China and Latin America Economic Relations in the Twenty-First Century
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On the basis of independent research, it acts as a consultant to public institutions in Germany and abroad on current issues of cooperation be- tween developed and developing countries. Through its nine-month training course, the German Development Institute prepares German and European univer- sity graduates for a career in the field of development policy. Center for Chinese-Mexican Studies (CECHIMEX) The Center for Chinese-Mexican Studies (CECHIMEX) is an academic institution at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and focuses on im- proving the knowledge and preparation in Mexico on China and emphasizes the bilateral relationship. Together with the private, public and academic sectors CECHIMEX supports the deepening of Latin America´s and Mexico´s increasing socioeconomic relationship with China. Studies Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik 49 China and Latin America Economic relations in the twenty-first century Rhys Jenkins / Enrique Dussel Peters (eds.) Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) in cooperation with Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) / Centro de Estudios China-México (CECHIMEX) Bonn, Bonn, Mexiko City 2009 Studies / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik ISSN 1860-0468 China and Latin America : economic relations in the twenty-first century / Rhys Jenkins ... (eds.). Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitk in cooperation with Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) / Centro de Estudios China-México (CECHIMEX). – Bonn [u.a.] : DIE [u.a.], 2009. – (Studies / Deut- sches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik ; 49) ISBN 978-3-88985-485-8 © Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik gGmbH Tulpenfeld 6, 53113 Bonn ℡ +49 (0)228 94927-0 +49 (0)228 94927-130 E-Mail:[email protected] http://www.die-gdi.de © Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F. ℡ +52-55-56222195 +52-55-56222158 E-Mail: [email protected] http://www.unam.mx and http://www.economia.unam.mx/cechimex Contents Abbrevations Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Ray Jenkins and Enrique Dussel Peters Chapter 2 The Latin American Case 21 Ray Jenkins Chapter 3 The Argentine Case 65 Andrés López and Daniela Ramos Chapter 4 The Brazilian Case 159 Daniel Saslavsky and Ricardo Rozemberg Chapter 5 The Chilean Case 227 Jonathan R. Barton Chapter 6 The Mexican Case 279 Enrique Dussel Peters On the Authors 395 Abbreviations AAGR Average Annual Growth Rate AD Antidumping ADM Archer Daniels Midland Company AMSDE Mexican Association of Economic Secretaries APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation AQSIQ Administration of Quality, Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China ATC Agreement on Textiles and Clothing BCB Brazilian Central Bank BDI Baltic Dry Index CAEI Argentine Center of International Studies CAP Corporación Andina de Fomento CAFTA United States-Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement CAMEX Brazil’s Chamber of Foreign Trade CASRECH Chamber of Minimarkets and Supermarkets owned by Chinese Residents of the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires CCPIT Chinese Consulate for the Promotion of International Trade CECHIMEX Center for Chinese-Mexican Studies CEMA Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers Association CENIT Centro de Investigaciones para la Transformación, Argentina (Cen- ter for Research on Transformation, Argentina) CEP Center of Production Studies CEPAL Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean) CET Common External Tariff CICA Argentinean Chamber for the Tanning Industry CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight CIF Código de Identificación Fiscal (Tax Identification Code) CIMA Argentinean Chamber of Leather Goods CIPPEC Centro de Implementación de Políticas Públicas para la Equidad el Crecimiento (Center for the Implementation of Public Policies Promoting Equity and Growth) CMS Constant Market Share CNAE Clasivicadión Nacional de Actividades Económicas (National Classification of Economic Activities) CNCE National Commission of International Trade CORFO The Chilean Development Agency CuPIC Partners Investment Company Ltd. CVRD Comphania Vale do Rio Doce DR-CAFTA Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement EAP Economically Active Population ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean EIU Economist Intelligence Unit ESI Export-Similarity Index ESRC Economic and Social Research Council EURE Latin American Journal of Urban and Regional Studies DIE Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik FDI Foreign Direct Investment FOB Free on Board FTA Free Trade Agreement FTAAP Free Trade Area of the Asia Pacific FUNCEX Brazilian Foreign Trade Studies Foundation GAN Grupo de Alto Nivel China-México (High Level Group China- Mexico) GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GDE Global Demand Effect GDP Gross Domestic Product GMM Generalized Method of Moment GRUMA Grupo Maseca GTAP Global Trade Analysis Project GVC Global Value Chain HTS Harmonized Tariff System IBGE Instituto Brasileiro de Geografía e Estatística (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) ICMS Value Added Tax ICTs Information and Communication Technologies IDB Inter-American Development Bank IMF International Monetary Fund IMSS Mexican Institute of Social Security INAI Institute for Agricultural International Negotiations INDEC National Institute of Statistics and Census, Argentina INEGI Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Información (Na- tional Institute of Statistics and Geography) IPI Industrial Products Tax IRIAP Institute of International Relations for Asia and the Pacific ISI Import Substitution Industrialization ISIC International Standard Industrial Classification ITC International Trade Commission LAC Latin America and the Caribbean M&A Merger and Acquisition MCC Metallurgical Group Corporation MDIC Ministry of Development, Industry and Trade MERCOSUR Mercado Común del Sur (Common Market of the South( MES Market Economy Status MFA Multi-Fiber Arrangement MFN Most Favored Nation MOU Memorandum of Understanding NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement NBTT Net Barter Terms of Trade NCM MERCOSUR’s version of the Harmonized System NES Not elsewhere specified NGO Non-governmental Organization NOS Not otherwise specified NRI National Registry of Investment NTAX Non-Traditional Export OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PC Personal Computer PPP Purchasing Power Parity R&D Research & Development RBC Responsible Business Conduct RCA Revealed Comparative Advantage ROW Rest of the World SAGyPA Argentina’s Agricultural, Cattle and Fishing State Department SDE Structural Demand Effect SE Ministry of the Economy SECEX Ministry of Foreign Trade SITC Standard International Trade Classification SME Small and Medium Enterprise SNBT Swedish National Board of Trade SSCs Shared Services Centres TFP Total Factor Productivity TIE Temporary Import Entries TNC Transnational Corporation TT Terms of Trade UBA University of Buenos Aires UNAM Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/National Autonomous University of Mexico UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNRISD United Nations Research