MARTIN LUTHER AND THE REFORMATION 07

Use the information in this page to understand the consequences (or results) of the Reformation.

3 2 Europe Divided Wars of Religion Europe was divided into Conflict over religion led to Catholic and Protestant civil wars in countries such countries. Southern Europe as France, Germany (the Holy 1 Catholic Counter-Reformation remained largely Catholic, Roman Empire) and England. The Catholic Church reformed and Northern Europe Religious conflict sometimes itself to counter the spread of became Protestant. led to wars between countries. the Protestant religions. This Conflict between Spain and happened through the Council England was caused partly by of Trent, the establishment of religion, and this led to the new religious orders and the failed invasion of England by setting up of the Inquisition. the Spanish Armada. The Thirty Years War, from 1618 to 1648, was a major religious war, which involved most of the main countries of Europe.

Results of the Reformation

6 Education Education became more 4 important. The Protestant Intolerance and Persecution churches wanted everyone Catholics persecuted Protestants, to read the Bible. Protestant and Protestants persecuted leaders wanted all children Catholics. Rulers believed that to attend school. only those of the same religion as themselves could be loyal 5 subjects. Art and Architecture In England, Mary Tudor executed Protestant churches were plain, about 300 people as heretics. without statues or stained glass. Because of this, Protestants Catholic churches were built in nicknamed her ‘Bloody Mary’. Her the Gothic or Renaissance style, half-sister, Elizabeth I, executed and were often richly decorated. about 200 Catholics. A new artistic style, the Baroque, gave expression to this. This influenced painting, architecture, sculpture and music.

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