Digraphs and Trigraphs
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Surviving the TEX Font Encoding Mess Understanding The
Surviving the TEX font encoding mess Understanding the world of TEX fonts and mastering the basics of fontinst Ulrik Vieth Taco Hoekwater · EuroT X ’99 Heidelberg E · FAMOUS QUOTE: English is useful because it is a mess. Since English is a mess, it maps well onto the problem space, which is also a mess, which we call reality. Similary, Perl was designed to be a mess, though in the nicests of all possible ways. | LARRY WALL COROLLARY: TEX fonts are mess, as they are a product of reality. Similary, fontinst is a mess, not necessarily by design, but because it has to cope with the mess we call reality. Contents I Overview of TEX font technology II Installation TEX fonts with fontinst III Overview of math fonts EuroT X ’99 Heidelberg 24. September 1999 3 E · · I Overview of TEX font technology What is a font? What is a virtual font? • Font file formats and conversion utilities • Font attributes and classifications • Font selection schemes • Font naming schemes • Font encodings • What’s in a standard font? What’s in an expert font? • Font installation considerations • Why the need for reencoding? • Which raw font encoding to use? • What’s needed to set up fonts for use with T X? • E EuroT X ’99 Heidelberg 24. September 1999 4 E · · What is a font? in technical terms: • – fonts have many different representations depending on the point of view – TEX typesetter: fonts metrics (TFM) and nothing else – DVI driver: virtual fonts (VF), bitmaps fonts(PK), outline fonts (PFA/PFB or TTF) – PostScript: Type 1 (outlines), Type 3 (anything), Type 42 fonts (embedded TTF) in general terms: • – fonts are collections of glyphs (characters, symbols) of a particular design – fonts are organized into families, series and individual shapes – glyphs may be accessed either by character code or by symbolic names – encoding of glyphs may be fixed or controllable by encoding vectors font information consists of: • – metric information (glyph metrics and global parameters) – some representation of glyph shapes (bitmaps or outlines) EuroT X ’99 Heidelberg 24. -
Lexical Analysis with Flex Edition 2.5.35, 8 February 2013
Lexical Analysis with Flex Edition 2.5.35, 8 February 2013 Vern Paxson, Will Estes and John Millaway The flex manual is placed under the same licensing conditions as the rest of flex: Copyright c 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2012 The Flex Project. Copyright c 1990, 1997 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by Vern Paxson. The United States Government has rights in this work pursuant to contract no. DE- AC03-76SF00098 between the United States Department of Energy and the University of California. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are per- mitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of con- ditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IM- PLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WAR- RANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. i Table of Contents 1 Copyright ................................. 1 2 Reporting Bugs............................ 2 3 Introduction ............................... 3 4 Some Simple Examples..................... 4 5 Format of the Input File ................... 6 5.1 Format of the Definitions Section ............................ -
Database Globalization Support Guide
Oracle® Database Database Globalization Support Guide 19c E96349-05 May 2021 Oracle Database Database Globalization Support Guide, 19c E96349-05 Copyright © 2007, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Primary Author: Rajesh Bhatiya Contributors: Dan Chiba, Winson Chu, Claire Ho, Gary Hua, Simon Law, Geoff Lee, Peter Linsley, Qianrong Ma, Keni Matsuda, Meghna Mehta, Valarie Moore, Cathy Shea, Shige Takeda, Linus Tanaka, Makoto Tozawa, Barry Trute, Ying Wu, Peter Wallack, Chao Wang, Huaqing Wang, Sergiusz Wolicki, Simon Wong, Michael Yau, Jianping Yang, Qin Yu, Tim Yu, Weiran Zhang, Yan Zhu This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, then the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs (including any operating system, integrated software, any programs embedded, installed or activated on delivered hardware, and modifications of such programs) and Oracle computer documentation or other Oracle data delivered to or accessed by U.S. -
Master's Project at ICT, KTH Examensarbete Vid ICT, KTH
