SOUTH AFRICAN SITE INFORMATION & INSTRUCTIONS: SKA1_MID Document number ...... SKA-TEL-SKO-0001040 Revision ...... A Authors ...... T Cheetham Date ...... 13 September 2019 Document Classification ...... DRAFT Status ...... for Review
Name Designation Affiliation Signature Owned by:
T. Cheetham Head: SKAO Construction Planning: SKA1_MID
Approved by:
Programme SKAO J. McMullin Director
Released by:
J. McMullin Programme SKAO Director
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DOCUMENT HISTORY Revision Date Of Issue Engineering Change Comments Number
A 2019-09-13 N/A First draft for review
DOCUMENT SOFTWARE Package Version Filename SKA-TEL-SKO-0001040 Rev A South African Site Information Word processor MS Word 2013
Block diagrams
Other
ORGANISATION DETAILS Name SKA Organisation Registered Address SKA Organisation Jodrell Bank Observatory, Lower Withington Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK SK11 9DL Registered in England & Wales Company Number: 07881918 Fax. +44 (0)161 306 9601 Website www.skatelescope.org
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 11 1.1 Purpose of this Document ...... 11 1.2 Scope of this Document ...... 11 1.3 Radio Astronomy Observatory in the Karoo ...... 12 1.4 Interpretation ...... 12 1.5 Effect and Duration of the Conditions, Rules and Regulations addressed in this document ...... 12 1.6 Amendments ...... 12 1.7 Limitation on Use ...... 13 2 DOCUMENTATION ...... 14 2.1 Applicable Documents ...... 14 2.2 Reference Documents ...... 14 2.3 Glossary of Acronyms & Abbreviations ...... 15 3 SKA PROJECT: SOUTH AFRICA ...... 17 4 PROJECT LOCATION ...... 18 4.1 Physical location ...... 18 4.2 Definition of the Site ...... 19 4.3 SKA1_MID Physical Configuration Coordinates ...... 24 5 SITE ACCESS ...... 25 5.1 International & Domestic Airports ...... 25 5.2 Major Ports ...... 25 5.3 Road Access from Urban Centres ...... 26 5.3.1 Road Access from Cape Town ...... 26 5.3.2 Road Access from Johannesburg / Kimberley ...... 26 5.3.3 Road Access from Upington ...... 27 5.3.4 Road Access from Port Elizabeth ...... 27 5.3.5 Road Access from George ...... 27 5.4 Site Access Rules ...... 27 5.4.1 First time visit - SARAO Site Induction ...... 27 5.4.2 Contractor Site Induction ...... 27 5.4.3 General Access ...... 28 5.4.4 Visitor Classification and Access ...... 32 6 ASTRONOMY GEOGRAPHIC AREA ADVANTAGE ACT & REGULATIONS ...... 35 6.1 Karoo Core Astronomy Advantage Area ...... 35 6.2 Karoo Central Astronomy Advantage Area ...... 35 7 SITE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ...... 37 7.1 Site Characterisation Studies ...... 37 7.1.1 Topographical (LIDAR) Survey ...... 37 7.1.2 Borrowpit Investigation (geotechnical investigation) ...... 38 7.1.3 Floodline Analysis ...... 39 7.1.4 Antenna Foundation Geotechnical Investigation ...... 40 7.1.5 Stone Quarry Investigation ...... 41 7.1.6 Geohydrological Study ...... 41 7.2 Climatic Data ...... 42 7.2.1 Rainfall ...... 42 Page 3 of 239
7.2.2 Temperature ...... 44 7.2.3 Altitude ...... 44 7.2.4 Seismic Conditions ...... 44 7.2.5 Lighning Conditions ...... 44 7.2.6 Environmental Conditions based on the Internatonal Standard for Classification of Environmental Conditions ...... 45 7.3 Geology ...... 50 7.3.1 Surface Water Bodies and Soil Types ...... 50 7.3.2 Vegetation ...... 51 7.3.3 Mammals ...... 52 7.3.4 Reptiles ...... 53 7.3.5 Birds ...... 53 8 HEALTH & SAFETY MANAGEMENT ...... 54 8.1 South African Regulatory Requirements ...... 54 8.1.1 Contractor Tender Returnables ...... 54 8.1.2 Termination and Suspension of Contract ...... 55 8.1.3 Organisational Requirements & Responsibilities ...... 56 8.1.4 H&S Performance Measurement ...... 58 8.1.5 H&S Communication and Consultation ...... 58 8.1.6 Hazard Identification and Risk Management ...... 59 8.1.7 Method Statements and Safe Work Procedures...... 60 8.1.8 Operational Control...... 60 8.1.9 Incident Management ...... 60 8.1.10 Corrective and Preventative Action ...... 61 8.1.11 Injury Management ...... 61 8.1.12 Document and Record Management ...... 62 8.1.13 Occupational Health and Related Aspects ...... 62 8.1.14 H&S Audits, Inspections and Other Interactions ...... 69 8.1.15 Training & Competency ...... 73 8.2 Disaster Management and Emergency Response ...... 75 8.2.1 Legal Framework ...... 75 8.2.2 Disaster Management Risk Assessment Area and Plan ...... 76 8.2.3 Hazard Classification ...... 77 8.2.4 Organisational Requirements...... 77 8.2.5 SKA Emergency Control Centre (ECC) & Incident Reporting Process ...... 81 8.2.6 Classification of Levels of Disaster ...... 85 8.2.7 Lines of Communication & Intergovernmental Relations ...... 86 8.2.8 Disaster Management Reporting Requirements ...... 87 8.2.9 Risk Quartile Matrix (RQM) ...... 87 8.2.10 Contractor Requirements ...... 89 8.3 Medical Facilities & Services ...... 90 9 RFI MANAGEMENT ...... 92 9.1 Standard, Policies, Procedures & Protection Levels ...... 92 9.1.1 SKA EMC/EMI Standards, Related Procedures & Guidelines ...... 93 9.1.2 SARAO RFI Controls Policy ...... 93 9.2 RFI Zoning Strategy...... 98 9.2.1 RFI Operational State Definitions ...... 99 9.2.2 List with RFI Zone Definitions ...... 99 9.3 RFI Zone Diagrams ...... 102
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10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ...... 104 10.1 Compliance with Chapter 5 of the IEMP ...... 106 10.1.1 Organisational Arrangements ...... 106 10.1.2 Demarcated Areas ...... 107 10.1.3 Monitoring and Auditing ...... 108 10.1.4 Method Statements and Activity-Specific Management Plans ...... 110 10.1.5 Site Documentation...... 111 10.1.6 Construction Compliance Requirements ...... 112 10.2 Heritage Conservation Management Plan ...... 112 10.2.1 Scope ...... 112 10.2.2 Preventative Protection ...... 112 10.2.3 Monitoring ...... 112 10.2.4 Progress Reporting ...... 115 10.2.5 Contractors Awareness ...... 115 10.2.6 Resources ...... 115 10.3 Fossil Chance Finds Protocol ...... 116 10.3.1 Roles and Responsibilities ...... 119 10.4 Ecology & Aquatic Management Plan ...... 121 11 ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION AND PERSONNEL ISSUES ...... 122 11.1 Contractors Staff at the Site ...... 122 11.2 Working Hours ...... 122 12 INFORMATION OF SUB-CONTRACTORS, CONSULTANTS AND OTHER CONTRACTING THIRD PARTIES OF THE CONTRACTOR ...... 123 13 INSTRUCTIONS CONCERNING ON-SITE OPERATIONS ...... 123 13.1 General Coordination on Site ...... 123 13.2 Site Log Book ...... 123 13.3 Project Limits, Working Areas of the Contractor & damage to services or property ...... 124 14 CONTRACTOR CONSTRUCTION CAMPS ...... 125 14.1 Location ...... 125 14.2 Bulk Services ...... 125 14.2.1 Stormwater Management Plan ...... 125 14.2.2 Water Connection ...... 129 14.2.3 Sewer Connection ...... 129 14.2.4 Electricity ...... 130 14.3 Housing & Ablutions ...... 130 14.3.1 Living Facilities ...... 131 14.3.2 Housing Units ...... 131 14.3.3 Ablution Facilities ...... 132 14.3.4 Cooking/Common Area Facilities ...... 132 14.3.5 Laundry Facilities ...... 133 14.3.6 Medical Facilities ...... 133 14.4 Offices, Laboratories, Stores, Workshops, Security ...... 133 14.5 Communication ...... 133 14.6 Maintenance ...... 133 14.7 Parking ...... 134 14.8 Rehabilitation / remedial work ...... 134 14.9 Waste Management ...... 134
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14.10 Access to Contractor’s Facilities & Inspections ...... 134 15 SITE BULK INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 134 15.1 Water ...... 134 15.2 Electric Power & Temporary Power during Construction ...... 136 15.3 Temporary Sanitary Facilities ...... 137 16 ACCESS TO EXISTING FACILITIES, SERVICES, ACCOMMODATION & PROTECTION ...... 137 16.1 Access to the Central Processing Facility (CPF) ...... 138 16.2 Access to the Power Facility ...... 139 16.3 Access to the Dish Shed and Pedestal Integration Shed ...... 139 16.4 Access to Roads & Power ...... 140 17 LAY-DOWN AREAS, STOCKPILING, BATCHING PLANTS, EQUIPMENT CLEANING AREAS ...... 140 17.1 Lay-Down Areas & Stockpiling...... 140 17.2 Concrete batching plants ...... 141 17.3 Equipment Cleaning Areas ...... 141 18 SECURITY ...... 142 18.1 Physical Site Security ...... 142 18.2 National Key Point requirements ...... 144 18.3 Roles & Responsibilities ...... 144 18.3.1 SARAO Chief Security Officer ...... 144 18.3.2 Security Coordinator ...... 145 18.3.3 External Security Provider ...... 145 18.4 Baggage Checks / People Searches ...... 145 18.5 Valuables ...... 146 19 COMMUNICATION DEVICES ...... 147 19.1 Operational Functionality...... 147 19.2 Operational Restrictions...... 148 20 NOTICES, SIGNS, ADVERTISEMENTS ...... 150 21 CONSTRUCTION LICENSES / PERMITS ...... 150 21.1 Integrated Waste and Water Management Licenses ...... 150 21.1.1 Groundwater Quality Monitoring Programme ...... 153 21.2 Mineral Permit Exemption for Borrowpits and Stone Quarries ...... 155 21.3 Way leaves ...... 156 21.4 Development Approval ...... 156 22 BULK FUEL SUPPLY & STORAGE ...... 156 23 OTHER INSTRUMENTS ON SITE...... 158 24 SOUTH AFRICAN STAKEHOLDERS & COMMUNICATION ...... 159 25 LANGUAGE ...... 160 26 TOWN FACILITIES ...... 161 26.1 Hospitality ...... 161 Page 6 of 239
26.2 Medical Facilities ...... 161 26.3 Convenience Stores / General Supplies ...... 161 27 KEY CONTACT LIST ...... 162 ANNEXURE A – ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE ...... 163 27.1.1 INTERNAL STAKEHOLDERS OF THE SKA ...... 163 27.1.2 EXTERNAL ROLE-PLAYERS FOR THE SKA ...... 167 ANNEXURE B: EMERGENCY CONTACT DETAILS ...... 170 ANNEXURE C: INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMPR) – CHAPTER 5 CONSTRUCTION COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS ...... 171 ANNEXURE D: HERITAGE COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION .. 230 ANNEXURE E: SARAO RFI PERMITS / COCS TEMPLATE ...... 237
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: SKA1_MID – South Africa ...... 17 Figure 2: Map of South Africa, 9 Provinces and distances to SKA Site from Urban Areas ...... 18 Figure 3: Meysdam and Losberg farms – Very High Risk RFI zone ...... 20 Figure 4: NRF owned land (High Risk RFI zone) and remainder of the SKA Site (Low Risk RFI zone) ...... 21 Figure 5: Spiral Arm naming philosophy ...... 22 Figure 6: Location of Carnarvon POP station, town of Carnarvon ...... 23 Figure 7: Klerefontein Support Base (SKA Engineering Operations Centre) location ...... 24 Figure 8: South African International and Domestic Airports ...... 25 Figure 9: South African Ports (Portnet) ...... 26 Figure 10: Carnarvon gravel Landing Strip ...... 30 Figure 11: South African SKA Site in relation to the Karoo Astronomy Advantage Areas ...... 36 Figure 12: LIDAR Survey and SPOT Coverage Areas ...... 37 Figure 13: Borrow Pits Locations ...... 38 Figure 14: Floodline Analysis Layout ...... 40 Figure 15: Water Abstraction Boreholes ...... 42 Figure 16: Rainfall data for the Williston Spiral Arm ...... 43 Figure 17: Rainfall data for the Carnarvon/Vanwyksvlei Spiral Arm ...... 43 Figure 18: Rainfall data for the Brandvlei Sprial Arm ...... 44 Figure 19: Karoo Supergroup sedimentary deposits ...... 50 Figure 20: Soil Type found on the Site ...... 51 Figure 21: Vegetation Types ...... 52 Figure 22: Disaster Management Area – SKA Locality Map ...... 76 Figure 23: SKA Disaster Management Structure ...... 79 Figure 24: SARAO Emergency Management Team Structure ...... 80 Figure 25: Location of Emergency Alarm at SKA Site Complex and Muster Point ...... 82 Figure 26: Location of Emergency Control Centre – Meysdam farmhouse ...... 83 Figure 27: A process guideline for the SKA for incident management purposes ...... 84 Figure 28: Lines of Communication ...... 86 Figure 29: Disaster Management Structure in South Africa ...... 87 Figure 30: Risk Quartile Matrix for priority risks identified at the SKA Site Complex ...... 88 Figure 31: Risk Quartile Matrix for priority risks identified on the NRF-owned land and the 3 Spiral Arms 88 Figure 32: South African Radio Astronomy Service (SARAS) Protection Levels, derived from the methodology outlined in Recommendation ITU-R RA.769-2...... 93 Figure 33: Example of RFI Tests undertaken Off-Site ...... 95 Figure 34: RFI Process Flow ...... 95 Figure 35: Example of EMC Risk Propogation Analysis ...... 96 Figure 36: Example EMC Risk Analysis – Risk Levels ...... 97 Figure 37: Example of a EMC Checklist for tenders ...... 97 Figure 38: Zone 0 (20m around each MeerKAT Receptor / SKA1 Dish) ...... 102 Figure 39: RFI Zones in the MeerKAT/SKA Core Area (Losberg and Meysdam) ...... 103 Figure 40: RFI Zones in the SKA Spiral Arms ...... 103 Figure 41: Strategic Environmental Assessment Area ...... 104 Figure 42: High-Very High Palaeo-Sensitivity Area to be monitored by Palaeontologist ...... 114 Figure 43: High-Very High Archaeological Sensitivity Areas to be monitored by Archaeologist ...... 115 Figure 44: Organisational Structures Responsible for Implementing the Conservation Management Plan ...... 116 Figure 45: Fossil Chance Find Protocol Process ...... 117 Figure 46: Archaeological Finds Procedure ...... 118 Figure 47: Water Process Flow Diagram during the construction phase of the project ...... 127 Page 8 of 239
Figure 48: Water Flow Process Diagram for the Construction Camps ...... 128 Figure 49: SKA Site Complex ...... 140 Figure 50: Security Access Control Points where SKA security guardhuts will be located ...... 143 Figure 51: Location of water license applications on the NRF-owned land ...... 151 Figure 52: Location of MeerKAT, HERA & HIRAX on Site ...... 158
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Summary of SKA1_MID ...... 17 Table 2: Summary of Servitude widths for SKA infrastructure ...... 21 Table 3: Ambient Temperature ...... 44 Table 4: Deployed climatic conditions ...... 46 Table 5: Storage climatic conditions ...... 47 Table 6: Climatic Conditions – Transportation ...... 49 Table 7: List of Minimum Requirements ...... 57 Table 8: Level of investigation guide ...... 60 Table 9: Speed Limits ...... 67 Table 10: Monitoring Plan ...... 70 Table 11: Weekly Statistics reporting ...... 71 Table 12: Monthly Statistics Reporting ...... 72 Table 13: Mandatory requirements for mobilisation ...... 75 Table 14: Hazard Classification...... 77 Table 15: Definition of RFI Operational States ...... 99 Table 16: RFI Zones on Site ...... 100 Table 17: Monitoring Requirements during Construction ...... 113 Table 18: Roles & Responsibilities for Heritage / Chance Finds ...... 120 Table 19: Water Classification for construction testing ...... 136 Table 20: Security Access Control Point Coordinates for the SKA ...... 142 Table 21: Receivers and distances for MRS operation ...... 149 Table 22: Water borehole license applications ...... 152 Table 23: Waste Produced ...... 153 Table 24: South African National Standards (SANS) Parameters ...... 153 Table 25: DWAF Water Quality Parametesr – Industrial Purposes ...... 154 Table 26: SKA1_MID IWWMP Action Plan ...... 155 Table 27: South African Key Stakeholders ...... 159 Table 28: Key Contact List ...... 162
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1 Introduction
In 2012 a decision was taken to colocate the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) in South Africa and Australia. This unique project is set to test the limits of human engineering and scientific endeavour over the next decade.
The SKA Organisation (SKAO) headquarters is located at the Jodrell Bank Observatory near Manchester in the United Kingdom. All design, construction and operational activities are led and coordinated from the headquarters.
The Karoo region of South Africa provides the perfect radio-quiet backdrop for the high and medium frequency arrays that will form a critical part of the SKA’s ground-breaking continent wide telescope. South Africa is already host to KAT 7, MeerKAT and the HERA radio telescope in the Karoo Radio Astronomy Observatory, with MeerKAT and HERA serving as precursors to the SKA.
The MeerKAT radio telescope commenced with scientific observations in 2019 and will be integrated during the latter part of construction of SKA1_MID. The scope of SKA1_MID includes the addition of up to 133 dishes and associated infrastructure with construction expected to commence in 2021 and be completed in 2027. SKA1_MID is expected to operate for 50 years.
SKA1_MID will conduct observations in many exciting areas of science, such as gravitational waves, pulsars, and will search for signatures of life in the galaxy. It will provide a jump in capability, providing 4 times more resolution and 5 times more sensitivity than the JVLA, the current best telescope as similar frequencies. Additionally, it will be able to map the sky 60 times faster. 1.1 Purpose of this Document
The purpose of this document is to: 1. Provide detailed information and instructions for the South African Site in the Karoo to assist Contractors in understanding the local conditions, environment, restrictions, policies and procedures which are in force on the South African Site and must be complied with.
1.2 Scope of this Document
The scope of this document is to provide information on: (i) The location of the SKA Site in South Africa, main access routes to the SKA site and transportation routes from major urban centres, airports and ports in South Africa; and (ii) The obligations, requirements, policies and procedures that must be understood and complied with when travelling to, visiting or involved in construction or operational activities at the Karoo Radio Astronomy Observatory; (iii) The environmental conditions that can be expected for people visiting or working at the Observatory site which includes detailed weather data, geotechnical, geohydrological, environmental, topographical and heritage information.
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1.3 Radio Astronomy Observatory in the Karoo
The Radio Astronomy Observatory in the Karoo was established in 2007. The KAT 7, MeerKAT and HERA radio telescopes are located on the farms Meysdam and Losberg. Meysdam and Losberg have been declared as the Core Astronomy Advantage Area in terms of the Astronomy Geographic Advantage Act, 2007 (Act No. 21 of 2007) (Government Gazette Notice 33462, 20 August 2010) [AD 3].
The Observatory has been expanded in 2017 to host the SKA radio telescope. This expansion includes the acquisition of an additional 36 land portions in the Karoo; taking the total land size up to 135,000 hectares. This land is owned by the National Research Foundation (NRF). The NRF has entered into a Management Agreement with SANParks to undertake the land management responsibility of the NRF-owned land and to declare a National Park in terms of the National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act, 2003 (Act No. 57 of 2003).
The 3 SKA1_MID spiral arms are located on 72 land portions which are currently being secured through Servitude Agreements with 59 landowners. This equates to approximately 1200 hectares of land which will accommodate access roads, overhead and buried optic fibre cable, standalone photovoltaic plants, transformers and buried electrical cable, antenna foundations and the surrounding platform at each antenna location.
The Klerefontein Support Base is located approximately 75km from the Site and 10km from Carnarvon and is also deemed as part of the Observatory.
For the purposes of this document, the expanded observatory is generally referred to as the “Observatory” because agreement on the formal name is still pending.
1.4 Interpretation
Clarifications concerning the interpretation of the present Conditions, Rules and Regulations shall be confirmed by the SKAO in writing.
1.5 Effect and Duration of the Conditions, Rules and Regulations addressed in this document
The Conditions, Rules and Regulations apply from the date of the start of the Contractor’s work on Site and last until the Contractor has left the Site; after completion of the Work and after the Contractor’s Work acceptance has been granted by the SKAO.
The Conditions, Rules and Regulations are applicable to all Contractors executing contracted Work at the Site.
1.6 Amendments
SKAO may amend the present Conditions, Rules and Regulations from time to time and/or as deemed necessary for the good execution of the Work on-site.
The Contractor shall draw SKAO’s attention, beforehand and in writing, to every consequence, the amendments to the present Conditions and Regulations may have on the contract price, on the date that the amendment is defined in order for costs to be clarified at the time of amendment. Page 12 of 239
1.7 Limitation on Use
Before confirming arrangements and embarking on travel to the Site for any purpose, visitors, service providers, Contractors and personnel are advised to refer to this document and understand access protocols and to undertake their own investigations when seeking to understand travel, transportation and environmental conditions, regulations, policies, procedures, protocols and constraints that could have an impact on them or others for whom they may have a responsibility. This document seeks to be informative and a starting point for detailed review and consideration of factors that could have an impact on individual or organisational preparations, visits and activities – however it is not intended to provide comprehensive information, nor shall it be relied upon as doing so.
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2 Documentation 2.1 Applicable Documents
[AD 1] MeerKAT Science SKA Construction Interferences Management Plan, SKA-TEL-SKO-0000975 & Risk Register, SKA-TEL-SKO-0000976, T. Cheetham [AD 2] SKA_MID Physical Configuration Coordinates, SKA.TEL-INSA-0000537; [AD 3] Astronomy Geographic Area Advantage Act, Act No. 21 of 2007 & its Regulations [AD 4] National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act, Act No. 57 of 2003 [AD 5] South African Hosting Agreement [AD 6] SKA Organisation Health, Safety & Environmental Management Plan, SKA-TEL-SKO-0000740, J. Kerr [AD 7] SKA SA (SARAO) Health & Safety Policy, SSA-0008A-001 Rev 01, 1 May 2017 [AD 8] Integrated Environmental Management Plan (IEMP) for SKA Phase 1 mid-freqency array (SKA1_MID) in South Africa, CSIR, 2018 [AD 9] Occupational Health and Safety Act, Act No 29 of 1996 and its Regulations [AD 10] Mine Health and Safety Act, Act 29 of 1996 and its Regulations [AD 11] Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act (Act 75 of 1997) [AD 12] South African Construction Regulations, 2014 [AD 13] Road Traffic Act, Act No 29 of 1989 [AD 14] Disaster Management Act, Act. No 57 of 2002 [AD 15] National Environmental Management Act, Act. No 107 of 1998 [AD 16] The South African Radio Astronomy Observatory Heritage Impact Assessment & Conservation Management Plan Project, Conservation Management Plan, Digby Wells Environmental, July 2018 [AD 17] SKA EMI/EMC Standards, Related Procedures & Guidelines, SKA-TEL-SKO-0000202 [AD 18] Policy for the Control of RFI on the Karoo Site, M2900-000-019 Rev 1; [AD 19] SARAO Visitors Policy, SSA-0006A-001, C Sharpe
2.2 Reference Documents
[RD 1] GCS, Hydrogeological Investigation – Square Kilometre Array South Africa, Northern Cape, SKA- TEL-INSA-0010014 Rev 1; [RD 2] GCS, SKA1_MID Borrow Pits Investigation Report, SKA-TEL-INSA-0010009 Rev 1; [RD 3] LiDAR Survey Report, SGP2015_37, Rev 1; [RD 4] GCS, Flood Line Assessment Update for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA1) Project, Northern Cape, South Africa, SKA-TEL-INSA-0010013 Rev 4; [RD 5] GCS, Stormwater Management Plan & Water Balance for the South African Mid-Frequency Array SKA Phase 1 (Core), Ver 2, 10 May 2019; [RD 6] GCS, Factual Report for the Antenna Foundations for the Extension of the SKA1_MID Project, Northern Cape Province: Final, April 2018; [RD 7] Environmental Conditions for the SKA 1 Site South Africa document, 301-000000-009 Rev 02, H. Niehaus, A Peens-Hough [RD 8] SKA1_MID Power Ramp Up Plan, SKA-TEL-SKO-0002188 [RD 9] SKA1_MID Integrated Construction Schedule [RD10] Screening Major Hazard Installation Risk Assessment of the Proposed Square Kilometre Array Site Complex near Carnarvon, Northern Cape, CSIR, Report Number R/16/CSIR-01 Rev 1, 7 August 2016 [RD11] Critical Design Report (CDR) for the Water & Sanitation Sub-element, SKA-TEL-INSA-0004021, T. Lekalake
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2.3 Glossary of Acronyms & Abbreviations
AAA Astronomy Advantage Area AD Applicable Document AGA Act Astronomy Geographic Area Advantage Act, Act No. 21 of 2007 AGIS Agricultural Geo-referencing Information System CFP Chance Find Protocol CPF Central Processing Facility COC Certificate of Compliance COIDA Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act CMP Conservation Management Plan CS Cultural Significance DMP Disaster Management Plan DMR Department of Mineral Resources DMPC Disaster Management Planning Committee DRA Disaster Risk Assessment DSI Department of Science and Innovation DSTI Daily Safe Task Instruction DWS Department of Water & Sanitation ECC Emergency Control Centre EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility EMI Electromagnetic Interference EMPr Environmental Management Plan EMT Emergency Management Team EMS Emergency Medical Services ERAP Emergency Response Action Plan ERP Emergency Response Plan ESD Electro Static Discharge EWT Endangered Wildlife Trust HERA Hydrogen Epoch of Reiniozation Array H&S Health & Safety HSMP Health & Safety Management Plan IEC International Environmental Conditions IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature IWWMP Integrated Water and Waste Management Plan KPI Key Performance Indicator LNA Low Noise Amplifier LTIFR Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate MRS Mobile Radio System MSP Managed Service Provider NEMPAA National Environmental Management Protected Areas Act, Act No. 57 of 2003 NKP National Key Point NRF National Research Foundation ODF Optic Distribution Fibre PDMC Provincial Disaster Management Committee PICC Presidential Infrastructure Coordinating Committee POP Point of Presence PORTNET South African Ports Authority PPE Personal Protective Equipment PrDP Public Drivers Permit PSIRSA Private Security Industry Regulatory Authority PTO Planned Task Observations RD Reference Document RFI Radio Frequency Interference RMF Regional Maximum Flood Page 15 of 239
RSA Republic of South Africa RQM Risk Quartile Matrix RQZ Radio Quiet Zone SAHRA South African Heritage Resource Authority SANAS South African National Accreditation System SAPS South African Police Service SANParks South African National Parks appointed by the National Research Foundation to manage the land owned by the NRF SARAO South African Radio Astronomy Observatory – entity responsible for the operations and maintenance of the MeerKAT radio telescope prior to handover to the SKAO SARAS South African Radio Astronomy Standards SAWS South African Weather Service SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SIP Strategic Integrated Project SKA Square Kilometre Array SKA1_MID SKA1 Phase 1 to be constructed in South Africa SKAO Square Kilometre Array Organisation Observatory SOC Science Operations Centre SOP Standard Operating Procedure SPOT Satellite for Earth Observation (Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre) SPC Science Processing Centre SRC Science Regional Centre SSA State Security Agency SWMP Storm Water Management Plan TBC To be Confirmed TBD To Be Determined TMP Traffic Management Plan TNA Training Needs Analysis UK United Kingdom
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3 SKA PROJECT: SOUTH AFRICA The SKA Project in South Africa includes up to 133 dishes and associated infrastructure and power for SKA1_MID which includes the 64 dish MeerKAT radio telescope (design baseline). A detailed breakdown is illustrated in Figure 1 and Table 1. A total of 176 dishes are located on the NRF-owned land (National Park) and 21 dishes on servitudes secured with landowners.
This document does not address the deployment baseline.
Figure 1: SKA1_MID – South Africa
Table 1: Summary of SKA1_MID Geographic Location Description MeerKAT/SKA core – 5km diameter on 91 SKA1_MID dishes Meysdam and Losberg farms (Figure 3) 64 MeerKAT dishes TOTAL: 155 dishes (77% of array) NRF-owned land (National Park) – 112 SKA1 dishes 135,000 hectares (Figure 4) 64 MeerKAT dishes TOTAL: 176 dishes (89% of array) 3 Spiral Arms (up to 120km baseline 21 SKA1 dishes from core) – 1200 hectare extent (Figure 5) TOTAL 197 Dishes
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4 PROJECT LOCATION 4.1 Physical location
South Africa is made up of nine Provinces illustrated in Figure 2:
1) Western Cape Province: Cape Town is located within the Western Cape Province which will be the location for the SKA Science Operations Centre (SOC), SKA Science Processing Centre (SPC) and the SKA Regional Science Centre (SRC). The Cape Town and Mosselbay Ports are located in this Province. Cape Town is the legislative capital of South Africa and houses the South African Parliament and the Western Cape Provincial Government; 2) Northern Cape Province: Carnarvon and the SKA Site are located within the Northern Cape Province. The Northern Cape Provincial Government is located in Kimberley and is the capital of the Province; 3) Eastern Cape Province: Port Elizabeth is the capital of this Province – the Coega and Port Elizzabeth Ports are located within this Province. Coega is located approximately 50km East of Port Elizabeth towards East London; 4) KwaZulu Natal Province: Durban Port is located within this Province; 5) Gauteng Province: administrative capital of South Africa and houses all South African National Government Departments; 6) North West Province; 7) Mpumalanga Province; 8) Free State Province; 9) Limpopo Province.
Figure 2: Map of South Africa, 9 Provinces and distances to SKA Site from Urban Areas
Carnarvon is the closest town located to the Site. Carnarvon is located 643km by road from Cape Town (Western Cape), 875km from Johannesburg and 400km from Kimberley. The closest shipping ports are located in Cape Town, Port Elizabeth and Coega (just outside Port Elizabeth) (Figure 9).
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The Site is located approximately 85km from the town of Carnarvon in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa.
4.2 Definition of the Site
The term “Site” shall mean the SKA1_MID area where construction will be undertaken. The Site is indicated in Figure 4 which is broken down into the four geographic areas:
1) Meysdam and Losberg farms (Figure 3) • This is defined as a Very High Risk RFI area in terms of the MeerKAT Science and SKA Construction Interferences Management Plan and Risk Register [AD1]; • Meysdam and Losberg have also been declared a Core Astronomy Area in terms of Section 7 of the Astronomy Geographic Area Advantage Act, 2007; • The higher elevation of this area is 1000m above sea level; • This area includes the following instruments, facilities and infrastructure:
- SKA Site Complex which includes the Central Processing Facility, Dish and Pedestal shed, SKA Power facility and staff accommodation [Coordinates: 30°45’13.00” S; 21°25’52.65”E]
- KAT 7 radio telescope [Coordinates: 30°43’17.62” S; 21°24’38.85”E]
- MeerKAT radio telescope centre [Coordinates: 30°42’46.65” S; 21°26’34.84”E]
- HERA guest instrument [Coordinates: 30°43’17.17” S; 21°25’41.32”E]
- SKA1_MID radio telescope centre (co-located with MeerKAT) [Coordinates: 30°42’46.65” S; 21°26’34.84”E]
- Losberg Construction Camp (design baseline) [Coordinates: 30°45’39.52” S; 21°24’24.85”E]
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Figure 3: Meysdam and Losberg farms – Very High Risk RFI zone
2) NRF-owned land which is being declared a National Park (Figure 4) • This area is owned by the NRF and is being declared as a National Park in terms of the National Environmental Areas Protected Act. This land will be managed by SANParks; • This area is defined as a High Risk RFI area in terms of the MeerKAT Science and SKA Construction Interferences Management Plan and Risk Register [AD7]; • This area falls within the Core Astronomy Advantage Area and the Karoo Central Radio Astronomy Advantage Area (KCAAA3) – refer to Figure 11. • Apart from the instruments, facilities and infrastructure located on Meysdam and Losberg, additional facilities and infrastructure located within this area are:
- Bergsig Construction Camp (design baseline) [Coordinates: 30°39’54.55” S; 21°31’41.68”E]
- Bergsig Environmental Research farmhouse (SAEON and other researchers) [Coordinates: 30°40’00.16” S; 21°31’46.03”E]
- SANParks offices – Swartfontein farmhouse and outbuildings [Coordinates: 30°41’01.92” S; 21°33’31.21”E]
- HIRAX guest instrument at Swartfontein [Coordinates: 30°41’21.47” S; 21°33’23.97”E]
- A number of SKA1_MID antennas on the spiral arms. Coordinates listed in the SKA1_MID Physical Configuration coordinates [AD2].
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Figure 4: NRF owned land (High Risk RFI zone) and remainder of the SKA Site (Low Risk RFI zone)
3) 3 SKA1_MID Spiral Arms and Carnarvon POP Station (Figure 4 & Figure 6) • This is defined as a Low Risk RFI area in terms of the MeerKAT Science and SKA Construction Interferences Management Plan and Risk Register [AD1] • There are 3 spiral arms, namely the Carnarvon Spiral Arm, Brandvlei Spiral Arm and the Williston Spiral Arm which extends from Meysdam and Losberg over the NRF-owned land to approximately 120km from the core site (design baseline); • Each spiral arm is secured by the NRF through a Servitude Agreement. The width of the servitudes is indicated in Table 2.
Table 2: Summary of Servitude widths for SKA infrastructure Infrastructure Element Width / Size SKA1_MID Antenna Base Station 100 x 100 m ( 1 hectare) Weather Station 10 x 10 m SaDT Fibre Repeater Stations1 20 x 20 m PV Plant 100 x 100 m (1 hectare) Overhead Power and Optic Fibre line 30 m wide Overhead Optic Fibre line 22 m wide Underground Power, Optic Fibre line link to Base Station 5 m wide Access Roads 10 m wide
• There are 8 antennas located on the Carnarvon Spiral Arm; 6 antennas on the Williston spiral arm and 7 antennas on the Brandvlei Spiral Arm; • Antennas on each spiral arm include associated infrastructure comprising of overhead powerlines, overhead optic fibre lines, access roads, optic fibre repeater stations, security fencing and standalone photovoltaic plants supplying the last five to 7 antennas in each spiral arm;
1 SaDT Repeater Station must be situated outside the servitude provided for overhead power line and fibre optic due regulatory and safety requirements. Page 21 of 239
• The naming philosophy of the Carnarvon, Brandvlei and Williston Spiral Arms is indicated in Figure 5; • The Carnarvon and Brandvlei Spiral Arms fall within the Karoo Central Radio Astronomy Advantage Area 3 (KCAAA3) and the Williston Spiral arms falls with the Karoo Central Radio Astronomy Advantage Area 3 (KCAAA3) and 2 (KCAAA2) (Refer to Figure 11); • The Carnarvon Point of Presence (POP) Station is where the SARAO-owned long-haul fibre from the SKA site terminates in Carnarvon. Reference can be made to Figure 6. This will serve as the interface point between the SARAO-owned fibre and the managed dark fibre by a Managed Service Provider (MSP). The land is owned by the Kareeberg Municipality which is leased by SARAO. • The coordinates for the Carnarvon POP Station are: Latitude: 30°58'12.06"S; Longitude: 22° 8'28.70"E
Figure 5: Spiral Arm naming philosophy
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Figure 6: Location of Carnarvon POP station, town of Carnarvon
4) Klerefontein Support Base - SKA Engineering Operations Centre (Figure 4 & 5) • This is defined as a Medium Risk RFI area in terms of the MeerKAT Science and SKA Construction Interferences Management Plan and Risk Register [AD1]; • The Klerefontein Support Base is located apprxoimately 10km from the town of Carnarvon and 75km from the SKA Site Complex; • The coordinates are: • Latitude: 30°58'24.28"S; Longitude: 21°59'43.21"E • The Klerefontein Support Base is where the SKA Engineering Operations Centre where the Site and Telescope operations and maintenance staff are located. Reference can be made to Figure 7.
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Figure 7: Klerefontein Support Base (SKA Engineering Operations Centre) location
4.3 SKA1_MID Physical Configuration Coordinates
The SKA1_MID physical configuration coordinates are listed in [AD2].
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5 SITE ACCESS
The Site is located approximately 85km from the town of Carnarvon in the Karoo, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. 5.1 International & Domestic Airports
International entry to South Africa is via Cape Town International Airport, Cape Town; Oliver Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg or King Shaka Airport, Durban. Upington Airport in the Northern Cape also serves as an international airport for cargo. Domestic airports in proximity to the Site include Kimberley, Bloemfontein (Bram Fischer), Port Elizabeth and George Airports (Figure 8).
Figure 8: South African International and Domestic Airports
5.2 Major Ports
South Africa has six major commercial ports which include Durban, Richards Bay, Cape Town, Saldanha Bay, Port Elizabeth and East London. The National Ports Authority (Portnet) manages these facilities including cargo-handling equipment, wharves and container terminals (https://www.portnet.com/home). Cape Town Port, Port Elizabeth Port and Ngquru Port are the closest ports to the Site (Figure 9).
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Figure 9: South African Ports (Portnet)
5.3 Road Access from Urban Centres
5.3.1 Road Access from Cape Town
The Site is approximately 728km from Cape Town (643km to SKA Site turn-off and 85km from turn-off to the Site). Road routing: Take N7 (National tarred road) routing through Malmesbury, Piketburg, Clanwilliam to VanRyhnsdorp. In VanRhynsdrop, take R27 to Niewoudtville, Calvinia. After Calvinia, take R63 to Williston. Approximately 120km from Williston, there will be signboard to the SKA site/VanWyksvlei. Turn left on tarred road. The Klerefontein Support Base (SKA Engineering Operations Centre) will be approximately 1km ahead on your left. The Site is approximately 75km from Klerefontein.
5.3.2 Road Access from Johannesburg / Kimberley
The Site is approximately 960km from Johannesburg and 485km from Kimberley.
Road routing from Johannesburg via Kimberley to the Site: N12 (national tarred road) from Johannesburg routing via Potchefstroom, Wolmaranstad, Bloemhof, Christiana, Warrenton, Kimberley, Hope Town, Strydenburg, Britstown, R384 (regional tarred road) from Britstown via Vosburg to Carnarvon and R63 (regional tarred road) from Carnarvon for 10km along road, turn-off to VanWyksvlei approximately 10km from Carnarvon on the right.
Alternative: domestic flight from Oliver Tambo International Airport, Johannesburg to Kimberley Airport, Kimberley. Drive from Kimberley to the Site.
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5.3.3 Road Access from Upington
Road routing from Upington to Britstown on the N10 (national tarred road) for 385km; then Britstown to Carnarvon on the R384 (regional tarred road) for 147km; 10km from Carnarvon to SKA site turn-off on the R63 (regional tarred road), 85km to SKA site on tarred road. Total km on tarred roads: 627km.
5.3.4 Road Access from Port Elizabeth
The total road distance from Port Elizabeth to Carnarvon is 590km. Take the N2 towards Deal Party, then take M3 offramp and turn right onto R102 - Grahamstown road and at Uitenhage exchange, take R75 past Kleinpoort, Jansenville which becomes R63 to Graaf Reinet. From Graaf Reinet, continue to Victoria West, Loxton and then Carnarvon. At the Carnarvon T-junction, turn left to Williston. Approximately 10km from Carnarvon, take the turn-off on the right to VanWyskvlei. The Klerefontein Support Base will be approximately 1km on the left hand side. 5.3.5 Road Access from George
The total road distance from George to Carnarvon is 415km. The Site is 85km from Carnarvon. Take the N12 past Dysseldorp, De-Rust, Klaarstroom to Beaufort West. Take the N1 highway to Beaufort West (Right). Take R381 from N1 to Loxton and Carnarvon. At the Carnarvon T-junction, turn left to Williston. Approximately 10km from Carnarvon, take the turn-off on the right to VanWyskvlei. The Klerefontein Support Base will be approximately 1km on the left hand side. 5.4 Site Access Rules
5.4.1 First time visit - SARAO Site Induction
Prior to entering the Site for the first time, all staff and Contractors will be required to complete a general SARAO Site Induction (attendance register to be signed). This induction will cover the aspects defined in this Site Information & Instructions document. The Site Induction will take place at the Klerefontein Support Base and managed jointly by the SARAO H&S, Environmental and RFI teams. The SARAO Site Manager must be notified 1 week in advance by first-time Site goers in order to arrange the Induction. Confirmation of induction will be indicated on the Site Access / Identity Card.
Re-inductions will take place:
• At the discretion of the SARAO Induction team • After being on leave (or absent) for 10 working days or more, or • After major incidents. The Site Induction is only valid for a maximum period of 12 months. 5.4.2 Contractor Site Induction All personnel, including the SKAO who are required or intend to visit Site for the purpose of meetings, inspections, discussions or testing of materials and equipment, shall:
• Notify the Principal Contractor’s Construction Manager of the intended visit; • Wear the correct PPE as assigned (safety shoes, long sleeved trousers & shirts, hard hat) and any additional item the Principal Contractor might require;
• Report to the Principal Contractor’s relevant site office before going to Site; • Where appropriate produce a Take 5 or DSTI or similar regarding their task;
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• Carry out a vehicle pre-start inspection; • On arrival undergo the Contractor’s visitor’s induction; • Sign in on the Contractor’s visitors register and wait for their escort; • Be escorted at all times while on Site; • Prior to leaving the Site return visitors pass and sign out on the visitors register. The Principal Contractor must indicate in his Health & Safety Management Plan (HSMP) how these minimum requirements and any additional requirements he feels is necessary will be communicated to visitors and managed properly.
5.4.3 General Access
Only employees of the SKAO, SARAO, or those persons or Contractors granted access in terms of: 1) The South African Hosting Agreement [AD5]; 2) SARAO Visitors Policy [AD19]; 3) Agreement in terms of the SARAO Guest Instrument Policy, 4) Other Agreements in place between SARAO and 3rd parties are allowed access to the Site. Refer to Section 18.2: Security which defines the process in which all staff and Contractors will be screened and issued with Site Access and Identification cards.
Persons may only access the Site for duties and/or activities that primarily require a physical presence on Site. These activities include: construction, maintenance, land management, health, safety and environmental management, EMC/EMI Management and security.
Public Open Days or Local (South African) strategic events or visits to the Site will be approved by the SARAO Managing Director and internatioal strategic events will be approved by the SKA Director General in consultation with the SARAO Managing Director.
No Visitors will be allowed access to the SANParks offices located at Swartfontein, unless approved by SARAO and SANParks.
