'We All Need Constant Change': the Oxford

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

'We All Need Constant Change': the Oxford EuroJTh (2000) 9:2, 171-185 0960-2720 • 'We All Need Constant Change': The Oxford Group and Mission in Europe in the 1930s • « Nous avons tous besoin de changement constant » : le Groupe d 'Oxford et la mission en Europe dans les annees trente • 'Wir brauchen alle regelmiissig Veriinderung': Die Oxford Bewegung und Mission in Europa in den dreissiger Jahren des 20 Jahrhunderts • I. Randall, Prague RESUME ['evangelisation personnelle, est alors largement passe de mode. Le Groupe d'Oxford, connu par la suite L'auteur etudie les causes du succes sous le nom de " rearmement moral ", est du groupe d 'Oxford dans les annees un reseau evangelique informel qui est ne trente et s'efforce de montrer que sa en Angleterre dans les annees vingt, et croissance dans toute l 'Europe a ete due a qui s'est rapidement repandu en Europe son attachement a la tradition et au-dela dans les annees trente. Le chef evangelique au sein de laquelle il etait de file du groupe etait Frank Buchman ne, en meme temps qu 'a sa capacite (1876-1961), et le groupe avait pour mot d'adapter cette tradition a la lumiere de d'ordre ce que Buchman appelait le la modernite. Le Groupe a associe les "changement de maniere de vivre ».Le convictions evangeliques a un interet Groupe etait un mouvement croissant pour les relations missionnaire, une expression nouvelle de interpersonnelles, l'expression de soi, la la vieille tradition revivaliste. Il a eu une therapie et des styles de vie non influence enorme dans les annees trente, institutionnels. ce qui donne un exemple de la capacite C'est a partir de 1920 que Buchman a du christianisme europeen a s 'engager de commence a mettre en avant son idee de mC!n~ere re~ouvelee dans l'entreprise vies changees en Angleterre. Il avait eu mlsswnnalre. quelques contacts avec des etudiants Au milieu des annees trente, le Groupe evangeliques conservateurs de l 'union s'est livre a une activite d'evangelisation chretienne de l'universite de Cambridge. qui, pour sa plus grande part, s'est La base s'est ensuite deplacee a Oxford, et deroulee a l 'interieur des denominations c'est pourquoi le mouvement a ete appele existantes en Europe, plus le Groupe d 'Oxford a partir de 1928. Il particulierement en Grande Bretagne, attirait les responsables d'eglise, les dans les pays scandinaves, en Allemagne professeurs, les etudiants et d'autres et aux Pays Bas. Puis, en 1938, lorsque le personnes, a Oxford et ailleurs, qui mouvement a pris le nom de etaient frustres par certains aspects de la " rearmement moral », sa principale vie des eglises et qui recherchaient une preoccupation est devenue la mise en experience spirituelle plus authentique. cause des dictatures politiques en Europe, Au debut des annees trente, dans le le national socialisme et le communisme, cadre des ecoles d'Oxford, de grandes et l'objectifpremier du mouvement, reunions du Groupe se tinrent dans les EuroJTh 9:2 171 • 1. Randall • maisons. En 1933, elles comptaient cinq Bible et de /'engagement dans le service. mille participants. Parmi eux, beaucoup Buchman a volontairement far;onne son consideraient que leur temps a Oxford les mouvement de maniere a ce qu 'il so it en preparaient a s'impliquer pour faire phase avec les orientations de l'epoque. changer la vie en Europe et au-dela. Les On s'y preoccupait de questions qui membres du Groupe s'engageaient par interessaient beaucoup de gens: les exemple comme delegues aux rencontres besoins personnels profonds, la quete de la Ligue des nations a Geneve. C.J. religieuse, l'interet pour les media, le Hambro, qui {ut president du parlement chomage et le rearmement. de Norvege