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1 February 2015 Feature Volume 96, Issue 2 VOL. 96 NO. 21 151 FEB JAN 2015 2015 Earth & Space Science News Ocean History fromAfar Interior Secretary Hopes for Common Ground with New Congress Inland Water Gas Exchange AGU Awardees and Prize Winner Recognize The Exceptional Scientific Contributions And Achievements Of Your Colleagues Union Awards • Prizes • Fellows • Medals Awards Prizes Ambassador Award Climate Communication Prize Edward A. Flinn III Award NEW The Asahiko Taira International Charles S. Falkenberg Award Scientific Ocean Drilling Research Prize Athlestan Spilhaus Award Medals International Award William Bowie Medal Excellence in Geophysical Education Award James B. Macelwane Medal Science for Solutions Award John Adam Fleming Medal Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Maurice Ewing Medal Science Journalism Robert E. Horton Medal Walter Sullivan Award for Excellence Harry H. Hess Medal in Science Journalism – Features Inge Lehmann Medal David Perlman Award for Excellence in Science Journalism – News Roger Revelle Medal Fellows Scientific eminence in the Earth and space sciences through achievements in research, as demonstrated by one or more of the following: breakthrough or discovery; innovation in disciplinary science, cross-disciplinary science, instrument development, or methods development; or sustained scientific impact. Nominations Deadline: 15 March honors.agu.org Earth & Space Science News Contents 1 FEBRUARY 2015 FEATURE VOLUME 96, ISSUE 2 Recognize The Exceptional Scientific Contributions And Achievements Of Your Colleagues 6 Union Awards • Prizes • Fellows • Medals Two- and Four-Year Colleges Team Up to Support Science Awards Prizes Students Ambassador Award Climate Communication Prize Faculty from community colleges play increasingly important roles in promoting Edward A. Flinn III Award NEW The Asahiko Taira International science, technology, engineering, and Scientific Ocean Drilling Research Prize math. What can faculty from 4-year Charles S. Falkenberg Award colleges and universities do to collaborate? Athlestan Spilhaus Award Medals NEWS International Award William Bowie Medal Excellence in Geophysical Education Award James B. Macelwane Medal Common Ground with Science for Solutions Award John Adam Fleming Medal 3 New Congress Sought by Interior Secretary Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Maurice Ewing Medal At the 2014 AGU Fall Meeting, Sally Jewell Science Journalism Robert E. Horton Medal called for working constructively with Walter Sullivan Award for Excellence Congress and even with those who hold Harry H. Hess Medal strong ideological views. in Science Journalism – Features Inge Lehmann Medal David Perlman Award for Excellence MEETING REPORT in Science Journalism – News Roger Revelle Medal Fellows Scientific eminence in the Earth and space sciences through achievements in research, as demonstrated by 12 one or more of the following: breakthrough or discovery; innovation in disciplinary science, cross-disciplinary science, instrument development, or methods development; or sustained scientific impact. COVER 5 Nominations Deadline: 15 March Reading History from Afar Measurements, Modeling, A look at the sedimentary record in northern Ethiopia tells the story of and Scaling of Inland honors.agu.org oceans past—and maybe future. Water Gas Exchange Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 1 Contents DEPARTMENTS Editor in Chief Barbara T. Richman: AGU, Washington, D. C., USA; eos_ [email protected] Editors Christina M. S. Cohen: Wendy S. Gordon: Carol A. Stein: California Institute Ecologia Consulting, Department of Earth and of Technology, Pasadena, Austin, Texas, USA; Environmental Sciences, Calif., USA; wendy@ecologiaconsulting University of Illinois at cohen@srl .caltech.edu .com Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA; [email protected] José D. Fuentes: David Halpern: Department of Meteorology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pennsylvania State Pasadena, Calif., USA; University, University davidhalpern29@gmail Park, Pa., USA; .com [email protected] Editorial Advisory Board M. Lee Allison, Earth and Space Xin-Zhong Liang, Global Science Informatics Environmental Change Lora S. Armstrong, Volcanology, Jian Lin, Tectonophysics Geochemistry, and Petrology Figen Mekik, Paleoceanography Michael A. Ellis, Earth and Planetary and Paleoclimatology Surface Processes Jerry L. Miller, Ocean Sciences Arlene M. Fiore, Atmospheric Sciences Michael A. Mischna, Planetary Nicola J. Fox, Space Physics Sciences and Aeronomy Thomas H. Painter, Cryosphere Steve Frolking, Biogeosciences Sciences Edward J. Garnero, Study of the Roger A. Pielke Sr., Natural Hazards Earth’s Deep Interior Michael Poland, Geodesy 25 Michael N. Gooseff, Hydrology Eric M. Riggs, Education Kristine C. Harper, History