DOCSLIB.ORG

A Sustainable Transport Competitiveness Analysis of the China Railway Express in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Sustainable Transport Competitiveness Analysis of the China Railway Express in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative sustainability Article A Sustainable Transport Competitiveness Analysis of the China Railway Express in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative Shiqi Li 1, Maoxiang Lang 1,*, Xueqiao Yu 1, Mingyue Zhang 1, Minghe Jiang 2, Sangbing Tsai 3,4,*, Cheng-Kuang Wang 3 and Fang Bian 3,* 1 School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; [email protected] (S.L.); [email protected] (X.Y.); [email protected] (M.Z.) 2 Changchun No. 8 High school, Changchun 13000, China; [email protected] 3 Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528400, China; [email protected] 4 China Civil Aviation Environment and Sustainable Development Research Center, Tianjin 300300, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.L.); [email protected] (S.T.); [email protected] (F.B.) Received: 17 April 2019; Accepted: 20 May 2019; Published: 22 May 2019 Abstract: The implementation of China’s Belt and Road Initiative macro strategy has promoted exchanges and cooperation between China and Europe and countries along the route. The operation of the China Railway Express provides a new transportation platform for China–Europe trade. The sustainable development of the China Railway Express has a great significance in terms of promoting the growth of China–Europe trade and meeting the demand for freight in Asia and Europe. Its time-saving advantage over shipping and its economic advantage over air transport cannot be ignored. This paper is based on the discrete selection model of stochastic utility theory. The paper constructs a multi-logit model based on generalized cost functions, including economics, timeliness, reliability, convenience, safety, and environmental protection. To calculate the market share of the China Railway Express and China–Europe Shipping, the paper conducts a quantitative analysis of the market competitiveness of the China Railway Express. Then, the sensitivity analysis and elastic analysis are carried out on the China Railway Express freight rate, the Chinese road freight rate, the China Railway Express service fee, the China Railway Express travelling speed, the China Railway Express sending operation time at the departure station, the China Railway Express transportation time error, the China Railway Express transportation frequency, and the China Railway Express carbon emissions per unit. Finally, based on the analysis results, suggestions for promoting the sustainable development of the China Railway Express are given. Keywords: China Railway Express; competitiveness analysis; multiple Logit models; generalized costs; sustainability; sustainable transport 1. Introduction For a long time, China–Europe trade mainly relied on shipping. With the Belt and Road Initiative strategy proposed by China, the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road have been established, which have promoted exchanges and cooperation between China and Europe and countries along the route. As an important part of the Belt and Road Initiative macro-strategy, the China Railway Express trains are operated in accordance with the conditions of fixed trains, routes, schedules, and full-time operation times, and are transported to and from China and Europe. From the first train from Chongqing to Duisburg in Germany in March 2011 to the last train at the end of 2018, 12,937 railway container trains have already finished their journey. At present, China has Sustainability 2019, 11, 2896; doi:10.3390/su11102896 www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability Sustainability 2019, 11, 2896 2 of 30 Sustainability 2018, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 33 established three major passages of east, middle, and west through Manzhouli, Erlianhot, Alataw Pass, 46 andPass Horgos., and Horgos. There are There 48 domestically are 48 domestically operated operated cities, and cities, 42 reachedand 42 reached cities in cities 14 European in 14 European countries. 47 Thecountries. operated The lines operated are shown lines inare Figure shown1. in Figure 1. 48 49 FigureFigure 1. 1. ChinaChina Railway Express l lineine layout. layout. 50 TheThe successful successful opening opening of theof the China China Railway Railway Express Express has has provided provide a thirdd a third choice choice for China–Europe for China– 51 internationalEurope international trade, beside trade shipping, beside shipping and air transport. and air transport. It has also It has brought also brought a strong a demandstrong demand for cargo 52 transportationfor cargo transportation for Asia-Europe for Asia economic-Europe and economic trade growth. and trade Compared growth. toCompared traditional to shipping,traditional the 53 averageshipping, railway the average transportation railway transportation distance between distance China between and Europe China isand less Europe than 9000 is less km. than It has9000 the 54 advantageskilometers. of It fast has transportation the advantages speed, of fast shorttransportation time (only speed, one-third short oftime shipping), (only one no-third weather of shipping), influence, 55 a highno weather safety factor,influence, and a green high environmentalsafety factor, and protection. green environmental Compared to protection. air transport, Compared China Railwayto air 56 Expresstransport, has China obvious Railway economic Express advantages has obvious (the economic freight rateadvantages is only (the one-fifth freight of rate air is transport). only