CUPRAC value gave a significant and positive correlation.
    [Show full text]
  • Lavazza Annual Report ENG.Pdf
    ANNUAL REPORT 2019 COMPANY OFFICERS - GROUP STRUCTURE COMPANY OFFICERS GROUP STRUCTURE BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chairman Alberto Lavazza LUILUGIIGI LAVA LAVAZZAZZA S.p.A .S .p.A. CONTENTS Vice Chairmen Giuseppe Lavazza Marco Lavazza Company Officers Chief Executive Officer Antonio Baravalle LAVAZZA LAVAZZA OTHER BRAND OTHER SERVICE PROFESSIONAL SUBSIDIARIES SUBSIDIARIES SUBSIDIARIES COMPANIES Group Structure SUBSIDIARIES Directors Antonella Lavazza Francesca Lavazza 100% 97,3% 80% 100% 99% Directors’ Single Report on Operations LAVAZZA PROFESSIONAL NIMS S.p.A. KICKING HORSE LAVAZZA TRADING COFINCAF S.p.A. Manuela Lavazza HOLDING EUROPE S.r.l. COFFEE Co. Ltd SHENZHEN Co. Ltd Pietro Boroli 100% 100% 100% 100% Gabriele Galateri di Genola 93% LAVAZZA PROFESSIONAL LAVAZZA PREMIUM CARTE NOIRE LAVAZZA SPAGNA LAVAZZA CAPITAL Robert Kunze-Concewitz (UK) Ltd COFFEES Corp. S.a.s. S.L. S.r.l. LAVAZZA GROUP Antonio Marcegaglia 100% LPCC Canadian 100% 100% 100% Consolidated Financial Statements LAVAZZA PROFESSIONAL Branch CARTE NOIRE LAVAZZA MAROC IMMOBILIARE I.N.N.E.T. FRANCE S.a.s OPERATIONS S.a.r.l. S.r.l. at 31 December 2019 S.a.s. BOARD OF STATUTORY AUDITORS 100% 100% 100% LAVAZZA PROFESSIONAL LAVAZZA KAFFEE MERRILD KAFFE Accounting Statements GERMANY G.m.b.H . G.m.b.H. ApS Chairman Gianluca Ferrero 100% 100% 100% Consolidated Statement of Financial Position LAVAZZA PROFESSIONAL LAVAZZA DEUTSCHLAND MERRILD BALTICS Statutory Auditors Angelo Gilardi HOLDING NORTH AMERICA G.m.b.H. SIA Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss Inc. Bernardo Bertoldi 100% 100% Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive LAVAZZA PROFESSIONAL LAVAZZA FRANCE Income NORTH AMERICA LLC S.a.s. Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows INDEPENDENT AUDITORS LPNA Canadian 100% Branch LAVAZZA SWEDEN AB Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity EY S.p.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Ten Years of the Nescafé Plan Ay S D Ta R R U T
    TEN YEARS OF THE NESCAFÉ PLAN RTS 2 A A T S H Y T A I D W R U R O Y E T B E T SINCE THE LAUNCH OF THE NESCAFÉ PLAN iN 2010 A lot of love went into the cup of coffee in your hands: nurturing the soil, growing the tree, protecting it from climate change. A lot of energy was poured into things you can’t taste: nurturing the community, growing women’s roles, protecting children and workers. A lot of people did things you can’t see: nurturing hope, growing incomes, protecting the environment. A lot of voices discussed things you haven’t heard yet. So, we asked them why they think your day starts better with a cup of respect. And this is what they said… 3 CONTENTS 5 6 9 12 14 16 FOREWORD THE NESCAFÉ STORY: THE NESCAFÉ PLAN: RESPECT A DECADE TEN YEARS OF Magdi Batato STIRRING SUCCESS A COMMITMENT TO OF PROGRESS THE NESCAFÉ PLAN & David Rennie SUSTAINABLE COFFEE AROUND THE WORLD 21 30 34 41 46 52 IMPACT A CUP WITH TRUST DISCOVERY SUPPORT A CUP WITH AN EXPERT: AN EXPERT: Chris Wille Carlos Brando 55 60 68 74 78 83 THE BUSINESS WOMEN FARMERS COLLABORATION TEN YEARS LOOKING AHEAD OF FARMING IN COFFEE OF THE FUTURE OF LEARNING: Philipp Navratil A PERSONAL REFLECTION Marcelo Burity 4 FOREWORD A MILESTONE ON OUR Every year, Nescafé supports around 100,000 coffee These achievements (and many others) would not farmers and buys more than 800,000 metric tons have been possible without our outstanding and of green coffee – more than 13 million bags, from dedicated teams – both past and present – who more than 20 countries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Coffee Bean: a Value Chain and Sustainability Initiatives Analysis Melissa Murphy, University of Connecticut, Stamford CT USA Timothy J
    The Coffee Bean: A Value Chain and Sustainability Initiatives Analysis Melissa Murphy, University of Connecticut, Stamford CT USA Timothy J. Dowding, University of Connecticut, Stamford CT USA ABSTRACT This paper examines Starbucks’ corporate strategy of sustainable efforts in Ethiopia, particularly in the sustainable sourcing Arabica coffee. The paper discusses the value chain of coffee, issues surrounding the coffee supply chain and the need for sustainable coffee production. In addition it also discusses Starbucks’ position and influence on the coffee trade, and the measures that Starbucks is taking to ensure sustainability efforts throughout the coffee supply chain. COFFEE VALUE CHAIN & P3G ANALYSIS Coffee is produced in more than fifty developing countries in Latin America, Africa, and Asia and it is an important source of income for 20-25 million families worldwide [1]. The initial production of coffee beans including farming, collecting, and processing is labor intensive and as a result is performed in more labor abundant developing countries. The roasting and branding of coffee is more capital intensive and therefore is situated in northern industrialized countries. The top five coffee consumers are United States of America, Brazil, Germany, Japan, and France [1]. The structure of the value chain is very similar regardless of producing or consuming country. The coffee value chain is made up of the four main phases: Cultivation, Processing, Roasting, and Consumption. Each phase in the process has environmental, social, economic
