ENCANTAMENTO” E DESENCANTAMENTO DO MUNDO No Universo Criativo De BREAKING the WAVES De LARS VON TRIER

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ENCANTAMENTO” E DESENCANTAMENTO DO MUNDO No Universo Criativo De BREAKING the WAVES De LARS VON TRIER UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS LARISSA MALFATTI VIEIRA “ENCANTAMENTO” E DESENCANTAMENTO DO MUNDO no universo criativo de BREAKING THE WAVES de LARS VON TRIER CAMPINAS 2018 LARISSA MALFATTI VIEIRA “ENCANTAMENTO” E DESENCANTAMENTO DO MUNDO no universo criativo de BREAKING THE WAVES de LARS VON TRIER Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Sociais, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para obtenção de título de Mestra em Sociologia. Orientador: MÁRIO AUGUSTO MEDEIROS DA SILVA ESTE EXEMPLAR CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DA DISSERTAÇÃO DEFENDIDA PELA ALUNA LARISSA MALFATTI VIEIRA, E ORIENTADA PELO PROF. DR. MÁRIO AUGUSTO MEDEIROS DA SILVA. CAMPINAS 2018 Agência(s) de fomento e nº(s) de processo(s): CNPq, 131773/2015-1 ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5374-1959 Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca do Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Paulo Roberto de Oliveira - CRB 8/6272 Vieira, Larissa Malfatti, 1989- V673e Vie"Encantamento" e desencantamento do mundo no universo criativo de Breaking the waves de Lars von Trier / Larissa Malfatti Vieira. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2018. VieOrientador: Mário Augusto Medeiros da Silva. VieDissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Vie1. Weber, Max, 1864-1920. 2. Trier, Lars von, 1956-. 3. Cinema. 4. Racionalização. 5. Teoria Social. I. Silva, Mário Augusto Medeiros da, 1982-. II. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. III. Título. Informações para Biblioteca Digital Título em outro idioma: "Enchantment" and disenchantment of the world in the creative universe of Breaking the waves by Lars von Trier Palavras-chave em inglês: Cinema Rationalization Social Theory Área de concentração: Sociologia Titulação: Mestra em Sociologia Banca examinadora: Mário Augusto Medeiros da Silva [Orientador] Michel Nicolau Netto Anderson Ricardo Trevisan Data de defesa: 27-11-2018 Programa de Pós-Graduação: Sociologia Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS A Comissão julgadora dos trabalhos de Defesa de Dissertação de Mestrado, composta pelos Professores Doutores a seguir descritos, em sessão pública realizada em 27/11/2018, considerou a candidata Larissa Malfatti Vieira aprovada. Prof. Dr. Mário Augusto Medeiros da Silva Prof. Dr. Michel Nicolau Netto Prof. Dr. Anderson Ricardo Trevisan A Ata de Defesa, assinada pelos membros da Comissão Examinadora, consta no processo de vida acadêmica do (a) aluno(a). Dedico esta pesquisa às mulheres que encantaram minha experiência no mundo e ao meu marido, que traz ao dia-a-dia esse mesmo tipo de sutileza, Elisabeth Luiza Malfatti Vieira, Priscila Malfatti Vieira Corilow e Camilo Moreira Corilow. AGRADECIMENTOS, Ao Mistério, que me permitiu, embora a contragosto, o privilégio de durante o desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa, apreciar a passagem qualitativa do tempo e fugir ao peso de ter que dar conta dela no tempo “certo”. Ao impacto que o nascimento da pequena Flora, o casamento com o Camilo e a mudança de endereço trouxeram. Ao meus pais, por tornarem possível esse tempo de desenvolvimento acadêmico, num país onde direitos são entendidos como privilégios e o mérito promete engolir algumas das tentativas mais hercúleas reduzindo tudo a nada, vocês cruzaram a linha de várias exceções que confirmam essa regra e o fizeram com todo afeto, não só como uma condição objetiva, ou pela minha “necessidade”. À minha irmã que desbravou o mundo acadêmico antes de mim. Me esperava com um suco e um salgado logo que eu descia do ônibus que vinha do Colégio Técnico de Limeira, me levando ‘clandestinamente' para assistir a disciplina de história da arte de Jorge Coli. Às vezes, mesmo com a fascinação que aquele novo mundo despertava, o cansaço ganhava e eu ferrava no sono, mas acho que o interesse por cinema e por outras coisas importantes foram despertadas ali. Bons tempos! Ao Camilo pelas inúmeras refeições preparadas, louças lavadas, e jornadas de trabalho dobradas para que essa pesquisa fosse possível, seu amor caiu na rotina, destruindo qualquer conotação ruim que essa frase poderia ter. Aos seus abraços e consolo dos soluços nervosos: “- Falta só mais um pouquinho, meu amor!”, - “O que quer comer pra se alegrar?” À sobrinha Flora, que teve de ser ninada, trocada, banhada e amada nos momentos em que “eu não tinha tempo” para nada disso. Aos amigos sinceros do IFCH Maria Caroline Tresoldi e Ângelo Augusto. Aos amigos da CEU (Comunidade do Estudante Universitário), tão chegados quanto irmãos. Ao meu orientador Mário Augusto Medeiros da Silva, pelas leituras atentas, pelas tardes de conversas produtivas, pela compreensão tão cheia de humanidade com que escolheu tratar das necessidades dessa pesquisa. Por cultivar em mim a desconfiança de que a pesquisa ia bem, embora eu custasse