Due Diligence and Landfill Capability Assessment Lot 12 Kirwan Road Shire of Esperance

Assets | Engineering | Environment | Noise | Spatial | Waste

Due Diligence and Landfill Capability Assessment

Lot 12 Kirwan Road

Prepared for Shire of Esperance

March 2017

Project Number: TW17001

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DOCUMENT CONTROL

Version Description Date Author Reviewer 0a Internal Review 10/1/17 EP RC 1a Draft released to Client 17/3/17 EP RC 1b Final released to Client 24/3/17 EP RC

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Executive Summary

The Shire of Esperance (the Shire) currently operates the Wylie Bay Waste Management Facility (WMF) which includes a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) and a Class II (putrescible) landfill. The current landfill cell at the site is approaching the end of its operational lifespan and therefore, the Shire has identified the need for long term disposal options. To allow for the continuation of these critical current waste management services, the Shire commissioned the preparation of a Waste Disposal Strategy in 2012 which examined the options for long-term waste disposal. The establishment of a modern WMF at a new location within Esperance was identified as the best option for the Shires future waste needs.

Since 2013, the Shire and Talis Consultants (Talis) have been working on a landfill site selection study to determine the most suitable location for the placement of a new WMF. Initially the focus was on Shire and Crown Land which then focused on Freehold Land. Arising from the works, Lot 12 Kirwan Road, Merivale (the Site) was identified as a site that warranted further consideration. Therefore this report investigates the Site as a potential location for the WMF through the assessment of the environmental and social values in comparison to Best Practice Environmental Management (BPEM) Guidelines. The study also assesses the environmental approval pathway for the project.

The Site is located on Lot 12 Kirwan Road, Merivale, Western Australia (WA) within the Shire approximately 13km from the Esperance Townsite. The Site covers an area of 332Ha which has been historically cleared for agricultural purposes and now consists of a Tasmanian Blue Gum Plantation.

The environmental and social attributes of the Site were assessed through a desktop review and where relevant, confirmed through site investigations. The environmental and social attributes of Site are summarised in the table below.

Attribute Summary Topography The Site topography ranges from 62m AHD to 72m AHD from south to north. The Department of Mines and Petroleum (DMP) described the underlying geology as consisting of Granitic gneiss and metagranite. The overlying geology forms the Plantagenet Group which consists of the Werillup Formation and the Pallinup Formation. The Pallinup Formation consists of Pallinup Siltstone, a light coloured and often banded siltstone and spongolite. The DMP describe the Geology surface geology for the Site as sand or gravel plains consisting of quartz sand sheets commonly ferruginous pisoliths or pebbles, minor clay, local calcrete, laterite, silcrete, silt, clay, alluvium, colluvium and aeolian sand. There are no fault lines located within the Site. The nearest fault line is 1.7km east of the landfill boundary. The geotechnical investigation indicated that the soils across the Site are generally homogenous and consisted of the following:  Sand - Loose to dense, fine grained and generally corresponding to the root Soils zone for the surrounding Tasmanian Blue Gum trees;  Sandy silty clay- Firm to stiff of low plasticity;  Sandy clay - Stiff with moderate plasticity; and  Interbedded sandstone and siltstone representing the Pallinup Formation. Acid Sulphate The desktop assessment indicated that the Site has a low probability occurrence Soils of Acid Sulphate Soils (ASS). Observations during the hydrogeological

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Attribute Summary investigations confirmed the absence of ASS in the Site. The Department of the Environment and Energy (DotEE) Protected Matter Search Tool (PMST) identified a total of four significant flora species or habitats likely to or that may occur within a 5km radius. The Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPAW) Flora results indicated that sixty nine priority flora species and nine Threatened species were located within a 20km radius of the Site. The Flora survey confirmed that no Threatened or Priority Flora Species are located within the Site. A search of DPAW databases for Threatened and Priority Fauna found forty seven fauna species of Conservational Significance identified within a 20km search area of the Site. This included marine species which will not occur within the Site. Fauna The DotEE PMST identified a total of 10 Listed Threatened Species and seven Listed Migratory Species identified within the 5km search area. The Fauna survey confirmed that no Threatened or Priority Fauna species are located within the Site. The DotEE PMST indicated that the Site is located within mapped distribution of an Endangered TEC ‘Proteaceae Dominated Kwongkan Shrublands of the Southeast Coastal Floristic Province of Western Australia’. The distributed Ecological mapping of this TEC was regarded as ‘indicative’ only. Communities DPAW results indicated that the ‘Proteaceae Dominated Kwongkan Shrublands of the Southeast Coastal Floristic Province of Western Australia’is have been recorded within a 5km buffer of the Site. The Flora survey confirmed that no TEC or PECs are located within the Site. Environmentally The Site is not located within an ESA. Sensitive Areas A small area on the southern boundary is mapped as a Bushfire Prone Area and Bush Fire Risk as the Site is predominantly a Tasmanian Blue Gum Plantation, a Bushfire Area Assessment and Fire Management Plan will need to be prepared as part of the development of the Site. Public Drinking The Site is located outside of any Public Drinking Water Source Areas (PDWSAs), Water Source with the nearest recorded PDWSA being located approximately 16km to the Areas south west and is defined as a PDWSA Priority 1 ‘Esperance Water Reserve ’. Surface water within the Site consists of small constructed dams. A minor ephemeral creek line is located immediately north of the Site. The creek line is associated with Bandy Creek located approximately 2km to the West. Another Surface water creek line (Doombup Creek) is located to the south east of the Site which feeds into Doombup Lake. Small surface water bodies are located south of the scarp where groundwater is expressed. A portion of the Site is located in the Lake Warden Wetlands Catchment (Bandy Catchment Creek Sub -Catchment) which is classified as Priority 2 catchment area. areas Approximately 70% of the Site is located within the Doombup Catchment of which 90% has been cleared for pastoral purposes. The nearest RAMSAR wetland is approximately 15km to the west of the Site. The wetland is identified as the Lake Warden System. Two Regionally Significant Wetlands Wetlands Bannitup Lake and Doombup Lake are located approximately 3.5km and 2km south of the Site. These wetlands are proposed to be included in the Mullet Lake Reserve Extension therefore a precautionary approach has been

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Attribute Summary taken in the event these lakes are classified as RAMSAR. The nearest Floodplain 100 year ARI area is 2 km west of the Site, and is Floodplains associated with Bandy Creek. Groundwater within the region is classified as generally brackish to saline. The Groundwater results from the Geotechnical Investigation indicated that the depth to Proclaimed Areas groundwater ranges between 15.12 metres below ground level (mBGL) to 2.5 mBGL. Department of Water (DoW) 1:250,000 Hydrogeological Map identifies two distinct aquifers: Aquifers  Sedimentary aquifer-extensive aquifer, minor to major resources; and  Fractured and weathered rocks – Local aquifer, very minor to no resources The Hydrogeological Investigation indicated that the groundwater was brackish, and sometimes exceeded Stock Water 2000 Guideline levels. Groundwater was noted to be flowing in a south west direction. The groundwater levels across the Groundwater Site vary from 2.5mBGL to 15.12mBGL. Hydraulic conductivity across the Site was calculated to be a maximum of 0.38 m/day. Darcy’s seepage velocity was determined to be 2.59 m/year. The Site is located outside of any proclaimed surface water areas, with the Surface Water nearest being over 300 km to the west associated with the ‘Warren River and Proclaimed Areas Tributaries’ area. The Department of Environment Regulation (DER) confirmed that the Site has not Contaminated been reported as a known or suspected contaminated site prior to or after the Sites Database commencement of the Contaminated Sites Act 2003. The FOI request submitted to the DER indicated that there are no records found for the Site. DPAW advised that there were no Declared Rare Flora (DRF) or Priority State Flora (PF) known to occur within the Site, however, the absence of records does Government FOI not indicate that there are no species present. The Flora and Fauna survey confirmed there is no DRF or PF within the Site. Aboriginal No known sites of Aboriginal significance are known to occur within the Site. Heritage Native Title The Site is not located within a Registered Native Title Claim. European No recorded sites of European heritage from the State register occur within or Heritage immediately adjacent to the Site. No sensitive land uses within 150m of the Site. The nearest approved single Separation residence is 1.75km to the south west. The nearest residential subdivision is Distances approximately 10km to the west. An Aquaculture Site is located approximately 1km east of the landfill boundary. Under the Shire’s Town Planning Scheme No. 23 (TPS 23), the Site is zoned as Town Planning Agriculture – General. Mining The Site is not located within a mining tenement. Tenements

Talis has completed a Phase 1 Hydrogeological Risk Assessment (HRA) to determine any potential impacts associated with the proposed development on the groundwater and surface water values on and surrounding the Site. The HRA consisted of a source-path-receptors analysis that assessed potential emission points, the pathway from source to receptor and the potential receiving environment and any associated groundwater uses. The current conclusion drawn from the Phase 1 HRA is that the establishment of a landfill within the Site has a low level of risk.

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A geotechnical investigation was undertaken by Talis Consultants to obtain a detailed understanding of the site geology, determine the Sites suitability for the siting of the landfill and engineering requirements. The onsite intrusive investigations identified an initial sand horizon, underlain by a sandy clay/silt of low plasticity. Beneath this low plasticity clay/silt was a clay/silt of medium to high plasticity. Hard rock geology encountered was interbedded siltstones and clays of varying degrees of weathering, anticipated to belong to the Pallinup Siltstone formation. Field testing of the recovered cores with dilute hydrochloric acid confirmed the lack of carbonate minerals within the material, and reaffirmed the Geological Survey of Western Australia documented literature that all carbonate had been leached out of the Pallinup Siltstone, east of Esperance.

A Flora and Fauna survey was undertaken by a qualified Botanist/Ecologist from Eco Logical Australia (Eco Logical) on the 9 February 2017. The survey consisted of a desktop assessment to determine the potential presence of Threatened and Priority Flora and Fauna and an onsite survey to confirm the presence or absence of these species. In addition the qualified Botanist/Ecologist also surveyed the surrounding Doombup Creek system to obtain an understanding of the ecological values of that area. The survey confirmed that the Site does not contain any conservation significant flora or fauna species nor provided critical habitat for the Baudin Black Cockatoo or Carnaby Black Cockatoo.

The Flora and Fauna survey discussed the potential impacts on the TEC located south of the Site that is associated with Doombup Creek and stated that it is “unlikely that the proposal will have a detrimental effect on the ecological values of this system if all precautionary steps are taken to ensure that the landfill is secure and contained to the study area”. The Flora and Fauna survey specified that Baudin’s Black Cockatoo, Carnaby’s Black Cockatoos, Peregrine Falcon and Rainbow Bee Eaters occur within the region however, it is “unlikely that the Proposal will have a detrimental impact on this species”.

To examine the suitability of the Site for landfilling activities, Talis undertook a Landfill and Capability Assessment. Information gathered as part of the Due Diligence and Site Investigations against the BPEM recommended separation distances. The key document used for the assessment was the EPA (Western Australia) Guidance Statement 3: Separation Distances between Industrial and Sensitive Land Uses (June 2005) (EPA WA 2005 Guidance Statement 3). The Landfill and Capability Assessment determined that the Site complies with all the relevant siting requirements as specified within the BPEM Guidelines.

In order to establish the WMF, consideration of the landfill design is required. To minimise environmental impacts, the design of landfills must adhere to the BPEM Standards. The key design requirements of the BPEM Guidelines are the inclusion of the following key aspects:

 Basal Lining System;  Earthworks;  Leachate Collection and Extraction;  Covering Materials;  Capping and Restoration; and  Gas Management.

As part of the development of a landfill at the Site a number of Environmental Approvals and processes are required this includes:

 Environmental Referral to the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) to determine the appropriate level of assessment pursuant to Part IV of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (EP Act); and

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 Works Approval and Licence pursuant to Part V of the EP Act 1986 administered by the Department of Environment Regulation (DER).

The Shire is in consultation with the Department of the Environment and Energy regarding the potential referral of the project under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). The Shire have undertaken extensive environmental investigations on and surrounding the Site to determine if the proposed landfill will have a significant impact on any Matters of National Environmental Significance (MNES).

As mentioned previously, the HRA determined that the establishment of a landfill has a low level of risk and is not likely to have a significant impact. The Flora and Fauna survey also concluded that it is unlikely the landfill will significantly impact the conservation significant flora and fauna species known to occur in the region. Therefore, it is anticipated there is no requirement for the Shire to refer the project under the EPBC Act. However, in the event it is determined that the project will have a significant impact on MNES, the Shire will refer the project.

Based on the Due Diligence and Landfill Capability Assessment, along with the findings of the detailed Site Investigations, Talis provides the following recommendation:

1. The Shire continues to progress the development of a modern Waste Management Facility at Lot 12 Kirwan Road, Merivale including proceeding with the Contract of Sale and commencing with the Environmental Approvals.

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Table of Contents

Abbreviations ...... 1

1 Introduction ...... 2

1.1 Background ...... 2

1.2 Objective and Scope of the Report ...... 2

2 Site Selection Study ...... 3

2.1 Site Investigations ...... 4

3 Site Overview ...... 5

3.1 Locality ...... 5

3.2 Site Description ...... 5

3.3 Certificate of Title ...... 5

4 Environmental Attributes ...... 7

4.1 Climate ...... 7

4.2 Topography ...... 8

4.3 Regional Geology ...... 8

4.3.1 Geotechnical Investigation ...... 9

4.3.2 Fault Lines ...... 9

4.3.3 Acid Sulphate Soils ...... 10

4.4 Flora and Fauna ...... 10

4.4.1 Threatened and Priority Flora ...... 10

4.4.2 Threatened and Priority Fauna ...... 11

4.4.3 Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities ...... 11

4.5 Flora and Fauna Survey ...... 12

4.6 Environmentally Sensitive Areas ...... 12

4.7 Nature Reserves...... 13

4.8 Dieback Risk Area ...... 13

4.9 Bush Fire Risk Area ...... 14

4.10 Site Hydrology and Hydrogeology ...... 14

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4.10.1 Groundwater Depth ...... 14

4.10.2 Groundwater quality ...... 15

4.10.3 Hydrogeology ...... 15

4.10.4 Surface water ...... 16

4.11 Catchments and Priority Areas ...... 16

4.11.1 Doombup Catchment ...... 16

4.11.2 Lake Warden Wetlands Catchment ...... 17

4.11.3 Lake Warden Sub-catchment - Bandy Creek ...... 17

4.12 Wetlands ...... 17

4.12.1 RAMSAR Wetlands ...... 17

4.12.2 Regionally Significant Wetlands ...... 18

4.13 Designated Water Areas ...... 18

4.13.1 Groundwater Proclaimed Areas ...... 18

4.13.2 Public Drinking Water Source Areas ...... 19

4.14 Flood Plain Mapping ...... 19

4.15 Contaminated Sites Database and Register ...... 19

4.16 State Government Freedom of Information ...... 20

5 Hydrogeological Risk Assessment ...... 21

6 Social Attributes ...... 22

6.1 Aboriginal Heritage ...... 22

6.2 Native Title ...... 22

6.3 European Heritage ...... 22

6.4 Town Planning ...... 23

6.5 Separation Distances ...... 24

6.6 Sensitive Sites ...... 25

6.7 Mining Tenements ...... 25

7 Summary of Environmental and Social Attributes ...... 26

8 Landfill Capability Assessment ...... 29

8.1 Policy Reform...... 29

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8.2 Capability Assessment ...... 29

8.3 Landfill Capability Outcome ...... 33

9 Landfill Design Guidance ...... 34

9.1 Site Master Pan ...... 34

9.2 Basal Lining System ...... 34

9.3 Leachate Collection and Extraction ...... 35

9.4 Covering Materials ...... 35

9.5 Capping and Restoration ...... 36

9.6 Gas Management ...... 36

10 Government Approval and Processes ...... 38

10.1 Part IV – Environmental Impact Assessment ...... 38

10.1.1 Data requirements...... 38

10.1.2 Approval Process ...... 39

10.2 Part V – Works Approval and Licencing ...... 39

10.2.1 Application Process ...... 40

10.3 EPBC Act Referral for MNES ...... 40

10.3.1 Referral Process ...... 40

11 Recommendations ...... 42

12 References ...... 43

Tables

Table 3—1: Certificate of Title Details

Table 4—1: Temperature from the Esperance Weather Station (1969-2017) and Rainfall from Merivale Farm Weather Station (1983-2017).

Table 4—2: Groundwater Depth at Lot 12 Kirwan Road September 2016 to January 2017.

Table 6—1: Recommended Separation Distances from the BPEM Guidance Statements

Table 7—1: Summary of Environmental and Social Attributes

Table 8—1: Assessment of Environmental and Social Attributes against BEPM Guidelines

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Table 10—1: Summary Table of Statutory Processes

Figures

Figure 1: Locality Pan

Figure 2: Aerial Plan

Figure 3: Cadastral

Figure 4: Regional Topography

Figure 5: Site Topography

Figure 6: Geology

Figure 7: Environmentally Sensitive Areas

Figure 8: Nature Reserves

Figure 9: Fire Prone Areas

Figure 10: Hydrogeology

Figure 11: Site Hydrology

Figure 12: Catchment Areas

Figure 13: Regional Hydrology

Figure 14: Wetlands

Figure 15: Separation Distances

Appendices

Appendix A: Certificate of Title

Appendix B: Flora and Fauna

Appendix C: Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System Reports

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Due Diligence and Landfill Capability Assessment Lot 12 Kirwan Road Shire of Esperance

Abbreviations Term Abbreviations Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System AHIS Acid Sulphate Soils ASS Best Practice Environmental Management BPEM Department of Aboriginal Affairs DAA Department of Agriculture and Food Western DAFWA Australia Department of the Environment and Energy DotEE Department of Environment Regulation DER Department of Parks and Wildlife DPAW Department of Mines and Petroleum DMP Department of Planning DoP Environment Protection Authority EPA Environmentally Sensitive Area ESA Floodplain Mapping FPM Freedom of Information FOI Heritage Council of WA HCWA Priority Ecological Communities PEC Protected Matters Search Tool PMST Public Drinking Water Source Areas PDWSA Threatened Ecological Communities TEC

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1 Introduction

1.1 Background

The Shire of Esperance (the Shire) currently operates the Wylie Bay WMF, which includes a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) and a Class II (putrescible) landfill. The Wylie Bay Waste Management Facility (WMF) has been in operation since 1988 however, the current landfill cell at the site is approaching the end of its operational lifespan. To allow for the continuation of the current waste disposal services, the Shire commissioned the preparation of a Waste Disposal Strategy in 2012 which examined the following three options for long-term waste disposal:

 Option 1 – Construct a new lined cell at the Wylie Bay site;  Option 2 – Establish a modern waste management facility at a new site; or  Option 3 – Disposal within a neighbouring Shire’s existing landfill.

The recommendation arising from the Waste Disposal Strategy was for the Shire to establish a modern WMF at a new location within Esperance.

Since 2013, the Shire and Talis Consultants (Talis) have been working on a landfill site selection study to determine the most suitable location for the placement of a new WMF. Through extensive consultation, feedback was requested from the community and stakeholders on the overall Site Selection Process and also for landowners to nominate sites within the areas of interest that they wish to nominate for the Shire to consider as part of the site selection study.

Lot 12 Kirwan Road Merivale (the Site) was one of approximately nineteen freehold sites that were nominated to the Shire. The Site Selection Study concluded that the Site warrants further consideration from the Shire for the development of a modern landfill facility. Therefore, the Site was carried across into the Site Investigation and Due Diligence phase of the project.

1.2 Objective and Scope of the Report

Talis therefore have been engaged by the Shire to undertake a Due Diligence assessment and Landfill Capability Assessment to determine the Site’s suitability for the establishment of a modern landfill facility based on BPEM Guidelines. This report includes the following;

 Site Selection Study;  Site Overview;  Environmental Attributes;  Hydrogeological Risk Assessment;  Social Attributes;  Summary of Environmental and Social Attributes;  Landfill Capability Assessment;  Landfill Design Guidance;  Approvals Path mapping;  Consultation with the DER;  Discussion; and  Recommendations.

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2 Site Selection Study

The Shire commenced with the Site Selection Process study in 2013 which prioritised the investigation of Crown and Shire land. A Preferred Site located on Crown Land was identified that warranted further investigations. However, Native Title claims associated with the Site significantly delayed the advancement of the investigation. Therefore, the Shire then focused on freehold land in 2015 for the development of the WMF which highlighted several sites that may be suitable for the siting of a new WMF.

The initial phase of the process involved defining Site Selection Criteria which provided guidance on the environmental, social and planning factors to identify sites that warranted further consideration. These criteria are defined as early as possible in the process to ensure they are considered throughout the site selection process.