et deux fois president de De diverses manieres, le Groupe l'assemblee de la Ligue des nations, etait d 'Oxford des annees trente a prepare la un partisan du Groupe. voie aux evolutions du monde Le Groupe a exerce une influence evangelique en Europe a partir des considerable dans les pays scandinaves. annees soixante. Cela apparaU par Frederik Ramm, un journaliste exemple dans sa spiritualite norvegien de reputation internationale, charismatique, son desir d'ceuvrer au est passe par un changement profond et sein de differentes denominations, sa s'est ensuite implique dans des mobilisation de tous et sa promotion de mouvements d'etudiants en Norvege, chants nouveaux. ainsi que dans des efforts de Lors d'une rencontre a Visby en 1938, reconciliation entre la Norvege et le Buchman insista sur le caractere Danernark. Plusieurs haul responsables insuffisant du reveil. Il appela les gens de l 'Eglise lutherienne etaient des de divers pays qui se tenaient dans la partisans du Groupe et se sont trouves cathedrale de cette cite ancienne a aller ainsi proches les uns des autres. de l'avant, pour" batir une philosophie Le Groupe a affirme et re-interprete les chretienne qui transformera l 'Europe » et implications, en terme de changement de a decouvrir l 'experience de la croix. Cette maniere de vivre, du message de la experience faite, affirma-t-il " vous ne conversion, de la croix, de l'autorite de la reculerez devant rien "· ZUSAMMENFASSUNG In der Mitte der dreissiger Jahre {and Gegenstand dieses Beitrags ist die ein Grossteil der evangelistischen Oxford Bewegung (spiiter bekannt als Aktivitiit der Bewegung innerhalb 'Moral Re-Armament', 'moralische bestehenden denominationellen Lebens in Wiederaufriistung'), ein informelles Europa statt, besonders in England, evangelikales Netzwerk, das in den Skandinavien, Deutschland und den zwanziger Jahren in England entstand Niederlanden. Spiitestens seit 1938, als und sich schnell in den dreissiger Jahren die Gruppe begann, fiir eine 'moralische in Europa und anderswo verbreitete. Der Wiederaufriistung' zu werben (der Leiter der Gruppe war Frank Buchman Begriffwurde in dem Jahr offiziell (1878-1961), und die Gruppe fiihlte sich iibernommen), konzentrierte sich die dem verpflichtet, was Buchman als Gruppe primar auf die Herausforderung 'Lebens-Veriinderung' bezeichnete. Die der politischen Diktatoren Europas - Gruppe war eine missionarische Nationalsozialismus und Kommunismus Bewegung, die einen zeitgenossischen - und die fruhere Identifikation als Ausdruck einer iilteren erwecklichen Bewegung fur personliche Evangelisation Tradition darstellte. Der betriichtliche verschwand grosstenteils im Einfluss der Oxford Bewegung in den Hintergrund. dreissiger Jahren ist ein Beispiel dafiir, Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Grunde wie die europiiische Christenheit zu einer fur den Erfolg der Oxford Bewegung in Erneuerung ihrer Mission fiihig gewesen den dreissiger Jahren. Es wird ist. argumentiert, dass ihr Wachstum quer 172 EuroJTh 9:2 • 'We All Need Constant Change': The Oxford Group and Mission in Europe in the 1930s • durch Europa auf ihrem Vermogen Frederik Ramm, ein international beruhte, mit der evangelikalen Tradition, angesehener norwegischer Journalist, aus der sie kam, verbunden zu bleiben, erfuhr einschneidende sowie diese Tradition im Lichte der Lebensveranderungen und engagierte Moderne zu bearbeiten. sich besonders unter norwegischen Wie David Bebbington gezeigt hat, Studenten und fur die Versohnung verband die Bewegung den zwischen Norwegen und Danemark. Evangelikalismus mit dem wachsenden Mehrere Leiter der lutherischen Kirche Interesse an interpersonellen unterstutzten die Bewegung, was in Beziehungen, Ausdruck der eigenen engeren Kontakten