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An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti
Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DER GRADES DES DOKTORS DER PHILOSOPHIE DER UNIVERSTÄT HAMBURG VORGELEGT VON YASIN MOHAMMED YASIN from Assab, Ethiopia HAMBURG 2010 ii Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti by Yasin Mohammed Yasin Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULITY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Supervisors Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff HAMBURG 15 December 2010 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my doctoral fathers Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit and Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff for their critical comments and kindly encouragement that made it possible for me to complete this PhD project. Particularly, Prof. Jakobeit’s invaluable assistance whenever I needed and his academic follow-up enabled me to carry out the work successfully. I therefore ask Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit to accept my sincere thanks. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus Mummenhoff and the association, Verein zur Förderung äthiopischer Schüler und Studenten e. V., Osnabruck , for the enthusiastic morale and financial support offered to me in my stay in Hamburg as well as during routine travels between Addis and Hamburg. I also owe much to Dr. Wolbert Smidt for his friendly and academic guidance throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. Special thanks are reserved to the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Hamburg and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) that provided me comfortable environment during my research work in Hamburg. -
Working Paper Or Information Paper
APIRG/19 WP/14 Appendix 3.2J INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION VOLCANIC ASH CONTINGENCY PLAN AFI REGION First Edition - October 2012 THIS DOCUMENT IS ISSUED BY THE DAKAR AND NAIROBI ICAO REGIONAL OFFICES UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE APIRG 1 Page 2 of 32 Volcanic Ash Contingency Plan – AFI Region FOREWARD Within and adjacent to the Africa and Indian Ocean (AFI) Region there are areas of volcanic activities which are likely to affect flight in the AFI Region. The major volcanoes in the region are located in the following States: Algeria, Cameroon, Cape Verde Islands, Chad, Comoros Island, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France (Reunion Island), Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Spain (Canary Islands, Madeira), Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. The names of the concerned volcano are listed in APPENDIX K (source: Smithsonian Institution). This document is the AFI Air Traffic Management (ATM) Volcanic Ash Contingency Plan which sets out standardised guidelines and procedures for the provision of information to airlines and en-route aircraft before and during a volcanic eruption. Volcanic contamination, of which volcanic ash is the most serious, is a hazard for safe flight operations. Mitigating the hazards posed by volcanic ash in the atmosphere and/or at the aerodrome cannot be resolved in isolation but through collaborative decision-making (CDM) involving all stakeholders concerned. During an eruption volcanic contamination can reach and exceed the cruising altitudes of turbine-powered -
Physical Map Unit
AfricaAnnabelle ate apples in the purple poppies. © 2015Physical Thomas Teaching Tools Map Annabelle ate apples in the purple poppies. © 2015 Thomas TeachingUnit Tools Thanks for Your Purchase! I hope you and your students enjoy this product. If you have any questions, you may contact me at [email protected]. © 2015 Thomas Teaching Tools © 2015 Thomas Teaching Tools Terms of Use This teaching resource includes one single-teacher classroom license. Photocopying this copyrighted product is permissible only for one teacher for single classroom use and for teaching purposes only. Duplication of this resource, in whole or in part, for other individuals, teachers, schools, institutions, or for commercial use is strictly forbidden without written permission from the author. This product may not be distributed, posted, stored, displayed, or shared electronically, digitally, or otherwise, without written permission of the author, MandyAnnabelle Thomas. ate Copying apples any in thepart purple of this poppies. product and placing it on the internet in any form (even a personal/classroom website) is strictly forbidden© 2015 Thomas and is a Teaching violation Toolsof the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). You may purchase additional licenses at a reduced price on the “My Purchases”Annabelle page of TpTate ifapples you wish in the to purpleshare withpoppies. your fellow teachers, department, or school. If you have any questions, you may contact me© 2015 at [email protected] Thomas Teaching Tools . Thanks for downloading this product! I hope you and your students enjoy this resource. Feedback is greatly appreciated. Please fee free to contact me if you have any questions. My TpT Store: https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Tho mas-Teaching-Tools © 2015 Thomas Teaching Tools © 2015 Thomas Teaching Tools Teaching Notes Planning Suggestions This map unit is a great addition to any study of Africa. -
