Trinidad and Tobago

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021

TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Overall risk level

High Reconsider travel

Can be dangerous and may present unexpected security risks

Travel is possible, but there is a potential for disruptions Overview

Emergency Numbers

Medical 811

Upcoming Events

There are no upcoming events scheduled

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 2 Travel Advisories

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 3 Summary

Trinidad and Tobago is a High Risk destination: reconsider travel. High Risk locations can be dangerous and may present unexpected security risks. Travel is possible, but there is a potential for severe or widespread disruptions.

Covid-19 High Risk A steep uptick in infections reported as part of a second wave in April-June prompted authorities to reimpose restrictions on movement and business operations. Infection rates are increasing again since July. International travel remains limited to vaccinated travellers only.

Political Instability Low Risk A parliamentary democracy led by centrist Prime Minister Keith Rowley, Trinidad and Tobago's democracy is firmly entrenched thanks to a well-established system of checks and balances that helped it remain resilient in the face of sources of instability like politically motivated murders in 1980 and an Islamist coup attempt in 1990. Despite its status as a regional and economic leader in the Caribbean, the nation faces challenges of corruption allegations in the highest level of government and an extensive drug trade and associated crime that affects locals and tourists alike.

Conflict Low Risk Trinidad and Tobago has been engaged in a long-standing, and at times confrontational, dispute over fishing rights with Barbados that also encompasses other resources like oil and gas. A 2006 United Nations ruling established a boundary line between the two nations though low-level conflict over resources, particularly fishing rights, remains a possibility. Open military conflict, however, is highly unlikely.

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 4 Terrorism Moderate Risk A local radical Islamist group, Jamaat al-Muslimeen, infamously staged an unsuccessful coup attempt in 1990 and has since been engaged primarily in criminal activities like drug trafficking, kidnapping and extortion. The group represents the fringes of the nation's small Muslim population making alliances with international terror groups unlikely. This and the fact that extra attention is paid to the group by authorities significantly decreases the likelihood of the group effectively carrying out a terror attack at this time.

Unrest Moderate Risk Demonstrations turned violent when riots broke out during the 1990 coup attempt though there has been no recent history of violence on this scale. Additionally, ethnic tensions exist between Indo- and Afro-Trinidadians but there has been no associated violence to show for it. Currently, demonstrations tend to be peaceful and are likely to be over economic issues with participants gathering in Port of Spain near Parliament or outside the Prime Minister’s Offices in St. Clair.

Crime High Risk Crime rates are high, particularly in Port of Spain and San Fernando on Trinidad, which is primarily due to drug trafficking gangs. Violent crime is concentrated in downtown Port of Spain and the suburbs of Laventille, Morvant, Sea Lots and South Belmont, Fort George and other isolated areas of Trinidad as well as Englishman's and King Peter's Bays on Tobago. Travellers are most likely to be affected by petty crimes like pickpocketing in Port of Spain and Laventille and at tourist sites like Fort George and La Brea (Pitch Lake). Gangs have targeted vehicles leaving Trinidad's Piarco Airport.

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 5 Natural and Environmental Medium Risk The territory is commonly affected by heavy flooding, especially during the hurricane season between June and November. The East-West Corridor at the foothills of the Northern Range, and the Caparo, Caroni, and South and North Oropouche basins, are regularly affected. Emergency response and disaster preparedness are generally adequate and are capable of withstanding most environmental events. The islands are located in an active seismic zone and are infrequently affected by earthquakes, some of which can cause damage to infrastructure.

Health and Medical Medium Risk Quality medical treatment is limited to a few private hospitals in Port of Spain which tend to be very expensive, while health services outside of the capital are below the international standard. Strikes by medical staff may halt these services suddenly. There are periodic outbreaks of mosquito-borne viruses and ciguatera poisoning is prevalent.

Local Travel Medium Risk Driving is generally not recommended due to high levels of traffic in Port of Spain, poor secondary and rural road conditions, and a high incidence of intoxicated drivers on weekend nights. Roads between major hubs are well-maintained though secondary and rural roads are often closed due to poor weather conditions. Bus services are overcrowded and unreliable making taxis the best available option for travel as they are generally safe and secure when pre-arranged from reputable companies.

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 6 Political Overview : Low Risk

Since achieving independence from the UK in 1962, Trinidad and Tobago has become a regional political and economic leader despite suffering a variety of internal problems. Between 1970 and 1980, the country suffered considerable instability: a two-year state of emergency was brought about by the 'Black Power Revolution' in 1970; in 1975, the economy was paralysed by strikes in critical sectors including oil and transport; 1980 saw a number of politically motivated crimes, including arson and murder; furthermore, a local Islamic fundamentalist organisation, known as Jamaat al- Muslimeen, attempted a coup in 1990. Despite a tumultuous political history since independence, control of the government remains with the Cabinet, led by a prime minister and answerable to the bicameral parliament, which consists of a 41-member House of Representatives popularly elected to five-year terms and a 31-member Senate appointed by the president. The role of president is primarily a symbolic one, as all executive authority is exercised by the prime minister and Cabinet. On 19 January 2018, Paula-Mae Weekes was indirectly elected president unopposed after her name was put forth by Prime Minister Keith Rowley.