a acreditar, sempre apontando para as conquistas dela, trazendo uma medida equilibrada do que elas representavam. E pelos riscos que assumiu ao dar liberdade para que a pesquisa seguisse o rumo que tomou. À Mariana Miggiolaro Chaguri e ao Anderson Ricardo Teixeira, que tanto enriqueceram esse trabalho, desde a concepção de seu projeto até sua versão final. Ao Michel Nicolau Netto pela leitura arguta e precisa que deram ao texto final contornos sociológicos mais definidos. Ao CNPq, pela concessão da bolsa que tornou possível a aquisição de alguns volumes preciosos a elaboração dessa pesquisa e a manutenção financeira das necessidades dela. ‘O homem, meus amigos, disse o general Loewenhielm, é frágil e tolo. A todos já nos foi dito que a graça divina se encontra por todo o universo. Mas em nossa tolice e miopia humanas, imaginamos ser a graça finita. Por esse motivo, trememos… Nunca, até aquele momento, o general afirmara que tremia; ficou genuinamente surpreso e até chocado de ouvir a própria voz proclamar o fato. “Trememos antes de fazer nossas escolhas na vida e após tê-las feito trememos de medo de ter escolhido errado. Mas eis que chega o momento em que nossos olhos estão abertos e vemos e percebemos que a graça é infinita. A graça, meus amigos, não exige nada de nós senão que a aguardemos com confiança e a reconheçamos com gratidão. A graça, irmãos, não impõe condições e não escolhe nenhum de nós em particular; a graça nos toma a todos em seu seio e proclama anistia geral. Vejam! Aquilo que escolhemos nos é dado e aquilo que recusamos nos é igualmente, e ao mesmo tempo, concedido. Sim, que o que rejeitamos seja copiosamente vertido sobre nós. Pois que a misericórdia e a verdade encontraram uma à outra e a retidão e a bem-aventurança beijaram uma à outra!” Karen Blixen, em A Festa de Babette RESUMO O universo de criação de Breaking the waves (1996) é analisado detalhadamente, com o suporte de seu roteiro e mantendo seu diálogo com o contexto maior de sua produção: a trilogia Coração de ouro do cineasta dinamarquês Lars von Trier. O filme, foi entendido como obra, cujo conteúdo estético extrapola a dimensão do artístico e se configura como locus privilegiado de uma reflexão contemporânea sobre questões que, na Sociologia Clássica, foram teorizadas por Max Weber a partir dos conceito de desencantamento do mundo e de suas reflexões sobre a ética da fraternidade, esta última, conceituada através do amor místico acósmico cujos impulsos sociais seriam avessos à formação do “espírito” capitalista, mas surgiriam em respostas a ele, mantendo certa afinidade com a experiência da igreja primitiva. A leitura de elementos internos à Breaking the waves, possibilitou pensa-lo numa aproximação com o conjunto analítico de Weber, como frutífera para a interpretação do significado do filme para a contemporaneidade. Essa forma de leitura foi estendida ainda a três filmes, dois do dinamarquês Carl Theodor Dreyer e um do sueco Ingmar Bergman. Através do imaginário de Dies Irae (1943), Ordet (1955) e O sétimo selo (1957), foi possível fazer uma escavação mais profunda do tema desencantamento do mundo, dentro do contexto maior do cinema escandinavo, onde ele também era apreciável e por isso mantinha muitas afinidades elucidativas com Breaking the waves. A partir de um percurso interno à filmografia de Trier, Dreyer e Bergman, estruturou-se um suporte analítico no qual a figuração do feminino em Lars von Trier ganha um olhar diferente do adotado por sua fortuna crítica e, que só foi possível a partir do um conjunto multifacetado de analogias estéticas e narrativas entre essas obras. Essas interpretações se deram a partir da análise fílmica inspirada no método de decoupage de Pierre Sorlin, no qual a análise é guiada pelos elementos narrativos internos às obras. Palavras-chave: cinema; Teoria Sociológica, desencantamento do mundo, Lars von Trier e Max Weber. ABSTRACT The Breaking the Wave’s (1996) universe-of-creation is detailed analyzed with the support of its script keeping its dialogue with the broader context in which it was produced: the Heart of Gold trilogy, filmed by the Danish filmmaker Lars von Trier. The film was understood as a work in which content surpasses the artistic dimension, representing a privileged locus of contemporary thinking on questions that in classical sociology had been theorized by Max Weber through the concept disenchantment of the world and his thinking about social solidarity, the latter discussed by the mystical typology of the acosmic love which would be in opposition to the social impulses that describe capitalist ethics, but emerges in response to it maintaining some interesting affinities with the experience of early Christianity. Through the reading of internal elements of Breaking the waves, it was possible to think of an approximation between Weber’s analytical set and this film of Trier as fruitful to interpret the meaning of it to the contemporaneity. This kind of film-reading also supported the reading of three films, two done by the Danish Carl Theodor Dreyer and one done by the Swedish Ingmar Bergman.
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