5.4.3.1 Procedures for Site Access from Urban Areas / Carnarvon
All SKAO and SARAO staff, persons or Contractors travelling from urban areas or Carnarvon to the Site shall adhere to the following procedure: a. All staff and Contractors must check-in at the Klerefontein Support Base Security Office prior to departure to Site; b. Site security personnel shall conduct relevant security procedures, and are authorised to prevent access to the Site by any person, or evict such persons, should they not be authorized in terms of the Agreements or policies in Section 5.4.1., or if those persons are not acting in accordance to these Site Rules; c. SARAO Site Operations & Maintenance staff checks into the Klerefontein Support Base office on a daily basis prior to departing to Site. These staff are deemed as compliant in terms of the EMC/EMI requirements and will be exempt from being screened by the SARAO RFI Quality Officer (there will however be adhoc audits to check that SARAO staff have all their EMC/EMI permits in their vehicles); d. The SARAO RFI Quality Officer will check that SKAO staff, their contractors and visitors/3rd parties shall have RFI permits, CoCs and other paperwork in place for the vehicle, equipment and material
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deliveries. Should the paperwork not be in place, the vehicle will not be allowed access to the Site. A turning circle has been created at the Agricultural Research Centre entrance and all large vehicles will be required to turn back at that entrance; e. The SARAO RFI Quality Officer will also check that all cellphones, laptops, bluetooth devices are switched off. Lockers will be provided at the Klerefontein Support Base (EOC) if travellers wish to leave their devices locked up. The lockers will have a user-defined pin number with an override. Valuables can only left for a period of 7 days in the locker afterwhich they will be removed by the SARAO Site Manager; f. If all the paperwork is in order, the vehicle can proceed towards the Site. There are controlled security boom gates at the entrance to the National Park (Swartfontein), at Meysdam and at the SKA Site Complex on Losberg; g. All SKAO and SARAO staff, persons or Contractors will be required to sign in at the SKA Site Complex security gate. Vehicles will then proceed to the 2nd security access gate to the Site where the vehicle, equipment and deliveries will be tested (sniffed) for EMC/EMI compliance by the SARAO RFI Quality Officer. Compliant vehicles will be allowed to proceed to the MeerKAT/SKA core area. All vehicles will leave the Site through the SKA Site Complex and sign-off at security upon departure. h. Whilst on the Site, all SKAO and SARAO staff shall be subject to their own organisational policies, rules and regulations at all times (including after normal working hours). Contravention of this shall be treated in terms of the relevant disciplinary procedures of both organisations. i. All non-SARAO/SKAO persons shall be subject to the relevant provisions and agreements entered into between SARAO, the SKAO and those persons or the institutions they represent concerning access.
5.4.3.2 Procedures for Contractors staying at Construction Camps on Site
These procedures apply to Contractors residing at the Losberg and Bergsig Construction Camps (design baseline) and accessing the Site on a daily basis:
a. Contractor Camps are accessed through the main gate to each Camp (camps will be fenced); b. Contractors will proceed directly from the Construction Camp to the SKA Site Complex Security Gate. c. The necessary security checks and alcohol and drug testing will be undertaken; d. All Contractors will be required to sign in at the SKA Site Complex security gate. Vehicles will then proceed to the 2nd security access gate to the Site where the vehicle, equipment and deliveries will be tested (sniffed) for EMC/EMI compliance by a SARAO RFI Quality Officer. Compliant vehicles will be allowed to proceed to the MeerKAT/SKA core area. All vehicles will leave the Site through the SKA Site Complex and sign-off at security upon departure.
5.4.3.3 Procedures for SARAO and SKAO staff accessing the Site from the Site Landing Strip
Only SARAO/SKAO chartered flights will be allowed to land on the landing strip on the Site during construction. Flights will only be allowed to land and depart at SARAO approved times which has been arranged with the SARAO Site Planning team (typically a Wednesday). The contracted charter company must comply with the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) provided to them in terms of their appointment.
All SARAO and SKAO staff will comply with the procedures defined in 5.1.4.2 for Contractors.
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5.4.3.4 Procedures for Contractors and Visitors’ chartering flights to the Karoo
Contractors or Visitors will not be allowed to utilize the Site Landing Strip, unless for emergency purposes. The Carnarvon Municipal gravel landing strip (Figure 10) can be used by Contractors and/or Visitors’. Prior arrangement must be made with the Kareeberg Municipality. Key Contact details are provided in Section 27.
The coordinates are as follows: - Carnarvon gravel Landing Strip [Coordinates: 30°59’04.37” S; 22°07’3139.99”E]
The procedures for Site Access from the Carnarvon Landing Strip will be the same as defined in Section 5.1.4.5. – Procedures for Site Access from Urban Areas/Carnarvon.
Contractors and Visitors must make provision for their own ground transport to the Site.
Figure 10: Carnarvon gravel Landing Strip
5.4.3.5 Procedures for Site Access to SKA Spiral Arms
All SKAO and SARAO staff, persons or Contractors travelling from urban areas or Carnarvon to any of the 3 SKA Spiral Arms: a. All staff and contractors must check-in at the Klerefontein Support Base Security Office prior to departure to an antenna position in the spiral arms; b. Site security personnel shall conduct relevant security procedures, and are authorised to prevent access to the Site by any person, or evict such persons, should they not be authorized in terms of the Agreements or policies in Section 5.4.1., or if those persons are not acting in accordance to these Site Rules; c. The SARAO RFI Quality Officer will check that SKAO staff, their Contractors and visitors/3rd parties shall have RFII permits, CoCs and other paperwork in place for the vehicle, equipment and material
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deliveries. Should the paperwork not be in place, the vehicle will not be allowed access to the Site. A turning circle has been created at the Agricultural Research Centre entrance and all large vehicles will be required to turn back at that entrance; d. If all paperwork is in order, a SKAO lead vehicle will accompany the delivery vehicle to the identified position in the spiral arm. Detailed travelling maps to the 3 spiral arms will also be produced prior to construction. These can also be used for ease of reference. e. SARAO has secured right of access to antennas and asscociated infrastructure in the 3 spiral arms via Servitude Agreement with landowners; f. The SKAO Host Country Execution Manager will provide the SARAO Site Manager, SKAO Site Manager and the SARAO Land & Institutional Governance Manager with the following information: - Name of Contractors, list and number of staff, identity/passport numbers, contact details and types of vehicles/equipment that will be utilised by the Contractors; - SKA1_MID construction schedule which indicates when construction activities will take place on individual farm portions and estimated duration of the works; g. The Contractor will be required to display the SKAO logo and Contractor’s name/logo on vehicles using magnetic signs. The SKAO will provide a template for this as part of the tender pack. The Contractor shall be required to cost for these magnetic signs as part of the site establishment costs; h. The SKA Infrastructure Contractor will be responsible for the rehabilitation (95km) and construction of new access roads (340km) to the antennas in the spiral arms. This work will be executed at the commencement of construction of SKA1_MID. Existing and new access roads located on privately owned land will have access gates which will be shared between the landowner and the SKAO. i. Shared gate principles: - Open gates: a gate that is open upon arrival of a Contractor will be closed unless there is a rock in front of the gate which indicates that the gate must be kept open. - Closed gates: Closed gates will be closed again after the Contractor has passed through the gates. j. Gate at entrance to antenna stations: - The SKA Infrastructure Contractor will be responsible for the construction of the access road, perimeter fencing and access gate around the station, raised platform, optic fibre and electrical distribution to the antenna and the antenna foundation. The SKA Infrastructure Contractor will also be responsible for the provision of perimeter fencing around the optic fibre repeater stations in the spiral arms. The SKA Infrastructure Contractor will hand over the keys of the main access gate to the antenna station and the repeater stations to the SKAO Site Manager and SARAO Site Manager upon completion of construction. - Other Contractors (e.g. Dish Contractor) will be handed a set of gate keys upon commencement of construction for the remaining Scope of Work. All keys must be handed back by the SKAO Contractor to the SARAO Site Manager and SKAO Site Manager upon completion of construction. - The SKAO Host Country Execution Manager will report the completion of various stages of work at each antenna station in each spiral arm to the SARAO Land & Institutional Governance Manager in order for the SARAO Land & Institutional Governance Manager to communicate progress and completion to individual landowners. k. Any landowner queries must be directed to the SARAO Land & Institutional Governance Manager – refer to Section 27 Key Contact List.
5.4.3.6 Access to the Carnarvon Point of Presence (POP) Station
SARAO has a lease engagement with the Kareeberg Municipality to utilise the land at the Carnarvon POP Station. The POP is the interface between the SARAO-owned optic fibre link from the Site to Carnarvon and the long-haul backbone from Carnarvon to Cape Town.
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a. Contractors requiring access to the Carnarvon POP station for SKA1_MID must contact the SARAO Site Manager to obtain a key – refer to Section 27 – Key Contact List; b. Should access only be required for a day, the key must be returned immediately after use to the SARAO Site Manager (the Contractor will be required to sign for the key). If longer term work is required at the POP Station, the Contractor shall keep the key to access the POP Station until work has been completed. Upon completion, the key will be returned immediately to the SARAO Site Manager.
5.4.4 Visitor Classification and Access
5.4.4.1 Visitor Classification
a. Visitors shall be accommodated on Site for the purposes of scientific and technical collaboration, operational requirements, construction activity, stakeholder engagement and outreach; b. Any persons, other than SARAO employees that require access to the Site must be recognised as approved Visitors. Unless otherwise agreed by the SARAO Managing Director in consultation with the SKA Director General, non-compliance with any provision of these rules shall result in immediate rescindment of recognition as a Visitor, and all associated obligations, rights and priviledges; c. All Visitors shall require a Host Employee from SARAO, who shall be responsible for all activities and actions associated with the Visitor, unless otherwise agreed (e.g. long-term visits by SKAO employees); d. All SARAO and/or SKAO Contractors and their employees, shall be deemed Visitors, and may be subject to additional conditions and restrictions as prescribed in relevant agreements entered into between SARAO, the SKAO and the Contractor. The SARAO or SKAO designated liaison or contact person identified in the revelant agreements shall be deemed to be the Host Employee.
5.4.4.2 Visitor Obligations, Rights and Privileges
a. All Visitors shall comply with these instructions and SARAO policies, codes and rules as applicable; b. All approved Visitors shall be granted specific access to some or all of the Site, equipment and resources as is required for the purpose of the visit; c. Visitors shall be required to comply with any approved procedures and requirements related to access.
5.4.4.3 Visitor Access
a. Prior to staff or Visitors being granted access to the Site, everyone must under a once-off security screening – further detail on this is described in Section 18.2 - Security. b. All SKAO staff and Contractors will obtain a Visitors Card prior to gain access to the Site. This will be arranged by the SARAO Facilities Manager and delivered to the SARAO Site Manager to the Klerefontein Support Base. Visitors Cards will be handed over to the SKAO Site Manager who will distribute these to Contractors upon arrival at the Klerefontein Support Base; c. All other requests for Visitors to the Site must be approved in writing by the SARAO: Head: Communication. This approval will be granted in consultation with the SKAO Director of Communication; d. Visitors must be in possession of a Visitors Card, received upon completion of the Visitor Register located at the security guardhouse at the Klerefontein Support Base. Signing of the Visitor Register shall be deemed as acceptance of all the relevant applicable SARAO policies, codes of conduct, rules and instructions in this document. Visitors will be required to abide by general codes of Page 32 of 239
conduct and health and safety regulations. The Host Employee shall be expected to alert the Visitor of the relevant provisions when applicable; e. All Visitors will undergo a general Site Induction by the SARAO Health, Safety and RFI team prior to Visitors departure to the Site; f. Visitors on Site shall not disadvantage SARAO or SKAO staff, or unduly disturb the work of staff; g. Unless otherwise agreed by the SARAO Site Manager, no access by the Visitor shall be granted access to SARAO internal systems (such as the file server, intranet etc.). h. Any resources required by Visitors (meeting rooms etc.) must be booked by the Host Employee. 5.4.4.4 Security Screening prior to issuing Visitors Cards
The National Key Points Regulations require security screening of any person before access can be granted to the Site. The security screening is undertaken by the South African State Security Agency (SSA). This security screening must be undertaken prior to Visitor access / identification cards being issued by SARAO to allow access to the Site.
SARAO, SKAO and its Contractors must submit the required information at least 4 weeks prior to visiting/working on the Site to the SARAO Chief Security Officer – refer to Section 27 – Key Contact List.
Required information to be submitted:
• A summary sheet containing Full Name & Surname, ID Nr / Passport Nr and purpose for site visit or working on Site • Copy of South African Identification Document; or • Copy of valid Passport • Copy of valid visa/authorisation to work in South Africa
Security screening of all personnel is required to be done once a year. Visitors will be screened and record will be kept if re-occurring visits happen in the same calendar year. Contractors will be managed as per contract with annual screening of contractor staff as required.
All persons (personnel, visitors, contractors) will be issued with an SARAO identification card upon finalisation of screening which will indicate their screened status.
5.4.4.5 Visitor Cards and Categories
a. A Personalised Visitor Identification Card for Medium and Long Term Visitors (e.g. SKAO Employees and Contractors) must be applied for by the Host Employee in consultation with the SARAO and SKAO Site Manager at least 2 weeks prior to visiting Site. Applications shall be directed to the SARAO Facilities Manager (refer to Section 27 – Contact List) which includes an identity photograph, name, job title and Contractor’s name; b. The Visitor Card will be a personal Identity Card containing an Identity photograph, name, job title and the Contractor’s name. c. Visitors are defined as one of three different categories (with relevant conditions), as follows: i. Day Visitors (<24 hours) ii. Medium Term Visitors (1 Day – 1 Month) iii. Long Term Visitors (<1 month either continuously or sporadically)
d. No access will be granted to any individual without being in possession of the Visitor Identification Card; e. The Visitor Identification Card must be must worn in a clear and visible manner on his/her person.
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5.4.4.6 Public Open Days
a. Public Open Days will take place approximately every four months as approved by the SARAO: Head of Communication and the SKAO Director of Communication; b. For operational reasons, Public Open Days will always be scheduled for a Wednesday and during South African school holidays. c. A maximum of 60 to 65 Visitors will be permitted per Public Open Day, and one individual may not book for more than 10 Visitors; d. Visitors will be charged a fee of R350, which will nominally cover the cost of their trasnport from a meeting point in Carnarvon to the Site return, tea/coffee on arrival, a Site Tour and a branded gift; e. Visitors will be required to book for Public Open Days via an online booking and payment system - https://www.ska.ac.za/nrfsarao-losberg-site-public-open-days-2/ f. Visitors are responsible for the own travel costs to Carnarvon and their accommodation in Carnarvon, if required. g. Visitors will need to comply with all the SARAO site policies.
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6 ASTRONOMY GEOGRAPHIC AREA ADVANTAGE ACT & REGULATIONS To ensure protection of the SKA Site, the South African Government passed the Astronomy Geographic Advantage (AGA) Act in 2007 [AD3]. The AGA Act and associated Regulations have implictions for people living within an Astronomy Advantage Area (AAA).
The AGA Act provides for a wide range of requirements for the advancement and protection of astronomy including the development of skills, capabilities and expertise; the identification and protection of areas in which astronomy projects can be undertaken; the provision of a framework for the establishment, protection, preservation and maintenance of a national system of Astronomy Advantage Areas highly suitable for astronomy; and the regulation of activities which cause or could cause interference.
To date, the following AAAs (Figure 11) has been declared by the Minister of Higher Education, Science and Innovation (previously Science and Technology): • The Northern Cape Province excluding Sol Plaatje Municipality; • The Karoo Core AAA (Meysdam and Losberg); • The Karoo Central AAAs (remaining SKA Site and surrounding areas).
6.1 Karoo Core Astronomy Advantage Area
The Karoo Core Astronomy Advantage Area (AAA) was declared in 2010 and consists of 13 406 hectares of land (Meysdam and Losberg) owned by the National Research Foundation (NRF) about 85 km north of Carnarvon.
The Karoo Core AAA hosts the KAT 7, HERA, MeerKAT and SKA radio telescopes. The Karoo Core AAA is under a co-management agreement between the Astronomy Management Authority (Higher Education, Science & Innovation) and the NRF, in terms of Section 18 of the AGA Act. Duties of the NRF, as an organ of state, are prescribed in Section 47 of the AGA Act.
The Karoo Core AAA is subject to the “regulations restricting or prohibiting certain activities in the core astronomy advantage areas declared for radio astronomy purposes” as prescribed in Government Notice (GN) Regulation (R) 465 published on 22 June 2012. The regulations further prohibit any of the activities listed in section 23(1) of the AGA Act relevant to radio astronomy unless it is required for radio astronomy purposes. Access to the Karoo Core AAA is governed by section 20 of the AGA Act.
6.2 Karoo Central Astronomy Advantage Area
In 2014, following a public participation process undertaken in terms of Section 42 of the AGA Act, read with the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act, the Minister of Science and Technology declared the Karoo Central AAA 1, 2 and 3 for radio astronomy and related scientific endeavours: • Karoo Central AAA 1 extent includes approximately 123 456 square kilometres (km2), 2 • Karoo Central AAA 2 extent includes approximately 79 963 km and • Karoo Central AAA 3 extent includes approximately 44 602 km2.
The Karoo Central AAA 1 is the largest of the Karoo Central AAA and includes four District Municipalities: Namakwa District Municipality, Pixley Ka Seme District Municipality, Siyanda District Municipality, and Central Karoo District Municipality.
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In 2017, the Minister of Science and Technology published the Karoo Central AAA Regulations to protect the Karoo Central AAA from radio interference. The Karoo Central AAA regulations prescribe specific protection measures for the use of the radio frequency spectrum and prescribe standards and conditions that must be complied with in conducting activities declared in terms of subsections 23(1) (b), (i) and (k) of the AGA Act (Figure 11).
Figure 11: South African SKA Site in relation to the Karoo Astronomy Advantage Areas
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7 SITE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 7.1 Site Characterisation Studies
There are various site investigations that were undertaken and the information analysed and interpreted in order to inform the detail design of the infrastructure for SKA1_MID. The investigations undertaken are listed below: a. Topographical Survey (LIDAR) [RD3] b. Borrowpit Investigation [RD2] c. Floodline analysis [RD4]; d. Geotechnical Investigations [RD6]; e. Geohydrological Study [RD1]; f. Stone Quarry Investigation [RD2]
7.1.1 Topographical (LIDAR) Survey
A topographical survey (LIDAR) [RD3] was undertaken covering the footprint of the Site based on the 2015 dish configuration for the geometric design of the roads (30cm resolution). Prior to the LIDAR survey nine (9) additional survey beacons were installed on Site in addition to the three (3) existing MeerKAT beacons. There are therefore a total of 12 survey beacons that were used as reference points for the LIDAR survey as shown in Figure 12.
Figure 12: LIDAR Survey and SPOT Coverage Areas
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It was anticipated that the 2015 configuration may change therefore as a contingency; a data set from the Satellites For Earth Observation (SPOT) was procured for the LIDAR survey area and beyond. Some of the roads fall outside the LIDAR area but are within the SPOT coverage area which is acceptable for this design as most of the roads are still within the LIDAR area.
The LIDAR survey coverage area is shown in red, SPOT is the green box and the survey beacons are shown in green (new) and Yellow (existing). The survey beacons will be used as benchmarks for establishment of additional benchmarks and for construction of the roads. Reference can be made to [RD3] for the LIDAR survey and the survey beacons report. This information can be made available by the SKAO to Contractors.
7.1.2 Borrowpit Investigation (geotechnical investigation)
The borrow pits investigation was undertaken to determine the quantity and quality of the material within the SKA1_MID footprint that could be sourced to upgrade existing roads and construct new access roads to the dish locations.
A total of fifteen (15) borrow pits were physically investigated while borrow pits towards Brandvlei, along the Carnarvon-Williston Road and along the access road to the south-most dish were limited to visual inspections. Four (4) of the fifteen (15) investigated borrow pits are existing MeerKAT borrow pits. The intention was to use as many of the existing borrow pits as possible in an effort to minimise the environmental impact and aid negotiations with the land owners. Figure 13 presents the locations of the borrow pits which are located within 25km from a construction area.
Figure 13: Borrow Pits Locations
The following tests were undertaken on the materials from the borrow pit test pits:
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• Grading analysis • Soil classification • Atterberg limits • Grading modulus • California Bearing Ratio • Wet-dry (durability) • ACV – Aggregate Crushing Value • 10% FACT – Fines Aggregate Crushing Test
The materials found on the site are mostly calcrete and mudstone, and are generally classified as G6, G7 & G8 with a Plasticity Index that ranges from 6 to 12, Grading Modulus of at least 1.4, CBR of at least 11 (worst case) @ 95% MOD AASHTO. There are also some borrow pits that have weathered dolerite which is even better as classification of this material is at least G6. Based on the borrow pits investigation results and visual inspections, there is sufficient material from the borrow pits for the construction of SKA1_MID access roads. Reference can be made to [RD2] for the Borrow Pits investigation report.
7.1.3 Floodline Analysis
A Floodline Analysis [RD4] was undertaken of the Site to assess the flood risk associated with the proposed development. The purpose of the analysis was also to facilitate a safe environment and environmentally sustainable surface water plan.
The flood lines were determined for the main rivers and streams within the study area for the 1 in 5-year, 1 in 10-year, 1 in 20-year, 1 in 50-year, 1 in 100-year storm event recurrence intervals as well as for the Regional Maximum Flood (RMF), as presented in Figure 14.
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Figure 14: Floodline Analysis Layout
There are also existing and new roads that cross streams and rivers on Site and the stormwater catchment flow drawings are available. Mitigation measures for both the dish locations and the road crossings are contained in the design solution for Access. Reference can be made to [RD4] for the Floodline Analysis report.
This report will be used to apply for a General Authorization for all crossings (1200) from the Department of Water & Sanitation (refer to Section 21 – Construction Licenses).
7.1.4 Antenna Foundation Geotechnical Investigation
This report contains the findings for the SKA1_MID Antenna Foundations [RD6]. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the subsurface soil and rock conditions below the proposed antenna foundation sites. The geotechnical investigation undertaken considers the determination of the allowable ground conditions through percussion and rotary-core drilling as well as through test pits with plate load tests.
This report provides the factual report for the antenna sites as follows: • Seventeen Rotary-core boreholes have been drilled to date (incl. re-drills) on the site, at varying localities within the core area and along the spiral arms; • Eighty seven percussion boreholes have been drilled to date (incl. re-drills) on the site, at varying localities within the core area and along the spiral arms; • Seven test pits have been excavated to date on site at varying localities within the core area and along the spiral arms;
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• Laboratory testing on borehole soil and rock core samples and on test pit soil samples to better understand the engineering properties of the subsurface soil and the strength parameters of the weathered and fresh rock at depth below the sites; • Plate load tests in test pits were possible in order to better understand the settlement properties of the overlying soils and/or shallow weathered rock, and finally; • A factual report on the site findings for the antenna foundation locations.
The recommendations from this report have informed the design and type of antenna foundations proposed for the various locations on the Site.
This report will also be used by SARAO on behalf of the SKAO to apply for mineral permit exemptions (or mineral permits) from the Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) for construction. 7.1.5 Stone Quarry Investigation
The Stone Quarry Investigation (report) – [RD2] contains the findings of a materials investigation for the proposed quarry sites for SKA1_MID. These quarries are required to source suitable material (quality and quantity) for the construction of the SKA1_MID Antenna Foundations.
The proposed quarry sites are approximately 90 km northwest of Carnarvon. The rock quality and volumes have been evaluated by drilling thirteen boreholes to an average depth of 19 to 20 meters below existing ground level. The soils and rock cores were used to provide material for the testing of the rock quality.
The results obtained are generally very favorable suggesting that the rock can be used in applications such as concrete aggregate.
This report will also be used by SARAO on behalf of the SKAO to apply for mineral permit exemptions (or mineral permits) from the Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) for construction.
7.1.6 Geohydrological Study
A geohydrological study [RD1] was undertaken over the SKA1_MID footprint. The purpose of the study was to:
• Undertake borehole hydrocensus; • Assess the groundwater capacity; • Assess the content of the groundwater; • Build a geohydrological model; • Assess the impact of abstraction on the resources; • Determine water abstraction points; and • Use the groundwater information compiled during the investigation as input for the water-use license applications
Water abstraction boreholes for the roadworks was identified and tested to confirm the sustainable yield of each borehole. The boreholes were identified based on their location relative to the construction areas and they are shown in Figure 15.
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Figure 15: Water Abstraction Boreholes
The boreholes yield test results confirmed a total surplus of 59kl/day over the full project when comparing the total sustainable yield and the estimated demand which can almost satisfy the estimated 66kl/day per road construction area required for road construction. There are however boreholes with less than the required minimum yield (or zero yield) which will need to be supplemented by other boreholes through trucking of water and storing it in the water storage tanks. Reference can be made to the Water and Sanitation Detailed Design Report [RD11] for the breakdown of the total water demand and the yields from each borehole. It will be the contractor’s responsibility to determine the optimal method of supplying water for construction of the roads.
Water samples from the proposed abstraction points were tested to determine suitability for use in construction and the results confirm that that the water does not contain any material that could negatively affect the quality of the roadworks. The water from site footprint therefore can be used for construction of the access roads. Reference can be made to the Geohydrological Study Report [RD1].
This report will be used by SARAO to apply on behalf of the SKAO for integrated water and waste management licenses for SKA1_MID from the Department of Water & Sanitation (DWS).
7.2 Climatic Data
7.2.1 Rainfall
The Site is characterised by an arid climate with very little summer rainfall. Rainfall statistics were captured at the weather stations located in Williston (Figure 16), Vanwyksvlei/ Carnarvon (Figure 17) and Brandvlei (Figure 18) for each month of the year in 2010. The data collected include the average rainfall per day, absolute maximum daily rainfall over each day of a month and absolute maximum rainfall in 1 hour burst Page 42 of 239 in each month. Based on this data, the calculated average annual rainfall for the study area is less than 200mm with peak rainfall occurring in March. The annual evaporation rate is approximately 2300mm (much higher than the mean annual rainfall). Summers are typically hot and dry, whereas winters are icy and dry with dew and frost being typical during the night.
Figure 16: Rainfall data for the Williston Spiral Arm
Figure 17: Rainfall data for the Carnarvon/Vanwyksvlei Spiral Arm
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Figure 18: Rainfall data for the Brandvlei Sprial Arm 7.2.2 Temperature
The area experiences typically desert like conditions with extreme temperatures experienced between day/night as well as summer/ winter. Summers are typically hot and dry, whereas winters are icy and dry with dew and frost typical during the night. The expected Ambient Temperatures for the Site stated in this section is based on data from the KAT7 weather station over the period of 2012 to 2014, and presented in the Table 3.
Table 3: Ambient Temperature Description All-time Day-time Night-time [°C] [°C] [°C] Maximum (3σ) 37 37 32 Minimum (3σ) 0 1 0 Average 19 21 16
7.2.3 Altitude
The landscape of the Site comprises abrupt ridges and conical hills scattered across extensive sandy and silty plains. The altitude ranges from 1500masl (meters above sea level) the escarpment in the South (Fraserburg) to 900masl on the pans between Brandvlei and Vanwyksvlei. There is thus a gentle gradient of 0.6km over a distance of 300km.
7.2.4 Seismic Conditions
In terms of the seismic conditions on Site – natural seismic activity, excluding mining induced seismic activity – SKA1_MID is expected to have a seismic intensity level as <3.8 Richter scale.
7.2.5 Lighning Conditions
The Site is expected to experience on average 1-3 lightning ground flash events per km2 per year.
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7.2.6 Environmental Conditions based on the Internatonal Standard for Classification of Environmental Conditions
Based on the International Standard for Classification of Environmental Conditions, IEC 60721-3-4, the climatic conditions for SKA1_MID equipment are stated below for: • Deployment; • Storage; and • Transportation.
7.2.6.1 Deployed Conditions
Static use in non-weather protected locations
The Environmental Conditions for SKA1_MID equipment during the operational deployed lifetime at non weather-protected locations are presented in Table 4. The climate for the Site is defined as being Extremely Warm Dry as per IEC 60721-2-1. These standards presented state the extreme expected conditions for the purpose of life time durability and endurance. This includes both operational and non-operational climatic conditions.
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Table 4: Deployed climatic conditions
Conditions Expected Conditions Comments IEC 60721-3-4 The extreme ambient temperatures are adjusted based on the expected site conditions. Refer to the Environmental Conditions for Ambient (1,2)Low: -5 °C the SKA 1_MID in Site South Africa document [RD7] for the Temperature (1,2)High: 40 °C statistical distribution of the measured temperature conditions on the Site
Relative Low: 4 %
Humidity High: 100 %
Absolute Low: 0.9 g/m3
Humidity Class 4K4H High: 36 g/m3
Rain intensity (1,2)15 mm/min Rate of change 5.0 °C/10min of temperature
Low: 70 kPa Air Pressure High: 106 kPa
1120 Watt/m2 Solar Radiation The expected daily average solar radiation is 450 Watt/m2. (peak)
Heat Radiation Class 4Z1 None The extreme wind speed is adjusted based on the expected Site conditions as stated inError! Reference source not found. the (1,2)44.4 m/s max Wind Speed Class 4Z5 Environmental Conditions for the SKA 1 Site South Africa document gust [RD7] for the statistical distribution of the measured wind conditions on the Site. Condensation Yes
Rain: Yes
(1,2)Snow: Yes Limited to light snowfall of 20mm with a density of 130kg/m3. Precipitation Class 4K4H Limited to hailstones with impact energy of ±11J. This is typically (1,2)Hail: Yes tested by means of ice balls of size 38mm in diameter at ±27.4m/s. Low rain 5°C temperature Water from Limited to splashing, water run-off from structures and ground other sources Class 4Z7 (1,2)Yes level water pooling to a depth of 200mm. than rain Ice and frost Class 4K4H (1,2)Yes Limited to frost formation on exposed surfaces. formation (1) Values of the IEC standard is adjusted (2) Values of the ETSI standard is adjusted
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Static use in weather-protected locations The weather-protected locations such as inside the Dish Pedestal and inside the Buildings on Site are exposed to the outside conditions (as described above). The inside conditions will depend on the type of environmental protection and control provided by the different locations and needs to be defined as part of the interface between the host and hosted equipment.
7.2.6.2 Storage Conditions
The expected storage climatic conditions during the operational life of SKA1_MID equipment are based on IEC 60721-2-1, and these climates include Extremely Warm Dry, Mild Warm Dry and Warm Dry. The Storage Conditions for SKA1_MID are as presented in Table 5.
The environmental conditions of the storage facilities envisage the following: • No climatic control is provided, only natural ventilation. • The buildings are not air tight, but provide limited protection against the entry of dust and sand. • The buildings will provide protection against most animals and termites. • No sources of significant levels of vibration and shock are close-by.
Table 5: Storage climatic conditions Expected Conditions Conditions Comments IEC 60721-3-1, Class 1K3 Ambient Min: - 5 °C Temperature Max: + 45 °C Refer to the Environmental Conditions for the SKA1_MID Site South Africa document [RD7] for the statistical Min: 5 % Relative Humidity distribution of the measured temperature conditions on Max: 95 % the Site. Absolute Min: 1 g/m3 Humidity Max: 29 g/m3 Rate of change of 0.5 °C/min temperature Low air pressure 70 kPa High air pressure 106 kPa Solar Radiation 700 W/m2 Heat Radiation No Movement of 1 m/s surrounding air Condensation Yes Precipitation, rain No Rain intensity No Low rain No temperature Water from other No sources than rain Formation of ice & Yes frost
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7.2.6.3 Transportation Conditions
The expected transportation climatic conditions of SKA1_MID equipment (components, line replaceable units) during the operational life are presented in Table 6. These transportation climatic conditions: • Allows for the transportation between the various SKA1_MID storage and workshop facilities as well as on the Site itself; • The climate for these locations includes the Extremely Warm Dry, Mild Warm Dry and Warm Dry climatic regions as defined by IEC 60721-2-1; • Allows for transportation by road with truck and pick-up on corrugated gravel roads; • Allows for transportation by air in heated and pressurized aircraft holds; • Allows for non weather-protected transportation; • Allows for transport through coastal areas and urban areas with normal industrial activities. • Excludes exposure to termites; • Excludes direct exposure to water jets from cleaning; and • Allows for mechanical handling of equipment > 20kg by means of forklift and cranes and handling by hand of equipment < 20kg. Since transportation and handling will be by trained staff and selected agencies the risk of dropping equipment is low.
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Table 6: Climatic Conditions – Transportation Conditions Expected Conditions Comments IEC 60721-3-2, Class 2K5H (1,2)Min: -5°C Extreme temperatures are adjusted based on (2)Max: +40°C (Ventilated) expected conditions in South Africa. Ambient Temperature (1,2)Max: +70°C (Non- Ventilated) Change of temperature (air/air) (1,2)-5/+30°C
Change of temperature (air/water) (1)+40/+5°C Relative Humidity 95% High, not combined with rapid (2)+50°C temperature changes Relative Humidity 95% High, not combined with rapid (1,2)-5/+30°C temperature changes Absolute Humidity combined with (1)60g/m3 rapid temperature changes (1)+70/+15°C Low air pressure (1)70kPa Transport in pressurized aircraft holds only. Change of air pressure (1)No
Movement of surrounding air (1)20m/s Based on wind speed data of the Site.
Precipitation, rain (2)15mm/min
Solar Radiation 1120W/m2
Heat Radiation 600W/m2
Water from other sources than rain (1)1m/s (splashing) Transport by ship on open deck is excluded. (velocity)
Wetness Wet surfaces (1) Values of the IEC standard is adjusted (2) Values of the ETSI standard is adjusted
For further detailed explanation of the climatic data and related climatic statistics refer to Section 6 of the Environmental Conditions for the SKA1_MID Site in South Africa [RD 7].
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7.3 Geology
The Site consists of sedimentary deposits from the Dwyka Group, Ecca Group and Beaufort Group as illustrated in Figure 19. These three groups are part of the Karoo Supergroup. The Dwyka Group is the earliest and lowermost of the Karoo Supergroup of sedimentary deposits, it is overlaid by the Ecca Group which in turn is overlaid by the Beaufort group.
Figure 19: Karoo Supergroup sedimentary deposits
7.3.1 Surface Water Bodies and Soil Types
Drainage is mostly associated with endorheic rivers arising on the escarpment (e.g. Sakrivier) and flowing off ridges and hills. These rivers flow northwards and discharge into the pans (Brandvlei, Verneukpan, Vanwyksvlei) where the water evaporates. Although the soils of the plains are generally shallow to skeletal, wind and water-borne sediments have accumulated in parts of the landscape. In the Vanwyksvlei/Carnarvon Spiral Arm area, many stony plains are devoid of soil whereas wind-blown sand has elsewhere accumulated to form dunes that overlie the mudstone plains and dolerite outcrops in some places.
According to the generalized soil pattern data from the Southern African Agricultural Geo-referenced Information System (AGIS), six soils types are found on the Site (Refer to Figure 20). These six soil types are usually found in the arid parts of the country and include: • Red and yellow, well drained sandy soils with high base status3 (AR2 on the map); • Soils with negligible to weak profile development, usually occurring on deep alluvial deposits (FL on the map); • Soils with minimal development, usually shallow, on hard or weathering rock, with or without intermittent diverse soils. Lime generally present in part or most of the landscape (LP2 on the map); • Soils with a marked clay accumulation, strongly structured and a reddish colour. Prismacutanic and/or pedocutanic diagnostic horizons dominant (PL1 on the map); • Rock with limited soils (R on the map); and
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• Strongly saline soils generally occurring in relatively deep deposits in low lying arid areas (SC on the map).
Figure 20: Soil Type found on the Site
7.3.2 Vegetation
Two Biomes occur on the Site, namely the Azonal Vegetation Biome (which is part of the Inland Saline Vegetation Bioregion) and the Nama-Karoo Biome (which is part of the Bushmanland Bioregion and Upper Karoo Bioregion). Each biome contains several vegetation types namely: Bushmanland Arid Grassland, Bushmanland Basin Shrubland, Bushmanland Sandy Grassland, Bushmanland Vloere, Northern Upper Karoo, Upper Karoo Hardeveld and Western Upper Karoo. Refer to Figure 21 for the extent of the different vegetation types.
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Figure 21: Vegetation Types
Amongst the vegetation types described above, 89 records of 47 plant species of conservation concern were recorded on the Site. The plant families with the most species of conservation concern are Iridaceae, Amaryllidaceae and Apocyaceae. These three plant families are geophytes or small shade succulents and difficult to detect in field surveys during dry periods. Three plant species of conservation concern occur on the Site: • Aloe dichotoma (vulnerable); • Hoodia gordonii (data deficient, declining); and • Acacia erioloba (declining).
The following plant species defined in the Northern Cape Nature Conservation Act as specially protected and protected, are also present on the Site: • slow-growing trees (Boscia species, Acacia erioloba), • geophytes in the Amarayllidaceae, Hyacinthaceae, Iridaceae, Oxalidaceae plant families, • succulents in the Apocynaceae, Asphodelaceae, Crassulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Geraniaceae, Portulacaceae plant families, and • certain medicinal plant species (Harpagophytum sp., Sutherlandia sp.).
7.3.3 Mammals
The Site supports a high diversity of mammal species, particularly rich in small carnivores and rodents. Most of the species are widespread and not considered to be of any conservation concern. The survey conducted by the Endangered Wildlife Trust (EWT) in 2016 confirmed the presence of several small carnivores, insectivores and rodents including mongoose, caracal, black backed jackal, aardvark, steenbok, kudu and common hares on the NRF-owned land. In addition to this, the SEF survey in December 2006, recorded the presence of African wild cat (Felis silvestris lybica), steenbok (Raphicerus campestris), striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio) and Karoo Bush Rat (Otomys unisulcatus) on Meysdam and Losberg. Furthermore, a Page 52 of 239 survey was conducted by the EWT in May and June 2016 to confirm that the Riverine Rabbit (Bunolagus monticularis), which has a critically endangered status on the International Union for Conservation and Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, does not occur within the study area.
7.3.4 Reptiles
The Site is fairly rich in tortoises and lizards, but snake diversity is low in comparison with higher rainfall areas. The only species of conservation concern is the Karoo padloper (Homopus boulengeri) tortoise which occurs in the south of the Site and is Near-Threatened according to the assessment by Bates et al. (2014). The Fisk’s House Snake (Lamprophis fiskii) which could occur on the Site is listed as Vulnerable.
7.3.5 Birds
The dolerite sills and rock faces provide breeding, roosting and foraging habitat for a number of bird species, most notably threatened species such as Verreaux’s Eagles (Aquila verreauxii), the “Near- Threatened” Lanner Falcon (Falco biarmicus) and the endemic Jackal Buzzard (Buteo rufofuscus). The grey shale pediments also provide an ideal nesting platform for the near-endemic Sclater’s Lark (Spizocorys sclateri). An avifauna specialist study was conducted on the farm Meysdam and Losberg in 2007, indicating that 189 bird species are expected to occur in the study area of which 33 were confirmed during the SEA survey period. During this study, 13 Red Data birds with distribution ranges sympatric to the study area were identified, of which 4 species were allocated low probabilities of occurrence and considered vagrant in the study area. The remaining nine Red Data birds are the Martial Eagle (Polemaetus bellicosus); Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni); Kori Bustard (Ardeotis kori); Ludwig’s Bustard (Neotis ludwigii); Red Lark (Certhilauda burra); Black Stork (Ciconia nigra); Secretary Bird (Sagittarius serpentarius); Lanner Falcon (Falco biarmicus); and Sclater’s Lark (Spizocorys sclateri). In 2016, an avifauna sensitivity study was prepared as part of this SEA. The number of species recorded within the SEA study area is 264, of which only 152 species can be considered resident, and the remainder are breeding migrants (19 species), non- breeding migrants (32 species), nomads (37 species) and vagrants (15 species).
The highest priority resident species within the study area is the Red Lark (Certhilauda burra). For this species, protection of the remaining habitat is especially urgent. The highest priority endemic and nomadic species in the Karoo is the Sclater’s Lark (Spizocorys sclateri) which is characterised as Near-threatened by BirdLife South Africa. A third priority species, the endemic and resident Cinnamon-breasted Warbler (Euryptila subcinnamomea) is confined to inselbergs and rocky ridges in the Succulent and Nama Karoo.
For further detailed explanation of the environmental conditions of Site, reference can be made to Chapter 3 of the IEMP [AD8].
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8 HEALTH & SAFETY MANAGEMENT SARAO and the SKAO are committed to protecting personnel from accidental death, injury, or occupational illness and safeguarding systems, infrastructure, and property from accidental destruction, or damage while executing its engineering and science requirements. The SKAO Health, Safety & Environmental Management Plan [AD8] serves as a vehicle to communicate the high-level quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the approach to safety to be taken by the SKAO. As the Site is owned by the South African National Research Foundation (NRF) and will be operating the MeerKAT radio telescope and other guest instruments on Site, the SKA SA (SARAO) Health & Safety Policy [AD7] will also be applicable.
Contractors will be required to develop Health & Safety Management Plans (HSMP) as part of their tender response to the SKAO to demonstrate their understanding of South African legislative requirements and compliance to the SKAO Health, Safety & Environmental Management Plan [AD6]. Residual design risks have been captured in a system-level Hazard Analysis which Contractors need to address during the design verification and construction phase.
8.1 South African Regulatory Requirements
All Contractors will be required to comply with the South African Occupational Health & Safety Act – (Act No. 29 of 1996) [AD9] and its Regulations; the Mine Health and Safety Act – (Act 29 of 1996) [AD10] and its Regulations and the Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act (Act 75 of 1997) [AD9], contractual requirements and relevant industry standards and codes of practice.
8.1.1 Contractor Tender Returnables
The following documents shall be submitted as part of the Contractor’s tender: • Site organogram • Valid letter of good standing with the Compensation Commissioner (or similar insurer) • Roles & responsibilities of legal appointees • CV’s of all legal appointees • CV’s of Contractor H&S Manager and Officers • Contractor / company H&S Policy • Copy of H&S Management Plan of previous projects of a similar nature • Copy of an Emergency Response Action Plan (ERAP) of previous projects of a similar nature • Copy of excavation safe work procedure and fall protection plan of previous projects of a similar nature • H&S Risk Management procedure, including Risk Matrix and methodology used • Copies of Risk Assessments of three high-risk / main activities of previous projects of a similar nature • Five (5) year synopsis of incident statistics per project including Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate (LTIFR), first aid cases and medical treatment cases: - Budget for H&S on each of the projects - Actual cost for H&S on each of the projects - Total hours worked on each project - Fatal and lost time incidents to be described in detail • Overview of selection process of Contractors • Construction H&S file index • Contractor’s H&S disciplinary procedure • Health, safety and security cost breakdwon for the particular Scope of Work to be executed by the Contractor which includes:
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- Medical fitness examinations - H&S administration – pre mobilisation - H&S administration during the Contract - Induction training - Specific training per month - Personal protective equipment - Compliance to vehicle and mobile plant requirements - Security - H&S Manager - H&S Officer - H&S Administrator - Signage - First Aid - Emergency preparedness - Independent audit (yearly) - Other (specify).
8.1.2 Termination and Suspension of Contract
Contractors agree that the provisions of the Health and Safety specifications and requirements are not negotiable, and any contravention of the South African Occupational Health and Safety Act [AD9] is considered to be a material breach of Contract.
Contractors must not cause, permit, or tolerate a hazardous, unsafe, unhealthy or environmentally unsound condition or activity over which is has control at the Site.