Following the adoption of Site Selection Criteria, a geospatial model was developed including in excess of 80 datasets on constraints and opportunities for the siting of a landfill. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) was utilised to develop the geospatial model which managed datasets obtained from various government departments covering environment, planning and social infrastructure aspects. The GIS Model modelled environmental, planning and social constraints of the Site. By applying these layers, Talis was able to identify areas and sites that warranted further consideration. As part of the Crown and Shire owned land search over 38 sites of interest were identified and a preferred site determined following multi-criteria analysis. As outlined previously, significant delays were experienced hence why the Shire commenced with assessing freehold land.

As part of the freehold land assessment areas of interest identified both east and west of the Esperance Townsite. The Shire ran an extensive Community and Stakeholder Engagement Program which aimed to inform, consult and involve various parties through a range of activities including the release of a Community Consultation Report and Feedback Forms and running a series of community workshops and stakeholder meetings. Feedback was requested from the community and stakeholders on the overall Site Selection Process and also to identify Sites of Interest within the Areas of Interest that they wish to nominate for the Shire to consider as part of the selection process.

Arising from the Community and Stakeholder Engagement Program in excess of twenty sites were either nominated or requested by the public for the Shire to assess. These nominated sites then underwent a fatal flaw analysis to disregard sites that were incompatible with the Site Selection Criteria. Nominated sites that did not possess any fatal flaws were then identified as being Sites of Interest which were carried through for assessment.

In order to further filter down and identify a Preferred Site(s), the Sites of Interest were evaluated to assess their strengths and weakness. The principle evaluation tool used was a Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA). The MCA process assessed the Sites of Interest by scoring each site against Aspects and Criterion which were assigned a specific weighting to reflect their relative importance in determining the Preferred Site(s). The outcome of the MCA was a weighted score for each Site of Interest. Following the MCA, the total weighted score for each nominated Site of Interest was used to rank the sites from most to least preferred. From this ranking, the Shire should select a number of Preferred Sites to be carried through to the Phase 2 Site Investigation works.

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2.1 Site Investigations

To date the Shire has undertaken Phase 2 Site Investigation works on the Preferred Crown Land Site and another top ranked freehold site which both returned unfavourable Hydrogeological and Geotechnical results and therefore are no longer been considered by the Shire at this stage.

In September 2016, the Shire commenced initial Phase 2 Site Investigations works on the Site (Lot 12 Kirwan Road, Merivale) which returned favourable results. Further detailed investigation commenced in January 2017 along with further Due Diligence works to confirm the suitability of the site for the siting design of a modern landfill facility.

The works completed to date and the associated findings are summarised within this report.

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3 Site Overview

The following section provides an overview of the Site by providing a description of the locality within the Shire of Esperance, description of the Site and details on the Certificate of Title.

3.1 Locality

The Site is located on Lot 12 Kirwan Road, Merivale, Western Australia (WA) within the Shire of Esperance (the Shire) (Figure 1) approximately 13km from the Esperance Townsite.

Surrounding roads include Kirwan Road to the west, Merivale Road to the south west and a gravel access road located to the south. Approximately 300m of Merivale Road is located on the south west corner of the boundary of the Site.

Merivale Road located south of the Site provides access to Cape Le Grande National Park located on the coastal plain approximately 50km south east from the Esperance Townsite and 35km south east from the Site boundary. Cape Le Grande National Park covers an area of approximately 31,801ha (DPAW 2016). Tourists can participate in a number of activities within the park such as swimming, diving, surfing, bushwalking and fishing. Other tourist attractions in the surrounding area include Esperance Stonehenge which is located on Merivale Road approximately 1.4km west from the Site boundary. The Esperance Stonehenge is full size replica of the original Stonehenge in the United Kingdom.

Large areas of cleared agricultural land are located east, south east and west of the Site. A number of tree plantations are located immediately north of the Site. Myrup Airport is located approximately 8km west and the Wylie Bay Landfill facility is approximately 15km west of the Site boundary. To the south of the Site are two saline lakes named Lake Doombup and Lake Bannitup located within a large area of bushland.

3.2 Site Description

The Site covers an area of 332Ha and has been historically cleared for agricultural purposes and now consists of a Tasmanian Blue Gum Plantation. A number of small constructed dams are located within cleared areas within the Site. A large granite outcrop is located in the south west corner of the Site. The environmental attributes of the Site are detailed in Section 7. An aerial view of the Site is shown in Figure 2.

3.3 Certificate of Title

A copy of the Certificate of Title is provided in Appendix A: Certificate of Title. A summary of the Certificate of Title details is provided in Table 3—1.

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Table 3—1: Certificate of Title Details

CoT Detail Description Land Description Lot 12 on Diagram 89598 Volume 2125 Folio 632 Street Address None Available Primary Interest Holder A & J Knox Super Pty Ltd Registered 24 April 2014 Previous Title 1918-565

Figure 3 shows the cadastral boundary of the Site.

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4 Environmental Attributes

The following sections outline the environmental attributes of the Site that were collected through both desktop assessment and through detailed site investigations. The environmental attributes include:

 Climate;  Topography;  Regional Geology;  Flora and Fauna;  Environmentally Sensitive Areas;  Nature Reserves;  Dieback Risk Areas;  Fire Prone Areas;  Hydrology and Hydrogeology;  Catchments;  Designated Water Areas;  Food Plain mapping; and  Hydrogeological Risk Assessment.

4.1 Climate

The climate of the Merivale area is considered to be Temperate with a distinctly dry and warm summer and a winter seasonal rainfall per the Köppen classification system used by the Bureau of Meteorology (BoM). The average monthly rainfall and temperature minimums and maximums are provided in Table 4—1 below. The minimum and maximum temperatures were sourced from the Esperance Weather Station as no temperature data was available from the closest weather Station located in Merivale. All rainfall data was sourced from the Merivale Farm Weather Station.

Table 4—1: Temperature from the Esperance Weather Station (1969-2017) and Rainfall from Merivale Farm Weather Station (1983-2017). Parameter J F M A M J J A S O N D Mean Max 26.2 26.2 25.2 23.2 20.4 18.0 17.2 18.0 19.4 21.2 23.2 24.6 Temp (°C) Mean Min 15.7 16.2 15.1 13.3 11.1 9.2 8.3 8.6 9.5 10.8 12.8 14.4 Temp (°C) Rainfall Average 22.9 20.5 31.3 45.2 72.6 77.2 82.8 81.4 63.5 52.4 32.4 21.5 (mm)

As mentioned previously, the above temperature data was recorded at Esperance Weather Station located 21.2km west of the Site. Rainfall data obtained from the Merivale Farm Weather Station located approximately 2.4km south east of the Site.

Monthly rainfall data from 2016, the average rainfall average from the last twenty years (1997-2016) with the historical rainfall average (1967-2016) is shown in the diagram below.

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Diagram 1: Merivale Monthly Rainfall 2016 with Twenty Year Average (1997-2016) and Historical Average (1967-2016)

As shown in the diagram above, the data from 2016 indicates an unusual year in comparison to the rainfall recorded in the last twenty years and historical monthly rainfall average. These results are consistent with comments received through consultation with the community and relevant Stakeholders. November was a particularly dry month that recorded 27.35mm and 26.4mm less rainfall than the twenty year average and historical average respectively. Rainfall recorded in 2016 for the months of January, April, August, September and December were higher than the historical average. The data also shows that rainfall recorded in the last 20 years is above the historical average for the months of January, March and July to September and November to December.

4.2 Topography

The regional topography shows the landscape slopes down to the south west to the salt lake systems in the coastal plain down to sea level (Figure 4). The topography on Site ranges from 62m Australian Height Datum (AHD) to 72m AHD from south to north (Figure 5). The Shire recently completed a topographic survey of the Site to assist with the detailed Site investigations works.

4.3 Regional Geology

The Department of Mines and Petroleum (DMP) describe the underlying geology as consisting of Granitic gneiss and metagranite (DMP, 2005). The overlying geology forms the Plantagenet Group which consists of the Werillup Formation and the Pallinup Formation. The Werillup Formation consists of grey and black clay, siltstone, sandstone, lignite and carbonaceous siltstone. The Pallinup Formation consists of Pallinup Siltstone, a light coloured and often banded siltstone and spongolite. Pallingup Siltstone is common throughout the Esperance Region (Cockbain,1968).

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Spongolite is a sedimentary rock composed of siliceous or carbonaceous sponge spicules. Spicules are the ‘skeleton’ of the sponge which is formed by cells called scleroblasts that secret calcium carbonate or silica needles (Chandra, 2017). The deposition of spongolite occurred in a shallow- marine environment during a major marine transgression in the late Eocene Period (Johnson and Baddock, 1998). East of Esperance township, the Pallinup Siltstone is a siltstone with mounds of molluscs and bryozones in which all carbonate appear to have been leached out of the rocks (Chandra, 2017). The geology of the Site is shown in Figure 6.

4.3.1 Geotechnical Investigation

A geotechnical investigation was undertaken by Talis Consultants to obtain a detailed understanding of the site geology, determine the Sites suitability for the siting of the landfill and engineering requirements. The investigation involved rotary core drilling, installation of boreholes and trial pits to understand the current soil and rock profiles of the Site. A literature review highlighted the Site was underlain by superficial soils described, as sands, gravels and minor clays and silts. Beneath this, the hard rock geology consisted of the Pallinup Siltstone belonging to the Plantagenet Group.

The onsite intrusive investigations identified an initial sand horizon, underlain by a sandy clay/silt of low plasticity. Beneath this low plasticity clay/silt was a clay/silt of medium to high plasticity. Hard rock geology encountered was interbedded siltstones and clays of varying degrees of weathering, anticipated to belong to the Pallinup Siltstone formation. Field testing of the recovered cores with dilute hydrochloric acid confirmed the lack of carbonate minerals within the material, and reaffirmed the Geological Survey of Western Australia documented literature that all carbonate had been leached out of the Pallinup Siltstone, east of Esperance.

The soil and rock types were logged during the investigation and samples were sent for laboratory analysis. The soils across the Site are described as generally homogenous and consisted of the following:

 Sand - Loose to dense, fine grained and generally corresponding to the root zone for the surrounding Tasmanian Blue Gum trees;  Sandy silty clay - Firm to stiff of low plasticity;  Sandy clay - Stiff with moderate plasticity; and  Interbedded sandstone, siltstone and clay representing the Pallinup Formation.

The permeability assessment of the superficial soils highlighted a permeability of between 7.4 x 10-5 m/s and 6.4 x 10-5 m/s for the sand horizon. The low plasticity clay/silt recorded permeability values of between 3.423 x 10-8 m/s and 1.033 x 10-8 m/s while the medium to high plasticity clay/silt exhibited a permeability in the region of 9.524 x 10-9 m/s and 1.411 x 10-9 m/s.

4.3.2 Fault Lines

The Department of Mines and Petroleum GeoVIEW database indicates that the closest fault line is located approximately 1.7km east of the Site. The recommended separation distance between landfills and fault lines is 100m. The linear structure is identified as a major fault or shear zone named Doombup Shear Zone (Figure 6).

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4.3.3 Acid Sulphate Soils

Acid Sulphate Soils (ASS) are naturally occurring soils that contain iron sulphide (iron pyrite) minerals that if disturbed by soil excavation, dewatering or drainage, can then oxidise resulting in the release of acidity and potentially causing environmental impacts.

ASS risk mapping geospatial data generated by the Department of Environment Regulation (DER) data is not available for the Site. Therefore, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) (2014) Australian Soil Resource Information System (ASRIS) online system was utilised to determine ASS risk. The ASRIS provides information on soil and land resources in a consistent format across Australia at varying scales. With regard to ASS, the system brings together ASS mapping from all States and Territories and in the event that these maps do not cover an area of investigation ASS mapping is “backfilled” with a provisional ASS classification inferred from national and state soils, hydrography and landscape coverage’s. This component is referred to as the “Inland” ASS mapping and is provided at a scale of 1:2.5M.

Review of inland ASS mapping revealed that the entire Site was located in an area with a low probability of occurrence of ASS. A Geotechnical Investigation was undertaken by Talis Consultants in September 2016 to March 2017. During the investigation no soils containing iron sulphide minerals were observed. Further details of the soil types present are detailed in Section 4.3.1.

4.4 Flora and Fauna

4.4.1 Threatened and Priority Flora

A search was conducted of the WA Herbarium and Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPAW) database for records of known Threatened and Priority flora within a 20km buffer of the Site. Within the search area, a total of sixty nine Priority Flora species have been historically recorded. Nine Threatened Flora species were identified within the search area. The WA herbarium and DPAW results are provided in Appendix B. It should be noted that for thoroughness a 20km search radius was applied from the Site, as a result the search area includes coastal areas and therefore the results include marine species.

A search was also conducted utilising the Department of the Environment and Energy (DotEE) Protected Matters Search Tool (PMST) to identify significant flora species that may exist within a 5km radius of the Site. Four flora species were identified as potentially occurring, or having habitat that may occur within the search area. These include the endangered Anigozanthos bicolor subsp.minor (Little Kangaroo Paw), Caladenia hueglii (King Spider Orchard) and Lambertia echinata subsp. Echinata (Prickly honeysuckle) and the vulnerable Kenneddia glabrata (Northcliffe kenneddia). The EPBC Act Protected Matters Report is provided in Appendix B. The results of the PMST search however are indicative only and do not confirm nor deny the presence of flora species and therefore a flora survey is required.

Given the historical clearing of the Site and current use for plantation purposes, it is unlikely the species found in the DPAW, WA Herbarium and DotEE searches would be present. However, in order to confirm this, Talis engaged Eco Logical to undertake a Flora survey of the Site. The survey was conducted in January 2017. The findings of the survey are discussed in Section 4.5.

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4.4.2 Threatened and Priority Fauna

A search was conducted of the DPAW database for records of known Threatened and Priority Fauna within a 20km buffer of the Site. Within the search area, a total of forty seven species were identified to potentially be found within the search area. Of these one critically endangered species (CR), five endangered species (EN) and eleven vulnerable species (VU) were recorded. Twenty two species were migratory birds protected under an international agreement (IA). A total of seven priority species were also recorded. Given the large search radius which includes coastal areas, many of these species, particularly marine species will not occur within or near the Site. Details of the DPAW search are provided in Appendix B.

A DotEE EPBC Act Protected Matters Search Tool (PMST) was used to identify significant fauna species that may exist within a 5km radius of the Site. A total of 10 significant fauna species or species habitat were identified as potentially known, likely or may occur within the search area. The results of the DotEE EPBC Act PMST search are indicative only and do not confirm nor deny the presence of fauna species. The results of the search are provided in the table below. A copy of the PMST report is provided in Appendix B. Given the proximity to the coast, a number of marine species were also identified in the search.

The fauna survey undertaken by Eco Logical indicated that no Threatened or Priority Fauna were located in the Site. It was noted that the Tasmanian Blue Gums may serve as potential roosting habitat for the Baudin’s Black Cockatoo and Carnaby’s Black Cockatoo. However, no known roosting sites were located within the Site.

4.4.3 Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities

In Western Australia (WA) "Threatened Ecological Communities" (TECs) are defined by the WA Threatened Ecological Communities Scientific Advisory Committee (within DPAW) and are assigned to one of four categories (Presumed Totally Destroyed, Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable). While they are not afforded direct statutory protection at a State level (unlike Declared Rare Flora under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950) their significance is acknowledged through other State environmental approval processes (i.e. Environmental Impact Assessment process pursuant to Part IV of the Environmental Protection Act 1986).

Priority Ecological Communities (PECs) are ecological communities that are under consideration for listing as a TEC, but do not yet meet the criteria. The PEC is placed into a Priority Rating between 1-5 that ranks the PEC based on known occurrences, threats and management of the community.

DPAW maintains a database of State listed TECs and PECs. A search request was submitted to the DPAW in January 2017 to identify any instances of TECs or PECs on the Site or within a 30km radius of the Site Boundary. Results indicated that Priority 3 TEC ‘Proteaceae Dominated Kwongkan Shrublands of the Southeast Coastal Floristic Province of Western Australia’ have been historically recorded within 5km of the Site. The TEC consists of predominantly obligate seeding proteaceous shrubland and heath (kwongkan) and mallee heath on sandplain, duplex sand/clay and gravels overlying Eocene sediments, quartzite, schist, Yilgarn and Albany Fraser granite and greenstone ranges.

In addition, a search was also conducted utilising the DotEE PMST which also identified that the Proteaceae Dominated Kwongkan Shrubland community was likely to occur within the 5km search area of the Site (Appendix B).

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Given the Site has been historically cleared and the predominant vegetation consists of Tasmanian Blue Gum Plantations, it is highly unlikely to possess characteristics of the Endangered Proteaceae Dominated Kwongkan Shrublands. This was confirmed through the Flora and Fauna Survey which found no TEC or PECs located within the Site. Details of the Flora and Fauna Survey are outlined in Section 4.5.

4.5 Flora and Fauna Survey

A Flora and Fauna survey was undertaken by a qualified Botanist/Ecologist from Eco Logical Australia (Eco Logical) on the 9 February 2017. The survey consisted of a desktop assessment to determine the potential presence of Threatened and Priority Flora and Fauna and an onsite survey to confirm the presence or absence of these species. In addition the qualified Botanist/Ecologist also surveyed the surrounding Doombup Creek system to obtain an understanding of the ecological values of that area.

During the survey, a total of 13 dominant flora taxa were identified (6 native and 7 introduced) and 11 fauna species were observed (7 birds species and 4 mammals (of which 3 of the 4 mammals were introduced). No conservation significant flora or fauna species were found within the Site. The Tasmanian Blue Gum Plantation was noted as potential night roosting habitat for conservation significant species Calyptorhynchus baudinii (Baudin Black Cockatoo) and Calyptorhynchus latirostris (Carnaby's Black Cockatoo). However, the survey indicated that the study area is not currently known as a confirmed roosting site and the closest known roosting site is located approximately 4-6km to the north-west of the study area. The report concluded that given the small quantity of trees to be cleared and that the tree species are not used for feeding or foraging purposes it is unlikely this would have a detrimental impact on the species.

Occurrences of the PEC 'Proteaceae Dominated Kwongan Shrublands' were identified south of the site and were associated with the drainage system to Doombup Creek. It was concluded that it is unlikely that the Proposal will have a detrimental effect on the ecological values of this system if all precautionary steps are taken to ensure that the landfill is secure and contained to the study area.

The results of the survey were considered in reference to the EPBC Act referral guidelines which states that actions at high risk of having significant impacts should be referred to the Commonwealth Environment Minister. The report concluded that the proposed landfill will have a low risk of significant impacts to any Black Cockatoos in the area due to:

 The small amount of trees to be cleared and sufficient remaining trees;  The trees are not of mature age therefore would not be suitable for roosting; and  There are no recorded/known roosting trees within the Site.

The survey confirmed that the Site does not contain any conservation significant flora or fauna species nor provided critical habitat for the Baudin Black Cockatoo or Carnaby Black Cockatoo.

4.6 Environmentally Sensitive Areas

Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) are declared in Environmental Protection (Clearing of Native Vegetation) Regulations 2004 as areas that cover any and/or all of the following conservation significant areas:

 Declared World Heritage property;  Register of the National Estate;

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 Defined wetland and the area within 50m of the wetland;  Area covered by vegetation within 50m of rare flora, to the extent to which the vegetation is continuous with the vegetation in which the rare flora is located;  TECs;  Bush Forever Site; and  Areas identified within Environmental Protection Policy (EPP) areas.

The available geospatial data indicates the Site is not located within an ESA. The closest ESAs consist of an unnamed defined wetland approximately 1.23km north of the Site boundary that is located within the Bandy Creek Catchment. The nearest Declared World Heritage property, Register of the National Estate and Bush Forever Site is located over 100km from the Site. The nearest EPP area is located 22km west of the Site at Lake Monjinup. The closest area covered with vegetation within 50m of rare flora, is located approximately 12km south east of the Site. The ESAs located within 50km of the Site are shown in Figure 7.

4.7 Nature Reserves

Under the Land and Administration Act 1997 (LAA Act) areas of Crown land can be set aside as reserves. Nature reserves were classified under the Land Act 1933 as Class A, B or C reserves however, this act was replaced by the LAA Act which no longer saw a provision for the creation of new Class B reserves or reference to C Class reserves. Class A reserves have the greatest degree of protection and require approval from Parliament to amend the reserve area or cancel the reservation. The classification is used to protect areas of high conservation value (DRDL n.d.)

