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Bioremediation: Assessment of Microbial Strain and Cost Estimations for the Rejuvenation of Tilyar Lake, India

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Bioremediation: Assessment of Microbial Strain and Cost Estimations for the Rejuvenation of Tilyar Lake, India International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology Volume 10 Issue 4, 20-29, Oct-Dec 2020 ISSN: 2249 – 0183 /doi:10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V10I4P603 © 2020 Seventh Sense Research Group® Bioremediation: Assessment of Microbial Strain and Cost Estimations for the Rejuvenation of Tilyar Lake, India Neeraj Gahlawat1, Sanjay Kumar Koli2, Uma Shanker*3 1Project Officer, Technical & Spokesman, National Mission for Clean Ganga, Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation, New Delhi-110001, India 2Trainee Engineer, Air Lab, Delhi Pollution Control Committee, New Delhi-110006, India *3Corresponding author – Trainee Engineer, Delhi Pollution Control Committee, Government of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi-110006, India Abstract - The quality/portability of water that is important property of bioremediation is that it is carried consumed defines the baseline of protection against many out in a non-sterile environment that comprises a lot of diseases and infections. The present study aimed to microorganisms (Ahmed et al., 2015). Microorganisms calculate the monthly variation of physicochemical have enzyme systems to degrade and utilize diesel oil parameters of Tilyar Lake and the most suitable microbial as a source of carbon and energy (Ijah and Antai, strain for the survival of aquatic life. Water samples were 1988; Ezeji et al., 2005; Antai and Mgbomo) collected from each sampling station and analyzed for Bioremediation is a pollution treatment expertise that uses estimation of pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Chemical biological systems to catalyze the destruction such as oxygen demand (COD), Biological oxygen demand (BOD), pesticides (Naphade et. al,2013) or transformation of Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Phosphate (PO 3-), Nitrate (NO – 4 3 various chemicals, to less harmful forms thus organic ). During the study 12 different microbial strains have wastes are organically degraded under controlled been selected from which Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain was found to be the most effective and consumes less conditions to levels (NITHYA SREENIVASAN, dissolved oxygen as compared to 11 different microbial PRAVEEN KUMAR G, SUNEETHA V, 2015) below strains. Pseudomonas aeruginosa can work at a wide concentration limits established by regulatory authorities range of temperatures and consumption of DO is least as (McCutcheon, Medina, and Larson 2004). Bioremediation compared to the other 11 microbes during the experiments, is a technology that utilizes the metabolic potential of the total of 138 liters of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sample living organisms (yeast, fungi, or bacteria) to clean up needs to be added at a rate of 35.71µl/l (V/V). contaminated environments by degrading the hazardous substances into less toxic, yeast and fungi release high- Keywords - Microbial Strains, Bioremediation, affinity iron-binding compounds that chelate iron. The Fe3+ Biotechnology, Water Treatment, Lake Rejuvenation. chelates are formed outside the cell walls and are taken up by the cells. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, elimination of I. INTRODUCTION metals is done by their precipitation as sulfides e.g. Cu2+ is About 97% of the earth’s surface in the oceans and seas precipitated as CuS. The best-known example of and about 2% of water is locked in the polar ice caps and microbial metal metabolism is the mining microbe glaciers, while only 1% is available as fresh water in the Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. These bacteria and other allied rivers, lakes, streams, and groundwaters for human species derive energy by using metallic sulphides. consumption. The quality of this 1% of water is deteriorating due to heavy pollution stresses from Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Citrobacteia, suppressing anthropogenic activities rapidly. Several Klebsilla, and Rhodococcus are organisms that are degraded water bodies pose serious water scarcity commonly used in bioremediation mechanisms (Connors problems (Sharma 2015). and Barnsley 1982). These mechanisms include Bioremediation is relatively a new technology that uses bioaugmentation, in which microbes and nutrients are microbes to degrade organic matter (Sumit Pal and added to the contaminated site, and biostimulation, in which nutrients and enzymes are added to supplement the Vimala Y, 2012) and has undergone more intense intrinsic microbes of the site. It was concluded that it is investigation in recent decades due to contamination and obligate aerobe (Pseudomonas species) and ability to release of toxic compounds into the water bodies from grow on different substrates; the minimum nutrient rapid industrialization and urbanization (Adnan et al. concentration required for their growth is also very low, 2013). Biological treatment methods using bacterial and also found that Pseudomonas aeruginosa can adapt and