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Throughout this key the following abbreviations are used for A Key to the British habitat types in which the molluscs occur: FRESH AND BRACKISH WATER RH River - hard water RS - River soft water GASTROPODS R - River hard or soft S - Stream L - Lake FRESHWATER BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION P - Pond SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION No. 13 C - Canal Edition 4 1977 G - Grazing level drain T - Temporary water by U – Ubiquitous T.T.Macan B - Brackish And below for the species status as of March 2007 Illustrated by Douglas Cooper W Widespread L Local Now out of print. R rare or Modified with name changes, R1 R2 R3 for Red Data Book species 1, 2 or 3 additional data on habitats and species status. One species, Physa heterostropha , This extra data is presented thus: deleted from the British list (hab: RH, S )(stat: R2 ) and one, Ferrissia clessiniana, added A. Chalkley Spring 2007 & Autumn 2008 Version 5, May 2009 Page 1 of 15 1 Snails with an operculum 2 ..... Snails without an operculum 15 2 Shell globose, with a very low spire; robust, resembling a marine rather than a freshwater species; aperture half-moon shaped; operculum calcified, with an internal rib; shell with variable markings, usually a pattern of purple, pink or white variegations on a yellow, brown, or black background; (gill feather-like, i.e. with laminae on both sides of RH, S W the axis) (hab: )(stat: ) Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linn.) The Nerite ..... Shell of other shape; aperture more or less round; pattern, if present, 3 not variegated 3 Shell over 30 mm high; usually banded; (operculum with concentric 4 rings; gill comb-like, not protrusible) VIVIPARUS ..... Shell less than 15 mm high; seldom banded 5 4 Shell glossy; umbilicus rather large and conspicuous; whorls rather tumid and high-shouldered; suture deep; apex pointed (hab: RH, C ) (stat: L ) Viviparus contectus (Mull.) Lister’s River Snail ..... Shell not glossy; umbilicus scarcely apparent; whorls neither tumid nor high-shouldered; suture shallow; apex without a conspicuous point (hab: RH, C )(stat: W ) Viviparus viviparus (Linn.) The River Snail 5(3) Shell, if higher than broad, only just so; gills protrusible, left gill 6 feather-like, right gill thread-like; (operculum with a spiral line) VALVATA ..... Shell distinctly higher than broad; gill not protrusible, and comb-like, 8 i.e. with laminae on one side only of the axis 6 Shell flat and disc-like, resembling a small Planorbis; (shell glossy; curvature of whorls slightly flattened above and a, Theodoxus fluviatilis b, Viviparus contectus below) c, Viviparus viviparous d, Valvata cristata (hab: R, L , S, P, C, G )(stat: W ) Valvata cristata (Mull.) Flat Valve Snail ..... Shell not flat and disc-like 7 Page 2 of 15 7 Shell larger, breadth 5 - 7 mm; height and breadth about equal; not glossy; umbilicus deep but not wide (hab: RH, L, S, P, C, G ) (stat: W ) Valvata piscinalis (Mull.) Valve Snail ..... Shell smaller, breadth 3.5—4 mm; about twice as broad as high; glossy; umbilicus wide and deep (hab: G )(stat: R2 ) Valvata macrostoma Steenbuch 8(5) Operculum rather calcified, with concentric lines, and not 9 retractible beyond the aperture of the shell; at least 6 mm high and 4 mm broad; fresh water BITHYNIA ..... Operculum horny, with a spiral line, and retractible within the 10 shell beyond the aperture; dimensions less except occasionally in the brackish-water species Sabanaea ulvae; most in brackish water 9 Larger species, height 9.5—15 mm, breadth 6—8.5 mm; whorls 5—6, not tumid or high-shouldered; suture shallow; umbilicus almost completely closed (hab: RH, L , S, P, C, G ) ( stat: W ) Bithynia tentaculata (Linn.) ..... Smaller species, height 6-6.5 mm, breadth 4—4.5 mm; 4—5 tumid high-shouldered whorls separated by a deep suture; umbilicus open (hab: RH, L , S, P, C, G ) ( stat: L ) Bithynia leachii (Sheppard) 10 Eyes borne at the end of tentacles; gill rudimentary, respiration (8) by means of lung; shell conical, rather broad in proportion to height, sides straight in outline, the curvature of the whorls being flattened and the suture shallow; (whorls 6.5—7; umbilicus closed or nearly so; aperture pointed at the top) (hab: B )(stat: L ) Assiminea grayana Fleming a, Bithynia tentaculata b, Bithynia leachi c, Valvata piscinalis ..... Eyes borne on tubercles at the base of the tentacles; gill present 11 d, Marstoniopsis insubrica e, Assiminea grayana f, Valvata macrostoma (but not protrusible); shell of other shape Page 3 of 15 11 Relatively shorter and broader; (umbilicus open) AMNICOLA 12 ..... Relatively taller and narrower SABANAEA and HYDROBIA 13 12 Larger, height 4 mm; apex pointed; brackish water; (5—6 rather tumid whorls separated by a deep suture; aperture nearly half as high as the shell) (hab: B )(stat: R1 ) Mercuria anatina Swollen Spire Shell former name Pseudamnicola confusa (Frau.) ..... Smaller, height 2.5—3 mm; apex blunt; fresh water; (4 high- shouldered whorls