Trinidad and Tobago's democratic system is firmly entrenched and dominated by two main parties: The People's National Movement (PNM) with mostly Afro-Trinidadian support and the United National Congress (UNC) drawing its support from the Indo- Trinidadian community. Both ethnic groups account for just over 40 percent of the population which resulted in political uncertainty from 2000 to 2002 as neither party could obtain a workable majority, leading to multiple general elections in the span of three years. The UNC took 27 seats under the leadership of former attorney general Kamla Persad-Bissessar, Trinidad and Tobago's first female prime minister, through a snap election in 2010 following allegations of corruption and waste against PNM's then-Prime Minister Patrick Manning, who brought political stability to the country up to that point. The PNM, however, took back power under Keith Rowley following elections in 2015. PNM's dominance in parliament was solidified for the foreseeable future in elections held on 10 August 2020, in which the party secured 22 of the 41 seats. In a victory speech, Prime Minister Keith Rowley warned that the next two years would be difficult as Trinidad and Tobago struggled with high debt and unemployment, the fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic and a collapse in oil prices.

Despite a level of per capita income well above the regional average, Trinidadian

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 7 security is undermined by extensive drug-trafficking operations and widespread violent crime. This violence is not confined solely to gang members and a number of tourists have been robbed, kidnapped for ransom, or murdered - occasionally during robberies. Despite government efforts, crime remains the greatest concern for any visitor and may damage the tourism sector in the future, as well as undermining public faith in the government, judiciary, and security services that are said to have been corrupted by the drug trade.

There are no recent incidents

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 8 Conflict : Low Risk

Border Conflicts: Trinidad and Tobago has been involved in a long-standing and at times confrontational dispute with Barbados over fishing rights (and, though not openly stated, over oil and gas) and the delimitation of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Barbados asserts that a 1990 Trinidad-Venezuela agreement encroaches on its EEZ and that of Guyana. The conflict escalated when Barbados imposed import licenses on Trinidad goods after two Barbadian fishermen were arrested by Tobago authorities in 2004. At the time, the Barbadian deputy prime minister threatened to respond in the 'strongest possible terms' to any further arrests. The dispute was referred to the UN for arbitration, whose 2006 ruling established a single boundary line equidistant between the countries. While the delimitation issue has been contained, there remains potential for conflict over fishing rights. Nevertheless, it is unlikely that this will give grounds for open military conflict.

International Alliances: Trinidad and Tobago maintains close relations with Caribbean neighbours and is a founding member of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). Although an economic pact, CARICOM helps co-ordinate member states' foreign policy, thereby reducing the risk of conflict. The organisation's progress towards a single market and economy is expected to further mitigate possible confrontation in the future.

Strength of Military Forces: Trinidad and Tobago Defence Forces (TTDF) are responsible for external security and limited domestic security responsibilities. The TTDF are comprised of a regiment, coast guard, air guard and reserves, totaling approximately 4,600 active duty personnel and 600 reservists. Its armed forces are comparatively small considering the importance of defending the energy sector.

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 9 Terrorism

Domestic Terrorism: On 9 February 2018, officials indicated that local authorities, supported by the United States (US) government, thwarted a plot to disrupt Carnival celebrations, taking place in Port of Spain through 13 February. In the days that followed at least nine people - all members of the country's Muslim community - were arrested and mosques were searched in San Juan and Sangre Grande as part of the counter-terrorism operation. Despite local media circulating information that the Islamic State (IS) group had claimed the threat against the carnival, officials refused to comment on the claim and no inclusive evidence fully supported the media's findings.

A local radical Islamic group, the Jamaat al-Muslimeen (JAM), was responsible for five separate bombings in Port of Spain and St James during the second half of 2005. The group is also known for a failed coup attempt in 1990 by the Jamaat's leader, Imam Yasin Abu Bakr. Despite using terrorist tactics, the group seems to be primarily criminal in nature, engaging in narcotics and weapons trafficking, kidnapping for ransom, money laundering, extortion, and, in a few noted cases, fired murder. In 2014, 11 JAM members allegedly participated in the assassination of independent senator Dana Seetahal. Moreover, the group's activities remain country-specific, motivated by the ethnic divisions that plague Trinidadian politics. Influenced by the islands' 'Black Power Revolution' of 1970, the group claims to speak for all Afro-Trinidadians while in fact representing only a small fringe in the Muslim community, which itself represents only five percent of the population. This makes an alliance with international terrorist unlikely, and although not ruling out the potential for further domestic terror, the group's relatively small size and increased attention paid to it by the security services mean that its potential to effectively orchestrate terror attacks is limited.

International Terrorism: Trinidad and Tobago's strategic importance and high-value oil and natural gas infrastructure may represent an attractive target for international terror groups. Analysts have also expressed concerns that Islamic State (IS), al-Qaeda and other groups may successfully recruit sympathisers within the Muslim population in the twin islands. Furthermore, Trinidad and Tobago's national security minister has voice concerned over a growing, albeit small, trend of Trinidadian nationals fighting alongside IS in Syria and Iraq and how the government should respond to those attempting to return to the twin-island nation. In February 2017, the National Security Ministry confirmed there were nearly 130 nationals involved in terrorist activities

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 10 outside of the country. Despite these concerns, there is no evidence to suggest that the islands are targets for international terror attacks or that international terrorist organisations have used the islands as a haven.