fungal decolorization, adsorption by bacterial and well in different nutrient conditions (Fulekar and Geetha fungal biomass (Ramachandran et al.,2013). One 2008). It is possible to extract the enzymes in the lab and This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Neeraj Gahlawat et al. / IJBTT, 10(4), 20-29, 2020 they can be used on the contaminated sites to speed up the degradation of organic matter at a wide range of biodegradation process. Similarly, Aspergillus niger temperature and consumes less dissolved oxygen for the secretes enzymes which can absorb Zinc and Copper ions further natural treatment of the lake water. (Price, Classen, and Payne 2001). Most of the biological methods are used in treating wastewater and oil spills. It III. MATERIAL AND METHODS was found that bioremediation can be applied to eat up the A. Study Area oil up to 70% in just 3 weeks (Hozumi, Tsutsumi, and The Tilyar Lake has been selected for the study located Kono 2000). Using scale-up techniques, Bacillus special, at geographical coordinates (28°52′53 N, 76°38′12″ E) in Pseudomonas special, and Streptomyces sp. can be used in Rohtak district of Haryana (India) as shown in fig 1. and bioremediation of pesticide cypermethrin up to a situated 5 km from Rohtak city (Singh and Laura 2012). concentration of 100 mg/L (Boricha and Fulekar 2009). Lake Complex is spread in 132 acres of area (Tyor and Bacillus sp. can decolorize the distillery effluent up to 22% Tanwar, 2013). Tilyar Lake has stagnant and forms a where Pseudomonas aeruginosa can remove the color up to flawless green belt in the surrounding area and is used for 67%. 1% glucose as carbon and energy source is to be entertaining activities (Juneja and Choudhary, 2018). added in case of Bacillus sp. (Mohana, Desai, and There is a tourist resort called the Tilyar Resort near the Madamwar 2007)( Shah Maulin P,2017). lake that has a restaurant, a zoo, shops, a bar, and a children’s park. Tilyar Lake has been described in table 1. II. OBJECTIVE AND NOVELTY The objective of this study is to determine the physicochemical parameters of Tilyar Lake and the microbial strain which is paramount suitable for Fig 1: Geographical Mapping of Tilyar Lake. TABLE I (latitude/longitude) Information about Tilyar Lake (Format for details is as 4 Lake type Artificial per NLCP Guidelines, 2008) 5 Area, acres (Full 22.1 acres General water level) 1 Name of the water Tilyar Lake 6 Mean depth, m (Full 3.01 m body water level) 2 Location (Describe; Tilyar Lake, Rohtak, Hydrology Name, nearest Haryana 1 Source of water Rainfall Town, District & (inflow) Canal (Bhalot minor) State) 2 Outflow, if any Two pumps were 3 Geographical co- Latitude 28°52′53 N (describe) installed in September ordinates Longitude 76°38′12″ E 2012 of 1 cusec 21 Neeraj Gahlawat et al. / IJBTT, 10(4), 20-29, 2020 capacity each. Reptiles. 3 Water level changes Not Available 3 Name important/ 34 species of birds out (annual), meters rare/ endemic/ of which 5 are 4 Does the lake dry Rarely exotic species migratory birds. out completely? Functions and values 5 Has sewer been No sewer is discharged 1 Water used for Conservation of provided to the lake. biodiversity. 6 Sewage treatment Not Available Recreation (tourism). 7 Solid waste disposal Visitors throw solid 2 Use of biological Fish in the lake (if any) waste in the lake. resources 8 Describe any The lake serves tourism 3 Functions of lake Groundwater recharge. prominent/special purposes besides Tourism: Local & features conserving the aquatic National. rich biodiversity. Supports Biodiversity. Water quality and pollution Major problems 1 Sources Silt in inlet water 1 Observed Problems Reduction in-depth Other (solid waste). (siltation) 2 Level Inlet water is very Pollution of lake water turbid especially during by tourists the monsoon period. Aquatic Weeds 3 Trophic status Appears to be Excessive load on oligotrophic, but more agricultural water. data is required. Bio-Diversity B. Sampling Collection and Analysis of Water 1 Aquatic plants Submerged. Five sampling sites within the lake were selected for Emergent. water sampling. All the samples were brought in duplicate Free-floating. to minimize the analysis errors. The adopted five sampling 2 Aquatic Animals Zooplankton. sites within the lake are shown in fig 2 and the water Algae. samples were analyzed for BOD, COD, DO, pH, Fish. Conductivity, TDS, Phosphate, Nitrate, and Turbidity has been discussed in table 2. Fig 2: Sampling locations 22 Neeraj Gahlawat et al. / IJBTT, 10(4), 20-29, 2020 IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION mg/L as the permissible limit for TDS in absence of an A. Physicochemical Parameters alternate source of drinking water. The guideline is not health-based but based on palatability. TDS in the river a) pH varies from 94.3 mg/L to 126.9 mg/L. The monthly It is one of the most important water quality parameters variation of pH, EC, TDS, and turbidity are shown in due to the effect on the performance of treatment units and figure 3. supply lines. It plays an important role in clarification and disinfection. BIS has a prescribed permissible limit of 6.5- d) Turbidity 8.5. The pH value of river samples in the study area was in Turbidity may be caused by inorganic or organic the range of 8.1 to 8.8.
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