If the Contractor becomes aware of any hazardous, unsafe, unhealthy or environmentally unsound conditions, including a violation of any of the H&S requirements, he must immediately notify the Principal or Tier 1 Contractor (if not the Principal or Tier 1 Contractor). Thereafter, appropriate steps must be taken, where necessary and as agreed between the Principal or Tier 1 Contractor and the Contractor, to remove from Site, eliminate, terminate, mitigate, and/or rectify the identified condition. If remedial action is not implemented within the agreed time, the Contractor has the responsibility to stop work related to the identified condition.
Should the Principal or Tier 1 Contractor observe an unsafe act or become aware of an unsafe act, he must direct the relevant Contractor to cease, or not to proceed with the unsafe work. Each Contractor must at their own cost and risk, modify its method of work in order to work safely to the satisifaction of the Principal or Tier 1 Contractor.
Where the Principal or Tier 1 Contractor or any of its Contractors are identified to be performing work where the H&S controls are not implemented as required, the relevant Contractor shall be in breach of this requirements, rules and regulations and of his Contractor penalties may apply for any deviations found.
Continued non-compliance to legislation and SKA health & safety legislation and requirements may result in termination or suspension of Contract for the Contractor or replacement of individuals in terms of the project specific disciplinary procedure and the contractual requirements.
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8.1.3 Organisational Requirements & Responsibilities
8.1.3.1 Organisational Structure
Each Contractor must provide an organisational chart that shows the H&S functions and key line management positions which have H&S responsibilities.
The following information must be provided: • The estimated number of Employees to be working on the Site • The expected number of Subcontractors to be appointed (if any) • The competency requirements for the legal appointments (further information on competencies can be provided on request) • H&S staff’s roles, responsibilities and authorities.
The following positions will have specific roles & responsibilities: • Project Director • Project Manager • Construction Manager – full time on Site and in his absence, an alternate must be appointed. The Construction Manager may not be appointed for any other site • Assistant Construction Manager • Construction Supervisor • Construction Employees and Subcontractors • Project H&S Manager • Project H&S Officer • First Aid Attendants • Firefighting personnel • H&S Representatives • Machinery Competent Person (GMR 2) • Subcontractors and Suppliers • Other specific competent persons and appointees under the OHS Act.
These appointments must be in writing and clearly state the complete duties, responsibilities and authorities that each appointtee hold as well as the duration (i.e. until end of contract). Each Contractor shall appoint a Responsible Person who accepts responsibility for the safety of all personnel on Site within the areas affected by his work. The name of the Responsible Person shall be identified in the Written Agreement. He shall perform the following tasks: • Report to the SKA Site Safety Representative when starting work on Site for the first, signing the Written Agreement • Ensure that his personnel adhere to the requirements of the SKA Health, Safety & Environmental Management Plan [AD6] and the instructions contained within this document and the OHS Act; • Identify his work area and demarcate it • Take all steps necessary to ensure that the work being performed does not endanger lives or expensive equipment • Maintain a register of personnel on Site that are under his control • Response to all reasonable requests made by the SKA Representative.
Copies of signed appointment letters must be provided in the H&S file. Competencies must be included. Any changes of appointees or appointments must be communicated to the appointed competent person and agreed upon before being implemented or changed. All Temporary works designers will be professionally registered engineers/equivalent. Excavation competent persons will have a qualification in the geotechnical field. Page 56 of 239
8.1.3.2 Minimum Requirements in terms of Construction Regulations [AD12]
Table 7 provides a list of minimum requirements in terms of the South African Construction Regulations (this list is not exhaustive):
Table 7: List of Minimum Requirements Appointment description Appointment required in terms of: Assistant Construction Manager Construction Regulation 8(2) Explosives Manager / competent person Explosives Regulation 12 and Construction Regulation 13(2)(k) Bulk mixing plant competent person Construction Regulation 20(1) Bulk mixing plant operator Construction Regulation 20(2) Blasting Supervisor Explosives Regulation 12 and Construction Regulation 13(2)(k) Confined spaces competent person General Safety Regulation 5(1) Construction Manager Construction Regulation 8(1) Construction vehicle, mobile plant competent Construction Regulation 23(1)(d) person (operator) Construction Welfare Facilities Supervisor (Camp Construction Regulation 30 Manager) Construction Work Supervisor Construction Regulation 8(7) Temporary electrical installation competent person Construction Regulation 24(c) Electrical machinery operator (including portable Construction Regulation 24(e) electrical tools) Excavation competent person Construction Regulation 13(1)(a) Fall protection competent person Construction Regulation 10(1)(a) First-aiders – one per team General Safety Regulation 3(4) Fire equipment competent person – one per team Construction Regulation 29(h) Hazardous chemical substances Supervisor Construction Regulation 25 Housekeeping Supervisor Construction Regulation 27 Incident investigator General Administrative Regulation 9(2) Ladder inspector General Safety Regulation 13(a) Lifting Supervisor / Rigger / Master rigger Driven Machinery Regulations Lifting tackle competent person (inspector) Driven Machinery Regulation 18(10)(e) Occupational H&S Committee OHS Act Section 19(3) Occupational H&S Officer Construction Regulation 8(5) Occupational H&S representatives OHS Act Section 17(1) Machinery competent person General Machinery Regulation 2(1) Risk assessor Construction Regulation 9(1) Scaffolding competent person Construction Regulation 16(1) Scaffolding inspector Construction Regulation 16 Scaffolding erector Construction Regulation 16 Stacking and storage competent person Construction Regulation 28(a) Assistant construction work Supervisor Construction Regulation 8(8) Suspended platform competent person Construction Regulation 17(1) (Supervision) Suspended platform inspector (performance test & Construction Regulation 17(8)(c) 3 monthly test) Temporary works designer Construction Regulation 12(1) Temporary works person (supervision) Construction Regulation 12(2) Tower crane operator Construction Regulation 22(e)
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8.1.3.3 Authority to Stop Work
All project personnel have the authority to place H&S considerations above other priorities. This extends to the authority of not doing something, unless it can be done safely, without posing risk to themselves, others or the environment.
This authority must be communicated to all project personnel at project inductions and regularly enforced during group gatherings, toolbox talks and pre-start meetings. The Contractor must provide proof in his induction content that this authority is addressed.
Everyone has the right to complete an Incident Report, identifying any activity that they consider unsafe. The incident reports are sent to SARAO as the owner of the Site and the SKAO who is responsible for construction to ensure that the appropriate action is taken.
8.1.4 H&S Performance Measurement
All Contractors will need to comply with the H&S Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) defined in the SKA Health, Safety and Environmental Management Plan [AD6].
8.1.5 H&S Communication and Consultation
8.1.5.1 External H&S Communication
External communication is any communication across the boundaries of the project. These include, but are not limited to: • To and from the SKAO or SARAO • To an from any regulatory authorities • To and from parent organisations.
The Principal or Tier 1 Contractor H&S Manager is responsible for establishing, maintaining and providing the initial contact point for communication and reporting requirements with external agencies such as inspectorate and emergency services.
Communication between the project and the parent organisations will consist of, but not limited to: • Safety Alerts • H&S reporting • Incident notification • General advice 8.1.5.2 Internal Communication
The communication of H&S matters via the Principal or Tier 1 Contractor’s Construction Manager and the SKA Project Manager. The Construction Manager will ensure that appropriate and consultation processes are established and maintained to facilitate effective consultative mechanisms involving workers, Contractors, staff and H&S representatives.
8.1.5.3 Safety Moment
Every formal meeting with 4 or more attendees shall commence with sharing a safety moment. A safety moment is a process whereby H&S information is shared with the group as a constant reminder of the implemented safety culture. Page 58 of 239
8.1.5.4 Disciplinary Actions
Non-conformance with SKA project requirements may result in disciplinary action which may include removal from the project. The following violation categories shall be used: • Minor safety violation: The violation is likely to cause physical harm, or equipment damage • Major safety violation: The violation involves imminent danger to a staff member, others, equipment damage or work stoppage. Incidents involving but not limited to the followign issues shall warrant escalation of the agreed project disciplinary procedures which will be drafte by the Principal or Tier 1 Contractor: • Fatal risks identified on the project • Druge and alcohol abuse at the worksite • Violence • Breaching of isolation and tagging procedures • Tampering / misusing or damaging safety equipment • Speeding • Any breach where a blatant disregard of H&S requirements is demonstrated • Repeat high risk/serious deviations • Horse-play. Instant removal (post investigation) shall apply for a deliberate high-risk action/unsafe behaviour.
Contractors will also be required to have their own disciplinary procedures and shall submit these procedures for review and approval by the appointed competent person.
8.1.5.5 Visible Felt Leadership
A positive safety culture will be a focal point for the successful delivery of the project H&S requirements. It is intended that all Contractors implement and control the correct leadership behaviour that recognises both safet and at-risk behaviours.
8.1.6 Hazard Identification and Risk Management
All Contractors will need to comply with the Hazard Identification and Risk Management process defined in the SKA Health, Safety and Environmental Management Plan [AD6].
As a minimum, Contractors will be required to perform a – 1. Level 1 Baseline Risk Assessment 2. Level 2 Task-specific Risk Assessments 3. Level 3 Continuous Risk Assessments (Daily Safe Task Instruction) 4. Level 4 Issue-based Risk Assessment 5. Level 5 Specialist studies 6. Potential Hazards / Near Miss Reporting 7. Risk Assessment Reviews 8. Construction Vehicle and Mobile Plant Risk Assessments
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8.1.7 Method Statements and Safe Work Procedures
The Contractor shall compile Method Statements accompanied by all relevant risk assessments, Safe Work Procedures and planned task observations. Method Statements and Safe Work Procedures that are not approved during the Health and Safety Plan approval stage, they should be submitted to the Health and Safety Agent for review, 30 days prior to commencement of the activity.
The Principal Contractor shall review the Method Statements and the following persons shall sign off on this document: • Construction Manager • Relevant appointed competent person • H&S Manager.
Method Statements shall be developed for all tasks.
8.1.8 Operational Control
All Contractors will need to comply with the Operations process defined in the SKA Health, Safety and Environmental Management Plan [AD6]. 8.1.9 Incident Management
All incidents and near misses must be reported immediately to the Contractor’s Supervisor and the Principal Contractor’s H&S Manager in particularly if there is: • An actual lost time or medically treated injury • An incident that has obvious potential to be a lost time or medically treated injury • A recordable spill on an unsealed area • State reportable incidents • A major event.
The Supervisor will notify the Construction Manager who will notify the SKA Project Manager and the SKA Site Safety Representative of incidents.
Whilst all reports will be investigated, the level of investigation depends on the severity / potential severity of the incident. The following table describes the severity level and the corresponding investigation level in Table 8.
Table 8: Level of investigation guide Severity / potential severity level of Guide Level of Investigation the Incident Low First Aid Cases 5 Why or similar A spill less than 50 L Medical Treatment Cases Medium Lost Time incidents TapRoot / ICAM or similar A spill between 51-1000 L High Lost time incidents, disabling TapRoot / ICAM or similar A spill above 1000 L injury/illness and fatalities
All incidents will be reported in the project’s incident register in order to draw trends from the information. The register will be the source for statistical monthly reports. The Principal Contractor’s H&S Manager will maintain the register. All Contractors are required to keep their own records and statistics as well. A flow chart detailing the incident investigation process shall be provided as part of the Principal Contractor Health and Safety Management Plan. Page 60 of 239
8.1.9.1 Reporting to Authorities
The following incidents will have to be reported to the regulator: • Fatality • All other incidents as referred to in Section 24 of the OHS Act.
In any case incidents reportable to ther regulator are of a serious nature and should follow the protocol below: (i) Make safe the area immediately to prevent further injury or incident (ii) Paramedics notified if injured parties are involved (iii) Barricade area off to prevent entry or disturbance of incident site (iv) Project / Construction Manager and Project H&S Manager / SKA Site Safety Representative notified (telephone call) followed by written confirmation (v) Preliminary investigation report submitted within 12 hours of occurrence (vi) Completed investigation report submitted within 10 days of occurrence (vii) For all high/critical incidents, a Taproot/ICAM investigation will be conducted (tool that combines both inductive and deductive techniques for systematic investigation of the fixable root causes of problems)
Should any injury require professional medical treatment, the Supervisor in charge shall be required to complete an appropriate accident report to be uploaded to the COIDA (Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act) online system.
8.1.10 Corrective and Preventative Action
Corrective and preventative actions will be triggered by the following activities: • Incidents (short term and long term actions) • Inspections • Audits • Meetings • Risk assessments • Trend analysis.
All action items will be captured and managed in a central action register/deviation register. This register is the responsibility of the Principal Contractor. Progress of actions will be reviewed weekly by the Principal Contractor’s project management team facilitated by their H&S Manager.
Contractors shall develop and communicate criteria for minimum scores to be achieved for audits, and identify consequences should these scores not be managed.
8.1.11 Injury Management
The Principal Contractor shall provide an injury management plan for the project which includes: • First Aid Plan • Response personnel, including paramedics • Equipment, supplies, location for the project • Ambulance / first repsonse vehicle • Communication requirements • Emergency number / process Page 61 of 239
• Escalation process (hospital) • Medical treatment • Contractor emergency response plan which is aligned with the Emergency Response define in Section 8.2 of this document. 8.1.12 Document and Record Management
An appointed competent person shall ensure that records are maintained, are current and are distributed to the SKAO, project personnel, Contractors and other interested parties as required.
All Contractors will need to comply with the Document and Record Management process defined in the SKA Health, Safety and Environmental Management Plan [AD6].
8.1.13 Occupational Health and Related Aspects
8.1.13.1 Pre-Site Access Medical
Contractors shall ensure that all personnel working under their control at the Site have successfully completed a pre-employment medical prior to commencing work on Site. The pre-employment medical shall be conducted by a suitably qualified occupational health practitioner and shall be specific to the nature of the work the individual will undertake and must include: (i) Big-5 drug test (ii) Audiometric testing (iii) Lung function testing (iv) Physical examination (v) Appropriate pre-employment medical questionnaires (vi) Completed Annexure 3 of the Construction Regulations [AD12] in addition to the issued medical fitness certificate.
At the conclusion of a person’s work contract or involvement in terms of the project, an exit medical must be conducted. The cost thereof will be borne by each Contractor.
8.1.13.2 Fitness for Work
All Contractors will implement a fitness for duty programme that addresses the possible effects of the following aspects in relation to safe conduct of work: • General level of personal fitness and/or medical conditions that need to be managed • The consumption of alcohol and illicit drugs • The use of other drugs (prescription, pharmaceutical or illicit) • Fatigue • Stress.
8.1.13.3 Fatigue Management
Contractors shall consider H&S issues in relation to employee/shift handovers when scheduling work shifts and hours of work and shall implement and effective process for the review and approval of all work outside of the framework of the South African Basic Conditions of Employment Act.
Contractors shall perform a fatigue risk assessment on their proposed roster and submit them for review.
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8.1.13.4 Alcohol & Substance Abuse Policy
SARAO (NRF) as the owner of the Site has adopted a rule of zero tolerance to alcohol and substance abuse. Fundamental to this policy is the commitment to respect the privacy and reasonable concerns of all who are required to be tested for substance abuse. SARAO shall ensure that all records, documents and related materials concerning who has been tested, the reasons for testing, and the results of those tests will be held in strictest confidence. All meetings and conversations relating to testing are treated as confidential.
The following provisions will apply in the event that a person is suspected of being under the influence of alcohol or other substance abuse:
(i) All SARAO, SKAO employees, their Contractors and Visitors shall be required to undergo mandatory alcohol testing every time access is being requested to the Site; (ii) No person shall be allowed to enter or remain on SARAO/NRF owned property if they appear to be under the influence of alcohol and/or any other intoxicating substance, other than recognised medication. In the event that the duty SARAO Security Officer at the entrance to a facility suspects than an individual is under the influence of an intoxicating substance upon entry, admission to the premises shall be denied until appropriate testing can be carried out in accordance with this procedure and the person is shown to comply with the prescribed limits. The SARAO and SKAO SHE Manager shall be informed of all testing of SARAO and SKAO employees; (iii) Any person suspected by any staff member to be under the influence of alcohol or any other intoxicating substances while already on SARAO/NRF premises, shall, shall be reported by that staff member to the respect person’s Line Manager, Contractor representative on Site or the Visitor’s Host Employee. The suspected person shall be tested in accordance with this procedure; (iv) Any person involved in a motor vehicle accident shall be required to undergo mandatory alcohol testing and may be required to undergo controlled substance testing: (v) Persons on medication shall be allowed to perform certain duties only if the side effects of such medication do not constitute a threat to the safety of staff members, Visitors and the general public at large.
All tests shall be administered by SARAO Security personnel who have been appropriately trained. Tests for alcohol use shall be conducted by using breath-testing instrument, which measures alcohol concentrations through breath samples. Tests for controlled substances shall be conducted using a biological specimen that is provided at the time of the test.
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Procedure for Alcohol Testing (i) Alcohol testing shall be conducted in two stages: the first stage is an “alcohol indicator” test. A positive result on the “alcohol indicator” test requires that a second stage, breath alcohol test be conducted; (ii) Breath alcohol tests shall be conducted in an area that provides privacy; (iii) The results are to be recorded and signed by both the appointed testing authority and the Employee concerned; (iv) If the concentration level of less than 0.024 mg/ml, the Employee can return to his/her work station and the Line Manager, Contractor or Host Employee shall be informed of the outcome to ensure that safety provisions are adhered to; (v) The SARAO and SKAO Head: Human Resources and the Line Manager will be notified by the appointed testing authority whenever an employee fails a test. Similarly, Contractors and Host Employees will be notified in the case where a test is failed; (vi) Test results shall be filed in a confidential manner; (vii) Employees who record 0.024 mg/ml on the blood alcohol test or above, the Employee shall immediately cease all work until he/she has passed another test. Employees may be subject to a formal disciplinary process on a case-by-case basis following the required organisational policies.
Procedure for Controlled Substance testing
Tests for controlled substances are conducted by using biological specimens that is provided at the time of the test. A spit specimen will be taken by an appointed medical professional, when required. (i) Tests will be conducted in an area that provides privacy; (ii) The spit specimen shall be shipped by the appointed medical professional to a certified laboraty within 24 hours of the specimen being taken, and shall ensure that the appropriate and secure storage of the remaining speciment for no less than 30 days before appropriate disposal; (iii) The laboraty conducts the appropriate tests and reports results to SARAO, the SKAO or its Contractors. The employee providing the test sample shall be placed on suspension from work pending the results of the laboratory testing, unless otherwise agreed between the SARAO and SKAO SHE team; (iv) Test results are to be filed in a confidential manner; (v) In the event where an Employee tests positive for a controlled substance, the Employee shall be advised by the appointed medical professional that he or she has failed the test; (vi) The Head of HR (SARAO or SKAO), Contractor representatives on Site or Visitors Host Employees will be notified by the appointed medical professional that the Employee has failed the test (but not of the results) and the Head of HR, Contractor representative on Site or Visitors Host Employees notify the respective Managing Director / Director General of the organisation that the Employee represents; (vii) The Employee shall be immediately removed from safety-sensitive functions; (viii) The appointed medical professional shall advise the Employee of available treatment programmes for substance abuse; (ix) An Employee has 72 hours to request that the spit specimen be sent to another laboratory for a second opinion; (x) The Employee may be subject to a formal disciplinary process on a case-by-case basis following the relevant organisational policies.
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Refusal to undertake Testing:
Employees who refuse to be tested when required to do so shall be deemed to have committed a serious offence and shall be removed from their duties immediately and will be subject to disciplinary action. The following conditions or circumstances shall constitute a refusal to submit to testing:
Failure to: (i) Appear for a test without a management deferral (ii) Provide adequate breath for testing without a valid medical explanation (iii) Remain available for post-accident testing (iv) Provide adequate urine for testing without a valid medical explanation (v) Co-operate during the testing process (vi) Sign the alcohol testing form when requested to do so.
8.1.13.5 Occupational Hygiene
Contractors shall ensure that adequate procedures and controls are in place to manage Employees exposure to known atmospheric contaminants in the occupational environment as described in statute legislation.
Contractors shall document and implement a process to ensure: • Initial assessment of potential exposure by conducting a risk assessment on all potentially hazardous substances in accordane with Hazardous Chemical Substances 5; • Hygiene monitoring is conducted to confirm or otherwise the presence of contaminants, or other agents that may affect the H&S personnel and where identified, implement an ongoing monitoring programme; • Personnel are not exposed to a substance or mixture in a concentration that exceeds the exposure standard defined by legislation; • Thes results of health monitoring are provided to those to which they relate; • Records of health monitoring conducted are maintained in compliance with legislative requirements.
8.1.13.6 Personal Hygiene
Contractors shall ensure that personnel under their control maintain high standards of hygiene, cleanliness and waste removal in connection with the performance of their work and ensure: • All work areas are maintained in a clean and tidy state and waste materials are promptly and appropriately disposed of • Adequate toilet and ablution facilities are provided in accordance with legislative requirements and ensure that personnel have ready access to such facilities.
Persons in control of the Construction Contractor Camps shall develop procedures to ensure camp accommodation, facilities and meal rooms are kept in a clean and tidy manner, to the requirements and satisfaction of any legislative requirements.
8.1.13.7 Traffic Management
All SARAO and SKAO staff and their Contractors will comply with these rules and the Road Traffic Act, Act No 29 of 1989 [AD13]. These rules apply to all ground transportation between urban areas and the Site and on Site.
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The Site is surrounded by privately owned property where livestock farming is undertaken. The security and protection of the farmers’ livestock and lifestyle is of primary importance to both the project and the farming community. Boundary fencing will be erected to avoid trespassing.
One of the management outcomes of the IEMP [AD8] is for Contractors to develop a Traffic Management Plan (TMP) for construction. TMPs will be required for the following Contracts: (i) Dish Contract (ii) Infrastructure Contract/s.
The TMPs must be approved by a Traffic Engineer and submitted to the SKAO prior to the commencement of construction. The TMPs will include: (i) Risk Identification and Assessment of Contractor activities related to Traffic Management (transport, vehicles, etc.) (ii) Identification and application for all permits required (particularly on National and Provincial Roads for abnormal loads); (iii) Site Assessment (iv) Emergency Planning (v) Communication (vi) Roles & Responsibilities related to Traffic Management; (vii) Implementation Plans (viii) Monitoring, Auditing, Reporting compliance (ix) Management Review
8.1.13.7.1 Driver’s License All Employees, Visitors and Contractors must be in possession of a valid driver’s license, recognised by the South African Traffic Authority and appropriate for the code of vehicle being driven in order to drive a vehicle owned, leased or hired.
A Public Drivers Permit (PrDP) applies to the following motor vehicle categories:
• a goods vehicle with a gross vehicle mass exceeding 3 500kg • a breakdown vehicle or a bus • a minibus weighing more than 3 500kg or designed to carry 12 or more people (the driver included) • a motor vehicle designed to carry 12 or more people • any vehicle for which an operating licence is issued • dangerous goods vehicle (e.g. fuel tanker).
Age restrictions for the motor vehicle categories are as follows:
• 18 years or older to hold a PrDP for a goods vehicle • 21 years or older to hold a PrDP for a passenger vehicle • 25 years or older to hold a PrDP for a dangerous goods vehicle.
8.1.13.7.2 Traffic regulations The Road Traffic Act No. 29 of 1989 [AD13], as amended, and any applicable regulations applicable to users of the road, shall be strictly observed at all times. Any contravention of these regulations will result in traffic citations which will be for the account of the designated driver. Page 66 of 239
8.1.13.7.3 Speed limits Table 9 indicates the speed limits which must be adhered to on the Site. Contractors must abide by these rules. Speed enforcement will be undertaken by provincial traffic authorities on provincial and national roads and Site staff on Site.
Table 9: Speed Limits Site Speed Limit Transgression 1st Offence 2nd Offence 3rd Offence Provincial and 60-120km 10-20% over Oral Warning Final Written Removal from National Roads Warning & Fine Site of R5000 21-39% over Final Written Removal from Warning & Fine Site of R5000 40%+ over Removal from Site Tarred 80km 10-20% over Oral Warning Final Written Removal from provincial road Warning & Fine Site to Site (between of R5000 Klerefontein & 21-39% over Final Written Removal from Meys Dam Warning & Fine Site security gate) of R5000 40%+ over Removal from Site Tarred road 60km 61-69km Oral Warning Final Written Removal from between Meys Warning & Fine Site Dam security of R5000 gate and SKA 70-89km Final Written Removal from Site Complex Warning & Fine Site security gate of R5000 90km & above Removal from Site All on site roads 40km 41-49km Oral Warning Final Written Removal from (including spiral Warning & Fine Site arms) of R5000 50-59km Final Written Removal from Warning & Fine Site of R5000 60km & above Removal from Site
8.1.13.7.4 Due Care (i) Due to the enhanced hazards associated with animal activity and reduced visibility of poor road conditions at night, night driving should be avoided unless absolutely necessary. In such eventualities where night driving is necessary, drivers should exercise extreme caution and reduce speeds accordingly. (ii) Drivers must take regular breaks on long journeys. Driver fatigue is one of the most common causes of road traffic accidents. Staff are encouraged to rotate driver responsibilities on long journeys. (iii) Courtesy and thoughtfulness towards fellow road users is compulsory. (iv) It is a disciplinary offence to drive under the influence of alcohol, prescription drugs or and central nervous system depressants. (v) Use of seat belts is required for all persons occupying the vehicle. It is the driver's responsibility to ensure that all persons are properly secured before the vehicle is put in motion.
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(vi) Contractors shall not permit private vehicles to drive on Site without the necessary approval to do so. Driving over the kerbstones that define the keep-out zones around the antennas and on the all-weather landing strip is prohibited; (vii) All vehicles shall use diesel fuel on Site. All bluetooth devices in vehicles must be disabled prior to arrival on Site; (viii) Vehicles shall be able to travel safely under a 22kV & 33kV power line suspended 6.4m above the road surface, with no modification to the vehicle; (ix) Transport of Employees on the back of open vehicles is prohibited. A safe operating procedure regarding transport of Employees will be implemented which include a permit for public transport; (x) It is a pre-requisite for two or more people travel together especially on long distance trips (greater than 200km) to the Site; (XI) It must be noted that designated drivers will be responsible for all traffic citations while the vehicle was in their possession; (x) Designated drivers are responsible for the use of vehicle and must ensure that the vehicle is never over-loaded and that the Load being carried is securely contained within the vehicle; (xi) The carrying capacity (PAYLOAD) of the vehicle can be calculated by subtracting the tar weight of the vehicle (T) from the legal permissible mass (V). The (T) and (V) will be on the manufacturer’s data plate in the cab of the vehicle or on the weight plate on the left hand side of the vehicle.
8.1.13.7.5 Vehicle Accidents The following procedure shall be followed in the event of a vehicle accident en-route to Site or on Site:
(i) Report the accident to the South African Police Service (SAPS). The designated driver can use his/her discretion as to whether to call the police to the scene or drive to the nearest police station; (ii) If there is a serious accident, the vehicle should not be moved before the police arrive on the scene; (iii) The designated driver must provide company details, the details of the driver and the vehicle to the police or parties to an accident; (iv) Should a driver of a vehicle involved in an accident be suspected of being under the influence of alcohol or narcotic drugs, this fact should be brought to the attention of the police at the scene (v) If the designated driver or passengers are in a position to do so, the following details should be note regarding other vehicles involved in the accident: • The registration number, make and model of the other vehicle(s); • Name and address of driver(s) and owner(s) of the other vehicle(s); • Nature and extent of damages sustained by the other vehicle(s) in this particular accident only; • Name, address and estimated age of any pedestrian(s) involved in the accident and of any person(s) killed or injured as well as the nature and extent of injuries; • Name and address of each witness, including the occupants of the other vehicle(s) involved; • Measurements for the preparation of a sketch of the scene of the accident. (vi) The designated driver must notify his Employer immediately and notify the SARAO and SKAO Site Managers respectively; (vii) The designated driver of the vehicle involved in the accident shall without delay:- • make a suitable endorsement in the logbook; • complete a written report to the relevant appointed person in charge of vehicles containing the following:- • statement by the driver of Company’s vehicle; • police reference number; • Witnesses’ statements. (viii) If necessary, a towing service may be employed to remove vehicle.
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8.1.13.8 Smoking
SARAO, SKAO and its Contractors shall not permit smoking at the Site except within designated areas selected in accordance with applicable laws, regulations, policies, hazards present at the Site and any direction given by SARAO, the SKAO and the Principal Contractor.
8.1.14 H&S Audits, Inspections and Other Interactions
8.1.14.1 Planned H&S Inspections and Audits
Inspections and audits required on the site are:
• Informal daily site inspections. • Formal site inspections. • Principal Contractor self-audits. • H&S Agent Audits. • Contractor Audits. • Safety Interactions. Inspections and audits will cover but not be limited to plant and equipment, work methods, tools used, storage facilities and maintenance activities, housekeeping, access & egress, contingency systems, competencies of staff, PPE, behaviour, risk assessment and safe work procedure reviews etc. Formal site inspections and audits shall be planned, scheduled and executed accordingly. All information regarding the deviation, the rectification and remedial actions resulting from inspections and audits shall be captured on a Deviation Register for tracking and close-out. The Principal Contractor is responsible for the project’s Deviation Register and will require from Contractors’ H&S personnel to provide or capture the necessary information accordingly. Table 10 provides an overview of the Monitoring Plan, responsibilities and frequency.
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Table 10: Monitoring Plan
start - by Daily monthly Three - Pre Weekly Monthly Monthly 6 Conducted Construction
Contractor’s Site Principal X X Inspection: Contractor Construction Contractors Manager/ Assistant Construction Manager, Safety Representatives and H&S personal
Engineer Inspections: Principal X X Project Manager, Contractors Inspectors, H&S staff
Safety Interactions: Principal X Management, Middle Contractor Management, Contractors Supervisors, H&S staff
Contractor Procedures X Audit: Contractor Safety Advisor
Contractor H&S X X Management Systems Yearly Audit: Contractor Safety Advisor
RA and SWP Reviews Principal X X Construction Contractor According According Supervisors and H&S Contractors to to personnel schedule schedule
H&S Agent Audits Agent X
Contractor Audits: Principal X H&S personnel Contractor
Planned Task Principal X Observations (PTO) Contractor According Contractor to schedule
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8.1.14.2 Planned Task Observations (PTOs)
The Principal Contractor shall have a schedule for conducting Planned Task Observations (PTO’s) to be done by the Construction Manager, Assistant Construction Managers, Construction Supervisors, specific Competent Persons appointed and H&S personnel. Where necessary this will also cover Contractors’ work. Conducting PTO’s must be covered in the project’s induction (purpose etc.), but a separate training schedule must be held for the relevant person who will conduct PTO’s. The format of a PTO must follow the same detailed headings / aspects of the respective task’s risk assessment and safe work procedure. Therefore, no generic PTO’s will be allowed. 8.1.14.3 H&S Issues raised through Audits, Inspections and Other Interactions
H&S issues identified through workplace inspections and audits will be addressed immediately on Site where possible or work stopped where the situation is life-threatening. Where deviations are observed a safety interaction with the individual(s) must be held in order to determine the reason for the deviation and to change behaviour. All H&S deviations must be captured on a project Deviation Register even if closed out on site for the purpose of trend analyses. The Principal Contractor is responsible to maintain the Deviation Register and must identify trends from repeat deviations and implement the necessary interventions. The minimum headings to be included in the Deviation Register are: area, Construction Supervisor’s name, Assistant Construction Supervisor’s name, relevant Contractor, potential incident category (equipment damage or MTI etc.), work stopped or not, risk type (origin of the risk e.g. procedure not followed or unsafe act etc.), responsible person, dates, close-out / status. 8.1.14.4 Independent Audits
The Principal Contractor will conduct a yearly independent audit on his Health and Safety Management Plan and the application thereof on the project. 8.1.14.5 Reporting
The Principal Contractor’s H&S Manager shall report project statistics including the leading indicators on a regular basis. See also Leading Indicators. The following items listed in Table 11 shall be maintained and reported weekly on a Monday by the Principal Contractor, for the previous week. The information will include those of the Contractors.
Table 11: Weekly Statistics reporting
General Lag Indicators Lead Indicators
Staffing levels Equipment / plant damage incidents Number of safety interactions completed
Hours worked First aid injuries Trends from DSTI’s & inspections
Medical treatment injury (MTI) New RA / SWP’s developed
Restricted work injury (RWI) RA / SWP’s reviewed
Lost time injuries (LTI) Near misses reported
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Environmental incidents Number of PTO’s conducted
Fitness for work testing results (alcohol)
Number of VFL’s conducted
The following items listed in Table 12 shall be maintained and reported monthly by the Principal Contractor, on the 5th working day of each month. The information will include those of the Contractors.
Table 12: Monthly Statistics Reporting
General Lag Indicators Lead Indicators
Staffing levels Equipment/plant damage incidents Number of safety interactions completed
Hours worked First aid injuries Trends from DSTI’s & inspections
Medical treatment injury (MTI) New RA / SWP’s developed
Restricted work injury (RWI) RA / SWP’s reviewed
Lost time injuries (LTI) Near misses reported
Environmental incidents Number of PTO’s conducted
Fitness for work testing results (alcohol)
Number of VFL’s conducted
Audit results (self-audit and Contractors’)
Updated training needs analysis
Status and results from documentation reviews
Toolbox Talks conducted
H&S Committee meetings
Deviation register status
Repeat significant deviations
Repeat significant incidents
Suggestions / initiative schemes
Delays in submission of monthly reports can result in delay of payment. See also H&S targets and key performance indicators.
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8.1.15 Training & Competency
8.1.15.1 Training Needs & Analysis
The Principal Contractor and each of the Contractors will complete a training needs analysis (TNA) and skills matrix of their professional staff, trades and other Employees who will be involved in the project. All Contractors are required to make their TNA available to the appointed competent person for audit and inspection purposes as required. Further employee training needs may be determined in accordance with an individual’s changed responsibilities, changed duties or changed location. The type of training (which will form part of the TNA) includes, but will not be limited to, the following:
• Contractor specific induction. • Scaffolding erection and safe working at heights including harness fitting and fall resistant systems (all personnel required to work at height) – accredited training.
• Waste management training module (all Employees). • Environmental management (basic). • Manual handling training (all Employees). • Equipment / operator competencies – accredited training. • Emergency response training. • Leadership training. • Advanced and off-road driver training – accredited training. • Skills upgrading and refresher training. • Electrical power tool operation (i.e. Angle grinders) – accredited training. • Workplace procedures and safe operating procedures relevant to the work, e.g. Job start checklists (all Employees).
• Work permits, tagging and isolation procedures. • First aid – accredited • Fire safety awareness use of firefighting equipment (all Employees) – accredited training. • Fitness for work (all Employees). • Hazard identification and hazard awareness (all Employees). • Conducting Daily Safe Task Instruction (DSTI’s) (all Employees). • Conducting PTO’s. • Legal liability (Supervisory and management level) – accredited training. Where SETA accredited training is available, these will be used. Note: The Excavation Competent Person will be required to have a qualification in the geotechnical field.
8.1.15.2 Training & Competency Register
The Principal Contractor and Contractors will maintain a training and competency register (matrix) that will indicate all current information / competencies of all employees. This register is to be made available to
Page 73 of 239 the appointed competent person for audit and inspection purposes as required. Each Èmployee will also have a personal dossier that will contain all relevant information such as:
• Copy of Identity Document/Passport.
• Legal appointment letters with relevant proof of training and or competencies.
• Medical fitness certificate.
• Proof of other relevant training such as site-specific induction according to the TNA.
• Proof of PPE issued. Dossiers will be kept at the site office and will be available at all times. 8.1.15.3 Personnel Selection, Competency and Training
All Contractors shall ensure that all Employees hold current and relevant qualifications for the work they are required to perform and that the records are maintained and available on Site. Competency assessments shall be conducted by all the Contractors where competencies are not evident or where a person only has experience but no formal training / qualifications. The relevant Contractor shall ensure personnel do not commence any task or work until has the SKA Site Safety Representative or appointed competent person reviewed the competency assessments. Where possible all personnel will be trained and verified for competency as per their training needs analysis and competency register (matrix) before mobilisation to Site. 8.1.15.4 Training before Approval to Mobilise to Site
Table 13 identifies the competency, training and other requirements prior a person commencing work on the project. As part of the mobilisation process each Contractor shall comply with the below mandatory requirements for this project and it will form part of the TNA. Competency and awareness requirements for Contractor Employees shall be described in the Contractor’s HSMP. As part of the mobilisation process, the Principal Contractor will submit the qualifications, competencies as well as evidence of the verification of the competencies SKA Site Safety Representative or appointed competent person for acceptance before mobilisation to site can take place. As part of the mobilisation process, each Contractor will submit the qualifications, competencies as well as evidence of the verification of the competencies to the Principal Contractor for acceptance before mobilisation to Site can take place. Once a person is approved to mobilise to site participation in the project induction will be arranged with notification to the relevant Contractor.
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Table 13: Mandatory requirements for mobilisation
Legal Incident Hazard Supervisor Conducting Conducting Project Liability Investigatio Awareness H&S training PTO’s Safety H&S n & Risk less than 5 Interactions Induction Assessment years old skills
Project Y Y Y Y Y Y Manager
Construction Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Manager(s)
Supervisors Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
Product Y Y Y Y Designer
H&S Y Y Y Y Y Y personnel
Everybody Y Y Y (including the SKAO)
Records pertaining to the qualifications of any person mobilised on the project will be contained in his / her personal dossier and shall be made available to the SKA Site Safety Representative or appointed competent person on request. The records shall be readily accessible. 8.2 Disaster Management and Emergency Response
8.2.1 Legal Framework
The NRF is the overarching legal entity administering the SKA in South Africa and is the owner of the Site. In terms of Section 25 (1) of the Disaster Management Act (No 57 of 2002 as amended) (DMA), the NRF, including SARAO, is responsible for the collation and management of a Disaster Management Plan (DMP) for South Africa’s activities in the SKA.
A Level 1 Disaster Risk Management Plan applies to national or provincial organs of state or municipal entities that have not previously developed a coherent DMP. It focuses primarily on establishing foundation institutional arrangements for DRM, putting in place contingency plans for responding to known priority risks as identified in the initial stage of a Disaster Risk Assessment (DRA), identifying key stakeholders, and developing the capability to generate a level 2 plan.
The purpose of the SKA DMP is to document the institutional arrangements for disaster risk management planning, which includes the assignment of primary and secondary responsibilities for priority disaster risks posing a threat to the Site. It further provides the broad framework within which the disaster risk management planning requirements of the DMA will be implemented by relevant departments and other entities included in the organisational structure of the SARAO and the SKAO.
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It establishes the operational procedures for disaster risk reduction planning as well as the emergency procedures to be implemented in the event of a disaster occurring or threatening to occur in the SKA area. It aims to facilitate an integrated and coordinated approach to disaster risk management, ensuring the SARAO and the SKAO achieves its vision for disaster risk management, which is to enhance resilience and self-reliance, and develop adequate capabilities for readiness; and effective and rapid, response and recovery.
SARAO must submit a copy of its disaster management plan, and of any amendment to the plan, to the Pixley ka Seme and Namakwa District Municipal Disaster Management Centres and the Northern Cape Provincial Disaster Management Centre (PDMC).
The responsibility for the implementation of the plan is that of the SARAO Site Manager or his appointed deputy.
8.2.2 Disaster Management Risk Assessment Area and Plan
For the purposes of the Disaster Risk Assessment and implementation of the Disaster Management Plan, the Site has been divided into 3 sections as indicated in Figure 22: 1. SKA Site Complex (National Key Point); 2. NRF-owned land (National Park); 3. 3 SKA Spiral Arms
Figure 22: Disaster Management Area – SKA Locality Map
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8.2.3 Hazard Classification
It is important to be aware of all possible disasters, and the hazards that cause them within the SKA area. Table 14 below provides a classification of hazards, utilised during the DRA process and referenced in the risk reduction planning process.
Table 14: Hazard Classification Type of hazard Examples
Natural hazards
− Geological Landslides, rockslides, liquefaction, subsidence
− Biological Epidemic diseases affecting people or livestock, veld fires, plant infestations
− Hydro-meteorological Floods, debris flows, tropical cyclones, storm surges, severe storms, drought, desertification
Technological hazards Industrial pollution, nuclear activities, toxic waste, dam failure, transport accidents
Environmental hazards Environmental degradation Land degradation, deforestation, loss of biodiversity
Socio-economic hazards Crime, civil unrest, war
8.2.4 Organisational Requirements
8.2.4.1 Disaster Management Planning Committee (DMPC)
An integrated Disaster Management Planning Committee (DMPC) is in the process of being established by SARAO in order to ensure the following objectives are met:
• Establish integrated institutional capacity within the SKA area to enable the effective implementation of disaster management policy and legislation; • Establish a uniform approach to assessing and monitoring disaster risks that will inform disaster risk management planning and disaster risk reduction undertaken by SARAO, the SKAO and other role-players; • Develop and implement integrated disaster management plans and risk reduction programmes in accordance with approved frameworks; and • Ensure effective and appropriate disaster response and recovery.
The DMPC will plan to maintain existing services and to adapt to deal with the changed circumstances during major incidents or disasters. The planning, prevention and response management structure for SKA is detailed in Figure 23.
The primary objective of the structure must be to achieve disaster prevention and risk elimination in the day-to-day activities of the SKA. Its second objective is to ensure effective risk reduction through disaster preparedness and risk mitigation.
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The SKA DMPC is responsible for reviewing the SKA DMP on an annual basis, and for making recommendations for changes that are considered appropriate, including the verification of the required supporting documents, resources, training, and facilities to ensure that the plan is maintained.
The SKA DMPC is also responsible for assigning project teams to address specific risks and develop risk- specific plans.
The SKA DMPC must promote inter-departmental cooperation and coordination between internal and external SKA stakeholders, and will comprise the following:
INTERNAL TO SARAO:
• Site Manager (Chairperson); • Health and Safety Officer; • Security Officer; • Environmental Officer; • Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) Manager (or their designate); • Fire Marshall; • First Aid Marshall; • Flooding Marshall; • SARAO Technical Team; • SANParks; and • Stakeholder Manager.
EXTERNAL TO SARAO:
• Disaster Risk Management Representatives (Provincial, District and Local Municipalities); • SAPS; • District and Municipal Fire Services; • Provincial Traffic; • Municipal Traffic; • Emergency Medical Services (EMS); • South African Weather Services (SAWS); • Eskom; and • External Contractors and Service Providers.
In order for the DMPC to perform its tasks effectively, it must ensure that the following disaster management requirements are met: (i) Risk reduction phase (ii) Disaster Preparedness phase (iii) During anf emergency or disaster (iv) Recovery and rehabilitation phase
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Figure 23: SKA Disaster Management Structure
8.2.4.2 Emergency Management Team (EMT)
The EMT is responsible for ensuring that the organisation is adequately prepared to respond to an incident, emergency or disaster.
Figure 24 details the composition of the EMT during an emergency situation, which may vary according to the nature of the occurrence.
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Figure 24: SARAO Emergency Management Team Structure
The Emergency Management Team (EMT) are responsible for assessing, evaluating and coordinating all actions in all phases of an incident. Each department or section will be responsible for its own functions, while the EMT will ensure coordination and support between departments or sections and external bodies.
The primary functions of the EMT are to: • Provide oversight and direction to SKA disaster preparedness activities; • Develop disaster response and recovery plans, policies and programmes; • Provide support to the incident manager during an emergency; and • Assist with the staffing and management of the Emergency Control Centre (ECC).