Adrian Tuck, Nonlinear Geophysics of Geophysics Sergio Vinciguerra, Mineral Keith D. Koper, Seismology and Rock Physics Robert E. Kopp, Geomagnetism Earle Williams, Atmospheric 16–24 AGU News and Paleomagnetism and Space Electricity John W. Lane, Near-Surface Mary Lou Zoback, Societal Impacts Citations for and responses from Geophysics and Policy Sciences the 2014 AGU awardees and prize Staff winner who were honored at the Fall Production: Faith A. Ishii, Program Manager; Liz Castenson, Editor’s Assistant; Meeting in December. Valerie Bassett and Travis Frazier, Electronic Graphics Specialists Editorial: Randy Showstack, Senior Writer; Mohi Kumar, Science Writer/Editor; JoAnna Wendel, Writer; 25–27 Research Spotlight Marketing: Angelo Bouselli and Mirelle Moscovitch, Marketing Analysts Atmospheric Carbonyl Sulfide Hit Advertising: Christy Hanson, Manager; Tel: +1-202-777-7536; Email: advertising@ agu.org a Minimum 5000 Years Ago; How Solar Wind May Affect Weather and ©2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Material in this issue may be photocopied by individual scientists for research or classroom use. Permission Climate; Warming Hiatus Periods is also granted to use short quotes, figures, and tables for publication in scientific 27 to Become Increasingly Unlikely; books and journals. For permission for any other uses, contact the AGU Publications Satellite Imaging Improves Study Office. of Sinking River Deltas; Ancient Eos (ISSN 0096-3941) is published semi-monthly, on the 1st and 15th of the month ex- cept the 1st of January 2015 by the American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., On the Cover Earthquakes Made an Island Rise NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA. Periodical Class postage paid at Washington, D. C., and Fall. and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Member The otherworldly landscape Service Center, 2000 Florida Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA. of Ethiopia’s Dallol Basin, Member Service Center: 8:00 a.m.–6:00 p.m. Eastern time; Tel: +1-202-462-6900; a volcanic caldera in the 28–32 Positions Available Fax: +1-202-328-0566; Tel. orders in U.S.: 1-800-966-2481; Email: [email protected]. Afar Triangle, shows sulfur Current job openings in the Earth Use AGU’s Geophysical Electronic Manuscript Submissions system to submit a manuscript: http://eos-submit.agu.org. mounding on brine pools. What and space sciences. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect official positions of the did this landscape look like American Geophysical Union unless expressly stated. tens of thousands of years ago? Inside Back Cover: Christine W. McEntee, Executive Director/CEO Analysis of sediments yields clues. See page 12. Photo by Postcards from the Field Achilli Family, CC BY 2.0, http:// Sunrise in the Amazon: the view bit.ly/Dallolbrine. from a 50-meter tower north of Manaus. facebook.com/AmericanGeophysicalUnion @AGU_Eos linkedin.com/company/american-geophysical-union youtube.com/user/AGUvideos 2 // Eos 1 February 2015 NEWS Dealing with Ideological Opposition Common Ground with New Congress Jewell underscored the need to find common ground and work with those who hold strong Sought by Interior Secretary ideological opinions about climate change. She said that although some people may not agree on the origins of climate change, there could be agreement on how to deal with threats such as drought, wildfires, sea level rise, and the encroachment of salinity into freshwater supplies. Those concerns “are things that everybody can relate to because they are facts that are not refutable,” Jewell said. She added that building resilience to climate change could be one area of mutual interest. She noted the importance of “finding that common ground and not really duking it out over things where you’re probably never going to move their ideology.” She also emphasized the need to expose ideologically driven scientists whom she said leverage media to cast doubt on sound scien- tific data about climate change and other matters. She referenced Merchants of Doubt, a book and movie about this topic. “‘Merchants of doubt’ scientists [who] make a profession out of creating doubt need to be exposed for what they are doing because it impacts all people,” she said. Gary Wagner U.S. Secretary of the Interior Sally Jewell delivers the Union Agency Lecture at the 2014 AGU Fall Meeting. A New Moonshot Jewell, 58, recollected in her keynote speech the significance of the space race during her epublican control of both houses of forward creatively on climate change and childhood. “The moonshot we need to take Congress could lead to constructive other issues at a time when there are fiscal now is on climate change.” She said it is “the Rmeasures moving forward in the best challenges. She also noted the fundamental defining
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