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For PCM Circulation INDEX For PCM Circulation INDEX GS - PAPER - I ANTI-DEFECTION LAW & ROLE OF SPEAKER EARTHQUAKES IN INDIA # Parliament 35 #Important Geophysical phenomena04 SAANSAD ADARSH GRAM YOJANA (SAGY) MALABAR REBELLION OF 1921 # Legislature Powers 37 #Modern Indian history07 US PAUSE ON H1B VISA: IMPACT ON INDIA MAMALLAPURAM TRADE LINKS WITH # International Relations 40 CHINA AND OTHER COUNTRIES # Indian Culture 10 RIC TRILATERAL MEET 2020 # Global Groupings 43 ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA # Indian Culture 13 BANNING CHINESE IMPORTS: IMPACT IN INDIA SEABED 2030 PROJECT # Bilateral Relations 45 # Resource Mapping 14 INTERSTATE MIGRANT WORKERS - LEGAL GS - PAPER - II STRUGGLE # Social Justice 48 EXPANSION PROPOSAL OF G7 GROUP # International Institution s17 PM CASES FUND IS NOT A PUBLIC AUTHORITY UNDER RTI ACT UNIVERSAL BASIC INCOME # RTI 50 # Welfare Schemes 20 AP GOVT TO REISTRATE ITS STATE ONE SUN ONE WORLD ONE GRID ELECTION COMMISSIONER # Global Groupings 23 # Judgement & State Election Commission 52 WHO WILL RULE INDIAN OCEAN AMID RESERVATION IS A NOT A FUNDAMENTAL GEOPOLITICAL SHIFT? RIGHT # Indian Culture 24 # Supreme Court Judgemen t54 INDIA - NEPAL RELATIONS INNTER LINE PERMIT TO ASSAM # India and Neighborhood relations 28 # Sixth Schedule 56 VAN DHANYOJANA CIVIL SERVICES BOARD # Government Schemes 29 # Role of Civil Services 58 INDIA’S NON-PERMANENT SEAT AT THE INDIA - AUSTRALIA VIRTUAL SUMMIT UNSC # Bilateral Relations 60 # International Institution s31 Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aramias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com AFGHANISTAN PEACE PROCESS AND INDIA JAL JEEVAN MISSION # International Relations 63 # Government Schemes 101 OPEN SKIES TREATY QUANTUM COMMUNICATION # International Relations66 # Technology 105 DECARBONIZING TRANSPORT IN INDIA GS - PAPER - III # Environmental Pollution 107 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN INDIA # Information Technology 68 NEED FOR A COMPREHENSIVE CYBERSECURITY STRATEGY HYDROPOWER IN INDIA # Cyber Security 109 # Energy 72 ‘COUNTRY OF ORIGIN’ ON GEM PORTAL SIXTH MASS EXTINCTION OF SPECIES # Portal 113 # Environmental Conservation 75 GROWING PRIVATE ROLE IN SPACE NEAR-EARTH OBJECTS (NEOS) # Space 116 # Space 78 DRAFT ENVIRONMENT IMPACT RISING FOREX RESERVES AMID ASSESSMENT NORMS 2020 COVID-19 ECONOMIC CRISIS # Environment Impact Assessmen t120 # External Sector 80 ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE FOR SELF FLATTENING THE CLIMATE CURVE RELIANT INDIA # Environmental Conservation 83 # Indian Economy 124 THE DEBATE OVER GM SEEDS IN INDIA BAD BANKS - BENEFITS AND CONCERNS # Biotechnology 86 # Bank 127 PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN INDIA SOCIAL STOCK EXCHANGE # Infrastructure 89 # Stock Market 130 KISAN CREDIT CARDS CONSOL BONDS # Direct and Indirect farm subsidies 91 # Government Bonds 132 GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP ON ARTIFICIAL APMC REFORMS - A CRITIQUE INTELLIGENCE (GPAI) # Agri Marketing134 # Information Technology 94 GS - PAPER - IV LAND USE DEGRADATION # Environmental Degradation 96 ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS (JUNE 5TH WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY) REFORMS IN INDIA’S COAL SECTOR # Ethics 136 # Energy 98 PANDEMIC: IMPACT ON WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT #Ethics 138 Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aramias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com GS - I - Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location - changes in critical geographical features (including water bodies and ice -caps) and in ora and fauna and the effects of such changes. & GS - II Disaster and disaster mana gement. 1. EARTHQUAKES IN INDIA Context: An earthquake of magnitude 2.1 was detected near Delhi recently. It was the eleventh minor earthquake recorded in and around Delhi since May, the most powerful of which happened to be of magnitude 3.4. About an Earthquake Measurement of Earthquake It is shaking or trembling of the earth surface Richter scale causing energy to release suddenly. The magnitude scale is known as the Richter scale. An earthquake can range from a faint tremor The magnitude relates to the energy to a wild motion capable of shaking building released during the quake. apart. The magnitude is expressed in Minor tremors caused by gentle waves of absolute numbers, 0-10. vibration within the earth s crust occur every Mercalli scale few minutes. The intensity scale is named after Major earthquakes, usually caused by Mercalli, an Italian seismologist. movement along faults, can be very The intensity scale takes into account disastrous particularly in a densely populated the visible damage caused by the area. event. Earthquakes themselves may cause only The range of intensity scale is from 1- restricted damage in the regions of occurrence, 12. but their aftershocks