one-fifth With 57 theof Belt air andtransport). Road InitiativeWith the Belt strategy, and Road in recent Initiative years, strat Chinaegy, Railwayin recent Expressyears, China has developedRailway Express rapidly, 58 andhas with developed its outstanding rapidly, transportationand with its advantages,outstanding ittransportation has gradually advantages, improved itsit competitivenesshas gradually 59 inimproved China–Europe its competitiveness trade. However, in China there–Europe are still trade. some However, problems there with are the still China some Railwayproblems Express, with 60 includingthe China the Railway issue that Expres thes, market including competitiveness the issue that the is low, market the competitiveness overall freight volumeis low, the is small,overall the 61 freight volume is small, the demand for cargo transportation is lower, the originating container center demand for cargo transportation is lower, the originating container center stations are scattered, and 62 stations are scattered, and the whole transportation cost is higher. At present, China Railway Express the whole transportation cost is higher. At present, China Railway Express very much relies on a great 63 very much relies on a great deal of subsides from the Chinese government. However, with the deal of subsides from the Chinese government. However, with the reduction of those subsides, the 64 reduction of those subsides, the market share of China Railway Express will be affected, which will market share of China Railway Express will be affected, which will have a negative impact on the 65 have a negative impact on the sustainable development of China Railway Express. 66 sustainableTherefore, development in order of to China promote Railway the sustainable Express. development of China Railway Express and 67 furtherTherefore, enhance in order the market to promote competitiveness the sustainable of China development Railway of E Chinaxpress, Railway this paper Express analyzes and further the 68 enhancedetailed the transportation market competitiveness process of China of Railway China Railway Express Express,and China this–Europe paper Shipping, analyzes and the builds detailed a 69 transportationChina Railway process Express of competitiveness China Railway model Express based and on China–Europe generalized costs Shipping,. Additionally, and builds through a China an 70 Railwayanalysis Express of the competitiveness influencing factors, model it basedputs forward on generalized relevant costs. suggestions Additionally, to enhance through the an market analysis 71 ofcompetitiveness the influencing factors,of China it Railway puts forward Express relevant from various suggestions aspects to and enhance specific the optimization market competitiveness measures 72 of Chinafor the Railwaysustainable Express development from various of China aspects Railway and Express. specific optimization measures for the sustainable 73 developmentThis paper of China mainly Railway studies Express. the competitiveness comparison of China Railway Express and 74 ChinaThis–Europe paper mainlyShipping. studies The paper the competitivenessconsiders the six comparisoninfluencing factors of China of economy, Railway Expresstimeliness, and 75 China–Europereliability, convenience, Shipping. safety The paper, and environmental considers the protection six influencing, uses multiple factors ofLogit economy, models timeliness,to solve 76 reliability,the sharin convenience,g ratio, conducts safety, the and sensitivity environmental analysis protection, and elasticity uses analysis multiple on Logit different models influencing to solve the 77 factors to understand the impact of various factors on competitiveness, and then proposes Sustainability 2019, 11, 2896 3 of 30 sharing ratio, conducts the sensitivity analysis and elasticity analysis on different influencing factors to understand the impact of various factors on competitiveness, and then proposes countermeasures that are conducive to promoting the sustainable development of China Railway Express. The
Load more

Recommended publications
  • U.S. Investors Are Funding Malign PRC Companies on Major Indices
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Office of the Spokesperson For Immediate Release FACT SHEET December 8, 2020 U.S. Investors Are Funding Malign PRC Companies on Major Indices “Under Xi Jinping, the CCP has prioritized something called ‘military-civil fusion.’ … Chinese companies and researchers must… under penalty of law – share technology with the Chinese military. The goal is to ensure that the People’s Liberation Army has military dominance. And the PLA’s core mission is to sustain the Chinese Communist Party’s grip on power.” – Secretary of State Michael R. Pompeo, January 13, 2020 The Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) threat to American national security extends into our financial markets and impacts American investors. Many major stock and bond indices developed by index providers like MSCI and FTSE include malign People’s Republic of China (PRC) companies that are listed on the Department of Commerce’s Entity List and/or the Department of Defense’s List of “Communist Chinese military companies” (CCMCs). The money flowing into these index funds – often passively, from U.S. retail investors – supports Chinese companies involved in both civilian and military production. Some of these companies produce technologies for the surveillance of civilians and repression of human rights, as is the case with Uyghurs and other Muslim minority groups in Xinjiang, China, as well as in other repressive regimes, such as Iran and Venezuela. As of December 2020, at least 24 of the 35 parent-level CCMCs had affiliates’ securities included on a major securities index. This includes at least 71 distinct affiliate-level securities issuers.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Informatics in Chongqing: a Case Study of the Real-Name and ID Requirement Policy in the Chinese Railway System
