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Twenty-Four Conservative-Liberal Thinkers Part I Hannes H
Hannes H. Gissurarson Twenty-Four Conservative-Liberal Thinkers Part I Hannes H. Gissurarson Twenty-Four Conservative-Liberal Thinkers Part I New Direction MMXX CONTENTS Hannes H. Gissurarson is Professor of Politics at the University of Iceland and Director of Research at RNH, the Icelandic Research Centre for Innovation and Economic Growth. The author of several books in Icelandic, English and Swedish, he has been on the governing boards of the Central Bank of Iceland and the Mont Pelerin Society and a Visiting Scholar at Stanford, UCLA, LUISS, George Mason and other universities. He holds a D.Phil. in Politics from Oxford University and a B.A. and an M.A. in History and Philosophy from the University of Iceland. Introduction 7 Snorri Sturluson (1179–1241) 13 St. Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) 35 John Locke (1632–1704) 57 David Hume (1711–1776) 83 Adam Smith (1723–1790) 103 Edmund Burke (1729–1797) 129 Founded by Margaret Thatcher in 2009 as the intellectual Anders Chydenius (1729–1803) 163 hub of European Conservatism, New Direction has established academic networks across Europe and research Benjamin Constant (1767–1830) 185 partnerships throughout the world. Frédéric Bastiat (1801–1850) 215 Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859) 243 Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) 281 New Direction is registered in Belgium as a not-for-profit organisation and is partly funded by the European Parliament. Registered Office: Rue du Trône, 4, 1000 Brussels, Belgium President: Tomasz Poręba MEP Executive Director: Witold de Chevilly Lord Acton (1834–1902) 313 The European Parliament and New Direction assume no responsibility for the opinions expressed in this publication. -
Eli Heckscher,Sweden,Liberalism
Discuss this article at Journaltalk: http://journaltalk.net/articles/5902 ECON JOURNAL WATCH 13(1) January 2016: 75–99 Eli Heckscher’s Ideological Migration Toward Market Liberalism Benny Carlson1 LINK TO ABSTRACT Sweden is a country that is often misunderstood by outsiders, and even by Swedes themselves. From the latter part of the nineteenth century, Sweden’s eco- nomic policies were quite liberal, and for 100 years, say from 1870 to 1970, the economy grew rapidly (see Schön 2011; Bergh 2014). During this period Sweden enjoyed relatively high-quality public debate—a tradition in which Sweden still remains quite exceptional. Leading economists took active part and influenced opinion; they were genuine leaders in public discourse. Five titans stand out: Knut Wicksell, Gustav Cassel, Eli Heckscher, Bertil Ohlin, and Gunnar Myrdal.2 The first three were highly liberal. Ohlin began as liberal, like his mentor Heckscher, but moved to a position of social liberalism, or moderate welfare-statism, and became a leading politician (Berggren 2013). Myrdal represents Sweden’s turn toward social democracy (Carlson 2013). Here I tell of Eli Heckscher (1879–1952), and in particular of his ideological development. For most of his life Heckscher was the most firmly principled eco- nomic liberal Sweden had. He fought against state-socialist tendencies, Keynesian crisis policy, and economic planning, and had only one real rival, Gustav Cassel, 1. Lund University School of Economics and Management, 221 00 Lund, Sweden. I thank MIT Press for their permission to incorporate in this article some material that was previously published in a chapter of Eli Heckscher, International Trade, and Economic History, edited by Ronald Findlay, Rolf G. -
Eli Heckscher's Ideological Migration Toward Market Liberalism
Eli Heckscher’s Ideological Migration Toward Market Liberalism Carlson, Benny Published in: Econ Journal Watch 2016 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Carlson, B. (2016). Eli Heckscher’s Ideological Migration Toward Market Liberalism. Econ Journal Watch, 13(1), 75-99. http://econjwatch.org/articles/eli-heckscher-s-ideological-migration-toward-market-liberalism Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Discuss this article at Journaltalk: http://journaltalk.net/articles/5902 ECON JOURNAL WATCH 13(1) January 2016: 75–99 Eli Heckscher’s Ideological Migration Toward Market Liberalism Benny Carlson1 LINK TO ABSTRACT Sweden is a country that is often misunderstood by outsiders, and even by Swedes themselves. -