zwischen ihnen Personlichkeit, Therapie und nicht­ resultierte. Die lebensverandernde institutionellen Lebensentwurfen. Botschaft von Umkehr, des Kreuzes Von 1920 an begann Buchman, sein Christi, der Autoritat der Bibel und des Konzept von verandertem Leben in aktiven Dienstes wurde von der Gruppe England umzusetzen. Er hatte seine gleichzeitig verteidigt als auch re­ ersten Kontakte in England zu interpretiert. Buchman formte die konservativen evangelikalen Studenten Bewegung bewusst im Gesprach mit den in der College-ubergreifenden Stromungen der Zeit. Die Gruppe christlichen Vereinigung der Universitat befasste sich mit Angelegenheiten, die fur Cambridge. Der Standort wurde dann viele Menschen von Interesse waren­ nach Oxford verlegt, und seit 1928 wurde tiefe personliche Bedurfnisse, religiose die Bewegung 'Oxford Group' genannt. Suche, das Interesse an Massenmedien, Die Bewegung erwies sich als attraktiv Arbeitslosigkeit und 'moralische fur leitende kirchliche Mitarbeiter, Wiederaufrustung '. Auf verschiedene Akademiker, Studenten und andere in Weise nahm die Oxford Bewegung in den Oxford und anderswo, die angesichts dreissiger Jahren evangelikale mancher Aspekte des bestehenden Entwicklungen in Europa in den kirchlichen Lebens frustriert waren und sechziger Jahren und daruber hinaus nach authentischer geistlicher Erfahrung vorweg. Dies ist beispielsweise in ihrer suchten. charismatischen Spiritualitat, ihrer Anfang der dreissiger Jahre gab die Bereitschaft, innerhalb verschiedener Bewegung in Oxfords Colleges grosse Denominationen zu arbeiten, ihrer Hausfeste. 1933 kamen 5000 Teilnehmer. Mobilisation der Laien und ihrer Viele der Anwesenden sahen ihre Zeit in Forderung neuen Liedgutes sichtbar. Oxford als Vorbereitung fur spateres Auf einem Hausfest in Visby im Jahre Engagement fur 'Lebens-Veranderung' 1938 bestand Buchman darauf, dass in Europa und daruberhinaus. Erweckung nicht genug sei. Er forderte Gruppenmitglieder waren beispielsweise Teilnehmer aus verschiedenen Landern unter den Delegiert(m bei Treffen der bei einer Versammlung in der Kathedrale Liga der Nationen in Genf aktiv. C. J. dieser alten Hansestadt heraus, 'eine Hambro, Prasident des norwegischen christliche
Recommended publications
  • The Anonymous Groups
    The Enduring Legacy: the anonymous groups The apology that launched a million amends By Jay Stinnett, Los Angeles July 27th, 2008, marked the 100th anniversary of Frank Buchman’s Spiritual Awakening – one that directly linked him to the cofounders of AA. As a young man Buchman gave everything he had to establishing a shelter for homeless boys in the slums of Philadelphia. The shelters success surpassed his budget and the six-member board of directors insisted that he cut the amount of food being given to his charges. He quit instead of cutting back. Resentment consumed him. His family despaired that he might not come to his senses. His work was destroyed by what he saw as the short-sightedness of others. His health was well past the breaking point. “Everywhere I went, I took me with me,” he later said. During a trip to recuperate in Europe, he exhausted the funds his father gave him and existed on the kindness of his family and the generosity of acquaintances. Tired and dejected he went to an Evangelical Conference in Keswick, England, hoping to connect with F.B. Meyer, a famous minister he knew, for spiritual help. Meyer was not in attendance; another plan gone awry. July 27, 1908, thirty year-old Frank Buchman, a Pennsylvanian Lutheran Minister, walked into an afternoon service with 17 other people to hear Jessie Penn Lewis preach on the cross of Christ. And then it happened. As Buchman sat in that Chapel, “There was a moment of spiritual peak of what God could do for me.