There are no recent incidents

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 11 Unrest : Moderate Risk

Ethnic Tensions: Even though relations seem peaceful on the surface, racial tensions exist between the Indo-Trinidadians and Afro-Trinidadians, who comprise 40 and 38 percent of the population, respectively. Indo-Trinidadians of European, Middle Eastern and Asian descent dominate the private sector, including the agricultural sector. In comparison, Afro-Trinidadians make up the majority in the civil service, police and armed forces. Indo-Trinidadians express concern over the lack of representation in government and allege bias among winners of state-sponsored housing grants and scholarships. Racial tensions have escalated into infrequent race riots and political movements. In 1990, a radical Black Muslim party attempted a coup and held the Prime Minister and other top officials hostage for six days, resulting in widespread riots that resulted in scores of deaths and injuries.

Violent Unrest: Despite a history of political violence and ongoing gang-related violence, Trinidad and Tobago does not suffer from widespread unrest at present. Although the islands have seen greater political polarisation and a deepening of divisions post 2000, there has been no outward popular political violence in recent years. Regardless, violent crime increased in the run-up to general elections in November 2007. Organised and sporadic protests and demonstrations led by trade unions and local communities have also been on the rise across the islands over the last year. Most protests are centred on rising food prices and poor service delivery.

There are no recent incidents

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 12 Crime : High Risk

Crime is less of a problem on the smaller island of Tobago although law enforcement is weaker there and crime is said to be on the increase on both islands.

The majority of violent crime is concentrated in isolated, high crime areas primarily in Port of Spain and San Fernando, and is related to gang or drug related activity. Although, the type of crime most likely to affect foreign nationals is petty crime. Tourists are often targeted as they are assumed to be wealthy, and it is therefore advised to avoid carrying large sums of cash or valuables. Christmas, Carnival and other holiday periods often see an increase in criminal activity.

Violent Crime: Foreign nationals have been the victims of violent crimes including rape, assault, kidnapping for ransom and murder. Armed robbery is a common occurrence, particularly in urban areas. The downtown Port of Spain area should be avoided at night as tourists have been robbed at gunpoint. Since 2014, at least 19 foreign nationals have been violently killed on the islands. Daylight attacks, sometimes using firearms, also occur at tourist sites including Fort George in Port of Spain and in the car parks of supermarkets and shopping malls. Isolated beaches including Englishman's Bay and King Peter's Bay are also particularly dangerous, especially at night. A recent increase in rape and armed robberies has been reported on Tobago.

Petty Crime: Pick-pocketing, bag snatching and theft from vehicles are a major problem in Trinidad and Tobago. The type of crime that foreign nationals are most likely to experience is petty theft and should be particularly vigilant to the risk of petty crime in urban areas such as Port of Spain and Laventille and at popular tourist sites including Fort George and La Brea (Pitch Lake). Caution should also be exercised near ATMS and shopping malls. Incidents of gangs following cars leaving Trinidad's Piarco Airport and robbing travellers once they reach their destination have been reported. Some shared taxis and maxi taxis have been linked to cases of petty crime - taxis ordered through a hotel or by pre-arranged pick up with reputable companies are generally safer. the type of crime most likely to affect foreign nationals is petty crime. Christmas, Carnival and other holiday periods often see an increase in criminal activity.

Gang-related Crime: There is a high level of gang-related violence and crime in Trinidad and Tobago, where an estimated 100 gangs operate. One of the largest,

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 13 Jamaat al Muslimeen (JAM), which launched a failed coup attempt in 1990, is comprised of some 600 members. Gang violence and structure has become increasingly pervasive and institutionalised - gang heads are often viewed within impoverished areas as 'community leaders'. The nation's Unemployment Relief Program (URP) is suspected to be under the control of street gangs and expropriated for crime funding.

Gang-related activity tends to be concentrated in the inner city neighbourhoods of Laventille, Morvant, Sea Lots, South Belmont and Barateria, east of Port of Spain's city centre, but can also occur in other areas. The murder rate continues to be driven primarily by gang- and drug-related activities; in mid-August 2013, six people were killed in a 24-hour period during a turf war, and in the first five days of January 2015, 10 gang-related deaths were recorded. A risk exists of bystanders being affected by this gang and drug-related violence.

Car Jacking: Statistics by the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service indicate a considerable increase in carjacking of late. Many criminals have resorted to stealing cars during robberies, kidnappings, and murders. Criminals often strip cars of its parts and sell them to car part owners. Alarms and other deterrents are sometimes not enough to hinder a potential car thief. Trincity Mall, in east Trinidad, is a known hot spot for carjacking, while old Nissan models, such as the B11 and B12 along with the Mazda 323, are particularly targeted.

Car Theft: Theft from vehicles can also be a problem, especially in parts of downtown Port of Spain and in other urban areas. Valuables should not be left in parked cars and vehicles should be left in secure car parks where possible. Windows should be closed and doors locked while driving as theft from cars occurs at traffic lights or in slow moving traffic. There have also been incidents of armed robbers trailing arriving passengers from the airport and robbing them as they reach their destination.