    Community Informatics in Chongqing: A Case Study of the Real-Name and ID Requirement Policy in the Chinese Railway System Huo Ran 霍然 and Wei Qunyi 魏群义 Abstract This study discusses strategies for narrowing the digital divide by examining the real-name and ID requirement policy that governs online purchases of train tickets in China. Using a case study, the authors of this study asks what factors influence online ticket pur- chasing by railway passengers and examines how Chinese public libraries offer online ticket-purchasing assistance as a strategy for bridging the digital divide. Deploying both quantitative and quali- tative methods—including questionnaires and semistructured in- terviews—the authors found that four factors—gender, age, social status, and privacy concerns—were most important in influencing passengers’ online ticket purchasing, and that Chinese public librar- ies do facilitate access to the digital world. Introduction Over the past two decades, rail travel—especially between urban and ru- ral areas—has grown tremendously in China. This is in part because so many people have left home to pursue employment or higher education. Travel increases especially during the summer holidays and around Chi- nese New Year 春节 and peaks around the Lunar New Year. The period around the Chinese New Year usually begins 15 days before this turn of the year and lasts for about forty days in total (“Chunyun,” 2012). The railroad sees an extremely high traffic load during this period. Annually, approximately three billion passengers travel between China’s provinces during this time—possibly a world record. STNN 星岛环球网 reported that in the two weeks of the Chunyun 春运 period in 2008, the number of passenger journeys exceeded 22 billion.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatiotemporal Evolution of China's Railway Network in the 20Th Century
    Transportation Research Part A 43 (2009) 765–778 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Transportation Research Part A journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tra Spatiotemporal evolution of China’s railway network in the 20th century: An accessibility approach Jiaoe Wang a,b,*, Fengjun Jin a, Huihui Mo a,c, Fahui Wang c a Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China b Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA c China Communications and Transportation Association, Beijing 100825, China article info abstract Article history: The interrelatedness of transportation development and economic growth has been a con- Received 27 April 2007 stant theme of geographic inquiries, particularly in economic and transportation geogra- Received in revised form 17 June 2009 phy. This paper analyzes the expansion of China’s railway network, the evolution of its Accepted 12 July 2009 spatial accessibility, and the impacts on economic growth and urban systems over a time span of about one century (1906–2000). First, major historical events and policies and their effects on railway development in China are reviewed and grouped into four major eras: Keywords: preliminary construction, network skeleton, corridor building, and deep intensification. Railway network All four eras followed a path of ‘‘inland expansion.” Second, spatial distribution of accessi- Accessibility Spatiotemporal patterns bility and its evolution are analyzed. The spatial structure of China’s railway network is Urban systems characterized by ‘‘concentric rings” with its major axis in North China and the most acces- China sible city gradually migrating from Tianjin to Zhengzhou.
    [Show full text]
  • Securing the Belt and Road Initiative: China's Evolving Military
    the national bureau of asian research nbr special report #80 | september 2019 securing the belt and road initiative China’s Evolving Military Engagement Along the Silk Roads Edited by Nadège Rolland cover 2 NBR Board of Directors John V. Rindlaub Kurt Glaubitz Matt Salmon (Chairman) Global Media Relations Manager Vice President of Government Affairs Senior Managing Director and Chevron Corporation Arizona State University Head of Pacific Northwest Market East West Bank Mark Jones Scott Stoll Co-head of Macro, Corporate & (Treasurer) Thomas W. Albrecht Investment Bank, Wells Fargo Securities Partner (Ret.) Partner (Ret.) Wells Fargo & Company Ernst & Young LLP Sidley Austin LLP Ryo Kubota Mitchell B. Waldman Dennis Blair Chairman, President, and CEO Executive Vice President, Government Chairman Acucela Inc. and Customer Relations Sasakawa Peace Foundation USA Huntington Ingalls Industries, Inc. U.S. Navy (Ret.) Quentin W. Kuhrau Chief Executive Officer Charles W. Brady Unico Properties LLC Honorary Directors Chairman Emeritus Lawrence W. Clarkson Melody Meyer Invesco LLC Senior Vice President (Ret.) President The Boeing Company Maria Livanos Cattaui Melody Meyer Energy LLC Secretary General (Ret.) Thomas E. Fisher Long Nguyen International Chamber of Commerce Senior Vice President (Ret.) Chairman, President, and CEO Unocal Corporation George Davidson Pragmatics, Inc. (Vice Chairman) Joachim Kempin Kenneth B. Pyle Vice Chairman, M&A, Asia-Pacific (Ret.) Senior Vice President (Ret.) Professor, University of Washington HSBC Holdings plc Microsoft Corporation Founding President, NBR Norman D. Dicks Clark S. Kinlin Jonathan Roberts Senior Policy Advisor President and Chief Executive Officer Founder and Partner Van Ness Feldman LLP Corning Cable Systems Ignition Partners Corning Incorporated Richard J.
