Regional Project/Programme Proposal

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Regional Project/Programme Proposal REGIONAL PROJECT/PROGRAMME PROPOSAL PART I: PROJECT/PROGRAMME INFORMATION Title of Project/Programme: Reducing climate vulnerability and flood risk in coastal urban and semi urban areas in cities in Latin America Countries: Chile and Ecuador Thematic Focal Area1: Disaster risk reduction and early warning systems Type of Implementing Entity: Regional Implementing Entity (RIE) Implementing Entity: CAF, Development bank of Latin America Executing Entities: Ministry of the Environment (Chile) Ministry of the Environment (Ecuador) Amount of Financing Requested: 13.910.400 (in U.S Dollars Equivalent) 1 Thematic areas are: Food security; Disaster risk reduction and early warning systems; Transboundary water management; Innovation in adaptation finance. 1 Tabla de contenido PART I: PROJECT/PROGRAMME INFORMATION ............................................................ 1 Reducing climate vulnerability and flood risk in coastal urban and semi urban areas in cities in Latin America ...................................................................................................... 5 Chile and Ecuador ........................................................................................................... 5 Project Background and Context: .................................................................................... 5 National and local situation in Chile ................................................................................. 9 National and local situation in Ecuador .......................................................................... 17 Vulnerable groups and gender situation ........................................................................ 23 The adaptation challenge and barriers ........................................................................... 27 Project Objectives: ......................................................................................................... 30 Project Components and Financing: .............................................................................. 32 Projected Calendar ........................................................................................................ 33 PART II: PROJECT / PROGRAMME JUSTIFICATION .................................................... 34 A. Project Components Description ............................................................................... 34 Component 1. Priority actions to increase resilience .................................................. 34 Component 2. Strengthen capacities for adaptation ................................................... 44 Component 3. ICTs and partnership between coastal cities in Latin America ............ 47 Alternative approaches that were considered and not adopted .................................. 48 B. New and innovative solutions to climate change adaptation ...................................... 48 C. Economic, social and environmental benefits and mitigation of negative impacts, in compliance with the Adaptation Fund ESP. ................................................................... 49 Social benefits ............................................................................................................ 49 Economic benefits ...................................................................................................... 54 Environmental benefits ............................................................................................... 54 Gender considerations ............................................................................................... 54 Measures to avoid / mitigate negative impacts ........................................................... 55 D. Cost-effectiveness analysis with a regional approach ............................................... 56 E. Consistency with national or sub-national sustainable development strategies ......... 57 F. National technical standards (environmental, building codes and others) complies with the Adaptation Fund ESP. ............................................................................................. 63 Construction works technical standards ..................................................................... 63 Environmental licences .............................................................................................. 64 Meteorological equipment and data ........................................................................... 65 Early warning systems ............................................................................................... 66 Compliance with AF Environmental and Social Policy ................................................ 66 G. Describe if there is duplication of project with other funding sources ......................... 66 2 H. Learning and knowledge management component . ................................................. 67 I. Consultative process: List of stakeholders, with particular reference to vulnerable groups, including gender considerations, in compliance with the AF ESP. .................... 68 Inception workshops .................................................................................................. 68 Stakeholder analyses ................................................................................................. 68 Validation workshops ................................................................................................. 70 Meetings of project partners ....................................................................................... 70 Additional consultation to local groups ....................................................................... 70 J. Funding requested justification .................................................................................. 72 Component 1 ............................................................................................................. 72 Component 2 ............................................................................................................. 73 Component 3 ............................................................................................................. 74 K. Sustainability of the project outcomes ....................................................................... 74 Environmental sustainability ....................................................................................... 74 Social sustainability .................................................................................................... 74 Institutional sustainability ........................................................................................... 75 Financial sustainability ............................................................................................... 75 Replication ................................................................................................................. 75 L. Environmental and social impacts and risks identification in compliance with the AF ESP ............................................................................................................................... 76 PART III: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ........................................................... 94 A. Arrangements for project management at the regional and national level .................. 94 Audit .......................................................................................................................... 95 Agreement on intellectual property rights and use of logo on the project’s deliverables .................................................................................................................................. 97 B. Describe the measures for financial and project risk management. ........................... 97 C. Measures for environmental and social risk management, in line with the Adaptation Fund´s Environmental and Social Policy. ....................................................................... 99 D. Describe the monitoring and evaluation arrangements and provide a budgeted M&E plan. ............................................................................................................................ 101 Oversight and monitoring responsibilities ................................................................. 101 Monitoring and reporting requirements ..................................................................... 102 E. Include a results framework for the project proposal, including milestones, targets and indicators. .................................................................................................................... 104 F. Demonstrate how the project aligns with the Results Framework of the Adaptation Fund ............................................................................................................................ 110 G. Include a detailed budget with budget notes, broken down by country as applicable, a budget on the Implementing Entity management fee use, and an explanation and a breakdown of the execution costs. ............................................................................... 113 Budget ..................................................................................................................... 113 Budget notes ............................................................................................................ 120 Budget on the Implementing Entity management fee use ........................................ 131 3 H. Include a disbursement schedule with time-bound milestones. ..............................