separated by a deep suture); (see Page 3) (hab: RH, C )(stat: R3 ) Marstoniopsis insubrica (Schmidt) former name Marstoniopsis scholtzi 13 Curvature of whorls slight, suture shallow; aperture pointed at (11) the top; (umbilicus very narrow; body dull white to nearly black; tentacles dull white or yellowish with a black spot or bar near the tip) (hab: B )(stat: W ) Peringia ulvae (Pennant) Layer Spire Shell former name Hydrobia ulvae (Pennant) ..... Curvature of whorls more pronounced, suture deep; aperture rounded at the top 14 14 Whorls 5.5 shell somewhat thick-set, the last whorl large; umbilicus closed; body pale grey; tentacles slightly tapering and uniformly pale; some specimens with a keel in the middle of the whorls, and this may be produced into spines. (hab: U )(stat: W ) Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Smith) Jenkins’ Spire Shell former name Potamopyrgus jenkinsi a, Potamopyrgus antipodarum b, Mercuria anatina ..... Whorls 6—7; shell slender, last whorl proportionately not so c, Potamopyrgus antipodarum with keel d, Peringia ulvae large (except in var. ovala); umbilicus open though it may be e, Ventrosia ventrosa narrow; body dark grey to black; tentacles not tapering and marked with black and grey rings; never with a keel in the middle of the whorls (hab: B )(stat: L ) Ventrosia ventrosa (Mont.) former name Hydrobia ventrosa Page 4 of 15 15 Shell limpet-like, with no obvious trace of helical winding 16 (1) ANCYLUS and ANCYLASTRUM ..... Shell helically wound, or coiled 17 16 Shell taller; length less than twice breadth; the apex almost median; anal and genital openings on the left side (hab: R, L , S )(stat: W ) Ancylus fluviatilis (Mull.) River Limpet .) ..... Shell depressed; length twice breadth or more; the apex inclined 16A to the left or right; anal and genital openings on the right side. 16A Slightly larger species. If you look at the apex with the spire nearest you the apex/spire is twisted to your left, more angular. (hab: L , P, C, G )(stat: W ) Acroloxus lacustris (Linn.) Lake Limpet ..... Slightly smaller species. If you look at the apex with the spire nearest you the apex/spire is twisted to your right, slightly more rounded. Habitats as Acroloxus i.e. lentic (still waters). Often found in garden ponds. (hab: L , P, C, G )(stat: ? ) Ferrissia clessiniana (Mirolli) Introduced American Lake Limpet former name Ferrissia wautieri 17 Shell not coiled in one plane; spire usually projecting above the 18 (15) last whorl a: Acroloxus lacustris b: Ancylus fluviatilis c: Ferrissia clessiniana ..... Shell flat, much broader than high, coiled nearly in one plane; 31 spire not or scarcely projecting above the last whorl, often sunk below it PLANORBIS and SEGMENTINA Page 5 of 15 18 Aperture with internal teeth or folds (see Page 15) 44 ..... Aperture simple 19 19 Eyes at the tip of the second pair of tentacles 20 ..... Eyes on slight protuberances at the base of the single pair of 21 tentacles 20 Shell broader than high; flattened though not to the same extent as Planorbis (Pages 11—14); in outline the upper surface slopes gently to an obtuse point, and the aperture is below the body whorl ZONITOIDES ..... Shell higher than broad; whorls rapidly enlarging; superficially c: Zonitoides nitidus d: Succinea putris like a Lymnaea (Pages. 8—10), but with a characteristic pear- shaped aperture pointed at the top SUCCINEA The snails of the genera Zonitoides and Succinea are not truly aquatic. One of the two species of Zonitoides (Z. nitidus (Mull.)) lives at the base of plants in marshy places and is sometimes found submerged. Two or three of the five species of Succinea may be swept into the pond net from the aerial part of emergent aquatic plants. 21 Shell sinistral, i.e. if it be held so that the observer is looking 22 (19) into the aperture with the spire upwards, the aperture is towards the observer’s left; tentacles thin and awl-shaped; (shell thin; umbilicus absent) PHYSA and APLECTA ..... Shell dextral (though in some species occasional sinistral 25 examples are encountered); tentacles broad and triangular LYMNAEA and MYXAS Page 6 of 15 22 Shell elongate and pointed, the height of the aperture only a little greater than half the total height of the shell; no finger- like processes from the body; (shell thin and shiny) (hab: P, G, T )(stat: L ) Aplexa hypnorum (Linn.) Moss Bladder Snail former name Physa hypnorum ..... Shell more globose, the height of the aperture well over half the 23 total height of the shell; finger-like processes from the body partly covering the shell when the animal is extended 23 Smaller species, height about 12 mm, breadth 6 – 7.5 mm; shell ovate and fragile; spire short and apex rounded; (shell shiny; second part of the penis sheath twice as long as the first) (hab: U )(stat: W ) Physa fontinalis (Linn.) Fountain Bladder Snail ....
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  • The Freshwater Snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Mexico: Updated Checklist, Endemicity Hotspots, Threats and Conservation Status