The Site is not located within or immediately adjacent to any National or State Conservation Reserve. Geospatial data sourced from DPAW indicates that the nearest Conservation Reserve is the ‘Mullet Lake Nature Reserve' located approximately 5km south west of the Site. The Mullet Lake Nature Reserve covers an area of approximately 1,917 ha and is classified as a Class ‘A’ Reserve (DPAW 2016). Mullet Lake Nature Reserve (A23825) was originally gazetted in 1970 and became an ‘A’ class reserve for the ‘Conservation of Flora and Fauna’ in 1972. Mullet Lake Nature Reserve incorporates Station Lake, Mullet Lake and Ewans Lake and extends to the High Water Mark on the coast (CALM 1999). The Esperance and Recherche Parks and Reserves Management Plan 84 outlines a proposal for the extension of the boundary of the Mullet Lake Reserve to include Lake Bannitup and Lake Doombup. Details on the extension are provided in Section 4.11. The Nature Reserves are shown in Figure 8.

4.8 Dieback Risk Area

Dieback is a symptom of Phytophthora infection caused by the plant pathogen, Phytophthora cinnamomi. There is no cure for the disease, which kills susceptible plants, such as banksias, jarrah and grass trees, as well affecting some agricultural crops. The disease has been recorded in many parts of the South West of the State and is spread through the movement of mud and soil predominantly by vehicles and footwear.

The DPAW manages the Forrest Disease Risk Areas geospatial dataset, which shows administrative boundaries for areas of forest/vegetation that is subject to risk of infection. Strict quarantine and access restrictions apply to these areas.

The Site and its immediate surrounds are not located within any mapped risk area. The closest known dieback mapped area is approximately 350km west of the Site.

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4.9 Bush Fire Risk Area

The Department of Fire and Emergency Services (DFES) manages a Bushfire Prone Areas geospatial dataset. This dataset maps bushfire prone areas which are subject to, or likely to be subject to, bushfire attack. These bushfire prone areas are identified by the presence of and proximity to bushfire prone vegetation and a 100 metre buffer zone immediately surrounding it. Where a bushfire prone area cuts across a portion of a parcel of land, the entire parcel is considered bushfire prone.

A small portion of a bushfire zone is located on the southern boundary of the Site and the Site is surrounded by a number of areas of vegetation mapped as Bushfire Prone Areas (Figure 9). The Shire recognises that a Bushfire Assessment and Fire Management Plan will need to be prepared as part of the development of the Site and submitted to DFES.

4.10 Site Hydrology and Hydrogeology

4.10.1 Groundwater Depth

A Phase 1 Hydrogeological Investigation is currently being undertaken by Talis Consultants in order to understand the groundwater values on and surrounding the Site. A total of eighteen groundwater wells have been installed across the Site since September 2016. Well ID GW01 to GW06 were installed in September 2016 and GW07 to GW14 were installed in January 2017. A further four wells were installed downstream in the south west corner of the Site with one of the wells (Well ID GW18) being placed downstream outside of the Lot boundary.

The groundwater depths have been recorded monthly at the wells since installation in September 2016. Seven readings have been recorded for GW01 to GW06, three readings for GW07 to GW14. A maximum, minimum and difference in metres below ground level (mBGL) is shown in the table below. Only one reading has been taken since the installation of the four additional wells (GW15- GW18) and therefore have not been included in the table.

Table 4—2: Groundwater Depth at Lot 12 Kirwan Road September 2016 to January 2017. Well ID Minimum Depth to Maximum Depth to Water Difference Water (mBGL) (mBGL) m(BGL) GW01 8.22 8.57 0.35 GW02 14.81 15.12 0.31 GW03 2.50 3.21 0.71 GW04 13.00 13.45 0.45 GW05 13.99 14.42 0.43 GW06 3.85 4.18 0.33 GW07 14.69 14.78 0.09 GW08 13.10 14.02 0.92 GW09 8.40 8.58 0.18 GW10 5.80 6.55 0.75 GW11 6.12 6.40 0.28 GW12 11.10 11.18 0.08 GW13 14.80 14.90 0.10

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Well ID Minimum Depth to Maximum Depth to Water Difference Water (mBGL) (mBGL) m(BGL) GW14 14.20 14.35 0.15

The groundwater levels across the Site vary from 2.5 metres below ground level (mBGL) to 15.12 mBGL.

4.10.2 Groundwater Quality

DPAW describes the area as generally brackish to saline throughout the region. Interactions between groundwater and surface water hydrological systems are well known for the Lake Warden catchment area however, beyond this, they are not well understood (DPAW, 2016).

Groundwater beneath the Site was assessed during the Hydrogeological Investigation to understand the regional quality of the aquifer and its likely beneficial use. The assessment suggested that the groundwater was brackish, and at points above the Stock Water 2000 Guideline levels, with the quality also generally impacted by associated agricultural run-off. Overall, groundwater beneath the Site may not be suitable for non-potable use and care and ongoing assessment would be required to ensure it is suitable for stock water use.

4.10.3 Hydrogeology

The Department of Water (DoW) 1:250,000 Hydrogeological Map identifies two distinct aquifers occurring at the Site:

 Sedimentary aquifer-extensive aquifer, minor to major resources; and  Fractured and weathered rocks – Local aquifer, very minor to no resources

The Sedimentary aquifer is thought to represent the Werillup Formation and Pallinup Siltstone Formation. Shoreline spongolite facies belonging to both formations will likely be highly permeable and represent a significant groundwater resource. However, where these formations are predominately siltstone, they will have a low permeability due to the fine grained nature of the lithology and cementation of the sediments. Groundwater quality within this aquifer is likely to be fresh to brackish and utilised for agricultural purposes.

The Fractured and weathered rocks – Local aquifer was identified across the central-western portion of the Site likely represents shallow basement (granitoid) rocks. These basement rocks contain localised aquifer systems which are generally low-yielding. Flow within this unit is generally confined to sandy weathered upper profile or within fractures and joints. However, joints and fractures within the granitoids have generally been infilled with low permeability clays further reducing their yield potential (Johnson and Baddock, 1998). Groundwater within this unit will likely be brackish to saline reducing its beneficial use. The Site hydrogeology is shown in Figure 10.

Groundwater flow within the Site is anticipated to be south to south west towards the Southern Ocean, with flow beneath the Site contributing to the Doombup catchment. The hydraulic conductivity across the Site was calculated to be a maximum of 0.38 m/day. Factoring in the hydraulic gradient across the Site and the anticipated porosity of the Siltstone aquifer, Darcy’s Seepage velocity was then calculated. This approach is routinely utilised to calculate the velocity of groundwater through a porous medium. The seepage velocity at the Site was determined to be 2.59 m/year.

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4.10.4 Surface water

Surface water within the Site consists of a number of constructed dams that hold rainwater. Minor ephemeral creek lines are located north and south of the Site. The creek line to the north is associated with Bandy Creek located approximately 2km to the West (Figure 11). A small spring is located outside the south eastern boundary flowing into an unnamed creek which feeds into Lake Doombup. For the purpose of this report we refer to the creek as the ‘Doombup Creek’. Talis understands that this creek is utilised for stock water while further upstream it has been dammed in a number of locations for use as a marron and fish farm. The creek flows into Doombup Lake approximately 2km south of the Site. It is anticipated that during heavy rainfall events and flooding that surface water within this catchment area feeds into Lake Doombup. A number of small surface water bodies are located south west of the Site. These are formed from groundwater that is expressed along the scarp. The groundwater fed surface water bodies then feed into Lake Doombup.

Several surface water samples were collected and analysed, specifically from the ‘Doombup creek’ flowing outside the south eastern corner of the Site. Samples indicated that the surface water has been impacted with anthropogenic activities, likely agricultural run-off. Several pesticides were reported above fresh water guidelines while the creek was heavily impacted by E. Coli and faecal coliforms. This analysis highlighted that this creek should not be used for any beneficial uses, including stock water.

4.11 Catchments and Priority Areas

The Site is located within two catchment areas; Doombup Catchment area and the Lake Warden Wetlands Catchment (sub-catchment-Bandy Creek). The majority of the Site is located within the Doombup Catchment with a small northern portion located with the Lake Warden Sub-Catchment (Bandy Creek) as shown in Figure 12. Each of the catchment areas is discussed in the subsections below.

4.11.1 Doombup Catchment

Approximately 70% of the Site is located within the Doombup Lake Catchment Area which is outside of the special control area catchment. The majority of surface water flow across the Site contributes to the Doombup catchment. South Coast Rivercare (SCR) states that Doombup Lake is located within the Doombup catchment area of which 90% has been previously cleared for pastoral purposes (SCR, 2008). The Lake Doombup catchment area is shown in Figure 12. As mentioned previously 70% of the Site and importantly the proposed Landfill footprint is located within the Doombup Lake Catchment Area.

All literature and data reviewed by Talis to date has indicated that Doombup Catchment is not hydrologically connected to the Lake Warden Wetlands Catchment. From this review, it is understood that surface water from the Doombup Catchment feeds Doombup Lake which could then filter down to the extensive Sedimentary aquifer and then flow out to sea.

The Class 'A’ Lake Mullet Reserve is proposed to be modified to include Lake Doombup and Lake Bannitup. This proposed inclusion will see the Regionally Significant Lakes classified as Nationally Important. The proposed Lake Mullet Reserve extension is discussed further in Section 4.12.

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4.11.2 Lake Warden Wetlands Catchment

A portion of the northern area of the Site is located within the Lake Warden Catchment. The catchment covers a total area of approximately 324,280ha and is 95% cleared (SCR, 1997). The Lake Warden Wetlands catchment area consists of four sub-catchments called Neridup Creek Catchment, Bandy Creek Catchment, Coramup Creek Catchment and Esperance Western Lakes Catchment (SCR, 1997). The Lake Warden Catchment was designated as a Natural Diversity Recovery Catchment under the State Salinity Action Plan (CALM, 2001). The catchment was selected due to the importance of its biological features which are under threat from altered hydrology resulting from clearing for agriculture activities and rural development (DPAW, 2016). The Natural Diversity Recovery catchment area has been categorised into Priority Areas (1, 2 and 3) which are shown in Figure 11. The Lake Wardens catchment feeds into the Lake Warden System which is classified as a RAMSAR wetland. RAMSAR wetlands and the Lake Warden System is outlined in Section 4.12.

4.11.3 Lake Warden Sub-catchment - Bandy Creek

The Bandy Creek Sub-Catchment Area is just less than 300,000 hectares in size. Approximately 128ha of sub-catchment is located in the northern end of the Site as shown in Figure 12. This portion of the Bandy Creek Sub-Catchment is classified as a Priority 2 area. Bandy Creek is approximately 30 kilometres long and drains salt lake country on the sandplain plateau north of Esperance, much of which is cleared for agriculture (SCR, 1997).

4.12 Wetlands

In WA, the term 'wetland' generally refers to a natural or artificially made basin or flat wetland that is permanently, seasonally or intermittently waterlogged or inundated with water that may be fresh, saline (salty), flowing or static.

4.12.1 RAMSAR Wetlands

The RAMSAR Convention is an intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework to allow for the conservation of wetland habitats. RAMSAR wetlands are those recognised as wetlands of international importance. DPAW have mapped geomorphic wetlands and internationally significant RAMSAR wetlands across significant areas of the south west. A review of this data identified that no RAMSAR wetlands are located on or immediately surrounding the Site. The nearest mapped RAMSAR area is Lake Warden System located 15kms to the west of the Site (Figure 13).

The Lake Warden System consists of a series of hyper saline lakes and marsh areas located within the South-West Coast Drainage Division (DEC, 2009). The system consists of Lake Warden Nature Reserve (Lake Warden), a portion of Woody Lake Nature Reserve (part of Windabout Lake, Woody Lake and Lake Wheatfield) and part of Mullet Lake Nature Reserve (Station Lake, Mullet Lake and Ewans Lake) (DPAW, 2016). The Lake Warden System is located approximately 5 km north of the Esperance townsite and covers an area of 1,999 ha.

The system provides a significant waterbird habitat and refuge for twenty five species listed under the international migratory agreements CAMBA, JAMBA, ROKAMBA and CMS. It is recognised as one of the most important sites in south Western Australia for Chestnut Teal (Anas castanea) and the Hooded Plover (Thinornis rubricollis) (DEC, 2009).

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4.12.2 Regionally Significant Wetlands

DPAW data indicates that two Regionally Significant Wetlands are located approximately 3.5km and 2km south of the Site. The wetlands are identified as Bannitup Lake and Doombup Lake (Figure 14). Doombup Lake is located within the Coastal catchment and the smaller sub catchment of Cape Le Grand National Park Floodplains. The Lake is located within a partially fenced wetland vegetation buffer zone. The DoW describes the lake as being moderately saline to highly saline that is both surface water and groundwater fed from a small catchment area. As mentioned previously, the Lake is fed partially by a Doombup creek located to south east of the Site. The catchment area for Doombup Lake is 90% cleared for pastoral purposes (DoW, 2008).

Bannitup Lake is a saline lake located within the Bannitup Lake Catchment. While not classified as a RAMSAR control area, it is understood that the lake is of ecological importance for migratory birds. According to Birdlife Australia (DPAW, 2016) in Spring 2012, the numbers of Red-Capped Plover exceeded one per cent of the estimated 95,000 world population. During this period the lake was recorded to support over 2,000 red-necked stints and a total bird count on the lake on 9 November 2012 was 7,500, including ducks. The lake also provides a valuable feeding ground for waders when similar lakes in the system are flooded. Even during dry periods the lake remains an important area for red-capped plovers, red-necked stints (feeding for their migration) and the occasional hooded plover (DPAW, 2016).

The Esperance and Recherche Parks and Reserves Management Plan propose that Doombup and Bannitup Lake are included within the Mullet Lake Nature Reserve as per the Conservation and Land Management (1992) recommendation E25. This would ensure Bannitup and Doombup Lakes were recognised and protected as nationally significant wetlands. Currently there is no indication of when Mullet Reserve could be expanded to include the Bannitup and Doombup Lakes however, consultation with DPAW has indicated that they will look to start to manage these as part of the overall reserve in the near future. The proposed expansion area is shown in Figure 8.

Due to the ecological values, Talis has been informed that the proposed extension to Mullet Lake Reserve may be classified as a RAMSAR wetland in the future, therefore as a precautionary approach, Talis has assessed the potential impacts of the proposed landfill on the basis that the downstream Lake Doombup could be classified as a RASMAR wetland.

4.13 Designated Water Areas

Under the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914, proclaimed surface water areas in WA are areas in which licences are required to take water from a surface watercourse. Based on a review of available mapping, the Site is located well outside of any proclaimed surface water areas, with the nearest being the Warren River and tributaries area located over 300km to the west.

4.13.1 Groundwater Proclaimed Areas

Under the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914, proclaimed groundwater areas in WA are areas in which licences are required to construct or alter a well and to take groundwater. The Site is not located within any proclaimed groundwater area and as a result water may be taken from the area provided it is not from an artesian aquifer or affect downstream users through diminished flow. The nearest groundwater proclaimed area is located approximately 9km to the south east and is associated with the ‘Esperance Water Reserve’ (Figure 13).

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4.13.2 Public Drinking Water Source Areas

Under the Metropolitan Water Supply, Sewerage and Drainage Act 1909 or the Country Areas Water Supply Act 1947 the Department of Water has the powers necessary to legally define the boundaries of Public Drinking Water Source Areas (PDWSAs). These legally defined boundaries with varying Priority levels (P1, P2 and P3) are assigned to ensure that PDWSAs are managed and protected to ensure the availability of reliable, safe, good quality drinking water from either groundwater or surface water sources. The Site is located outside of any PDWSAs, with the nearest being the Priority 1 ‘Esperance Water Reserve’ approximately 16 km to the south west (Figure 13).

4.14 Flood Plain Mapping

The Department of Water prepares floodplain mapping (FPM) to indicate the extent of flooding associated with Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) 100 year flood events. The ARI 100 year flood event is a statistical estimate of the average period in years between the occurrences of a flood of a given size and is roughly equal to a 1% probability of occurring in any given year. The nearest FPM 100 year ARI area is 2 km west of the Site, and is associated with Bandy Creek (Figure 11).

4.15 Contaminated Sites Database and Register

This section details the results of relevant investigations to ascertain if the Site has any registered historical contamination or pollution complaints. The DER currently records information on contaminated sites within WA on a contaminated sites register in accordance with the Contaminated Sites Act 2003. All sites of known or suspected contamination reported to DER will be classified under the Act as one of the following categories:

 Report not substantiated  Possibly contaminated – investigation required  Not contaminated – unrestricted use  Contaminated – restricted use  Contaminated – remediation required  Remediated for restricted use  Decontaminated

The DER Contaminated Sites Database is publicly accessible online database that grants access information on sites classified as either:

 Contaminated – remediation required;  Contaminated – restricted use; or  Remediated for restricted use.

The Site was not listed on the Contaminated Sites Database however maybe listed on the Reported Sites Register (i.e. sites awaiting classification). Therefore, a Basic Summary of Records Request was also submitted to the DER to provide any documentation relating to any records of known or reported contaminated sites or storage of dangerous or hazardous goods within the Site. The DER confirmed that the Site has not been reported as a known or suspected contaminated site prior to or after the commencement of the Contaminated Sites Act 2003.

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4.16 State Government Freedom of Information

A Freedom of Information (FOI) request was submitted to the DER in January 2017 to request documentation relating to any issues (outside those covered in a contaminated sites request) that may hinder the development of the Site. The DER undertook the following searches:

 Objective (the DER’s record keeping database);  Incidents and complaints;  Infringement notices;  Environmental field notices;  Prosecutions;  Contaminated sites; and  Industry regulation.

The DER advised that no records relating to the searches above were found for the Site.

A FOI request was also submitted to the DPAW for any conservational or heritage information relating to the Site. Two documents consisting of two map outputs from the DPAW threatened and Ecological Communities database were found. The maps show two occurrences of nationally endangered and State priority 3 ecological community. The community is identified as 'Proteaceae dominated kwongkan shrublands of the south east coastal floristic province of WA'.

The two occurrences were overlain on a 2005 aerial image of the Site indicating these areas had been previously cleared. DPAW advised that there were no Declared Rare Flora (DRF) or Priority Flora (PF) known to occur within the Site, however, the absence of records does not indicate that there are no species present.

DPAW advised that a suitably timed flora survey would be required to determine the presence of extent of any DRF or PF. As outlined in Section 4.5, a Flora and Fauna survey was undertaken during January 2017. Although the survey was undertaken outside the optimal survey period, due to the previously cleared nature of the Site it was deemed unlikely that the Site would support any conservation significant species.

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5 Hydrogeological Risk Assessment

Talis is currently undertaking a Phase 1 Hydrogeological Risk Assessment to determine any potential impacts associated with the proposed development on the groundwater and surface water values on and surrounding the Site.

The objectives of the Hydrogeological Risk Assessment is to:

 Understand the groundwater regime across the Site;  Understand the engineering properties of the subsoils within the likely footprint of the landfill;  Understand any potential constraints to the proposed development; and  Understand the potential implications to the surrounding environment and property owners.

Phase 1 of the Hydrogeological Risk Assessment (HRA) has been undertaken to help to define the potential risks to groundwater and the surrounding environment. The HRA consisted of a source-path- receptors analysis that assessed potential emission points, the pathway from source to receptor and the potential receiving environment and any associated groundwater uses. The data and laboratory results from the hydrogeological investigation have been used to develop the Conceptual Site Model.

As outlined in Section 4.10.1 the HRA established that the flow within the Site is anticipated to be south to south west towards the Southern Ocean, with flow beneath the Site contributing to the Doombup catchment. The hydraulic conductivity across the Site was calculated to be a maximum of 0.38 m/day and the seepage velocity was determined to be 2.59 m/year.

The outcomes of the HRA concluded that there are very few receptors within the overall system. An extraction bore was identified as a potential receptor located downstream of the Site however, groundwater sourced from this bore has limited use due to the quality of the water. The proposed landfill location is central in the Site and is approximately 1.7 km from the bore. This distance of the landfill from the bore is deemed sufficient for the attenuation as well as dilution of any potential seepage/contamination. Another significant factor identified during the HRA was the size of the catchment in which the Site is located. The Doombup Catchment is 9852.5ha in total and the proposed landfill footprint is 26 ha – which equates to a total of 0.003% of the total catchment.

The likelihood and consequence of the landfill impacting the identified receptors was then assessed. The result of the assessment indicated that the likelihood of the landfill negatively impacting the receptors is low. This is due to the landfill being engineered to BPEM Guidelines and the geology of the Site will allow for natural attenuation. The consequence resulting from any potential contamination of the identified receptors was also deemed as low due to the poor groundwater quality, low groundwater use potential, limited receptors and dilution factors.