Recommended publications
  • TRAFFIC Bird’S-Eye View: REPORT Lessons from 50 Years of Bird Trade Regulation & Conservation in Amazon Countries
    TRAFFIC Bird’s-eye view: REPORT Lessons from 50 years of bird trade regulation & conservation in Amazon countries DECEMBER 2018 Bernardo Ortiz-von Halle About the author and this study: Bernardo Ortiz-von Halle, a biologist and TRAFFIC REPORT zoologist from the Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, has more than 30 years of experience in numerous aspects of conservation and its links to development. His decades of work for IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature and TRAFFIC TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade monitoring in South America have allowed him to network, is a leading non-governmental organization working globally on trade acquire a unique outlook on the mechanisms, in wild animals and plants in the context institutions, stakeholders and challenges facing of both biodiversity conservation and the conservation and sustainable use of species sustainable development. and ecosystems. Developing a critical perspective The views of the authors expressed in this of what works and what doesn’t to achieve lasting conservation goals, publication do not necessarily reflect those Bernardo has put this expertise within an historic framework to interpret of TRAFFIC, WWF, or IUCN. the outcomes of different wildlife policies and actions in South America, Reproduction of material appearing in offering guidance towards solutions that require new ways of looking at this report requires written permission wildlife trade-related problems. Always framing analysis and interpretation from the publisher. in the midst of the socioeconomic and political frameworks of each South The designations of geographical entities in American country and in the region as a whole, this work puts forward this publication, and the presentation of the conclusions and possible solutions to bird trade-related issues that are material, do not imply the expression of any linked to global dynamics, especially those related to wildlife trade.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism in Continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands: an Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Perspective
    water Article Tourism in Continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands: An Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Perspective Carlos Mestanza-Ramón 1,2,3,* , J. Adolfo Chica-Ruiz 1 , Giorgio Anfuso 1 , Alexis Mooser 1,4, Camilo M. Botero 5,6 and Enzo Pranzini 7 1 Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; [email protected] (J.A.C.-R.); [email protected] (G.A.); [email protected] (A.M.) 2 Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Sede Orellana, YASUNI-SDC Research Group, El Coca EC220001, Ecuador 3 Instituto Tecnologico Supeior Oriente, La Joya de los Sachas 220101, Orellana, Ecuador 4 Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università di Napoli Parthenope, 80143 Naples, Italy 5 Grupo Joaquín Aarón Manjarrés, Escuela de Derecho, Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Santa Marta 470001, Colombia; [email protected] 6 Grupo de Investigación en Sistemas Costeros, PlayasCorp, Santa Marta 470001, Colombia 7 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Firenze, 50121 Firenze, Italy; enzo.pranzini@unifi.it * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +593-9-9883-0801 Received: 28 April 2020; Accepted: 6 June 2020; Published: 9 June 2020 Abstract: Tourism in coastal areas is becoming increasingly important in Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) as an integrated approach that balances the requirements of different tourist sectors. This paper analyzes ICZM in continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands from the perspective of the 3S tourism, and presents its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT). The methodology used was based on a literature review of ten aspects of the highest relevance to ICZM, i.e., Policies, Regulations, Responsibilities, Institutions, Strategies and Instruments, Training, Economic Resources, Information, Education for Sustainability, and Citizen Participation.