During activation in any response and relief operation, the EMT must perform the following functions: • Liaise closely with the Local Municipal DMCs; • Maintain records of communications, decisions, actions and expenditures; • Designate emergency area(s) and sites; • Decide on emergency measures and priorities; • Assess impact; • Request emergency partner assistance / invoke mutual aid agreements; • Issue public warnings, orders and instructions; • Protect the health and safety of emergency responders; • Prepare lists of fatalities, casualties and missing persons; • Prepare lists of destroyed and damaged infrastructure and services; • Co-ordinate response with external role-players; • Co-ordinate response with neighbourhood and community organisations; • Identify persons/organisations to contribute to emergency response; • Provide information to the media for dissemination to the affected external stakeholders and the general public; • Co-ordinate information for public release with emergency partners’ communications staff; • Respond to inquiries from the media / public; • Identify target audiences for post-emergency communication; • Identify persons/organisations to contribute to post-emergency reports/debriefings; and • Submit information for payment of invoices.
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The EMT is convened and chaired by the SARAO Site Manager or his/her appointed deputy at the identified facility or if necessary, a suitable facility which is appropriately removed from any direct hazard or risk.
8.2.4.3 Risk Reduction Project Teams
Multi-disciplinary project teams can be established by the SKA DMPC, according to the needs identified to prevent or mitigate priority risks identified in the Central Processing Facility (data rack area), or during the post-disaster recovery and rehabilitation phase. The SKA Risk Reduction Project Teams will be convened by the primary role-players for the identified risks and supported by the DMPC. The project teams will determine their own terms of reference and deliverables in consultation with the DMPC, and will be responsible for planning, managing, completing, monitoring and evaluating integrated and multi- disciplinary projects.
The DMPC will ensure that project teams are convened and maintained to address risk-specific disaster management plans, such as plans for flooding, oil spills and other transport risks etc. The input of specialist advisers in the various fields must be encouraged and obtained on an ongoing basis.
In the recovery and rehabilitation phase, these project teams will take over responsibility for recovery and rehabilitation from the EMT once the EMT has been effectively demobilised and/or in cases where recovery and rehabilitation is expected to take place over an extended period. 8.2.5 SKA Emergency Control Centre (ECC) & Incident Reporting Process
For the purpose of the emergency planning, co-ordination and response, an Emergency Control Centre (ECC) is identified where space is provided and equipment is available for emergency coordination and management. In this facility, planning, co-ordination and directing of actions can be implemented and communicated before, during and after an emergency.
The fact that the SKA Site Complex is proclaimed a National Key Point, a 24 hour presence on Site is required for emergency response purposes. Tthe ECC will provide 24 hour emergency and essential services contact points to various internal and external role-players / departments within and surrounding the Site. The Centre is responsible for day-to-day emergency response by relevant SARAO Divisions and for the establishment of strategic communication links. Once activated, the ECC will liaise closely with ECCs, DMCs and other structures / groups of the local and district municipalities, as well as at the provincial level.
Note: Although a 24 hour presence on Site is required, the ECC is not required to be activated and manned on a 24 hour basis, instead, it is recommended that security onsite (which is required to be present on a 24 hour basis) serve as a contact point in case of emergency, and be responsible for notifying the SARAO Site Manager where the activation of the ECC and associated emergency response procedure is deemed necessary.
The ECC should serve as a central data repository, ensuring the collection, storage, maintenance and dissemination of all information relevant to disaster management.
The ECC should also be equipped to serve as a command and coordination centre during disasters, where the EMT and other response teams will convene. Alternative facilities should be identified as back-up to the primary centre should it be required.
The EMT shall be convened when an emergency has occurred or is likely to occur, in accordance with the following:
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Where the size or seriousness of the emergency seems beyond the capability of a department/service, in the opinion of the most senior on-duty official of that service, the SARAO Site Manager in conjunction with the SKAO Site Manager can activate ECC and the EMT: • Where the Site Manager is of the opinion that it is necessary to activate the EMT in order to effectively manage an emergency, which has occurred or is likely to occur, the ECC must be activated; and • The EMT will evaluate the situation and advise the relevant Local Municipal DMCs regarding the emergency occurring, or threatening to occur, as well as the continued activation or demobilisation of the EMT.
An emergency alarm with a glass break panel is mounted at the KAT 7 Container Shed located at the SKA Site Complex. This alarm will be triggered by the SARAO Site Manager or his delegated representative in the case of an emergency to notify all staff and Contractors. The muster point is outside the SKA Site Complex (Figure 25).
Alarm
Muster Point
Figure 25: Location of Emergency Alarm at SKA Site Complex and Muster Point
Ongoing capacity building programmes will be required to ensure the availability of adequate capacity for disaster preparedness and response.
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Figure 26: Location of Emergency Control Centre – Meysdam farmhouse
The SKA ECC is situated at the Meysdam farmhouse (Figure 28). The facility is central, accessible and easily activated at any time. The farmhouse has a VSAT for emergency communication and a back-up generator in the case where there is a Site power outage. Should there be a catastrophic incident on Site; the SARAO Site Manager’s office at the Klerefontein Support Base will be used as the ECC. Figure 26 provides process guideline for the SKA for incident management purposes.
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Figure 27: A process guideline for the SKA for incident management purposes
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The following sequence of response actions will be activated when an incident occurs:
1) Incident Response Level One When the primary agency from the emergency services and/or the essential services operating in the area arrives on the scene they provide the initial response using their own organisational internal resources.
2) Incident Response Level Two A response level two applies in a situation where the magnitude and impact of the incident has evolved to such an extent that the situation demands resources or measures from services/organisations (support agencies) other than the primary agency.
3) Incident Response Level Three A response level three applies in a situation where the magnitude exceeds available capacity and resources and spans across jurisdictional and/or legislative boundaries.
4) Incident Response Level Four A response level four applies in a situation where the engagement of resources from outside jurisdictional boundaries is required and additional power invoked to deal effectively with the situation.
8.2.6 Classification of Levels of Disaster
The following procedures are followed for the classification, and subsequent declaration of a disaster.
8.2.6.1 Classification of a local state of disaster
When a disastrous event occurs, or is threatening to occur, within a municipal jurisdiction in which the SKA is located, the District DMC in consultation with municipal council will determine whether or not the event falls within the definition of a disaster in terms of the DMA, and, if so, the Head of the Centre will immediately: • initiate efforts to assess the magnitude and severity or potential magnitude and severity of the disaster; • alert disaster management role-players in the municipal area that may be of assistance in the circumstances; • initiate the implementation of the disaster response plan or any contingency plans and emergency procedures that may be applicable in the circumstances; and • inform the NDMC and the Northern Cape Provincial Disaster Management Committee (PDMC) of the disaster and its initial assessment of the magnitude and severity or potential magnitude and severity of the disaster.
Once the NDMC and the Northern Cape PDMC have been informed, the Municipal DMC may make recommendations regarding the classification of the disaster as may be appropriate.
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8.2.6.2 Declaration of a local state of disaster
In the event of a local disaster the Municipal Manager may by notice in the provincial gazette declare a local state of disaster if existing legislation and contingency arrangements do not adequately provide for the municipality to deal effectively with the disaster; or other special circumstances warrant the declaration of a local state of disaster.
If a local state of disaster has been declared, the Local Municipality may implement by-laws or issue directives, or authorise the issue of directives to: • Assist and protect the public; • Provide relief to the public; • Prevent or combat disruption; or • Deal with the destructive and other effects of the disaster.
In light of the above processes, the SKA will ensure site-specific disaster plans and procedures are developed and updated in consultation with district and provincial DMCs, taking into consideration both natural and man-made disaster scenarios that could occur within these jurisdictions.
8.2.7 Lines of Communication & Intergovernmental Relations
In terms of the Disaster Management Act (Section 42(1)) [AD14], it is incumbent on Provinces and Districts to establish in its administration a Disaster Management Centre (DMC) for its areas of jurisdiction. Lines of communication and the relationship between the various disaster management structures of the different spheres of government are illustrated in Figure 28.
Figure 28: Lines of Communication
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Figure 29: Disaster Management Structure in South Africa
8.2.8 Disaster Management Reporting Requirements
The following disaster management reporting requirements for the SKA are required: • Risk Reduction progress reports are submitted to the SKA DMPC by the SKA Risk Reduction Project Teams as regularly as agreed upon between the parties; • Working documents and minutes of meetings are distributed to all members of the DMPC and other stakeholders whenever necessary; • Situation reports and post incident reviews are submitted to the DMPC by the EMT following every major incident or emergency; • All role-players / departments with the primary responsibility of managing specific priority risks must submit quarterly reports detailing ongoing risk reduction and response plans and activities; and • The DMP is submitted to the relevant District and Provincial DMCs each year following annual review and updating of the plan.
8.2.9 Risk Quartile Matrix (RQM)
Figures 30 and 31 displays each of the priority risks on a RQM for the SKA Site Complex, 3 spiral arms and the NRF-owned land (National Park), which provides the following information, based on quantification and evaluation of each of the risks: • Hazard index; • Resilience index (vulnerability ÷ capacity); • Priority of the risk (size of the circle); and • The position of the circle on the RQM suggests the recommended risk reduction strategy for the management of the priority risk, which include: o Green zone – tolerate or accept the risk; o Grey zone – treat or reduce the risk; o Amber zone – transfer the risk; and o Red zone – terminate or avoid the risk. Page 87 of 239
© Developed by DMS www.dms-online.co.za (012) 664-3192
Place (Area/Ward/Community): Losberg Site Complex Prepared by: DMS NPC and SKA Date: 2018-09-11
Risk Quartile Matrix Profile 5.0 Flooding
Theft
Structural Fire
4.0 Chemical Spillage
Radio Frequency Interference Sewage Spillage
3.0 Power Failure Resilience
2.0
1.0
0.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Hazard
Figure 30: Risk Quartile Matrix for priority risks identified at the SKA Site Complex
© Developed by DMS www.dms-online.co.za (012) 664-3192
Place (Area/Ward/Community): SKA Telescope Core Prepared by: DMS NPC and SKA Date: 2018-09-11
Risk Quartile Matrix Profile 5.0 Flooding
Theft
Structural Fire
4.0 Subversion and Vandalism
Radio Frequency Interference Road Accidents
3.0 Power Failure
Lightning
Resilience Strong Winds
2.0
1.0
0.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Hazard
Figure 31: Risk Quartile Matrix for priority risks identified on the NRF-owned land and the 3 Spiral Arms
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Based on the placement of the priority risks on the RQM, the following inferences can be made:
SKA Site Complex • Both flooding and structural fire are located in the ‘tolerate’ / ‘green’ zone, indicating that these risks have a low probability of occurrence, and fairly low impact should they occur. However, ongoing monitoring for both risks is necessary to ensure these risk conditions remain low, without increasing over time; • Both chemical spillage and sewage spillage are located on the border between the ‘tolerate’ / ‘green’ and the ‘treat’ / ‘grey’ zone. This indicates that these risks have a low probability of occurrence, and a fairly moderate impact should they occur. In this case, decision-makers could choose to only employ ongoing monitoring measures for both risk types, or put in place additional mitigation measures to further reduce their probability and likely impact; and • Theft, RFI and power failure are located in the ‘treat’ / ‘grey’ zone, indicating that these risks, although have a low probability of occurrence, their level of impact will be moderate to high should they occur. In light of this, it is recommended that additional mitigation measures are put in place to reduce the severity of these risks to a more tolerable level (i.e. mitigate their potential impact should they occur).
NRF-owned land and 3 Spiral Arms • Flooding risk is located in the ‘tolerate’ / ‘green’ zone, indicating that this risk has a low probability of occurrence, and fairly low impact should it occur. However, ongoing monitoring for the risk of flooding is necessary to ensure it remains low, without increasing over time; • Structural fire is located on the border between the ‘tolerate’ / ‘green’ and the ‘treat’ / ‘grey’ zone. This indicates that this risk has a low probability of occurrence, and a fairly moderate impact should it occur. In this case, decision-makers could choose to only employ ongoing monitoring measures for structural fire risk, or put in place additional mitigation measures to further reduce its probability and likely impact; • Road accidents, subversion and vandalism, RFI, power failure, strong winds and lightning are located in the ‘treat’ / ‘grey’ zone, indicating that these risks, although have a low probability of occurrence, their level of impact will be moderate to high should they occur. In light of this, it is recommended that additional mitigation measures are put in place to reduce the severity of these risks to a more tolerable level (i.e. mitigate their potential impact should they occur).
Reference can be made to Annexure A of this document which provides detailed Roles & Responsibilities for Disaster Management and Emergency Response.
Annexure B provides a Contact List for Emergencies.
8.2.10 Contractor Requirements The Principal Contractor is responsible to draft his emergency response plan (ERP) in compliance with the requirements above and it needs to address all potential risks and provide suitable responses to assure well-being of all Employees. The plan must identify, by risk assessment, all potential emergency situations and mitigation strategies associated with potential emergency situations for the project. The Emergency Response Plan (ERP) must include consideration for the following aspects:
• First aid / medical response during an emergency - identify procedures for rescue and response to credible emergencies and adequate equipment and resources for responding to emergencies.
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• Effective communication systems/equipment - Identify procedures for communicating with employees, consultants, Contractors and relevant Authorities in the event of, and during, an emergency (communications matrix). No cell phones will be allowed on site.
• Paramedics - The golden hour principle will apply, and the Principal Contractor must propose the number of paramedics whom will be available to reach remote construction sites within 30 minutes.
• Snake Bite Management – identify procedures regarding snake bite medical responses. Snake handling training to catch and release snakes will be required.
• Identify measures to be undertaken to prevent or reduce the risk of an emergency, including emergency response training.
• Rules and regulations of National Park and National Key Points will apply. • Fire response. • Evacuation. • Escalation to crisis management plan. • Identify the positions of those responsible for operation of the ERP, in the event of an emergency. • Identify requirements and procedures for accessing personnel and equipment resources during an emergency.
• Outline procedures for interfacing with the Principal Contractor and the SKAO to ensure transfer of emergency response and management to the SKAO at appropriately defined severity levels.
• Specify a process for periodic updates of the plan to incorporate lessons learned from previous incidents and exercises.
• Meet the requirements set out in the legislation. • Post emergency management
The Principal Contractor will perform adequate emergency response drills and exercises to facilitate the practicing of the Site ERP and supporting response and rescue arrangements to ensure it is able to provide adequate response during an emergency situation. Testing of the emergency response process will be completed through a collaborative approach involving the Project manger and Contractors. The Principal Contractor must indicate in his Health & Safety Management Plan the scope and management of the drills and exercises. Within one month of mobilisation the Principal Contractor will conduct the first drill and thereafter at intervals not exceeding 6 months. Proper records of the drill exercise will be kept. 8.3 Medical Facilities & Services
Contractors shall ensure that appropriate first aid, medical care facilities and qualified personnel (paramedics) are provided at or near the Site where work under the contract is being performed. The appropriate first aid and medical care services shall be determined in accordance with statutory legislation and the risk assessments. The golden hour principle will apply, and the Principal Contractor must propose the number of paramedics whom will be available to reach remote construction sites within 30 minutes.
Contractors shall:
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• Maintain a register of first aid kits and contents. • Inspect first aid and medical care facilities provided monthly by a competent person. • Maintain records of all persons treated for work related injuries (incident register).
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9 RFI MANAGEMENT 9.1 Standard, Policies, Procedures & Protection Levels
The Site has been selected to be as free as possible of external terrestrially generated RFI over significant bandwidths and will be maintained as such by the establishment of Radio Quiet Zones (RQZs). RQZ legislation provides the legal requirements for the limitation of levels of RFI from any source on the Site over a frequency range from 100MHz to 25.5 GHz in South Africa. (Refer to Section 6 of this document).
In the context of the SKA telescope, RFI is defined as all unwanted, non-astronominal electromagnetic signals received by the telescope that are sufficiently strong to have the potential of creating false detections of astronomical signals or even influence the telescope’s design. This includes licenses or unlicensed telecommunications signals and the unintentionally generated signals emitted from any electrical equipment as it operates. Equipment to be used in the SKA telescope must be designed to appropriately limit self-generated RFI that may interfere with nearby telescope or other sensitive equipment located on the Site.
A national standard specifying the protection levels for radio astronomy observations has been developed in South Africa for the frequency spectrum between 70 MHz and 25.5 GHz. The protection levels are derived using the methodology described in Recommendation ITU-R RA.769-2, while interpolating system and receiver temperatures in order to derive a continuous function for threshold levels across the entire band. A piecewise linear function is used to describe the SARAS standard using a best-fit algorithm of the derived levels.
The definition of the SARAS protection levels, shown in Figure 32, applies to continuum observations, which assume a receiver bandwidth equal to 1% of the observing frequency. However, the SARAS protection levels are equally applicable to spectral line observations, which assume a receiver bandwidth equal to 0.001% of the observing frequency, by shifting the levels (expressed in dBm/Hz) upwards by 15 dB.
The SARAS protection levels are virtually identical to the SKA protection levels defined in the SKA EMI/EMC Standards, Related Procedures & Guidelines) [AD17].
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Figure 32: South African Radio Astronomy Service (SARAS) Protection Levels, derived from the methodology outlined in Recommendation ITU-R RA.769-2.
9.1.1 SKA EMC/EMI Standards, Related Procedures & Guidelines
The SKA EMI/EMC Standards, Related Procedures & Guidelines [AD17]: (i) Sets the thresholds of allowable emission levels for equipment located on the Site referred to the guided wave input of the telescope antennas; (ii) Establishes procedures for the monitoring and control of EMC issues as the project progresses (iii) Provides guidelines for the interpretation of the document, its associated procedures, and the measurement and verification requirements.
Contractors must familiarise themselves with this document and implement the procedures defined in the document (these are generally aligned to the SARAO policies and procedures defined below).
9.1.2 SARAO RFI Controls Policy
As owner of the Site, Contractors must also comply with the SARAO Policy for the Control of RFI on the Karoo Site during construction [AD18].
No equipment2 is allowed on Site without having first obtained the necessary SARAO RFI Permit (temporary installation) or Certificate of Compliance (permanent or semi-permanent installation), in accordance with the the SARAO Policy for the Control of RFI on the Karoo Site [AD18]. Any equipment located on Site that does not have a valid RFI Permit or Certificate of Compliance (CoC) shall be issued with an RFI Notice which shall provide instructions to achieve compliance with the relevant RFI Controls Policy within an agreed timeframe. A template RFI Permit, CoC and Notice is attached as Annexure E of this document. RFI Permits
2 Including any electrical equipment that may produce intentional radio frequency transmissions, such as mobile phones, laptops, Bluetooth transmitters, satellite phones and electronic tablets, as well as equipment that may produce unintentional electromagnetic radiation such as digital cameras, welding machines, electrical generation equipment and inverters. Equipment making use of active antennas, such as GPS, radio receivers and GPS-tracking devices are also included as major RFI culprits. Page 93 of 239 or CoC’s will indicate what Zones the Permit or CoC has been issued for. Contractors must comply with the terms and conditions defined in the Permits and CoC’s.
RFI Permits will be issued for RFI culprits that do not fully comply to the SKA EMC/EMI Standards, and where the RFI culprit will only be used on Site for a limited period. RFI permits can be issued for a short-term or longer term (i.e. Waiver) basis, but in general, will have a fixed duration of validity. The RFI Permits will be issued by the SARAO RFI Manager and will be co-signed by the SARAO Site Manager. The owner of equipment that is subject to a RFI Permit must have a printed and signed copy of the permit whenever he/she uses the equipment on Site. The SARAO Site Manager or the SARAO RFI Manager, or specific staff designated by them, can request the user of an RFI Culprit to present the RFI Permit. If the owner does not have a RFI permit, or cannot present it within a reasonable time, or is using the equipment outside the permit restrictions, he/she will be required to immediately switch off and remove the equipment from Site. All RFI Permits issued, including the RFI Permit number, RFI test report, the validity dates and restrictions for use, will be recorded on the SARAO RFI Permit Database and made available online to delegated authorities.
RFI Certificate of Compliance (CoCs) wil be issued for all permanently deployed equipment to the Site that comply with the SKA EMC/EMI Standards [AD17], as applicable to the relevant position with the RFI Culprit is to be installed. RFI CoCs will only be issued after the equipment has been tested. Type testing can only be conducted on RFI Culprits more than 1,000m from an antenna, at the discretion of the SARAO RFI Manager. The RFI CoCs will be issued by the SARAO RFI Manager and co-signed by the owner/supplier of the equipment/hardware.
Applications for SARAO RFI Permits or CoC’s shall require the relevant equipment to undergo RFI qualification through testing. The following facilities are available for use by Contractors (use of facility and resources required to do the RFI testing is for the account of the Contractor): (i) Test facilities in member country where product is being manufactured (ii) SARAO Reverberation Chamber, Cape Town (Operational) (iii) Houwteq Anechoic Chamber (Operational, 80km from Cape Town) (iv) Houwteq Reverberation Chamber (available June 2020) (v) ITC Anechoic Chamber, Gauteng (Operational, CISPR standards only). Qualification shall be in accordance with approved procedures3 and using whatever measurement resources as may be appropriate (Example illustrated in Figure 33). Pending the outcome of the qualification, which shall consider the frequency range and levels of emissions, a Permit or CoC shall be issued and shall prescribe terms of use within specified Zones and specific times of day, as well as any other instructions as may be relevant. Equipment for temporary use will remain switched off when not inside authorised locations or Zones.
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Figure 33: Example of RFI Tests undertaken Off-Site
Figure 34: RFI Process Flow
RFI Controls (Figure 34) for the various phases of the Project include: Page 95 of 239
9.1.2.1 Design Phase (Preventative)
EMC Control Plans must be developed by the designers of the product and approved by the SKAO at product CDR. The EMC Control Plan typically would include the following information: - Description of the Project Scope, location of activities (Zones), timescales etc. - Identification of all EMC Risks (design of permanent items as well as during construction) - Analysis of Risk based on propogation analysis predictions (Figure 35 & Figure 36) - Mitigation solutions for identified risks which includes design changes, operational restrictions - Qualification / Tests to be undertaken off Site (prior to installation/deployment) - Qualification / Test and monitoring to be done on Site
Figure 35: Example of EMC Risk Propogation Analysis
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Figure 36: Example EMC Risk Analysis – Risk Levels 9.1.2.2 Development / Procurement Phase (Preventative)
As part of the standard tender conditions for tenders that will lead to the temporary or permanent location of EMC culprits on Site, and where appropriate, the checklist will be issued as part of the tender (Figure 37). Completion of this checklist shall be mandatory, and shall include the declaration of all potential EMC culprits as well as the applicable EMC standard that such equipment has been qualified to.
Depending on the risks identified in the EMC Control Plan, the bidder responses to the RFI Checklist could be used as part of the formal tender evaluation process. The same should apply for Contractors delivering products as part of a member country In-Kind Contribution.
Figure 37: Example of a EMC Checklist for tenders
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9.1.2.3 Construction / Deployment / Installation Phase
All equipment / hardware must be tested Off-site prior to being deployed to Site. The SARAO team will issue RFI Permits or CoC’s which defines the Zones and restrictions that will be applied during construction.
Contractors must apply for RFI Permits/CoC’s at least 2 month’s prior to the equipment/hardware being deployed to Site. Contractors must ensure that RFI Permits/CoCs are included in the delivery note for shipping companies. All paperwork will be checked by the SARAO RFI Quality Officer at the Klerefontein Support Base prior to the equipment being delivered to Site. Should the paperwork not be in order, the shipping company will not be allowed access to Site.
The SKAO will be responsible for undertaking Quality Assurance on Contractor-delivered and installed equipment on Site. SARAO will undertake audits and inspections and notify the SKAO of any non- compliance.
RFI Notices may be issued by SARAO for any RFI Culprit that has been tested and found not to comply with the SKA EMC/EMI Standards [AD17] for its location and use. Appropriate corrective action shall be prescribed in the RFI Notice, to be undertaken by the party responsible for the equipment.
The RFI Notice will be issued by the SARAO RFI Manager. Once the RFI Notice has been issued, the recipient of the notice will generate a corrective action plan and submit it to the SARAO RFI Manager for approval.
RFI monitoring will be conducted by the SARAO RFI monitoring group to measure ongoing compliance to the SKA EMC/EMI Standards during SKA construction and whilst MeerKAT and guest instruments are operational. This responsibility will become the SKAO’s as operations ramp-up on Site.
9.2 RFI Zoning Strategy
The RFI Zones and State definitions are used on the RFI permits and CoCs to control the locations where the permits and CoCs are applicable. Signs have also been installed on site to indicate when a vehicle is entering or leaving a specific Zone.
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9.2.1 RFI Operational State Definitions
Table 15 provides the definitions of the operational states on Site:
Table 15: Definition of RFI Operational States
RFI State Colour Definition
RFI State 1: Green This state has the highest RFI restrictions, i.e. the best conditions for Full Science the most sensitive science observations. Operations Only equipment with an RFI CoC is allowed to operate on Site. Only staff required for critical functions will be allowed on Site. During construction periods, this shall be subject to a curfew from 17h00 to 08h00 RFI State 2: Yellow This state allows some RFI relaxations, subject to RFI permit conditions. Restricted Science Where required, the SKA Host Country Execution Manager shall Operations communicate with the MeerKAT science operations team to plan, agree and co-ordinate start and stop times. RFI State 3: Red No science observations are possible, e.g. when aircraft are on No Science approach / departure from the Site landing strip or when critical Operations maintenance is being undertaken on the power system. These periods shall be promulgated by the SARAO Site Manager & SKAO Site Manager in consultation with the MeerKAT science operations team. In the case where damage to Receiver front ends (LNA’s) is a risk, RFI covers will be fitted.
9.2.2 List with RFI Zone Definitions
Table 16 provides a summary of the RFI Zones on Site. When RFI Permits or CoCs are issued by the SARAO team for equipment, hardware etc. being taken on Site, the RFI Permit or CoC will state what Zone that equipment, hardware etc. can only be operated within.
The Zones are demarcated with signboards on Site where possible.
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Table 16: RFI Zones on Site Zone ID Zone Title Notes
Zone 0 Receptor (Dish) 20m circle around each MeerKAT Receptor Marked by painted curb stones For SKA1 Dishes in rhe Spirals this will be a inside the 100m by 100m Security Fence Zone 1 Inner Core 1500m from the centre of the core, it includes most to the MeerKAT Receptors Zone 2 Outer Core 5000m from the centre of the core, it includes all to the MeerKAT Receptors. For practical purposes, when exiting the security gate at the site complex towards the core Zone 3 HERA (PAPER) Subzone inside Zone 2, 300m around the HERA Site
Zone 4 Landing Strip Subzone inside Zone 2, 750m around the Landing Strip
Zone 5 KAT-7 Subzone inside Zone 2, 300m around the KAT-7 Site
Zone 6 Meysdam Subzone inside Zone 2, 300m around the Meysdam Farmhouse / Construction camp Zone 7 High Elevation Site Subzone inside Zone 2, 300m around high elevation site
Zone 8 SKA Site Complex Subzone inside Zone 2, 300m SKA Site Complex. Three areas are defined, each with different screening: Zone 8A: Inside Screened rooms (CPF Data Rack or Control Room) Zone 8B: Inside underground building Zone 8C: Above ground buildings and site Zone 9 Losberg Subzone inside Zone 2, 300m around the Losberg Farmhouse / Construction camp Zone 10 National Park The Farms procured by NRF and that is included in National Park Including: Zone 10A: Bergsig Farmhouse & Camp Zone 10B: Visserskloof Farmhouse & Camp Zobe 10C : Swartfontein Farmhouse & Camp Zone 10D: HIRAX Site Zone 11 Williston Spiral Arm The Servitude farms in the Williston Spiral Arm
Zone 12 Carnarvon Spiral Arm The Servitude farms in the Carnarvon Spiral Arm
Zone 13 Brandvlei Spiral Arm The Servitude farms in the Brandvlei Spiral Arm
Zone 14 Surrounding Area and Surrounding Area and Farms within 100km from the Site Farms
Zone 15 Klerefontein Support Subzone inside Zone 14 for the Klerefontein Support Base Base
Zone 16 Towns Subzone inside Zone 14 for the Towns: Zone 16A: Carnarvon & Carnarvon POP Station Zone 16B: Carnarvon Electrical Substation Zone 16C: Williston Zone 16D: Brandvlei Zone 16E: Van Wyksvlei Zone 17 High Sites with High sites with external transmitters around the Site external transmitters Page 100 of 239
Zone ID Zone Title Notes
Zone 18 Mobile Equipment Vehicles and other mobile equipment that can be used in various zones Zone 19 Aircraft / Aircraft Aircraft overflying the Site Area including: routes Zone 19A: Aircraft approaching or departing site Zone 19B: Commercial Aircraft routes (promulgated by CAA) Zone 19C: Local aircraft in uncontrolled airspace Zone 20 Satellites and Balloons Satellites and Balloons (weather balloons , Google Loon) overflying the site area
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9.3 RFI Zone Diagrams
Figure 38 indicates RFI Zone 0 (20m around each Receptor) inside Zone 1 (Inner MeerKAT and SKA Core).
Figure 38: Zone 0 (20m around each MeerKAT Receptor / SKA1 Dish)
Figure 39 indicates the RFI Zones in the MeerKAT/SKA Core area (farms Losberg and Meysdam):
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Figure 39: RFI Zones in the MeerKAT/SKA Core Area (Losberg and Meysdam)
Figure 40 shows the RFI Zones in the 3 SKA Spiral Arms.
Figure 40: RFI Zones in the SKA Spiral Arms
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10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
The MeerKAT and the SKA projects are one of the 18 Strategic Integrated Projects of the Presidential Infrastructure Coordinating Committee (PICC), as part of the South African National Development Plan 2030.
The South African Department of Environmental Affairs committed to contributing to the implementation of the National Development Plan by undertaking Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEAs) to integrate the regulatory environmental requirements for the Strategic Integrated Projects (SIPs), while safeguarding the environment.
In 2015, the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) was appointed by DEA to undertake a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for the SKA Phase 1 Mid-Frequency Array – [ADX].
The SEA covers an area of approximately 628,200 hectares of land in the Karoo, which was divided into two sub-areas: The “SEA Core Study Area” (outlined in blue in Figure 41), which consists of 38 land parcels, and covers an area of approximately 131 200 hectares; and the “SEA Spiral Arm Study Area” (outlined in purple in Figure 41), which includes 131 land parcels, and covers an area of approximately 497,000 hectares.
The overall study area falls within four local municipalities; the Kareeberg Local Municipality, the Hantam Local Municipality, the Siyatemba Local Municipality and the Karoo-Hoogland Local Municipality. The largest towns surrounding the study area are Carnarvon, Williston, Van Wyksvlei and Brandvlei.
Figure 41: Strategic Environmental Assessment Area
The SEA assessed the potential impacts that the proposed activities for the construction and operation of SKA1_MID may have on local agriculture, heritage (including archaeology, paleontology, cultural heritage Page 104 of 239 and visual/landscape aspects), terrestrial ecology and biodiversity, including avifauna, aquatic ecosystems, as well as socio-economic aspects. Specialist findings and recommendations were included in Chapter 3 (State of the Environment), Chapter 5 (Environmental Management Programme) and Chapter 6 (Research and Monitoring Programmes) of the Integrated Environmental Management Plan (IEMP). Further aspects of sensitivity in terms of aviation, defence, telecommunications, weather services, mining, water use, waste management, noise and traffic effects were also investigated in consultation with the relevant authorities and stakeholders. The specialist reports were reviewed by independent experts, who provided input and contributed to improving the scoping level.
Legal Instrument
South Africa's National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) (Act No. 107 of 1998) [AD15] promotes the integrated environmental management of activities that may have a significant effect (positive or negative) on the environment. Section 24(1) of the NEMA states that “in order to give effect to the general objectives of integrated environmental management laid down in this Chapter, the potential impact on the environment of listed activities must be considered, investigated, assessed and reported to the competent authority charged by this Act with granting the relevant environmental authorization." The reference to "listed activities" in Section 24 of the NEMA relates to the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2014 and its associated Listing Notices and amendments.
This Integrated Environmental Management Plan (IEMP) has been adopted by the Minister of Environmental Affairs as an environmental instrument. The adopted IEMP forms the basis on which an exclusion from the need to obtain an environmental authorisation for the listed and specified activities associated with the development of the SKA1_MID as identified in Chapter 2 of the IEMP was granted to the National Research Foundation on behalf of the SKAO in terms of section 24(2)(e) of the NEMA. The exclusion is subject to compliance with the content of Chapter 2 and 5 of the IEMP.
Integrated Environmental Management Plan (IEMP)
On the 22 March 2019, the Minister of Environmental Affairs (now Minister of Environmental Affairs, Fisheries and Forestry) gazetted the adoption of the IEMP for the Square Kilometre Array Phase 1 Mid- Frequency Array (SKA1_MID) in South Africa (Government Gazette No 42323 (Notice No. 436).
The conditions of exclusion listed in the Government Gazette include amongst others:
i. Ecological, terrestrial and heritage specialists must undertake a walkthrough of the site prior to the start of construction to confirm the final development footprint to confirm the areas unsuitable for development; ii. Prepare a map signed off by specialists which consolidates areas for unsuitable development and overlays the final proposed development to confirm that no development will take place in these areas; iii. Submit the consolidated map and the written notice of commencement of construction to the Department and include the map as Appendic C to Chapter 5 of the IEMP.
Failure to comply with the Management outcomes defined in Chapter 5 of the IEMP will constitute an offence in terms of Section 49(A)(1)(d) of NEMA.
The National Research Foundation, through its national facility, the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, and the International SKA Organisation, will now be required to comply with the conditions contained in the Government Gazette Notice.
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In terms of the conditions listed in 2.3.3., a detailed heritage and ecology walkthrough has been completed on Site and the aquatic walkthrough will be concluded by the end of 2019. A Conservation Management Plan [AD16] has been submitted and approved by the South African Heritage Resource Agency (SAHRA). The outcome of the ecology and aquatic walkthrough will be a Revegation and Rehabilitation Plan and a Plant Rescue and Protection Plan for the construction and operation of the SKA in South Africa.
10.1 Compliance with Chapter 5 of the IEMP
10.1.1 Organisational Arrangements
10.1.1.1 SANParks
The South African National Parks has been appointed by the NRF to undertake the land management responsibility of the NRF-owned land. SANParks responsibilities are defined in the IEMP and in Annexure C of this document.
The NRF-owned land will be declared as a National Park in terms of the South African National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act, Act No. 57 of 2003. 10.1.1.2 SKA Environmental Officers
SKA Environmental Officers will be responsible for the implementation and monitoring of Contractor EMPrs. The Environmental Officers will be responsible for the environmental issues involved with construction, operation and decommissioning phases of the project. Environmental Officers have the authority and responsibility to stop work if, in his/her opinion, a serious threat to or impact on the environment may be caused directly from Site activities. Environmental Officers will also be responsible for: • Completion of a daily environmental incident log and complaints record sheet which are available for inspection at any time; • To notify externally appointed Environmental Control Officer (ECO) of any incidents or compliants; • To notify Contractor ECOs of any serious non-compliance issues immediately.
The SKA Environmental Officers and Contractors will be required to keep a copy of EMPrs on Site. Copies of instructions or recommendations issued to Contractors must be retained and records of EMPr violations filed (environmental incident log).
10.1.1.3 SARAO or SKAO Contractors
Contractors are bound to the notice of adoption, any environmental authorization, or conditions of existing permits, licenses and authorizations and EMPr conditions through agreement with SARAO or the SKAO. Contractors must familiarize themselves witht the EMPr and any previous environmental authorizations issued/permit requirements before coming to Site. Contractors must ensure that provision has been made for sufficient budget to comply with all the EMPr and environmental authorisation conditions at the tender stage. 10.1.1.4 Indepedently appointed Environmental Control Officer (ECO)
The Environmental Control Officer (ECO) is appointed by the SKAO as an external independent monitor of the implementation of the EMPr. He/she must form part of the project team and be involved in all aspects of project planning that can influence environmental conditions on site.
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The ECO must attend relevant project meetings, conduct inspections to assess compliance with the EMPr and be responsible for feedback on potential environmental problems associated with Site activities. The ECO will also liaise with relevant authorities, contractors regarding environmental management and undertake routine monitoring. The ECO will be required to provide induction training in terms of the EMPr prior to construction. All those attending such induction will be required to sign an attendance register. The ECO has the right to enter the Site and do monitoring and auditing at any time.
External environmental audit reports will be undertaken by the ECO annually, commencing 12 months after notification to the competent authority 14 days prior to the date on which the first activities will commence. These audit reports will contain information on the Contractor, the NRF (SARAO) and the SKAO levels of compliance with the EMPr, notice of adoption and permits. The audit report will include a description of the general state of the Site, with specific reference to sensitive areas and ares of non- conformance. The ECO must indicate the necessary corrective measures to eliminate the cause of the non- conformance and corrective actions to be taken.
The ECO is responsible for informing the Environmental Officer and Contractors of any decisions that are taken concerning environmental management during construction, operation and decomissioning phases of the SKA.
10.1.2 Demarcated Areas
During the SKA1_MID SEA, a number of environmental resources within the SEA study area were identified as very sensitive to the proposed SKA1_MID proposed activities and unsuitable for development4. These areas include habitats that are essential for the survival of rare plant or animal species and practically impossible to restore once they have been destroyed. These areas were demarcated (see Figure 17, Figure 41, Figure 45 and Figure 47 in Chapter 3 of the IEMP) and include:
• exposed mudstone/ sandstone rock sheets: these features are home to rare succulents and reptiles; • large dolerite hills: these features cannot be restored once destroyed by blasting, trenching or road building; • cluster of Aloidendron dichotomum (formerly Aloe dichotoma / common names: quiver tree or kokerboom): rated as Vulnerable in the 2014 Red List of South African Plants and not threatened under the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (Act No. 10 of 2004); • pans and wetlands: development may change drainage patterns and affect the wildlife especially birds, amphibians and fish that use the pans after rain; • red sand-dunes: habitat of the narrow range endemic and substrate-restricted Red Lark; • depressional wetlands, seep wetlands and pans; • wetland flats; • watercourses; • Grade II heritage sites including corbelled buildings declared Provincial Heritage Sites on the farms Grootfontein, Arbeidsfontein and Stuurmansfontein, and culturally significant places of Hartogskloof, Groot Pardekloof and Abiquaputs: high provincial or regional significance heritage resources; • Grade IIIa heritage features including burial grounds, rock paintings, historical buildings, stone age artefacts and monuments: high local significance heritage resources worthy of conservation.
The extent of these areas unsuitable for development is being verified by expert fieldwork during micro- sitting of the SKA1_MID infrastructure.
4 Spatial layers are available from https://egis.environment.gov.za/SKAphase1 Page 107 of 239
Furthermore, sensitive environmental resources5 identified within the SEA study area should also be avoided as far as possible during the proposed development activities. Where impacts to these features cannot be avoided, the impacts must be mitigated in line with this EMPr. Sensitive features include: • populations of Acacia erioloba and Hoodia spp, • protected and listed faunal species6, • floodplain wetlands (river beds), • valley bottom wetlands, • river reaches • major drainage lines, • riparian zones, • ridges and high lying areas, • prominent and quartz outcrops, and • dolerite gravel plains, • Grade IIIb & IIIc rock art sites.
10.1.3 Monitoring and Auditing
The Environmental Officer will conduct Internal Environmental Audits. The internal audits will be conducted at a frequency determined by the NRF, the SKAO and Environmental Officer throughout the construction phase. The internal audit reports will be submitted to the SARAO and SKAO Site Manager and SKA Host Country Execution Manager. The level of performance against and compliance with the EMPr will be checked and verified through the internal audit process, to ensure adherence to the EMPr requirements. The Internal Environmental Audit report will include detailed environmental monitoring activities as well as any recorded environmental incidents and relevant corrective actions. Consequences of non-compliance must be indicated within the agreement between the Contractor, ECO and the SKAO and addressed during external audits. The Environmental Officer will compile a photographic record of the SKA1_MID construction footprint area, which will be used to show the state of the environment on the site before, during and after the rehabilitation activities, including: • all areas designated as work areas, camp areas and facilities, construction sites and storage areas taken before, during and after the set-up of these sites - including temporary working areas before, during and post rehabilitation; • fences and fencing equipment that will be impacted by the SKA project, before, during and after the installation or removal; • access roads before, during and after the construction/upgrading of roads;
5 Spatial layers are available from https://egis.environment.gov.za/SKAphase1 6 For example: Northern Cape Nature Conservation Act 9/2009 and the NEMA Biodiversity Act 10 of 2004 (Notice 389 of 2013) Page 108 of 239
• topsoil and storage areas before, during and after the removal; and • waste management sites before, during and after the set-up of these sites.
During the operation phase the Environmental Officer must conduct quarterly site inspections to monitor the extent to which natural re-growth has occurred; any erosion resulting from the preceding season, taking into consideration climatic factors; recommendation from the “let’s respond toolkit4” for climate change and the need for additional erosion protection or re-vegetation. The Environmental Officer must conduct Internal Environmental Audits at a frequency determined by the NRF and the SKAO and the Environmental Officer throughout the operation and decommissioning phases and submit the internal audit reports to the Project Manager These internal audits must check and verify the level of performance against and compliance with the content of this EMP.
The erosion protection and rehabilitation activities must consider the possible presence of surface or sub-surface heritage material. If heritage material is uncovered, the Chance Find Procedure for Heritage resources and Fossil Finds Procedure (prepared during the pre-construction phase in terms of the National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 Regulations - Government Notice R.548) must be implemented and adhered to.
All environmental incidents regardless of severity must be reported to the Environmental Officer during all phases of the SKA1_MID project for inclusion into the Environmental Incident Log. The Environmental incident Log will provide a description of the environmental incidents and the corrective actions that were taken to mitigate the incident; and will inform the internal Environmental Audit Reports. Environmental incidents are defined as environmental impact resulting from deviation (non- compliance) from the impact management actions and outcomes prescribed in the EMPr.
The SARAO Stakeholder Manager will maintain a complaint register during all phases of the SKA project (including, but not limited to complaints received from adjacent landowners, local stakeholders and local/district/provincial authorities). The register will contain a detailed description of each complaint with supporting documentation, a written response to each complaint with a description of any associated corrective action, and the responsible official or authority who implemented the corrective action.
An independent assessor will be appointed to investigate and evaluate any claim for damages and report back to the SARAO and SKAO Site Managers and SKA Host Country Execution Manager. Following consideration by the Project Manager, the claim is to be resolved and settled as soon as possible, or the reason for not accepting the claim communicated in writing to the claimant.
The ECO must conduct independent external environmental audits, at a frequency as agreed between the NRF, the SKAO and the ECO (at least every 12 months, and commencing 12 months after notification to the competent authority 14 days prior to the date on which the first of the activities will commence) for the construction, operation and decommissioning of the project prior to the commencement of each phase. The independent external audits are to verify the projects compliance with and consider project adherence to the EMPr and conditions of the notice of adoption. The ECO or Environmental Officer must at the request of the Department forward any internal or external audit reports to the Department. Consequences of non-compliance must be indicated within the agreement between the contractor, ECO, SKAO and SARAO and addressed during external audits.