Therefore the current conclusion drawn from the Phase 1 HRA is that the establishment of a landfill within the Site has a low level of risk. Groundwater monitoring will be undertaken throughout the lifespan of the project including post closure to identify any changes in groundwater quality and ensure no impacts occur as result of the landfill. Any changes in groundwater quality would be detected in the bores immediately surrounding the landfill footprint. Given the very slow seepage velocity of 2.59m/year it would take over 400 years to reach the boundary of the Site, therefore this provides sufficient time in which to respond in the unlikely event of groundwater contamination.

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6 Social Attributes

The following section outlines the social attributes associated with the Site which include:

 Aboriginal Heritage;  Native Title;  European Heritage;  Town Planning;  Separation Distances;  Sensitive Sites; and  Mining Tenements.

6.1 Aboriginal Heritage

A search for relevant Aboriginal Heritage was conducted by using the Department of Aboriginal Affairs (DAA) online Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System (AHIS) which incorporates both the Heritage Site Register and the Heritage Survey Database, which lists the following sites:

 Registered Aboriginal Sites;  Other Heritage Places; and  Heritage Survey Areas

According the AHIS, an ethnographic and archaeological survey was undertaken across the Site and surrounds in 1993. No Aboriginal heritage sites were identified within the Site. The AHIS reports are provided in Appendix C: Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System Reports.

6.2 Native Title

Under Australian Law, Native Title is a form of land title that recognises the unique connections Aboriginal groups have to the land. Native title exists where Aboriginal people have maintained a traditional connection to their land and waters, since sovereignty, and where acts of government have not removed it (GoWA, 2015).

A search for Native Title was conducted by using the DAA online Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System indicated that the Site is not registered for Native Title Claim.

6.3 European Heritage

To protect cultural heritage places in WA, the Heritage Council maintain a list of places that are either ‘Statutory Listings’ or ‘Other Listings and Surveys’. Statutory Listings are heritage places that can affect or may affect the use and development of land and buildings and Other Listings and Surveys lists heritage places that do not have any effect on the use and development of land and buildings (HC, 2017).

An online search of the Heritage Council of WA’s (HCWA) database using the inHerit portal found that no recorded sites of European heritage from the State register occur within the Site.

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6.4 Town Planning

Local or Town Planning Schemes (TPS) are prepared by Local Government Authorities (LGA) under the provisions of the Planning and Development Act 2005. TPS are legal requirements that include the designation of appropriate land-uses, residential densities and development standards (DoP, 2014). LGAs utilise the provisions and controls in their TPS to base their planning decisions on.

Under the Shire’s Town Planning Scheme No. 23 (TPS 23), the Site is zoned as Agriculture – General. Under this scheme, Prescribed Premises such as landfills fall under the definition of ‘Industry-Noxious’ which means an industry that “is specifically listed as a prescribed premises under Schedule 1 of the Environmental Protection Regulations 1987, excluding those industries encompassed by the definition of agriculture—intensive, animal husbandry—intensive or industry—rural.”

The Zoning Table within Scheme 23 indicates, subject to the provisions of the Scheme, the uses permitted in the Scheme Area in the various zones. Industry - noxious is not listed in the table however the closest definition to this is ‘Industry-Hazardous’ which is an ‘A’ use within the Scheme and “means that the use is not permitted unless the LGA has exercised its discretion by granting planning approval after giving special notice”. Alternatively, if it was deemed that the land use is not included with the Zoning Table, the proposal could be referred to as a ‘Use Not Listed’ in accordance with Clause 4.4.2 of the TPS.

However, the Shire proposes to utilise the Public Works Exemption as contained within the Planning and Development Act 2005 in relating to the planning requirement for the WMF. The definition of ‘public works’ is defined under Part 1 Section 2 of the Public Works Act 1902:

Public Works Act 1902 Section 2:

Public work and work mean and include- (a) every work which the Crown, or the Governor, or the Government of Western Australia, or any Minister of the Crown, or any local authority is authorised to undertake under this or any other act.

In accordance with the Planning and Development Act 2005, a proponent such as a LGA (and other bodies, as specified in Section 6 of the Planning and Development Act 2005 are entitled to the public works exemption for Planning requirements.

Planning and Development Act 2005 Section 6:

Public Works Act does not interfere with- (1) Subject to section 5(2) and (3) and subsections (2) and (3) of this section, nothing in this Act interferes with the right of the Crown, or the Governor, or the Government of the State, or a local government. (a) to undertake, construct or provide any public work.

LGAs are required to provide waste services under Part 6 Section 50 of the Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Act 2007. The relevant clauses that stipulate this requirement is as follows:

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Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Act 2007 Part 6, Section 50:

50. Provision of waste services (1) Subject to this Act and the EP Act, a local government may provide, or enter into a contract for the provision on its behalf of, waste services. (2) (2) A local government does not require a waste collection permit or an EP authorisation to collect or transport local government waste but is otherwise subject to the provisions of the EP Act

Given the requirement of LGAs to provide waste services in accordance with the Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Act 2007, the establishment of a WMF is therefore defined as a public work which is subject to a public works exemption under the Planning and Development Act 2005. The Planning and Development Act 2005 gives exempt bodies the power to undertake a public work without Planning Approvals from the responsible authority under the relevant planning scheme.

6.5 Separation Distances

To examine the suitability of the Site for landfilling activities, Talis assessed the Site characteristics and separation distances against the following documents:

 EPA (Victoria) Best Practice Environmental Management Guidelines for the Siting, Design, Operation and Rehabilitation of Landfills (August 2015) (EPA Victoria 2015 BPEM guidelines);  EPA (Western Australia) Guidance Statement 3: Separation Distances between Industrial and Sensitive Land Uses (June 2005) (EPA WA 2005 Guidance Statement 3); and  EPA (Western Australia) Draft Environmental Assessment Guideline for Separation Distances Between Industrial and Sensitive Land Uses (September 2015) (EPA 2015 Draft Guidance Statement).

The EPA Victorian 2015 BPEM Guidelines is applicable to Victoria, however, the document was also considered during consideration of separation distances. The EPA 2015 Draft Guideline Statement was released for stakeholder and public comments in October 2015. Although still in draft form this Guidance Statement was also considered for the siting of the landfill. This guideline may eventually replace the EPA WA 2005 Guidance Statement 3 which is the current legislation for separation distances in WA. Therefore, the current EPA WA 2005 Guidance Statement 3 has been the key document for determining the separation distances for siting the WMF.

Sensitive land uses are those which are sensitive to emissions from industrial and similar activities, and include residential developments, hospitals, schools, shopping centres and some public buildings (EPA, 2015). Separation distance between sensitive receptors and sites used for waste management purposes varies according to the type of waste received and the activities occurring on Site. For a Class II, III putrescible landfill the suggested separation distances from the Guidance documents mentioned previously is shown in the table below.

Table 6—1: Recommended Separation Distances from the BPEM Guidance Statements Recommended Separation Guidance Aspect Distance (m) Current Legislation EPA WA 2005 Sensitive uses (subdivisions) 500

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Guidance Aspect Recommended Separation Guidance Statement Distance (m) Single residences 150 3 Draft Legislation EPA WA 2015 Draft Sensitive land use 1000 Guidelines Other Legislation Building or structures 500 Surface waters 100 EPA Victoria 2015 Aerodrome for jet aircraft 3000 BEPM Guidelines Aerodrome for piston-engine 1500 propeller-driven aircraft

A total of twelve isolated residences are located within a three kilometre radius of the Site. The closest isolated or single residence is approximately 885m south east from the proposed landfill boundary however, this residence has no Statutory Approvals. The next nearest single residence is 1.75km away from the boundary of the landfill which is well outside the recommended distance from the EPA WA 2005 Guidance Statement 3 and EPA Victoria 2015 BEPM Guidelines. The nearest subdivisions are situated approximately 10km west and 11km south west which are also located well outside the recommended separation distances (Figure 15). However it is important to note that a range of specialist studies including an odour and noise assessment will be undertaken to ensure that all relevant amenity impacts are managed to appropriate levels.

The nearest aerodrome for jet aircraft is 23km north west and the nearest aerodrome for piston- engine propeller-driven aircraft is approximately 8km west. The nearest natural surface water is located well outside the 100m separation distance at approximately 1.6km south.

6.6 Sensitive Sites

The Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia (DAFWA) maintain a database to identify sensitive agricultural production systems within the agricultural region of WA. Sensitive agricultural systems are those DAFWA and property owners believe are a sensitive Site such as certified organic, certified biodynamic, aquaculture, viticulture, horticulture and tree nurseries. Sites can be registered with DAFWA who assess the eligibility of the Site. A search of the DAFWA database indicates that a Sensitive Site is located adjacent to the Site on the eastern boundary. The site is listed as an Aquaculture Site. The closest pond infrastructure associated with the Aquaculture Site is located approximately 1km from the proposed landfill boundary.

6.7 Mining Tenements

A review of the Department of Mines and Petroleum (DMP) mining tenement data indicated that the Site is not located within any category of mining tenement.

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7 Summary of Environmental and Social Attributes

The environmental and social attributes of the Site are summarised in the following table.

Table 7—1: Summary of Environmental and Social Attributes Attribute Summary Topography The Site topography ranges from 62m AHD to 72m AHD from south to north. The Department of Mines and Petroleum (DMP) described the underlying geology as consisting of Granitic gneiss and metagranite. The overlying geology forms the Plantagenet Group which consists of the Werillup Formation and the Pallinup Formation. The Pallinup Formation consists of Pallinup Siltstone, a light coloured and often banded siltstone and spongolite. The DMP describe the Geology surface geology for the Site as sand or gravel plains consisting of quartz sand sheets commonly ferruginous pisoliths or pebbles, minor clay, local calcrete, laterite, silcrete, silt, clay, alluvium, colluvium and aeolian sand. There are no fault lines located within the Site. The nearest fault line is 1.7km east of the landfill boundary. The geotechnical investigation indicated that the soils across the Site are generally homogenous and consisted of the following:  Sand - Loose to dense, fine grained and generally corresponding to the root Soils zone for the surrounding Tasmanian Blue Gum trees;  Sandy silty clay- Firm to stiff of low plasticity;  Sandy clay - Stiff with moderate plasticity; and  Interbedded sandstone and siltstone representing the Pallinup Formation. The desktop assessment indicated that the Site has a low probability occurrence Acid Sulphate of ASS. Observations during the hydrogeological investigations confirmed the Soils absence of ASS in the Site. The DotEE PMST identified a total of four significant flora species or habitats likely to or that may occur within a 5km radius. The DPAW results indicated that sixty Flora nine priority flora species and nine Threatened species were located within a 20km radius of the Site. The Flora survey confirmed that no Threatened or Priority Flora Species are located within the Site. A search of DPAW databases for Threatened and Priority Fauna found forty seven fauna species of Conservational Significance identified within a 20km search area of the Site. This included marine species which will not occur within the Site. Fauna The DotEE PMST identified a total of 10 Listed Threatened Species and seven Listed Migratory Species identified within the 5km search area. The Fauna survey confirmed that no Threatened or Priority Fauna species are located within the Site. The DotEE PMST indicated that the Site is located within mapped distribution of an Endangered TEC ‘Proteaceae Dominated Kwongkan Shrublands of the Southeast Coastal Floristic Province of Western Australia’. The distributed Ecological mapping of this TEC was regarded as ‘indicative’ only. Communities DPAW results indicated that the ‘Proteaceae Dominated Kwongkan Shrublands of the Southeast Coastal Floristic Province of Western Australia’is have been recorded within a 5km buffer of the Site. The Flora survey confirmed that no TEC or PECs are located within the Site. Environmentally The Site is not located within an ESA.

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Attribute Summary Sensitive Areas A small area on the southern boundary is mapped as a Bushfire Prone Area and Bush Fire Risk as the Site is predominantly a Tasmanian Blue Gum Plantation, a Bushfire Area Assessment and Fire Management Plan will need to be prepared as part of the development of the Site. Public Drinking The Site is located outside of any PDWSAs, with the nearest recorded PDWSA Water Source being located approximately 16km to the south west and is defined as a PDWSA Areas Priority 1 ‘Esperance Water Reserve ’. Surface water within the Site consists of small constructed dams. A minor ephemeral creek line is located immediately north of the Site. The creek line is associated with Bandy Creek located approximately 2km to the West. Another Surface water creek line (Doombup Creek) is located to the south east of the Site which feeds into Doombup Lake. Small surface water bodies are located south of the scarp where groundwater is expressed. A portion of the Site is located in the Lake Warden Wetlands Catchment (Bandy Catchment Creek Sub -Catchment) which is classified as Priority 2 catchment area. areas Approximately 70% of the Site is located within the Doombup Catchment of which 90% has been cleared for pastoral purposes. The nearest RAMSAR wetland is approximately 15km to the west of the Site. The wetland is identified as the Lake Warden System. Two Regionally Significant Wetlands Bannitup Lake and Doombup Lake are located approximately 3.5km Wetlands and 2km south of the Site. These wetlands are proposed to be included in the Mullet Lake Reserve Extension therefore a precautionary approach has be taken in the event these lakes are classified as RAMSAR. The nearest Floodplain 100 year ARI area is 2 km west of the Site, and is Floodplains associated with Bandy Creek. Groundwater within the region is classified as generally brackish to saline. The Groundwater results from the Geotechnical Investigation indicated that the depth to Proclaimed Areas groundwater ranges between 15.12 metres below ground level (mBGL) to 2.5 mBGL. Department of Water (DoW) 1:250,000 Hydrogeological Map identifies two distinct aquifers: Aquifers  Sedimentary aquifer-extensive aquifer, minor to major resources; and  Fractured and weathered rocks – Local aquifer, very minor to no resources The Hydrogeological Investigation indicated that the groundwater was brackish, and sometimes exceeded Stock Water 2000 Guideline levels. Groundwater was noted to be flowing in a south west direction. The groundwater levels across the Groundwater Site vary from 2.5mBGL to 15.12mBGL. Hydraulic conductivity across the Site was calculated to be a maximum of 0.38 m/day. Darcy’s seepage velocity was determined to be 2.59 m/year. The Site is located outside of any proclaimed surface water areas, with the Surface Water nearest being over 300 km to the west associated with the ‘Warren River and Proclaimed Areas Tributaries’ area. The DER confirmed that the Site has not been reported as a known or suspected Contaminated contaminated site prior to or after the commencement of the Contaminated Sites Database Sites Act 2003.

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Attribute Summary The FOI request submitted to the DER indicated that there are no records found for the Site. DPAW advised that there were no Declared Rare Flora (DRF) or Priority State Flora (PF) known to occur within the Site, however, the absence of records does Government FOI not indicate that there are no species present. The Flora and Fauna survey confirmed there are no DRF of PF within the Site. Aboriginal No known sites of Aboriginal significance are known to occur within the Site. Heritage Native Title The Site is not located within a Registered Native Title Claim. European No recorded sites of European heritage from the State register occur within or Heritage immediately adjacent to the Site. No sensitive land uses within 150m of the Site. The nearest approved single Separation residence is 1.75km to the south west. The nearest residential subdivision is Distances approximately 10km to the west. An Aquaculture Site is located approximately 1km east of the landfill boundary. Under the Shire’s Town Planning Scheme No. 23 (TPS 23), the Site is zoned as Town Planning Agriculture – General. Mining The Site is not located within a mining tenement. Tenements

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8 Landfill Capability Assessment

8.1 Policy Reform

The State Government regulation of Prescribed Premises is becoming more stringent facilitated through a variety of programs which have been undertaken by the DER. A key aspect of this is a more consistent approach to specifying standards. The DER has adopted a more holistic approach to the adoption of the Victorian EPA’s 2015 Best Practice Environmental Management Guidelines for the Siting, Design, Operation and Rehabilitation of Landfills across the State particularly in major Regional Centres. The DER’s view is that these BPEM Guidelines should apply to both old and new landfills and particularly those that have higher risk of undue impacts, which is having significant ramifications for the owners and operators of these facilities. This holistic approach to compliance with the BPEM Standards has resulted in many of the LGAs in rural areas commencing costly exercises to achieve compliance to ensure that long term disposal services can be provided to their communities.

These Landfill BPEM Guidelines cover the siting, design, operation and rehabilitation and therefore cover the whole of life for landfill facilities. A key requirement of the BPEM Guidelines is for landfills to have a composite lining system on its base as well as leachate and gas collection systems. Furthermore, when the landfilling has been completed the landfill cells will be capped off with a lining system. This has significantly increased the waste management costs for the local government particularly in the Regional Centres. However, this cost increase presents the opportunity for more sustainable waste practices such as resource recovery, which can be either attractive or cost neutral to best practice landfilling costs.

8.2 Capability Assessment

To examine the suitability of the Site for landfilling activities, Talis assessed the Site specific information gathered as part of this study against the following documents:

 EPA Victoria 2015 BPEM guidelines;  EPA WA 2005 Guidance Statement 3;  EPA 2015 Draft Guidance Statement.

The DER has continually supported the utilisation of the BPEM Standards for metropolitan and major regional centre landfills throughout WA. The BPEM Standards aim to “provide existing and future operators of landfills, planning authorities and regulating bodies with:

 Information on the potential impact of landfills on the environment and how this is to be assessed;  A clear statement of environmental performance objectives of each segment of the environment; and  Information on how to avoid or minimise environmental impacts, including suggested Best Practice Landfill Guidelines measures, to assist them to meet the objectives.”

To identify any potential barriers to the establishment of a landfill on the Site, Talis has compared the environmental and social values surrounding the Site to the relevant aspects contained with the BPEM Standards, including:

 Buffer and separation distances;  Topography;

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 Geological setting; and  Flora and Fauna.

This assessment identifies the environmental and social attributes of the Site which currently meet BPEM Standards, as well as those requiring further investigation. The results of the assessment are presented in Table 8—1.

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Table 8—1: Assessment of Environmental and Social Attributes against BEPM Guidelines Guideline Factor Requirement/Guideline Key Comments Further Action Required met by Site There are no single residences located within 150m of the boundary of the landfill. The nearest single residence is an unapproved residence approximately 885m south east from the landfill 150m from a single residence Yes boundary. The nearest statutory approved single None residence is 1.7km west of the landfill boundary. The closest infrastructure associated with an Aquaculture Site located east of the Site is approximately 1km from the landfill boundary. Buffer and The nearest subdivision is approximately 10km from 500m from a residential subdivision Yes None Separation the landfill boundary. Distances 1500m from piston-engine propeller- Nearest aerodrome is approximately 8km to the Yes None driven aircraft aerodromes west of the landfill boundary. Nearest Jet aircraft aerodome is 23km to the north 3000m from jet aircraft aerodromes Yes None west from the landfill boundary. The closet fault line is approximately 1.7km east None 100m from a fault line Yes from the landfill boundary. Two small naturally occurring water bodies are 100m from surface water body Yes located within the Site. The landfill will not be None located within 100m of these surface water bodies. The Site slopes upward from 62m AHD in the south to 72m AHD in the north. The Site is predominantly Consider natural features which will Topography Yes covered by areas of Tasmanian Blue Gum None reduce the visual impact of the landfill Plantation which will assist with reducing visual impact of operations.

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Guideline Factor Requirement/Guideline Key Comments Further Action Required met by Site The results of the Geotechnical Investigation confirmed that the Site consists of Sand - Loose to Prefer sites with naturally attenuating dense, fine grained and generally corresponding to soils, such as sites in clayey areas, the root zone for the surrounding Tasmanian Blue than those in sandy areas. Highly Yes Gum trees; None attenuating soils minimise the impacts Sandy silty clay- Firm to stiff of low plasticity; of leachate on the soil and Sandy clay - Stiff with moderate plasticity; and Soils groundwater below the landfill. Interbedded sandstone and siltstone representing the Pallinup Formation Avoid soils and sediments exhibiting The Site is located in an area with a low probability ASS characteristics (DER’s General of occurrence of ASS. Observations made during Yes None Guidance on Managing Acid the geotechnical investigation confirmed the Sulphate Soils 2003) absence of ASS. Should not be located in Critical No Threatened or Priority Flora and Fauna Species habitats of taxa and communities of Yes None were found during the Flora and Fauna Survey. flora and fauna. Areas where landfilling is likely to have Flora and a significant impact on threatened Fauna species and ecological communities No Threatened or Priority Flora and Fauna Species as identified in the Environmental Yes were found during the Flora and Fauna Survey. No None Protection and Biodiversity TEC or PECs were found to occur within the Site. Conservation Act 1999, except with the approval of the Commonwealth Environment Minister. Should not be located wetlands The nearest mapped RAMSAR wetland, the Lake Surface Water Yes None protected under RAMSAR and Warden System, is located over 15kms to the west

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Guideline Factor Requirement/Guideline Key Comments Further Action Required met by Site JAMBA/CAMBA treaties. of the Site. The Site is not located within a PDWSA. The nearest Drinking Water supply catchments; Yes PDWSA is located approximately 16km to the south None west. Within a 1-in-100 year floodplain (unless it can be demonstrated that Nearest mapped floodplain area is located the facility will be protected from Yes None approximately 2km to the west of the Site. flooding and erosion by flood waters); or Should not be located in areas of potable groundwater; Groundwater recharge areas; The Site is not located within a Groundwater Areas identified by the DER as a Proclaimed Area or Public Drinking Water Source Groundwater Yes None Groundwater Supply Area; or Area. Below the regional watertable. For a Class II (Putrescible) landfill, minimum thickness of the attenuation zone is 2m.

