Population Structure, Status and Life Histories of Upper Columbia Steelhead, Spring and Summer/fall Chinook, Sockeye, Coho Salmon, Bull Trout, Westslope Cutthroat Trout, Non-migratory Rainbow Trout, Pacific Lamprey, and Sturgeon February, 2003 Chuck Peven PEVEN CONSULTING, INC. 3617 Burchvale Rd. Wenatchee, WA 98801 (509) 662-1839
[email protected] 1 Acknowledgments I would like to thank the wise and timely input from the following individuals that made this work a better product: Bob Rose, Keith Wolf, Kate Terrell, Phil Archibald, Ken MacDonald, R.D. Nelle, Barb Kelly-Ringold, Judy DeLavergne, Kim Hyatt, Stuart Hammond, Shane Bickford, and Rick Klinge. 2 Introduction This report defines the population structure, current and historic status, and life histories of “focal” fish species that inhabit the Columbia Cascade Province (CCP). Focal fish species are species of interest within the CCP that would benefit from restoration and conservation actions through the Subbasin Planning process. 1. Definition of species/populations Species can be defined as a group of interbreeding populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups. These populations exhibit various traits, such as the ability to produce viable, fertile offspring, have similar morphological characteristics, and genetic exchange is generally isolated from other populations. The term population can be defined various ways, but in the evolutionary context, Ridley (1996) defines it as, a group of organisms, usually a group of sexual organisms that interbreed and share a gene pool. The ESA (1973, amended in 1978) defined “species” to include, “any subspecies of fish or wildlife or plants and any distinct population segment of any species of vertebrate fish or wildlife, which interbreeds when mature.” Waples (1991), further defined the term distinct population segment, a vertebrate population will be considered distinct (and hence a “species”) for the purposes of conservation under the Act if the population represents an evolutionary significant unit (ESU) of the biological species.