    [Show full text]
  • Entities Identified As Chinese Military Companies Operating in the United States in Accordance with Section 1260H of the William M
    Entities Identified as Chinese Military Companies Operating in the United States in Accordance with Section 1260H of the William M. ("Mac") Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (PUBLIC LAW 116-283) Aerospace CH UA V Co., Ltd Aerosun Corporation Aviation Industry Corporation of China, Ltd. (AVIC) AVIC Aviation High-Technology Company Limited A VIC Heavy Machinery Company Limited A VIC Jonhon Optronic Technology Co., Ltd. A VIC Shenyang Aircraft Company Limited A VIC Xi'an Aircraft Industry Group Company Ltd. China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation Limited (CASIC) China Communications Construction Company Limited (CCCC) China Communications Construction Group (Limited) (CCCG) China Electronics Corporation (CEC) China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETC) China General Nuclear Power Corporation (CGN) China Marine Information Electronics Company Limited China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd. China Mobile Limited China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) China North Industries Group Corporation Limited (Norinco Group) China Railway Construction Corporation Limited (CRCC) China South Industries Group Corporation (CSGC) China SpaceSat Co., Ltd. China State Shipbuilding Corporation Limited (CSSC) China Telecom Corporation Limited China Telecommunications Corporation China Unicom (Hong Kong) Limited China United Network Communications Group Co., Ltd. (China Unicom) CNOOC Limited Costar Group Co., Ltd. Fujian Torch Electron Technology Co., Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • CHINA RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION Tiger.Chai 柴常峰
    CHINA RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION Tiger.Chai 柴常峰 Executive Representative of CRCC ( Baltic ) Email: [email protected] 01 About CRCC 02 One Belt One Road Initiative OUTLINEOUTLINE 03 16+1 Cooperation 04 CRCC Here 3 01 About CRCC CHINA RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION Ranking 1st of 250 Global Contractors of ENR in 2015 79th of Fortune 500 of 2015 8th of Top 500 Chinese Enterprises of 2015 Financing and Insurance Mineral Resources Logistics, Trade of Goods and Materials Industrial Manufacturing Concession Main Business Scope Real Estate Engineering Construction 公司业务 BusinessReview Wholly-OwnedSubsidiaries China Railway 11st Bureau Group Co., Ltd China Railway Construction Group Co., Ltd China Railway 12nd Bureau Group Co., Ltd CRCC Electrification Bureau (Group) Co., Ltd CRCC Harbour Engineering Co., Ltd China Railway 13rd Bureau Group Co., Ltd CRCC Real Estate Group Co., Ltd China Railway 14th Bureau Group Co., Ltd China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd China Railway 15th Bureau Group Co., Ltd China Railway Fourth Survey and Design China Railway 16th Bureau Group Co., Ltd Institute Group Co., Ltd China Railway Fifth Survey and Design China Railway 17th Bureau Group Co., Ltd Institute Group Co., Ltd China Railway Shanghai Design Institute China Railway 18th Bureau Group Co., Ltd Group Co., Ltd China Railway 19th Bureau Group Co., Ltd China Railway Construction (International) Co., Ltd China Railway Large Maintenance China Railway 20th Bureau Group Co., Ltd Machinery Co., Ltd China Railway 21st Bureau Group
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article (PDF)
    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 357 2nd International Conference on Education, Economics and Social Science (ICEESS 2019) A Brief Analysis of the ‘Fancy’ Transformation of Jiangsu Textile Industry Fangzheng Tong, Liang Li* Wuhan Textile University Wuhan, China *Corresponding author: Liang Li, [email protected] Abstract—Entering the post quota era, China's textile Jiangnan, Henan, Zhejiang, Fujian and other provinces, the industry will participate in economic globalization and momentum is even stronger[5]. At the same time, the international competition in a larger scope and deeper level, and development speed of Jiangsu textile industry has lagged face greater competitive pressure [1]. In recent years, Sino-US behind the national average. The textile and apparel industry