International Relations (I R) San Francisco State University Bulletin 2020-2021
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An Overview of Russian Foreign Policy
02-4498-6 ch1.qxd 3/25/02 2:58 PM Page 7 1 AN OVERVIEW OF RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY Forging a New Foreign Policy Concept for Russia Russia’s entry into the new millennium was accompanied by qualitative changes in both domestic and foreign policy. After the stormy events of the early 1990s, the gradual process of consolidating society around a strengthened democratic gov- ernment took hold as people began to recognize this as a requirement if the ongoing political and socioeconomic transformation of the country was to be successful. The for- mation of a new Duma after the December 1999 parliamen- tary elections, and Vladimir Putin’s election as president of Russia in 2000, laid the groundwork for an extended period of political stability, which has allowed us to undertake the devel- opment of a long-term strategic development plan for the nation. Russia’s foreign policy course is an integral part of this strategic plan. President Putin himself has emphasized that “foreign policy is both an indicator and a determining factor for the condition of internal state affairs. Here we should have no illusions. The competence, skill, and effectiveness with 02-4498-6 ch1.qxd 3/25/02 2:58 PM Page 8 which we use our diplomatic resources determines not only the prestige of our country in the eyes of the world, but also the political and eco- nomic situation inside Russia itself.”1 Until recently, the view prevalent in our academic and mainstream press was that post-Soviet Russia had not yet fully charted its national course for development. -
The Theoretical Significance of Foreign Policy in International Relations- an Analyses
Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 2, 2020 Review Article THE THEORETICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF FOREIGN POLICY IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS- AN ANALYSES Jesmine Ahmed* *PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science, Assam University, Email Id-jesmine, [email protected]. Received: 09.11.2019 Revised: 05.12.2019 Accepted: 04.01.2020 Abstract: Foreign policy of a country is formulated to safeguard and promote its national interests in the conduct of relations with other countries, bilaterally and multilaterally. It is a direct reflection of a country’s traditional values and overall national policies, her aspirations and self-perception. Thus, Foreign Policies are the strategies, methods, guidelines, agreements that usually national governments use to perform their actions in the international arena. In contemporary times, every state establishes diplomatic, economic, trade, educational, cultural and political relations with other nations and that compels to maintain its relation with each other as well as with international organizations and non-governmental actors in the international relations. Thus, International Relations attempts to explain the behaviours that occur across the boundaries of states and institutions such as private, state, governmental, non-governmental and inter- governmental oversee those interactions. However, this paper try to articulate the theoretical importance of foreign policy in international relations and how it helps in maintaining relations among the countries at the international level. Key Words: Foreign Policy, International Relations, State, Bilateral, Multilateral © 2019 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.02.144 INTRODUCTION: Moreover, Foreign policy involves both decisions and actions i.e., In international arena, every nation has always been policies. -
Contemporary Jurisprudence and International
THE YALE LAW JO UR NA L VOLUME 61 MAY 1952 NUMBER 5 CONTEMPORARYJURISPRUDENCE AND INTERNATIONAL LAW* F.S. C.NORTHROPt WORLDsurvival and progress in an atomic epoch depends on an effective international law. Yet several recent students of the subject conclude that any further attempt to improve international relations by legal means is not merely unrealistic and impractical, but also likely to result in more harm than good. Is this to be the final verdict? The purpose of this inquiry is to answer this question by analyzing the major contemporary theories of jurisprudence and their bearing on international law. LEGAL POSITIVISM Legal positivism delimits the subject matter of law to the cases and proposi- tions in law books and to the legal institutions which apply those propositions. In domestic law this restriction of the law to the positive law has been found wanting. Dean Roscoe Pound's strictures against this "give-it-up" philosophy are well known.1 Justice Holmes' and Brandeis' pragmatic conception of law as a social instrument for facing and resolving social problems rather than running away from them is now a commonplace. Increasingly important is Myres McDougal's observation that not merely British legal positivism but also American legal realism leave one with a type of law which is incapable of meeting either the opportunities or responsibilities of the contemporary world.2 It has remained, however, for a legal positivist, P. E. Corbett, to give the final reductio ad absurdurn to such a system of jurisprudence in his Law and Society in the Relations of States.3 Consider, for example, the theory of auto-limitation introduced by Jellinek to account for legal obligation in international law. -