Home Invasions and Thefts: There has been a worrying increase in robberies of houses and break-ins in all areas. Home invasions are most often reported in the Mt Irvine, Bethal, Buccoo, Mount Pleasant and Plymouth areas and from villas on isolated beaches in Tobago. Foreign nationals should ensure that all villas or private homes have adequate security measures. Visitors to hotels in Tobago have also been known to report the theft of items from their rooms and valuables should therefore be left in a safety deposit box if available. Be wary of criminals posing as 'technicians' or other types of handymen seeking to gain entrance into your home.

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 14 Scams: Criminals have been known to masquerade as police officers or security guards in Trinidad and Tobago. Authorities have warned locals to be wary of 'copycat' criminals known to dress in clothing similar to the black uniforms of the Inter-Agency Task Force (IATF) and to carry standard police equipment such as bullet-proof vests, handgun holsters and handcuffs. Foreign nationals should be cautious when entering their vehicles or homes if anything seems suspicious.

Drug-related Crime: The influx of money from Trinidad and Tobago's status as a trans-shipment point for cocaine and elevated levels of drug abuse have contributed to a developed violent gang culture, the high murder rate and endemic corruption amongst police forces.

Kidnapping: The majority of kidnapping incidents in Trinidad and Tobago are gang/drug-related or domestic disputes, with visitors unlikely targets. Of the 74 reported kidnappings in 2016, three were identified as kidnap-for-ransom. To mitigate kidnap risk, avoid using curb-side ATMs at night or loitering in the vicinity of banks. Refrain from walking alone after sunset through desolate or unknown neighbourhoods, no matter their perceived economic status. Avoid hailing a taxi off the street; instead, book official taxis through hotels or by phone.

Weapon Possession: High possession rates of firearms and knives mean that all criminals should be considered armed. Weapons in South America are smuggled through Suriname, Venezuela, and Guyana to Trinidad and Tobago via private pleasure boats and fishing vessels. Trinidad and Tobago has seen a sharp rise in firearm-related violence over the last few years. No resistance should be offered in the event of a mugging or assault as the perpetrator will likely be armed.

Crimes Against Women: The islands have a high incidence of rape and other crimes against women, which generally go unreported due to perceived insensitivity on the part of the police. More than 490 crimes related to sexual assault and domestic violence were reported to police in 2016. Local laws do not specifically prohibit sexual harassment. Women should avoid walking alone in isolated beaches and other public areas.

Sexual Solicitation: Although prostitution is illegal, prostitution rings are known to operate on the islands, with many of the women members entering the country illegally for the purpose of sexual exploitation. The police have warned foreign nationals who may solicit these services on hotel premises and arrested hotel owners

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 15 for participating in the promotion of such activities.

There are no recent incidents

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 16 Law

Overview

The legal system in Trinidad and Tobago is based on English common law and an independent court system. The highest court of appeal is the Privy Council in London. Member states of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) have selected Trinidad to be the headquarters of the new Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) which is eventually intended to replace the Privy Council as the highest court of appeal. Public faith in the legal system has been damaged by operation weaknesses stemming from a shortage of funding and a failure to reform. Extensive delays in the judicial process have been caused by the surge in drug and gang-related cases. A scandal alleging that the island's Chief Justice sought to influence the outcome of a murder trial and a corruption trial against former Prime Minister Panday has further eroded public faith and divided the judiciary. Those who violate Trinidad and Tobago's laws, even unwittingly may be expelled, arrested or imprisoned.

Drug Laws: Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs in Trinidad and Tobago are severe: convicted offenders can expect long jail sentences and heavy fines. Suspected offenders be jailed under the trial date which can be months or even years after the arrest. The authorities are alert to trafficking of drugs and checks at the airport are thorough You should pack all luggage yourself and not carry items which do not belong to you as you are still liable for the contents.

Weapon Possession: Visitors arriving in Trinidad and Tobago by boat must register any firearms they are carrying with local customs authorities. Making false customs declarations or failure to declare firearms are serious offences. Foreign nationals have been jailed and fined for possession of unlicensed firearms and ammunition.

Work Permit: Visitors engaging in legitimate employment activities in excess of 30 days should obtain a work permit by their prospective employer prior to arrival. Such permits are usually issued for two years, but an extension can be granted for an additional two years.

Traffic Infractions and Speeding: Seatbelts are required for drivers and front seat passengers. If not complying with this law, cars may be pulled over and drivers fined. In the event of a traffic accident, drivers should report the incident to the nearest

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 17 police station.

Homosexuality: Trinidad and Tobago's law make certain homosexual acts illegal, while its Equal Opportunities Act does not specifically include gays and lesbians. There have been reports of homosexuals being arrested arbitrarily by police without being charged with a crime.

Camouflage Clothing: It is illegal for civilians (including children) to wear army or camouflage clothing. Such items may be confiscated on arrival at Piarco Airport.

Foul Language: Cursing and use of foul language in public is a criminal offense in Trinidad and Tobago subject to arrest and fines. Several foreign nationals have been arrested for this offence which can prove disruptive to travel plans as appearances at hearings will be necessary and incarceration may occur if bail cannot be paid.

Smoking: In 2008, the Trinidad and Tobago government introduced a bill that prohibits smoking in public places, aiming to protect non-smokers from involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. If approved, the bill would prohibit smoking in office buildings, educational and health institutions, public transport, terminals, bars and clubs. A fine of TTD10,000 is applicable in the case of non-compliance.