trade frictions have been escalating and the growth of the occupies an important position in Jiangsu economy in the international market has slowed down. The export pressure of medium and long term. However, the traditional textile and the textile industry will increase. Faced with all kinds of apparel market has been in a downturn in recent years. The challenges, China's textile industry should speed up advantages of price and human resources are "squeezed at both transformation and adjustment, respond positively to the new ends". There are more migrant workers, high labor costs and "one belt and one road" initiative of the country, and shift its the export profit space is gradually shrinking. vision and vision from traditional market to a more open world. In the construction of "one belt and one road", Jiangsu textile The international situation and the escalation of Sino-US enterprises play an important role.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide for Chinese Exchange Teachers
    How Chinese Teachers Can Enhance Their Professional Experience in the U.S.-China Teachers Exchange Program A Guide for Chinese Exchange Teachers March 2011 National Committee on United States-China Relations (NCUSCR) E E E Acknowledgements The National Committee on U.S.-China Relations wishes to thank the many American and Chinese teachers and administrators involved in the U.S.-China Teachers Exchange Program for willingly sharing their experiences and ideas for the benefit of future participants. This guide could only be developed with their generous input. InSites, a Colorado-based non-profit 501(c)(3) organization that conducts the ongoing evaluation of the exchange program, developed this guide based on its evaluations of the program and other in- formation provided by the program staff. The following individuals served on the InSites evaluation team: Patricia Jessup, Beverly Parsons, Rosemary Reinhart, Jessica Germain, and Kathy Wyckoff. The National Committee on U.S.-China Relations (NCUSCR) uses this guide in operating the U.S.- China Teachers Exchange Program. It also is available online for other interested parties. Please contact the National Committee for permission to cite or quote from the guide. Margot Landman Senior Director for Education Programs at the National Committee on U.S.-China Relations Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................ 12 Preparing for the Exchange
    [Show full text]
  • Study of the Impact of a High-Speed Railway Opening on China's
    sustainability Article Study of the Impact of a High-Speed Railway Opening on China’s Accessibility Pattern and Spatial Equality Jun Yang 1,2,* ID , Andong Guo 1,2, Xueming Li 1,2 and Tai Huang 3,* ID 1 Human Settlements Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China; [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (X.L.) 2 Liaoning Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Geomatics, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China 3 Department of Tourism Management, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.Y.); [email protected] (T.H.) Received: 6 July 2018; Accepted: 15 August 2018; Published: 19 August 2018 Abstract: China’s high-speed rail was inaugurated in 2008; it has greatly improved accessibility, and reduced the time required to travel between cities, but at the same time, has caused an unfair distribution of accessibility levels. Therefore, this paper analyzes urban traffic roads and socio-economic statistics, using network analysis methods, accessibility coefficients of variation, and social demand indexes to explore the spatial and temporal characteristics of transport accessibility and spatial equity in China. By 2015, the national transport accessibility level will form a new pattern of “corridors” and “islands”, centered on high-speed rail lines and sites. Additionally, the opening of high-speed railways has improved, to a certain extent, the inter-regional accessibility balance, and increased accessibility from high-speed railway sites to non-site cities. Spatial equality was also analyzed using the accessibility coefficient and social demand index. In conclusion, studying accessibility and spatial equity plays an important role in the rational planning of urban land resources and transportation.