    [Show full text]
  • Caemba Annual Report 08.12.21
    We Build Dreams Fundación Raíz Ecuador Annual Report 2020 INDEX Mission ................................................. 3 Introduction ................................................. 4 Caemba ................................................. 5 • Achievements in 2020 ................................................. 6 • Caemba Model House ................................................. 7 • The Caemba process ................................................. 8 • Houses built in 2020 ................................................. 9 • Caemba: Entrepreneurship for women ........................................ 10 - 11 • Caemba infrastructure ......................................... 12 -14 Beyond Lagartococha ............................................... 15 • Activity in 2020 ............................................... 16 COVID-19 Emergency ............................................... 17 • Introduction ............................................... 18 • Food distribution ........................................ 19 - 20 • Support for the medical system ............................................... 21 • Center for respiratory care in Atacames ........................................ 22 - 23 • Providing oxygen ........................................ 24 - 26 • Epidemiologic control ............................................... 27 • Development of a laboratory with ELISA analysis capability ............................................... 28 • Enabling health subcenters for the Chachi population of Esmeraldas ..............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ecuador's Awá Win Nullification of Land Measure
    Ecuador's Awá Win Nullification of Land Measure JULY 2007 Ecuador's Awá win nullification of land measure Quito, Ecuador Traveling some stretches on foot and others by bus, more than 500 members of Ecuador's Awá indigenous community trekked this month from their villages near the country's northern border with Colombia to this high-altitude capital, spears symbolically in hand. Their objective was to protest a recent government land-management measure that the Awá claim would give timber and oil-palm plantation operators access to a portion of their territory in coastal Esmeraldas province, jeopardizing their internationally recognized efforts to practice sustainable forestry there. On July 11-two days after the Awá arrived in Quito-Environment Minister Ana Albán produced what they wanted: nullification of the land-management measure. The government also pledged to review the status of a 14,800-acre (6,000-ha) area of land in Carchi province that was removed from the Awá territory last year. Precipitating this month's protest was a January Environment Ministry order that the Awá and the local Afro-Ecuadorian community must jointly manage 43,226 acres (17,493 has) in Ricaurte- Tululbí parish, which is part of Esmeraldas province's canton of San Lorenzo. Albán signed the order after Afro-Ecuadorians, whose roots reach back to the Spanish colonial era, argued they have valid historical claims to the area. The Awá complained the move nixed government decisions making the Ricaurte-Tululbí land part of the tribe's officially recognized 245,467-acre (99,337-ha) territory, which stretches from mountainous Imbabura and Carchi provinces to the Pacific Coast province of Esmeraldas.