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Evidence of the following as key performance indicators must be included in the independent external audit reports: i. Complaints received from landowners and actions taken ii. Environmental incidents, such as oil spills, concrete spills, etc. and actions taken (litigation excluded) iii. Incidents leading to litigation and legal contraventions iv. Unintended environmental damage that needs rehabilitation measures to be taken v. Corrective actions vi. The level of performance against and compliance with the EMPr requirements.
A copy of all monitoring reports, contractor method statements and other supporting documentation must be held by the Environmental Officer on site and be made available to the Department and the ECO upon request. The Contractor is deemed not to have complied with the EMPr if: i. within the boundaries of the site, site extensions and haul/ access roads there is evidence of contravention of the EMPr confirmed and verified by the ECO; ii. environmental damage ensues due to non-compliance of EMPr requirements; iii. the Contractor fails to comply with corrective or other instructions issued by the Project Manager within a specific time; and iv. The Contractor fails to respond adequately to complaints from the public in line with requirements of this EMPr.
10.1.4 Method Statements and Activity-Specific Management Plans
Method Statements are written submissions to the SKA Project Manager by the Contractor, in collaboration with his/her Environmental Site Officer, in response to a request by the Environmental Officer and/or SKAO. The Method Statements set out the plant, materials, labour and method that the Contractor proposes using to carry out an activity, identified by the Environmental Officer and/or SKA Project Manager. The Method Statements contain sufficient detail such that the Environmental Officer and SKA Project Manager can assess whether the Contractor's proposal is in accordance with the requirements of the EMPr. The contractor must sign each Method Statement along with the Environmental Officer and SKA Project Manager to formalize the approved Method Statement. Method Statements and/or Management Plans must be submitted by the Contractor to the SKA Project Manager and Environmental Officer for approval prior to the commencement of the activity. Any changes to the method of works must be reflected by amendments to the original approved Method Statement. Any changes in this regard must be approved by the Environmental Officer and SKA Project Manager on the understanding that such changes are environmentally acceptable and in line with the requirements of this EMPr. The Method Statements which are required as a minimum must include:
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• Construction camp locality and layout plans; • Park Management plan; • Lighting plan; • Stormwater management at the construction camp/s and at the construction areas; • Construction of water crossings; • Erosion Management; • Waste Management including management, use and storage of hazardous substances; • Traffic Management; • Dust control; • Sourcing, excavating, transporting and dumping of fill and spoil material; • Workshop, maintenance and cleaning of equipment; • Diesel tanks and refueling procedures (under normal and emergency situations); • Spill Contingency Plan; • Topsoil management; • Fire; • Rehabilitation of construction camps and other disturbed areas Alien invasive Plant Management Plan; and • Emergency Response Procedures.
Method Statements must address the following aspects: • What – a brief description of the work to be undertaken; • How – a detailed description of the process of work, methods and materials; • Where – a description of the location of the work (if applicable); and • When – the sequencing of actions with commencement and completion date estimates.
The Environmental Officer must monitor the implementation of the Method Statements and activity- specific management plans during the construction and operation phases of the project.
10.1.5 Site Documentation
The following is a list of documentation that must be held on Site and must be made available to the ECO and/or Competent Authority on request: • Copy of the notice of adoption issued by the Minister of Environmental Affairs • Site daily diary /instruction book/ Incident reports • Copies of any other permits or authorisations • Copies of Environmental Officer reports (management and monitoring) • Environmental Management Programme (EMPr) • Complaints register • Method statements
Prior to the commencement of construction activities, the following documentation is to be filled out and forms part of the EMPr and project contract and includes, but is not limited to the following: • Declaration of understanding by the NRF and the SKAO • Declaration of understanding by the SKA Project Manager • Declaration of understanding by the Contractor • Method Statements
• ECO/SKA Project Manager approval for Method Statements
During construction activities, the following documentation is to be filled out and maintained. These form part of the EMPr and project contract. They include, but are not limited to, the following: • Amended Method Statements • ECO / SKA Project Manager approval for amended method statements • Environmental incidents
10.1.6 Construction Compliance Requirements
Reference can be made to Annexure C of this document which provides a detailed overview of the Construction Compliance Requirements defined in Chapter 5 of the IEMP [AD8]. Responsibilities have also been indicated in this Table.
10.2 Heritage Conservation Management Plan
10.2.1 Scope
To define practical management and mitigation measures, informed by the South African regulatory framework and international best practice standards, that retain, complement and enhance Cultural Significance (CS) of the cultural landscape throughout the life of the Project. The scope applies to all employees of SKAO, NRF, SARAO, other affiliated facilities or entities, service providers and business partners to the Project.
10.2.2 Preventative Protection
Reference can be made to Annexure D which defines the construction preventative protection measures related to Heritage which SARAO, the SKAO and its Contractors need to comply with. These preventative protection measures have been identified to remove, avoid or reduce the current and future risks.
10.2.3 Monitoring
Monitoring activities will be required throughout the life of the Project. External technical specialists must be appointed by the Contractor to comply with the heritage conservation requirements during construction.
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10.2.3.1 Construction Phase
Construction activities pose the greatest threat to tangible heritage resources within the cultural landscape. To manage the risk of damage and/or destruction to these resources, the required monitoring measures are encapsulated in Table 17. Refer to Figure 42 and 43 for areas that require specialists (paleantologist and archaeologist) on call during construction. Table 17: Monitoring Requirements during Construction Activity Sensitivity Responsible Requirements . On-site inspection prior to construction . Guide construction to avoid possible impacts to chance finds . Record and assess Very high Palaeontologist identified chance finds . Implement requirements of Construction activities in NHRA and NHRA relation paleontological Regulations sensitivities . Compile Watching Brief Report for submission to SAHRA
High SKAO Site Moderate Implement CFP Manager Low
Negligible N/A No requirements
. On-site inspection prior to construction . Guide construction to avoid Very high possible impacts to chance finds . Record and assess Construction activities in Archaeologist identified chance finds relation to defined . Implement requirements of archaeological NHRA and NHRA sensitivities Regulations High . Compile Watching Brief Report for submission to SAHRA
Moderate SKAO Site Implement CFP Low Manager
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Activity Sensitivity Responsible Requirements Very low Negligible
Figure 42: High-Very High Palaeo-Sensitivity Area to be monitored by Palaeontologist
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Figure 43: High-Very High Archaeological Sensitivity Areas to be monitored by Archaeologist
10.2.4 Progress Reporting Progress reporting must be completed by a palaeontologist and archaeologist as prescribed in Table 17 during the construction phase of the SKA. 10.2.5 Contractors Awareness The SKAO, SARAO and / or SANParks are responsible for ensuring that a suitably qualified specialist develops project specific training material to allow service providers with the necessary skills to implement the contents of Conservation Management Plan and Chance Find Procedure. The developed training material, as well as the contents of the CMP and CFP must be included as part of Contractors induction processes. 10.2.6 Resources The SKAO, SARAO and SANParks will implement the conservation management plan throughout the life of the Project and operation of the Proposed National Park respectively. The organisational structure is presented in Figure 44.
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Figure 44: Organisational Structures Responsible for Implementing the Conservation Management Plan
10.3 Fossil Chance Finds Protocol
The Chance Finds Protocol provides the international SKA Organisation (SKAO), SARAO and SANParks with the appropriate response guidelines to the identification of heritage resources. The CFP serve as an international best practice policy for the accidental discovery of palaeontological resources, archaeological resources and burial grounds and graves.
The potential tangible heritage resources that may be identified or accidentally exposed through implementation of the Project include:
i. Paleontological Resources Palaeontological resources are associated with specific geological contexts (Beaufort Group and Ecca Group). These may manifest as fossil heritage exposed through surface outcrops or during construction activities and comprise aquatic fauna, fauna, flora and trace fossils.
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To reduce the intensity of potential impacts to unidentified palaeontological resources, the following procedure in Figure 45 must be adopted and implemented:
Figure 45: Fossil Chance Find Protocol Process
ii. Archaeological Resources • Earlier (ESA) and Middle Stone Age (MSA) lithic artefacts; • Later Stone Age (LSA) artefacts attributed to the /Xam group; • Rock Art engravings attributed to various San groups, and the /Xam in particular; • LSA artefacts and pottery attributed to Khoekhoe groups; • Rock Art paintings attributed to Khoekhoe groups; • 18th and 19th century settlement of Xhosa groups in the Northern Cape, and their interactions with the /Xam, Korana and Griqua; and • Migrations of the frontier farmers from the Cape Colony into the region
To reduce the intensity of potential impacts to unidentified archaeological resources, the following procedure in Figure 46 must be adopted and implemented:
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Figure 46: Archaeological Finds Procedure iii. Burial Grounds and Graves
All burial grounds and graves must be conserved in situ. In the event that burial grounds and graves are accidentally exposed during construction and/or operational activities, the CONSERVE Procedure must be implemented (refer to Chance Finds Protocol). In addition to the steps outlined in Chance Finds Protocol, the following additional requirements are applicable. • The responsible person (Site Manager) must notify the South African Police Service (SAPS) and SAHRA BGG Unit; • The SAPS and SAHRA BGG Unit must inspect the grave(s) to determine: o The temporal context of the graves: i.e. whether the burial is forensic, an authentic burial grave (an informal grave or a grave older than 60 years and which is afforded general protection under Section 36 of the NHRA) or archaeological (older than 100 years and afforded general protection under Section 35 of the NHRA); and o Whether additional graves or burials exist in the vicinity.
iv. Rescue Excavations
A rescue excavation refers to a mitigation strategy wherein palaeontological or archaeological resources are removed from the context in which they were identified within a short timeframe. This applies to finds where the amount or significance of the find is circumscribed and it is feasible to
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remove the material without comprising the contextual data. The strategy employed during these mitigations depends on several factors regarding the find and its context. The time span for these excavations is less than one week and is most likely between one and three days.
If the resource cannot feasibly be rescued in that timeframe without compromising the detailed material recovery and contextual observations, these resources are considered a Major Find. These require a more careful, controlled excavation. In the event of a Major Find, there are two options: • Avoidance: the Major Find is avoided through a redesign of the Project or relocation of Project infrastructure. This ensures minimal impact to the site. The find site will require site protection measures, including the erection of fences and/or barricades, or stabilising the find site and refilling the excavation. This option is preferred should the excavation of the find site be delayed substantially or indefinitely; or • Emergency Excavation: this refers to the ‘no option’ situation where avoidance is not feasible due to design, financial and time constraints. This option can delay construction and add time constraints to the excavation, which could lead to irrevocable compromise of scientific quality. The emergency excavation is not generally the preferred option for a Major Find.
These alternatives must be discussed and decided upon in conjunction with the relevant responsible persons before the mitigation measure is implemented for the Major Find.
10.3.1 Roles and Responsibilities
Table 18 provides a summary of the Roles & Responsibilities on Site related to heritage / conservation management and fossil find aspects.
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Table 18: Roles & Responsibilities for Heritage / Chance Finds
Position Responsibility Archaeologist On-site monitoring of earth moving activities during construction and/or operational phases in areas with high to very high archaeological sensitivity. The SKAO / contractors must provide detailed programme for construction works to plan the physical presence of the contractor-appointed archaeologist. Outcomes of monitoring must be collated into a Watching Brief Report for submission to SAHRA and NC-PHRA via SAHRIS. Palaeontologist On-site monitoring of earth moving activities during construction and/or operational phases in areas with very high palaeontological sensitivity. The SKAO / contractors must provide detailed programme for construction works to plan the physical presence of the contractor-appointed archaeologist. Cursory monitoring of earth moving activities during construction and/or operational phases in areas with moderate palaeontological sensitivity. Outcomes of monitoring must be collated into a Watching Brief Report for submission to SAHRA and NC-PHRA via SAHRIS. SKAO Host Country Accountable for all aspects of the SKA Project and its associated activities, Execution Manger including ensuring that the construction and operational activities comply with all relevant legislation, regulations, minimum requirements, constitution and international conventions / protocols and other requirements to which the SKAO and SARAO subscribes. SARAO and SKAO Site Responsible for ensuring this Chance Find Protocol is implemented. Manager Bring to the attention of the Environmental Control Officer (ECO) the requirements encapsulated within the Conservation Management Plan (CMP) and this CFP. Work directly with the ECO to ensure the necessary assessment and requirements are implemented. Ensure all relevant staff receive the necessary training to implement the CFP and other requirements encapsulated within the CMP. SKAO & SARAO Responsible for ensuring all activities and the potential risks to cultural heritage Environmental Officers are considered by thorough implementation of this procedure. This includes the allocation of appropriate resources to undertake such assessments. These can include, but are not limited to: • External specialist consultants; and • Internal specialists. On-site inspection of earth moving activities during construction and/or operational phases in areas with very low to moderate archaeological sensitivity, and low palaeontological sensitivity. SANParks Park Accountable for all aspects of the Proposed National Park and its associated Manager activities, including ensuring that all activities comply with all relevant legislation, regulations, minimum requirements, constitution and international conventions / protocols and other requirements to which SANParks subscribes.
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SANParks Senior Responsible for bringing to the attention of the Ecological and Cultural Ranger Conservation Officers the requirements encapsulated within the CMP and this CFP. Ensure all relevant staff receive the necessary training to implement the CFP and other requirements encapsulated within the CMP. SANParks Responsible for ensuring all activities and the potential risks to cultural heritage Conservation/Outreach are considered by thorough implementation of this procedure. This includes the allocation of appropriate resources to undertake such assessments. These can Officer include, but are not limited to: • External specialist consultants; and • Internal specialists.
10.4 Ecology & Aquatic Management Plan
A detailed Ecology and Aquatic Walkthrough is underway on the Site to determine highly sensitive ecology and aquatic areas. The outcome of this walkthrough is the development of an Ecology & Aquatic Management Plan which SARAO, the SKAO and its Contractors must adhere to.
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11 ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION AND PERSONNEL ISSUES 11.1 Contractors Staff at the Site
The Contractor shall be responsible for removing any person employed directly or indirectly who demonstrates unsatisfactory behaviour. The Contractor shall employ enough labour force to guarantee the completion of the Work within the agreed time schedules.
SKAO reserves the unrestricted right to request immediate withdrawal from the site of any person employed directly or indirectly by the Contractor, if, in the SKAO’s opinion that person has demonstrated: a) In the past and/or demonstrates in the present unsatisfactory behaviour, incompetence or negligence in the fulfilment of his/her functions; b) If he/she does not follow safety rules; c) If his/her presence should, for any other reason, be deemed undesirable;
Persons referred under this paragraph may not be subsequently employed on the site without explicit written permission of the SKAO.
The Contractor shall replace the person(s) removed from the site with personnel of equal qualification and experience without delay.
The Contractor shall provide the SKAO, on a monthly basis (template to be provided by the SKAO): 1) The number of workers employed in the various categories employed on the site; 2) The number of “local” sub-contractors utilized, the nature and value of the Work; 3) The number of “local” suppliers utilized, the nature and value of the Work; 4) The number of staff trained during the period, the nature of the training and the value of the training.
“Local” is defined as suppliers, contractors, workers utilised from the Site’s surrounding towns (Carnarvon, Vanwyksvlei, Brandvlei, Williston). 11.2 Working Hours
The Contractor, prior to start of the Work on Site, shall provide information and obtain SKAO approval on: a) The planned daily working hours (Note that construction can only take place during the day from 07h00 – 17h00 South African time); b) Any night time work (e.g. photogrammetry of antennas) must be arranged prior to any work commencing (Host Country Execution Manager, SARAO and SKAO Site Manager); c) No work on Sundays, South African Public Holidays and Year-end Closure of the Site (normally 15 December to 15 January); d) The planned general work routine and shift system; e) The number of shifts foreseen for the execution of the Work.
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Weekly, Monthly and six-monthly meetings will be held between the SKAO and SARAO to plan the MeerKAT science schedule and the SKA1 construction schedule in more detail. The outcomes of these meetings will be communicated to Contractors on a continous basis.
12 INFORMATION OF SUB-CONTRACTORS, CONSULTANTS AND OTHER CONTRACTING THIRD PARTIES OF THE CONTRACTOR The Contractor shall be entirely responsible for his sub-contractor(s) at every hierarchical level.
The Contractor shall instruct all people directly or indirectly associated or involved in the Work on all relevant information which may be applicable to their obligations and responsibilities under the terms of the Contract and the present Conditions.
The Contractor shall observe obligations derived from this document as well as the project safety and environmental requirements.
13 INSTRUCTIONS CONCERNING ON-SITE OPERATIONS 13.1 General Coordination on Site
In the general interest of having smooth site operations, the SKAO will insist on the achievement of optimal coordination between the various Contractors engaged in Work on site. The SKAO’s Host Country Execution Manager and SKAO Site Manager will endeavour to ensure that such coordination is maintained between all SKAO contractors and the SARAO Site Manager and the SARAO Science and Operations team.
Should the need arise, coordination meetings will be held. The agenda and minutes of these meetings will be drafted by the SKAO and distributed to each participant. The statements reported in the minutes of the meetings shall bind all participants to their respect, follow-up and implementation.
The status of safety and the environment will be a standing agenda item at every meeting.
13.2 Site Log Book
The Contractor shall keep, on site, a daily site logbook with numbered pages. The Contractor shall enter therein: a) Important events, visits etc. b) The number of persons employed on Site; c) Presence on Ssite of sub-contractor(s), consultants and other contracted third parties associated with the contract; d) Description of the execution of the work; e) Accounts relative to the progress of the work; f) Occurrence of accidents; g) Equipment on Ssite; h) Occurrence of property damage; Document No.: SKA-TEL-SKO-0001040 Author: T Cheetham Revision: A Page 123 of 239 Date: 2019-09-13
i) Hazardous materials being used and/or stored on site (type, amount); j) Hazardous water disposal activities; k) Weather (daily minimum and maximum temperatures and daily rainfall).
The Contractor shall submit the site log book weekly to the SKAO Site Manager. The site logbook shall be kept in English.
13.3 Project Limits, Working Areas of the Contractor & damage to services or property
The Contractor shall operate within the confines of the Site and in particular, to the confines defined in each Servitude Agreement with landowners in the 3 spiral arms. The SKAO Environmental Manager will compile a photographic record of the SKA1_MID construction footprint area to show the state of the environment on the development Site before, during and after rehabilitation activities have been undertaken.
Any damages for claims and associated damages by landowners or members of the public will be evaluated by the SKAO Host Country Execution Manager and SARAO Land & Institutional Governance Manager in consultation with the SARAO Stakeholder Manager and the SKAO Environmental Manager. Following consideration of the claim and associated damages, claims will be resolved and settled as soon as possible, or the reason for not accepting the claim communicated by the SKAO Host Country Execution Manager in writing to the claimant.
Construction will be undertaken within privately owned land (servitudes) where there are ongoing farming activities and other operations which shall not be hampered by the Contractor. Penalties will be imposed on the Contractor for the following transgressions:
1. Driving on virgin land at a cost of R1, 000/m2 2. Leaving gates open at a cost of R1,000 per incident or at the cost of lost property (i.e. sheep) due to gates left open 3. Damage to existing services or infrastructure at the cost specified by the affected landowner and verified by an SKAO representative investigating the claim.
Reference can be made to Section 16 which provides further information on access to existing facilities to undertake construction work.
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14 CONTRACTOR CONSTRUCTION CAMPS There is an existing Contractor Construction Camp as Losberg1. This Construction Camp with be upgraded by the SKA bulk civils and electrical contractor for SKA1_MID and a new Construction Camp will be established at the farm Bergsig. The Losberg Construction Camp is approximately 2km from the SKA Site Complex and 5km from the SKA Core. The Bergsig Construction Camp1 is approximately 15km from the SKA Site Complex. Access from the Bergsig Construction Camp to the SKA Site Complex is via a tarred road and access from the Losberg Construction Camp via a gravel road. 1These two Construction Camps form part of the SKA1 design baseline. As a result of the close proximity of these two camps to the MeerKAT radio telescope, their location has been raised as very high risk to the telescope and need to be relocated. The deployment baseline will include further information on the final Construction Camp location prior to the start of construction. 14.1 Location
Contractors will be allocated a camp site at either the Losberg Construction Camp (infrastructure contractors) or the Bergsig Construction Camp (all other Contractors). Reference can be made to Section 4.2 which provides the coordinates and Figure 3 which indicates both locations.
14.2 Bulk Services
14.2.1 Stormwater Management Plan
As part of the submission of the SKA1_MID integrated water and use licence applications (Refer to Section 21 of this document) and to address a requirement stipulated in the Environmental management programme (EMPr) of the Integrated Environmental Management Plan (IEMP) – [AD8] a Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP) and a Water Balance study was conducted for the Site. Within this document the construction phase of the project refers to the construction of the antennas and additional infrastructure (i.e. road and road maintenance) and the operations phase refers to the operations of the two construction camps. This differs from the general reference to the construction and operational phases of SKA1_MID as both the phased in the SWMP will form part of project construction phase.
The objectives/goals relating to the Stormwater Management Plan are to: • Ensure at all times the effective separation of clean and dirty water and the protection of clean water; • Ensure that dirty water footprints are reduced to the smallest possible catchment size; • Implement a storm water management plan on Site based on best practice principles; • Ensure effective maintenance of all stormwater structures and infrastructure; and • Contain and re-use of dirty water in the process.
Storm water management will comprise of the following, and the following actions will need to be implemented by the contractor for SKA1_MID: • Regular monitoring of surface water quality; and • Regular monitoring and maintenance of stormwater control structures.
Stormwater infrastructure
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As part of the identification and design of the stormwater management infrastructure, discharge points were carefully considered to prevent concentration of storm peak flows in order to avoid erosion. Within the core area and spiral arms different drift types were designed at road crossings based on sub-catchments delineated along the roads, peak flow generation within these sub- catchments and the natural topography of the area (for further information on the drift details and positions refer to the Stormwater Management Plan [RD5] – Appendix D and E). The drift stormwater management technique is used to help ensure that there is no damming or impact from runoff within the core area. In addition, within the core area, two berms (one south of the core and the other to the east of the core) will be placed based on calculations based on runoff generation from the two large upstream catchments within the core area. No additional stormwater infrastructure will be required along the spiral areas given that the dishes are located further apart from each other than in the core area.
The Losberg construction camp currently has three (3) upstream catchments that should be diverted around the camp. When the camp is expanded as part of SKA1_MID, the current stormwater management measured would need to be updated. Currently there is a large berm south of the camp that diverts runoff into a channel around the camp (on the eastern side). The extension of this channel and berm structure is proposed. In addition, there is a small catchment (LS1) from which runoff will be diverted around the camp to the west. The Bergsig construction camp has two small upstream catchments (north). The runoff from these catchments must be diverted around the camp with two trapezoidal channels (refer to Figure 5.4 in the SWMP).
For the sizing of drainage infrastructure in the construction camps and the berms in the core area the South African Road Class 4/5 was used, and the design was based on a 24-hour 1:10 year return period using the SCS-SA method to create a flood hydrograph for each sub-catchment. In addition, at each construction camp, the upstream catchment diversions were designed on a 24-hour 1:50 year return period. Both proposed construction camps (Losberg expansion and Bergsig) are considered as clean water areas apart from the wash-bays and fuel storage areas which are considered dirty water areas. Water and runoff from the wash bays will be collected via channels into an oil trap. This water will be pumped to the wastewater treatment plant where it can be reused. The fuel storage areas will be bunded to ensure that no runoff is released. Runoff from the construction camp will be captured in natural trapezoidal channels and released in the nearest drainage path via release points.
Water balances The water Process Flow Diagram (PFD) for the construction phase of SKA1_MID (construction of the antennas and additional infrastructure (i.e. road and road maintenance)) is shown in Figure 47 (For further information on how water flow is summarised for the construction phase refer to section 6.2.1 of the SWMP). For the construction phase of SKA1_MID the water balance results showed that on average, a daily total of 282.15m3 (282150ℓ) of water will be required for construction purposes. On a monthly scale, assuming 25 days of construction (plus 20% safety factor), a total of 8052m3 of water will be required, which converts to an annual estimate of 96967m3. This amount is within the licensed quantity stipulated in the issued Integrated Water Use Licenses for the project (The results of the average daily and average monthly water balance can be found in Annexure H of the SWMP).
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Figure 47: Water Process Flow Diagram during the construction phase of the project
The water Process Flow Diagram (PFD) for the Losberg and Bergsig construction camps is shown in Figure 48 (For further information on how water flow is summarised for the operation phase of the construction camps refer to section 6.2.2 of the SWMP). The Losberg and Bergsig camps will require a total volume of 59.8m3 (59800ℓ) and 36.4m3 (36400ℓ) of raw water from boreholes per day, respectively. The total available water for reuse was estimated at 85.98m3 for both camps and therefore does not meet the overall water required for the construction camp operations. An additional 64.02m3/day (64020) of water is required to supplement the overall demands for road maintenance. Due to the location of the camps in relation to the construction areas it will also not always be feasible to cart water to the points of construction. Thus water quantity will need to be sourced from groundwater with an annual volume of 21506m3.
The annual overall water required for the operation of Losberg and Bergsig construction camps is estimated at 21528m3 and 13104m3, respectively. Overflow to the evaporation dams (into conservancy tanks) will only occur in the event of reduced water demands for road maintenance. A total volume of 30952m3 of water will be available for re-use from the conservancy tanks. This volume does not meet the overall demands for road maintenance, estimated to be 150m3/day. To meet water demands for road maintenance, an additional 23 047m3/yr of make-up water will be required to supplement the demand for both camps (The results of the average daily and average monthly water balance can be found in Annexure H of the SWMP).
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Figure 48: Water Flow Process Diagram for the Construction Camps
Recommendations based on the SWMP that Contractors must uphold: • Where flow velocities are high gabion structures should be placed to reduce the flow velocity. • If required, erosion protection measures should be implemented at release points into the environment. • Channels should be monitored on a weekly basis to ensure that there are no blockages or obstruction, and cleaned when necessary. • Stormwater should be managed correctly on batch plants and quarry areas by placing berms around stockpiles and ensuring no stormwater from the batch plants enters the environment. • For the antennas on spiral arms, mobile batching plants will be used and aggregate will be transported to these locations. The contractor should ensure that there is no runoff from these mobile plants into the environment. • All runoff from workshop areas need to be captured in an oil separator before being dispatched to the wastewater treatment system. • A detailed breakdown of water requirements for road maintenance during the operational phase must be obtained. This will allow for evaluation of potential options that can lead to the reduction of the overall water demands. • The grey water/reused water systems at the construction camps need to be designed according to relevant standards. • Flows at the construction camps and at water abstraction points should be measured for annual audit purposes to identify possible water leakages.
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14.2.2 Water Connection
A bulk reticulation layout is provided for each Construction Camp which the Contractors will develop further to show connections at various locations based on a particular layout for each construction camp. It will be the responsibility of the Contractor to determine the specific point/s of connection to the bulk services. Water consumption by the site personnel has been included under water consumed at the construction camps.
Water from the storage tanks will be used for two domestic purposes; 1) drinking/cooking and 2) washing, thus two different treatment methodologies will be implemented. Water used for drinking and cooking will be chlorinated and treated by reverse osmosis and the water used for washing will only be chlorinated, as per recommendations in the geohydrological report. As a results, two types of bulk reticulation will be constructed; 1) Chlorinated water and 2) Purified Water. About twenty five percent (25%) of the allocated 130l/c/day will be purified and the remaining seventy five percent (75%) chlorinated.
For both Construction Camps, both types of reticulation, booster pumps and pressure vessels (bladder tanks) will be installed downstream of the storage tanks and the water treatment facilities to provide sufficient pressure to the construction camp. The pressure vessels will ensure that "hunting" (rapid on-off cycling) of the pumps does not occur when rapid draw-off suddenly and characteristically reduces line pressures. Backup power will be provided to the booster pumps by portable diesel generators in case of power failure. In an effort to optimise the use of water within the site, water conservancy tanks will be installed downstream of the wastewater treatment facilities.
Allowance for all costs in connection with the supply and treatment of water for domestic purposes shall be made in the rates tendered in the Bill of Quantities.
14.2.3 Sewer Connection
The existing sewer system at the Losberg Construction Camp comprises of a bulk sewer network that discharges into a sump with a pump that pumps the sewer into a package treatment plant. The treated effluent thereafter gravitates into a lined evaporation pond. The existing system at the Losberg Construction Camp will be expanded and there will be provision of new infrastructure to the Bergsig Construction Camp. All treatment facilities will have water conservancy tanks installed upstream of the evaporation pond to conserve as much water as possible.
Both Construction Camps sewer system and treatment facilities will comprise of the following elements:
• Bulk gravity pipelines • Collection/peak buffering sump (receiving wastewater from the gravity sewer line) • Packaged plant (receiving wastewater pumped at a relatively constant flow rate from the collection/buffering sump) • Conservancy tank
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• Evaporation pond (will receive and evapo-transpirate overflow treated wastewater) • Sludge collection/treatment unit (sludge stabilised and/or collected for disposal)
Bulk sewer lines will be installed within the Construction Camps with sufficient manholes as shown on the drawings in appendix I to allow the Contractor to connect the camps ablution and other facilities. The bulk reticulation and the connections, which may be modified with approval of the SKAO will be based on the layout of each Construction Camp.
The wastewater flow will gravitate to an outfall sump which is a collection/peak buffering unit, smoothing out incoming peak discharges before being pumped at a relatively constant rate to the wastewater package treatment plant. Backup electrical supply will be provided to the pumps by means of portable diesel generators in the event of power failure.
New package treatment plants will be installed at the Swartfontein and Bergsig construction camps while the existing package plant at Losberg will be replaced with two new plants. A waste management license will be required for each package treatment plant.
Similar to the water reticulation, bulk sewer lines will be installed around the construction camps, with sufficient manholes to allow the contractor to connect the areas being serviced.
Portable ablution facilities in the spiral arms will be provided by the contractors, in compliance with the Environmental Management Plan compiled by the Contractors and approved by the SKAO.
Allowance for all costs in connection with the treatment of waste for domestic purposes shall be made in the rates tendered in the Bill of Quantities.
14.2.4 Electricity
The bulk electrical supply to the Construction Camps will be provided by the Infrastructure Contractor. All Contractors must make their own arrangements to supply their camp from the bulk power supply. Electrical Certificates of Compliance (COCs) must be issued by each Contractor to the SKAO Site Manager. No guarantee can be given that electricity will be available at all times as unavoidable electricity cuts may occur, thus Contractors shall make their own arrangements for their electrical supply at this time. Diesel generators will provide back-up power to the water and waste treatment plants.
Allowance for all costs in connecting into the bulk supply, and for all metering, distribution and all switching for the supply of electricity for construction and domestic purposes (including power usage costs) shall be included in the rates in the Bill of Quantities.
14.3 Housing & Ablutions
Contractors are responsible for erecting their own temporary housing units (“porta-cabins”) and shall arrange for fencing and security their allocated camp area.
General Living Facilities: Contractors must ensure there is a good standard of living facilities to avoid
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safety hazards and to protect workesr from diseases and illness and to maintain personal dignity and morale. Living conditions for workers should be clean, safe and, at a minimum, meet the basic needs of workers.
14.3.1 Living Facilities
Facilities in general must include the following:
(a) Visible evidence of sufficient insulation and ventilation at worker living facilities (b) There are windows and doors in the living facility (c) Windows and doors are in a good state of repair and can open to allow air into the facility and can close properly to protect residents from the cold. (d) Windows in living facilities provide sufficient natural lighting. (e) There is artificial lighting provided in living facilities and all sources of this lighting is in good working condition. (f) Emergency lighting is provided and is in good working condition. (g) There is an adequate supply of free potable water always available to workers at their living facilities. International guidelines: A minimum of 80 litres per person per day. (h) Drinking water at living facilities meets the South African National Standard for drinking water and recent results of water testing are available. (i) There is visible proof that all tanks used for the storage of drinking water are constructed and adequately covered to prevent water stored from becoming polluted or contaminated. (j) Disused chemical containers are not used at living facilities to store, collect or disperse water intended for human consumption – ie drinking, cooking or washing (k) Waste water, sewage, food and other waste materials are adequately discharged in compliance with SANS 10400: Part P and with no significant impacts on residents, the biophysical environment or surrounding communities (l) There is adequate rubbish containers for rubbish collection at living facilities and these are emptied on a regular basis. (Best Practice: Rubbish containers are located 30 metres from each living facility on a wooden, metal or concrete stand) (m) There are adequate measures in place for protection from disease-carrying insects and animals. There is evidence that pest extermination and disinfection is carried out at living facilities at least every three months 14.3.2 Housing Units
(a) Housing units should be constructed from timber, fibre-cement or other approved materials with a clear height of 2.4m from floor to ceiling (b) The building shall have double walls filled with insulated material and lined on the inside, and ceiling; (c) The floors will be made of timber or concrete floors with vinyl (d) A fire extinguisher of 9kg dry power for every 24m2 of floor space shall be provided (e) All housing units shall have a valid Certificate of Compliance (CoC) for the full duration of the Contract, and it is the Contractors responsibility to ensure that the housing units are maintained for the full duration of the Contrct, thus operating at the required level of service (f) The rooms are aired and cleaned on a regular basis Document No.: SKA-TEL-SKO-0001040 Author: T Cheetham Revision: A Page 131 of 239 Date: 2019-09-13
(g) The rooms are built with easily cleanable flooring material (h) All doors and windows are lockable (i) There are separate rooms for males and females (j) A lockable 10m2 unit for each worker comprising of a single bed, lockable steel locker (2m3) with shelfs and hanging space, bed side chest with a minimum surface area of at least 0.75m2, a table & chair, heating and cooling unit, power supply point and electrical lighting.
14.3.3 Ablution Facilities
(a) The number of toilets provided at living facilities is in accordance with the SANS requirement – 2 toilets per 8 people which are attached anda ccessible from the housing units (b) The facility shall have a well ventilated latrine section with WC pan, PVC seat and cover, wash basin and mirror, and another section containing a shower and a wall basin, all complete with the necessary running hot and cold water, taps, drains and sewerage (c) Toilet facilities are provided at living facilities and there is visible evidence that they are: • Adequately ventilated – there are windows or other acceptable means of ventilation in the toilet • Cleaned on a regular basis • Separated according to sex – there are separated toilets for men and women (d) Designed to provide workers with adequate privacy, including floor to ceiling partitions and lockable doors (e) There number of shower / bathroom facilities is in accordance with the SANS requirement – there is 1 bath / shower per 8 people living in the facility. (f) There is visible evidence that shower / bath facilities are • clean and hygienic • separated by gender • equipped with hot and cold running water
14.3.4 Cooking/Common Area Facilities
(a) In cases where workers cook their own food, cooking space is provided separate from the sleeping areas in the living facility. (b) The cooking area must include cooking equipment (only electrical stoves shall be provided, unless otherwise approved), fridges, freezers, pantry, cupboards, scullery all in working order (c) Dining area with chairs and tables (d) TV room (e) Facilities to be provided with necessary basins, taps, drains, sewerage, hot and cold water (f) Cooking facilities provided are hygienic and in a clean condition: • There is adequate ventilation • Vermin-proof storage space is provided • Food is stored at least 18 inches off the floor • The cooking area is cleaned regularly
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14.3.5 Laundry Facilities
(a) There are separate facilities for workers to wash both work and non-work related clothes (b) Equipment to undertake washing, wash hand basins and hanging lines outside
14.3.6 Medical Facilities
(a) There are an adequate number of fully stocked first aid kits available at the living facilities in accordance with General Safety Regulations – 1993 (c) The first aid kits are accessible: • They are in a clearly demarcated area of the living facility – there is visible signage indicating the location of the first aid kits (d) There are trained and appointed first aiders for the living facility: • There is at least 1 trained first aider per 50 residents • First aiders at living facilities have received training in first aid and there are valid certificates to verify this • Residents are aware of who the first aiders are • The names of the first aiders are displayed in the living facility
14.4 Offices, Laboratories, Stores, Workshops, Security
Contractors will be allocated an area within the Construction Camps to erect offices, boardrooms, laboratories and storage facilities for material and equipment. The Contractor shall arrange for his own fencing and security of the camp. No materials shall be stored, plant parked or buildings erected outside the demarcated area. All laboratories must be approved by the South African National Accreditation System (SANAS). 14.5 Communication
Construction Camps will be provided with fibre connectivity. Contractors will be responsible for providing their own Local Area Network (LAN) from the fibre backbone to their camp.
Allowance must be made for all costs in the provision to provide localised LAN networks to camps as well as data usage costs. Reference can be made to Section 19 of this document which provides further information on handheld and mobile radio devices which will be used by all Contractors.
14.6 Maintenance
The Infrastructure Contractor will be responsible for the maintenance of water, waste and electrical fittings at both Construction Camps for the duration of construction. Individual Contractors will be responsible for the maintenance of their allocated areas for their duration of their Contract.
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14.7 Parking
The Infrastructure Contractor will indicate parking layouts at the Construction Camps as part of the design verification process and prior to construction.
14.8 Rehabilitation / remedial work
Upon completion of construction, Contractors will remove all plant, equipment and other resources used for the proejct and not incorporated into the works, and shall rehabilitate the site facility areas to conditions they were found or better. The Infrastructure Contractor will undertake the overall decommissioning and rehabilitation of both Construction Camps upon completion of construction. 14.9 Waste Management
Contractors shall remove all rubbish from their camps to the registered municipal dump site in Carnarvon. Contractors must allow for the transport and removal of rubbish as part of their rates in their Bills of Quantities. Contractors must comply with the waste management requirements defined in Chapter 5 of the IEMP [AD9] and described in Annexure C of this document.
14.10 Access to Contractor’s Facilities & Inspections
Contractors shall allow access to their facilities for the purpose of inspections and audits by the SKAO or its representatives. Inspections and audits will include compliance to: • The rules defined in this document • Radio frequency interference testing if there are sources of interference. Should there be sources of interference; Contractors will be required to remove the interference through mitigation measures provided by the SARAO RFI team. • Any other construction license requirements which need to be complied with
15 SITE BULK INFRASTRUCTURE 15.1 Water
Reference can be made to Section 21.1 regarding access to water. The SKAO will not be held responsible if there is insufficient availability of water on Site.
Contractors shall, at their own expense, be responsible for obtaining and distributing all water as may be required for the purposes of executing the Contract, including water for both construction purposes and domestic use, as well as for making all arrangements in connection therewith. The Contractor shall further, at his own expense, be responsible for providing all necessaries for procuring, storing, transporting and applying water required for the execution of the Contract, including but not limited to all piping, valves, tanks, pumps, meters and other plant and equipment, as well as for all work and superintendence associated therewith.
The sources of all water utilised for the purposes of the Contract shall be subject to the prior approval of the SKAO and SARAO, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld. Document No.: SKA-TEL-SKO-0001040 Author: T Cheetham Revision: A Page 134 of 239 Date: 2019-09-13
The Contractor shall comply with all prevailing legislation in respect of drawing water from natural and other sources and shall, when required by the SKAO and SARAO, produce proof of such compliance. The distribution of water shall be carried out by the Contractor strictly in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations. SARAO (NRF) is applying on behalf of the SKAO for water-use licenses for the abstraction and treatment of water. Should these licenses be approved by the Department of Water & Sanitation, they will be made available to Contractors (refer to Section 21.1 for further information on the Integrated Water & Waste Management licenses).
All water provided by the Contractor for construction purposes shall be clean, free from undesirable concentrations of deleterious salts and other materials and shall comply with any further relevant specifications of the Contract. The Contractor shall produce test results demonstrating such compliance. Water provided by the Contractor for human consumption shall be healthy and potable to the satisfaction of the health authorities in the area of the Site.
No separate payment will be made to the Contractor for the obtainment, distribution and consumption of water, the costs of which will be deemed to be included in the Contractor’s tendered rates. Table 19 describes the water classification for construction testing.
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Table 19: Water Classification for construction testing
15.2 Electric Power & Temporary Power during Construction
Contractors must familiarise themselves with the current grid power available on Site. Contractors are responsible for ensuring the provision of temporary power (through generator) for their respective scope of work where no grid power is available on Site. Scheduled grid power outages will also take place when the SKA1 power network is expanded and commissioned. Reference can be made to the SKA1 Power Ramp Up Plan [RD8] and the SKA1_MID Integrated Construction Schedule [RD9] to understand the extent and timing of such grid power outages.
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The distribution of electricity shall be carried out by the Contractor strictly in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations.
No separate payment will be made to the Contractor for the obtainment, distribution and consumption of electricity, the costs of which will be deemed to be in the Contractor’s tendered rates and prices.
15.3 Temporary Sanitary Facilities
Contractors shall, at each construction section, provide sufficient portable chemical latrine units. The latrine units shall be serviced daily and kept in a hygienic and orderly state to the approval of the SKAO Site Manager.
16 ACCESS TO EXISTING FACILITIES, SERVICES, ACCOMMODATION & PROTECTION Contractors shall familiarise themselves with all the existing services on the Site and shall determine the use of these services for the works, domestic and other project-related purposes. All known existing services shall be issued in the form of as-built information to the Contractor by the SKAO, which Contractors must verify prior to the commencement of construction. The accuracy and completeness of existing service information shown on as-built or design drawings have not been confirmed. Contractors will therefore be required to undertake the necessary physical verification and to proceed with caution in order to avoid any damage to existing services. The SARAO Site Manager or his representative will physically show all existing services to Contractors (but not held liable for information provided).
The Infrastructure Contractor responsible for roads, civil, electrical and structural works will be required to physically mark out as-built infrastructure on the Site through above-ground cables to demarcate routing. Any damage to existing infrastructure or services will be for the account of the Contractor.
Contractors shall not commence work in any area until proper arrangements have been made with SARAO and the SKAO for the supervision of work by the relevant authority. After the Site has been handed over, the Contractor shall have the contact numbers of the SARAO and SKAO Site Manager prominently displayed in Contractors’site offices, preferably near the telephone or radio as part of site establishment.
Contractors will require access to existing facilities and infrastructure on the Site to undertake their work. Further information is provided in the section below:
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16.1 Access to the Central Processing Facility (CPF)
The CPF is located at the SKA Site Complex and is co-located with the Power Facility. The CPF consists of the shielded Data Rack Area; Control Room; Maser Room; HVAC service passage and Optic Distribution Fibre (ODF) room (Figure 49).
The MeerKAT Correlator and Beamformer, Science Data Processor and guest instrument equipment is located within the Data Rack Area and is operational day and night.
The Infrastructure Contractor will require access to the CPF to upgrade the electrical, HVAC, BMS and fibre within the facility. The Infrastructure Contractor will provide a Method Statement of how, when and where the work will be undertaken for the upgrade work. This Method Statement must be approved by the SKAO in conjunction with SARAO prior to any site establishment taking place.
Access will be followed by SaDT, CSP, SDP, TM to install other equipment which includes new MeerKAT masers, racks, hardware etc. Method Statements will be required from these Contractors which must be approved by the SKAO in conjunction with SARAO prior to any site establishment taking place.
Method Statements for Contractors must include: (i) Duration of Construction (ii) Location of Work to be undertaken (iii) Battery Limits for extent of work to be undertaken (iv) Access to existing infrastructure and power required (where available and possible) (v) Number of people working in the Facility (vi) Description of temporary protection being provided to the facility and existing infrastructure
SARAO Principles in terms of Access to the CPF: (i) SARAO Data Centre Manager or his designate will be present and monitor all construction work in the CPF; (ii) SARAO Electrical Technician will be present when all electrical work is undertaken in the CPF (iii) CoCs to be issued to SARAO as construction is rolled out and Contracts concluded (prior to MeerKAT infrastructure being handed over to the SKAO) (iv) RFI-shielded doors will be kept closed during construction to maintain the thermal stability of the Data Rack Area and Contractors must make provision for adequate temporary protection of shielding and infrastructure.