8.3 Landfill Capability Outcome

The environmental and social attributes of the Site were assessed again the BPEM Guidelines to ensure the Site meets all requirements for the siting of a landfill. Following assessment of this information it was determined that the Site complies with all the relevant siting requirements as specified within the BEPM Guidelines.

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9 Landfill Design Guidance

As outlined previously, the Shire is committed to adhering to the Best Practice Landfill Guidelines. The key design requirements of the Best Practice Landfill Guidelines are discussed within the following section, categorised as follows:

 Site Master Plan;  Basal Lining System;  Earthworks;  Leachate Collection and Extraction;  Covering Materials;  Capping and Restoration; and  Gas Management.

9.1 Site Master Pan

To ensure that all potential future uses and spatial requirements at the proposed landfill Site are identified and appropriately planned for, a Master Plan was developed. In accordance with Best Practice Landfill Standards, the layout of the Site will support safety, efficiency and resource recovery. The Master Plan identifies the areas on Site to be used for the following activities:

 Landfill area;  Landfill expansion area;  Evaporation ponds;  Material stockpile area;  Maintenance shed;  Local neighbourhood drop of area; and  Reception area (office, gate house and weighbridge).

The most appropriate location for each of these facilities was determined according to information gathered on the Site to date.

The entrance to the Site will occur from Kirwan Road.

9.2 Basal Lining System

The Best Practice Landfill Guidelines recommends the basal lining system comprises a composite system. Arising from the geotechnical investigation, clay material has been found at the Site which will be utilised for an engineered attenuation layer within the basal lining design below the composite lining system. The proposed basal lining system to meet the requirements of the Best Practice Landfill Guidelines are outlined below:

 A 500mm thick clay layer sourced from onsite excavations will be constructed at the base of the landfill to form an engineered attenuation layer above the naturally occurring in situ attenuation soils;  A low permeable Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) consisting of layer of bentonite bonded between two layers of woven and nonwoven geotextiles, will be installed in direct contact with the engineered clay liner as part of the composite lining system;

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 A 2mm High Density Polyethylene Plastic (geomembrane) will overlie the Clay/GCL as an artificial sealing liner to form the upper part of the composite lining system; and  Above the composite lining system, a 300mm thick layer of permeable gravel with an associated network of perforated collection pipes will act as the leachate collection system. The composite lining system will be protected from the leachate collection system and overlying materials with a non-woven protection/cushion geotextile. The protection/cushion geotextile will be specified to account for the grading of the gravel and long term loading from waste disposal operations.

9.3 Leachate Collection and Extraction

The leachate collection layer formed by the imported gravel is further enhanced by the incorporation of a network of perforated high density polyethylene (HDPE). Typically, there are two types in each cell. A primary collection pipe which runs down the centre of the cell in a shallow trough. Feeding into this are smaller bore secondary pipes spaced up to 25m apart. Working together, the gravel layer and collection pipes offer an effective long term solution for the quick extraction of leachate from the base of the landfill.

Best Practice Landfill Guidelines infers that the top of the leachate collection layer should have a geotextile layer to prevent fine particles from the waste mass filtering into the gravel and blocking the pore space and adversely affecting the permeability. However, conversely the filter geotextile can suffer from biological clogging which reduces the permeability anyway. The combination of a highly porous gravel and leachate collection pipes ensures that there is sufficient redundancy in the system to accommodate deterioration over time.

To manage leachate, a lagoon should be excavated into the ground to a net depth of about 1.5m to allow sufficient freeboard for inadvertent overflows. The design of the lagoon in terms of area is based on the evaporation equation specified within Best Practice Landfill Guidelines and should be completed as part of the design process. The surrounding environment is protected from impact by the inclusion of a basal lining system within the leachate lagoon to the same standard as that within the landfill.

The lagoon is securely fenced to prevent unauthorised access. It is conventional to install netting on the face of the lagoon such that should anyone fall in they can extricate themselves.

Leachate recirculation is a common practice used to aid the evaporation lagoon in the removal of leachate. Recirculation is the process of circulating the leachate from the lagoon back into the waste mass and active cells. This process has several advantages including:

 Leachate storage within the waste;  Increased landfill gas generation rate;  Increased waste settlement, leading to more efficient use of landfill void space;  Accelerated waste degradation; and  Minimising the area required for a leachate evaporation lagoon.

9.4 Covering Materials

Covering the waste is part of the daily requirements set forth by Best Practice Landfill Guidelines. The cover material should be considered in Material Balance Modelling to be obtained from the overburden soils.

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As the placement of the daily cover is a continuous process the costs of this are usually accepted to be operational and carried out by the Site staff and vehicles.

9.5 Capping and Restoration

The restoration and capping layer which covers the waste materials on completion of each cell is typically as follows:

 300mm of permeable material which acts as a regulating layer and, being sandy soils obtained from the overburden, will encourage gas to be collected under the low permeability sealing liner;  GCL and/or LLDPE geomembrane to provide a sealing liner;  1.2m thick layer of indigenous soils obtained from the overburden used to protect the low permeability capping layer and support revegetation; and  The surface should be landscaped with indigenous species to avoid long term erosion.

An integral part of the restoration of the landfill is the final profile and is a system of Surface Water Management System. The landfill profile needs to comply with the gradients specified within the Best Practice Landfill Guidelines which are between 1:5 and 1:20. The key objective of the final fill profiles as stipulated within the Best Practice Landfill Guidelines are to:

 Ensure the long term stability and integrity of the capping material and containment layer;  Promote natural surface water run-off;  Provide an aesthetically acceptable landform; and  Minimise long term maintenance requirements.

Essentially the Surface Water Management System will comprise a perimeter ditch that runs around the toe of the landfill and leads collected water to a sedimentation lagoon.

9.6 Gas Management

Modern landfills must include a comprehensive Gas Management System to control methane, carbon dioxide and a number of other gases generated as a result of the decomposition of the organic content within the waste stream.

The conventional method employed for regional landfills is to use vertical extraction wells connected to a pump and flare. The system would comprise:

 Vertical Extraction Wells;  Collection Pipework;  Gas Manifolds;  Condensate traps; and  Flare and or aspirating cowls.

Upon completion of filling a cell and prior to placing the restoration soils, wells are drilled through the waste and a HDPE well screen installed. The annulus is backfilled with gravel and beneath the capping layer a bentonite seal used to isolate it from the waste. On completion of the low permeability cap a well head is connected to the well. This is where the gas is extracted from within the waste and is connected to a pipeline from where gas is removed from the landfill. The well head also acts as a means of controlling the gas flow and permits gas measurements and monitoring to be undertaken. A chamber provides long term access to the well head.

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A pipeline takes the gas from the gas well to convenient points on the surface of the landfill. The pipework usually takes the form of a header which is the main thoroughfare for the gas into which shorter length of connectors from each individual well is linked.

Various headers are joined at a manifold which is used to blend gas flows from various parts of the Site to optimise gas collection and efficiencies. This is an enlarged manufactured steel or plastic chamber in which the headers are connected together to a single outlet which goes to the flare.

As the waste settles with time there is a risk that some of the pipelines will fall into depression. At these points condensate which arises from the cooling of the gas extracted from the waste mass will need to be drained otherwise the entire pipeline could be blocked with fluid. At these points, traps are used to drain the fluid. They resemble very short gas wells, but are designed not to collect gas, simply to filter the condensate.

At the other end of the outputs from the manifolds (there may be more than one, depending on the size of the landfill and layout of the collection pipework) the pipelines are connected to either a flare or gas engine. In either case there is an extraction pump which imparts a negative pressure to the waste mass. This draws the gas out of the waste and transports it to the flare.

The potential harmful gases are destroyed in a flare which burns the methane and associated elements. Alternatively, if sufficient gas is not generated for a flare, aspirating cowls are attached to the well head which allows the landfill gas to be released into the environment within a controlled manner.

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10 Government Approval and Processes

The following section maps out the relevant environmental approvals and processes required in order to provide the Shire with a full understanding of the legislative requirements for developing a landfill at the Site. The key environmental approvals and processes required for establishment and operation of the landfill are listed below.

Table 10—1: Summary Table of Statutory Processes Process Approval Authority Relevant legislation Environmental Impact Minister for the Environment Part IV of EP Act Assessment EPBC Act Referral for Matters of National Environmental Minister for the Environment Chapter 4 EPBC Act Significance (MNES) Department of Environment Works approval and licensing Part V of EP Act Regulation (DER)

Each of the environmental approvals and processes are outlined in the following sections.

10.1 Part IV – Environmental Impact Assessment

Approval Authority: Minister for the Environment

Under Section 38 of the EP Act, any project that could have a significant impact on the environment may be referred to the EPA to make a decision on whether a proposal should be assessed (under an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)), pursuant to Part IV of the EP Act. A project may be referred to the EPA by the proponent, a decision making authority or any other person (e.g. a member of the public).

Talis advocates referring projects to the EPA as a means of assessing any environmental issues. It is worthwhile noting that whilst a project is being considered by the EPA, no other planning or environmental approvals may be issued until the EPA process has been completed. By referring the project at an early stage, the risk of delays to the overall approvals process are minimised.

10.1.1 Data requirements

In determining the significance of a proposal, the EPA will take into consideration a range of issues, including:

 the extent and consequence of biophysical impacts;  the environmental values of the area affected;  the extent of emissions and their potential to unreasonably interfere with the health, welfare, convenience, comfort or amenity of people;  the potential for biophysical impacts of the proposal to significantly and adversely change people’s social surroundings;  the extent and rigour to which potential impacts have been investigated and described in the referral, and the confidence in the reliability of predicted impacts;  the extent to which the proposal implements the principles of sustainability;

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 the ability of Decision Making Authorities to place conditions on the proposals to ensure required environmental outcomes are achieved; and  the likely level of public interest and the extent to which the proponent has consulted with interested and affected people and responded to issues raised.

A full appraisal of each of these matters would necessarily be required during the course of the environmental impact assessment process.

10.1.2 Approval Process

A completed Referral form along with additional supporting document is the formal way to commence the EPA Referral process.

The EPA will review the documentation supplied as part of the Referral and make a decision whether to ‘Assess’ the proposal within 28 days of receipt of all required information1. Where a project is ‘Assessed’, the EPA will prepare a report documenting the findings of their assessment and recommendations in terms of approval (or otherwise). This will be made publicly available and the Minister for Environment will ultimately make the decision to approve the facility (subject to a range of conditions). If the EPA determines that there will likely be a significant impact they may choose to assess the proposal as either an Assessment on Proponent Information or as a Public Environmental Review. The most onerous of these is the Public Environmental Review (PER). This can take several years to progress in certain circumstances. Should the EPA determine that a proposal will be assessed, they will agree a proposal assessment timeline with the proponent at the beginning of the assessment process.

Where the project is ‘Not Assessed’, the EPA simply notes this and no further Part IV approvals are required. In relation to Prescribed Premises, such as a landfill facility, the EPA may determine that the proposal is “Not Assessed – Managed under Part V of the Act”.

10.2 Part V – Works Approval and Licencing

Approval Authority: Department of Environment Regulation

The Department of Environment Regulation (DER) is responsible for the regulation of Prescribed Premises under Part V of the Environmental Protection Act. Certain industrial premises with significant potential to cause emissions and discharges to air, land or water are known as ‘Prescribed Premises’ and trigger regulation under the EP Act. Those activities that are considered to be Prescribed Premises, and their associated production or design thresholds, are listed in Schedule 1 of the Environmental Protection Regulations 1987.

A new proposed facility that is considered to be a Prescribed Premises requires a Works Approval for its construction and a Licence (or Registration) for its operation both of which are assessed and, if the proposal is acceptable, issued by the DER. Works Approvals and Licences are issued with legally binding conditions that apply to specific premises, including landfills, and are intended to prevent or

1Environmental Protection Authority. Environmental Assessment Guidelines for Timelines for environmental impact assessment of proposals. Available: http://edit.epa.wa.gov.au/EPADocLib/EAG6-Timelines%20March%202013.pdf

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minimise the potential for pollution. Registrations are issued to premises that are managed through industry-generic Regulations and Codes of Practice.

As part of the DER’s Works Approval applications process, they will assess whether the engineering controls designed for the waste management facility are appropriate and that any potential impacts during the construction works are minimised to the appropriate standards. If satisfied of the above, the DER will issue a Works Approval, which will contain a variety of legally binding conditions.

The DER will undertake a similar assessment for a Licence application. The licence includes a variety of conditions on the performance standards, environmental management measures, monitoring and reporting requirements for the operation of the facility.

10.2.1 Application Process

The DER has recently revised its Works Approval and Licence application process. Historically, proponents were required to make an application for a Works Approval, which the DER would assess prior to consideration of a Licence application. At the time of writing, proponents are now able to make concurrent applications to the DER for both a Works. Approval and Licence (or Registration) in one application form making the process more streamlined.

The first stage of the application process is to arrange a pre-application (scoping) meeting with the DER. This is an optional stage that provides an opportunity for the proponent to discuss details of the proposal with the DER prior to submission of the application. The DER can advise on the application process and anticipated timescales and provide guidance on matters specific to the proposal. The Shire and Talis have already consulted with the DER on the Project and the Site.

The application form sets out the information the DER considers necessary to undertake their assessment. Each section is provided with guidance notes to assist with completion. The information contained within the application form can be supported with a separate overarching document.

10.3 EPBC Act Referral for MNES

Approval Authority: Minister for the Environment

The DotEE Matters of National Environmental Significance (MNES); Significant Impact Guidelines 1.1 (MNES Guidelines) outline significant impact criteria to assist within determining if a project requires referral under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). A project requires referral if it is likely to have a significant impact on a MNES. In order to determine if an action is likely to have a significant impact a proponent undertakes a ‘self-assessment’ using the MNES Guidelines. If the Proponent determines that the action requires referral, the action is referred to the Minister for the Environment (Minister) through the Department of the Environment and Energy (DotEE).

10.3.1 Referral Process

Following submission of the referral by the proponent, the Minister will make a decision within 20 business days if approval is required. The Minister will determine if the action is a ‘Controlled Action’, ‘Not Controlled Action – Particular Manner’ or a ‘Not Controlled Action’. A Controlled Action is subject to the assessment and approval process under the EPBC Act. A Not Controlled action –Particular Manner is whereby an approval is not required if undertaken in accordance with the manner specified. A Not controlled action is where an action does not require referral if the action is undertaken in accordance with the referral.

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As detailed within this Report, the Shire has undertaken extensive environmental investigations on and surrounding the Site to determine if the proposed landfill will have a significant impact on any MNES. The HRA determined that the establishment of a landfill has a low level of risk and is not likely to have a significant impact.

The Flora and Fauna survey discussed the potential impacts on the TEC located south of the Site that is associated with Doombup Creek and stated that it is “unlikely that the proposal will have a detrimental effect on the ecological values of this system if all precautionary steps are taken to ensure that the landfill is secure and contained to the study area”. The Flora and Fauna survey also stated that Baudin’s Black Cockatoo, Carnaby’s Black Cockatoos, Peregrine Falcon and Rainbow Bee Eaters occur within the region however, it is “unlikely that the Proposal will have a detrimental impact on this species”.

Therefore, it is not anticipated that there will be a requirement for the Shire to refer the project under the EPBC Act. However, the Shire is currently in consultation with the DotEE in relation to this matter and will refer the proposal if required.

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11 Recommendations

Based on the Due Diligence and Landfill Capability Assessment, along with the findings of the detailed Site Investigations, Talis provides the following recommendation:

1. The Shire continues to progress the development of a modern Waste Management Facility at Lot 12 Kirwan Road, Merivale including proceeding with the Contract of Sale and commencing with the Environmental Approvals.

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12 References

Australian Soil Resource Information System (2014). Available online at: http://www.asris.csiro.au/mapping/viewer.htm

Bureau of Meterology (2013) Climate Data Online. Available online at: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/index.shtml?bookmark=136&zoom=1&lat=- 26.7905&lon=121.3165&layers=B00000TFFFFFFFTFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFTTT&dp=IDC10002-d

Cockbain A. E. (1968). The Stratigraphy of the Plantagenet Group, Western Australia. Geological Survey of Western Australia Annual Report For 1967, 99–101.

Chandra G. (2017) ‘Skeleton in sponges: Skeletal Structures in Porifera’ Available online at: http://www.iaszoology.com/skeleton-in-sponges/

Department of Conservation and Land Management (1999). Esperance Lakes Nature Reserves Management Plan 1999-2009. Management Plan no 39, National Parks and Nature Conservation Authority.

Department of Conservation and Land Management (2001). Review of the Department of Conservation and Land Management’s programs January 1997 to June 2000.

Department of Environment and Conservation (2009). Ecological Character Description of the Lake Warden System RAMSAR Site: A Report by the Department of Environment and Conservation. Prepared by G. Watkins, Department of Environment and Conservation, Perth, Western Australia

Department of Mines and Petroleum WA Geology online database 2015 available online at: http://wageology.dmp.wa.gov.au/wageology/

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2016). Esperance and Recherche Parks and Reserves Management Plan 84.

Department of Planning (2014). Introduction to the West Australian Planning System. Available online at: https://www.planning.wa.gov.au/dop_pub_pdf/intro_to_planning_system.pdf

Department of Regional Development and Lands (n.d.) ‘Reserves’ Available online at: http://www.lands.wa.gov.au/Publications/Documents/State_Land_Brochure_Reserves.pdf

Department of Water (2008). Doombup Lake; South Coast Wetland Monitoring Project. 8 July 2008 Version One.

Environmental Protection Authority Victoria (2014). Best Practice Environmental Management for the Siting, Design, Operation and Rehabilitation of Landfills (October 2014) (BEPM Guidelines). Available online at: http://www.epa.vic.gov.au/~/media/Publications/788%202.pdf

Environmental Protection Authority (2015). Draft Environmental Assessment Guideline for Separation Distances Between Industrial and Sensitive Land Uses (2015) (EPA Draft Guidelines

Environmental Protection Authority (2005). Western Australia Environmental Protection Authority's (EPA’s) Guidance Statement No.3 - Separation Distances between Industrial and Sensitive Land Uses (June 2005).

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Government of Western Australia (2015). Frequently Asked Questions: What is Native Title. Available online at: https://www.dpc.wa.gov.au/lantu/WhatIsNativeTitle/Pages/FAQs.aspx

Heritage Council (2017). ‘Heritage Listings Explained’. State Heritage Office. Government of Western Australia. Available online at: http://www.stateheritage.wa.gov.au/about-us/importance-of- heritage/heritage-listings-explained

Johnson and Baddock (1998). Hydrogeology of the Esperance – Mondrain Island 1:250,000 sheet: Western Australia. Water and Rivers Commission, Hydrogeological Map Explanatory Note Series, Report HM 2, Perth.

Landgate (n.d.) WA Atlas Available online at: https://www2.landgate.wa.gov.au/bmvf/app/waatlas/

South Coast Rivercare (1997) Tributaries to the Lake Warden System; Tributaries to Lake Warden System at a glance. Accessed online at: http://www.rivercare.southcoastwa.org.au/infodata/esperancec/wardent/trib.html

Talis Consultants (2015), Site Selection Study; Freehold Land Assessment – Technical Report, August 2015.

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Figures

Figure 1: Locality Pan

Figure 2: Aerial Plan

Figure 3: Cadastral

Figure 4: Regional Topography

Figure 5: Site Topography

Figure 6: Geology

Figure 7: Environmentally Sensitive Areas

Figure 8: Nature Reserves

Figure 9: Fire Prone Areas

Figure 10: Hydrogeology

Figure 11: Site Hydrology

Figure 12: Catchment Areas

Figure 13: Regional Hydrology

Figure 14: Wetlands

Figure 15: Separation Distances

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d a o d R a n o a R w Site 19 s ir e ri K e h is 0 F 0 0 0 0 0 , , 0 0 6 6 2 2 , , 6 6

M e ri va le Ro ad © Talis Consultants Pty Ltd ("Talis") Copyright in the drawings, information and data recorded in this document ("the information") is the property of Talis. This document and the information are soley for the use of the authorised recipient and this document may not be used, transferred or reproduced in whole or part for any purpose other than that which it is supplied by Talis without written consent. Talis makes no representation, undertakes no duty and accepts no responsibility to any third party who may use or rely upon this document or the information.