    [Show full text]
  • Atacames, Sua, Muisne
    v- I I I AtacamesSpecialAreaManagementPlan Atacames-Sfa:Muisne t StephenOlsen. DonaldD.Robadue,Jr.. LuisArriaga I I I I I I I I I I I I GoastalResourcesCenter ------- Universityof Rhodelsland I -ffsl.Dt olncrcr{E. Narragansett,Rhodelsland IntemationalCoastalResourcesManagementProiect I Bureaufor ResearchandDevelopment €H UnitedStatesAgencyfor IntemationalDevelopment I I I I I I ,.li{l I I nio foar na;c goalsof the Intsnatimal CoastalResourceeltdmagementPrrogram(CRMP)areto: l) apply,as rypa.- ,1trid&,fiisftg experienoein 66stelr€sourctr-rnanlg€mcnttolow:imecotmtrie$;2)assfut&se lon-incmpn*tim I in te Oasiggmd imrpb,mentatimof integraedcoastalresdtrpessunagen€nt pmgten; 3) advmce6e staneof ttc ut of coastalrcsorrcs manag@€nt;ed 4) btrild tbeUniversity of RhodeIsld's capabilityto assistn*ftyu with cciptql r6qrxrpe3mrnegem€nt.. t witbthecocperatingcounfriesto: T,btQ|!q,*gl" , . fumuhp andimplerentiDtegntodcoastalf€so15cesmrnrgenrmtsllaEgi€s t . derrehppoceAnesfu fre asscssnentof Seimprctsof cmstaldevebementpryosab . developinstitutionalandecnnicalsolutionsforresorrce.usecdicB . $uppstrcscarchb befi€rrnderstan<ltte issrmthu affectee conditimanduseof coasalmsysems o imprcyethecapabilitiesof in-corntryprofessionalstaff16rplg1filf a4dmqnngeoastd &vehpment I TbcIntemationalCoastatResourcesManagementProgramis fuded by SeOfficeof Envirwent d l.IaruralRe. eorfioes,Bryau for ReseuctrandDevelopent U.S.Agwy fc hematioqalDevelopcnt tirrwgba coopersiw I rgrc€nert wi6 tbcUniversityof RhodeIsland. i. Ilt.qfnims, .fndings,cmclusions,mdrccommendatiinsexpftsd
    [Show full text]
  • Antonio Preciado and the Afro Presence in Ecuadorian Literature
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 5-2013 Antonio Preciado and the Afro Presence in Ecuadorian Literature Rebecca Gail Howes [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the African History Commons, Latin American History Commons, Latin American Languages and Societies Commons, Latin American Literature Commons, Modern Languages Commons, Modern Literature Commons, and the Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies Commons Recommended Citation Howes, Rebecca Gail, "Antonio Preciado and the Afro Presence in Ecuadorian Literature. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2013. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1735 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Rebecca Gail Howes entitled "Antonio Preciado and the Afro Presence in Ecuadorian Literature." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Modern Foreign Languages. Michael Handelsman, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Óscar Rivera-Rodas, Dawn Duke, Chad Black Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Antonio Preciado and the Afro Presence in Ecuadorian Literature A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Rebecca Gail Howes May 2013 DEDICATION To my parents, William and Gail Howes.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright by Lindsey Tamar Engelman 2011
    Copyright by Lindsey Tamar Engelman 2011 The Thesis Committee for Lindsey Tamar Engelman Certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: The Forgotten Case of Esmeraldas: Perceptions of Contamination and Collective Action in an Ecuadorian Refinery Town APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: Supervisor: Bjørn I. Sletto Co-Supervisor: Javier Auyero The Forgotten Case of Esmeraldas: Perceptions of Contamination and Collective Action in an Ecuadorian Refinery Town by Lindsey Tamar Engelman, B.A. Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts and Master of Science in Community and Regional Planning The University of Texas at Austin December 2011 Acknowledgements This work could not have been accomplished without the help and support of many. Most importantly, I would like to thank Wendy Mosquera who had the kindness to open her home to me and who took the time and energy to introduce me to anyone and everyone she thought would enhance my understanding of environmental issues in Esmeraldas. Her patience, hope, and determination are inspiring. I am also extremely grateful to everyone in Esmeraldas who took their time to speak with me and share their stories and knowledge. In particular, I would like to thank Eduardo Nazareno, Juan García Salazar, and Pablo Minda. I would also like to express my gratitude do Fernando García of FLACSO Ecuador for helping me with contacts in Esmeraldas. I am also appreciative of Nicholas Welcome for sharing his perspectives around environmental contamination and mobilization in Esmeraldas and look forward to reading his forthcoming work on similar subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecuador Update
