GCSE LEVEL FACT FILE Moving Image Arts Subject content link: Animation Health & Safety Animation action. Some cheaperforms Some ofanimation might useasfewaction. means creating 24individualframes for eachsecond of Forcontinuous action. animated feature filmsthisgenerally individual frames to create the illusionofmovement and and filmingit.Animators, however, mustcreate enough isliterally assimpleframing action film-making action withrelativecan capture actions ease;sometimeslive- continuous movement. Film-makers inlive action working one by onewhich,whenruntogether, create theillusionof remainsprinciple thesame. offrames Aseries are created Animation comes inmany casethebasic forms butinevery • Students shouldbeableto: motion animation andsimilar usesofthetechnique can The giant Kong(1933) was achieved apeinKing usingstop- films.been usedto create specialeffects shotsinlive-action Nightmare Before (1993). Christmas The technique hasalso animations Wallace &Gromit films, Coraline (2009)and The animation includetheAardmanExamples ofstop-motion must alsoensure that thecamera remains focused. correctly be careful to light theirmodels andscenes and correctly audiences respond well too. However theanimator must real-world theyhaveactual objects atexture andfeel which create theillusion ofmovement. themodelsare Because models alittlebefore eachframe, taking theanimator can modelspositionedon sets.built character moving By the Stop-motion: There are five basicanimation styles: labour intensive. as 12frames persecond. Eitherway theprocess remains Identify anddiscussthefollowing animation styles: - - - pixilation; - stop-motion; - rotoscoping; 2D animation. 3D CGI animation; and Learning Outcomes Course Content Here theanimator manipulates specially- generate unease. Czech animator isfamed JanŠvankmajer unnatural inreality, itisatechnique usedto that isoften asthoughtheyare movingobjects inways that may be animation isableto present humanbeingsandreal life their positioninbetween frames. thisform Because of themto alter animator asking useshumanperformers, motion butrather thanusingpuppetsormodels, the Pixilation: continue to dazzleandenchant audiences. and theArgonauts (1963)andClashofthe Titans (1981) stop motion specialeffects animation infilmssuchasJason themostcelebratedis perhaps stop motioninnovator. His AquaticRay (2004).SpecialEffects Animator Harryhausen Back(1980), Strikes The Terminator (1984)and The Life be seeninfilmsasdiverse asStar Wars (1977), The Empire the technique. Scanner Darkly The film A science fiction useof (1964)and Juno(2007)bothmakestriking Dollars is sometimesusedinfilmtitle sequences; A Fistful of technology hasmadeitalittleeasier to create. Rotoscoping butdigital era thisprocess was time-consuming extremely frame to create avividhyper-realIn thepre-digital effect. point andthentrace and/orpaint overstarting itframe by Rotoscoping: Simpsons. Theseries the TV examples of2Danimation include The IronGiant (1999)and Warner Brothers’ long-running Loony Tunes Modern shorts. include classicDisneyfilmssuchasBambi(1942)and sequence inediting. Examplesoftraditional 2Danimation The frames canthenbeassembledinto ananimated using commercial suchasPhotoshop. illustration packages frames willbedrawn onagraphics tabletandcoloured in 2D animation isgenerally created usingdigital tools. The as each frame (alsoknown ‘cel animation’). Nowadays onthesheet,thenphotographing andaction characters transparent acetate sheetscalledcels, colouring the was achieved by tracing eachhanddrawn frame onto or painting eachframe. Traditionally 2Danimation in pencilbutusuallythistechnique involves colouring itsmostbasicform thedrawingsIn canberendered simply 2D Animation: Sledgehammer. can alsobeseeninthepopvideofor Peter Gabriel’s song and surreal effect infilmslike Alice (1988). The technique for hisuseofthetechnique andhehasuseditto horrifying This isananimation process similarto stop- Here animators footage uselive action asa Here animation isdrawn frame by frame. 1 Health & Safety creatures. animation techniques to create fantastical worlds and The Hobbit: The DesolationofSmaug(2013)usecomputer visualeffects.modern Films suchasJurassic (1993)and Park and computer generated animation isusedextensively in 3D animation include Toy (2010) Me (1995),Despicable Story camera itselfcanbemoved andrepositioned. Examplesof can thenanimate andthe models, them.Character objects created using3Dmodellingtools, theirsetsandcharacters don’t existoutsidethecomputer. Animators, once they’ve models,character lights, and setsandcamera are allvirtual most computer animation is3D. 3Danimation the In computer animation techniques, suchasFlash Animation, computer generated. Whilst there are afew purely 2D images usedto create individualframe ofanimation are Email: [email protected] Web: www.ccea.org.uk Tel: +44(0)28 90261200Fax: +44(0)2890261234 29 Clarendon Road,Clarendon Dock,BelfastBT1 3BG COUNCIL 3D Computer Animation: feel.hallucinatory real gives andunreal properties thefilmanightmarish and (2006) makesextensive useofthetechnique anditsmixof FORTHE CURRICULUM, EXAMINATIONS In computerIn animation the AND ASSESSMENT 2