Historical Sociology in International Relations: Open Society, Research Programme and Vocation
George Lawson Historical sociology in international relations: open society, research programme and vocation Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Lawson, George (2007) Historical sociology in international relations: open society, research programme and vocation. International politics, 44 (4). pp. 343-368. DOI: 10.1057/palgrave.ip.8800195 © 2007 Palgrave Macmillan This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/2742/ Available in LSE Research Online: August 2012 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final manuscript accepted version of the journal article, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer review process. Some differences between this version and the published version may remain. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. Historical Sociology in International Relations: Open Society, Research Programme and Vocation Article for International Politics forum on Historical Sociology April 2006 Abstract Over the last twenty years, historical sociology has become an increasingly conspicuous part of the broader field of International Relations (IR) theory, with advocates making a series of interventions in subjects as diverse as the origins and varieties of international systems over time and place, to work on the co-constitutive relationship between the international realm and state-society relations in processes of radical change. -
Foreign Policy Analysis
FOREIGN POLICY ANALYSIS (listed in catalogue as Theoretical Explanations of Foreign Policy) Pol Sci 530 Jack S. Levy Rutgers University Spring 2014 Hickman 304 848/932-1073 [email protected] http://fas-polisci.rutgers.edu/levy/ Office Hours: after class and by appointment This seminar focuses on how states formulate and implement their foreign policies. Foreign Policy Analysis is a well-defined subfield within the International Relations field, with its own sections in the International Studies Association and American Political Science Association (Foreign Policy Analysis and Foreign Policy, respectively). Our orientation in this course is more theoretical and process-oriented than substantive or interpretive. We focus on policy inputs and the decision-making process rather than on policy outputs. An important assumption underlying this course is that the processes through which foreign policy is made have a considerable impact on the substantive content of policy. We follow a loose a levels-of-analysis framework to organize our survey of the theoretical literature on foreign policy. We examine rational state actor, bureaucratic/ organizational, institutional, societal, and psychological models. We look at the government decision-makers, organizations, political parties, private interests, social groups, and mass publics that have an impact on foreign policy. We analyze the various constraints within which each of these sets of actors must operate, the nature of their interactions with each other and with the society as a whole, and the processes and mechanisms through which they resolve their differences and formulate policy. Although most (but not all) of our reading is written by Americans and although much of it deals primarily with American foreign policy, most of these conceptual frameworks are much more general and not restricted to the United States. -
Is International Relations Relevant for International Money and Finance?
Is International Relations Relevant for International Money and Finance? Thomas B. Pepinsky David A. Steinberg Department of Government Department of Political Science Cornell University University of Oregon [email protected] [email protected] FIRST DRAFT: August 5, 2014 THIS DRAFT: December 3, 2014 Is International Relations Relevant for International Money and Finance?* This paper investigates whether the discipline of international relations (IR) has contributed to international monetary and financial policy, and how it might do so more effectively. Using data from the Teaching, Research & International Policy (TRIP) surveys of policymakers, scholars, and academic journals, we show that IR research on money and finance remains a small fraction of all published IR research, and IR research on this issue rarely provides concrete policy prescriptions. This is unfortunate because scholars and policymakers agree that international money and finance are central concerns for contemporary policy. We suggest that the paucity of policy-oriented IR research on money and finance is largely a consequence of the relative success of economics in providing policymakers with the tools they need to understand economic policy problems, but that this is exacerbated by disciplinary incentives within the IR community. Increasing the policy relevance of academic IR research on money and finance will require changes to scholarly practice, and greater effort to capitalize on the complementarity of IR and economics. Although IR scholars have little influence -