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 18 Corruption

Overview

Corruption has been uncovered throughout the government and other public institutions of Trinidad and Tobago. The present administration lost two cabinet ministers in 2005-06 when they were charged with corruption and in 2006 former-PM Basdeo Panday was sentenced to two years in prison for failing to declare an overseas bank account when in office. The problem is not solely confined to higher levels as middle and lower-ranking civil and police officials are allegedly engaged in corrupt practices. Police are cooperative but hampered by limited resources and corruption within the forces is said to be endemic. Despite anti-corruption legislation the problem persists, further undermining public confidence in the police and judicial services.

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 19 Security Services

Overview

The national security forces of Trinidad & Tobago (TTDF) include the Trinidad & Tobago Defence Force and the Trinidad & Tobago Police Service, both of which are under the Ministry of National Security. Part of the remit of the Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force (the armed forces) is to assist in maintaining internal security. Foreign nationals who are victims of crime can expect to be treated and assisted with the same level of cooperation and fairness as that of a local Trinidadian. The government of Trinidad and Tobago have been making a real effort of late to combat crime. A new anti-crime unit aimed at stemming rising crime rates was established in October of 2003. A new elite squad of highly trained prosecutors has been recruited to try and improve conviction rates.

Efficiency: Police response time can be slow due to a lack of resources, specifically vehicles and manpower. In response to concerns of the general populace the police service has been provided with new vehicles, renovated police stations and additional officers have been recruited.

Professionalism and abuses: Corruption scandals surface occasionally against officers of the security services. Recently an investigation was launched after firearms went missing from a police building in Port of Spain. Police officers are sometimes linked to drug related organised crime. Two policemen were due to stand trial for their involvement in the kidnapping of a businessman in 2005.

Areas Active: Police stations are located throughout the islands. There are around 60 police stations on Trinidad and five on Tobago. Law enforcement is generally conceded to be weaker in the smaller island of Tobago.

Force Strength: Approximately 6,500 members comprise 9 divisions, including 17 specialized branches, in the national police force. Under the jurisdiction of 14 regional administrative bodies, the municipal police further supplements the national police force. The country faces a force deficit of over 1,000 officers. A Special Anti-Crime Unit of Trinidad and Tobago (SAUTT), composed of both police and defence force personnel, is charged with combating violent crime, including kidnappings for ransom. The Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force comprises 4,600 active troops and 600

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 20 reservists.

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 21 Natural Risks : Medium Risk

The territory is commonly affected by heavy flooding, especially during the hurricane season between June and November. The East-West Corridor at the foothills of the Northern Range, and the Caparo, Caroni, and South and North Oropouche basins, are regularly affected. Emergency response and disaster preparedness are generally adequate and are capable of withstanding most environmental events. The islands are located in an active seismic zone and are infrequently affected by earthquakes, some of which can cause damage to infrastructure.

Hurricanes/Typhoons/Tropical Cyclones

A cyclone/typhoon/hurricane is essentially a large mass of air that spirals around a low-pressure centre. It is an organised collection of thunderstorms embedded in a swirling mass of air. This mass of air is called a cyclone if it forms in the Indian or South Pacific oceans, a typhoon if formed in the West Pacific Ocean and a hurricane if formed in the East Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Cyclones/typhoons/hurricanes normally bring gale-force winds, heavy rainfall and high tides, with the potential of causing significant or destructive damage and widespread travel disruptions.

Though direct hits from hurricanes or tropical storms are rare, in June 2017, flooding, downed trees and power outages were reported after Tropical Storm Bret passed over the islands. Southern and eastern areas of Trinidad received the brunt of the storm, while flights schedules were impacted at Port of Spain Piarco International Airport (POS/TTPP).

Follow local radio or television broadcasts for information and evacuation instructions. If not under an area with mandatory evacuation orders, remain indoors. Locate and secure important documentation, including passports, photo identification, travel permits and any indispensable personal effects. Be advised that the calm 'eye' is deceptive and should by no means be interpreted as a sign that the storm has passed. The second winds are likely to be worse and may destroy trees and buildings damaged in the first pass. If caught in a region hit by a cyclone/typhoon/hurricane, remain indoors until the storm passes. If there is a need to move to an evacuation centre,

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 22 evacuate in a calm manner and ensure you carry important personal identification. Avoid all low-lying coastal areas due to storm surges. Confirm the viability of overland travel routes due to the risk of flooding. Air and sea travel are also likely to be impacted. Anticipate disruptions to power, communications and other essential services.

Flooding

A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry. It is normally triggered by an extended period of heavy rainfall and can be exarcebated by poor drainage systems in the affected area.

Flooding is common in Trinidad and Tobago, especially during the hurricane season between June and November. The Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency (CDERA) identified the problem as both the most common natural disaster event and 'silent killer' in the country. Several areas, including the East West corridor at the foothills of the Northern Range, and the Caparo, Caroni, and South and North Oropouche basins are affected almost every year. Moreover, there has been a trend of increasing severity of flooding incidents. Officials issued a nationwide disaster declaration on 20 October 2018 due to flooding and landslides caused by torrential rains, with Arima, Tunapuna-Piarco, Chaguanas, Couva-Tabaquite-Talparo, Sangre Grande and Diego Martin among the worst-hit regions.