LOCALITY

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0 0 metres 5 5 2 2

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Site Boundary 6,262,500 6,262,500 6,262,000 6,262,000

© Talis Consultants Pty Ltd ("Talis") Copyright in the drawings, information and data recorded in this document ("the information") is the property of Talis. This document and the information are soley for the use of the authorised recipient and this document may not be used, transferred or reproduced in whole or part for any purpose other than that which it is supplied by Talis without written consent. Talis makes no representation, undertakes no duty and accepts no responsibility to any third party who may use or rely upon this document or the information.

LOCALITY

Norseman Hyden

Esperance 6,261,500 6,261,500

Albany Site 19

km 0 55 110 220 330 440

SITE AERIAL

Site 19 Due Diligence

6,261,000 6,261,000 Esperance, WA

metres 0 50 100 200 300 400 Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Projection: Transverse Mercator, Datum: GDA 1994 ¤ Scale @ A3:1:10,000 Prepared: HDC Date: 9/03/2017 Checked: E.Porter Project No:TW17001 Reviewed:N.King Revision: A 6,260,500 6,260,500 Figure 02 Figure 411,500 412,000 412,500 413,000 413,500 414,000 Data source: Imagery: LandGate, 2017. Document Path: \\server\talis\SECTIONS\Waste\PROJECTS\TW2017\TW17001 - Site 19 Due Diligence\GIS\Maps\TW17001_002_siteAerial_RevA.mxd P PO Box 454, Leederville WA 6903 | A Level 1 660 Newcastle St, Leederville WA 6007 | T 1300 251 070 | W www.talisconsultants.com.au 409,000 410,000 411,000 412,000 413,000 414,000 415,000 416,000 LEGEND

Site Boundary

Cadastral Boundary 6,264,000 6,264,000 6,263,000 6,263,000

© Talis Consultants Pty Ltd ("Talis") Copyright in the drawings, information and data recorded in this document ("the information") is the property of Talis. This document and the information are soley for the use of the authorised recipient and this document may not be used, transferred or reproduced in whole or part for any purpose other than that which it is supplied by Talis without written consent. Talis makes no representation, undertakes no duty and

6,262,000 6,262,000 accepts no responsibility to any third party who may use or rely upon this document or the information.

LOCALITY

Norseman Hyden Site 19

Esperance 6,261,000 6,261,000

Albany

km 0 55 110 220 330 440

CADASTRAL

Site 19 Due Diligence 6,260,000 6,260,000 Esperance, WA

metres 0 100200 400 600 800 Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Projection: Transverse Mercator, Datum: GDA 1994 ¤ Scale @ A3:1:25,000 Prepared: HDC Date: 9/03/2017

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8 2 80 8 8 4708,000 410,000 412,000 414,000 416,000 90 418,000 7 76 7 8 LEGEND 6 8 2

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5 the information are soley for the use of the authorised recipient and 30 40 52 this document may not be used, transferred or reproduced in whole or part 60 8 for any purpose other than that which it is supplied by Talis without 70 6 written consent. Talis makes no representation, undertakes no duty and 6 72 accepts no responsibility to any third party who may use or rely upon this 4 document or the information. 0 0

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2 2 1 2 , , 0 8 5 7 16 22 24 8 6 6 14 26 3 4 1 18 6 0 8 68 70 2 6 26 0 2 12 2 2 1 6 2 2 22 6 4 6 12 8 8 2 2 4 8 REGIONAL 4 2 6 24 8 2 0 5 1 2 2 4 2 6 22 8 0 2 6 16 1 2 2 2 2 2 0 66 78 TOPOGRAPHY 6 6 2 22 4 6 2 6 30 4 2 2 2 4 26 2 8 2 6 0 3 0 1 2 2 4 24 2 1 16 2 6 0 1 2 96 26 8 4 8 2 6 1 2 2 0 8 2 6 4 8 2 4 0 3 6 1 6 Site 19 Due Diligence 20 2 2 2 8 4 4 2 34 1 8 1 2 2 6 6 2 6 0 4 6 0 20 1 2 16 Esperance, WA 6 2 2 0 6 1 1 8 1 2 8 2 8 4 6 6 1 6 2 1 1 6 7 1 0 5 4 4 4 2 5 9 1 16 2 6 2 1 4 8 0 6 1 4 2 1 2 5 2 4 1 16 6 1 7 4 2 1 2 8 1 4 6 4 6 2 14 1 6 1 2 1 6 1 0 1 18 2 4 0 2 2 16 4 28 20 1 0 0 metres 2 7 1 0 2 2 2 2 0 4 1 1 7 0 6 0 2 4 1 4 9 0 400 800 1,200 1,600 1 6 , 4 6 1 , 2 4 1 1 1 0

8 8 2 2 8 8 6 0 6 8 Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 2 2 2 2 1 5 5 0 8 2 1 6 6 4 6 6 3 Projection: Transverse Mercator, Datum: GDA 1994 2 4 2

, 1 1 6 , 1 16 8 3 4 2 Scale @ A3:1:40,000 4 6 8 18 0 0 1 18 4 6 1 8 6 ¤ 2 2 2 1 1 42 8 1 10 8 2 1 4 2 5 4 8 1 1 1 6 4 1 2 8 3 2 2 0 4 6 1 1 9 Prepared: HDC Date: 1/02/2017 1 6 1 4 2 4 8 30 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 8 0 8 6 2 1 6 0 4 1 2 9 4 4 4 16 2 1 8 1 0 Checked: E.Porter Project No:TW17001 4 2 1 2 6 88 8 2 2 6 4 2 1 1 8 4 0 1 1 8 8 1 3 2 1 2 8 0 Reviewed: N.King Revision: A 1 2 20 2 1 1 1 2 2 22 1 8 5 2 2 10 2 2 2 4 8 2 14 14 2 3 8 1 1 0 2 1 6 4 1 2 16 1 2 2 12 1 8 8 1 1 2 5 0 0 5 1 6 0 1 1 6 1 1 0 4 6 8 6 0 2 1 12 1 1 0 8 6 10 6 8 48 0 5 e 1 6 r 4 5 2 8 10 0 1 2 8 1 1 0 u 6 2 1 4 2 1 16 4 2 g 1 i 8 4 4 8 14 1 54

16 4 F 1 12 12 6 4 6 2 1 1 4088,000 410,000 10 412,000 414,000 1 0 416,000 4185,0200 4 56 1 2 6 0 8 54 5 2 4 8 8 1 8 10 8 1 46 50 Data source: Imagery: LandGate, 2016, Topography: DoW, 2014 Document Path: \\server\talis\SECTIONS\Waste\PROJECTS\TW2017\TW17001 - Site 19 Due Diligence\GIS\Maps\TW17001_00X_RegionalTopo_RevA.mxd P PO Box 454, Leederville WA 6903 | A Level 1 660 Newcastle St, Leederville WA 6007 | T 1300 251 070 | W www.talisconsultants.com.au 62 412,000 414,000 58 LEGEND 68 66 56 64 62 Contour (2m AHD) 60 74 Site Boundary

72 76

52 54 58 60 62 68 70 64

72

58 72 72

72

70

© Talis Consultants Pty Ltd ("Talis") Copyright in the drawings, information and data recorded in this document ("the information") is the property of Talis. This document and the information are soley for the use of the authorised recipient and 6,262,000 6,262,000 this document may not be used, transferred or reproduced in whole or part 68 for any purpose other than that which it is supplied by Talis without written consent. Talis makes no representation, undertakes no duty and accepts no responsibility to any third party who may use or rely upon this document or the information.

52 54 LOCALITY 70 Norseman 72 Hyden

48

70 56 Esperance 58 Site 19 60 68 68

62 68 Albany

66 km 0 55 110 220 330 440

64 SITE TOPOGRAPHY

Site 19 Due Diligence Esperance, WA 62

62 54 metres 52 60 60 0 100 200 300 400 500 50 Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 58 62 Projection: Transverse Mercator, Datum: GDA 1994 48 ¤ Scale @ A3:1:15,000 50 46 44 56 Prepared: HDC Date: 12/01/2017 36 42 64 Checked: E.Porter Project No:TW17001 Reviewed: Revision: A 34 N.King 6,260,000 6,260,000

48 50 52 26 40 54 56

38 05 24 32 28 22 30 28 24 46 26 Figure 22 26 24 28 412,000 414,000 Data source: Imagery: LandGate, 2016, Topography: DoW, 2014 Document Path: \\server\Talis\SECTIONS\Waste\PROJECTS\TW2017\TW17001 - Site 19 Due Diligence\GIS\Maps\TW17001_00X_Topo_RevA.mxd P PO Box 454, Leederville WA 6903 | A Level 1 660 Newcastle St, Leederville WA 6007 | T 1300 251 070 | W www.talisconsultants.com.au 410,000 412,000 414,000 416,000 418,000 LEGEND

Private Land Sites of Interest

Fault or shear zone

Fault or shear zone, major

Qdc: Beach sand, sand dunes, coastal dunes, beaches, and beach ridges; calcareous and siliceous, locally shelly and/or cemented (beach rock); locally reworked Qd: Dunes, sandplain with dunes and swales; may include numerous

6,264,000 6,264,000 interdune claypans; residual and aeolian sand with minor silt and clay; aeolian red quartz sand, clay and silt, in places gypsiferous; yellow hummocky sand Czcpl: Sandstone, siltstone, minor conglomeratic sandstone Czs: Sand or gravel plains; quartz sand sheets commonly with ferruginous pisoliths or pebbles, minor clay; local calcrete, laterite, silcrete, silt, clay, alluvium, colluvium, aeolian sand Mgne: Weakly to moderately deformed and recrystallised granite; even grained or porphyritic

Czcpl © Talis Consultants Pty Ltd ("Talis") Copyright in the drawings, information and data recorded in this document ("the information") is the property of Talis. This document and the information are soley for the use of the authorised recipient and this document may not be used, transferred or reproduced in whole or part for any purpose other than that which it is supplied by Talis without written consent. Talis makes no representation, undertakes no duty and

6,262,000 6,262,000 accepts no responsibility to any third party who may use or rely upon this document or the information.

LOCALITY Zeehan Czs Gibson Warrawoona Site 19

Esperance

km 0 5 10 20 30 40

6,260,000 6,260,000 GEOLOGY

Site 19 Due Diligence Esperance, WA

Qdc metres 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Projection: Transverse Mercator, Datum: GDA 1994 ¤ Scale @ A3:1:30,000 Prepared: HDC Date: 12/01/2017 Checked: E.Porter Project No:TW17001 Reviewed:N.King Revision: B Mgne 6,258,000 6,258,000 06

Qd Figure 410,000 412,000 414,000 416,000 418,000 Data source: Imagery: LandGate,Qd 2007. Geology: GSWA 250K Surface Geology Document Path: \\server\talis\SECTIONS\Waste\PROJECTS\TW2017\TW17001 - Site 19 Due Diligence\GIS\Maps\TW17001_00X_Geology_RevB.mxd P PO Box 454, Leederville WA 6903 | A Level 1 660 Newcastle St, Leederville WA 6007 | T 1300 251 070 | W www.talisconsultants.com.au 385,000 390,000 395,000 400,000 405,000 410,000 415,000 420,000 LEGEND 0 0

0 0 Threatened Priority Flora 0 0 , , 5 5 7 7 2 2

, , Site Boundary 6 6 Environmentally Sensitive Area (DER) Wetlands Register (EPP 1998) Geomorphic Wetland

Threatened Ecological 0 0 0 0

0 0 Community , , 0 0 7 7 2 2 , , 6 6

Esperance Sandplain 0 0 0 0 0 0 , , 5 5 6 6 2 2 , , 6 6

© Talis Consultants Pty Ltd ("Talis") Copyright in the drawings, information and data recorded in this document ("the information") is the property of Talis. This document and the information are soley for the use of the authorised recipient and this document may not be used, transferred or reproduced in whole or part for any purpose other than that which it is supplied by Talis without written consent. Talis makes no representation, undertakes no duty and accepts no responsibility to any third party who may use or rely upon this document or the information.

LOCALITY 0 0 0 0 0 0 , ,

0 Lake 0 6 6 2 2 , ,

6 Monjingup 6

Esperance L a k e W a r d e n W o o d y L a k e N a t u r e R e s e r v e N a t u r e R e s e r v e 0 0 0 0 0 0

, , km 5 5

5 5 0 40 80 160 240 320 2 2

, Pink Lake , 6 6 ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS

Site 19 Due Diligence Esperance, WA 0 0 0 0 0 0 , , 0 0 5 5 2 2 , ,

6 6 Kilometers 0 1 2 3 4 Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Projection: Transverse Mercator, Datum: GDA 1994 ¤ Scale @ A3:1:125,000 Prepared: HDC Date: 17/03/2017 Checked: E.Porter Project No:TW17001 Reviewed: N.King Revision: B 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C a p e L e G r a n d e , , 5 5 e 4 4

N a t i o n a l P a r k r 2 2 , , u 6 6 g i F 385,000 390,000 395,000 400,000 405,000 410,000 415,000 420,000 Data Sources: Imagery: Landgate, 2017. ESA: DER, 2016. Rare Flora: DPAW, 2016. Wetlands: EPP, 2010. Geomorphic Wetlands: DPaW, 2016. TEC: GA, 2012. Document Path: \\server\talis\SECTIONS\Waste\PROJECTS\TW2017\TW17001 - Site 19 Due Diligence\GIS\Maps\TW17001_007_ESA_RevB.mxd P PO Box 454, Leederville WA 6903 | A Level 1 660 Newcastle St, Leederville WA 6007 | T 1300 251 070 | W www.talisconsultants.com.au 400,000 402,500 405,000 407,500 410,000 412,500 415,000 LEGEND

Site Boundary 6,265,000 6,265,000 Lake Nature Reserve Proposed Nature Reserve 6,262,500 6,262,500

© Talis Consultants Pty Ltd ("Talis") Copyright in the drawings, information and data recorded in this document ("the information") is the property of Talis. This document and the information are soley for the use of the authorised recipient and this document may not be used, transferred or reproduced in whole or part for any purpose other than that which it is supplied by Talis without 6,260,000 6,260,000 written consent. Talis makes no representation, undertakes no duty and accepts no responsibility to any third party who may use or rely upon this document or the information.

LOCALITY MULLET LAKE

Esperance Mullet Lake DOOMBUP Nature Reserve LAKE 6,257,500 6,257,500

km 0 35 70 140 210 280

BANNITUP LAKE NATURE RESERVES

Site 19 Due Diligence Esperance, WA 6,255,000 6,255,000

Kilometers 0 0.25 0.5 1 1.5 Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Projection: Transverse Mercator, Datum: GDA 1994 ¤ Scale @ A3:1:50,000 Prepared: HDC Date: 22/03/2017 Checked: E.Porter Project No:TW17001 Reviewed: N King Revision: A 6,252,500 6,252,500 Figure 08 Figure 400,000 402,500 405,000 407,500 410,000 412,500 415,000

Document Path: \\server\talis\SECTIONS\Waste\PROJECTS\TW2017\TW17001 - Site 19 Due Diligence\GIS\Maps\TW17001_008_Reserves_RevA.mxd P PO Box 454, Leederville WA 6903 | A Level 1 660 Newcastle St, Leederville WA 6007 | T 1300 251 070 | W www.talisconsultants.com.au 406,000 408,000 410,000 412,000 414,000 416,000 418,000 420,000 LEGEND

6,268,000 6,268,000 Site Boundary

Bush Fire Prone Area 6,266,000 6,266,000 6,264,000 6,264,000

© Talis Consultants Pty Ltd ("Talis") Copyright in the drawings, information and data recorded in this document ("the information") is the property of Talis. This document and the information are soley for the use of the authorised recipient and this document may not be used, transferred or reproduced in whole or part for any purpose other than that which it is supplied by Talis without written consent. Talis makes no representation, undertakes no duty and accepts no responsibility to any third party who may use or rely upon this document or the information.

LOCALITY

6,262,000 6,262,000 Norseman Hyden Site 19

Esperance

Albany 6,260,000 6,260,000 km 0 55 110 220 330 440

FIRE PRONE AREAS

Site 19 Due Diligence Esperance, WA 6,258,000 6,258,000

metres 0 250 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Projection: Transverse Mercator, Datum: GDA 1994 ¤ Scale @ A3:1:50,000 Prepared: HDC Date: 13/01/2017 Checked: E.Porter Project No:TW17001 Reviewed:N.King Revision: A 6,256,000 6,256,000

406,000 408,000 410,000 412,000 414,000 416,000 418,000 420,000 Figure 09 Data source: Imagery: LandGate, 2016, Bushfire Areas: DFES, 2016. Document Path: \\server\talis\SECTIONS\Waste\PROJECTS\TW2017\TW17001 - Site 19 Due Diligence\GIS\Maps\TW17001_00X_fireProneAreas_RevA.mxd P PO Box 454, Leederville WA 6903 | A Level 1 660 Newcastle St, Leederville WA 6007 | T 1300 251 070 | W www.talisconsultants.com.au 408,000 409,500 411,000 412,500 414,000 415,500 417,000 LEGEND

Site Boundary P_ng: Fractured and weathered rocks - local aquifer, very minor or no groundwater resources P_ngo: Fractured and weathered rocks - local aquifer, very minor or no groundwater resources 6,264,000 6,264,000 Qa: Surficial aquifer - local sedimentary aquifer, minor groundwater resources Qs: Surficial aquifer - local sedimentary aquifer, major P_ng groundwater resources TPpg: Sedimentary aquifer - extensive aquifer, minor to major groundwater resources 6,262,500 6,262,500

© Talis Consultants Pty Ltd ("Talis") Copyright in the drawings, information and data recorded in this document ("the information") is the property of Talis. This document and the information are soley for the use of the authorised recipient and this document may not be used, transferred or reproduced in whole or part for any purpose other than that which it is supplied by Talis without TPpg written consent. Talis makes no representation, undertakes no duty and accepts no responsibility to any third party who may use or rely upon this document or the information.

LOCALITY

P_ng Site 19 Norseman Hyden 6,261,000 6,261,000 Esperance Qa

Albany

km 0 55 110 220 330 440

HYDROGEOLOGY

6,259,500 6,259,500 Site 19 Due Diligence Esperance, WA

metres Qs 0 150 300 600 900 1,200 P_ng Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Projection: Transverse Mercator, Datum: GDA 1994 ¤ Scale @ A3:1:30,000 Prepared: HDC Date: 11/01/2017 Checked: E.Porter Project No:TW17001 Reviewed:N.King Revision: A P_ngo 6,258,000 6,258,000

P_ng

P_ngo Figure 1 0 408,000 409,500 411,000 412,500 414,000 415,500 417,000 Data source: Imagery: LandGate, 2016, Rivers, Lakes: DoW, 2014. Groundwater Proclamaition: DWAID Document Path: \\server\talis\SECTIONS\Waste\PROJECTS\TW2017\TW17001 - Site 19 Due Diligence\GIS\Maps\TW17001_00X_HydroGeology_RevA.mxd P PO Box 454, Leederville WA 6903 | A Level 1 660 Newcastle St, Leederville WA 6007 | T 1300 251 070 | W www.talisconsultants.com.au 409,000 410,000 411,000 412,000 413,000 414,000 LEGEND

Creek Groundwater Contour (mAHD)

6,263,000 6,263,000 Site Boundary Flood Plain Mapping 60

59

58

57

k e 56 e r

6,262,000 55 6,262,000 C

p

u 54 d i r

e 53 © Talis Consultants Pty Ltd ("Talis") Copyright in the drawings, information and data recorded in this document ("the information") is the property of Talis. This document and N the information are soley for the use of the authorised recipient and this document may not be used, transferred or reproduced in whole or part for any purpose other than that which it is supplied by Talis without written consent. Talis makes no representation, undertakes no duty and accepts no responsibility to any third party who may use or rely upon this 52 document or the information.