    [Show full text]
  • Use Style: Paper Title
    2011 International Conference on New Technology of Agricultural Engineering (ICAE 2011) Zibo, China 27 – 29 May 2011 Pages 1-579 IEEE Catalog Number: CFP1159M-PRT ISBN: 978-1-4244-9574-0 1/2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 004-A11090 RAPE LESION FEATURE PARAMETER EXTRACTION BASED ON 1 IMAGE PROCESSING Hong Zhongliang,Qiu Zhengjun 005-A11091 THE RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS OF ANTI-DRAG MECHANISM FOR 5 VIBRATORY SUBSOILER Li Xia,Zhang Dongxing 006-A11093 KINEMATIC SIMULATION OF BUNDLING MACHINE 10 Du RenˈZhang Han 007-A11094 EXPERIMENT AND RESEARCH ON KEY PARTS OF THE WOUND 14 BUNDLER Du RenˈYu Jie 010-A11108 ANALYSIS ON LEAF-STRIPPING EFFECT OF SUGARCANE FEEDING 19 WAY FOR CENTRIFUGAL LEAF-STRIPPING MACHINE Mou Xiangwei,Ou Yinggang,Liu Qingting,Zeng Zhiqiang 011-A11057 A CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE MECHANISM OF FEITILIZER 24 PROPORTIONING AND MIXING BASED ON THE NITROGEN, PHOSPHATE AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZER Liming ChenˈLiming XuˈYanlong Hou 013-A11065 DESIGN AND EXPERIMENT ON CORN STUBBLE SCREENING 29 CONVEYOR DEVICE Quan Longzhe 014-A11046 AUTOMATIC SEGMENTATION METHOD OF TOUCHING CORN 34 KERNELS IN DIGITAL IMAGE BASED ON IMPROVED WATERSHED ALGORITHM Quan Longzhe,Jiang Enchen 015-A11004 SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR MOTION FOR 38 MATERIAL PARTICLES ON VIBRATING SCREEN LI Hongchang,Li Yaoming 016-A11009 DESIGN AND EXPERIMENT OF 4YQZ-3A COMBINE HARVESTER 44 FOR CORN Zhang Xirui,Dong Youfu,Zhang Daolin 017-A11012 DETERMINATION OF ETHOFENPROX SPREADING OIL DISTRIBUTIO 50 NON WATER SURFACE BY HPLC Feng Chao , Kong Fanyu, Zhang ChengshengˈYuan Huizhu*, Yang Daibin 018-A11071-1 THE SEARCHING OF SHEARING TEST OF THE BOTTOM STALK OF 54 CHINA-HEMP IN HARVESTING PERIOD Zhang xindong,Wu wenfu,Liu xueqiang,Yi xiaokang,Guan zhiping 019-A11073 STUDY ON CHARGED SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO-FLUID 58 NOZZLE Wang Xiaoying, Wen Jianlong 021-A11022 EFFECT OF LAND SLOPE ON SOME SOIL PHYSICAL AND HYDRAULIC 62 PROPERTIES M.
    [Show full text]
  • China: Shizheng Railway Project (PPAR)
    CHINA ShiZheng Railway Project Report No. 129933 NOVEMBER 28, 2018 © 2019 International Bank for Reconstruction This work is a product of the staff of The World RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS and Development / The World Bank Bank with external contributions. The findings, The material in this work is subject to copyright. 1818 H Street NW interpretations, and conclusions expressed in Because The World Bank encourages Washington DC 20433 this work do not necessarily reflect the views of dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be Telephone: 202-473-1000 The World Bank, its Board of Executive reproduced, in whole or in part, for Internet: www.worldbank.org Directors, or the governments they represent. noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: The World Bank does not guarantee the World Bank. 2018. China—ShiZheng Railway accuracy of the data included in this work. The Any queries on rights and licenses, including Project. Independent Evaluation Group, Project boundaries, colors, denominations, and other subsidiary rights, should be addressed to Performance Assessment Report 129933. information shown on any map in this work do World Bank Publications, The World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank. not imply any judgment on the part of The Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC World Bank concerning the legal status of any 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: territory or the endorsement or acceptance of [email protected]. such boundaries. Report No.: 129933 PROJECT
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Railway Network Dynamics in China from 2008 to 2017
    International Journal of Geo-Information Article Exploring Railway Network Dynamics in China from 2008 to 2017 Yaping Huang 1,2, Shiwei Lu 1,2,*, Xiping Yang 3,4 ID and Zhiyuan Zhao 5,6 1 School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; [email protected] 2 Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Urbanization, Wuhan 430074, China 3 School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; [email protected] 4 Geomatics Technology and Application key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China 5 National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Geo-spatial Information Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China; [email protected] 6 Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining & Information Sharing of MOE, Fuzhou 350002, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-27-8754-2156 Received: 10 July 2018; Accepted: 7 August 2018; Published: 8 August 2018 Abstract: China’s high speed rail (HSR) network has been rapidly constructed and developed during the past 10 years. However, few studies have reported the spatiotemporal changes of railway network structures and how those structures have been affected by the operation of high speed rail systems in different periods. This paper analyzes the evolving network characteristics of China’s railway network during each of the four main stages of HSR development over a 10-year period. These four stages include Stage 1, when no HSR was in place prior to August 2008; Stage 2, when several HSR lines were put into operation between August 2008, and July 2011; Stage 3, when the network skeleton of most main HSR lines was put into place.
    [Show full text]