If instructed of the possibility that flash-flooding may affect the area you are in, monitor local updates and move immediately to higher ground away from rivers, streams, creeks and storm drains. Though flash-flooding is commonly attributable to excess upstream precipitation, be aware that flooding can occur without typical warning signs of rain clouds or heavy rain. This is especially true near streams, drainage channels, canyons and other areas known to flood suddenly. If you happen across a flooded road in your car, turn around and drive in the opposite direction. When trapped on a flooded road, vacate your vehicle immediately and climb to higher ground.

Earthquakes

An earthquake is the sudden, rapid shaking of the earth, caused by the breaking and

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 23 shifting of subterranean rock as it releases strain that has accumulated over a long period. Initial mild shaking may worsen and become extremely violent within a matter of seconds. Additional earthquakes, called aftershocks, may follow the initial earthquake.

Trinidad and Tobago is located in a geologically active region, and though serious earthquakes are extremely rare, the country has experienced varying degrees of damage. According to the University of the West Indies Seismic Research Unit, most earthquakes in Trinidad and Tobago concentrate on the Paria Peninsula and the Gulf of Paria, southwest of Trinidad. In August 2018, a 7.3-magnitude earthquake that struck Venezuela caused damage to buildings and power outages in Port of Spain and Chaguaramas.

When shaking begins, drop to the ground and take cover under, and hold on to, a sturdy piece of furniture, such as a heavy desk or table that can provide you with air space if the building collapses. If you're not near a strong piece of furniture, crouch down and protect your head and face in an inner corner of a building; only stand in a doorway if you know it is strongly supported. Stay away from windows or glass panels. Most deaths and injuries in an earthquake are caused by collapsing building materials and heavy falling objects. Stay indoors until the tremors stop and you are sure it is safe to exit. Avoid all areas in the vicinity of outer walls and doorways, as these are most prone to falling debris. In a high-rise building, the electricity may go out and the sprinkler systems may come on. Do not use the elevators. If the lights go out, avoid using candles, matches or lighters during or after the earthquake; if there is a gas leak, an explosion could result. If outdoors, move to an open space away from buildings, electric poles and street lights which are prone to collapse. Do not travel on roads and bridges which may have been damaged by the earthquake. Be prepared for secondary earth movements that follow the initial earthquake; some of these may be large enough to cause additional damage or bring down weakened structures.

Tsunami

Tsunamis are commonly generated by an earthquake-induced movement of the ocean floor. A strong earthquake lasting 20 seconds or more near the coast is likely to generate a tsunami and imminent coastal impact, possibly before warnings can be issued. However, all offshore or coastal earthquakes carry the potential of generating

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 24 tsunamis. Warning signs of a tsunami include a sudden rise and fall in coastal sea levels.

Strong and shallow offshore and coastal earthquakes have the potential to trigger tsunamis in coastal areas. While warnings are normally issued by the US Tsunami Warning Centre, the territory has not been hit by any hazardous tsunamis in recent years.

In areas at risk of tsunamis, know the height of your street above sea level and the distance of your street from the coast or other at-risk waters. Areas which are less than 7.5 metres (25 feet) above sea level and/or within 1.5 kilometres (one mile) of the coastline are perceived to be the most at risk. Evacuation orders may be based on these numbers. Immediately move inland or to higher ground in the event of a tsunami alert/warning; stay away from the beach. In the absence of an official warning, if you are on the coast and feel an earthquake, or if there is a noticeable recession in water away from the shoreline this is a natural warning of a possible tsunami and should be heeded; move away immediately. Remain out of the tsunami hazard zone until local officials advise otherwise.

Landslides/Mudslides

Sometimes referred to as debris flows, mudflows, lahars or debris avalanches, landslides/mudslides are a form of mass soil movement that tends to flow in channels in a surge of water-saturated rock, earth and debris, typically following heavy rainfall.

Most of the cases of land and mudslides in Trinidad and Tobago occur during the heavy rainfalls of the hurricane season. The North Coast Road in Trinidad is particularly susceptible to landslides which can block access to and from Maracas Beach.

Follow local news updates in landslide prone areas for warnings about intense storms and rainfall. If landslide or debris flow danger is imminent, quickly move away from the path of the slide. Seek shelter on the nearest high ground in a direction away from the path. If rocks and debris are approaching, run for the nearest shelter and take cover (if possible, under a desk, table or other piece of sturdy furniture that can

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 25 provide you with air space if the building collapses). Anticipate disruptions to overland travel in areas affected by landslides. Confirm the viability of intented overland travel routes before departure and remain alert for landslide warning signs including cracks in the soil or the faint rumbling sound of an approaching landslide or debris flow.

Recent incidents

03 August 2021 - 05 August 2021 Moderate risk: Flash flooding reported in northwestern areas Local media reported that clean-up operations were underway in Maraval, St Ann’s, St James, Diego Martin, Belmont and parts of Port of Spain as of morning hours local time, after heavy rainfall triggered flash flooding on 3 August. There were no immediate reports of casualties, but dozens of vehicles and buildings were damaged.

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 26 Health and Medical: Medium Risk

Overview

Quality medical treatment is limited to a few private hospitals in Port of Spain which tend to be very expensive, while health services outside of the capital are below the international standard. Strikes by medical staff may halt these services suddenly. There are periodic outbreaks of mosquito-borne viruses and ciguatera poisoning is prevalent.

