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Chronology of Arendt’s Life and Works

1906 Born 14 October in Linden, (now part of Hanover). 1909 Moves to Königsberg with her parents. 1913 Father dies. 1920 Mother remarries. 1922–23 Studies at the University of in preparation for the university entrance examination (the Abitur ). 1924 Enters Marburg University where she studies under Heidegger (born 26 September 1889). 1925 Embarks on a clandestine relationship with Heidegger. 1926 Breaks relationship with Heidegger, but continues intermittent correspondence until 1933. Summer semester: moves to the University of Heidelberg to study under Jaspers (born 23 February 1883). Winter semester: studies with Edmund Husserl at the University of Freiberg. 1927 Heidegger’s Sein und Zeit (Being and Time) published. 1927–28 Studies at the University of Heidelberg. Autumn: receives doctorate (under the direction of Jaspers). 1929 Meets Günther Stern (the writer Günther Anders), whom she marries later that year. 1930 Moves with Stern to Berlin. Receives grant from the Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft for her project ‘the problem of German-Jewish assimilation, as seen through the example of the life of Rahel Varnhagen’. 1930–33 Publishes essays in magazines and newspapers. 1933 Th e Reichstag fi re in Berlin. Stern fl ees to . Arendt and her mother arrested and questioned for over a week. Flees to Paris via and Geneva and begins eighteen years as a ‘stateless person’.

197 198 Appendix

1933–42 Member of the World Zionist Organisation. 1934 Becomes friends with Walter Benjamin and Raymond Aron in Paris. 1935–38 General secretary of Youth Aliyah in Paris. 1935 Undertakes three- month trip to Palestine in connection with work for Youth Aliyah. 1936 Meets Blücher (born 29 January 1899). 1936–39 Makes yearly trips to Geneva. 1937 Divorces Günther Stern, 26 August. 1937–38 Completes Rahel Varnhagen project. 1938 Mother fl ees Königsberg and moves in with Arendt and Blücher in Paris. 1938–39 Works for the Jewish Agency in Paris 1940 War declared between and Germany. Marries Heinrich Blücher, 16 January. Blücher detained in internment camp in Villernlard and released aft er two months. Detained with her mother in Gurs internment camp for women in the South of France. France defeated. Escapes with mother to Montaubon, France. 1941 Escapes Vichy France with Blücher via Spain to Lisbon. May: arrives in the United States. Aft er an initial stay in Massachusetts moves with Blücher into furnished rooms at 315 West 95th Street, New York. 26 June: Mother, Marta Arendt, arrives in New York 1941–45 Staff writer for the New York weekly Aufb au . 1942 News of the German concentration and extermination camps for begins to fi lter out. 1944 Meets Mary McCarthy (born 21 June 1912). Initial antipathy, but reconciliation several years later. Arendt begins work on Th e Origins of Totalitarianism . 1945–46 Research director for the Commission on European Jewish Cultural Reconstruction. 1945–47 Lecturer in European history at Brooklyn College. 1946–48 Editor at Schocken Books in New York. 1946 Publishes a paper in Partisan Review that is highly critical of Heidegger. Appendix 199

1948 Mother dies. 1949–52 Director of Jewish Cultural Reconstruction. 1949 Moves with Blücher into apartment at 130 Morningside Drive in New York. 1949–50 Makes fi rst post-World War II trip to Europe. Reunited with Jaspers and his wife Gertrud. Has meeting with Heidegger and his wife Elfriede. Renews correspondence with Heidegger. 1950 Becomes senior editor at Schocken Books in New York. 1951 Th e Origins of Totalitarianism published. Becomes US citizen, 11 December. 1952 Begins work on ‘Totalitarian elements in Marxism’, which is never completed but feeds into her later work. 1955 Visiting professor at the University of California, Berkeley. 1958 Th e Human Condition published. Rahel Varnhagen: Th e Life of a Jewess fi nally published. 1959 Awarded the Lessing Prize of the City of . Moves with Blücher to an apartment at 370 Riverside Drive in New York. 1961 Covers the trial of Adolph Eichmann in for Th e New Yorker . Between Past and Future: Six Exercises in Political Th ought published. 1963 Publishes a fi ve- part article in Th e New Yorker on the Eichmann trial. A revised version is published in book form as : A Report on the Banality of Evil . On Revolution published. 1963–67 Professor at the University of Chicago. 1967 Awarded the of the Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung in Darmstadt. 1967–75 Professor at the New School for Social Research in New York. 1968 Men in Dark Times published. Second edition of Between Past and Future published with additional material. 1969 Jaspers dies 26 February (aged eighty- six). On Violence published. 1970 Blücher dies (aged seventy- one). 1973 Gives the fi rst series of Giff ord Lectures on thinking at the University of Aberdeen, Scotland. New edition (with added prefaces) of Th e Origins of Totalitarianism published. 200 Appendix

1974 May: suff ers heart attack while giving the fi rst lecture in the second series of Giff ord Lectures on willing. 1975 Awarded Sonning Prize of the University of . Goes to Germany to put Jaspers’ papers in order. Visits Heidegger for the last time. Dies of a second heart attack on 4 December (aged sixty-nine). 1976 Heidegger dies 26 May (aged eighty- six). 1978 Th e Life of the Mind (two volumes) based on the Giff ord Lectures of 1973–74 and edited by McCarthy published posthumously. 1989 McCarthy dies 25 October (aged seventy-seven).