51 LOCALITY

6,261,000 50 6,261,000

49 Gibson 48

47 46 Esperance 45 e k C r e u p m b D o o 44

km 0 10 20 40 60 80 42 6,260,000 6,260,000 B a n d y C r e e k SITE HYDROLOGY

Site 19 Due Diligence Esperance, WA

metres 0 100 200 400 600 800 Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Projection: Transverse Mercator, Datum: GDA 1994 6,259,000 6,259,000 ¤ Scale @ A3:1:20,000 Prepared: HDC Date: 22/03/2017 Checked: E.Porter Project No:TW17001 Reviewed: N King Revision: D

Doombup Lake Figure 11 Figure 409,000 410,000 411,000 412,000 413,000 414,000 Data Source: Flood: DoW, 2016. Creek: DoW. 2016. Document Path: \\server\talis\SECTIONS\Waste\PROJECTS\TW2017\TW17001 - Site 19 Due Diligence\GIS\Maps\TW17001_012_siteHydrology_RevD.mxd P PO Box 454, Leederville WA 6903 | A Level 1 660 Newcastle St, Leederville WA 6007 | T 1300 251 070 | W www.talisconsultants.com.au 380,000 390,000 400,000 410,000 420,000 430,000 LEGEND

Site Boundary

Creek

Lake

Inset Map Extent B 6,290,000 6,290,000

a Lake Warden Wetlands

n Catchments d Bannitup Lake y Catchment

k C C

e Doombup Lake o r

e Catchment r e

r a

e RAMSAR Catchment

C m k Special Control Area

p u

u Priority 1 p Lake Warden Wetlands d C a t c h m e n t s i Priority 2 C r

6,280,000 e 6,280,000 r Priority 3 N e

e

k

© Talis Consultants Pty Ltd ("Talis") Copyright in the drawings, information and data recorded in this document ("the information") is the property of Talis. This document and the information are soley for the use of the authorised recipient and this document may not be used, transferred or reproduced in whole or part for any purpose other than that which it is supplied by Talis without written consent. Talis makes no representation, undertakes no duty and accepts no responsibility to any third party who may use or rely upon this document or the information.

LOCALITY

Norseman Hyden 6,270,000 6,270,000

Doombup Lake Esperance C a t c h m e n t

Albany

Site 19 km 0 50 100 200 300 400 500

6,260,000 6,260,000 CATCHMENT

Bannitup Lake AREAS C a t c h m e n t Site 19 Due Diligence W e s t L a k e s Esperance, WA

Kilometers 0 2.5 5 7.5 Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Projection: Transverse Mercator, Datum: GDA 1994 ¤ Scale @ A3:1:200,000 Prepared: HDC Date: 15/02/2017 6,250,000 6,250,000 Checked: E.Porter Project No:TW17001 Reviewed:N.King Revision: A Figure 1 2 380,000 390,000 400,000 410,000 420,000 430,000 Data source: Imagery: LandGate, 2016, Lakes: DoW, 2014. Catchments: DoW, 2016. Drainage: DoW, 2016. Document Path: \\server\talis\SECTIONS\Waste\PROJECTS\TW2017\TW17001 - Site 19 Due Diligence\GIS\Maps\Fact Sheet\TW17001_002_Catchments_RevA.mxd P PO Box 454, Leederville WA 6903 | A Level 1 660 Newcastle St, Leederville WA 6007 | T 1300 251 070 | W www.talisconsultants.com.au

0 380,000 390,000 400,000 410,000 420,000 0

0 0 LEGEND 0 0 , , 0 0 9 9 2 2 , ,

6 6 Creek

Site Boundary

Lake RIWI Act - Groundwater Proclaimed Area RAMSAR Catchment Special Control Area Priority 1

Priority 2

Priority 3

0 0 Public Drinking Water 0 0 0 0 , , Source Area 0 0 8 8 2 2 , ,

6 6 Priority 1

Priority 2

Gibson Priority 3 Groundwater Area

© Talis Consultants Pty Ltd ("Talis") Copyright in the drawings, information and data recorded in this document ("the information") is the property of Talis. This document and the information are soley for the use of the authorised recipient and this document may not be used, transferred or reproduced in whole or part for any purpose other than that which it is supplied by Talis without written consent. Talis makes no representation, undertakes no duty and accepts no responsibility to any third party who may use or rely upon this document or the information.

LOCALITY

Norseman Hyden 0 0 0 0

0 BENJE 0 , , 0 0

7 BENJENUP 7 2 2 , ,

6 LAKE 6 Esperance

LAKE CAITUP Albany

km 0 50 100 200 300 400

SHARK REGIONAL LAKE HYDROLOGY

0 Site 19 0 Site 19 Due Diligence 0 0 0 0 , ,

0 0 Esperance, WA 6 6 2 2 , C r e e k , 6 MULLET n d y 6 B a LAKE LAKE Kilometers WARDEN DOOMBUP LAKE 0 1 2 3 4 Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Projection: Transverse Mercator, Datum: GDA 1994 ¤ Scale @ A3:1:150,000 Esperance BANNITUP Groundwater LAKE Prepared: HDC Date: 22/03/2017 Area Checked: E.Porter Project No:TW17001 PINK LAKE Reviewed: N.King Revision: B 3 1

e r u g i F 380,000 390,000 400,000 410,000 420,000 Data source: Imagery: LandGate, 2016, Rivers, Lakes: DoW, 2014. Groundwater Proclamaition: DWAID. RAMSAR: DEC, 2016. PDSWA: DoW, 2016. Document Path: \\server\talis\SECTIONS\Waste\PROJECTS\TW2017\TW17001 - Site 19 Due Diligence\GIS\Maps\TW17001_013_Hydrology150k_RevB.mxd P PO Box 454, Leederville WA 6903 | A Level 1 660 Newcastle St, Leederville WA 6007 | T 1300 251 070 | W www.talisconsultants.com.au 405,000 410,000 415,000 LEGEND

0 0 Site Boundary 0 0 0 0 , , 5 5

6 6 Lake 2 2 , , 6 6 Geomorphic Wetland

RAMSAR Wetland Boundary

Site 19

© Talis Consultants Pty Ltd ("Talis") Copyright in the drawings, information and data recorded in this document ("the information") is the property of Talis. This document and the information are soley for the use of the authorised recipient and 0 0 this document may not be used, transferred or reproduced in whole or part 0 0 for any purpose other than that which it is supplied by Talis without 0 0 , , written consent. Talis makes no representation, undertakes no duty and 0 0 accepts no responsibility to any third party who may use or rely upon this 6 6 document or the information. 2 2 , , 6 6 LOCALITY

Norseman MULLET Hyden LAKE

Esperance

DOOMBUP LAKE

Albany

km 0 55 110 220 330 440

WETLANDS BANNITUP LAKE Site 19 Due Diligence Esperance, WA 0 0 0 0 0 0 , , 5 5 5 5 2 2

, , Meters 6 6 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Projection: Transverse Mercator, Datum: GDA 1994 ¤ Scale @ A3:1:50,000 Prepared: HDC Date: 22/03/2017 Checked: E.Porter Project No:TW17001 Reviewed: N.King Revision: A 4 1

e r u g i F 405,000 410,000 415,000 Data source: Imagery: LandGate, 2016. Wetlands: DPaW, 2016. RAMSAR: DPaW, 2016. Lakes: GA, 2016. Document Path: \\server\talis\SECTIONS\Waste\PROJECTS\TW2017\TW17001 - Site 19 Due Diligence\GIS\Maps\TW17001_014_Wetlands_RevA.mxd P PO Box 454, Leederville WA 6903 | A Level 1 660 Newcastle St, Leederville WA 6007 | T 1300 251 070 | W www.talisconsultants.com.au 410,000 412,000 414,000 416,000 LEGEND

²³ Single Dwellings

6,264,000 6,264,000 Site Boundary ²³ Landfill Footprint Buffer Zone (m)

²³

1000m 6,262,000 6,262,000

500m

© Talis Consultants Pty Ltd ("Talis") Copyright in the drawings, information and data recorded in this document ("the information") is the property of Talis. This document and the information are soley for the use of the authorised recipient and 150m this document may not be used, transferred or reproduced in whole or part for any purpose other than that which it is supplied by Talis without written consent. Talis makes no representation, undertakes no duty and ²³ accepts no responsibility to any third party who may use or rely upon this document or the information.

LOCALITY

²³

Esperance ²³ ²³ ²³ ²³ ²³ ²³ km 0 5 10 20 30 40 6,260,000 6,260,000

SEPARATION DISTANCES

Site 19 Due Diligence Esperance, WA

metres 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Projection: Transverse Mercator, Datum: GDA 1994 ¤ Scale @ A3:1:25,000 ²³ Prepared: HDC Date: 22/03/2017 Checked: E.Porter Project No:TW17001 Reviewed: N.King Revision: B ²³ 6,258,000 6,258,000 Figure 15 Figure 410,000 412,000 414,000 416,000 Data Source: Imagery: Landgate, 2017. Document Path: \\server\talis\SECTIONS\Waste\PROJECTS\TW2017\TW17001 - Site 19 Due Diligence\GIS\Maps\TW17001_015_separationDist_RevB.mxd Due Diligence and Landfill Capability Assessment Lot 12 Kirwan Road Shire of Esperance

Appendix A: Certificate of Title

TW17001-Due diligence Site 19.1b March 2017 | Page 46 LANDGATE COPY OF ORIGINAL NOT TO SCALE Thu Jan 12 11:15:33 2017 JOB 52886383

www.landgate.wa.gov.au Due Diligence and Landfill Capability Assessment Lot 12 Kirwan Road Shire of Esperance

Appendix B: Flora and Fauna

B.1: Conservation Codes

B.2: DPAW Database Search Summary

B.3: Protected Matter Search Tool Results

TW17001-Due diligence Site 19.1b March 2017

CONSERVATION CODES For Western Australian Flora and Fauna

Specially protected fauna or flora are species* which have been adequately searched for and are deemed to be, in the wild, either rare, at risk of extinction, or otherwise in need of special protection, and have been gazetted as such. Categories of specially protected fauna and flora are:

T Threatened species Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, and listed under Schedules 1 to 4 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice for Threatened Fauna and Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice for Threatened Flora (which may also be referred to as Declared Rare Flora). Threatened fauna is that subset of ‘Specially Protected Fauna’ declared to be ‘likely to become extinct’ pursuant to section 14(4) of the Wildlife Conservation Act. Threatened flora is flora that has been declared to be ‘likely to become extinct or is rare, or otherwise in need of special protection’, pursuant to section 23F(2) of the Wildlife Conservation Act. The assessment of the conservation status of these species is based on their national extent and ranked according to their level of threat using IUCN Red List categories and criteria as detailed below.

CR Critically endangered species Threatened species considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, in Schedule 1 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice for Threatened Fauna and Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice for Threatened Flora.

EN Endangered species Threatened species considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild. Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, in Schedule 2 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice for Threatened Fauna and Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice for Threatened Flora.

VU Vulnerable species Threatened species considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, in Schedule 3 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice for Threatened Fauna and Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice for Threatened Flora.

EX Presumed extinct species Species which have been adequately searched for and there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, in Schedule 4 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice for Presumed Extinct Fauna and Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice for Presumed Extinct Flora.

IA Migratory birds protected under an international agreement Birds that are subject to an agreement between the government of Australia and the governments of Japan (JAMBA), China (CAMBA) and The Republic of Korea (ROKAMBA), and the Bonn Convention, relating to the protection of migratory birds. Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, in Schedule 5 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice.

CD Conservation dependent fauna Fauna of special conservation need being species dependent on ongoing conservation intervention to prevent it becoming eligible for listing as threatened. Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, in Schedule 6 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice.

OS Other specially protected fauna Fauna otherwise in need of special protection to ensure their conservation. Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, in Schedule 7 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice.

P Priority species

Possibly threatened species that do not meet survey criteria, or are otherwise data deficient, are added to the Priority Fauna or Priority Flora Lists under Priorities 1, 2 or 3. These three categories are ranked in order of priority for survey and evaluation of conservation status so that consideration can be given to their declaration as threatened flora or fauna. Species that are adequately known, are rare but not threatened, or meet criteria for near threatened, or that have been recently removed from the threatened species or other specially protected fauna lists for other than taxonomic reasons, are placed in Priority 4. These species require regular monitoring. Assessment of Priority codes is based on the Western Australian distribution of the species, unless the distribution in WA is part of a contiguous population extending into adjacent States, as defined by the known spread of locations.

1 Priority 1: Poorly-known species Species that are known from one or a few locations (generally five or less) which are potentially at risk. All occurrences are either: very small; or on lands not managed for conservation, e.g. agricultural or pastoral lands, urban areas, road and rail reserves, gravel reserves and active mineral leases; or otherwise under threat of habitat destruction or degradation. Species may be included if they are comparatively well known from one or more locations but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and appear to be under immediate threat from known threatening processes. Such species are in urgent need of further survey.

2 Priority 2: Poorly-known species Species that are known from one or a few locations (generally five or less), some of which are on lands managed primarily for nature conservation, e.g. national parks, conservation parks, nature reserves and other lands with secure tenure being managed for conservation. Species may be included if they are comparatively well known from one or more locations but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and appear to be under threat from known threatening processes. Such species are in urgent need of further survey.

3 Priority 3: Poorly-known species Species that are known from several locations, and the species does not appear to be under imminent threat, or from few but widespread locations with either large population size or significant remaining areas of apparently suitable habitat, much of it not under imminent threat. Species may be included if they are comparatively well known from several locations but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and known threatening processes exist that could affect them. Such species are in need of further survey.

4 Priority 4: Rare, Near Threatened and other species in need of monitoring (a) Rare. Species that are considered to have been adequately surveyed, or for which sufficient knowledge is available, and that are considered not currently threatened or in need of special protection, but could be if present circumstances change. These species are usually represented on conservation lands. (b) Near Threatened. Species that are considered to have been adequately surveyed and that are close to qualifying for Vulnerable, but are not listed as Conservation Dependent. (c) Species that have been removed from the list of threatened species during the past five years for reasons other than taxonomy.

*Species includes all taxa (plural of taxon - a classificatory group of any taxonomic rank, e.g. a family, genus, species or any infraspecific category i.e. subspecies or variety, or a distinct population).

Last updated 11 November 2015

Due Diligence and Landfill Capability Assessment Lot 12 Kirwan Road Shire of Esperance

Department of Parks and Wildlife Database Searches

DPAW Threatened and Priority Fora

Threatened and Priority Flora recorded within a 20km radius Taxon Conservation Status Acacia cerastes 1 Acacia imitans T Acacia incanicarpa 2 Acacia karina 1 Acacia sp. Esperance (M.A. Burgman 1833b) 1 Adenanthos ileticos 4 Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. minor T Astartea reticulata 3 Austrostipa mundula 3 Baeckea sp. Gibson (K.R. Newbey 11084) 1 Banksia prolata subsp. calcicola 4 Brachyloma mogin 3 Calytrix plumulosa 3 Chamelaucium sp. Mt Heywood (K. Newbey 7954) 1 Chorizema circinale 1 Coleanthera coelophylla 1 Comesperma lanceolatum 2 Commersonia rotundifolia 3 Cryptandra sp. Cowcowing (Wittwer W 1210) 3 Cyathostemon sp. Esperance (A. Fairall 2431) 1 Dampiera atriplicina 3 Darwinia masonii T Darwinia sp. Gibson (R.D. Royce 3569) 1 Daviesia pauciflora 3 Eragrostis lanicaulis 3 Eremophila serpens 4 Eremophila sp. Young Range (Desert Dreaming Expedition 93) 2 Eucalyptus foliosa 3 Eucalyptus insularis subsp. continentalis T Eucalyptus luculenta 2 Eucalyptus merrickiae T Eucalyptus x missilis 4 Fabronia hampeana 2 Gonocarpus pycnostachyus 3 Goodenia laevis subsp. laevis 3 Goodenia modesta 3 Goodenia perryi 3 Goodenia virgata 2 Grevillea baxteri 4 Grevillea scabrida 1

TW17001-Due diligence Site 19.1b March 2017 Due Diligence and Landfill Capability Assessment Lot 12 Kirwan Road Shire of Esperance

Threatened and Priority Flora recorded within a 20km radius Grevillea subtiliflora 3 Hibbertia carinata 1 Hibbertia cockertoniana 3 Hibbertia turleyana 2 Hopkinsia adscendens 3 Isopogon alcicornis 3 Kennedia beckxiana 4 Korthalsella leucothrix 3 Kunzea salina 3 Lambertia echinata subsp. echinata T Lepidium fasciculatum 3 Lepidosperma gibsonii T Leucopogon corymbiformis 2 Leucopogon florulentus 3 Leucopogon interruptus 3 Leucopogon rotundifolius 3 Lobelia archeri 1 Micromyrtus elobata subsp. scopula 3 Mitrasacme katjarranka 1 Myoporum turbinatum 4 Opercularia acolytantha X Opercularia hirsuta 2 Orobanche cernua var. australiana 3 Philotheca eremicola 1 Pimelea halophila 2 Podotheca uniseta 3 Prostanthera carrickiana 4 Psammomoya ephedroides 3 Psammomoya grandiflora 2 Pultenaea adunca 3 Pultenaea vestita 3 Rhodanthe collina 3 Ricinocarpos trichophorus T Scaevola archeriana 1 Schoenus sp. Grey Rhizome (K.L. Wilson 2922) 1 Thysanotus sp. Desert East of Newman (R.P. Hart 964) 2 Trachymene anisocarpa var. trichocarpa 3 Verticordia venusta 3

TW17001-Due diligence Site 19.1b March 2017 Due Diligence and Landfill Capability Assessment Lot 12 Kirwan Road Shire of Esperance

DPAW Threatened and Priority Fauna

Threatened and Priority Fauna recorded within a 20km radius Taxon Common Name Conservation Status* Acanthophis antarcticus southern death adder P3 Acanthophis antarcticus Southern Death Adder P3 Apus pacificus pacificus fork-tailed Swift IA Arctocephalus forsteri New Zealand fur-seal OS Ardea ibis coromanda cattle egret IA Ardea modesta great egret, white egret IA Arenaria interpres interpres ruddy turnstone IA Atelomastix dendritica Recherche atelomastix VU millipede Atelomastix dendritica Recherche atelomastix VU millipede Atelomastix dendritica Recherche atelomastix VU millipede Botaurus poiciloptilus Australasian bittern EN Calidris acuminata sharp-tailed sandpiper IA Calidris alba sanderling IA Calidris canutus red knot, knot IA Calidris canutus rogersi red knot (north-eastern VU Siberia) Calidris ferruginea curlew sandpiper VU & IA Calidris melanotos pectoral sandpiper IA Calidris ruficollis red-necked stint IA Calidris tenuirostris great knot VU & IA Calyptorhynchus baudinii Baudin's cockatoo EN Calyptorhynchus latirostris Carnaby's cockatoo EN Cereopsis novaehollandiae grisea Recherche Cape Barren VU goose Charadrius leschenaultii greater sand plover, large IA sand plover Charadrius mongolus lesser sand plover EN & IA Charadrius rubricollis Hooded Plover P4 Dermochelys coriacea leatherback turtle VU Elanus scriptus letter-winged kite P4 Eubalaena australis southern right whale VU Falco peregrinus peregrine falcon OS Geotria australis pouched lamprey P1 quenda, southern brown Isoodon obesulus fusciventer P4 bandicoot Limosa lapponica bar-tailed godwit IA Macropus irma Western Brush Wallaby P4 Merops ornatus rainbow bee-eater IA Merops ornatus rainbow bee-eater IA Neophoca cinerea Australian sea-lion VU

TW17001-Due diligence Site 19.1b March 2017 Due Diligence and Landfill Capability Assessment Lot 12 Kirwan Road Shire of Esperance

Threatened and Priority Fauna recorded within a 20km radius Numenius phaeopus whimbrel IA Oceanites oceanicus Wilson's storm-petrel IA Oxyura australis blue-billed duck P4 Pezoporus flaviventris western ground parrot CR Plegadis falcinellus glossy ibis IA Pluvialis fulva Pacific golden plover IA Pluvialis squatarola grey plover IA flesh-footed shearwater, Puffinus carneipes VU & IA fleshy-footed shearwater Puffinus huttoni Hutton's shearwater EN Puffinus tenuirostris short-tailed shearwater IA Stercorarius parasiticus Arctic jaeger, Arctic skua IA Thalassarche cauta shy albatross VU & IA Thalassarche chlororhynchos Atlantic yellow-nosed VU & IA albatross Tringa glareola wood sandpiper IA Tringa nebularia common greenshank, IA greenshank

EPBC Act Protected Matters Database Search Summary

Threatened and Priority Flora

Threatened and Priority Flora within a 5km radius Conservation Taxon Common Name Presence Status* Anigozanthos bicolor Species or species habitat likely to occur Little Kangaroo Paw Endangered subsp. minor within area Species or species habitat may occur Caladenia huegelii King Spider-orchid Endangered within area Species or species habitat likely to occur Kennedia glabrata Northcliffe Kennedia Vulnerable within area Lambertia echinata Species or species habitat likely to occur Prickly Honeysuckle Endangered subsp. echinata within area

TW17001-Due diligence Site 19.1b March 2017 Due Diligence and Landfill Capability Assessment Lot 12 Kirwan Road Shire of Esperance

Threatened and Priority Flora

Protected Matters EPBC Act Database Search Results Conservation Taxon Common Name Presence Status* BIRDS Species or species habitat may Botaurus poiciloptilus Australasian Bittern Endangered occur within area Critically Species or species habitat known to Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper Endangered occur within area Calyptorhynchus Carnaby's Species or species habitat likely to Endangered latirostris Cockatoo occur within area Cereopsis Cape Barren Species or species habitat likely to novaehollandiae Goose (south- Vulnerable occur within area grisea western) Species or species habitat likely to Leipoa ocellata Malleefowl Vulnerable occur within area Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit Species or species habitat known to Vulnerable baueri (baueri) occur within area Limosa lapponica Northern Siberian Critically Species or species habitat may menzbieri Bar-tailed Godwit Endangered occur within area Numenius Critically Species or species habitat may Eastern Curlew madagascariensis Endangered occur within area MAMMALS Species or species habitat likely to Dasyurus geoffroii Chuditch Vulnerable occur within area Species or species habitat likely to Parantechinus apicalis Dibbler Endangered occur within area MIGATORY SPECIES Species or species habitat likely to Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift occur within area Species or species habitat known to Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail occur within area Critically Species or species habitat known to Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper Endangered occur within area Species or species habitat known to Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit occur within area Numenius Critically Species or species habitat may Eastern Curlew madagascariensis Endangered occur within area Species or species habitat likely to Pandion haliaetus Osprey occur within area Common Species or species habitat likely to Tringa nebularia Greenshank occur within area

TW17001-Due diligence Site 19.1b March 2017

EPBC Act Protected Matters Report

This report provides general guidance on matters of national environmental significance and other matters protected by the EPBC Act in the area you have selected.