    The Freshwater Snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Mexico: Updated Checklist, Endemicity Hotspots, Threats and Conservation Status

    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 91 (2020): e912909 Taxonomy and systematics The freshwater snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Mexico: updated checklist, endemicity hotspots, threats and conservation status Los caracoles dulceacuícolas (Mollusca: Gastropoda) de México: listado actualizado, hotspots de endemicidad, amenazas y estado de conservación Alexander Czaja a, *, Iris Gabriela Meza-Sánchez a, José Luis Estrada-Rodríguez a, Ulises Romero-Méndez a, Jorge Sáenz-Mata a, Verónica Ávila-Rodríguez a, Jorge Luis Becerra-López a, Josué Raymundo Estrada-Arellano a, Gabriel Fernando Cardoza-Martínez a, David Ramiro Aguillón-Gutiérrez a, Diana Gabriela Cordero-Torres a, Alan P. Covich b a Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av.Universidad s/n, Fraccionamiento Filadelfia, 35010 Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico b Institute of Ecology, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 East Green Street, Athens, GA 30602-2202, USA *Corresponding author: [email protected] (A. Czaja) Received: 14 April 2019; accepted: 6 November 2019 Abstract We present an updated checklist of native Mexican freshwater gastropods with data on their general distribution, hotspots of endemicity, threats, and for the first time, their estimated conservation status. The list contains 193 species, representing 13 families and 61 genera. Of these, 103 species (53.4%) and 12 genera are endemic to Mexico, and 75 species are considered local endemics because of their restricted distribution to very small areas. Using NatureServe Ranking, 9 species (4.7%) are considered possibly or presumably extinct, 40 (20.7%) are critically imperiled, 30 (15.5%) are imperiled, 15 (7.8%) are vulnerable and only 64 (33.2%) are currently stable.
  • Gastropod Fauna of the Cameroonian Coasts

    Gastropod Fauna of the Cameroonian Coasts

    Helgol Mar Res (1999) 53:129–140 © Springer-Verlag and AWI 1999 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Klaus Bandel · Thorsten Kowalke Gastropod fauna of the Cameroonian coasts Received: 15 January 1999 / Accepted: 26 July 1999 Abstract Eighteen species of gastropods were encoun- flats become exposed. During high tide, most of the tered living near and within the large coastal swamps, mangrove is flooded up to the point where the influence mangrove forests, intertidal flats and the rocky shore of of salty water ends, and the flora is that of a freshwater the Cameroonian coast of the Atlantic Ocean. These re- regime. present members of the subclasses Neritimorpha, With the influence of brackish water, the number of Caenogastropoda, and Heterostropha. Within the Neriti- individuals of gastropod fauna increases as well as the morpha, representatives of the genera Nerita, Neritina, number of species, and changes in composition occur. and Neritilia could be distinguished by their radula Upstream of Douala harbour and on the flats that lead anatomy and ecology. Within the Caenogastropoda, rep- to the mangrove forest next to Douala airport the beach resentatives of the families Potamididae with Tympano- is covered with much driftwood and rubbish that lies on tonos and Planaxidae with Angiola are characterized by the landward side of the mangrove forest. Here, Me- their early ontogeny and ecology. The Pachymelaniidae lampus liberianus and Neritina rubricata are found as are recognized as an independent group and are intro- well as the Pachymelania fusca variety with granulated duced as a new family within the Cerithioidea. Littorini- sculpture that closely resembles Melanoides tubercu- morpha with Littorina, Assiminea and Potamopyrgus lata in shell shape.
  • Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service

    Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service

    Tuesday, August 9, 2005 Part III Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Listing Roswell springsnail, Koster’s springsnail, Noel’s amphipod, and Pecos assiminea as Endangered With Critical Habitat; Final Rule VerDate jul<14>2003 18:26 Aug 08, 2005 Jkt 205001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\09AUR2.SGM 09AUR2 46304 Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 9, 2005 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: in coastal brackish waters or along tropical and temperate seacoasts Background Fish and Wildlife Service worldwide (Taylor 1987). Inland species It is our intent to discuss only those of the genus Assiminea are known from 50 CFR Part 17 topics directly relevant to this final around the world, and in North America listing determination. For more RIN 1018–AI15 they occur in California (Death Valley information on the four invertebrates, National Monument), Utah, New Endangered and Threatened Wildlife refer to the February 12, 2002, proposed Mexico, Texas (Pecos and Reeves and Plants; Listing Roswell rule (67 FR 6459). However, some of Counties), and Mexico (Bolso´n de springsnail, Koster’s springsnail, this information is discussed in our Cuatro Cı´enegas). Noel’s amphipod, and Pecos analyses below, such as the summary of The Roswell springsnail and Koster’s assiminea as Endangered With Critical factors affecting the species. springsnail are aquatic species. These Habitat Springsnails snails have lifespans of 9 to 15 months and reproduce several times during the AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, The Permian Basin of the spring through fall breeding season Interior.