    [Show full text]
  • View of the Essentials of Group Cohesion
    ABSTRACT THE SPIRITUAL DYNAMIC IN ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS AND THE FACTORS PRECIPITATING A.A.’S SEPARATION FROM THE OXFORD GROUP by Andrew D. Feldheim Alcoholics Anonymous has grown since the mid-1930’s from a loose cohesion of individuals seeking recovery to iconic status as a paradigmatic self-help organization. Few people among the many familiar with A.A. are aware of its genesis from a popular Christian evangelical organization called the Oxford Group. This paper charts the course of A.A. from its Oxford Group roots, both in terms of historical development and the evolution of the spiritual dynamic that served as the functional nexus for both organizations. This paper also addresses key differences in the agendas of both groups that eventually necessitated their separation, as well as the questionable assumption that Alcoholics Anonymous is the more “secular” of the two. THE SPIRITUAL DYNAMIC IN ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS AND THE FACTORS PRECIPITATING A.A.’S SEPARATION FROM THE OXFORD GROUP A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Comparative Religion By Andrew Feldheim Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2013 Advisor ________________ Elizabeth Wilson Reader _________________ Peter Williams Reader ___________________ SCott Kenworthy TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………1 Chapter 1: History of the Oxford Group………………………………………………………3 Chapter 2: The Development of Alcoholics Anonymous……………………………...13 Chapter 3: The Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions……………………………………32 Chapter 4: Response to an Anticipated Objection and Closing Remarks……..45 ii Introduction Most people have heard of Alcoholics Anonymous, as well as many of the “spin offs” from this group, like Narcotics Anonymous and Overeaters Anonymous.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr. Frank Buchman Founder of the Oxford Group Dr
    Dr. Frank Buchman Founder of the Oxford Group Dr. Frank Buchman & Conrad Adenauer First page “What Is The Oxford Group” description Assorted Oxford Group books. Oxford Group Book 2 Oxford Group Books: A.J. Russell For Sinners Only and V.C. Kitchen I Was A Pagan Rowland H. (left), wife and son. Rowland carried the Oxford Group message to Ebby. Cebra Graves Ebby was released from court to Rowland H. and Cebra’s care Dr. Carl Jung Carl Jung’s Modern Man in Search of a Soul William James Father of American Psychiatry William James Book Varieties of Religious Experience Ebby carried this book to Bill at Townes Hospital The Common Sense of Drinking by Richard Peabody Once an alcoholic, always an alcoholic Half measures availed us nothing 1932 Akron newspaper article on the Oxford Group. Frank Buchman is in the picture. Frank Buchman and 60 members of the Oxford Group invited to Akron by Harvey Firestone Reverend Sam Shoemaker With the Calvary Church, and head of the Oxford Group in U.S. Calvary Episcopal Church – 21st Street and Park Avenue South. Headquarters of the Oxford Group. Bill W. went to Oxford meetings before the founding of A.A. Calvary House adjacent to the Calvary Episcopal Church Entrance to the street mission Bill and Ebby Ebby carried “The Message” to Bill Bill and Lois’s house, 182 Clinton Street, Brooklyn A note from Bill to Ebby “Wishes for a Merry Christmas and thanks.” Dr. Leonard Strong – A.A. trustee and brother-in-law of Bill Wilson. Townes Hospital located at Central Park West and 89th Street NYC.
