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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, SAN MARCOS Latino superintendents’ identities: A critical study of cultural, personal, and professional worlds A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Education in Educational Leadership by Narciso Iglesias Committee in charge: California State University, San Marcos Professor Patricia Prado-Olmos, Chair Professor Juan Necochea University of California, San Diego Professor Claire Ramsey 2009 Copyright Narciso Iglesias, 2009 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Narciso Iglesias is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Chair University Of California, San Diego San Diego State University California State University, San Marcos 2009 iii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to the five Latino men that shared their life experiences with me, without you, this dissertation would not be. iv EPIGRAPH There are many reasons for why a man does what he does. To be himself he must be able to give it all. If a leader cannot give it all he cannot expect his people to give anything. ~ Cesar Chavez People who have lost their hunger for justice are not ultimately powerful. They are like sick people who have lost their appetite for what is truly nourishing. Such sick people should not frighten or discourage us. They should be prayed for along with the sick people who are in the hospital. The love for justice that is in us is not only the best part of our being but it is also the most true to our nature. ~ Cesar Chavez When any person suffers for someone in greater need, that person is a human. ~ Cesar Chavez v TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature page ................................................................................................... iii Dedication .......................................................................................................... iv Epigraph ............................................................................................................. v Table of contents ............................................................................................... vi List of figures .................................................................................................... xi List of tables ..................................................................................................... xii Acknowledgements ......................................................................................... xiii Vita .................................................................................................................. xiv Abstract of the Dissertation ............................................................................. xvi Chapter I ............................................................................................................. 1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 1 Issues and concerns ....................................................................................... 2 Negotiating identities ...................................................................................... 5 Purpose of the study ....................................................................................... 7 Research question ........................................................................................... 9 Significance of study .................................................................................... 10 Personal interest ............................................................................................ 10 Chapter II .......................................................................................................... 13 vi Overview of critical race theory ................................................................... 14 Basic tenets of CRT ...................................................................................... 15 Critical race theory as qualitative methodology ........................................... 16 Critical race theory in education ................................................................... 17 Application of critical race theory to study latino superintendents .............. 19 Latino ethnic identity development experiences .......................................... 22 Figured worlds, simultaneous, multiple and mestiza identities .................... 26 Overview of socialization ............................................................................. 31 Educational socialization .............................................................................. 33 Superintendent socialization ......................................................................... 35 Mentoring ..................................................................................................... 40 Social justice ................................................................................................. 46 Resiliency ..................................................................................................... 49 Summary ....................................................................................................... 50 Chapter III ........................................................................................................ 51 Critical race theory and qualitative methods ............................................... 51 Overview of the methodology ...................................................................... 52 Collecting and analyzing data ...................................................................... 54 Research questions ....................................................................................... 56 Research design ............................................................................................ 57 Research chronology .................................................................................... 60 Participation selection .................................................................................. 61 vii Instrumention ................................................................................................ 63 Data collection .............................................................................................. 64 Data anaylsis ................................................................................................. 65 Researcher context ........................................................................................ 67 Positionality .................................................................................................. 67 Entry ............................................................................................................. 68 Methodological limitations ........................................................................... 69 Summary ....................................................................................................... 69 Chapter IV ........................................................................................................ 71 Introduction .................................................................................................. 72 Participants profiles ...................................................................................... 73 Results .......................................................................................................... 77 Personal understanding ................................................................................. 78 Educational placement. ............................................................................. 78 Strong educational drive. .......................................................................... 81 Family. ...................................................................................................... 84 Sports and coaching. ................................................................................. 87 Cultural influences ........................................................................................ 93 Migrant lives. ............................................................................................ 94 English speaking fathers. .......................................................................... 96 Pride in culture. ........................................................................................ 96 Overcoming obstacles. ........................................................................... 100 viii Professional experiences ............................................................................ 103 Role models. ........................................................................................... 104 Parents. ............................................................................................... 105 Teachers and principals. ..................................................................... 108 Organizational influences. .................................................................. 116 Mini-Corps. .................................................................................. 116 Church and other youth organizations. ......................................... 119 Boys and girls clubs. ..................................................................... 120 Multiple and concurrent opportunities. .................................................. 121 College transition. ..............................................................................