    [Show full text]
  • Downloading Or Purchasing Online At
    Emerging animal and plant industries Their value to Australia by Max Foster and the Agricultural Commodities Section, ABARES September 2014 RIRDC Publication No 14/069 RIRDC Project No PRJ-008496 © Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation 2013 All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-74254-685-8 ISSN 1440-6845 Emerging animal and plant industries—their value to Australia Publication No. 14/069 Project No. PRJ-008496 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication. This publication is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of the Elemental Composition of Coffee Using Instrumental Methods
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Springer - Publisher Connector Food Anal. Methods (2013) 6:598–613 DOI 10.1007/s12161-012-9467-6 Determination of the Elemental Composition of Coffee Using Instrumental Methods Pawel Pohl & Ewelina Stelmach & Maja Welna & Anna Szymczycha-Madeja Received: 16 April 2012 /Accepted: 21 June 2012 /Published online: 14 July 2012 # The Author(s) 2012. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Although the content of elements in coffee is only Grembecka et al. 2007; Bertrand et al. 2008). Parts of coffee about 5 % (m/m), it seems to be a good indicator of the plants used in the food industry for the production of coffee coffee authenticity. Apparently, it can bring the useful infor- are fruits (berries) (Ashu and Chandravanshi 2011). Green mation about individual elemental patterns that are distinc- beans, collected from the dried and hulled berries, are tive to the origin of growing soils for coffee plants in roasted in a high temperature, i.e., 100–230 °C, to achieve addition to cultivation and environmental conditions used. a full aroma of coffee. This also results in a significant The elemental analysis of coffee by means of instrumental change in the color of beans from light to dark brown and measurement methods may have other uses. It can be used in the change of the chemical composition, especially the to prove the high quality and safety of raw coffee beans, fraction of volatile species (Belitz et al. 2009). various coffee byproducts, and the final coffee product in Coffee is consumed by around 40 % of the world's the market.
    [Show full text]
  • Coffee Plant the Coffee Plant Makes a Great Indoor, Outdoor Shade, Or Office Plant
    Coffee Plant The coffee plant makes a great indoor, outdoor shade, or office plant. Water when dry or the plant will let you know when it droops. Do not let it sit in water so tip over the pot if you over water the plant. Preform the finger test to check for dryness. When the plant is dry about an inch down, water thoroughly. The plant will stay pot bound about two years at which time you will transplant and enjoy a beautiful ornamental plant. See below. Coffea From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the biology of coffee. For the beverage, see Coffee. Coffea Coffea arabica trees in Brazil Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae (unranked): Angiosperms (unranked): Eudicots (unranked): Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Rubiaceae Subfamily: Ixoroideae Tribe: Coffeeae[1] Genus: Coffea L. Type species Coffea arabica L.[2] Species Coffea ambongensis Coffea anthonyi Coffea arabica - Arabica Coffee Coffea benghalensis - Bengal coffee Coffea boinensis Coffea bonnieri Coffea canephora - Robusta coffee Coffea charrieriana - Cameroonian coffee - caffeine free Coffea congensis - Congo coffee Coffea dewevrei - Excelsa coffee Coffea excelsa - Liberian coffee Coffea gallienii Coffea liberica - Liberian coffee Coffea magnistipula Coffea mogeneti Coffea stenophylla - Sierra Leonian coffee Coffea canephora green beans on a tree in Goa, India. Coffea is a large genus (containing more than 90 species)[3] of flowering plants in the madder family, Rubiaceae. They are shrubs or small trees, native to subtropical Africa and southern Asia. Seeds of several species are the source of the popular beverage coffee. After their outer hull is removed, the seeds are commonly called "beans".
    [Show full text]