    [Show full text]
  • 1964 the Witness, Vol. 49, No. 41. December 10, 1964
    The WITNESS DECEMBER 10, 1964 10* publication. and Editorial reuse for Reconciliation is Biblical Religion required Permission DFMS. / Articles Church Mission Opportunity in the City Episcopal John Heuss the of What Can We Then Believe? Archives 2020. Leslie J. A. Lang Copyright A House Wife Prays Jean Sims NEWS FEATURES: Vatican Council Great Success. Modern Parishes Are Not So Hot SERVICES The Witness SERVICES In Leading Churches For Christ and His Church In Leading Churches EDITORIAL BOARD NEW YORK CITY CHRIST CHURCH THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH JOHN MCGIIX KRUMM, Chairman CAMBRIDGE, MASS. OF ST. JOHN THE DIVINE W. B. SPOFFOOD SR., Managing Editor The Rev. Gardiner M. Day, Rector Sunday: Holv Communion 7, 8, 9, 10, Morn- EDWARD J. MOHB, Editorial Assistant ing Prayer, Holy Communion and Ser- Sundav Services: 8:00, 9:30 and 11:15 a.m. mon. 11; Evensong and sermon, 4. O. SYDNEY BARB: LEE A. BELFORD: KENNETH Wed. and Holy Days: 8:00 and Morning Praver and Holy Communion 7:15 R. FORBES; ROSCOE T. FOUST; RICHARD E. 12:10 p.m. (and 10 Wed.); Evensong, 5. GARY; GORDON C. GRAHAM; DAVID JOHNSON; HAROLD R. LANDON; LESLIE J. A. LANG; CHRIST CHURCH, DETROIT ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S CHURCH BENJAMIN MIKXFIE; W. NORMAN PIT- TENGER; WILLIAM STRINGFELLOW. 976 East Jefferson Avenue Park Avenue and 51st Street The Rev. William B. Sperry Rector Rev. Terence J. Finlay, D.D. EDITORIALS: — The Editorial Board holds 8 and 9:30 a.m. Holy Communion 9:30 and monthlv meetings when current issues before 8 and 9 a.m. Holy Communion (breakfast 11 a.m.
    [Show full text]
  • 1968 the Witness, Vol. 53, No. 19. May 9, 1968
    The WITNESS MAY 9, 1968 10* publication. and Editorial reuse for The Wilderness and the City required Permission Articles DFMS. / Church The Great Forty Days John C. Leffler Episcopal the of Dealing with Conflict Archives Alfred B. Starratt 2020. Copyright NEWS: —- Rustin Sees Elections Key to Race Relations. Bishop Robinson Has Ideas on Picking Church Leaders. U.S. Problems Worry Europeans Says Visser 't Hooft SERVICES The Witness SERVICES In Leading Churches For Christ and Hit Church In Leading Churches NEW YORK CITY EDITORIAL BOARD ST. STEPHEN'S CHURCH Tenth Street, above Chestnut THB CATHEDRAL CHURCH JOHN MoGnx KBUMM, Chairman PHILADELPHIA, PBICNA. OF 8T. JOHN THB DIVINB The Rev. Alfred W. Price, D.D., Ro Sunday: Holy Communion 8, 9, 10, Morniag W. B. Sponois SB., Managing Editor The Rev. Gustav C. MecJiHng, BJ3. Prayer, Holy Communion and Sermon. 11; Minister to the Hard of Hearing Organ Recital, 3:30; Evensong, 4. EDWARD J. Mora, Editorial Assistant Sunday: 9 and 11 a.m. 7:30 p.m. Morning Prayer and Holy Communion 7:1J O. STDNBT lUan; Ln A. BSLFOBD; ROSCOB Weekdays: Mon., Tues., Wed., Thus* M, (and 10 Wed.); Evening Prayer, 3:30. 12:30 - 12:55 p.m. T. FotlBT; RlGHABD E. GABT; GOBSOIf C. Services of Spiritual Healing, Thurs. 12:30 and 5:30 p.m. THE PARISH OF TRINITY CHURCH GBAHAM; DAVID JOHNSON; HABOLD R. LAK- TRINITY CHRIST CHURCH DON LBSUB }. A. LANO; BENJAMIN Broadway & Wall St. CAMBRIDGE, MASS. Rev. John V. Butler, D.D., Rector WILLIAM STBXNOVBLLOW. Th» Rev. W. Murray Kenney, Rector Rev. Donald R.