Before you travel

Consult your doctor or a healthcare provider who specialises in travel medicine at least six weeks before your departure. If you have a medical condition, you should also share your travel plans with your doctor.

Note: Requirements and recommendations for vaccines and other medicines are based on guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Documentation requirements are based on World Health Organisation guidelines.

Outbreaks

Malaria

There is no risk of malaria transmission.

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 27 Yellow Fever

There is a risk of Yellow Fever in some areas.

Vaccine requirement: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.

Vaccine recommendation: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age traveling to densely-forested areas on the island of Trinidad. Not recommended for cruise ship passengers and airplane passengers in transit, or travelers whose itineraries are limited to the island of Tobago.

Vaccinations, Medicines and Documentation

Recommended for all travellers

Measles

Infants (6 through 11 months old): 1 dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine before travel. This dose does not count as the first dose in the routine childhood vaccination series. People 12 months old or older, with no evidence of immunity or no written documentation of any doses: 2 doses of MMR vaccine before travel. The 2 doses must be given 28 days apart. People 12 months old or older who have written documentation of 1 dose and no other evidence of immunity: 1 additional dose before travel, at least 28 days after the previous dose.

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 28 Recommended for most travellers

Hepatitis A

CDC recommends this vaccine because you can get hepatitis A through contaminated food or water in Trinidad and Tobago, regardless of where you are eating or staying.

Recommended for some travellers

Hepatitis B

You can get hepatitis B through sexual contact, contaminated needles, and blood products, so CDC recommends this vaccine if you might have sex with a new partner, get a tattoo or piercing, or have any medical procedures.

Vaccinations, Medicines and Documentation

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 29 Required documentation

Yellow Fever entry requirement: A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

Other entry requirements: None

Note: Documentation requirements are subject to change. Consult your destination embassy or consulate prior to departure for confirmation.

While you are there

Emergency Numbers

Medical: 811

Emergency services

The quality of emergency services is poor across the country, especially outside Port of Spain. Within Port of Spain, a few ambulances exist with qualified medical staff, however response times are slow and unreliable due to the limited number of ambulance vehicles.

Evacuation

In the event of severe or life-threatening injury or illness, medical evacuation will be required.

Routine care

A few qualified medical specialists and English-speaking doctors who are capable of

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 30 catering to routine illness and injuries exist in private hospitals and clinics in Port of Spain. Hospitals outside of Port of Spain face shortages of equipment and medical supplies. Strikes by medical staff often hamper healthcare services at public and private hospitals across the country.

Medicine

Travellers are advised to bring their own prescription medicines as equivalent drugs may be hard to obtain. Visitors should carry their prescription scripts and medication in their original packaging, along with a letter from the physician explaining the need for the medication and justifying the quantities needed.

Payment

Private hospitals in Trinidad and Tobago are very expensive. Up-front or cash payments may be required prior to treatment, even for individuals with medical insurance. Whenever possible, check with medical providers for payment requirements prior to treatment.

Ailments

Ciguatera

The fish containing the toxin is present in Trinidad and Tobago coastal waters.

Ciguatera is a marine toxin transmitted by the consumption of infected fish, particularly those that live or feed near reefs. Symptoms include vomiting, nausea and a reversal of the infected person's perception of hot and cold. While not fatal, symptoms may last for a number of years; there is no treatment for ciguatera.

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 31 Dengue Fever

In 2016, there were 929 cases of dengue fever infections reported across the country, with the highest number of cases reported in Port of Spain and Chaguanas, Saint George county.

Dengue fever is a viral infection, transmitted by the bite of the Aedes mosquito, which is most active during early morning and late afternoon hours and is commonly found in urban areas. Symptoms include a high fever, joint pain and headaches, although severe cases may cause significant falls in blood pressure and/or haemorrhaging, which can be fatal. There are no vaccines or treatments for dengue fever.

Hepatitis (A, B, C, D and E)

Hepatitis A, B and C are endemic to the country. As of 2016, around 4.9 percent of the general population were diagnosed with Hepatitis C, while about seven percent of the population are estimated to be susceptible to Hepatitis B. Hepatitis E is also prevalent in the country.

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. The three main variations (A, B and C) are caused by infections from parasites, bacteria or viruses, but are transmitted by different means.

Zika Virus

In 2016, around 717 people, included 464 pregnant women, were diagnosed with the Zika virus, with around 197 cases reported in Saint George county.

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 32 Zika virus is a viral infection transmitted by the bite of the Aedes mosquito, which is most active during early morning and late afternoon hours and commonly found in urban areas, as well as through sexual contact with an infected person. Most cases of zika virus are asymptomatic; where symptoms occur they are usually mild and include fever, headaches, conjunctivitis, rash and joint and muscle pain. Zika has been linked to microcephaly in unborn children. There is no treatment for Zika virus, beyond rehydration and bed rest.

Chikungunya Fever

In 2016, at least 109 cases of Chikungunya fever cases were reported across Trinidad and Tobago.

Chikungunya fever is a viral infection, transmitted via mosquito bite. Generally non- fatal, the symptoms of Chikungunya fever include a high fever, joint pain and headaches. In most cases those infected recover after seven to ten days. There are no vaccines or treatments for chikungunya.