SARAO Principles in terms of Access to the Maser Room
The MeerKAT hydrogen masers are located in the Maser Room which is located within the shielded Data Rack Area. These masers are highly sensitive to Electrostatic Discharge (ESD). A technical solution is being addressed by SARAO to minimize ESD in the Data Rack Area, however for now, Contractors will be required to:
(i) Wear ESD heel and wrist straps at all times when inside the facility. Disposable and re-usable heel straps are available inside the Data Rack Area. Contractors must wear heel straps on BOTH feet to ensure optimal ESD protection. Instructions on how to properly fit the heel straps are posted on the wall of the Data Rack Area;
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(ii) Perform testing on the ESD heel and wrist straps immediately after fitting them and periodically throughout the time that Contractors are working in the Maser Room. The test will verify that the ESD straps have been properly fitted and are working. The testing station is located on the right hand wall when entering the Data Rack Area. Instructions on how to perform the test are posted on the wall above the tester; (iii) The Maser Room doors must be kept closed at all times. Contractors must ensure that they optimise the time required in the Maser Room to minimise interference to the MeerKAT Masers.
16.2 Access to the Power Facility
Contractors will require access to the Power Facility to undertake the upgrade to the bulk power and back-up system for Site (Figure 49).
Method Statements will be required from these Contractors which must be approved by the SKAO in conjunction with SARAO prior to any site establishment taking place.
Method Statements for Contractors must include: (i) Duration of Construction (ii) Location of Work to be undertaken (iii) Battery Limits for extent of work to be undertaken (iv) Installation methodology (removal of ISO walls, lifting of equipment with cranes, installation procedure etc.) (v) Access to existing infrastructure and power required (where available and possible) (vi) Number and description of authorised people working in the Facility (vii) Description of temporary protection being provided to the facility and existing infrastructure
SARAO Principles in terms of Access to the CPF: (i) SARAO Electrical Technician will be present and monitor all construction work in the Power Facility for the duration of the work; (ii) CoCs to be issued to SARAO as construction is rolled out and Contract concluded (prior to MeerKAT infrastructure being handed over to the SKAO); (iii) The Power Facility doors will remain closed during construction.
16.3 Access to the Dish Shed and Pedestal Integration Shed
The Dish Contractor will require access to the Dish Shed and Pedestal Integration Shed which are both located at the SKA Site Complex. This includes access to the Stores and Offices.
SARAO will provide the access for the duration of construction afterwhich the facilities will be retained by the SKA for maintenance of the SKA radio telescope.
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The following SARAO Principles apply: (i) The Dish Contractor must comply with all SARAO RFI policies; (ii) No WIFI to be used (access to data connectivity via SARAO Network); (iii) Primary and back-up power provided to facility – power usage costs to be covered by the Contractor (billed by SARAO); (iv) No use of VSAT located in office unless in the case of an emergency (v) Dish Contractor will be required to keep the facility clean during construction; (vi) SARAO will undertake adhoc inspections of the facility during construction to ensure compliance to all SARAO Policies
Figure 49: SKA Site Complex
16.4 Access to Roads & Power
Contractors must familiarize themselves with the SKA1_MID Integrated Construction Schedule [RD9] to verify when access roads and power will become available on Site. Should there be Contractor constraints related to this access, Contractors must notify the SKAO during the design verification process (after Contract award).
17 LAY-DOWN AREAS, STOCKPILING, BATCHING PLANTS, EQUIPMENT CLEANING AREAS 17.1 Lay-Down Areas & Stockpiling
Lay-Down Areas will be determined in conjunction with Contractors and the SKAO during the design verification stage (prior to commencement of construction).
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The Dish Contractor will be required to provide further information on the dish deployment strategy, which includes: (i) the anticipated number and size of standard shipping containers which will be shipped to Site for the duration of construction; (ii) time required for unpacking containers and removal from Site; (iii) area required for temporary storage of containers in close proximity to the SKA Site Complex and at each antenna position in the 3 spiral arms.
Stockpiling of other hardware or equipment will be agreed to between Contractors and the SKAO prior to commencement of construction.
17.2 Concrete batching plants
Concrete batching plants will be located adjacent to a water source (borehole). As these activities (hardware for water pumps etc.) cause radio frequency interference, the necessary propogation modelling will be undertaken by SARAO in consultation with the SKAO to determine the most suitable location for the concrete batching plants prior to construction.
17.3 Equipment Cleaning Areas
Provision has been made at the Losberg and Bergsig Construction Camps for equipment cleaning areas. The cleaning of vehicles and equipment must be undertaken in compliance with Chapter 5 of the IEMP [AD9] and described in Annexure C of this document.
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18 SECURITY 18.1 Physical Site Security
SARAO is responsible for the provision of security on the Site. There are currently five security guardhuts located at: (i) Klerefontein Support Base (EOC); (ii) Meysdam (provincial road), (iii) Boundary of the Losberg farm on provincial road (iv) Two security guardhuts at the SKA Site Complex (entrance to SKA Site Complex and exit to MeerKAT and SKA core).
Four new security guardhuts will be added as part of Early Construction Works for the SKA. The position of these security control points are illustrated in Figure 50.
As indicated in Figure 50, the land is owned by the NRF. Provincial and district (public) access roads transverse the NRF-owned land which cannot be closed to the local famers traveling in the area.
To ensure proper access control to the Site, specific access control points have been identified based on entry/exit points to and from the NRF-owned land.
The security access control point coordinates are indicated in Table 20. The implementation of this access control will facilite the management of vehicles entering and exiting the Site.
Table 20: Security Access Control Point Coordinates for the SKA
Access Control X_cord Y_cord Point 1 21.3283844000 -30.5257720000 2 21.5783659600 -30.6926045000 3 21.2977199800 -30.7766276000 4 21.3529177400 -30.8414684000
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Figure 50: Security Access Control Points where SKA security guardhuts will be located
Servitudes will be secured on 72 farms in the 3 spiral arms for the establishment of SKA1_MID infrastructure]. The width and size of the servitudes is indicated in Section 4.2 of this document.
Security perimeter fencing will be provided by the SKA Infrastructure Contractor for the following products: • 21 SKA1_MID Antenna Base Stations • 4 SaDT Fibre Repeater Stations • 3 SKA1_MID Weather Monitoring Stations
Contractors must familiarise themselves with the SKA1_MID Integrated Construction Schedule [RD9] to confirm the dates when this security infrastructure will be deployed.
SARAO Security personnel are responsible for controlling (recording via register) everyone accessing the Site. They are also responsible for undertaking alcohol and drug testing at security access control points (Refer to Section 8.1.13.4 of this document – Alcohol and Drug Testing requirements). Contractors cannot interfere with the duties and responsibilities of SARAO security personnel.
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18.2 National Key Point requirements
The SKA Site Complex has been declared a National Key Point (NKP) in terms of the National Key Point Act, Act 102 of 1980. The National Key Point registration number is 0134700.
A Joint Planning Coordinating Committee (JPCC) has been established in terms of the relevant legislation and is chaired by the National Department Higher Education, Science and Innovation and comprises of the following security departments: a. South African Police Service (SAPS); • Local Police Station Commander • Provincial National Key Point Command • Provincial Crime Intelligence b. State Security Agency (SSA); c. Department of Higher Education, Science and Innovation (DSI); d. South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO); e. District services including Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Traffic Control and Disaster management.
A Security Management Plan has been developed for the Site based on the requirements prescribed by the South African Police Service Strategic Installations Division. SARAO is continuing discussions with the SAPS Key Points Division to find a balance between the security requirements as stated in the National Key Point Act and to ensure compliance with the requirement for Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) for the Site.
The following South African legislation is used during the execution of duties by SARAO Security Officers. • National Key Point Act (Act 102 of 1980) and NKP Regulations • Criminal Procedure Act (Act 51 of 1977) • Control of Access to Public Premises and Vehicles Act (Act 53 of 1985)
The South African Police Service has an operation station in Carnarvon. Due to the strategic importance of the SARAO facilities, the Carnarvon SAPS conducts regular visits to the Site and facilities to confirm that no incidents have occurred and / or to assist with any security-related matters. SARAO and the SAPS have a good working relationship and consequently any security-related matters that necessitate support from SAPS are addressed speedily and efficiently.
18.3 Roles & Responsibilities
18.3.1 SARAO Chief Security Officer
• Co-ordinate and integrate all security-related matters for the Site • Co-ordinate and Submit monthly/quarterly reports to South African Police Service (SAPS) • Ongoing liaison with local SAPS
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18.3.2 Security Coordinator
• Integrate all security related matters for Site • Compile Weekly/monthly/quarterly report of incidents on Site • Daily/weekly inspection of Site access control security services • Coordination with local SAPS in relation to security aspects • Mobilize response to security incidents • Monthly inspection of NKP security service provider compliance re training and equipment compliance
18.3.3 External Security Provider
• SARAO utilises an external service provider to render security services on the Site. • The appointed service provider is required to be a registered security service provider with Private Security Industry Regulatory Authority (PSIRA) • The service provider is also required to be a registered NKP service provider with the South African Police Service • A two shift system of 12 hours each (24 hour security) is currently implemented with deployment of qualified security guards per shift (day and night) at the following stipulated points: o Guardhouse at Klerefontein (Support Base) o Guardhouse 1 Site Complex Central Processing Facility o Guardhouse 2 Site Complex Central Processing Facility o Access Boom gate Meys Dam Farm o Access Boom gate Groot Paardekloof Farm. o Access Boom gate Swartfontein Farm o Access Boom gate Lovedale Farm • The Number of deployed guards are determined by the NKP Joint Planning Committee
18.3.3.1 Duties of External Security Provider
• Ensure access and egress control to Site • Ensure that the provided register is duly completed by all individuals entering and exiting the Site • All persons accessing or exiting Site must wear the issued Visitor/staff identification card, in a clear and visible manner on his/her person • Report any non-compliance of individuals during entry or exit to the Security Provider control room and recording details of the non-compliance in the relevant register. Security control room office to report incidence to the SARAO Chief Security Officer.
18.4 Baggage Checks / People Searches
All vehicles and baggage may be searched to ensure that no unauthorised equipment enter of leave the Site. In terms of the Section 20 and 23 of the South African Criminal Procedure Act (Act 51 of 1977), security guards appointed to a designated National Key Point may execute searches of vehicles and persons to designated facilities if required in terms of the risk and threat assessment of the facility. The SARAO Document No.: SKA-TEL-SKO-0001040 Author: T Cheetham Revision: A Page 145 of 239 Date: 2019-09-13
Site Manager / SARAO Chief Security Officer may instruct security guards to execute such searches as may be required of vehicles to detect any illegal goods, materials etc. entering or exiting the Site.
18.5 Valuables
Lockable electronic safes are provided at the Security Control Point at Klerefontein Support Base and at the Security Control Point at the SKA Site Complex. Any person visiting the Site with electronic equipment such as laptops, cell phones, tablets, smartwatches etc, will be required to switch of the equipment and lock it in the custody area for the duration of their stay on Site.
A safe custody facility is available to full time staff at the Security Control Point Klerefontein Support Base to secure electronic equipment prior to departure to the Site. Full time staff will not be allowed to use the secure facility at the Central Processing Facility as facilities will be reserved for Visitors to Site.
SARAO or the SKAO will not take any responsibility for the loss of or damage to equipment or valuables on Site.
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19 COMMUNICATION DEVICES
The Mobile Radio System (MRS) is being deployed as part of Early Works for SKA1. The MRS consists of vehicle mounted-, handheld- and base station radios that communicate via a network of repeaters. Remote consoles are also provided for communications with the various operations rooms. The carrier frequency for the new MRS will be in the VHF Low Band, between 30 – 50 MHz
The operational activities in the SKA area require the availability of an efficient MRS. Such a system is required for reasons of safety, maintenance, infrastructure operations and logistics.
Contractors will be provided with handheld and vehicle low frequency radio communication devices that do not cause interference with radio telescopes on Site. These units, for which quantities are to be determined by Contractors in the tendering phase, will be issued by the SKAO as part of the Site induction.
These radio communication devices will provide coverage for the majority of the Site.
Communication via cell phone on Site is not allowed. Contractors will be required to communicate on site via radio only, in order to restrict radio frequency interference (RFI). The radios will only be available by the SKAO upon receipt of payment as per prices below. Handheld radio & charger – R14 600.00 per unit "Vehicle" fitted mobile radio & filter – R24 000.00 per unit
To facilitate the provision of the radios, the SKAO will require Contractors to indicate the number of units and duration that the Contractor will these devices.
Should the Contractor require additional devices, they will be available subject to a delivery period of approximately 8 weeks.
19.1 Operational Functionality
The DMR provides the following operational functionality:
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(i) The DMR provides a homogeneous network eliminating channel switching etc. (ii) GPS facilities for safety related work are inherent in radios. (iii) 2 Channel operation is possible on the same channel bandwidth, ie. double capacity. (iv) Sophisticated configuration possibilities, eg. grouping, priority calls, text messaging, inherent site telemetry, IP capability are built into DMR. (v) Digital FEC encoding provides better audio quality, particularly in fringe areas. (vi) Very similar facilities to a cellular network. (vii) Ease of breakout to external networks from central operations (EOC). (viii) Multiple geographically removed central control/ops centres and easy to implement. (ix) IP type data links are required between repeaters and from at least one repeater to an Ops Centre, eg. EOC. (x) A second IP linked Ops Centre would be simple to implement (at the SOC in Cape Town)
19.2 Operational Restrictions
Further to analysis and RFI zone allocations defined in Section 9.3 of this document, the following operational concept can be recommended, as defined in Table 21. It should be noted that the 40 MHz carrier frequency does not present a known threat to either the SKA Band 1-, or HERA receivers. The recommended safe distances in Table 21, are presented as a precautionary measure, to allow for possible unknown effects in the respective LNA’s.
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Table 21: Receivers and distances for MRS operation
Use Case Core- & Spiral Core- & Spiral HERA Receivers Klerefontein Support Antennas Antennas Base & surrounding (<= 50m radius) (50m + radius) areas
Emergency Use MRS as and Use MRS as and Use MRS as and Use MRS as and when Communication when required when required when required required during during emergency. during during emergency No restrictions emergency. emergency. No restrictions No restrictions No restrictions Security Use MRS only Use MRS as and Use MRS as and Use MRS as and when Communication during emergency. when required. when required. required No restrictions Stay outside 50m Stay outside No restrictions zone from 200m zone from antenna antenna if possible. Critical Use MRS as Use MRS as and Use MRS as and Use MRS as and when Communication required when required. when required. required (e.g. electrical Stay outside 50m Stay outside 50m Stay outside No restrictions switching) zone from antenna. zone from 200m zone from Avoid 100m zone if antenna antenna if possible possible. Standard Ops Minimum use of Use MRS as and Use MRS as and Use MRS as and when Communication MRS. Stay outside when required. when required. required (including 50m zone from Stay outside 50m Stay outside No restrictions Maintenance) antenna Use VOIP zone from 200m zone from phone closer in1 antenna. antenna if possible. Construction Use MRS as and Use MRS if Use MRS as and Use MRS as and when Communications when required required. when required. required during emergency. Stay outside 50m Stay outside No restrictions Otherwise stay zone. 200m zone from outside 50m zone. antenna if possible.
1The VOIP phones will be modified to reduce RFI and will include a fibre converter. A fibre connection point linked to the network switch inside the screened pedestals, must be provided at the outside of each MeerKAT SDC / SKA1 DISH SDC.
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20 NOTICES, SIGNS, ADVERTISEMENTS The extent of the Site is vast and may require work to be undertaken at various places at the same time. Contractors shall not erect any signs, notices or advertisements on or along the works or the Site without the written approval of the SKAO.
Contractors shall provide and erect at the start and end of their respective contracts, sign boards that are sound, weatherproof and painted, as approved by the SKAO prior installation. These signs are to be erected no later than two weeks prior to the Contractor being given access to the Site.
The SKAO or SARAO shall have the right to have any sign, notice or advertisement moved to a better position or to have it removed from Site if it is found to be in any way unsatisfactory, inconvenient or dangerous to the general public. All advertisments, notices and temporary signs shall be removed by the Contractor upon completion of their contract.
21 CONSTRUCTION LICENSES / PERMITS The Contractor will obtain all the necessary permits and licenses prior to the commencement of any activities requiring such a permit or license. Such permits and/or licenses may include the operation of abnormal vehicles on public roads; storage and handling of general and hazardous waste, abstraction of water and treatment of waste and the abstraction of mineral resources for the purposes of construction. Reference can be made to the IEMP [AD9] which lists possible permits/licenses required.
All permits and licenses will be checked by SKAO Site Manager, Health, Safety and Environmental teams.
21.1 Integrated Waste and Water Management Licenses
The NRF (SARAO) is currently in the process of drafting two Integrated Water and Waste Management Licence Applications on behalf of the SKAO (one for the NRF-owned land and the second for 3 Spiral Arms) for submission to the South African Department of Water and Sanitation in order to attain the necessary water use licences for the construction and operation of SKA1_MID. Without obtaining the prescribed water use licences for SKA1_MID construction cannot commence.
SARAO is in possession of water use licences for the MeerKAT portion of the project and Contractors will be required to uphold and comply with the requirements and conditions of these licences as well as those that arise from the current applications.
The main purpose of an integrated water use licence application (WULA) is to consolidate all the various site-specific activities such as storm water management, water reuse, water conservation, waste minimization and recycling into a simple implementable management plan. Currently the core farms application is the only one completed. As part of this application, the following water uses have been identified requiring authorisation in terms of Section 21 of the National Water Act (Act no. 36 of 1998):
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• Section 21(a) (Taking water from a water resource) – a total of 17 applications for the abstraction of water from boreholes. A total volume of 352 009m3/a is required for domestic and cleaning purposes. • Section 21(b) (Storing of water) – a total of 6 applications for the storing of raw water and borehole water in various sized tanks. This stored water will be used during the construction and operational phase. ● Section 21(c) (Impeding or diverting the flow of water in a watercourse) – a total of 319 crossings were identified that occur from roads, powerlines and fibre-optic cables, these will be applied for in 20 applications. ● Section 21(g) (Disposing of waste in a manner which may detrimentally impact on a water resource) – a total of 5 applications for dams for the overflow of wash bays and treated effluent water, as well as drying of treated sewage sludge at the construction camps. ● Section 21(i) (Altering the bed, banks, course or characteristics of a watercourse) – a total of 319 crossings were identified that occur from roads, powerlines and fibre-optic cables, these will be applied for in 20 applications.
The locality of the Section 21(a), (b), (c), (g) and (i) water uses to be licensed are provided in the Figure 51.
Figure 51: Location of water license applications on the NRF-owned land
Table 22 provides a list of the water borehole license applications underway on behalf of the SKAO. These licenses will be made available to Contractors; however they will need to cost compliance.
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Table 22: Water borehole license applications Coordinates Farm name Farm portion Borehole Latitude Longitude Groot Paarde Kloof RE74 GPK04 30˚46’46.4’’S 21˚23’12.4’’E Swartfontein RE496 SF05 30˚41’04.3’’S 21˚33’32.0’’E Swartfontein 496/1 SF13 30˚40’05.9’’S 21˚31’43.0’’E Blauuw Heuvel RE96 BLH04 30˚49’46.5’’S 21˚23’55.5’’E Los Berg RE73 WM03 30˚46’05.7’’S 21˚24’31.8’’E Los Berg RE73 WA BH 01 30˚45’17.4’’S 21˚25’48.5’’E Los Berg RE73 WA BH 04 30˚42’36.7’’S 21˚23’44.5’’E Los Berg RE73 WA BH 05 30˚42’34.2’’S 21˚23’42.3’’E Los Berg RE73 WA BH 07 30˚42’49.8’’S 21˚23’46.1’’E Los Berg RE73 WA BH 08 30˚42’51.9’’S 21˚23’43.9’’E Mey’s Dam RE68 MD06 30˚43’44.7’’S 21˚27’17.6’’E Mey’s Dam RE68 WM08 30˚43’43.2’’S 21˚27’21.0’’E Mey’s Dam RE68 WA BH X1 30˚42’35.0’’S 21˚28’15.4’’E Mey’s Dam RE68 SKA E5 30˚43’05.5’’S 21˚28’29.2’’E Mey’s Dam RE68 WA BH 06 30˚42’33.3’’S 21˚23’43.4’’E Mey’s Dam RE68 WA BH11 30˚43’35.1’’S 21˚27’29.4’’E De Hoek RE70 WK07 30˚41’27.3’’S 21˚12’03.8’’E
Water uses occur on the following farms within the SKA1_MID core (Refer to Table 22). All information contained in the Integrated Water & Waste Management Plan (IWWMP) was sourced from the following: • Specialist studies conducted for the project area which include: o GCS – Hydrogeological Investigation Report; o Limosella Consulting – DWS (2016) risk assessment: Overhead and underground infrastructure report; o Dr Casparus J. Crous - Ecological Sensitivity Assessment of terrestrial and aquatic environments; o GCS – Flood line assessment; and o GCS – Geotechnical investigation. • The IEMP prepared by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); and • The IWWMP for MeerKAT.
As part of the Water Use License Application (WULA) report the following potential impacts will have to be monitored and evaluated by the contractor (refer to section 5 of IWULA report for details on the impacts and mitigation measures): ● Impact of groundwater contamination during construction phase; ● Impact on groundwater depletion during construction and operational phase; ● Changes in water flow regime; ● Changes in sediment entering and exiting the system; ● Introduction and spread of alien plants; ● Loss and disturbance of watercourse habitat and fringe vegetation; and ● Changes in water quality.
During the construction phase of SKA1_MID, general waste will be generated as listed in Table 23.
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Table 23: Waste Produced Type Description / Content Paper and cardboard; and Domestic Non-hazardous, compatible canteen and tearoom waste, e.g. food, disposable cups, Waste teabags, etc. Non- General building rubble: Non-hazardous, non-compactable waste, e.g. wood, cardboard, hazardous plastic, cans, packing material, builder rubble, etc. Waste Used oil and grease, oil-contaminated wastes (e.g. brooms, sawdust, sorbents), rags, Hazardous degreasing or solvent containers, oil contaminated water, etc.; Fluorescent tubes; glass fibre Wastes and Batteries (Lead Cell, Nickel, Cadmium, etc.). Sewage Domestic sewage generated during the construction and operation phase. Other waste Garden waste
21.1.1 Groundwater Quality Monitoring Programme
Three boreholes located in the constructions camps are proposed to be used for domestic, maintenance, washing etc.: GPK04, SF13, SF05. As part of the groundwater quality monitoring program, the quality of this borehole water will need to be analyzed quarterly in accordance with the SANS 241-1:2015 drinking water quality parameters (Table 24).
Table 24: South African National Standards (SANS) Parameters Physical and aesthetic Determinants Microbiological Determinants Colour E. coli Electrical Conductivity Total Coliforms Total Dissolved Solids Heterotrophic Plate Count Turbidity pH – Value Chemical Determinants - Macro Nitrate (NO₃) as N Ammonia (NH3) as N Nitrite (NO2) as N Chloride as Cl Sulphate as SO4 Sodium as Na Fluoride as F Zinc as Zn Chemical Determinants - Micro Antimony as Sb Iron as Fe Arsenic as As Lead as Pb Barium as Ba Manganese as Mn Boron as B Mercury as Hg Cadmium as Cd Nickel as Ni Total Chromium, Cr Selenium as Se Orthophosphate (PO₄) as P Uranium as U Copper as Cu Aluminium as Al Cyanide as CN
The parameters listed in the table below are recommended to be analysed for concrete construction purposes in line with the DWAF water quality parameters (DWAF, 1996). It is recommended that groundwater for construction purposes be tested by Contractors before the commencement of work
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and thereafter once every three months until the completion of the work. In addition, water from the municipal source needs to be tested bi-annually.
Table 25: DWAF Water Quality Parametesr – Industrial Purposes Parameter pH Iron Alkalinity Manganese Total dissolved Solids Sulphate Electrical Conductivity Suspended Solids Chloride Total Hardness
In order to monitor groundwater levels electronic water level meters (Level Loggers) need to be installed in boreholes proposed to be abstracted from in order to determine if a decrease in well efficiency occur over time.
The following is recommended to be undertaken to ensure the correct management of the water at the SKA1_MID core area.
21.1.1.1 Process Water
• Optimise the re-use of process water; • Ensure water is not unnecessarily abstracted or wasted; • Manage water quality according to the performance objectives included in the conditions of all the environmental authorisations; • Ensure that water quality remains within the requirements set by DWS; and • Management of the process water infrastructure in such a manner that risk will be avoided. • Investigating new alternatives for process water treatment and re-use; and • Continued, regular monitoring of dirty water dams which contain process water to ensure that the water quality is appropriate for re-use.
21.1.1.2 Groundwater
• Conduct all activities in such a manner that it will not pose unnecessary threats to the groundwater resources in terms of quality and quantity; • To ensure that all liners remain intact to protect the groundwater environment; • Conduct groundwater monitoring on a quarterly basis to assist in identifying risks early so that management measures can be implemented timeously; • Inspect and monitor all aspects that lead to the protection of the groundwater regime on a regular basis; and • To update the groundwater model at least every five years. • Continued, regular monitoring of groundwater levels and quality; and • Annual compliance audits.
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21.1.1.3 Waste
• Implementation of good housekeeping and best practises; • Investigating new, cleaner and more cost effective technologies to reduce and manage waste; • Monitor compliance with best practises; and • Creating environmental awareness and sensitivity through improvements to the induction programme for employees.
Refer to Table 26 for the SKA1_MID Action Plan that details the Contractors and other responsible persons and their duties.
Table 26: SKA1_MID IWWMP Action Plan Action Implementation Date Person Responsible 1 Weekly Site Inspections weekly Environmental Officer
2 Monthly management inspections monthly Environmental Manager
3 Groundwater Monitoring Bi-annually Contractor
4 Surface Water Monitoring Monthly Contractor
5 Bio-monitoring Bi-annually Contractor
6 WUL Audits (Internal) Annually Environmental Officer
7 WUL Audits (external) Annually Contractor
8 Environmental Site Audits Weekly Contractor New employees and after 9 Employee Training employees return from Environmental Officer leave
21.2 Mineral Permit Exemption for Borrowpits and Stone Quarries
15 borrow pits and 4 stone quarries will need to be established within and around the Site to provide the required gravel and stone material required for SKA1 road construction and the construction of the antenna foundations. It is too expensive to source this material commercially and the preference of the SKA project is to source this material locally. There is however a requirement as stipulated in the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (MPRDA) (Act No. 28 of 2002) that a mining right or permit is required for the establishment and operation of borrow pits and stone quarries depending on the extent of the operation.
The Act, however, also states that in terms of section 106(1), “the Minister may by notice in the Gazette, exempt an organ of state from the provisions of section 16, 20, 22 and 27 in respect of any activity to remove any mineral for road construction, building of dams or other purpose which may be identified in such notice”. (similar to SANRAL, Department of Water Affairs, Public Works, SANParks exemption etc.). SARAO (NRF) has on behalf of the SKAO applied for this permit/license exemption from the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy. Should this be approved, Contractors will
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only be required to develop Environmental Management and Rehabilitation Plans upon their closure. These plans must be approved by the SKAO Environmental Officer.
21.3 Way leaves
SARAO will assist the SKAO in obtaining all the wayleaves required for SKA1 construction. Way leaves include but are not limited to: 1) Way leave for the installation of SKA security guardhuts on the provincial road to site; 2) Way leaves for access and use of the Provincial Department of Roads & Public Works borrowpits and quarries
21.4 Development Approval
The SKAO will be responsible for obtaining construction development approval from the local authorities. Contractors will be required to comply with any terms and conditions stipulated for the development approval.
22 BULK FUEL SUPPLY & STORAGE Contractors are responsible for providing their own bulk fuel and storage supply. The provision and storage of fuel will be in compliance with Chapter 5 of the IEMP [AD9] and described in Annexure C of this document. Diesel can be sourced from the town of Carnarvon.
A Screening Major Hazard Installation Risk Assessment [RD10] was undertaken by the CSIR as one of the specialist studies for the Strategic Environmental Assessment. The Risk Assessment focussed on the main risks on Site related to chemical components to be stored on, produced or delivered to Site and to assess: 1. Whether any materials to be stored on Site would be classified as Notifiable; 2. Development of accidental spill and fire scenarios for the facility; 3. For each incident develop, determine consequences; 4. Determine whether the facility has the potential to be classified as a Major Hazard Installation (MHI) and whether a full MHI risk assessment would be triggered.
The outcome of the screening risk assessment concluded that: • No material to be stored on Sie is listed as notifiable in terms of the General Machinery Regulation 8 and its Schedule A on notifiable substances; • No jet fires were predicted from the simulations; • No flash fires were predicted from the simulations; • No explosions were predicted for the storage of diesel; • No boiling liquid expanding vapour explosions were predicted from the simulations; • The worst-case (maximum distance) 10 kilowatt per m2 thermal radiation isopleths, representing a 1% fatality, for diesel would no extend beyond the Site boundary that could involve people in a major incident; and
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• The scope of application of the Major Hazard Installation Regulations would not apply and the facility would not be considered a major hazardous installation.
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23 OTHER INSTRUMENTS ON SITE The MeerKAT radio telescope has been constructed and operated by SARAO on the farms Meysdam and Losberg in Zone 0, 1, 2 and 3. MeerKAT will be operational whilst SKA1 construction is undertaken. In addition to MeerKAT, the HERA instrument, also located in Zone 3 will be operational whilst SKA1 construction is undertaken. HIRAX will be located in Zone 10D on the farm Swartfontein. Both instruments are temporary with HERAcompleting science in March 2023 and HIRAX when there is no longer sufficient grid power available on site to power HIRAX. Reference can be made to Figure 52 which indicates the location of both guest instruments and the MeerKAT core.
Reference can be made to Section 9.3 on RFI operational states and restrictions to be placed on Contractors during construction. Contractors shall abide by the restrictions imposed on their activities, equipment, vehicles etc. during these operational states.
Figure 52: Location of MeerKAT, HERA & HIRAX on Site
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24 SOUTH AFRICAN STAKEHOLDERS & COMMUNICATION The SARAO Stakeholder Manager will maintain a complaints register during all phases of the SKA project which include all complaints received from adjacent landowners, local stakeholders and local/district/provincial authorities. The register will contain a detailed description of each complaint with supporting documentation and a written response to each complaint with a description of any corrective action implemented by the SKAO, its Contractors and/or SARAO as a result of the complaint. Stakeholder Engagement will be undertaken in compliance with Chapter 4 & 5 of the IEMP [AD9]. In the event of claims for damages, refer to Section 6.5 above.
SARAO and the SKAO Communications and Outreach teams will be jointly responsible for all Public Relations / Media related to the SKA in South Africa. Any media statements are interviews will only be undertaken by the identified representatives from both organisations. All visits to Site will be jointly agreed by the SARAO Managing Director and SKA Director General.
South African Key Stakeholders are indicated in Table 27.
Table 27: South African Key Stakeholders Tier Stakeholder Key Aspects/Interests South African National Department of Water & Sanitation Water & waste management licenses, Government compliance Departments Department of Environmental Affairs, Integrated Environmental Fisheries & Forestry Management Plan Department of Higher Education, South African SKA funding Science & Innovation Department of Agriculture & Land Land issues Reform Department of Mineral Resources Mineral permit exemptions for stone quarries & borropwits. Closure inspections Department of Energy Coordination & regulation of Independent Power Producers Department of International Coordination of international visits to Relations & Cooperation Site & meetings Department of Communication Spectrum Management & regulation Department of Labour Compliance to Labour, health & safety regulations South African Police Service Safety & Security Department of Trade & Industry Customs & Excise Department of Home Affairs Visas, Priviledges & Immunities Presidential Infrastructure Council reporting to the President of Coordinating Commission South Africa on SIP 16 (MeerKAT & SKA) Department of Public Works State owned land
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Tier Stakeholder Key Aspects/Interests State Owned Entities Eskom Grid Power State Owned Entity ICASA Spectrum licenses NERSA National Energy Regulator – power distribution licenses PortNET South African Ports Authority SANParks Land Management Authority on behalf of NRF – manages National Park SAHRA South African Heritage Authority – heritage permits Provincial Government / Premier’s Office Coordination within the Northern Cape Authorities Province Department of Economic SKA lead Department for Province Development Department of Environment, Nature Heritage approvals & Conservation Department of Agriculture NRF Agreement to utilise Klerefontein Support Base Department of Roads & Public Works Provincial Road maintenance Way leaves for upgrade to existing public roads Way leaves for installation of security guardhuts on provincial / public roads
Local Authorities Kareeberg Municipality Development Approval, manages Carnarvon Municipal Dump site, Land owner of Carnarvon POP station, Spatial Development Frameworks, Integrated Development Plans Karoo Hoogland Municipality Development Approval, Spatial Development Frameworks, Integrated Development Plans Ubuntu Municipality Development Approval, Spatial Development Frameworks, Integrated Development Plans SAPS Safety & Security Pixley Ka Seme District Municipality District Municipality responsible for Kareeberg, Karoo Hoogland & Ubuntu Municipalities
25 LANGUAGE English will be used for all correspondence. The predominant language in the Karoo is Afrikaans.
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26 TOWN FACILITIES 26.1 Hospitality
The following hospitality facilities are located in the local towns (Carnarvon, Williston, VanWyksvlei and Brandvlei) close to the Site:
i. Bed & Breakfasts ii. Restaurants 26.2 Medical Facilities
The following medical facilities are available in Carnarvon: i. Medical Clinic ii. Hospital iii. Private local doctor 26.3 Convenience Stores / General Supplies
The following convenience stores/general supplies are located in the surrounding towns: i. Grocery stores ii. Butcheries iii. Clothing stores iv. Banks & ATMs v. Fuel filling stations vi. Cooperatives for local supplies and building material
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27 KEY CONTACT LIST Table 28 provides a summary of the Key Contact list:
Table 28: Key Contact List
Focus Area Name Organisation/Position Number E-Mail In-Country Execution & Dawie Fourie SARAO Site Manager 053 382 5907 [email protected] Site Management TBC SKAO Site Manager TBC TBC Tracy Cheetham SKAO Host Country 083 293 6925 [email protected] Execution Manager [email protected] Health & Safety Faried Karels SARAO Health & Safety 021 506 3700 [email protected] Manager John Kerr SKAO Health, Safety & [email protected] Security Manager Lauwrian Andreas SARAO Health & Safety [email protected] Officer Diane Williamson SARAO Nurse South African land, Alice Pienaar Marais SARAO Land & 011 268 3000 [email protected] access, security (Chief Institutional Security Officer) Governance Manager RFI Management Carel van der Merwe SARAO RFI Manager 021 506 3700 [email protected] Braam Otto SARAO Senior Engineer: 021 506 3700 [email protected] RFI Federico de Vruno SKA RFI Manager Environmental Vusani Management Electrical work & Jasper Grobelaar SARAO Electrical [email protected] switching Supervisor Visitor Identification Miles van Ster SARAO Facilities 021 506 3700 [email protected] Cards Manager
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ANNEXURE A – ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
This section details the main internal and external stakeholders to the SKA project that have specific responsibilities with regards to disaster prevention/risk elimination projects and disaster response scenarios.
The primary objective of each stakeholder must be to contribute, from their specific areas of expertise, to the prevention of the occurrence of emergencies or disasters that threaten life, property, the environment or economic activity in the SKA, in keeping with the requirements of the DMA.
27.1.1 INTERNAL STAKEHOLDERS OF THE SKA 27.1.1.1 SARAO SITE MANAGER To ensure disaster prevention, risk reduction and disaster preparedness, the SARAO Site Manager must ensure that the disaster management function is executed in an effective and efficient manner on Site.
During and following emergencies or disasters, the SARAO Site Manager will be responsible for the following (unless delegated to a designated official): • Report, liaise and consult with Local Municipal DMC; • Report, liaise and consult with all external role-players; • Report on emergency impact and response to the SARAO and SKAO Management; • Notify next of kin when an employee of is injured, missing or killed; • Authorize extraordinary expenditures; and • Identify persons/organisations to receive recognition for contributions to emergency response.
27.1.1.2 SARAO & SKAO OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY OFFICER (OHS) • Ensure compliance with the Occupational Health and Safety Act; • Enforce the necessary control measures in the interest of health and safety; • Ensure that all Personal Protective Equipment requirements are complied with; • Ensure that no hazards impact on the safety of workers and other emergency and health responders; • Report on any unsafe practices and or conditions; and • Investigate and report on any injuries on site.
27.1.1.3 SARAO MANAGER SECURITY SERVICES The Manager of Security Services must ensure that disaster management plans are compiled and maintained in his/her service, with specific reference to the following; • Compliance with the provisions of the National Key Points Act (Act No. 102 of 1980); • Compilation of pro-active disaster management programmes to support risk reduction or elimination; Document No.: SKA-TEL-SKO-0001040 Author: T Cheetham Revision: A Page 163 of 239 Date: 2019-09-13
• Compilation of reactive departmental disaster management plans to ensure service continuation during emergency/disaster situations; • Coordinating response with the South African Police Service and national security forces or departments; • Assist with the implementation of the Road Accident Management Plan; • Protecting the safety of emergency responders, evacuated areas, affected communities and damaged or threatened property; • Support the evacuation of designated area(s); • Controlling access to and egress from emergency area(s); • Protecting private and public property; • Identifying persons/organisations to contribute to post-emergency reports/debriefings; • Protecting essential service facilities and infrastructure; • Supplying resources for disaster management purposes as requested by the EMT; and • Establishing and maintaining a resource database that is integrated with the SKA’s Disaster Management Resource Database.
27.1.1.4 SARAO and SKAO ENVIRONMENTAL OFFICER The Environmental Officer must ensure that disaster management plans are compiled and maintained in his/her service, with specific reference to the following: • Compliance National Environmental Management Act 107 0f 1998 as amended; • Create, implement and monitor environmental strategies; • Ensure air quality, waste, clean water, and pollution standards are complied with; • Investigate environmental incidents and develop action plans; • Liaise with SANParks on an ongoing basis; • Supplying resources for disaster management purposes as requested by the EMT; and • Establishing and maintaining a resource database that is integrated with the SKA Disaster Management Resource Database.
27.1.1.5 SARAO RFI MANAGER The RFI Manager must ensure that disaster management plans are compiled and maintained in his/her service, with specific reference to the following: • Ensure ongoing compliance to the RFI standards at all times; • Investigate RFI incidents and develop action plans; • Issue of RFI permits where required; • Supplying resources for disaster management purposes as requested by the EMT; and • Establishing and maintaining a resource database that is integrated with the SKA Disaster Management Resource Database.
27.1.1.6 SARAO FIRE MARSHALL
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The Fire Marshall must ensure that disaster management plans are compiled and maintained for SARAO and the SKAO with specific reference to the following: • In consultation with the Local Authority Fire Services compile pro-active disaster management programmes to support risk reduction or elimination; • In consultation with the Local Authority Fire Services compile reactive disaster management plans to ensure service continuation during emergency/disaster situations; • Liaise and interact with Municipal Fire Services; • Prevent the outbreak or spread of fires; • Fighting or extinguishing fires until the professional services arrive; • Assist in protecting life and property from the impact of fire or other threats; • Assist in evacuation of designated area(s); • Assist and manage hazardous material decontamination facilities and operations; • Supplying resources for disaster management purposes as requested by the EMT; and • Establishing and maintaining a resource database that is integrated with the SKA Disaster Management Resource Database.
27.1.1.7 SARAO FIRST AID MARSHALL The First Aid Marshall must ensure that disaster management plans are compiled and maintained for SARAO and the SKAO with specific reference to the following: • Compilation of pro-active disaster management programmes to support risk reduction or elimination; • Compilation of reactive disaster management plans to ensure service continuation during emergency/disaster situations; • The coordination and maintenance of a first aid service for initial first aid response; • Triage and treatment of and stabilisation of injured persons until professional services arrive on the scene; • Interaction and provision of information and further assistance to responding professional services; • Record keeping of all people treated; • Supplying resources for disaster management purposes as requested by the EMT, and • Establishing and maintaining a resource database that is integrated with the SKA’s Disaster Management Resource Database.
27.1.1.8 SARAO FLOODING MARSHALL The Flooding Marshall must ensure that disaster management plans are compiled and maintained for SARAO and the SKAO with specific reference to the following: • Compilation of pro-active disaster management programmes to support risk reduction or elimination; • Compilation of reactive disaster management plans to ensure service continuation during emergency/disaster situations; • Maintain flood warning systems in the SKA area; • Confining and containing flood water; • Providing technical advice in preventing or reducing the effects of flooding; • Liaison with external service providers and contractors;
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• Removing debris from transportation routes and other sites as required; • Identifying areas which are unsafe; • Identifying and prioritising essential services that may require restoration as the result of an emergency or disaster; • Supplying resources for disaster management purposes as requested by the EMT; and • Establishing and maintaining a resource database that is integrated with the SKA’s Disaster Management Resource Database.
27.1.1.9 SARAO TECHNICAL TEAM Electrical Team • Compilation of pro-active disaster management programmes to support risk reduction or elimination; • Compilation of reactive disaster management plans to ensure service continuation during emergency/disaster situations; • Coordinating response with internal departments or services; • Coordinating response with Eskom; • Allocating available electricity; • Planning alternate electrical supply; • Identifying and prioritising essential services that may require restoration as the result of an emergency or disaster; • Supplying resources for disaster management purposes as requested by the EMT; and • Establishing and maintaining a resource database that is integrated with the SKA’s Disaster Management Resources Database.
Telescope Team • Compilation of pro-active disaster management programmes to support risk reduction or elimination; • Coordinating response with internal departments or services; • Investigate service incidents and develop action plans; • Identifying and prioritising essential services that may require restoration as the result of an emergency or disaster; • Supplying resources for disaster management purposes as requested by the EMT; and • Establishing and maintaining a resource database that is integrated with the SKA’s Disaster Management Resource Database.
27.1.1.10 SANPARKS SANParks must ensure that disaster management plans are compiled and maintained for SKA with specific reference to the following: • Compilation of pro-active departmental disaster management programmes to support risk reduction or elimination; • Compilation of reactive departmental disaster management plans to ensure service continuation during emergency/disaster situations; • Identify possible environmental disasters;
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• Compilation of pro-active environmental disaster management programmes to support risk reduction or elimination; • Ensure fire security is maintained in compliance with the National Veld and Forest Fire Act; • Monitoring the environment (air, water, and ecosystem) for contamination; • Supplying resources for disaster management purposes as requested by the EMT; • Establishing and maintaining a resource database that is integrated with the SKA’s Disaster Management Resource Database.