The Challenging Future of Strategic Planning in Foreign Policy
01-0306-8 ch1.qxd 3/26/09 2:44 PM Page 3 daniel w. drezner 1 The Challenging Future of Strategic Planning in Foreign Policy “Avoid trivia.” —Secretary of State George Marshall’s advice to George Kennan, the first director of policy planning Strategic planning for American foreign policy is dead, dying, or moribund. This, at least, has been the assessment of several commentators and policy- makers in recent years.1 Michèle Flournoy and Shawn Brimley observed in 2006, “For a country that continues to enjoy an unrivaled global position, it is both remarkable and disturbing that the United States has no truly effective strategic planning process for national security.”2 At an academic conference in 2007, a former director of the State Department’s policy planning staff complained that, “six years after 9/11, we still don’t have a grand strategy.” Aaron Friedberg, who was director of policy planning for Vice President Richard Cheney, writes in this volume, “The U.S. government has lost the capacity to conduct serious, sustained national strategic planning.” Admiral William Fallon, the CENTCOM commander until the spring of 2008, told the New York Times that the United States would need to focus more on policy planning: “We need to have a well-thought-out game plan for engagement in the world that we adjust regularly and that has some system of checks and bal- ances built into it.”3 In this volume, Council on Foreign Relations president Richard Haass argues that the United States has “squandered” its post–cold war opportunity, concluding, “Historians will not judge the United States well for how it has used these twenty years.” These sorts of laments have become common in the past decade, in no small part because of the foreign policy planning of the administrations of Bill 3 01-0306-8 ch1.qxd 3/26/09 2:44 PM Page 4 4 The Challenging Future of Strategic Planning Clinton and George W. -
Foreign Policy Analysis Beyond North America
EXCERPTED FROM Foreign Policy Analysis Beyond North America edited by Klaus Brummer and Valerie M. Hudson Copyright © 2015 ISBN: 978-1-62637-197-2 1800 30th Street, Suite 314 Boulder, CO 80301 USA telephone 303.444.6684 fax 303.444.0824 This excerpt was downloaded from the Lynne Rienner Publishers website www.rienner.com Contents 1 Foreign Policy Analysis Beyond North America 1 Valerie M. Hudson 2 Foreign Policy Analysis in China 15 Huiyun Feng 3 Japan Through the Lens of Foreign Policy Analysis 37 Yukiko Miyagi 4 Foreign Policy Analysis in India 57 Sumit Ganguly and Manjeet S. Pardesi 5 Foreign Policy Analysis and the Arab World 77 Raymond Hinnebusch 6 Foreign Policy Processes in African States 101 Korwa G. Adar 7 Latin American Foreign Policy Analysis 121 Rita Giacalone 8 North American and European Foreign Policy Analysis 139 Amelia Hadfield and Valerie M. Hudson 9 Implications for Mainstream FPA Theory 169 Klaus Brummer Bibliography 187 The Contributors 229 Index 231 About the Book 242 v 1 Foreign Policy Analysis Beyond North America Valerie M. Hudson Foreign policy analysis (FPA) is now a mature subfield of inter- national relations (IR), arguably having been in existence for well over fifty years. Over the past ten years, it has moved from the margins of IR, possessing now such markers of maturity as its own Web of Science– ranked journal, Foreign Policy Analysis; at least a half dozen textbooks; increasing inclusion in both the undergraduate and graduate curricula of departments of political science and international relations; dedicated monograph series by high-profile academic publishers; and status as one of the two largest sections of IR’s professional organization, the International Studies Association (ISA). -
Foreign Policy Analysis in Latin American Democracies: the Case for a Research Protocol
Foreign Policy Analysis in Latin American democracies: the case for a research protocol DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7329201600106 Rev. Bras. Polít. Int., 59(1): e006, 2016 Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional Abstract ISSN 1983-3121 In this article we propose an alternative theoretical path to study http://www.rbpi.info contemporary Latin American foreign policies, evoking the notion of ‘public policy cycle’ to explain how democratic regimes in the region have been Dawisson Belém Lopes able to expand their autonomy over time. For that, we will first identify the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, sources of a given country’s foreign policy, both at home and abroad, as Departamento de Ciência Política, Belo Horizonte – MG, Brazil ([email protected]) well as its decision-making and implementation mechanisms. With regard to methodology, by replacing sheer deductivism for some inductivism, this ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1949-1001 approach also innovates in allowing more rigorous comparative politics and, consequently, new general theories about Latin American politics and policies. Carlos Aurélio Pimenta de Faria Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Keywords: Latin America; Democracy; Foreign Policy Analysis. Gerais, Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Belo Horizonte – MG, Brazil ([email protected]) ORCID ID: Received: March 13, 2016 orcid.org/0000-0003-1776-6064 Accepted: June 14, 2016 Manoel Santos Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Ciência Política, Belo Horizonte – MG, Brazil ([email protected]) -