Chapter One: the Origins of the Great Transformation (1879-1900)
THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA Constructing the People’s Home: The Political and Economic Origins and Early Development of the “Swedish Model” (1879-1976) A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Faculty of the Department of Politics School of Arts and Sciences Of The Catholic University of America In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Doctor of Philosophy © Copyright All Rights Reserved By Josiah R. Baker Washington, DC 2011 Constructing the People’s Home: The Political and Economic Origins and Early Development of the “Swedish Model” (1879-1976) Josiah R. Baker Director: James P. O’Leary, Ph.D. When Marquis Childs published his book The Middle Way in 1936, he laid the foundation that inspired the quest for an efficient welfare state. The Folkhemmet, or “people’s home,” initiated by the Social Democrats symbolized the “Swedish Way” and resulted in a generous, redistributive welfare state system. By the early 1970s, experts marveled at Sweden’s performance because the Swedish model managed to produce the second-wealthiest economy as measured by per capita GDP with virtually no cyclical unemployment. This dissertation demonstrates that capitalist and pre-industrial cultural forces dominated Swedish economic policy development throughout the years that the Social Democrats constructed Folkhemmet. The Swedish economy operated as a variety of capitalism that infused unique traditional cultural characteristics into a “feudal capitalism.” The system was far more market-oriented, deregulated, and free from direct government ownership or control than most assumed then or now. A process of negotiation and reason, mixed with pragmatism and recognition of valuing opportunity over principles, drove Swedish modernization. -
The Separate Organization of Women Within the Swedish Communist Movement Lars Gogman
Worlds of Women International Material in the Collections of ARAB From Women’s Club to Group 8 The Separate Organization of Women within the Swedish communist Movement Lars Gogman ARAB-WORKING PAPER 5 2011 ARAB-WORKING PAPER 5 WORLDS OF WOMEN INTERNATIONAL MATERIAL IN THE COLLECTIONS OF ARAB Labour movement archives and library Stockholm Box 1124 S-11181 Stockholm, Sweden TEL +46-18-412 39 00 www.arbark.se From Women’s Club to Group 8. The Separate Organization of Women within the Swedish communist Movement Lars Gogman For a list of Wow Papers, see page www.arbark.se/wow © Copyright 2010, Lars Gogman All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the publisher. Worlds of Women – International Material in ARAB’s collections (WoW) is a project at ARAB to highlight and promote research on working women’s transnational relations. Through distribution of these works ARAB hopes to encourage international research and exchange. The project is financed by Riksbankens Jubileumsfond ARAB-Working Papers is an online publication series inaugurated by the Labour movement archives and library, Stockholm (ARAB). Editors: Ulf Jönson, Kalle Laajala& Silke Neunsinger Cover image: Election poster Socialistiska partiet (Stockholm) 1935. Photo: (No information.) Already in 1918, the first independent communist women’s organization, Sveriges Vänstersocialistiska Kvinnoklubbars Samorganisation (the Swedish Left-Socialist Women’s Clubs’ Joint Organization), was founded. The Swedish communist women have always seen themselves as internationalists. Amongst other things, they took part in establishing 8 March as International Women’s Day in order to export current communist policy, but also to serve as a reminder of international solidarity. -
Socialists at the Gate: Swedish Business and the Defense of Free