27.1.1.11 SARAO STAKEHOLDER MANAGER The Stakeholder Manager must ensure that disaster management plans are compiled and maintained for SKA with specific reference to the following: • Compilation of pro-active disaster management programmes to support risk reduction or elimination; • Compilation of reactive disaster management plans to ensure service continuation during emergency/disaster situations; • Providing information to persons at special incident-related meetings; • If required, arrange site visits for persons affected by the emergency, e.g. families of deceased persons; • Regularly updates on emergency situation to external organisations; • Supporting the EMT in communicating status reports and public safety notices; • Supplying resources for disaster management purposes as requested by the EMT; and • Establishing and maintaining a resource database that is integrated with the SKA’s Disaster Management Resource Database.
27.1.2 EXTERNAL ROLE-PLAYERS FOR THE SKA 27.1.2.1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT The Head of the DMC of the Pixley Ka Seme and Namakwa District Municipalities is responsible for the compilation, maintenance and distribution of their District’s DMP and its supporting risk-specific and incident management plans.
The Head of the DMC is also responsible for the performance by the Centre of its disaster management functions and for implementing and coordinating the District’s DMP (Section 44(1) of the DMA).
The Head of the DMC must: • When deemed necessary, classify a local state of disaster in terms of the DMA; • Liaise with provincial officials and national officials; • Coordinate response with community based and non-governmental organisations; • Identify available resources for disaster management purposes as requested by the EMT; • Establish and maintain a resource database; • Ensure effective media liaison on Municipal actions; and • Provide situation reports to all internal and external role-players on a regular basis. • The primary function of disaster management during the response phase of a major incident or disaster is to coordinate the responses of the various services in support of the SKA and to ensure good liaison and information flow between services. Document No.: SKA-TEL-SKO-0001040 Author: T Cheetham Revision: A Page 167 of 239 Date: 2019-09-13
• The Head of the DMC, in consultation with the SKA EMT, will determine when an incident or disaster is adequately dealt with, following which, the response structure established for the incident/disaster can be de-mobilised.
27.1.2.2 SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE SERVICES (SAPS) The primary function of the SAPS is to maintain law and order during an incident, and includes: • Assessment of the situation; • Liaison with the SKA Security staff; • Activation of SAPS and other services; • Establishment of a cordon in the immediate area to prevent further loss of life and/or looting; and • Assist with the implementation of effective command and control on scene.
27.1.2.3 MUNICIPAL FIRE SERVICES The primary function of Fire Services is to: • Protect life and property against fire or other threat; • Rescue of life and property from fires or other threat; • Prevent the outbreak or spread of fire and the fighting or extinguishing of fires; and • Performance of any other function connected with the above duties.
27.1.2.4 MUNICIPAL TRAFFIC SERVICES The primary function of municipal traffic services during an incident is to manage within its area of jurisdiction, the flow of traffic around the incident and to safeguard the scene/ area from a traffic point of view to facilitate speedy response by all services.
27.1.2.5 NORTHERN CAPE PROVINCIAL TRAFFIC The primary function of provincial traffic services during an incident is to manage the flow of traffic, on provincial roads, around the incident and to safeguard the scene/ area from a traffic point of view to facilitate speedy response by all services.
27.1.2.6 EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES (EMS) The primary function of EMS at an incident is the emergency medical care and medical rescue of patients and their rapid evacuation to the nearest appropriate health facility.
27.1.2.7 SOUTH AFRICAN WEATHER SERVICES (SAWS) SAWS is a provider of useful weather, climate, and related products and services and according to South African Weather Service Act 8 of 2001, only the Weather Service may issue severe weather related warnings over South Africa in order to ensure that there is a single authoritative voice in this regard. Their role during disasters will be to advise on short, medium and long term weather predictions for the area concerned. Document No.: SKA-TEL-SKO-0001040 Author: T Cheetham Revision: A Page 168 of 239 Date: 2019-09-13
27.1.2.8 ESKOM Eskom’s mandate is to provide electricity in an efficient and sustainable manner, including its generation, transmission, and distribution and sales.
Eskom is the sole supplier of electricity for the Carnarvon area including the SKA facility. Their role during disasters is to restore and the supply of electricity to the area and to advise on matters related to electrical supply to the area.
27.1.2.9 EXTERNAL CONTRACTORS All external contractors must be briefed on the contents of this plan and it his/her responsibility to inform their staff. During incidents they must form part of the EMT, take responsibility for the safety of its staff. Good communication must be maintained with contractors at all times.
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ANNEXURE B: EMERGENCY CONTACT DETAILS Organisation Contact Number E-Mail ER 24 Ambulance Services 084 124 Kareeberg LM Municipal Manager 0723756704 [email protected] Carnarvon [email protected] Namakwa DM Municipal Manager 027 712 8000 [email protected] Springbok Namakwa DM Disaster Manager 0845117481 [email protected] Williston Namakwa DM CCC 24 Hour Emergency No 027 3418132 Northern Cape EMS Ambulance Kimberley 053 830 2100 Northern Cape EMS Ambulance Carnarvon 073 3420726 NC PG COGHSTA Kimberley 0605467557 [email protected] N C PG Disaster NC PG DRM Kimberley 053 839 6500 [email protected] Management NC PG HAZMAT Department: Transport, Safety 053 830 4900 and Liaison Kimberley NC PG Traffic Prov Britstown 053 8025520 [email protected] 0822539545 NC PG Traffic Prov Hantam Region 082 745 8101 Calvinia NC PG Water Affairs Kimberley [email protected] Northern Cape 0845927474 Agricultural Union Pixley ka Seme Municipal Manager 053 631 0891 [email protected] De Aar 082 442 0800 Pixley ka Seme Disaster Management 076 7244055 Charlie Menziwa Pixley ka Seme Health Clinics/Hospitals 053 8302100 [email protected] SARAO Site Manager 08229261875 [email protected] SARAO Manager Security 0827789141 [email protected] SARAO LOG Manager 0823725112 [email protected] SARAO Tech Manager 0836312612 [email protected] SARAO SHEQ Manager 0760782165 [email protected] SARAO Safety officer 0827951874 [email protected] SARAO Env Manager SARAO RFI Manager SAPS Carnarvon 053-3823009 [email protected] 0845874242 [email protected] SAPS Williston 053 391 3007 [email protected] 0636911588
SASSA Northern Cape 053 802 4900 Kimberley
SASSA Carnarvon 0533824613 [email protected] 0825860341 [email protected] SANParks Manager: Park Planning and 012 426 5212 [email protected] TFCA Co-ordination 083 630 4575
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ANNEXURE C: INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMPr) – CHAPTER 5 CONSTRUCTION COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS
The ‘construction’ section of this EMPr refers to all construction activities that will occur within the approved area and access roads, until the project is completed. Most environmental impacts are likely to occur during the ‘construction’ phase (e.g. noise, dust, and water pollution). If the site is monitored on a continual basis during the construction phase, it is possible to identify these impacts as they occur. These impacts will then be mitigated through the measures outlined in this section, together with a commitment to sound environmental management from the NRF (SARAO) and the SKAO. Responsible organisations are indicated in [BRACKETS] in the Impact Managemet Actions column of the EMPr.
Land Management It is envisaged that the Land Management Authority fulfil the following roles, but it remains the ultimate responsibility of the NRF to ensure the implementation of the EMPr and subsequently compliance to this IEMP. Impact Management Outcomes Impact Management Actions Monitoring The protection, conservation and management of the • Develop and implement the Park • Progress reports on comparative study of SKA land core area. management plan as prepared [SANParks] animals using artificial water points • Ensure alignment with long term research and [SANParks, SARAO] monitoring programmes described in Chapter 6 of • Inspect perimeter fences on weekly basis to the IEMP [SANParks, SARAO, SAEON] detect and repair any defects [SANParks] • Monitor the use of strategic artificial water points by • Maintain a log of all predation management wildlife within SKA land core area and on surrounding activities to improve best predation farms [SANParks] management practices [SANParks] • Remove identified internal fences within the SKA land • Monitor outcomes of the fencing core area [SARAO] management programme. [SANParks] • Implement the fencing management programme which include inspection, repairs and general maintenance of existing fence on a weekly base, records of any losses
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to neighbouring farms, records of any predators’ removal and techniques used [SANParks, SARAO] • Where electric fences are installed, these must be monitored to ensure that animals have not been trapped. If animal fatalities have occurred these must be investigated and the services of a qualified specialist (bird, reptile…) must be employed to implement the correct management action to prevent further fatalities. [SANParks] • Maintain and repair the predator-proof fencing on the perimeter of the SKA land core area as required. [SANParks, SARAO]
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Construction areas Impact Management Outcomes Impact Management Actions Monitoring • Clearly demarcate and fence off the construction • Monitor the lateral spread of construction Risk of pollution in construction areas is minimised outside of demarcated areas on a weekly based on good maintenance and storage practices. footprint prior to the commencement of construction activities thus reducing the infringement of the basis [SKA Contractors] development on surrounding habitats [SKA • Monitor daily demarcation and fencing of Contractors] construction footprint [SKA Contractors] • Ensure demarcation of parking areas with • Monitor daily demarcation of parking applicable signage [SARAO, SKAO Contractors] area [SKA Contractors]] • The contractors must provide and maintain a method • Inspect that the topsoil is stripped from statement for “management of topsoil” which permanent works, pipeline trenches, includes the top layer of soil containing organic stockpiles, access roads, construction material, nutrients and plant seeds [SKA camps and lay down areas on weekly basis Infrastructure Contractors] [SKA Contractors, SARAO] • Strip the topsoil from all areas that are to be utilized • Review and file Method Statement for during the construction period and where permanent “management of topsoil” [SKAO] structures and access is required [SKA Infrastructure • Control storage of material onsite [SARAO, Contractors] SKAO, SKA Contractors] • Ripping must be done to a depth of 250 mm in two • Monitor servicing of chemical toilets on a directions at right angles and as appropriately stated weekly basis by a licenced Service Provider by engineer [SKA Infrastructure Contractors] and file service records at the site office. • Secure empty cement bags with binding material to [SKA Contractors] prevent spread of cement dust prior to disposal [SKA • Control maintenance and cleanness of Infrastructure Contractors] temporary chemical toilets. [SKA Contractors] • Store sand, stone and cement in demarcated areas • Monitor status of pest in the with seal to prevent wind erosion and deposition of construction camps on monthly basis. dust on the surrounding indigenous vegetation [SKA [SKA Contractors] Infrastructure Contractors]
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• Provide and service temporary chemical toilets as • Monitor that eating areas and closed refuse per prescribed legislation [SKA Contractors] bins are cleaned as and when required. [SKA • Place temporary chemical toilets at least 100 metres Contractors] from any watercourse or wetland system and outside • Monitor daily the use of borrow pits [SKA of the 1:100 year floodline [SKA Contractors] Infrastructure Contractors] • Establish septic tanks further than 50 metres from any • Monitor daily management of stockpile aquatic features identified on the site [SKA areas. [SKA Contractors] Contractors] • Do not construct “long drop” toilet on the site. [SKA Contractors] • Keep temporary chemical toilets in a clean, neat and hygienic condition, and sufficient supply of toilet paper at all toilets ensured at all times [SKA Contractors] • Maintain fencing and barriers to delineate the construction areas [SKA Contractors] • Contractor employees are to avoid walking on or through areas of natural vegetation, the drainage lines or watercourses (cause disturbance in the form of bank destabilisation which may lead to erosion during periods of rain), they are to remain on the demarcated construction site. [SKA Contractors] • Designate restricted eating areas with closed refuse bins. [SKA Contractors] • Only approved or exempted borrow pits are used to source material for the establishment of access roads. [SKA Infrastructure Contractors]
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• Place the topsoil removed during the establishment of borrow pits and quarries in stockpiles [SKA Infrastructure Contractors] • Stockpiles do not exceed 2 m in height to avoid compaction and maintain the soil integrity and chemical composition [SKA Infrastructure Contractors] • Compaction of soils, erosion and sedimentation are minimised within construction areas [SKA Infrastructure Contractors] • Prevent dust impacts by watering soil stockpile areas during windy conditions [SKA Infrastructure Contractors] • Stabilise and protect stockpiles from erosion [SKA Infrastructure Contractors]
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Workshop equipment, maintenance and storage Impact Management Outcomes Impact Management Actions Monitoring Risk of pollution in workshop areas is minimised • The contractors must provide and maintain a method • Review and file Method Statement for based on good maintenance and storage practices. statement for “workshop maintenance and cleaning of “workshop maintenance and cleaning of plant” [SKA Contractors] plant” [SKAO] • The contractor must ensure that the construction • Review Method Statements for “emergency equipment are under the control of suitably qualified and spills procedures” [SKAO] certified personnel and are in proper working order to • Review Method Statements for “fire” [SKAO] avoid excessive noise and fumes, and have no fuel or • Monitor spillages at the fuel storage area lubricant leakages [SKA Contractors] and integrity of all bunds on a daily basis • All maintenance and washing of vehicles and equipment [SKAO, SKA Contractors, SARAO] take place in the workshop area that is equipped with a • Inspect for contaminated soil in the bund wall and grease trap oil separator [SKA workshop area [SKAO, SKA Contractors, Contractors, SARAO] SARAO] • During servicing of vehicles or equipment, a suitable • Inspect for contaminated water resources drip tray is used to prevent spills onto the soil, especially within the workshop area [SKAO, SKA where emergency repairs are done outside the Contractors, SARAO] workshop area [SKA Contractors, SARAO] • Leaking equipment is repaired immediately or be removed from site to facilitate repair [SKA Contractors, SARAO] • All potentially hazardous waste is collected and removed to an appropriate waste site as recommended by the municipality. [SKA Contractors, SARAO] • All non-degradable waste is collected and removed and disposed of to an appropriate waste site as recommended by the municipality. Workshop areas are monitored for oil and fuel spills and such spills must be cleaned and remediated to the satisfaction of the ECO.
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Cleaning and remediation is done with products that are in line with best environmental practice [SKA Contractors, SARAO] • A method statement is required from the Contractor, tendering for the project to show procedures for dealing with possible emergencies that can occur, such as fire and accidental leaks and spillage [SKA Contractors] • The Contractor must be in possession of an emergency spill kit that is complete and available at all times on site. The Contractor must ensure that senior and other relevant members of the workforce are trained in dealing with spills by using emergency spill kits [SKA Contractors] • All contaminated soil / yard stone is removed and disposed of as hazardous waste at an appropriate waste facility as recommended by the municipality or placed in containers to be taken to one central point where bio- remediation can be done [SKA Contractors] • A specialist Contractor must be used for the bio- remediation of contaminated soil where the required remediation material and expertise is not available on site [SKA Contractors] • All spills of hazardous substances are reported to the ECO [SKA Contractors, SARAO, SKAO] • The contractor must check for spillages at the fuel storage area on a daily basis [SKA Contractors] • The integrity of all bunds is checked on a daily basis [SKA Contractors]
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Cement Impact Management Outcomes Impact Management Actions Monitoring The pollution of soil, surface and ground water • The contractors must provide and maintain a method • Review and file Method Statement for resources resulting from cement residue entering into statement for “cement and concrete batching”. The “cement and concrete batching” [SKAO] the surrounding environment is minimised. method statement must provide information on • Inspect for contaminated soil on the proposed storage, washing and disposal of cement, construction site [SKAO] packaging, tools and plant [SKA Infrastructure • Inspect for contaminated water resources on Contractors] the site [SKAO] • The mixing of concrete is done at specifically selected sites on mortar boards or similar structures to contain run-off into soils, drainage lines and natural vegetation [SKA Infrastructure Contractors] • Cleaning of cement mixing and handling equipment is done using proper cleaning trays [SKA Infrastructure Contractors] • All hazardous empty containers are stored in a dedicated area and later removed from the site for disposal at an appropriate waste facility as recommended by the municipality[SKA Contractors] • Any spillage that may occur is investigated and immediate remedial action must be taken [SKA Contractors, SARAO, SKAO] • The visible remains of concrete, either solid, or from washings, are physically removed immediately and disposed of as waste to an appropriate landfill site as recommended by the municipality [SKA Infrastructure Contractors] • Cement batching areas is located in consultation with the ECO to ensure residues are contained and that the proposed location does not fall within sensitive areas Document No.: SKA-TEL-SKO-0001040 Author: T Cheetham Revision: A Page 178 of 239 Date: 2019-09-13
such as drainage lines, sensitive natural vegetation, etc. [SKA Infrastructure Contractors, SKAO]
Stockpiles Impact Management Outcomes Impact Management Actions Monitoring Disturbance and loss of soil are minimised, and the • The stockpiles are placed within the demarcated areas • Inspect any visible erosion scars once integrity of topsoil’s for landscaping and rehabilitation is the location of which must be approved by the ECO [SKA construction activity is completed [SKAO] maintained. Contractors, SKAO] • Control that stockpiles are restricted to • All stockpiled material is easily accessible without any demarcated areas [SKAO] environmental damage ECO [SKA Contractors] • Inspect invasive weed growth [SKAO] • The contractor must avoid vegetated areas that will not • Inspect any sign of sedimentation and be cleared [SKA Contractors] erosion [SKAO] • Stockpiles are stabilised if signs of erosion are visible [SKA Contractors] • No plant, workforce or any construction related activities may be allowed onto the topsoil stockpiles [SKA Contractors] • Stock piles are not be higher than 2m to avoid compaction thereby maintaining the soil integrity and chemical composition [SKA Contractors] • All temporarily stockpiled material is stockpiled in such a way that the spread of materials are minimised [SKA Contractors] • If extra materials are brought onto site for use in the construction of the required fill platforms, this material must be inert (non- reactive, non-leaching and non-toxic) [SKA Contractors]
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Contamination of storm water run-off is minimised. • Storm water runoff from the stockpile sites and other • Inspect any sign of sedimentation and related areas is directed into the storm water system erosion [SKAO] with the necessary pollution prevention measures such as silt traps and may not run freely into the immediate and surrounding environments [SKA Contractors]
Invasive plant growth in contained. • Soils from different horizons is stock piled such that • Inspect any sign of invasive plant growth topsoil stockpiles do not get contaminated by sub-soil [SKAO] material [SKA Contractors] • Topsoil stockpiles are monitored for invasive exotic vegetation growth [SKA Contractors] • Contractors must remediate as and when required in consultation with the ECO. [SKA Contractors, SKAO] • No plant, workforce or any construction related activities may be allowed onto the topsoil stockpiles [SKA Contractors] • If extra materials are brought onto site for use in the construction of the required fill platforms, this material must not contain topsoil that might contain the seeds of exotic plant species [SKA Contractors]
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Environmental Awareness and social responsibility Impact Management Outcomes Impact Management Actions Monitoring Environmental Awareness Training is • All staff, contractors and their workforce receive an • Review and update content of the implemented. induction and an environmental awareness training Environmental Awareness Induction Training session prior to commencement of work on site [SKAO, as required [SKAO, SARAO] SARAO, SKA Contractors] • Review records and attendance registers • Conduct toolbox talks (focusing on safety issues) to of all Environmental Awareness facilitate health and safety discussions on the job site Induction Training [SKAO, SARAO] [SKA Contractors] • Control that environmental awareness • Make training material accessible to all staff using information posters are visible and various supports and languages as required [SKAO, maintained at key locations on site. [SARAO] SARAO] • Ensure that staff is aware of: [SKAO, SARAO, Contractors] o How construction activities can impact on the environment, and what measures can be taken to mitigate against these impacts. o Emergency and response procedures. o Measures to prevent pollution and litter control. o social responsibility (no excessive noise, a “clean site” policy, no alcohol / drugs and no firearms permitted on site, no harvesting of fruit or firewood from the site or from areas adjacent to it). o Restrictions on trespassing on properties neighbouring the demarcated construction areas. o Accountability in the event of transgressions of IEMP directives. o Procedure to be followed should heritage resources be uncovered during all phases of the development.
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• Encourage the use of energy saving equipment at the site camp site (such as low voltage lights and low pressure taps), promote recycling, and minimised water use [SKAO, SARAO, Contractors]
A safe working environment is maintained. • o Ensure that medical support and supply are available to Monitor the performance of workers to staff at all time [SKAO, SARAO, Contractors] ensure compliance with good environmental o Implement the following restrictions on all staff practices and general conduct [SKAO, operating on the site: [SKAO, SARAO, Contractors] SARAO, Contractors] o Use of Personal Protective Equipment at all • Monitor social responsibility during times; construction [SKAO, SARAO, Contractors] o Use sanitation and cooking facilities provided • Control availability of medical support and within the demarcated areas; supply [SKAO, SARAO, Contractors] o No alcohol or illegal substance use on site; • Conduct adhoc site inspections [SKAO, SARAO] o No firearms permitted on site; • Check that restricted areas are clearly o No excessive noise; delimited [SKAO, SARAO] o No illegal disposal of rubble; • Check that staff remain within demarcated o No littering on the site or construction areas [SKAO, SARAO, SKA surrounding areas; Contractors] o No collection of firewood; o No unauthorised interference or removal of any fauna or flora; o No unauthorised trapping, or feeding of animals; o No unauthorised poaching/hunting/intentional killing of any animal; o No unattended open fires; and o No burning of waste on site.
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Health, safety and emergencies risks Impact Management Outcomes Impact Management Actions Monitoring All health and safety risks are minimised and all • Implementation of the health, safety and emergency • Review Method Statements for “fire” emergency situations are controlled. response action plan that aims to safeguard life and [SKAO, SARAO] wellbeing, property and the environment by: [SKAO, • Review Method Statements for “emergency SARAO, Contractors] spills procedures” [SKAO, SARAO] a. preventing major accidents; • Control demarcation/fencing of open b. identifying, recording and assessing safety & excavations on site [SKAO, SARAO, health hazards and environmental impacts; Contractors] and • Control state of basic fire-fighting c. Managing environmental impacts and risks by equipment [SARAO, Contractors] also identifying critical equipment, systems and • Control demarcation of fire hazards activities critical for the prevention and or areas/features on site [SARAO] control of emergencies • Control state of portable bioremediation kit • Fencing and/or demarcation of unattended open [SARAO] excavations [Contractors] • Control validity and display of emergency • Fencing and/or demarcation of fire hazards telephone numbers [SARAO] areas/features on site [Contractors] • Control that no veld fires are started • Structures vulnerable to high winds are secured by the workforce. [SARAO, SKAO, [Contractors] Contractors] • All staff wears personal protective equipment [SARAO, • Compile and maintain an incidents and SKAO, Contractors] complaints register to record all incidents or • All people should be supplied with peak caps to minimise complaints [SARAO] sun exposure [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Control state and availability of • Water is freely available to the workforce on site at all emergency spill kit [SARAO] times [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Monitor and record any hazardous substances spills [SARAO]
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• Prevent unauthorised access to the construction areas and camps [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Onsite Fire Control Officer is appointed prior to commencement of construction activities [SARAO] • Basic fire-fighting equipment is to the satisfaction of the Local Fire Services and within easy access in case of emergency [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • A portable bioremediation kit (to remedy chemical spills) is available on site [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Emergency telephone numbers are up to date and posted at relevant locations at the construction sites and the construction camps [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Fires will only be allowed in facilities especially constructed for this purpose within fenced Contractor’s camps. Wood, charcoal or anthracite are the only fuels permitted to be used for fires [Contractors] • Security staff has received basic fire safety training [SARAO] • An emergency spill kit including absorbent material, spill containment and clean-up equipment is available onsite [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Inform the regional representative of the Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) for pollution of any surface or groundwater [SARAO, SKAO]
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Visual Impacts Impact Management Outcomes Impact Management Actions Monitoring Visual intrusion is minimised • Materials, coatings and paints are selected to ensure • Review photomontages and viewshed to minimal reflectivity and reduce light pollution ensure optimal micro- siting of the [Contractors] SKA1_MID dish antennas in spiral arms • Use timer switches or motion detectors (within safety [SARAO, SKAO] requirements) to control lighting in areas that are not • Review lighting plan [SARAO, SKAO] occupied continuously [SARAO, SKAO] • Review conditions and validity of permits • Relevant permit is obtained from the competent and licenses associated with lighting heritage authority before installing lights within activities [SARAO, SKAO] heritage sites [SARAO] • Control extent of light pollution within • Light pollution from the proposed development in the site [SARAO, SKAO] the regional landscape is minimised [SARAO, SKAO, • Control disposal of litter and dust, neatness Contractors] and tidiness on site with weekly inspections. • Reduce up lighting and glare [SARAO, SKAO] [SARAO, SKAO] • Proper disposal of litter and dust, neatness and tidiness on site at all time [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Rehabilitate or re-vegetate disturbed areas as soon as practically possible after construction to reduce the indirect landscape and visual impacts associated with exposed soils and possible erosion [Contractors]
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Use of roads and Traffic Management Impact Management Outcomes Impact Management Actions Monitoring • Control unauthorised and potentially The use of roads and access routes in a manner that • No unauthorised access is permitted. Any authorised environmentally destructive access and report results in the avoidance and/ or minimization of clearing for access roads must be done under the to ECO [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] environmental impacts. supervision of the ECO [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Access roads for earthmoving-equipment are clearly • Inspect access roads for earthmoving- designated and be positioned as close as possible to the equipment on weekly basis [SARAO, SKAO, site [Contractors] Contractors] • No driving off from the marked roads is permitted • Inspect demarcation of parking areas with [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] applicable signage [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Designated parking areas is identified and • Inspect demarcation of heritage sites with demarcated with applicable signage [SARAO, SKAO, applicable signage [SARAO] Contractors] • Monitor any impacts to riparian zone during • All vehicles remain on the road and avoid shoulder road construction activities [SARAO, SKAO, or side of the road [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] Contractors] • Heritage sites are demarcated and fenced off within the • Monitor and record any transgression to road reserve of the access routes [SARAO] restrictions on the use of access roads on • Avoid road construction in the riparian zones weekly basis [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] [Contractors] • Monitor state of access routes and roads to • In areas where construction or construction activities minimise erosion and undue surface damage are not necessary/required “NO ENTRY” signs are [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] strategically placed along natural drainage lines, which • Inspect repairs of rutting and potholing when are in close proximity to access routes [SARAO, required [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] Contractors, SKAO] • Inspect stormwater control activities on weekly • Signs are regularly maintained and cleaned [SARAO, basis [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] Contractors] • Monitor gravel or cement spillage on roads on • Restrict construction vehicles to demarcated access, daily basis [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] haulage routes and turning areas [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] Document No.: SKA-TEL-SKO-0001040 Author: T Cheetham Revision: A Page 187 of 239 Date: 2019-09-13
• Members of the workforce are not under the influence • Monitor that no road construction activities of alcohol or narcotic substances while operating vehicles take place through river and stream banks on [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] weekly basis [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Maintain all access routes and roads adequately in order • Verify compliance with the local authority by- to minimise erosion and undue surface damage [SARAO, laws and any other statutory requirements Contractors] relating to traffic [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Repair rutting and potholing and maintain stormwater • Review Method Statements for traffic control mechanisms [SARAO, Contractors] control [SKAO, SARAO] • Clear up any gravel or cement spillage on roads • Verify that all vehicles are in a road- worthy [Contractors] condition [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Runoff from roads is managed to avoid erosion and • Verify validity of all drivers’ driver’s license pollution problems [SARAO, Contractors] [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Access roads are not utilised for recreational activities • Record rate and location of wildlife road [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] collision on monthly basis [SARAO, SKAO, • No off-road driving is permitted, unless authorised Contractors] by the Environmental Officer [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Vehicular access is not permitted into natural areas outside the demarcated construction areas [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Plan for proper access control where routes pass through pristine / sensitive areas, to prevent unauthorised and potentially environmentally destructive access by the workforce. [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Implement a traffic management plan that manages traffic in a manner that minimizes any traffic risks as well as ensuring the safeguarding of life and wellbeing and property [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors]
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• Vehicle traffic does not impact on heritage sites within the road reserve of the planned route (including historical bridges, graves and monuments) [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Minimise movement of people and vehicles on site after dark [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Avoid road traffic in the riparian zones [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Ensure that impediment of normal traffic flows by heavy construction traffic on any roads adjacent to the site is managed by a competent traffic marshal [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Avoid obstruction to traffic or line of sight at intersections and sharp corners [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • All vehicles are in a road-worthy condition [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • All drivers are in possession of a valid driver’s license [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Construction vehicle movement within the construction area are restricted to a maximum of 25 km per hour [Contractors] • All loads transported onto or off the site are secured on vehicles [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Control dust production by regular watering and/or spraying of a dust suppressant chemical (environmentally friendly) of roads and works area [Contractors]
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Alien invasive plant species control Impact Management Outcomes Impact Management Actions Monitoring • Review alien invasive plant species control Alien invasive plant species are controlled • The alien invasive plant species control and management plans include updated information on the and management plans [SANParks] densities and distributions of the different alien • Review records of the consultation with the invasive plant species and detailed control and Natural Resource Management Programme: management options [SANParks] Working for Water of the Department of • Inform the Natural Resource Management Programme: Environmental Affairs (DEA) [SANParks] Working for Water of the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) of the proposed alien invasive plant species control and management activities [SANParks] • Compile invasions maps with info on species and densities, landscape management units, and a detailed history of clearing efforts in the area to feed into the Management Unit Control Planning (MUCP) tool [SANParks, SARAO] • Record any listed alien invasive plants within 50 metres of all working areas (photographs, location and density) and cleared prior to the commencement of construction [Contractors] • Clear all listed alien invasive plants within 50 metres of all working areas prior to the commencement of construction and ensure that a rapid response plan for clearing newly established invasive alien plants is in place [Contractors] • Minimise the risk of pollution during removal and eradication of alien vegetation in watercourses and riparian areas [SANParks, Contractors] Document No.: SKA-TEL-SKO-0001040 Author: T Cheetham Revision: A Page 190 of 239 Date: 2019-09-13
• Maintain stockpiled material and keep clear of weeds and alien vegetation growth by undertaking weekly weeding and control methods [SANParks, Contractors] • Do not place soil stockpiles from areas with alien invasive plants in areas free of alien invasive plants [SANParks, Contractors] • Ensure that materials extracted from borrow pits, quarries and sand mines, for construction activities and rehabilitation, originate from alien invasive plants-free sites [Contractors] • Clean all construction machinery and plant equipment delivered to site for use during the construction phase to limit the introduction of Alien Invasive Plant Species [Contractors] • Undertake removal and eradication of alien vegetation in watercourses and riparian areas with extreme care to limit the risk of pollution and conducted by people trained in herbicide application [SANParks]
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Watercourse crossing Impact Management Outcomes Impact Management Actions Monitoring Minimal hydrological alteration (interruption of natural • All water crossings are designed in such a way that • Review and file Method Statement for the surface and/or subsurface passage of flow and the movement of water is minimally altered [SKAO, construction of watercourse crossings [SKAO] concentration of flows) and fragmentation of aquatic Contractors] • Control erosion impacts within the site on habitat • Prevent erosion of banks of watercourses upstream weekly basis [Contractors] and downstream of crossings and associated • Control sedimentation impacts within the site sedimentation [Contractors] on weekly basis [Contractors] • Prevent impact on the integrity of any in-situ archaeological or heritage deposit [Contractors] • Minimise the alteration of surface and sub- surface flow[Contractors] • Minimise the concentration of flow [Contractors] • Construct temporary crossing surface for the crossing of sandy river beds, moderately marshy or soft soil areas that cannot support construction vehicles [Contractors] • Align drifts with stream bottoms [Contractors] • Ensure diversion of water and stabilisation of working area prior to excavation activities [Contractors] • Check that the natural flow of watercourses is not impeded by fill material [Contractors] • Prevent erosion when cutting through the embankments of a watercourse [Contractors] • Minimise alteration of surface and sub- surface flow to retain connectivity and avoid fragmentation of ecosystems [Contractors]
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• Ensure that the combined diameters of the pipes in the bed stream for low level bridge or culvert crossings is equal to the distance from one embankement to the opposite embankment and have a diameter of approximately the depth of the 1 in 5 to 10 year flood level [Contractors] • Implement bank stabilisation measures when wetland or watercourse banks steeper than 1:5 are denuded during construction [Contractors]
Water management Impact Management Outcomes Impact Management Actions Monitoring Water systems are maintained and impacts on water • Minimise water use [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Annual audits of water systems to identify sources are minimised • No natural watercourse or water body are used for the possible water leakages (develop a water purposes of swimming, personal washing and the balance) [SARAO, SKAO] washing of machinery or clothes [SARAO, SKAO, • Control that Borehole pump is running Contractors] automatically on daily basis [SARAO, • Where possible, recycle treated wastewater for non- Contractors] consumption activities such as dust suppression and • Control that Domestic Pumps are running cleaning of vehicles [Contractors] smoothly and automatically on daily basis • Only treated (purified) wastewater with a count of [SARAO, Contractors] Escherichia coli (abbreviated as E. coli) equal to a • Control normal operation of Domestic Pump maximum of 1000 E. coli /100 ml should be used for dust Valves gate float & non-return valves on suppression activities (the use of drinking water for this daily basis [SARAO, Contractors] activity is not allowed) [Contractors] • Control that Chlorine Dosing Pump is • Avoid concentration of flow and speeding up velocity running automatically, and Chlorine Solution and associated down slope erosion [Contractors] Tank on daily basis [SARAO, Contractors] • Avoid diversion of natural flow pathways. [Contractors] • Control that Check chlorine solution or gas • Maintain natural hydrological regime [Contractors] tanks on daily basis [SARAO, Contractors]
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• Sample & test water for bacteriological quality and free residual chlorine on weekly basis [SARAO, Contractors] • Check of normal operational position of Network Gate Valves (open or closed) on monthly basis [SARAO, Contractors] • Check automatic operation of air valves on monthly basis[SARAO, Contractors] • Operate Fire Hydrant to confirm they are functional and Read Water Meter and check consumption on monthly basis [SARAO, Contractors] • Check of Valve & Meter Chambers: remove covers, check chambers, clear any silt & debris. Clean frames, covers & re-grease, and exercise gate valves (operate from fully open - to fully closed - to fully open & vice versa) on 6-monthly basis [SARAO, Contractors] • Control of Borehole, Borehole Pump, Air Line & Cabling: Agree Maintenance Contract and inspect/replace parts as required in accordance with specialist suppliers contract on yearly basis [SARAO, Contractors] • Control of transfer Pump Set & Ancillaries: Agree Maintenance Contract and inspect/replace parts as required in accordance with specialist suppliers contract on yearly basis [SARAO, Contractors]
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• Control of reverse Osmosis: Agree Maintenance Contract and inspect/replace parts as required in accordance with specialist suppliers contract on yearly basis [SARAO, Contractors] • Control of chlorine Dosing Pump & Ancillaries: Agree Maintenance [SARAO, Contractors] • Contract and inspect/replace parts as required in accordance with specialist suppliers contract on yearly basis [SARAO, Contractors] • Control Cabinet, Control Panel, Electrodes & Ancillaries: Agree Maintenance Contract and inspect/replace parts as required in accordance with specialist suppliers contract on yearly basis [SARAO, Contractors] • Control irrigation of the the site for landscaping or dust control purposes being passed into natural drainage lines [SARAO]
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Separation of storm water and wastewater • The development and implementation of a storm and • Monitor implementation of the storm waste water management plan that aims to allow for the water management plan [SARAO, SKAO] identification, recording, assessing, managing and • Monitor redirection of run-off to prevent monitoring of environmental impacts and risks drainage alteration to sensitive plant associated with storm and waste water [Contractors] populations on site [SARAO, SKAO] • Prevent disposal of earth, stone and rubble into • Review records of the consultation with the stormwater channels, drainage lines or rivers [SARAO, relevant heritage authority [SARAO, SKAO] SKAO, Contractors] • Control erosion impacts within the site on • Prevent impact from runoff or damming of water on weekly basis [Contractors] the integrity of in-situ archaeological or heritage • Monitor peak storm water discharge from deposit [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] the site to identify any increase as a result • Do not store any materials on or within 50 metres of a of construction activities on monthly basis natural drainage system [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] [Contractors] • Prevent gully formation and siltation of the riparian • Monitor storm water channels on weekly resources [Contractors] basis to ensure that they are not blocked • Rehabilitate erosion gullies and rills within the and/or obstructed to ensure their efficient construction area [Contractors] operation [Contractors] • Consult the relevant heritage authority prior to implement erosion prevention strategies within heritage sites [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Prevent surface run-off into excavations with earth berms or similar diversion channels [Contractors] • Prevent any impact resulting from runoff or damming of water on the integrity of in-situ archaeological or heritage deposit [Contractors]
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• Ensure flow attenuation, control of velocities and capture of sediment upstream of natural water courses that result from the work undertaken [Contractors] • Design stormwater outfalls to reduce flow velocity and avoid stream banks and soil erosion [SKAO, Contractors] • Control un-channelled flow to avoid erosion [Contractors] • Channel concentrated flow into detention/attenuation ponds (or areas protected with hay bales or similar structures) for flow minimisation and sediment trapping [Contractors] • Prevent erosion along the power line routes and the access road routes [Contractors] • Revegetate bare areas around construction area as soon as possible to prevent accelerated runoff from construction activities [Contractors] • Implement erosion control measures in case of excessive erosion, loss of soils and creation of gulleys, to reduce surface flow velocity and allow for settlement on site of silt laden surface waters [Contractors] • Install separate stormwater collection areas and interceptors at fuel storage areas and batching plants [Contractors] • Direct stormwater runoff from the stockpile sites and other related areas into the stormwater management system and prevent dispersion into the immediate and surrounding environments. Ensure that stockpiles are located more than 100 metres away from a watercourse [Contractors]
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• Monitor quality of the groundwater No contamination from waste water to other • Prevent contamination of soil, surface or groundwater abstracted at least quarterly during the water bodies. on site by chemicals or hazardous substances [Contractors] construction phase. Groundwater quality • Prevent discharge of water containing polluting matter monitoring must include: pH, Electrical or visible suspended materials into watercourses or conductivity, Total dissolved solids, total water bodies, including drainage lines [Contractors] suspended solids, soap, oil and grease, total alkalinity, free and saline ammonia, ortho- • Place stockpiles outside of the 1:100-year flood-line phosphate, Sulphate, Nitrate, Fluoride, [Contractors] Chloride, Sodium, Magnesium, Calcium, • Design and manage all storage tanks to prevent pollution Potassium, Aluminium, Iron, Manganese, of surface and groundwater, and soils [Contractors] Lead [SARAO, SKAO] • Control use and storage of fuels and chemicals to • Monitor quality of the Surface water at prevent leaching into the ground [SARAO, Contractors] least quarterly during the construction • Fuel and chemical storage containers must be set on a phase where roads sections cross drainage secure bunded platform [SARAO, Contractors] lines or other water resources. Surface • Spillage containment and clean-up measures are water quality monitoring must include: implemented at all time[SARAO, Contractors] turbidity, Electrical conductivity, pH, and • Cement batching activities are undertaken in a any known pollutants [SARAO, SKAO] controlled manner to contain spillages and prevent • Monitor the use and storage of fuels and contamination of soil, surface water and groundwater chemicals on weekly basis to identify any [Contractors] spillages and prevent contamination of soil, • Concrete mixing is carried out in a bunded area and on surface water and groundwater [SARAO, an impermeable surface (such as on mortar boards or SKAO] similar structures) [Contractors] • Monitor cement batching activities on weekly • Vehicles and equipment used at concrete batching basis to identify any spillages and prevent plants are cleaned in demarcated wash bays, using contamination of soil, surface water and cleaning trays where appropriate [Contractors] groundwater [SARAO, SKAO] • Install oil traps on all vehicles wash areas before draining into the sewer system [Contractors] Document No.: SKA-TEL-SKO-0001040 Author: T Cheetham Revision: A Page 200 of 239 Date: 2019-09-13
• Prevent overflow from contaminated water storage • Monitor wash bays on weekly basis to identify facilities and implement protection from rain and any spillages and prevent contamination of flooding [Contractors] soil, surface water and groundwater [SARAO, • Contractors must compile a method statement for the SKAO] workshop maintenance and cleaning of equipment as • Control measures are areas used for the well for refuelling activities under normal and emergency cleaning of equipment and materials on situations [Contractors] weekly basis [SARAO, SKAO] • All maintenance of vehicles and equipment is undertaken in a dedicated workshop area, fitted with a bund wall and a grease trap oil separator [SARAO, Contractors] • The accumulation of grease, fat, oil or solid matter in the grease-trap tank or chamber, is removed as and when required to ensure the effective operation of such grease-trap tank or chamber. Use a mobile refuelling unit and ground protection such as drip trays if on- site servicing and refuelling is required in emergency situations [SARAO, Contractors] • Containers for the cleaning of equipment and materials (paint, solvent) is provided as to avoid spillages. [SARAO, Contractors] • Leaking equipment is repaired or removed from site to facilitate repair [SARAO, Contractors] • Place drip trays under all unused equipment and vehicles parked outside to avoid leakage of oil and fuel [SARAO, Contractors] • Clean and remediate any oil and fuel spills in workshop areas [SARAO, Contractors]
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• Transfer used oils to special waste oil collection drums (as and when required) to prevent accumulation, overspill and potential contamination at the work site [SARAO, Contractors] • Keep wastewater separate from clean stormwater and prevent it from running freely into any of the surrounding naturally vegetated areas [SARAO, Contractors]
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Wastewater management Impact Management Outcomes Impact Management Actions Monitoring Separation of storm water and wastewater to avoid • Treat sewage from the construction camps using a • Inspect pipes and connectors to identify contamination from wastewater to other water Wastewater treatment package plant [Contractors] wear and tear on a weekly basis bodies. • Direct wastewater from the cement/concrete [Contractors] batching areas and workshop areas to an oil • Monitor disposal of used oils and lubricants separator before being dispatched to the wastewater on weekly basis [Contractors] treatment system [Contractors] • Control pollution of water resources within • Dispose of sewage sludge from wastewater treatment the site on weekly basis [SARAO, SKAO, processes at a regional sewage plant via vacuum Contractors] tankers [Contractors] • Control disposal and treatment of waste • The evaporation dam is lined with a thick layer of water on weekly basis [SARAO, SKAO, compacted clay to prevent any infiltration of treated Contractors] wastewater into the groundwater system • Monitor Intake Screens and clear screens on [Contractors] daily basis [Contractors] • The evaporation dam is designed with sloping sides to • Monitor Submersible Transfer Pumps on allow for trapped animals to escape and to prevent daily basis [Contractors] animal casualties [Contractors] • Monitor Submersible Mixer on daily basis [Contractors] • Monitor Blowers on daily basis [Contractors] • Monitor Pump Valves for normal operation of valves on daily basis [Contractors] • Chlorine & FE Dosing Pumps on daily basis [Contractors] • Monitor Chlorine Solution Tank – Check chlorine solution or gas tanks on daily basis [Contractors]
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• Monitor Chlorine Solution Mixture and replenish chlorine solution on weekly basis [Contractors] • Monitor Effluent Quality Tests – Sample & test water for achieved disinfection levels on weekly basis [Contractors] • Monitor Effluent – sampling of incoming and final effluent and dispatch to a Laboratory for analysis and report on monthly basis [Contractors] • Monitor Manholes: remove covers, check manholes, clear any silt & debris on 6- monthly basis [Contractors] • Monitor Gate Valves: Exercise valves (operate from fully open - to fully closed - to fully open & vice versa) on 6-monthly basis [Contractors] • Monitor Transfer Pump Set & Ancillaries: Agree Maintenance Contract and inspect/replace parts as required in accordance with specialist suppliers contract on yearly basis [Contractors] • Monitor Chlorine Dosing Pump & Ancillaries: Agree Maintenance Contract and inspect/replace parts as required in accordance with specialist suppliers contract on yearly basis [Contractors]