    [Show full text]
  • Coventry Diocesan Board of Finance Limited
    COVENTRY DIOCESAN BOARD OF FINANCE LIMITED REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for the year ended 31 December 2016 Company Registered Number: 319482 Registered Charity Number: 247828 COVENTRY DIOCESAN BOARD OF FINANCE LIMITED REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for the year ended 31 December 2016 Coventry Diocesan Board of Finance Limited: serving the Diocese of Coventry The Diocese of Coventry is one of 42 dioceses in the Church of England. Re-founded in 1918 but with a history dating back to 658, the diocese has an overall population of approximately 900,000 and covers an area of just under 700 square miles, covering Coventry, most of Warwickshire and a small part of Solihull. The diocese is sub-divided into 11 areas called deaneries and, overall, includes 200 parishes. Some parishes have more than one church - the diocese has 238 churches open for public worship. The diocese has one Cathedral – The Cathedral Church of St Michael, Coventry. Each diocese is led by a Diocesan Bishop. The Right Reverend Doctor Christopher Cocksworth became Bishop of Coventry in 2008. Shortly after his installation he re-affirmed the diocesan mission as one of worshipping God, making new disciples and transforming communities. The diocesan strategy to achieve this is by focussing on eight qualities essential for healthy growing churches: empowering leadership; gift-orientated ministry; passionate spirituality; inspiring worship; holistic small groups; need-orientated outreach; loving relationships; and functional structures. The Coventry Diocesan Board of Finance Limited (“the DBF”) was established under the Diocesan Boards of Finance Measure 1925 and is both a company limited by guarantee and a registered charity.
    [Show full text]
  • Faith for an Ideological Age
    Journal of Eastern Christian Studies 61(3-4), 265-287. doi: 10.2143/JECS.61.3.2046975 © 2009 by Journal of Eastern Christian Studies. All rights reserved. FAITH FOR AN IDEOLOGICAL AGE THE MORAL AND RELIGIOUS IDEAS OF SEMYON FRANK AND FRANK BUCHMAN PHILIP BOOBBYER* INTRODUCTION The challenge of secular ideology in recent centuries has given rise to various forms of religious humanism that have sought to synthesise a Christian per- spective with social and political concerns. In the mid-20th century, religious thinkers sought alternatives to fascism, communism and materialistic capital- ism, as well as calling for reconciliation and reconstruction in a war-torn world. Two contrasting, yet at the same time intriguingly similar figures, the Russian philosopher, Semyon Liudvigovich Frank (1877-1950), and the American spiritual leader, Frank Buchman (1878-1961), are the focus of this study. Although from a Jewish background, Semyon Frank was a convert to Orthodoxy. One of Russia’s so-called “legal Marxists”, he became a promi- nent intellectual opponent of revolutionary socialism, and was amongst the elite group of thinkers exiled from the USSR in 1922 on the so-called “phi- losophy steamer”.1 In exile he warned of the threats to Western democracy from both communism and materialism, and formulated, particularly in the 1940s, a social and political philosophy rooted in religious principles.2 Frank Buchman, the founder of the movement known as the Oxford Group and then Moral Re-Armament, came from a very different background. Born into a Lutheran, Pennsylvania Dutch family, he was shaped by the culture of East Coast American evangelism, as well as the Keswick movement.