SOCIALISTS AT THE GATE Rikard Westerberg Twice in the last century, organized capital in Sweden clashed with organized labor on the issue of private ownership and state intervention. First, in the 1940s following proposals on increased regulation, higher taxes, and potential nation- alization. Thirty years later, when business interests felt pressured by radical- SOCIALISTS AT THE GATE ized politics and a threat of losing ownership to union-controlled wage-earner funds in the midst of an economic crisis. For the captains of industry, the perils SWEDISH BUSINESS AND THE DEFENSE of socialism were to be fought by convincing the general public of the benefits OF FREE ENTERPRISE, 1940–1985 of free enterprise and assisting the non-socialists parties to return to power. This study analyzes business counter-reactions: its attempt to influence public opinion through PR-campaigns, public protests, research financing, press sub- sidies, and political donations. Applying theories on interest group formation and with access to previously closed archives, it finds that it was the level of radicalism within the internationally uniquely strong Swedish labor movement which incentivized business to act. It also analyzes the previously unresearched connections between Swedish employers and pro-market organizations abroad, including the relationship between prominent free-market economists and pub- lic-relations experts within the Swedish business community. In addition to shedding new light on how organized business tried to reach its Westerberg Rikard political goals during the Cold War era, the thesis helps us understand how ideas of deregulation, competition, and individual choice got a foothold in a country so characterized by social democracy. -
RENT CONTROL MYTHS&REAUTIES International Evidence of the Effects of Rent Control in Six Countries
ALL RENT INCREASES as® LANDLORDS CONTRIBUTORS INCLUDE MILTON FRIEDMAN \. HAYEK THE FRASE R INSTITUT E RENTGONTROL MYTHS&REALITIES www.fraserinstitute.org RENT CONTROL MYTHS&REAUTIES International Evidence of the Effects of Rent Control in Six Countries Contributors includ e Milton Friedman, Friedrich Hayek, and Basil Kalymon Co-edited by Walter Block and Edgar Olsen THE FRASE R INSTITUT E 1981 www.fraserinstitute.org Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Main entry under title: Rent control, myths & realities (Fraser Institute housing and land economics series; no. 7) Bibliography: p. ISBN O-88975-O33-5 1. Rent control - Addresses, essays, lectures. 2. Housing - Addresses, essays, lectures. I. Block, Walter, 1941- II. Olsen, Edgar, 1942- III. Friedman, Milton, 1912- IV. Hayek.FriedrichA., 1899- V. Kalymon, Basil A., 1944- VI. Series: Fraser Institute, Vancouver, B.C. Fraser Institute housing and land economics series; no. 7 HD7287.5.R457 333.5 C80-091222-5 COPYRIGHT © BY THE FRASER INSTITUTE, 1981 Printed in Canada. IV www.fraserinstitute.org Contents PREFACE xiii Walter Block, Senior Economist, The Fraser Institute Unexpected unanimity xiv The role of the economist xv What is the problem? xvi How has rent control worked? xvii The New York City financial crisis xviii A Canadian example xviii European rent control xix Benevolent intentions xxi Notes xxiii PART ONE—THE POLITICS OF RENT CONTROL Chapter 1: The Politics of Rent Control in the United States: A Program at the Yellow Light Ted Dienstfrey, Director of Research and Planning, -
The Freeman 1978
Freemanthe VOL. 28, NO. 11 • NOVEMBER 1978 Perspectives on Hunger in the World John A. Sparks 643 The history of famine and its causes, and how to combat them. The Social Responsibility of Business Brian Summers 652 Business profit comes from the efficient use of scarce resources to best serve consumers. Those Mayflower Ecologists Ralph Bradford 654 A satirical approach to some ancient and recurring problems. Do You Believe in Freedom? Sharon B. Mulwitz 659 Each must extend and defend for others the freedom claimed for himself. World In the Grip of an Idea 23. The Cold War: Revolutionary vs. Evolutionary Socialism Clarence B. Carson 661 The distinction between principled and tactical opposition to communism. Labor In a Free Society Timothy Eshleman 674 How the free market serves the laborer and those who want