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• Monitor Control Cabinet, Control Panel, Electrodes & Ancillaries; Agree Maintenance Contract and inspect/replace parts as required in accordance with specialist suppliers contract on yearly basis [Contractors] • Monitor Pre-digestion: Checking of contamination and solidification in pre- digestion and purge if necessary on yearly basis [Contractors] • Monitor Mechanical & Electrical Equipment: Maintenance, assessment and recording of the condition of all electrical on yearly basis mechanical and other components [Contractors] • Monitor Evaporation Pond: Maintenance of the evaporation pond on yearly basis [Contractors]
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Waste Management Impact Management Outcomes Impact Management Actions Monitoring • Review and file Method Statement for “solid Solid wastes are managed in a manner that results in • Facilitate recycling of all recyclable waste generated waste management” [SARAO, SKAO] the avoidance and/or minimization of health, safety on the site [SARAO, Contractors] • Keep record of proposed licensed facility to and environmental risks. • Separate solid waste into general waste and organic biodegradable waste [SARAO, Contractors] be utilised for auditing purposes [SARAO, • Separate recyclable and non-recyclable wastes in SKAO] clearly labelled and lid-secured bins on the site • Keep record of legal dumping [SARAO, SKAO] [SARAO, Contractors] • Monitor waste segregation/disposal methods • Minimise disposal to landfill of any general waste on a monthly basis [SARAO, SKAO] generated on the site [SARAO, Contractors] • Inspect designated area for wastes (i.e. skips • The contractor must supply a method statement for and waste collection bins) as and when “solid waste management”. The method statement required to verify its condition and integrity, must provide information on proposed licensed facility particularly after rainfall events [SARAO, to be utilised and details of proposed record keeping SKAO] for auditing purposes [Contractors] • Control that wastes are removed from site on • Dispose non-hazardous waste generated on site at a a weekly basis and disposed of at an landfill site recognised and approved by the municipality appropriate landfill site as recommended by [SARAO, Contractors] the municipality [SARAO, SKAO] • Remove chemical containers and packaging brought • File waybills of non-hazardous waste onto the site for disposal at a suitable site [SARAO, disposal at the site office for auditing Contractors] purposes [SARAO, SKAO] • Provide sufficient closed containers in strategic • Control disposal of biodegradable waste location around the construction site to handle the onsite [SARAO, SKAO] amount of litter, wastes, rubbish, debris, and builder’s • Inspect illegal dumping of waste occur on wastes generated on the site [SARAO, Contractors] the site and/or neighbouring farms on • All refuse bins must have a lid secured so that animals monthly basis [SARAO, SKAO] cannot gain access [SARAO, Contractors] Document No.: SKA-TEL-SKO-0001040 Author: T Cheetham Revision: A Page 207 of 239 Date: 2019-09-13
• Collect all litter as and when required from working areas [SARAO, Contractors] • Empty all bins and/or skips as and when required [SARAO, Contractors] • Avoid disposal of any waste, with the exception of organic biodegradable waste that can be buried in a pit excavated for that purpose and covered with layers of soil, incorporating a final 0,5-metre-thick layer of topsoil [SARAO, Contractors] • Prevent illegal dumping of waste within the site and/or neighbouring farms [SARAO, Contractors] • The contractor must supply a method statement • Review and file Method Statement for Hazardous wastes including oils and chemicals are for the storage of hazardous materials at tender “handling and storage of oils and chemicals” managed in a manner that results in the avoidance stage [Contractors] [SARAO, SKAO] and/or minimization of health, safety and • The contractors must provide and maintain a method • Review and file Method Statement for environmental risks statement for “Diesel tanks and refuelling procedures” “emergency spills procedures” [SARAO, SKAO] [Contractors] • Review and file Method Statement for the • The refuelling area must be within the construction storage of hazardous materials [SARAO, camp area and must comply with the relevant SABS SKAO] standards. Refuelling of all machinery must take place • Review and file Method Statement for within this area [Contractors] “Diesel tanks and refuelling procedures” • Place bulk fuel storage tanks on the site on an [SARAO, SKAO] impervious surface that is bunded and able to contain • Review and approve the procedure for at least 110% of the volume of the tanks, with the filler dealing with spills/ fire [SARAO, SKAO] tap inside the bunded area [Contractors] • Maintain records of all spills and • Place the bulk fuel storage tanks in a portion of the corrective actions taken [SARAO, SKAO] construction camp where they do not pose a high • Monitor disposal plan for electrical and risk in terms of water pollution (away from electronic wastes, scrap metal waste and watercourses and boreholes) [Contractors] nuclear based waste [SARAO, SKAO]
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• Minimise the risk of the tanks being ruptured or • Control that no storage of solid or damaged by vehicles by placing bulk fuel storage tanks so hazardous waste occur within heritage sites that they are out of the way of traffic [SARAO, [SARAO, SKAO] Contractors] • Control state and working condition of fire- • Cover the bulk fuel storage areas during the rainy fighting equipment at all hazardous storage season [SARAO, Contractors] areas on monthly basis [SARAO, SKAO, • Fire-fighting equipment must be available at all Contractors] hazardous storage areas [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Control that employees handling hazardous • Seal and store materials such as fuel, oil, paint, substances wear personal protective herbicide and insecticides in bermed areas or under equipment on daily basis [SARAO, SKAO, lock and key, as appropriate, in well-ventilated areas Contractors] [SARAO, Contractors] • Control and record unauthorised access into • Provide training to employees handling hazardous the hazardous substances storage areas on a substances for the safe use of the substance and monthly basis [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] awareness of the potential impacts and follow safety • Control that hazardous chemicals used on measures [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] site have Material Safety Data Sheets and • Personal protective equipment is available at all time to that it is kept up to date on a continuous employees handling hazardous substances [SARAO, basis [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] SKAO, Contractors] • Control all event of collection and disposal of • Maintain Alphabetical Hazardous Chemical Substance hazardous wastes by a suitably qualified and control sheet on a continuous basis [SARAO, SKAO, registered company [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] Contractors] • Maintain Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) must be • Record all spills and corrective action taken prepared for all hazardous substances on site on a [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] continuous basis [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Handle hazardous substances in a safe manner [SARAO, Contractors]
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• Store hazardous substances, not in use, in suitable • Monitor landfill sites identified to bunded storage areas more than 100 metres away from accommodate refuse and hazardous watercourses to prevent soil and groundwater material to determine that the facilities can contamination and environmental degradation [SARAO, handle the type and volume of disposal Contractors] envisaged. If the facilities are found to be • Remove hazardous wastes as and when required and lacking, additional facilities must be dispose of at a hazardous waste disposal facility as identified, or steps must be put in place to recommended by the municipality [SARAO, Contractors] ensure the landfill site has the required • Lay down storage areas/tanks on a smooth capacity [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] impermeable surface (concrete) with a permanent bund to contain a spill/leak from the stored containers, only once containers are in their final position, not in transit, and in a way that does not pose a danger of pollution even during times of high rainfall. The floor of the bund must be sloped, draining to an oil separator [Contractors] • Contractor must provide method statements for the “handling & storage of oils and chemicals”, “fire”, and “emergency spills procedures” [Contractors] • Set drip trays (minimum of 10cm deep) under all vehicles and/or machinery (eg generators) that stand for more than 24 hours [Contractors] • Make sure that the surface area of the drip trays is adapted to the vehicle and/or machine and is large enough to catch any hydrocarbons that may leak from the vehicle and/or machine while standing [Contractors] • The depth of the drip tray must be determined considering the total amount / volume of oil in the vehicle and/or machine [Contractors]
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• The drip tray must be able to contain the volume of oil in the vehicle and/or machine [Contractors] • Spill kits must be available on site and in all vehicles that transport hydrocarbons for dispensing to other vehicles on the construction site. Spill kits must be made up of material/product that is in line with environmental best practice [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • All spilled hazardous substances must be contained in impermeable containers for removal to a licensed hazardous waste site, (this includes contaminated soils, and drenched spill kit material) [SARAO, Contractors] • Ensure that mixing of all chemicals and hazardous materials takes place on a tray or impermeable surface within a temperature- controlled fire proof bunded room [SARAO, Contractors] • Dispose of waste generated from mixing of all chemicals and hazardous materials at an appropriate landfill site as recommended by the municipality [SARAO, Contractors] • Store hazardous materials, fuel and other lubricants, not in use, within a temperature- controlled fire proof bunded room to prevent soil contamination by fuels and other toxic materials [SARAO, Contractors] • Do not store hazardous materials or place temporary ablution facilities within 100 meters of a watercourse or wetland, or within the 1:100-year flood line [Contractors] • Appoint suitably qualified contractors to remove any residue of hazardous substance spillages from site. Contaminated soil must be disposed of at an Document No.: SKA-TEL-SKO-0001040 Author: T Cheetham Revision: A Page 211 of 239 Date: 2019-09-13
appropriate waste facility as recommended by the municipality designated for this purpose [SARAO, Contractors] • The contractor must set up a procedure for dealing with spills/ fire, which will include notifying the ECO and the relevant authorities prior to commencing with construction. These procedures must be developed with consultation and approval by the appointed Environmental Officer. [Contractors]
Dust Impact Management Outcomes Impact Management Actions Monitoring Dust generation is minimised • The contractors must provide and maintain a method • Inspect areas where dust-damping measures statement for “dust control”. The method statement are implemented on weekly basis must provide information on the proposed source of [Contractors] water to be utilised and the details of the licenses • Monitor dust fallout around rock art sites on acquired for such usage [Contractors] monthly basis [Contractors] • Potable water must not be used as a means of dust • No visible evidence of dust contamination on suppression, and alternative measures must be sourced the surrounding environment [Contractors] [Contractors] • Review and file Method Statement for “dust • Water and/or spray roads and construction area with control” [SARAO, SKAO] environmentally friendly dust suppressant chemical • Monitor baseline targets of dust counts on during dry and windy conditions to control dust fallout weekly basis [Contractors] [Contractors] • Monitor visible signs of dust on daily basis • Avoid watering grounds where concrete dust has fallen [Contractors] or can infiltrate into the soil [Contractors] • Keep record of any complaints from • Concrete bags must not be allowed to blow around the interested and Affected parties [SARAO, site and spread cement dust [Contractors] SKAO]
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• Limit site clearing to demarcated areas to prevent • Report incidences to ECO as required dust emission and soil erosion on bare ground [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] [Contractors] • Avoid excavation, handling and transport of erodible materials under high wind conditions or when a visible dust plume is present [Contractors] • Where standard dust suppression measures are not sufficient, main access roads and site camps must be surfaced with a temporary surface such as gravel to assist with dust suppression [Contractors] • Prevent damages to rock art sites identified and demarcated within the site due to dust fallout [Contractors] Noise Impact Management Outcomes Impact Management Actions Monitoring Noise generation is minimised • Restrict the use of sound amplification equipment for • Monitor baseline ambient noise survey on communication and emergency only [SARAO, SKAO, weekly basis including measurement of noise Contractors] levels in accordance with SANS 10103 • Contractors must endeavour to limit unnecessary [Contractors] noise, especially loud talking, shouting or whistling, • Keep record of monitored noise levels during radios, sirens or hooters and motor revving construction [Contractors] [Contractors] • Record and address complaints from • The use of silent compressors is a specific requirement interested and affected parties including [Contractors] staff on site and surrounding landowners on monthly basis or as required based on • Work hours during the construction phase (07h00 – special requests [SARAO, SKAO] 18h00) must be strictly enforced unless permission is given. Permission must not be granted without consultation with the local residents and businesses by the Environmental Officer [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors]
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• Conduct blasting, piling or any other ‘noisy’ activities during work hours only unless permitted by the Environmental Officer [Contractors] • Inform residents and businesses adjacent to the development in writing 24 hours prior to any planned activities that will be unusually noisy or any other activities that could reasonably have an impact on the adjacent sites [Contractors] • Maintain all vehicles in a good working order to reduce noise pollution [SARAO, Contractors]
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Flora and fauna Impact Management Outcomes Impact Management Actions Monitoring Impacts on fauna and flora are minimised and their • No development is undertaken in areas delineated as • Control extent of construction activities habitats protected or minimally disturbed. unsuitable for development6 [SARAO, SKAO, within demarcated areas [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] Contractors] • Restrict construction activities to demarcated areas • Monitor new and existing powerlines on-site [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] [SARAO]. • Ensure optimal use of already disturbed areas and • Record bird mortalities and inform minimal indigenous vegetation clearance [Contractors] Endangered Wildlife Trust (EWT) and Birdlife • Design new access roads to follow contours in hilly South Africa (BLSA) [SARAO] areas [SKAO, Contractors] • Monitor bat activity levels within footprint • Minimise impacts on drainage lines [Contractors] area [SARAO, SANParks] • • Avoid excavation or construction activity within the Inspect backfilled trenches [Contractors] riparian zone [Contractors] • Record road kill incidents [SARAO, SKAO, • Limit the introduction of foreign gravel material to the Contractors] construction areas [Contractors] • Monitor state and location of markers and • Unauthorised poaching/hunting/intentional killing of bird flappers on powerlines on a monthly any animal is strictly forbidden within the protected basis [SARAO] area and constitute a criminal offence [SARAO, SKAO, • Control signalisation of protected and Contractors] specially protected plants within • Collision risks to birds are minimised with markers and construction areas on a weekly basis bird flappers on powerlines, particularly on powerlines [Contractors] adjacent to seasonally flooded areas [Contractors] • Control spacing between photovoltaic panels • Remove nests from dish-antennas to prevent population [Contractors] establishment in the operation footprint area[SARAO] • Monitor vegetation re-growth/ animal re- • Restrict the amount of movement of people and colonisation on groundcover within the solar vehicles on site after dark [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] field on a monthly basis. [SARAO]
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• Instruct drivers to reduce road kill [SARAO, SKAO, • Review strategy for identified internal fences Contractors] removal within the SKA land core area • Use underpasses in combination with fencing on [SARAO, SANParks] stretches of roads with anticipated high road kill • Control the state of the jackal-proof fencing frequency [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] around the boundary of the SKA telescope • Signal the location of protected and specially protected core and verify that repairs and maintenance plants by means of hazard tape [SARAO, SKAO, activities are conducted where required on a Contractors] monthly basis [SARAO, SANParks] • Fit spikes or bird discouragers on poles in vulnerable wetland areas [Contractors] • Fit wood pole structures with Bird Friendly structures [Contractors] • Prevent electrocution risks on power lines especially for birds with wingspans >2.0 metres between 2 live conductors or between live and earth phases [Contractors] • Consult Endangered Wildlife Trust (EWT) and Birdlife South Africa (BLSA) if any bird fatalities are recorded onsite [SARAO] • Do not disturb breeding sites of raptors and other wild birds’ species discovered onsite [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Do not disturb bats roosts discovered onsite [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Ensure sufficient spacing between photovoltaic panels to allow for sunlight to reach the groundcover to promote ecological succession and animal re-colonisation [Contractors]
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• Reduce the number of identified internal fences within the SKA land core area to enable wildlife movement [SARAO, SANParks] • Prevent any interference with livestock of neighbouring properties without the landowner’s written consent [SARAO, SKAO, SANParks, Contractors] Risks and impacts resulting of vegetation clearance • During clearing of vegetation, remove topsoil and store it • Monitor storage of topsoil [SKAO, SARAO] are minimised in low berms adjacent to the construction area and • Control state of watercourses and water upslope for re- spreading during rehabilitation features [SKAO, SARAO] [Contractors] • Control that debris are appropriately • The contractors must provide and maintain a method disposed of [SKAO, SARAO] statement for “management of topsoil” which includes • Record any impact on protected and the top layer of soil containing organic material, endangered species or species of conservation nutrients and plant seeds [Contractors] concern [SKAO, SARAO] • Strip topsoil after the clearing of vegetation and before • Inspect construction areas and adjacent excavation or construction commences [Contractors] areas to identify potential erosion [SKAO, • Ripping must be done to a depth of 250 mm in two SARAO] directions at right angles and as appropriately stated by • Inspect that the topsoil is stripped from engineer [Contractors] permanent works, pipeline trenches, • Following the clearing of an area, the surfaces of all stockpiles, access roads, construction exposed slopes are roughened to retain water and camps and lay down areas on weekly basis increase infiltration [Contractors] [SKAO, SARAO] • Keep rivers, watercourses and other water bodies • Review and file Method Statement for clear of felled trees, vegetation cuttings and debris “management of topsoil” [SKAO, SARAO] [Contractors] • Dispose of debris resulting from clearing and pruning at an appropriate waste disposal facility as recommended by the municipality [SARAO, Contractors]
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• Retain existing vegetation along the boundaries of the construction areas to assist in the control of sediment dispersal from exposed areas and reduce erosion risks [Contractors] • Complete searching, rescue and replanting of all protected and endangered species or species of conservation concern likely to be damaged during construction prior to clearing.
The reduction of the abundance of species of • Implement plant rescue and translocation plan • Review baseline for demarcated construction conservation concern is prevented and the [Contractors] areas which will be used for rehabilitation ecological integrity of the site is maintained • Implement plant revegetation and rehabilitation plan activities [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] [Contractors] • Monitor implementation and outcomes of • Where protection cannot be achieved by avoidance, the plant rescue and translocation plan translocate succulent and bulb plants to adjacent [SARAO, SKAO] habitat [Contractors] • Record baseline of translocation areas • Map and take photographs of the translocation areas [SARAO, SKAO] before and after translocation [Contractors] • Verify that sloped areas (including river • Translocate plants in the same soil type and depth and banks) are stabilised and erosion controlled. outside of the demarcated construction area [SARAO, SKAO] [Contractors] • Monitor implementation and outcomes of • Do not translocate herbaceous and woody plants the revegetation and rehabilitation plan [Contractors] [SARAO, SKAO] • • Re-establish protected herbaceous plant species from Report on revegetation and habitat seed during the rehabilitation activities and woody rehabilitation activities [SARAO, SKAO] species replaced by nursery-grown plants [Contractors]
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• At the end of construction, the site camp must be fully construction activities involving the removal, rehabilitated by removing the temporary surface, translocation, transport of indigenous, ripping the area to loosen the soil and the area must be protected and specially protected plants. re- vegetated with locally indigenous vegetation only, [SARAO, SKAO] according to the landscape development plan for the project [Contractors] • Mulch all disturbed areas to encourage vegetation re- growth [Contractors] • Remove weeds, rip compacted subsoil, and reinstate topsoil layers prior to rehabilitation activities [Contractors] • Use locally-sourced seed of indigenous grass species that were recorded on site during the pre-construction phase for the re- seeding, supplemented with translocation of succulents and bulbs from adjacent areas [Contractors] • Use nursery-grown Acacia erioloba to replace felled specimens where maintenance of the trees is feasible [Contractors] • Ensure that topsoil stockpiles are kept separate from other stockpiled materials for later use in rehabilitation requirements [Contractors] • In case of windy conditions or heavy rain, stockpiles must be protected [Contractors] • Rip and rehabilitate compacted areas caused by stockpiling as construction progresses [Contractors] • Integrate revegetation and habitat rehabilitation activities with the surrounding landscape to address the upstream and downstream causes of degradation [Contractors]
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Heritage, Archaeological, and palaeontological resources Impact Management Outcomes Impact Management Actions Monitoring Archeological, Palaeontological and Heritage • Develop and implement the Heritage Conservation • Monitor and report the outcomes of the resources protected and/or managed Management Plan, Find Procedure for Heritage resources Chance Find Procedure and Fossil Find and Fossil Finds Procedure [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] Procedure [SARAO, SKAO] • Consult the relevant heritage authority for any • Review and update SAHRIS case files for amendment to the Heritage Conservation Management SKA1_MID infrastructure [SARAO, SKAO] Plan, Find Procedure for Heritage resources and Fossil • Review and record outcomes of consultation Finds Procedure [SARAO] of the relevant heritage authority [SARAO, • Submit any update to micro-sitting of the SKA1_MID SKAO] infrastructure and onsite activities to the SAHRIS case file • Monitor the state of the Grade IIIb heritage for record keeping [SARAO] resources within the site on annual basis • Maintain demarcation and signalisation of farmhouse, [SARAO, SKAO] graves corbelled houses and other national monuments • Submit outcomes of monitoring activities to within the site [SARAO] the relevant heritage authority for comment • Prevent impacts to farmhouse, graves corbelled houses and record keeping [SARAO, SKAO] and other national monuments within the site [SARAO, • Review full recording and grading of SKAO, Contractors] historical farmsteads within construction • Prior to construction activities coming within 10m of any areas and inclusion into the Heritage cultural and heritage sites identified in chapter 3 of the Conservation Management Plan [SARAO] IEMP within the SEA study area, the necessary permits • Submit full recording and grading of from the relevant heritage authority must be obtained historical farmsteads within construction [SARAO, SKAO] areas to the relevant heritage authority for • Consult the relevant heritage authority for exhumation or comment and record keeping [SARAO] removal of graves [SARAO, SKAO] • Control demarcation and signalisation of • Inform the relevant heritage authority of any heritage farmhouse, graves corbelled houses and resources identified onsite [SARAO, SKAO] other national monuments within the site. [SARAO, SANParks]
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• Include the final location of proposed borrow pit and • Control state of demarcation and quarries in the Heritage Conservation Management Plan signalisation of the cluster of graves inside [SARAO] the road reserve of the DR2996 and DR2337 • Consult the relevant heritage authority if any gravel roads between Carnarvon and construction activities must occur within dolerite Brandvlei [NC Dept of Roads & Public Works] outcrops, Grade IIIA resources and within 100m of a river • Control state of protective barrier, road bed [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] signage and rumble strip to both approaches • Consult the relevant heritage authority if any construction to the Konka farm [NC Dept of Roads & Public activities must occur on the Lower Beaufort Group Works] geological formation (Abrahamskraal Formation) [SARAO, • Record date and location of any human SKAO, Contractors] remains, archaeological, palaeontological and • Avoid consolidated alluvial deposits along major water meteorite materials uncovered on the site courses [Contractors] [SKAO, SARAO] • Consult the relevant heritage authority for removal of • Keep record of any archaeological artefacts Grade IIIc heritage resources [SARAO, SKAO, uncovered during construction activities Contractors] [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Avoid cluster of graves inside the road reserve of the • File notifications sent to the ECO, consultation DR2996 and DR2337 gravel roads between Carnarvon with the relevant heritage authority and on- and Brandvlei [Contractors] site archaeological surveys. [SARAO, SKAO, • Maintain demarcation and signalisation of the cluster Contractors] of graves inside the road reserve of the DR2996 and DR2337 gravel roads between Carnarvon and Brandvlei [SARAO] • Maintain protective barrier, road signage and rumble strip to both approaches to the Konka farm, which contains two corbelled houses which are declared National Monument, along the provincial road which provide access to the SKA site [NC Dept of Roads & Public Works]
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• Consult the relevant heritage authority for demolition of any building within the site [SARAO] • Should any archaeological artefacts be exposed during construction activities, work on the area where the artefacts were found must cease immediately and the ECO must be notified within 24 hours. Upon receipt of such notification, the ECO will arrange for the excavation to be examined by an Archaeologist [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Preserve and manage new archaeological finds discovered onsite during construction [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Under no circumstances must archaeological artefacts be, destroyed or interfered with [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Do not disturb archaeological sites exposed during demolition or construction activities prior to authorisation by the relevant heritage authority [SARAO, SKAO, Contractors] • Inform the relevant heritage authority of any human remains, archaeological, palaeontological and meteorite materials uncovered on the site [SARAO, SKAO]
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Socio-Economic Impact Management Outcomes Impact Management Actions Monitoring Enhanced socio-economic development • Develop and implement communication strategies to • Report on conflict resolution activities as part facilitate public participation [SARAO] of the external stakeholder engagement • Develop and implement a collaborative and process on annual basis [SARAO, SKAO] constructive approach to conflict resolution as part of • Compile comment and response trail of all the external stakeholder engagement process [SARAO] communications with neighbouring owners • Sustain regular communication and liaison with and residents of the SKA land core area and neighbouring owners and residents of the SKA land owners and residents of the land parcels in core area and owners and residents of the land parcels the SKA1_MID spiral arms [SARAO, SKAO] in the SKA1_MID spiral arms [SARAO, SKAO] • Review and maintain interested and affected • Develop and maintain a comment and response trail of parties database. [SARAO] all communications with neighbouring owners and • Record notes of the yearly public meeting residents of the SKA land core area and owners and in Carnarvon [SARAO, SKAO] residents of the land parcels in the SKA1_MID spiral arms • Report on training and employment [SARAO, SKAO] opportunities are offered to retrenched farm • Notify all registered interested and affected parties of workers (and dependents) on biannual basis SKA progress and SKA socio- economic initiatives [SARAO, SKAO] [SARAO, SKAO] • Review and file all supporting documentation • Update and maintain a database of all interested and on consultation with the KUG [SARAO] affected parties who have registered their interest in • Monitor the satisfaction of external the SKA project, the SEA process, the AGA regulations stakeholders represented by the KUG with the consultations as well as other initiatives related to the provision of telecommunication services SKA project [SARAO] [SARAO] • Create work and training opportunities for local • Compile a comment and response trail of all stakeholders where possible [SARAO, SKAO] inputs and comments received from stakeholders on the studies on available communication technology options [SARAO]
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• Conduct a first-order assessment of skills and experience of retrenched farm workers to enable placement within positions in South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO), including salary packages [SARAO] • Assess training required for retrenched farm workers to be placed in positions in the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO) (including artisan- training and further agricultural/land management training) [SARAO] • Identify schooling requirements for retrenched farm workers dependents and potential to participate in the SKA Schools Programme, where possible [SARAO] • Establish regular (at least quarterly) stakeholders forums including local communities, local and district municipalities, local NGOs and local organisations such as SALGA and CogTA, to local communities in the surrounding towns informed and obtain stakeholders inputs for the pre-construction phase [SARAO, SKAO] • Organise a yearly public meeting in Carnarvon to report back on the implementation of the IEMP (including the EMPr) and the progress of the long- term research and monitoring programmes conducted in the SKA land core area [SARAO, SKAO] • Establish a key user group (KUG) for consultation on the deployment of alternative communication technologies within the site [SARAO] • Ensure that the KUG is fully consulted in the development of requirements for the preparation of any tenders for replacement communication systems [SARAO] Document No.: SKA-TEL-SKO-0001040 Author: T Cheetham Revision: A Page 224 of 239 Date: 2019-09-13
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• Provide telecommunication services through a variety of Alternative communication technologies are technical solutions that satisfies: [SARAO] deployed. o the mobile and fixed communication needs of local stakeholders affected by the restrictions in consultation with the KUG, o the conditions and standards on telecommunication services prescribed by the regulations for the protection of radio astronomy; and o in compliance with the requirements for protection of the SKA. • Deploy technologies consistent with technologies as delivered by the market and subject to technology upgrades in consultation with the KUG [SARAO] • Consult experts trained and experienced in Very high frequency (VHF) and Ultra high frequency (UHF) radio- based applications, Microwave links, Fibre optic links and backbone trunks and Radio based Wide Area Networks and associated practical applications to assess available communication technology options, in consultation with the KUG [SARAO] • Assess suitability of deployed communication technology alternatives for areas that will be completely affected, as well as areas that will be less, or minimally affected as a result of the SKA1_MID, in consultation with the KUG [SARAO]
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• Assess suitability of deployed communication technology alternatives for work communications between farm manager and staff, social communications with friends and family, emergency communications, internet research and online banking or similar applications, in consultation with the KUG [SARAO]
Enhance positive impacts on local communities and • Conduct independent socio-economic surveys to • Review outcomes of the socio- economic the local economy determine the positive and negative socio-economic surveys [SARAO] impacts experienced as a result of the SKA development • Verify public access to the results of socio- and to adapt on-going strategies and initiatives to economic surveys [SARAO] enhance the positive impacts and reduce the negative • Compile comment and response trail of all impacts on local communities, the local economy as well inputs and comments received on the as further impacts identified at regional or national scale community development projects and [SARAO] other corporate social responsibility • Consult relevant authorities, conservation organisations initiatives of the South African Radio and local communities on community development Astronomy Observatory (SARAO) [SARAO] projects and other corporate social responsibility • Report on activities for the Astro- tourism initiatives of the SKA project [SARAO] in the Astro-Region and the Northern Cape • Develop a programme of monitoring and evaluation of [SARAO] the community development projects and corporate • Report on social, heritage and social responsibility initiatives of the SKA project [SARAO, environmental programmes [SARAO] SKAO] • Verify public accessibility of the progress • Assess the need and desirability of the community reports [SARAO] development projects [SARAO] • Compile comment and response trail of all inputs and comments received on the progress reports [SARAO]
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• Present programme of monitoring and evaluation of the community development projects and corporate social responsibility initiatives of the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO) at the stakeholders’ forums for comments and inputs [SARAO] • Promote national and regional awareness of the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO) Human Development Capital Programme [SARAO] • Establish a long-term strategic plan to optimise and align the various South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO) Human Development Capital Programme investments already made by South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO) and other state agencies in the Astro-Region [SARAO] • Promote Astro-tourism in the Astro-Region and the Northern Cape by sharing/displaying more information on the SKA project with interested and affected parties and collaborate with relevant stakeholders to create an Astro-route and associated tourism attractions [SARAO, SKAO, Department of Tourism, Science & Innovation] • Submit progress reports on community development projects, proposed impact management actions and strategies to relevant government departments and municipalities affected by the SKA development as required [SARAO]
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• Release progress reports on community development projects, proposed impact management actions and strategies for public review and comments and inform local communities and registered interested and affected parties of public participation process as required [SARAO] • Participate to social, heritage and environmental programmes in collaboration with the Municipalities, the business community, NGOs, and the provincial/national government [SARAO]
ANNEXURE D: HERITAGE COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION
Table 1 Preventative Protection Measures
Time Period for Activity Phase Aspect Management and Mitigation Requirements Compliance with Standards Implementation
Pre-construction Implement project-specific Chance Find Protocol ( CFP) Construction Operation
Development footprints underlain by lithologies of moderate to very-high palaeontological sensitivity must be monitored during construction (Refer to Construction 2.2). The National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act No. SA-016 must be recorded in detail, this may include inter alia, distribution 25 of 1999) Regulations to the National Heritage Resources Act Construction of and density mapping, surface collections and test excavations subject to the (GN R 548) above and below approval of a Section 35 Permit; Construction Palaeontology South African Heritage Resources Minimum ground power A Watching Brief undertaken by a suitably qualified and accredited Standards: Archaeological and Palaeontological cables Construction archaeologist must be completed during earth moving activities to record all Components of Impact Assessment Reports material cultural remains that may be exposed; International Finance Corporation Performance The results of the Watching Brief must be compiled into a Watching Brief Standards 8: Cultural Heritage Report and submitted to SAHRA for noting.
A minimum buffer of 50 m must be established around known possible burial grounds and graves sites HER-SKA008; HER-SKA016; HER-SKA027; HER-SKA056; BGG-001 and BGG-002; Buffers must be clearly demarcated and signage placed to indicate the Construction presence of the resource; BGGs within the Meerkat National Park must be maintained throughout the life of the Project
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Time Period for Activity Phase Aspect Management and Mitigation Requirements Compliance with Standards Implementation
A minimum buffer of 50 m must be established around known Rock Art sites RA-003, RA-004, RA-006, RA-007, RA-008, RA-009; RA-010; HER-
SKA004; HER-SKA013; HER-SKA068; and HER-SKA069 Construction Buffers must be clearly demarcated and signage placed to indicate the presence of the resource;
The National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act No. Implement project-specific CFP. 25 of 1999) Regulations to the National Heritage Resources Act Construction (GN R 548) Archaeology South African Heritage Resources Minimum Construction of Standards: Archaeological and Palaeontological above and below Development footprints within defined high to very archaeological sensitivity Construction Components of Impact Assessment Reports Construction ground power locations must be monitored during construction (Refer to 2.2). International Finance Corporation Performance cables Standards 8: Cultural Heritage
Powerline pylons must be galvanised / painted in natural hue to minimise Visual visual disturbance; - Construction Trenched areas rehabilitated and revegetated with indigenous species
The National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act No. 25 of 1999) Regulations to the National Heritage Resources Act (GN R 548) Construction of Construction Palaeontology Implement project-specific CFP. South African Heritage Resources Minimum camps Standards: Archaeological and Palaeontological Construction Components of Impact Assessment Reports International Finance Corporation Performance Standards 8: Cultural Heritage
Development footprints underlain by lithologies of moderate to very-high Construction of The National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act No. Construction Palaeontology palaeontological sensitivity must be monitored during construction ((Refer to Construction camps 25 of 1999) 2.2). Regulations to the National Heritage Resources Act
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Time Period for Activity Phase Aspect Management and Mitigation Requirements Compliance with Standards Implementation
(GN R 548) Development footprints within defined high to very-high archaeological South African Heritage Resources Minimum Construction sensitivity locations must be monitored during construction (Refer to 2.2). Standards: Archaeological and Palaeontological Archaeology Components of Impact Assessment Reports International Finance Corporation Performance Implement project-specific CFP. Standards 8: Cultural Heritage Construction
Existing historical structures to be maintained in accordance with Historic Built Environment Assessment; New metal structures must be galvanised or painted a natural hue with Visual matt finish; - Construction Lights must be directed inwards; Down lighting to be used, low-pressure sodium lights to minimise light pollution
Construction Implement project-specific CFP. Construction Palaeontology The National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act No. Development footprints underlain by lithologies of moderate to very high 25 of 1999) palaeontological sensitivity must be monitored during construction (Refer to Regulations to the National Heritage Resources Act Construction Construction of new 2.2). (GN R 548) access roads and / South African Heritage Resources Minimum or antennae base Establish a 50 m buffer around known multi-layered sites HER-SKA014; Standards: Archaeological and Palaeontological HER-SKA056; MXD-001; MXD-002 and MXD-003; Components of Impact Assessment Reports Buffers must be clearly demarcated and signage placed to indicate the International Finance Corporation Performance Archaeology presence of the resource; Standards 8: Cultural Heritage Construction Access roads routed through the defined buffer must be realigned to remove potential impacts
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Time Period for Activity Phase Aspect Management and Mitigation Requirements Compliance with Standards Implementation
Establish a 50 m buffer around known stone age sites with low CS SA-001; SA-002; SA-005; SA-006; SA-007; SA-009; SA-012; SA-013; SA-014; SA-
015; SA-017; Construction Access roads routed through the defined buffer must be realigned to remove potential impacts
SA-016 must be recorded in detail, this may include inter alia, distribution and density mapping, surface collections and test excavations subject to the approval of a Section 35 Permit;
A Watching Brief undertaken by a suitably qualified and accredited Construction archaeologist must be completed during earth moving activities to record all material cultural remains that may be exposed; The National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act No. The results of the Watching Brief must be compiled into a Watching Brief 25 of 1999) Report and submitted to SAHRA for noting. Regulations to the National Heritage Resources Act Construction of new (GN R 548) access roads and / Construction Archaeology South African Heritage Resources Minimum or antennae base A minimum buffer of 50 m must be established around known possible Standards: Archaeological and Palaeontological burial grounds and graves sites HER-SKA008; HER-SKA016; HER- Components of Impact Assessment Reports SKA027; HER-SKA056; BGG-001 and BGG-002; International Finance Corporation Performance Buffers must be clearly demarcated and signage placed to indicate the Standards 8: Cultural Heritage Construction presence of the resource; BGGs within the Meerkat National Park must be maintained throughout the life of the Project
A minimum buffer of 50 m must be established around known Rock Art sites RA-003, RA-004, RA-006, RA-007, RA-008, RA-009; RA-010; HER-
SKA004; HER-SKA013; HER-SKA068; and HER-SKA069 Construction Buffers must be clearly demarcated and signage placed to indicate the presence of the resource;
Implement project-specific CFP. Construction
Development footprints within defined high to very high archaeological The National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act No. Construction Archaeology Construction sensitivity locations must be monitored during construction (Refer to 2.2). 25 of 1999) Regulations to the National Heritage Resources Act Document No.: SKA-TEL-SKO-0001040 Author: T Cheetham Revision: A Page 233 of 239 Date: 2019-09-13
Time Period for Activity Phase Aspect Management and Mitigation Requirements Compliance with Standards Implementation
(GN R 548) South African Heritage Resources Minimum Standards: Archaeological and Palaeontological Components of Impact Assessment Reports International Finance Corporation Performance Construction of new Standards 8: Cultural Heritage access roads and / or antennae base Employ dust suppression techniques to reduce dust generation; The Solar PV Plants must be painted a natural hue with matt finish to blend Visual into the surrounding environment as far as possible. If it is intended to - Construction remain unpainted, they must be galvanised so as to weather to a matt grey finish;
Implement project-specific CFP. Construction Development footprints underlain by lithologies of moderate to very high palaeontological sensitivity must be monitored during construction (Refer to The National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act No. Construction 2.2). 25 of 1999) Regulations to the National Heritage Resources Act (GN R 548) Construction of the Construction Palaeontology SA-016 must be recorded in detail, this may include inter alia, distribution South African Heritage Resources Minimum fibre optic network and density mapping, surface collections and test excavations subject to Standards: Archaeological and Palaeontological the approval of a Section 35 Permit; Components of Impact Assessment Reports International Finance Corporation Performance A Watching Brief undertaken by a suitably qualified and accredited Standards 8: Cultural Heritage archaeologist must be completed during earth moving activities to record Construction all material cultural remains that may be exposed; The results of the Watching Brief must be compiled into a Watching Brief Report and submitted to SAHRA for noting.
A minimum buffer of 50 m must be established around known possible The National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act No. Construction of the burial grounds and graves sites HER-SKA008; HER-SKA016; HER- 25 of 1999) Construction Archaeology fibre optic network SKA027; HER-SKA056; BGG-001 and BGG-002; Regulations to the National Heritage Resources Act Construction Buffers must be clearly demarcated and signage placed to indicate the (GN R 548) presence of the resource; South African Heritage Resources Minimum
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Time Period for Activity Phase Aspect Management and Mitigation Requirements Compliance with Standards Implementation
BGGs within the Meerkat National Park must be maintained throughout the Standards: Archaeological and Palaeontological life of the Project Components of Impact Assessment Reports International Finance Corporation Performance Standards 8: Cultural Heritage A minimum buffer of 50 m must be established around known Rock Art sites RA-003, RA-004, RA-006, RA-007, RA-008, RA-009; RA-010; HER-
SKA004; HER-SKA013; HER-SKA068; and HER-SKA069 Construction Buffers must be clearly demarcated and signage placed to indicate the presence of the resource;
Implement project-specific CFP. Construction Development footprints within defined high to very high archaeological Construction sensitivity locations must be monitored during construction (Refer to 2.2).
Construction of the Construction Visual Trenched areas rehabilitated and revegetated with indigenous species - Construction fibre optic network
Implement project-specific CFP. Construction Palaeontology Development footprints underlain by lithologies of moderate to very high The National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act No. palaeontological sensitivity must be monitored during construction (Refer to 25 of 1999) Construction Establishment of 2.2). Regulations to the National Heritage Resources Act Construction borrow pits (GN R 548) Development footprints within defined high to very high archaeological South African Heritage Resources Minimum Construction sensitivity locations must be monitored during construction (Refer to 2.2). Standards: Archaeological and Palaeontological Archaeology Components of Impact Assessment Reports International Finance Corporation Performance Implement project-specific CFP. Standards 8: Cultural Heritage Construction Construction Palaeontology Implement project-specific CFP Construction
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Time Period for Activity Phase Aspect Management and Mitigation Requirements Compliance with Standards Implementation
Development footprints underlain by lithologies of moderate to very high palaeontological sensitivity must be monitored during construction (Refer to Construction 2.2).
Establishment of Development footprints within defined high to very archaeological stone quarries Construction sensitivity locations must be monitored during construction (Refer to 2.2). Archaeology
Implement project-specific CFP Construction
Implement project-specific CFP Construction Upgrade of existing Construction Palaeontology roads Development footprints underlain by lithologies of moderate to very high palaeontological sensitivity must be monitored during construction (Refer to Construction 2.2).
Development footprints within defined high to very high archaeological The National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act No. Construction sensitivity locations must be monitored during construction (Refer to 2.2). 25 of 1999) Regulations to the National Heritage Resources Act (GN R 548) Archaeology South African Heritage Resources Minimum Standards: Archaeological and Palaeontological Upgrade of existing Implement project-specific CFP. Construction Components of Impact Assessment Reports roads International Finance Corporation Performance Construction Standards 8: Cultural Heritage
In as far as feasible, seal roads to limit dust generation; Visual Employ dust suppression techniques to reduce dust generation; - Construction Implement speed limits on gravel roads to reduce dust generation.
Document No.: SKA-TEL-SKO-0001040 Author: T Cheetham Revision: A Page 236 of 239 Date: 2019-09-13
ANNEXURE E: SARAO RFI PERMITS / CoCs TEMPLATE SARAO RFI Permit No RFI Notice Type A Date Issued RFI Permit Valid Until Part 1: Description of RFI Source / Culprit 1.1. Short description of equipment
1.2. Equipment make / brand name and Model 1.3. What will the equipment be used for? 1.4. Will the equipment be Permanent or Temporary? 1.5. Date deployed to site 1.6. Date to be removed from site (if applicable) 1.7 Contact1 Name and Organisation 1.8 Contact1 email 1.9 Contact2 Name and Organisation 1.10 Contact2 email Part 2: RFI Test 2.1 RFI Test - Test Facility 2.2 RFI Test date 2.3 RFI Test report reference Part 3: Restrictions on Location and Use 3.1 This equipment may be used only within the following zones as indicated below Zone 0: Within 20m from Zone 1: Inner Core (1500m) Receptor / Dish Zone 2: Outer Core (5000m) Zone 3: PAPER/HERA (300m) Zone 4: Airstrip (750m) Zone 5: KAT-7 (300m) Zone 6: Meysdam Farmhouse / Zone 7: High Elevation Site (300m) camp(300m) Zone 8A: Inside KAPB Zone 8BA: KAPB Inside underground
Screened rooms building Zone 8C: Site Complex (above Zone 9: Losberg Farmhouse / Camp(300m) ground) Zone 10A: Bergsig Farmhouse Zone 10B: Visserskloof Farmhouse / camp / camp
Zone 10C: Swartfontein Zone 10D: HIRAX Site Farmhouse / camp Zone 11: Servitude Farms in Zone 12: Servitude Farms in Carnarvon
Williston Spiral Spiral Zone 13: Servitude Farms in Zone 14: Surrounding Farms (Not in
Brandvlei Spiral Spirals) Zone 15: Klerefontein Support Zone 16A: Carnarvon Town & POP Base Zone 16B: Carnarvon Zone 16C: Williston Town Electrical Substation Zone 16C: Branvlei Town Zone 16C: Vanwyksvlei Town
3.2. Restrictions on Day / Night use
3.3 Do Not use after (time) 3.4 Do Not use before (time)
3.5 Other Restrictions
Document No.: SKA-TEL-SKO-0001040 Author: T Cheetham Revision: A Page 238 of 239 Date: 2019-09-13
Part 4 Signatures Name and Signature Date Organisation Requested by
Supported by
Approved by (RFI Manager) Accepted by (Site Manager)
Document No.: SKA-TEL-SKO-0001040 Author: T Cheetham Revision: A Page 239 of 239 Date: 2019-09-13