Master's Project at ICT, KTH Examensarbete vid ICT, KTH Automated source-to-source translation from Java to C++ Automatisk källkodsöversättning från Java till C++ JACEK SIEKA [email protected] Master's Thesis in Software Engineering Examensarbete inom programvaruteknik Supervisor and examiner: Thomas Sjöland Handledare och examinator: Thomas Sjöland Abstract Reuse of Java libraries and interoperability with platform native components has traditionally been limited to the application programming interface offered by the reference implementation of Java, the Java Native Interface. In this thesis the feasibility of another approach, automated source-to-source translation from Java to C++, is examined starting with a survey of the current research. Using the Java Language Specification as guide, translations for the constructs of the Java language are proposed, focusing on and taking advantage of the syntactic and semantic similarities between the two languages. Based on these translations, a tool for automatically translating Java source code to C++ has been developed and is presented in the text. Experimentation shows that a simple application and the core Java libraries it depends on can automatically be translated, producing equal output when built and run. The resulting source code is readable and maintainable, and therefore suitable as a starting point for further development in C++. With the fully automated process described, source-to-source translation becomes a viable alternative when facing a need for functionality already implemented in a Java library or application, saving considerable resources that would otherwise have to be spent rewriting the code manually. Sammanfattning Återanvändning av Java-bibliotek och interoperabilitet med plattformspecifika komponenter har traditionellt varit begränsat till det programmeringsgränssnitt som erbjuds av referensimplementationen av Java, Java Native Interface. -
Using International Characters in Bartender How to Read Data and Print Characters from Almost Every Language and Writing System in the World
Using International Characters in BarTender How to Read Data and Print Characters from Almost Every Language and Writing System in the World Supports the following BarTender software versions: BarTender 2016, BarTender 2019 WHITE PAPER Contents Overview 3 BarTender's Unicode Support 3 Understanding International Character Support 4 Fonts 4 Scripts 4 Asian Characters 5 Writing Systems that Read Right to Left 5 Entering International Text Into Text Objects 7 Using the Insert Symbols or Special Characters Dialog 7 Using the Windows Character Map 7 Using the Keyboard 8 Reading International Characters from a Database 9 Encoding International Characters in Barcodes 10 Using Unicode Data 10 ECI Protocol 11 Formatting According to Locale 12 About Data Types 12 Example 12 Appendix A: Languages, Encodings and Scripts 13 Appendix B: Configuring Windows 14 Installing Windows Input Support for International Languages 14 Windows Support for Additional Display Languages 15 Related Documentation 16 Overview With the built-in international character support that BarTender provides, you can add international characters to your design and encode them into barcodes or RFID tags on your template. When you design items for a single locale, you can configure the format (or appearance) of information that may vary between regions, such as date and time, currency, numbering, and so on. By using BarTender, you can also globalize your design and print international materials by inserting text in multiple languages. For example, the following item illustrates how BarTender can be used with many locales with its built-in Unicode support. BarTender's Unicode Support Unicode is a universal character encoding standard that defines the basis for the processing, storage and interchange of text data in any language. -
CALI Round 03.Pdf
California Academic Learning Initiative 2015 - 2016 Round 3 Written by Ankit Aggarwal, Hidehiro Anto, P.C. Chauhan, Jason Cheng, Boyang Jiao, Aseem Keyal, Eddie Kim, Bruce Lou, Charlie Mann, Kevin Wang, Corry Wang, Kion You TOSSUPS 1. T he Supreme Court has decided that tailored use of this practice is permissible for achieving so-called "critical mass," although Sandra Day O'Connor wrote that this practice would no longer be necessary in 25 years. In 2003 the Supreme Court ruled against a point-based version of this practice in G ratz v. Bollinger. In June 2015 the court agreed to rehear the case (*) Fisher v. Texas challenging this practice. In 1978 quota-based versions of this practice were ruled unconstitutional in B akke v. Regents of the University of California . For 10 points, name this practice of giving preference to historically disadvantaged racial minorities. ANSWER: affirmative action in the college admissions process [accept positive discrimination; prompt on "reverse discrimination" or "discrimination"] 2. A leader criticized this religion's contradictions in his essay Against the Galileans during the 4th century. According to legend, one of this religion's major holidays was specifically scheduled to upstage a festival led by the Sol Invictus cult. Julian the Apostate attempted to roll back the spread of this religion, whose members were systematically persecuted by (*) D iocletian ( "DIE"-oh-klee-shun). It was granted toleration in the Edict of Milan by Constantine the Great, who became the first Roman emperor to convert to it. For 10 points, Pontius Pilate crucified the founder of what religion? ANSWER: Christianity [accept specific forms of Christianity] 3. -