Information on the coverage of this report and qualifications on data supporting this report are contained in the caveat at the end of the report.

Information is available about Environment Assessments and the EPBC Act including significance guidelines, forms and application process details.

Report created: 12/01/17 13:14:28

Summary Details Matters of NES Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act Extra Information Caveat Acknowledgements

This map may contain data which are ©Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia), ©PSMA 2010

Coordinates Buffer: 5.0Km

Summary

Matters of National Environmental Significance

This part of the report summarises the matters of national environmental significance that may occur in, or may relate to, the area you nominated. Further information is available in the detail part of the report, which can be accessed by scrolling or following the links below. If you are proposing to undertake an activity that may have a significant impact on one or more matters of national environmental significance then you should consider the Administrative Guidelines on Significance.

World Heritage Properties: None National Heritage Places: None Wetlands of International Importance: 1 Great Barrier Reef Marine Park: None Commonwealth Marine Area: None Listed Threatened Ecological Communities: 1 Listed Threatened Species: 14 Listed Migratory Species: 7

Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act

This part of the report summarises other matters protected under the Act that may relate to the area you nominated. Approval may be required for a proposed activity that significantly affects the environment on Commonwealth land, when the action is outside the Commonwealth land, or the environment anywhere when the action is taken on Commonwealth land. Approval may also be required for the Commonwealth or Commonwealth agencies proposing to take an action that is likely to have a significant impact on the environment anywhere.

The EPBC Act protects the environment on Commonwealth land, the environment from the actions taken on Commonwealth land, and the environment from actions taken by Commonwealth agencies. As heritage values of a place are part of the 'environment', these aspects of the EPBC Act protect the Commonwealth Heritage values of a Commonwealth Heritage place. Information on the new heritage laws can be found at http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage

A permit may be required for activities in or on a Commonwealth area that may affect a member of a listed threatened species or ecological community, a member of a listed migratory species, whales and other cetaceans, or a member of a listed marine species.

Commonwealth Land: None Commonwealth Heritage Places: None Listed Marine Species: 13 Whales and Other Cetaceans: None Critical Habitats: None Commonwealth Reserves Terrestrial: None Commonwealth Reserves Marine: None

Extra Information

This part of the report provides information that may also be relevant to the area you have nominated.

State and Territory Reserves: 1 Regional Forest Agreements: None Invasive Species: 6 Nationally Important Wetlands: None Key Ecological Features (Marine) None

Details

Matters of National Environmental Significance Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar) [ Resource Information ] Name Proximity Lake warden system Within 10km of Ramsar

Listed Threatened Ecological Communities [ Resource Information ] For threatened ecological communities where the distribution is well known, maps are derived from recovery plans, State vegetation maps, remote sensing imagery and other sources. Where threatened ecological community distributions are less well known, existing vegetation maps and point location data are used to produce indicative distribution maps. Name Status Type of Presence Proteaceae Dominated Kwongkan Shrublands of the Endangered Community likely to occur Southeast Coastal Floristic Province of Western within area Australia Listed Threatened Species [ Resource Information ] Name Status Type of Presence Birds Botaurus poiciloptilus Australasian Bittern [1001] Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area

Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper [856] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Calyptorhynchus latirostris Carnaby's Cockatoo, Carnaby's Black-Cockatoo, Endangered Species or species habitat Short-billed Black-Cockatoo [59523] likely to occur within area

Cereopsis novaehollandiae grisea Cape Barren Goose (south-western), Recherche Cape Vulnerable Species or species habitat Barren Goose [25978] likely to occur within area

Leipoa ocellata Malleefowl [934] Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Limosa lapponica baueri Bar-tailed Godwit (baueri), Western Alaskan Bar-tailed Vulnerable Species or species habitat Godwit [86380] known to occur within area

Limosa lapponica menzbieri Northern Siberian Bar-tailed Godwit, Bar-tailed Godwit Critically Endangered Species or species habitat (menzbieri) [86432] may occur within area

Numenius madagascariensis Eastern Curlew, Far Eastern Curlew [847] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area

Mammals Dasyurus geoffroii Chuditch, Western Quoll [330] Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Parantechinus apicalis Dibbler [313] Endangered Species or species

Name Status Type of Presence habitat likely to occur within area Plants Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. minor Little Kangaroo Paw, Two-coloured Kangaroo Paw, Endangered Species or species habitat Small Two-colour Kangaroo Paw [21241] likely to occur within area

Caladenia huegelii King Spider-orchid, Grand Spider-orchid, Rusty Endangered Species or species habitat Spider-orchid [7309] may occur within area

Kennedia glabrata Northcliffe Kennedia [16452] Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Lambertia echinata subsp. echinata Prickly Honeysuckle [56729] Endangered Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Listed Migratory Species [ Resource Information ] * Species is listed under a different scientific name on the EPBC Act - Threatened Species list. Name Threatened Type of Presence Migratory Marine Birds Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift [678] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Migratory Terrestrial Species Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail [642] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Migratory Wetlands Species Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper [856] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit [844] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Numenius madagascariensis Eastern Curlew, Far Eastern Curlew [847] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area

Pandion haliaetus Osprey [952] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank, Greenshank [832] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act Listed Marine Species [ Resource Information ] * Species is listed under a different scientific name on the EPBC Act - Threatened Species list. Name Threatened Type of Presence Birds Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift [678] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Ardea alba Great Egret, White Egret [59541] Breeding known to occur

Name Threatened Type of Presence within area Ardea ibis Cattle Egret [59542] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper [856] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Cereopsis novaehollandiae grisea Cape Barren Goose (south-western), Recherche Cape Vulnerable Species or species habitat Barren Goose [25978] likely to occur within area

Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-Eagle [943] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit [844] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater [670] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail [642] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Numenius madagascariensis Eastern Curlew, Far Eastern Curlew [847] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area

Pandion haliaetus Osprey [952] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Thinornis rubricollis Hooded Plover [59510] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank, Greenshank [832] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Extra Information State and Territory Reserves [ Resource Information ] Name State Mullet Lake WA

Invasive Species [ Resource Information ] Weeds reported here are the 20 species of national significance (WoNS), along with other introduced plants that are considered by the States and Territories to pose a particularly significant threat to biodiversity. The following feral animals are reported: Goat, Red Fox, Cat, Rabbit, Pig, Water Buffalo and Cane Toad. Maps from Landscape Health Project, National Land and Water Resouces Audit, 2001.

Name Status Type of Presence Birds

Name Status Type of Presence Sturnus vulgaris Common Starling [389] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Mammals Felis catus Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat [19] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Mus musculus House Mouse [120] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit, European Rabbit [128] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Vulpes vulpes Red Fox, Fox [18] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Plants Asparagus asparagoides Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper, Smilax, Florist's Species or species habitat Smilax, Smilax Asparagus [22473] likely to occur within area

Caveat The information presented in this report has been provided by a range of data sources as acknowledged at the end of the report.

This report is designed to assist in identifying the locations of places which may be relevant in determining obligations under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. It holds mapped locations of World and National Heritage properties, Wetlands of International and National Importance, Commonwealth and State/Territory reserves, listed threatened, migratory and marine species and listed threatened ecological communities. Mapping of Commonwealth land is not complete at this stage. Maps have been collated from a range of sources at various resolutions.

Not all species listed under the EPBC Act have been mapped (see below) and therefore a report is a general guide only. Where available data supports mapping, the type of presence that can be determined from the data is indicated in general terms. People using this information in making a referral may need to consider the qualifications below and may need to seek and consider other information sources.

For threatened ecological communities where the distribution is well known, maps are derived from recovery plans, State vegetation maps, remote sensing imagery and other sources. Where threatened ecological community distributions are less well known, existing vegetation maps and point location data are used to produce indicative distribution maps.

Threatened, migratory and marine species distributions have been derived through a variety of methods. Where distributions are well known and if time permits, maps are derived using either thematic spatial data (i.e. vegetation, soils, geology, elevation, aspect, terrain, etc) together with point locations and described habitat; or environmental modelling (MAXENT or BIOCLIM habitat modelling) using point locations and environmental data layers.

Where very little information is available for species or large number of maps are required in a short time-frame, maps are derived either from 0.04 or 0.02 decimal degree cells; by an automated process using polygon capture techniques (static two kilometre grid cells, alpha-hull and convex hull); or captured manually or by using topographic features (national park boundaries, islands, etc). In the early stages of the distribution mapping process (1999-early 2000s) distributions were defined by degree blocks, 100K or 250K map sheets to rapidly create distribution maps. More reliable distribution mapping methods are used to update these distributions as time permits.

Only selected species covered by the following provisions of the EPBC Act have been mapped: - migratory and - marine The following species and ecological communities have not been mapped and do not appear in reports produced from this database:

- threatened species listed as extinct or considered as vagrants - some species and ecological communities that have only recently been listed - some terrestrial species that overfly the Commonwealth marine area - migratory species that are very widespread, vagrant, or only occur in small numbers The following groups have been mapped, but may not cover the complete distribution of the species: - non-threatened seabirds which have only been mapped for recorded breeding sites - seals which have only been mapped for breeding sites near the Australian continent Such breeding sites may be important for the protection of the Commonwealth Marine environment.

Coordinates

-33.78536 122.05978

Acknowledgements This database has been compiled from a range of data sources. The department acknowledges the following custodians who have contributed valuable data and advice: -Office of Environment and Heritage, New South Wales -Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Victoria -Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Tasmania -Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, South Australia -Department of Land and Resource Management, Northern Territory -Department of Environmental and Heritage Protection, Queensland -Department of Parks and Wildlife, Western Australia -Environment and Planning Directorate, ACT -Birdlife Australia -Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme -Australian National Wildlife Collection -Natural history museums of Australia -Museum Victoria -Australian Museum -South Australian Museum -Queensland Museum -Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums -Queensland Herbarium -National Herbarium of NSW -Royal Botanic Gardens and National Herbarium of Victoria -Tasmanian Herbarium -State Herbarium of South Australia -Northern Territory Herbarium -Western Australian Herbarium -Australian National Herbarium, Canberra -University of New England -Ocean Biogeographic Information System -Australian Government, Department of Defence Forestry Corporation, NSW -Geoscience Australia -CSIRO -Australian Tropical Herbarium, Cairns -eBird Australia -Australian Government – Australian Antarctic Data Centre -Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory -Australian Government National Environmental Science Program -Australian Institute of Marine Science -Reef Life Survey Australia -American Museum of Natural History -Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, Inveresk, Tasmania -Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart, Tasmania -Other groups and individuals

The Department is extremely grateful to the many organisations and individuals who provided expert advice and information on numerous draft distributions.

Please feel free to provide feedback via the Contact Us page.

© Commonwealth of Australia Department of the Environment GPO Box 787 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia +61 2 6274 1111 Due Diligence and Landfill Capability Assessment Lot 12 Kirwan Road Shire of Esperance

Appendix C: Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System Reports

TW17001-Due diligence Site 19.1b March 2017 Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System

Heritage Survey Database

Search Criteria

1 Survey Areas in Coordinates search area; 122.068113°E, 33.792823°S (GDA94) : 122.044004°E, 33.792776°S (GDA94) : 122.063429°E, 33.771129°S (GDA94) : 122.068078°E, 33.77117°S (GDA94)

Disclaimer Heritage Surveys have been mapped using information from the reports and / or other relevant data sources. Heritage Surveys consisting of small discrete areas may not be visible except at large scales. Reports shown may not be held at DAA. Please consult report holder for more information. Refer to www.daa.wa.gov.au/heritage for information on requesting reports held by DAA.

The information provided is made available in good faith and is predominately based on the information provided to the Department of Aboriginal Affairs by third parties. The information is provided solely on the basis that readers will be responsible for making their own assessment as to the accuracy of the information. If you find any errors or omissions in our records, including our maps, it would be appreciated if you email the details to the Department at [email protected] and we will make every effort to rectify it as soon as possible.

Copyright Copyright in the information contained herein is and shall remain the property of the State of Western Australia. All rights reserved. This includes, but is not limited to, information from the Register of Aboriginal Sites established under and maintained under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (AHA).

Access Some reports are restricted. Spatial Accuracy The following legend strictly applies to the spatial accuracy of heritage survey boundaries as captured by DAA.

Very Good Boundaries captured from surveyed titles, GPS (2001 onwards) submitted maps georeferenced to within 20m accuracy. Good / Moderate Boundaries captured from GPS (pre 2001) submitted maps georeferenced to within 250m accuracy. Unreliable Boundaries captured from submitted maps georeferenced to an accuracy exceeding 250m. Indeterminate Surveys submitted with insufficient information to allow boundary capture.

© Government of Western Australia Report created: 11/01/2017 10:15:34 by: Public User Identifier: 267236 Page: 1 Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System

Heritage Survey Database

Survey Report 17221 Title Recherche a L'Esperance: A Prehistory of the Esperance Region of South-Western Australia. 1993. Phd Thesis. Authors Smith, Moya Vikki Lead Consultant Moya Smith Survey Types Archaeological & Ethnographic

Related Survey Areas for Survey Report 17221

Area Survey Type Area Description Spatial Field / Number Accuracy Desktop 1 Archaeological & The survey area comprises the Esperance region, as shown in Unreliable Field and Ethnographic Figure 6.1. Desktop

© Government of Western Australia Report created: 11/01/2017 10:15:34 by: Public User Identifier: 267236 Page: 2 Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System

Heritage Survey Database

Legend

Selected Heritage Surveys

Heritage Survey

Aboriginal Community Occupied

Aboriginal Community Unoccupied

Town

Search Area

Copyright for topographic base map information shall at all times remain the property of the Commonwealth of Australia, Geoscience Australia - National Mapping Division. All rights reserved.

Aerial Photos, Cadastre, Local Government Authority, Native Title boundary, Roads data copyright © Western Australian Land Information Authority trading as Landgate (2017).

Geothermal Application, Geothermal Title, Mining Tenement, Petroleum Application, Petroleum Title boundary data copyright © the State of Western Australia (DMP) (2017.1)

For further important information on using this information please see the Department of Aboriginal Affairs' Terms of Use statement at http://www.daa.wa.gov.au/Terms-Of- Use/

© Government of Western Australia Report created: 11/01/2017 10:15:34 by: Public User Identifier: 267236 Page: 3 Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System

Aboriginal Sites Database

Search Criteria 0 Registered Aboriginal Sites in Coordinates search area; 122.068113°E, 33.792823°S (GDA94) : 122.044004°E, 33.792776°S (GDA94) : 122.063429°E, 33.771129°S (GDA94) : 122.068078°E, 33.77117°S (GDA94)

Disclaimer The Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 preserves all Aboriginal sites in Western Australia whether or not they are registered. Aboriginal sites exist that are not recorded on the Register of Aboriginal Sites, and some registered sites may no longer exist.

The information provided is made available in good faith and is predominately based on the information provided to the Department of Aboriginal Affairs by third parties. The information is provided solely on the basis that readers will be responsible for making their own assessment as to the accuracy of the information. If you find any errors or omissions in our records, including our maps, it would be appreciated if you email the details to the Department at [email protected] and we will make every effort to rectify it as soon as possible.

© Government of Western Australia Report created: 11/01/2017 10:00:14 by: Public User Identifier: 267223 Page: 1 Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System

Aboriginal Sites Database

Copyright Copyright in the information contained herein is and shall remain the property of the State of Western Australia. All rights reserved.

Coordinate Accuracy Accuracy is shown as a code in brackets following the coordinates. Map coordinates (Latitude/Longitude and Easting/Northing) are based on the GDA 94 Datum. The Easting/Northing map grid can be across one or more zones. The zone is indicated for each Easting on the map, i.e. '500000mE:Z50' means Easting=500000, Zone=50.

Terminology (NB that some terminology has varied over the life of the legislation) Place ID/Site ID: This a unique ID assigned by the Department of Aboriginal Affairs to the place Status: o Registered Site: The place has been assessed as meeting Section 5 of the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 o Other Heritage Place which includes: - Stored Data / Not a Site: The place has been assessed as not meeting Section 5 of the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 - Lodged: Information has been received in relation to the place, but an assessment has not been completed at this stage to determine if it meets Section 5 of the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 Status Reason: e.g. Exclusion - Relates to a portion of an Aboriginal site or heritage place as assessed by the Aboriginal Cultural Material Committee (ACMC). e.g. such as the land subject to a section 18 notice. Origin Place ID: Used in conjuction with Status Reason to indicate which Registered Site this Place originates from. Access and Restrictions: o File Restricted = No: Availability of information (other than boundary) that the Department of Aboriginal Affairs holds in relation to the place is not restricted in any way. o File Restricted = Yes: Some of the information that the Department of Aboriginal Affairs holds in relation to the place is restricted if it is considered culturally sensitive. This information will only be made available if the Department of Aboriginal Affairs receives written approval from the informants who provided the information. Download the Request to Access Restricted Information letter and form. o Boundary Restricted = No: place location is shown as accurately as the information lodged with the Registrar allows. o Boundary Restricted = Yes: To preserve confidentiality the exact location and extent of the place is not displayed on the map. However, the shaded region (generally with an area of at least 4km²) provides a general indication of where the place is located. If you are a landowner and wish to find out more about the exact location of the place, please contact DAA. o Restrictions: - No Restrictions: Anyone can view the information. - Male Access Only: Only males can view restricted information. - Female Access Only: Only females can view restricted information Legacy ID: This is the former unique number that the former Department of Aboriginal Sites assigned to the place. This has been replaced by the Place ID / Site ID.

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Aboriginal Sites Database

List of Registered Aboriginal Sites with Map

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© Government of Western Australia Report created: 11/01/2017 10:00:14 by: Public User Identifier: 267223 Page: 3 Aboriginal Heritage Inquiry System

Aboriginal Sites Database

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Copyright for topographic base map information shall at all times remain the property of the Commonwealth of Australia, Geoscience Australia - National Mapping Division. All rights reserved.

Aerial Photos, Cadastre, Local Government Authority, Native Title boundary, Roads data copyright © Western Australian Land Information Authority trading as Landgate (2017).

Geothermal Application, Geothermal Title, Mining Tenement, Petroleum Application, Petroleum Title boundary data copyright © the State of Western Australia (DMP) (2017.1)

For further important information on using this information please see the Department of Aboriginal Affairs' Terms of Use statement at http://www.daa.wa.gov.au/Terms-Of- Use/

© Government of Western Australia Report created: 11/01/2017 10:00:14 by: Public User Identifier: 267223 Page: 4 Due Diligence and Landfill Capability Assessment Lot 12 Kirwan Road Shire of Esperance

Talis Consultants

Level 1, 660 Newcastle Street, Leederville, Western Australia 6007

PO Box 454, Leederville, Western Australia 6903

Phone: 1300 251 070 Email: [email protected]

TW17001-Due diligence Site 19.1b March 2017