can be very catastrophic. An aftershock is an earthquake of the smaller magnitude that occurs after the main shock. They are also known to cause Tsunami waves . Earthquakes are by far the most unpredictable and highly destructive of all the natural disasters. It not only damages and destroys the settlements, infrastructure etc. but also result in loss of lives of men and animals Earthquake-prone zones in India The Indian subcontinent has suffered some of the deadliest earthquakes globally, with more than 60% of its land area prone to shaking of intensity VII and above on the Modiied Mercalli Intensity scale. The Modiied Mercalli (MM) intensity, which measures the impact of the earthquakes on the surface of the earth, broadly associated with various zones Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aramias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com The Himalayan belt is particularly susceptible to earthquakes exceeding 8.0 magnitude, with Jammu and Kashmir considered extremely vulnerable. Apart from these regions, the central-western parts of India, particularly Gujarat and Maharashtra have also experienced some severe earthquakes. Bureau of Indian Standards, based on the past seismic history, grouped the country into four seismic zones, viz. Zone II, III, IV and V. Of these, Zone V is the most seismically active region, while zone II is the least. The current division of India into earthquake-prone zones does not use Zone I. A total of 768 earthquakes of magnitude 3.0 and above were located by the National Seismological Network from 2017 to January 31, 2020 There were 226 earthquakes in 2017, 203 in 2018, and 309 earthquakes in 2019. Earthquakes of magnitude 4 and above nearly doubled from 78 in 2018 to 159 in 2019 Causes of earthquakes Plate Movements: Folding, faulting and displacement of rock strata, up warping and down warping of crust are some of the main causes of earthquakes. Volcanic eruptions: The violent volcanic eruptions put even the solid rocks under great stress. It causes vibrations in the earth s crust. But, these earthquakes are limited to the areas of volcanic activity such as the circum-paciic ring of ire and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Forces within the earth: Gaseous expansion and contraction within the earth can cause stress in strata which build up over time and is released suddenly in the form of earthquakes. Exogenic forces: An earthquake may also be caused due to landslide and collapse of cave or mines etc. which can cause a sudden release in energy. Man-made causes: These may range from dam building, mining, dredging, road building, drilling etc. Effects of the earthquakes Damage to property: When an earthquake occurs, all buildings from cottage to palaces and stronger skyscrapers are greatly damaged or totally destroyed. Loss of lives: Duration of tremors of an earthquake is normally of only a few seconds, but thousands of people may die in this short period. More than 25,000 people died in Gujarat earthquake of 2001. Floods: Flood may result as an indirect consequence of an earthquake due to dam or levee failure. Changes in river courses: Sometimes river channels are blocked or their courses are changed due to the impact of the earthquake. Tsunamis: Tsunamis are extremely high sea wave caused by an earthquake. Soil liquefaction: Soil liquefaction occurs when, because of the shaking, water- saturated granular material (such as sand) temporarily loses its strength and transforms from a solid to a liquid. Landslides and Avalanches: landslides and avalanches may be triggered due to an earthquake. Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aramias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com Fires: Earthquakes can cause ires by damaging electrical power or gas lines. It may also become dificult to stop the spread of a ire once it has started. Conclusion Earthquakes is a natural disaster which are not predictable. The only solution to minimize the loss of lives and properties is the effective preparedness against the earthquake. Practice Question Assess India’s vulnerability to Earthquak e Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aramias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com 2. MALABAR REBELLION OF 1921 Context: A new ilm project, Variyamkunnan, on Variyamkunnath Kunhamed Haji, the main protagonist of the Malabar Rebellion of 1921 who was executed by the British has sparked a controversy. Malabar Rebellion of 1921 Malabar Rebellion of 1921 was the culmination of a series of riots by Moplahs (Muslims of Malabar) in the 19th and early 20th centuries against the British and the Hindu landlords in Malabar (Northern Kerala). The resistance which started against the British colonial rule and the feudal system later ended in communal violence between Hindus and Muslims. The Moplah Rebellion or the Malabar Rebellion was an extended version of the Khilafat Movement in Kerala
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