Windows NLS Considerations Version 2.1
Windows NLS Considerations version 2.1 Radoslav Rusinov [email protected] Windows NLS Considerations Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Windows and Code Pages .................................................................................................................... 3 1.2. CharacterSet ........................................................................................................................................ 3 1.3. Encoding Scheme ................................................................................................................................ 3 1.4. Fonts ................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.5. So Why Are There Different Charactersets? ........................................................................................ 4 1.6. What are the Difference Between 7 bit, 8 bit and Unicode Charactersets? ........................................... 4 2. NLS_LANG .............................................................................................................................................. 4 2.1. Setting the Character Set in NLS_LANG ............................................................................................ 4 2.2. Where is the Character Conversion Done? ......................................................................................... -
Concept Programming in XL the Art of Turning Ideas Into Programs
Concept Programming in XL The Art of Turning Ideas into Programs TM Concept Programming 1 2 Concept Programming Chapter 1— Introduction . 13 1.1. Why another language? . 14 1.2. Who should read this book?. 16 1.3. A quick tour of XL . 16 1.4. Contents Overview. 17 Chapter 2— Simple Examples . 19 2.1. Hello World . 20 2.2. Factorial Function . 21 2.3. Computing a Maximum . 24 2.4. Symbolic Differentiation . 26 Part I — Concept Programming . 31 Chapter 3— Concepts? . 33 3.1. Programming Philosophy. 34 3.2. Translating concepts. 37 3.3. Pseudo-Metrics. 45 3.4. Concept Mismatch . 48 3.5. In Conclusion . 51 Chapter 4— The Trouble with Programming . 53 4.1. Scale Complexity and Moore s Law . 54 4.2. Domain Complexity . 57 4.3. Artificial complexity . 58 4.4. Business Complexity . 64 4.5. The Grim State of Software Quality . 68 Chapter 5— From Concepts to Code . 71 5.1. Turning Ideas into Code. 72 Concept Programming 3 5.2. Abstractions . 77 5.3. Abstractions in Programs . 84 Part II —Core Language . .93 Chapter 6— Compiling XL . 95 6.1. Representing Programs . 96 6.2. Understanding Programs . 98 6.3. Compiling XL . 102 Chapter 7— Syntax . 105 7.1. Source Text. 106 7.2. Tokens . 107 7.3. Parse Tree . 112 7.4. Practical Considerations. 121 7.5. Beyond the Syntax . 126 Chapter 8— Declarations . 127 8.1. Variables. 128 8.2. Subroutines. 134 8.3. Types . 143 8.4. Constants . 143 Chapter 9— Control Flow . 145 9.1. Tests . 145 9.2. -
The Opengl ES Shading Language
The OpenGL ES® Shading Language Language Version: 3.00 Document Revision: 6 29 January 2016 Editor: Robert J. Simpson, Qualcomm OpenGL GLSL editor: John Kessenich, LunarG GLSL version 1.1 Authors: John Kessenich, Dave Baldwin, Randi Rost Copyright © 2008-2016 The Khronos Group Inc. All Rights Reserved. This specification is protected by copyright laws and contains material proprietary to the Khronos Group, Inc. It or any components may not be reproduced, republished, distributed, transmitted, displayed, broadcast, or otherwise exploited in any manner without the express prior written permission of Khronos Group. You may use this specification for implementing the functionality therein, without altering or removing any trademark, copyright or other notice from the specification, but the receipt or possession of this specification does not convey any rights to reproduce, disclose, or distribute its contents, or to manufacture, use, or sell anything that it may describe, in whole or in part. Khronos Group grants express permission to any current Promoter, Contributor or Adopter member of Khronos to copy and redistribute UNMODIFIED versions of this specification in any fashion, provided that NO CHARGE is made for the specification and the latest available update of the specification for any version of the API is used whenever possible. Such distributed specification may be reformatted AS LONG AS the contents of the specification are not changed in any way. The specification may be incorporated into a product that is sold as long as such product includes significant independent work developed by the seller. A link to the current version of this specification on the Khronos Group website should be included whenever possible with specification distributions. -