his ser- vices. The Rise and Decline of a Welfare State Sven Rydenfelt 677 This report from Sweden explains that we are suffocating for lack of freedom. Book Reviews: 685 "The Machinery of Freedom: Guide to Radical Capitalism" by David Friedman. A Literature of Freedom 688 Brief reviews of books listed for sale by FEE. Anyone wishing to communicate with authors may send first-class mail in care of THE FREEMAN for forwarding. tt1e E~L~~N~~~N I A LIBERTY FOUNDATION FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION Irvington-on-Hudson, N.Y. 10533 Tel: (914) 591-7230 Leonard E. Read, President Managing Editor: Paul L. Poirot Production Editor: Beth A. Hoffman Contributing Editors: Robert G. Anderson Bettina Bien Greaves Edmund A. Opitz (Book Reviews) Brian Summers THE FREEMAN is published monthly by the Foundation for Economic Education, Inc., a non political, nonprofit, educational champion of pri vate property, the free market, the profit and loss system, and limited government. -
The Nordic Models
ACCOUNTABILITY, TRANSPARENCY AND EFFICIENCY THE NORDIC MODELS HANNES H. GISSURARSON www.europeanreform.org @europeanreform A Brussels-based free market, euro-realist think-tank and publisher, established in 2010 under the patronage of Baroness Thatcher. We have satellite offices in London, Rome and Warsaw. New Direction - The Foundation for European Reform is registered in Belgium as a non-for-profit organisation (ASBL) and is partly funded by the European Parliament. REGISTERED OFFICE: Rue du Trône, 4, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Naweed Khan. www.europeanreform.org @europeanreform The European Parliament and New Direction assume no responsibility for the opinions expressed in this publication. Sole liability rests with the author. The Nordic Models Prof Hannes H. Gissurarson AUTHOR TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 6 2 ECONOMIC LIBERALISM IN SWEDEN AND FINLAND 8 3 THE THREE SWEDISH MODELS 16 4 ECONOMIC LIBERALISM IN DENMARK AND NORWAY 24 5 ICELAND: PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT OF LAW 28 6 THE LIBERAL AWAKENING: JON SIGURDSSON 33 7 BASTIAT, MILL AND CASSEL IN ICELAND 38 8 MISES AND HAYEK IN ICELAND 44 9 HAYEK, BUCHANAN, AND FRIEDMAN IN ICELAND 47 10 THE ICELANDIC ITQ SYSTEM IN THE FISHERIES 52 Prof Hannes H. Gissurarson 11 LIBERAL REFORMS OF THE ODDSSON GOVERNMENTS 57 12 CRITICS OF ODDSSON’S LIBERAL REFORMS 64 Dr Hannes H. Gissurarson, Professor of Politics in the 13 THE 2008 ICELANDIC BANK COLLAPSE 73 School of Social Sciences at the University of Iceland. 14 ERRORS AND LOGICAL FLAWS IN THE ANTI-LIBERAL NARRATIVE 77 15 UNSUBSTANTIATED CLAIMS IN THE ANTI-LIBERAL NARRATIVE 80 16 SOME HALF-TRUTHS IN THE ANTI-LIBERAL NARRATIVE 87 17 IMPLAUSIBLE EXPLANATIONS OF THE BANK COLLAPSE 92 18 ICELAND’S REMARKABLE RECOVERY 97 19 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 105 4 New Direction - The Foundation for European Reform www.europeanreform.org @europeanreform 5 The Nordic Models Prof Hannes H. -
Sven Rydenfelt - Den Första Nyliberalen
Sven Rydenfelt - den första nyliberalen Sammanfattning: Denna intervju består av två delar - den första handlar om Sven Rydenfelt och hans karri är, i den andra delen berättar Sven själv om sina åsikter i olika sakfrågor. I. Porträtt II. SVEN RYDENFELT OM... Den svenska liberalismens grand old man är Sven Rydenfelt, professor i Lund, även känd som "den förste nyliberalen", "den sociala bostadspolitikens fiende nr 1", "kritiker av välf ärden" och mycket annat. Nu, 86 år gammal, kan han blicka tillbaka på en lång karriär som liberal sanningssägare i motvind, på senare dagar upprättad både av den politiska och ekonomiska utvecklingen och av en yngre generation nyliberaler som betraktar honom som förebild och hjälte. Men blickar tillbaks, det gör han inte, tvärtom skriver han dagligen artiklar, funderar på idéer och diskuterar politik. Om och om igen lägger han sig i debatten och förklarar de liberala, marknadsekonomiska alternativen. De unga regleringsvänner som f ör många decennier sedan dömde ut hans idéer som föråldrade och ointressanta, tvingas se honom driva hem poäng efter poäng, och få rätt på punkt efter punkt, långt efter att deras egna karriärer varit till ända. En idépionj är har Rydenfelt varit. 1956 förutspådde han att Sovjetunionen skulle rasa ihop under trycket fr ån det egna usla ekonomiska och politiska systemet. Redan på 40- talet dömde han ut hyresregleringarna som anledningen till att folkhemmet bestod till stor del av bostadslösa, och hans kamp för en fri bostadsmarknad gav honom stämpeln "den sociala bostadspolitikens fiende nr 1". 1966 gav han ut en skrift f ör fri konkurrens i radio och TV, en tanke som f örst nu har börjat förverkligas. -