Lipid Biomarker and Carbon Stable Isotope Survey on the Dallol Hydrothermal System in Ethiopia
ASTROBIOLOGY Volume 19, Number 12, 2019 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/ast.2018.1963 Lipid Biomarker and Carbon Stable Isotope Survey on the Dallol Hydrothermal System in Ethiopia Daniel Carrizo, Laura Sa´nchez-Garcı´a, Nuria Rodriguez, and Felipe Go´mez Abstract The remote Dallol Hot Springs, an active hydrothermal system in the volcanic region of Danakil (Ethiopia), is an interesting yet poorly studied polyextreme environment for investigating the limits of life. Here, we explored the presence of signs of life in five samples of sinter deposits at Dallol, by means of lipid biomarkers and stable isotope composition. The results reveal the existence of biological material with predominance of (presently or recently active) microbial sources, according to the relative abundance of low-over-high molecular weight moieties (n-alkanes, n-carboxylic acids, or n-alkanols), and the detection of diverse microbial-diagnostic compounds (i.e., monomethyl alkanes; C16:1 o7, C18:1 o9, C18:1 o10, C18:2 o6,9 and iso/anteiso C15 and C17 carboxylic acids; or short-chained dicarboxylic acids). The molecular lipid patterns at Dallol suggest a mi- crobial community largely composed of thermophilic members of the Aquificae, Thermotogae, Chroroflexi, or Proteobacteria phyla, as well as microbial consortia of phototrophs (e.g., Cyanobacteria-Chloroflexi) in lower- temperature and higher-pH niches. Autotrophic sources most likely using the Calvin cycle, together with the acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) pathway, were inferred from the depleted bulk d13C ratios (-25.9/-22.6&), while sulfate-reducing bacteria were considered according to enriched sulfate (7.3/11.7&) and total sulfur (20.5/ 8.2&) d34S ratios. -
How the Variety of Satellite Remote Sensing Data Over Volcanoes Can Assist Hazard Monitoring Efforts: the 2011 Eruption of Nabro Volcano T
Remote Sensing of Environment 236 (2020) 111426 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Remote Sensing of Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/rse How the variety of satellite remote sensing data over volcanoes can assist hazard monitoring efforts: The 2011 eruption of Nabro volcano T ∗ Gaetana Ganci , Annalisa Cappello, Giuseppe Bilotta, Ciro Del Negro Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania, Osservatorio Etneo, Catania, Italy ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Satellite remote sensing is becoming an increasingly essential component of volcano monitoring, especially at Lav@Hazard little-known and remote volcanoes where in-situ measurements are unavailable and/or impractical. Moreover HOTSAT the synoptic view captured by satellite imagery over volcanoes can benefit hazard monitoring efforts. By MAGFLOW monitoring, we mean both following the changing styles and intensities of the eruption once it has started, as Satellite remote sensing well as nowcasting and eventually forecasting the areas potentially threatened by hazardous phenomena in an Numerical modelling eruptive scenario. Here we demonstrate how the diversity of remote sensing data over volcanoes and the mutual interconnection between satellite observations and numerical simulations can improve lava flow hazard mon- itoring in response to effusive eruption. Time-averaged discharge rates (TADRs) obtained from low spatial/high temporal resolution satellite data (e.g. MODIS, SEVIRI) are complemented, compared and fine-tuned with de- tailed maps of volcanic deposits with the aim of constraining the conversion from satellite-derived radiant heat flux to TADR. Maps of volcanic deposits include the time-varying evolution of lava flow emplacement derived from multispectral satellite data (e.g. EO-ALI, Landsat, Sentinel-2, ASTER), as well as the flow thickness var- iations, retrieved from the topographic monitoring by using stereo or tri-stereo optical data (e.g. -
Plate Kinematics of the Afro-Arabian Rift System with an Emphasis on the Afar Depression
Scholars' Mine Doctoral Dissertations Student Theses and Dissertations Fall 2012 Plate kinematics of the Afro-Arabian Rift System with an emphasis on the Afar Depression Helen Carrie Bottenberg Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/doctoral_dissertations Part of the Geology Commons, and the Geophysics and Seismology Commons Department: Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Recommended Citation Bottenberg, Helen Carrie, "Plate kinematics of the Afro-Arabian Rift System with an emphasis on the Afar Depression" (2012). Doctoral Dissertations. 2237. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/doctoral_dissertations/2237 This thesis is brought to you by Scholars' Mine, a service of the Missouri S&T Library and Learning Resources. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. iii iv PLATE KINEMATICS OF THE AFRO-ARABIAN RIFT SYSTEM WITH EMPHASIS ON THE AFAR DEPRESSION, ETHIOPIA by HELEN CARRIE BOTTENBERG A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the MISSOURI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS 2012 Approved by Mohamed Abdelsalam, Advisor Stephen Gao Leslie Gertsch John Hogan Allison Kennedy Thurmond v 2012 Helen Carrie Bottenberg All Rights Reserved iii PUBLICATION DISSERTATION OPTION This dissertation has been prepared in the style utilized by Geosphere and The Journal of African Earth Sciences. Pages 6-41 and Pages 97-134 will be submitted for separate publications in Geosphere and pages 44-96 will be submitted to Journal of African Earth Sciences iv ABSTRACT This work utilizes the Four-Dimensional Plates (4DPlates) software, and Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) to examine plate-scale, regional- scale and local-scale kinematics of the Afro-Arabian Rift System with emphasis on the Afar Depression in Ethiopia. -