    ACAPS Briefing Note: Earthquake in Ecuador Update Briefing Note Update – 26 April 2016 Key findings ECUADOR Anticipated 350,000 people are estimated to be in need of humanitarian assistance at 23 April. The number has fallen from an estimated scope and Earthquake 720,000 people three days earlier. Epicentre: Close to Muisne Magnitude: 7.8 scale Priorities for WASH: Lack of clean water, latrines, and waste humanitarian management. Need for international Not required Low Moderate Significant Major intervention Shelter and NFIs: 29,000 people in need of emergency assistance X shelter. 18,200 people are located in temporary sites. NFIs Very low Low Moderate Significant Major such as tarpaulins still needed. Expected impact X Health: Trauma care for the injured, mental healthcare, and psychosocial support. Due to water shortages and lack of Crisis overview adequate sanitation, the risk of vector- and waterborne epidemics has increased. The death toll from the 16 April earthquake stands at 655 and is expected to rise, as around 48 people are still unaccounted for (Government 24/04/2016). Around 350,000 people Humanitarian Damage to transport infrastructure such as roads and bridges are currently in need of assistance (UN OCHA 23/04/2016). constraints limits access to some areas. Casualty figures per province, 24 April 2016* Province People displaced People killed Buildings destroyed Manabi 24,117 643 705 Santo Domingo de 885 5 384 los Tsachilas Guayas – 5 – Los Rios 240 – – Esmeraldas 3,543 28 420 Santa Elena 30 - Total 29,067 655 1,125 Source: Government 24/04/2016; ECHO 22/04/2016 Limitations * Casualty figures are given for the six provinces with a state of emergency, and make up the The full extent of the damage caused by the earthquake is still being assessed.
    [Show full text]
  • Articulating Blackness in Afro-Ecuadorian Marimba Performance
    Articulating Blackness in Afro-Ecuadorian Marimba Performance Paper presented at the conference: Musical Cultures of the World: Global Effects, Past and Present May 28-30, 1999. UCLA Department of Ethnomusicology by Jonathan Ritter For nearly four and a half centuries, Afro-Ecuadorians of the coastal Esmeraldas province have identified themselves as a distinct people, their distinctiveness arising in a cultural "space" bounded by racial, ethnic, political, artistic, musical, and at times, geographic boundaries. As a consequence, "black space" in Ecuador has always been the site of contestation, primarily by the challenge it presented to Spanish and later nationalist mestizo hegemony, but also through an uneasy distanciation from its own hybrid Afro- Indigenous cultural roots. Music, in the form of the marimba dance, has played an important role in the creation and maintenance of this space, delineating a sonic sphere apart from other ethnic groups and in particular separate from the highland state. In this article, I seek to historicize the perception of black space in the Ecuadorian national consciousness, and explore how that space is being reconfigured today through musical performance. I have titled this article "Articulating Blackness" and will begin by calling attention to that choice of words. The first term, to articulate, meaning in its common usage "to enunciate clearly and distinctly," implies a type of separation understood within a whole a carving out of parts that reveals the sound of their differences. But I draw "articulate" also from the Latin articulare , meaning "to unite by or form a joint" (American Heritage Dictionary), a coming together and joining of two planes, and thus indicating a type of simultaneity.