Historical Sociological Approach in International Relations
Athens Journal of Social Sciences- Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2020 – Pages 123-130 Historical Sociological Approach in International Relations By Bihter Çelikdemir The aim of this study is to underline the importance of historical sociology for the discipline of International Relations and to suggest this research approach for the analysis of nation-state-building processes. Mainstream theories of International Relations, like neorealism and neoliberalism, argue that state behavior is determined by the international system (or structure). Since these theories attribute to the international system a key and determining role to understand state actions without having a state theory of their own, they fail to understand the transformations of the state throughout the history. In this article, it is argued that the discipline of International Relations should analyze the state and develop a theory of it. It is also argued that the way of achieving this goal is to historicize the state with a historical sociological approach. Keywords: Historical Sociology, International Relations, International System, Social Relations, Nation-State, Capitalism. Introduction With the establishment of the discipline of International Relations as a separate field of social sciences, history and sociology are treated as unrelated research areas, since the discipline relies upon the distinction between internal- external or local-international. Analyzing the local one - in other words the state and the society -is considered as the study field of sociology and history, whereas examining the international one is seen as the mission of International Relations (Yalvaç 1991, 2013). Mainstream theories of International Relations treat history as a material storage for the validation of their theories. -
The Vitality of Sovereign Equallity Today Case Studies in Conservative and Progressive Legal Orders
Fordham Law School FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History Faculty Scholarship 2004 International Law, International Relations Theory, and Preemptive War: The Vitality of Sovereign Equallity Today Case Studies in Conservative and Progressive Legal Orders Thomas H. Lee Fordham University School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Thomas H. Lee, International Law, International Relations Theory, and Preemptive War: The Vitality of Sovereign Equallity Today Case Studies in Conservative and Progressive Legal Orders, 67 Law & Contemp. Probs. 147 (2004) Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/faculty_scholarship/406 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INTERNATIONAL LAW, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY, AND PREEMPTIVE WAR: THE VITALITY OF SOVEREIGN EQUALITY TODAY THOMAS H. LEE* I INTRODUCTION The norm of sovereign equality in international law is so resolutely canonical' that its precise meaning, origins, and justifications are rarely examined. 2 Whatever the general merits of the norm, its retention seems fairly open to question when one sov- ereign state appears supremely unequal among 191 sovereign states' in terms of mili- Copyright © 2004 by Thomas H. Lee This Article is also available at http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp. *Associate Professor, Fordham University School of Law. A.B., A.M., J.D., Ph.D. -
China's Foreign Aid Political Drivers: Lessons from a Novel Dataset of Mask Diplomacy in Latin America During the COVID-19
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344035590 China’s Foreign Aid Political Drivers: Lessons from a Novel Dataset of Mask Diplomacy in Latin America During the COVID-19 Pandemic Preprint · August 2020 CITATIONS READS 0 2,171 2 authors: Diego Telias Francisco Urdinez Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile 9 PUBLICATIONS 2 CITATIONS 37 PUBLICATIONS 179 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Foreign Policy Index (Brazil) View project Democratic Peace View project All content following this page was uploaded by Francisco Urdinez on 19 April 2021. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Forthcoming in the Journal of Current Chinese Affairs China’s Foreign Aid Political Drivers: Lessons from a Novel Dataset of Mask Diplomacy in Latin America During the COVID-19 Pandemic Diego Telias Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-0017 & Francisco Urdinez1 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3333-478X Abstract: This study investigates a novel dataset comprised of a universe of 537 donations in 33 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, between February 11 and June 20, 2020, which provides a high level of detail on China’s and Taiwan’s mask diplomacy. We describe who the main donors were, who the main recipients were, what was donated to each country, and which variables explain why some countries received more aid than the others. Drawing on previous literature, the article advances understanding about the political determinants of these donations.