Lineament Mapping in North Ghoubbet (Tadjoura, Djibouti)
REPUBLIQUE BUNDESREPUBLIK DE DJIBOUTI DEUTSCHLAND Office Djiboutien de Bundesanstalt für Développement de Geowissenschaften und l’Énergie Géothermique Rohstoffe (BGR) (ODDEG) Hannover Djibouti Regional Project Geothermal Energy East Africa Lineament Mapping in North Ghoubbet (Tadjoura, Djibouti) Alina Ermertz Remote Sensing Working Group BGR Hannover, October 2020 Lineament Mapping in North Ghoubbet (Tadjoura, Djibouti) Author Alina Ermertz (BGR) Project Number 2016.2066.5 BGR Number 05-2392 Project Partner Office Djiboutien de Développement de l’Énergie Géothermique (ODDEG) Pages 31 Place and date of issuance Hannover, October 2020 Lineament Mapping in North Ghoubbet (Tadjoura, Djibouti) Abbreviations List of figures Summary Table of Contents 1 Scope of the Work ...........................................................................................................1 2 Geothermal Exploration in the Republic of Djibouti .......................................................... 2 3 Working Area ..................................................................................................................3 4 Geology & Plate Tectonic Setting .................................................................................... 4 4.1 Geology of the Afar Triangle ..................................................................................... 4 4.2 Geology in North Ghoubbet ...................................................................................... 7 5 Lineament Analysis ...................................................................................................... -
Vicente De Gouveia Et Al 2018.Pdf
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 487 (2018) 210–220 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth and Planetary Science Letters www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl Evidence of hotspot paths below Arabia and the Horn of Africa and consequences on the Red Sea opening ∗ S. Vicente de Gouveia a, , J. Besse a, D. Frizon de Lamotte b, M. Greff-Lefftz a, M. Lescanne c, F. Gueydan d, F. Leparmentier e a Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, UMR CNRS 7154, 1 rue Jussieu, 75252 Paris 05, France b Département Géosciences et Environnement, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Cergy-Pontoise, France c Total EP, Pau, France d Géosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5243, Montpellier, France e Total EP, Paris La Défense, France a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Rifts are often associated with ancient traces of hotspots, which are supposed to participate to the Received 11 December 2017 weakening of the lithosphere. We investigated the expected past trajectories followed by three hotspots Received in revised form 25 January 2018 (Afar, East-Africa and Lake-Victoria) located around the Red Sea. We used a hotspot reference frame Accepted 29 January 2018 to compute their location with respect to time, which is then compared to mantle tomography Available online xxxx interpretations and geological features. Their tracks are frequently situated under continental crust, which Editor: R. Bendick is known to strongly filter plume activity. We looked for surface markers of their putative ancient Keywords: existence, such as volcanism typology, doming, and heat-flow data from petroleum wells. -
Geotouristic Attractions of the Danakil Depression Katarzyna Cieśluk1, Mirosław T
Geotourism 1(36) 2014: 33–42 http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geotour.2014.36.33 Geotouristic attractions of the Danakil Depression Katarzyna Cieśluk1, Mirosław T. Karasiewicz1*, Zdzisław Preisner2 1 Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Earth Sciences, ul. Lwowska 1, 87–100 Toruń; *e-mail: [email protected] 2Toruń School of Banking, ul. Młodzieżowa 31a, 87–100 Toruń Introduction The Danakil Valley occurs in The Afar Triangle, within The Great Rift Valley, on north-east Ethiopian, south-east Eritrean and west Djiboutian territories. It is an enormous unsettled area with barren soil. From the North to the South it is about 570 km long, and its width varies from 80 to 400 km (covering an area~200000 km2 – Beyene, Abdel- salam, 2005). Most of it lies below sea level. It also has the deepest depression of the African continent, the shoreline of lake Asal reaching 155 m b.s.l. (Waltham, 2010, but Mo- rell, 2012–156 m b.s.l.). Its geological, climatic, cultural Abstract: Geotourists and unconventional tourists will be definite- and landscape features are unique on a global scale. Hot ly interested in the Danakil Valley. It is rarely visited place but ab- sulphur springs, multicolour salt and mineral crusts, rifts, solutely extraordinary in many ways. It is in an area of divergence faults, black lavas, vaporous geysers and active volcanos of lithosphere plates and, therefore connected to that, seismic and create one of the most weird and beautiful landscapes volcanic activity can be observed. Stunning terrain forms, geo- on Earth. logical structures, colours and diversity seem to be unreal. -