    [Show full text]
  • What's What in Aa History
    PLACES & THINGS IN AA HISTORY (Many heartfelt thanks go out to Archie M., who compiled this!!!) REFERENCES: (A) ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS COMES OF AGE (AA) (B) BILL W. by Robert Thomsen (C) CHILDREN OF THE HEALER by Bob Smith & Sue Smith Windows as told to P. Christine Brewer (D) DR. BOB AND THE GOOD OLD TIMERS (AA) (E) A.A. EVERYWHERE ANYWHERE (AA) (G) GRATEFUL TO HAVE BEEN THERE by Nell Wing (H) THE LANGUAGE OF THE HEART (AA) (L) LOIS REMEMBERS by Lois Wilson (N) NOT-GOD by Ernest Kurtz (P) PASS IT ON (AA) (S) SISTER IGNATIA BY Mary C. Darrah (SM) THE SERVICE MANUAL (AA) (TC) TWELVE CONCEPTS FOR WORLD SERVICE (AA) (W) A.A., THE WAY IT BEGAN by Bill Pittman (Note: Each snippet is referenced: example (B 147)=Bill W. page 147, (N 283)=Not-God page 283,(P 111)=Pass It On page 111.) 1st psychiatrists recognize A.A.'s effectiveness Dr. Harry Tiebout (A 2) (E 19) (G 66) (H 369) 1st Trustees Frank Amos (G 92) 1st 3 Steps culled Bill's reading James, teaching Dr. Sam Shoemaker & Oxford Group; 1st Step dealt calamity & disaster, 2nd admission defeat 1 could not live strength own resources, 3rd appeal Higher Power help (P 199) 1st 13th step Lil involved 13th step Victor former Akron mayor (D 97) 1st A.A. archivist Nell Wing (E 78) 1st A.A. Cleveland group meeting May 12, 1939 home Abby G. Cleveland Heights Cleveland, 16 members (A 21) (N 78) (S 32) 1st A.A. clubhouse 334 1/2 24th Street, 1940, old Illustrators Club (A viii,12,180) (B 304) (G 86) (H 47,147) (L 127,172) 1st A.A.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Roman Catholics in Alcoholics Anonymous
    CHESNUT — FATHER ED DOWLING — PAGE 1 September 3, 2011 The First Roman Catholics in Alcoholics Anonymous Glenn F. Chesnut Alcoholics Anonymous was founded in 1935 by two men, Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith, who had been brought up as Protestants, and specifically, as New England Congregationalists. In spite of the fact that Congregationalism’s roots had lain in seventeenth and eighteenth-century Puritanism (the world of Jonathan Edwards’ “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter) this was a denomination which had developed and changed to the point where they very strongly took the liberal side—not the fundamentalist side—in the great fundamentalist-liberal debate which arose within early twentieth-century American Protestantism. In 1957 (two years after AA’s “coming of age” at its St. Louis convention) the Congregationalists united with another modernist mainline American denomination to form the extremely liberal United Church of Christ. At the time they first met, in 1935, Bill W. and Dr. Bob had both recently become involved with a controversial Protestant evangelical association called the Oxford Group, and initially worked with alcoholics under its umbrella. Nevertheless, both of them (as well as the majority of the alcoholics whom they sobered up during the first few years) came from liberal Protestant backgrounds, so a kind of generalized liberal Protestant influence rapidly became just as important as that of the Oxford Group. And contact with the New Thought movement (especially Emmet Fox) introduced an even more radical form of liberal Protestantism which was also a force in early AA.