    [Show full text]
  • Twelve-Months Summary Update Ecuador: Earthquake
    Twelve-months summary update Ecuador: Earthquake Emergency appeal n° MDREC012 GLIDE n° EQ-2016-000035-ECU 12- Issued on: 28 June 2017 Timeframe covered by this update: 22 April 2016 to 30 April 2017 Emergency Appeal operation start date: 22 April 2016 Timeframe: 16 months (ends on 21 August 2017) Appeal target current budget: Appeal coverage: Total response to date: 8,468,259 Swiss francs 15,085,628 Swiss Francs 63% Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF) allocated: 405,778 Swiss francs N° of people being assisted: At least 85,324 people (21,331 families) Host National Society presence: The Ecuadorian Red Cross (ERC) has a national headquarters in Quito, 24 provincial boards, 110 local branches 200 staff members and for this operation has mobilized 765 volunteers and more than 1,300 students from the ERC Technical Institute (ISTCRE). Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners actively involved in the operation: American Red Cross, British Red Cross, Canadian Red Cross Society, Colombian Red Cross Society, Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Mexican Red Cross Society, Norwegian Red Cross Society, Philippines Red Cross, Salvadorian Red Cross Society, Spanish Red Cross, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC). Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners supporting this operation: American Red Cross, Andorran Red Cross, Austrian Red Cross, British Red Cross, China Red Cross (Hong Kong branch), China Red Cross (Macau Branch), Danish Red Cross, Finnish Red Cross, German Red Cross, Honduran Red Cross, , Japanese Red Cross Society, Liechtenstein Red Cross, Mexican Red Cross, Norwegian Red Cross (with own and Swiss government funds), Red Cross of Monaco, Swedish Red Cross (with Swedish government funds), Swiss Red Cross (with own and Swiss government funds), Taiwan Red Cross Organization, The Canadian Red Cross Society (with own and Canadian government funds), The Netherlands Red Cross (with Netherlands government funds) and The Republic of Korea National Red Cross.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Conservation: Piquigua, Heteropsis Ecuadorensis, in Ecuador
    Papers of the Applied Geography Conferences (2008) 31: 310-318 Resource Stewardship: Rain Forest Use among Three Ethnic Groups of Ecuador Maria Fadiman Department of Geosciences Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, FL 33431 1. INTRODUCTION How to incorporate the people who live within a reserve while achieving conservation goals is a challenge with which governments and conservationists are working throughout Latin America and the world (Southgate 1998). This question is particularly pressing in The Mache-Chindul Ecological Reserve in northwestern Ecuador (Figure 1). This area encompasses land considered to be part of one of the global hot spots of biodiversity (Dodson and Gentry, 1991). These western forests have high degrees of endemism, and only about 5% of this kind of forest remains in Ecuador (Neill, 2006). Additionally, since numerous people live in and around this area, the indigenous Chachi, mestizos, and Afro-Ecuadorians, successful protection with sustainable resource use by its residents is the aim of both development and conservation organizations (Aguirre et al., 2000). Conservationists and developers are looking at Non-timber forest products (NTFP) as a possible option for sustainable forest use (Coomes, 2004). However, in looking at alternative forest use, it is imperative that the sustainability of these “alternatives” is addressed. The two plant resources on which this study focuses, a palm and a hemi-epiphyte (a vine-like plant that germinates in the ground, grows up a tree, and then sends down aerial roots), can be harvested in such a way that the plant continues to grow after harvested parts have been removed. Thus, these two plants are potentially sustainable resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Rights-Based Approaches in Ecuador's Fishery for Mangrove
    Rights-based Approaches in Ecuador’s Fishery for Mangrove Cockles Christine M. Beitl, Nikita Gaibor Department of Anthropology, University of Maine, USA Office of Technical & Scientific Sub direction, Instituto Nacional de Pesca, Letamendi y La Ria, Guayaquil, Ecuador Abstract The fishery for ark clams or mangrove cockles (Anadara tuberculosa and A. similis) has been culturally and economically important in communities that depend on mangrove forests throughout the Pacific coast of Latin America since pre-Columbian times. In Ecuador, more than 3 000 artisanal fishermen manually harvest bivalve molluscs of the genus Anadara. However, this fishery has been vulnerable to harvesting pressures and habitat destruction. For almost three decades, researchers and international organizations have increasingly recognized the value of Territorial Use Rights in Fisheries (TURFs) as a tool for achieving marine conservation and socially equitable outcomes in fisheries management. Since 2000, the Ecuadorian government began granting mangrove concessions to local fishing associations to promote mangrove conservation and sustainable use in fisheries. Many of those fishing associations designed management plans for benthic resources (such as cockles and crabs) similar to TURF arrangements in other parts of the world. This paper explores how these institutional arrangements contribute to the goals of sustainability with particular attention to challenges and tradeoffs. The mangrove concessions have created conditions that promote habitat health necessary for fishery productivity while strengthening resource rights, enabling communities to pursue sustainable fishing-based livelihoods for present and future generations. On the other hand, the creation of exclusive access rights for particular user groups has also exacerbated tensions among independent cockle gatherers that feel they are increasingly losing access to their customary fishing grounds.
    [Show full text]