A Typesetter's Toolkit
A Typesetter's Toolht Pierre A. MacKay Department of Classics DH-10, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilization (DH-20) University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 U.S.A. Internet: mackayecs .washi ngton .edu Abstract Over the past ten years, a variety of publications in the humanities has required the development of special capabilities, particularly in fonts for non-English text. A number of these are of general interest, since they involve strategies for remapping fonts and for generating composite glyphs from an existing repertory of simple characters. Techniques for selective compilation and remapping of METAFONTs are described here, together with a program for generating Postscript-style Adobe Font Metrics from Computer Modern Fonts. Introduction usually start out in a technology that was out of date in the first place. In the past year we have History. For the past ten years I have served as had to work with one text made up of extensive the technical department of a typesetting effort quotations from Greek inscriptions, composed in which produces scholarly publications for the fields a version of RUNOFF dating from about 1965 and of Classics and Near Eastern Languages, with occa- modified by an unknown hand to produce Greek sional forays into the related social sciences. Right on an unknown printer. The final version of the from the beginning these texts have presented the manuscript was submitted to the editorial board in challenge of special characters, both simplex and 1991. I have no idea when the unique adaptation for composite. We have used several different roman- epigraphical Greek was first written. -
Orthographies in Early Modern Europe
Orthographies in Early Modern Europe Orthographies in Early Modern Europe Edited by Susan Baddeley Anja Voeste De Gruyter Mouton An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org ISBN 978-3-11-021808-4 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-021809-1 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-021806-2 ISSN 0179-0986 e-ISSN 0179-3256 ThisISBN work 978-3-11-021808-4 is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License, ase-ISBN of February (PDF) 978-3-11-021809-1 23, 2017. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-021806-2 LibraryISSN 0179-0986 of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ae-ISSN CIP catalog 0179-3256 record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-3-11-028812-4 e-ISBNBibliografische 978-3-11-028817-9 Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliogra- fie;This detaillierte work is licensed bibliografische under the DatenCreative sind Commons im Internet Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs über 3.0 License, Libraryhttp://dnb.dnb.deas of February of Congress 23, 2017.abrufbar. -
Character Encoding
$7.00 U.S. InsIde: Developing User Interface Standards INTERNATIONAL Plus! Who Owns the ® Data? SSpecpecTHE MULTIVALUE TEttCHNOLOGYrr umMumAGAZINE I MAR/APR 2011 Character Encoding Getting Ready for the World Stage intl-spectrum.com Advanced 6 Spec_Layout 1 2/14/11 2:22 PM Page 1 Advanced database technology for breakthrough applications This makes applications fly. Embed our post-relational database if you Caché eliminates the need for object-relational want your next application to have breakthrough mapping. Which can reduce your development features, run withC abclahzéing speed, be massively cycle by as much as 40%. scalable and require mi®nimal administration. Caché is available for all major platforms – InterSystems has advanced object and it supports MultiValue development. Caché is technology that makes it easier to build applica- deployed on more than 100,000 systems world- tions with XML, Web services, AJAX, Java, and .NET. wide, ranging from two to over 50,000 users. And Caché can run SQL up to 5 times faster than For over 30 years, we’ve provided advanced relational databases. ™ software technologies for breakthrough With its unique Unified Data Architecture , applications. Visit us at the International Spectrum Conference, April 4-7, 2011, West Palm Beach, Florida. InterSystems.com/Advanced6WW Download a free, fully functio©n 20a11l I,n tnerSoys-tetmism Corpeor-altiomn. Alil rtig hctso repseryve do. Inft eCrSyastecmhs Céach, éo is ra r ergiesteqredu treadsemta rikt o f oIntnerS yDsteVmsD Cor,p oaratti on. 2-11 Adv6Spec INTERNATIONAL ® SSpecpecTHE MULTIVALUE tt TErrCHNOLOGYumum MAGAZINE FEATURES I MARCH/APRIL 2011 Character Encoding It’s a small world and getting smaller, Business Tech: User Ownership of Data Gone are the days especially6 thanks to the Internet and 10 when the Data Processing department was both keeper and defender web-enabled applications.