    [Show full text]
  • WAB: the Oxford Group/Moral Re-Armament Records, 1931-1961 2
    The Burke Library Archives, Columbia University Libraries, Union Theological Seminary, New York William Adams Brown Ecumenical Archives Group Finding Aid for The Oxford Group/Moral Re-Armament Records, 1931-1961 “You Can Defend America” Songbook WAB: OGMRA Records, Box 4, Folder 3, The Burke Library at Union Theological Seminary, Columbia University in the City of New York. Finding Aid prepared by: Sarah Davis and Brigette C. Kamsler, March 2014 With financial support from the Henry Luce Foundation Summary Information Creator: The Oxford Group/Moral Re-Armament/Frank Buchman (1878-1961) Title: The Oxford Group/Moral Re-Armament Records Inclusive dates: 1931-1961 Bulk dates: 1944-1959 Abstract: The Oxford Group was the parent company of Moral Re-Armament (MRA), an organization/movement that sought to defend America and the nation’s freedoms through a resurgence of morality. Collection contains pamphlets, newspaper articles, advertisements, and other materials related to spreading the MRA message. Size: 4 boxes, 1.75 linear feet Storage: Onsite storage Repository: The Burke Library Union Theological Seminary 3041 Broadway New York, NY 10027 Email: [email protected] WAB: The Oxford Group/Moral Re-Armament Records, 1931-1961 2 Administrative Information Provenance: The papers are part of the William Adams Brown Ecumenical Library Collection, which was founded in 1945 by the Union Theological Seminary Board of Directors. Access: Archival papers are available to registered readers for consultation by appointment only. Please contact archives staff by email to [email protected], or by postal mail to The Burke Library address on page 1, as far in advance as possible Burke Library staff is available for inquiries or to request a consultation on archival or special collections research.
    [Show full text]
  • Sobriety Variety Pages
    Sobriety Variety Pages VOLUME 7, ISSUE 10 OCTOBER 2007 long form of tradition 10 No A.A. group or member should ever, in such a way as to implicate A.A., ex- press any opinion on outside controversial issues-particularly those of politics, alcohol reform, or sectarian religion. The Alcoholics Anonymous groups op- pose no one. Concerning such matters they can express no views whatever. step 10 Continued to take personal inventory and when we were wrong promptly admitted it. service concept 10 Every service responsibility should be matched by an equal service authority — the scope of such authority to be always well defined whether by tradition, by resolution, by specific job description or by appropriate charters and bylaws. P A G E 2 letter from the editor This month’s issue focuses on the 10th step, tradittraditionion and service concept. We hope you enjoy the information and activities each month. We also hope you will pass your copy on to an alcoholic who has not read Sobriety Variety Pages and send us your thoughts and ideas at [email protected]. If you or a friend would like to receive a PDF version by email each month just drop us a line at our email address. As always, thanks to the volunteers that “carry thethe message” by answering the intergroup phones and working in a myriad of ways to keep our groups and service structure on the move. Yours in Service, the beginning of Alcoholics Anonymous American understanding of alcoholism in the 1930s “… the only Public opinion in post-Prohibition 1930s America saw alcoholism as a moral failing, and possibility for a the medical profession saw it as a condition that in many cases was incurable and lethal.
    [Show full text]
  • 'On Very Slippery Ground'; 1 the British Churches, Archbishop F
    Revised version accepted by Contemporary British History on ‘On very slippery ground’; 1 The British churches, Archbishop Fisher, and the Suez crisis * This article examines the reactions of the churches to the Suez crisis, focusing in particular on the leadership of the Church of England. It argues that the fact of religious establishment required a response from the Archbishop of Canterbury who proved a surprisingly robust critic of the military intervention, albeit at the cost of alienating many in the pews. Whilst making use of his access to political elites, he nonetheless remained keen to work with other church leaders in developing a shared critique based on rejection of the use of force and Britain’s right to be judge in its own case, instead stressing the need for an international resolution of the crisis. Yet as the crisis developed it became apparent that church leaders were not always able to speak for church members, who were as bitterly divided as the rest of society over both the specific issue and the wider argument how best to respond to Britain’s declining role in the world. This in turn presaged future debates, as increasingly specialist church agencies and religious leaders found themselves taking positions on social and political affairs that were often at odds with those of many within their own constituencies. Keywords: Suez crisis, churches, Archbishop of Canterbury, war, Middle East 1 In a joint statement issued on 20 February 2003 the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Rowan Williams, and the leader of Britain’s Roman Catholics, Cardinal Cormac Murphy O’Connor, suggested that the moral case for a military attack on Iraq had not been made.
    [Show full text]