Warofideas.Pdf
FIGHTING THE WAR OF IDEAS IN LATIN AMERICA Editors: John C. Goodman National Center for Policy Analysis Ramona Marotz-Baden Foundation for Research on Economics and the Environment National Center for Policy Analysis 12655 N. Central Expressway, Suite 720 Dallas, Texas 75243 214-386-NCPA Copyright © 1990 by The National Center for Policy Analysis, 12655 N. Central Expressway, #720, Dallas, Texas 75243; (214) 386-NCPA. Nothing herein should be construed as necessarily reflecting the views of the National Center for Policy Analysis or as an attempt to aid or hinder passage of any legislation before Congress or any state legislature. ISBN 0-943802-43-1 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The National Center for Policy Analysis would like to acknowledge a special debt to the organizers of the Mont Pelerin Society and the Atlas Foundation - two organizations that have served as a conduit (bridging language differences and cultural barriers) for the exchange of ideas among advocates of liberty in countries all over the world. In recent years, the Liberty Fund also has assisted by performing a similar role. We pay special tribute to the late Sir Antony Fisher, founder of the Atlas Foundation. His tireless efforts are directly responsible for many of the institutes and activities described in this book. It was Sir Antony's vision that think tanks and research institutes can increase their impact and effectiveness through the periodic exchange of ideas with their counterparts in other countries. He did much to help realize that vision. During the time this book was in preparation, our work was made immeasureably easier because of the continuing work of the Atlas Foundation, under the leadership of its new president, John Blundell. -
The Freeman 1985
Freemanthe VOL. 35, NO. 6 • JUNE 1985 The Positive Approach- A Page on Freedom, No. 20 Dean Russell 323 Why freedom outperforms socialism. Economic Reality and U.S. Government Farm Programs E. C. Pasour, Jr. 325 The consequences of intervention will not be cured by more meddling. Comparable Worth versus Civil Liberty: Are Feminists Pro-Choice? Jane M. Orient 332 Potential gains not worth the tremendous costs. The Spirit of Freedom Robert Bearce 341 A timely reminder of the wisdom ol the Founders. The Morality of Profit Craig Russell 350 How to gain through better service. Language Traps Bettina Bien Greaves 353 How words can change their meaning-and our lives. The Ecology of Entrepreneurship Sven Rydenfelt 363 Try the new theory of entrepreneurship. Redigging Old Wells John K. Williams 367 Time to open again the ancient wells of human rights, private property, and individualism. Book Reviews: 380 "The American Idea: Ending Limits to Growth" by Jack Kemp "Beyond Liberal and Conservative" by William S. Maddox and Stuart A. Lilie Anyone wishing to communicate with authors may send first-class mail in care of THE FREEMAN for forwarding. IFreeman A MONTHLY JOURNAL OF IDEAS ON LIBERTY FOUNDATION FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION Irvington-on-Hudson, N.Y. 10533 Tel: (914) 591-7230 Managing Editor: Paul L. Poirot Production Editors: Beth A. Hoffman Amy S. VanLaar Contributing Editors: Robert G. Anderson Howard Baetjer Jr. Bettina Bien Greaves Charles H. Hamilton Edmund A. Opitz (Book Reviews) Brian Summers THE FREEMAN is published monthly by the Foundation for Economic Education, Inc., a nonpolitical, nonprofit, educational champion of private property, the free market, the profit and loss system, and limited government.