Volcanic Ash Contingency Plan
Draft AFI VACP, Version XX VOLCANIC ASH CONTINGENCY PLAN — AFRICA AND INDIAN OCEAN REGION Proposed improvements to AFI VACP Edition XX — September 2017 AFI VOLCANIC ASH CONTINGENCY PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................................. 4 1. VOLCANIC ASH HAZARD ................................................................................................................ 5 2. REGIONAL PREPARATION ............................................................................................................. 7 2.1 INTERNATIONAL AIRWAYS VOLCANO WATCH (IAVW) .................................................... 7 2.2 INFORMATION FLOW .................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 INFORMATION CONTROL ............................................................................................................ 8 2.4 AIRSPACE MEASURES ................................................................................................................... 8 2.5 AIR TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT – ATFM ......................................................................... 9 2.6 CRISIS MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS ............................................................................... 9 2.7 TRAINING AND EXERCISING ....................................................................................................... 9 2.8 REGULATIONS, MEANS OF COMPLIANCE AND GUIDANCE -
May 24Th Brought Suffering, Oppression and Humiliation to Afar
May 24th brought Suffering, Oppression and Humiliation To Afar People Of Horn Of Africa. President Isaias Afwerki: Straw That Broke The AFAR Camel’s Back. Since it’s inception President Issayas Afewerki's one-party military machine has transgressed and violated every rule on human rights. The Regime has rejected every attempt by International Communities for dialogue on human rights and rejected any scrutiny of violations. "The government's refusal of openness and accountability about its human rights practices is contrary to human rights safeguards in the Eritrean Constitution and laws, and the international human rights treaties Eritrea ratified," Torture, killing, arbitrary detention, "disappearances" and ill-treatment of political prisoners have become entrenched in Eritrea, Amnesty International said in it’s new report, Eritrea:' You have no right to ask' - Government resists scrutiny on human rights. Who are AFAR People? The Afar is the earliest people to live in the Horn of Africa. They claim to be the descendents of Noah's son Ham. Ham was the second son of the biblical Noah. "Afar is the origin of human species". "Afar People are The Cradle of Humankind". It is believed that the first human civilization of Africa was most likely started in the coastal area of Afar land of the Red Sea. The Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs called the Afar country as a land of gods, Punt, and a land of Genesis, a land of nonsense by Parisian, a land of remote and death by British, a region of Birthplace of Humankind" (WIC- 2003). It is also geographically known as the Afar Triangle, Afar Danakil Depression or Afar Desert. -
USGS Open-File Report 2009-1133, V. 1.2, Table 3
Table 3. (following pages). Spreadsheet of volcanoes of the world with eruption type assignments for each volcano. [Columns are as follows: A, Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World (CAVW) volcano identification number; E, volcano name; F, country in which the volcano resides; H, volcano latitude; I, position north or south of the equator (N, north, S, south); K, volcano longitude; L, position east or west of the Greenwich Meridian (E, east, W, west); M, volcano elevation in meters above mean sea level; N, volcano type as defined in the Smithsonian database (Siebert and Simkin, 2002-9); P, eruption type for eruption source parameter assignment, as described in this document. An Excel spreadsheet of this table accompanies this document.] Volcanoes of the World with ESP, v 1.2.xls AE FHIKLMNP 1 NUMBER NAME LOCATION LATITUDE NS LONGITUDE EW ELEV TYPE ERUPTION TYPE 2 0100-01- West Eifel Volc Field Germany 50.17 N 6.85 E 600 Maars S0 3 0100-02- Chaîne des Puys France 45.775 N 2.97 E 1464 Cinder cones M0 4 0100-03- Olot Volc Field Spain 42.17 N 2.53 E 893 Pyroclastic cones M0 5 0100-04- Calatrava Volc Field Spain 38.87 N 4.02 W 1117 Pyroclastic cones M0 6 0101-001 Larderello Italy 43.25 N 10.87 E 500 Explosion craters S0 7 0101-003 Vulsini Italy 42.60 N 11.93 E 800 Caldera S0 8 0101-004 Alban Hills Italy 41.73 N 12.70 E 949 Caldera S0 9 0101-01= Campi Flegrei Italy 40.827 N 14.139 E 458 Caldera S0 10 0101-02= Vesuvius Italy 40.821 N 14.426 E 1281 Somma volcano S2 11 0101-03= Ischia Italy 40.73 N 13.897 E 789 Complex volcano S0 12 0101-041