HIV/AIDS

Since the start of the epidemic in 1983 to December 2016, there have been fewer than 23,000 persons diagnosed with HIV in Trinidad and Tobago.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that induces Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and is transmitted through contact with the blood, sexual and rectal fluids of an infected person, usually via sexual intercourse. AIDS weakens the body's immune system, making the body susceptible to numerous other diseases and ailments. There is no cure for AIDS or HIV.

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 33 Leptospirosis

Cases of Leptospirosis are frequently reported across the country, with the most recent cases recorded in Cedros, Trinidad.

Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection transmitted through contact with (or consumption of) soil, water or food contaminated by infected animal urine. Symptoms can occur in two phases: first stage symptoms include fever, diarrhoea, vomiting, jaundice, headaches and muscle and stomach aches; second stage – also known as Weil's disease – symptoms are more severe and may include meningitis and kidney or liver failure. Leptospirosis can be treated with a course of antibiotics.

Tuberculosis (TB)

Tuberculosis is endemic to Trinidad and Tobago. In 2015, at least 17 people per 100,000 individuals were diagnosed with tuberculosis in the country.

Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection transmitted via the coughing and sneezing of infected persons. Symptoms – which may take years to develop if a person has latent TB – include fever, night sweats, chest pain, coughing up blood, weight loss and fatigue. TB can be treated with a course of antibiotics; the length of treatment is significantly longer once the disease becomes active and is no longer latent.

Traveller's diarrhoea (TD)

Traveller's diarrhoea (TD) is a catch-all term for a number of minor or moderate bacterial, viral and parasitic infections, generally transmitted through infected food or water. In the majority of cases antibiotics or anti-diarrhoeal medication is

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 34 unnecessary; travellers experiencing TD should ensure that they remain hydrated and well rested until their symptoms dissipate. Most cases of TD last less than three days; if diarrhoea continues for longer periods, travellers should consider consulting a medical professional.

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever remains a risk on Trinidad island.

Yellow fever is a serious viral infection, transmitted by the bite of the Aedes mosquito, which is most active during early morning and late afternoon hours and commonly found in urban areas. Initial symptoms include a high fever, chills, vomiting nausea and backaches/muscle pain; in some cases those infected may develop potentially fatal complications, including jaundice, severe haemorrhaging and kidney failure. There is no post-infection treatment for yellow fever.

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 35 Recent incidents

23 August 2021 - 24 August 2021 Medium risk: Officials amend COVID-19 restrictions - Update Authorities announced on 23 August that restrictions were lifted on personal care and real estate services, following COVID-19 restrictions. Gatherings of over five people in public, and 10 people in weddings and funerals are banned. Team sports, dine-in at restaurants and access to beaches, rivers and public pools is suspended and bars, cinemas, casinos, places of worship, gyms, clubs and theatres are closed. Public transport and inter-island ferries run at 50 and 25 percent capacity.

16 August 2021 - 17 August 2021 Moderate risk: Officials to relax COVID-19 business restrictions from 16 August - Update Authorities announced that effective 16 August, restrictions will be lifted on retail stores, following the closure of most non-essential businesses due to COVID-19.

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 36 Covid-19: High Risk

Summary

A steep uptick in infections reported as part of a second wave in April-June prompted authorities to reimpose restrictions on movement and business operations. Infection rates are increasing again since July. International travel remains limited to vaccinated travellers only.

What is the current nationwide Policy?: Curfew

Policy starts: 15 May 2021 Policy ends: 29 August 2021

Policy explanation:

Social gatherings remain limited and capacity limitations are in effect at many businesses and establishments. A curfew is in effect under a state of emergency until at least 29 August, with an extension to 29 November likely, with other restrictions also in place.

Policy source: https://health.gov.tt/covid-19/covid-19-news-and-updates

Last update: 24 August 2021

Infection

Infection Level: Extreme 198.93 cases per 100k in the last 14 Infection rate: days As of date: 22 August 2021 Hotspots:

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 37 International Travel

International Flights

Is there a ban on international commercial flights? No Through what date? indef

Flight Ban Explanation:

Commercial flights are operating through Trinidad's Piarco International Airport (POS/TTPP). Flights are set to resume through ANR Robinson Airport (TAB/TTCP) in Tobago between September and November.

Last Update: 24 August 2021

Entry and Borders

Is there a ban on entry for any travellers? Yes Through what date? indef

Travellers from where are banned? Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Colombia, Comoros, Congo-Brazzaville, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Curaçao, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 38 Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Faroe Islands, Fiji, Finland, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greece, Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kingdom of eSwatini, Kiribati, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Korea, North Macedonia, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Reunion, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Martin, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome & Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Sint Maarten, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Suriname, Svalbard and Jan Mayen, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Turks and Caicos, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, US Virgin Islands, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Wallis and Futuna, West Bank and Gaza, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Land border: Maritime border: Closed

Entry Rules Explanation:

Unvaccinated travellers, excluding residents, are barred entry. Borders are open to vaccinated non-resident foreigners; the entry will be through Trinidad's Piarco International Airport (POS/TTPP) via commercial flights as well as through Trinidad's ports aboard yachts.

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 39 https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/trinidad-and- Entry Rules: tobago/entry-requirements

Exemptions: https://ttravelpass.gov.tt/travel-requirement Last Update:

Testing

Do travellers need to take a COVID-19 test Yes When? Before travel, After arrival Is it mandatory or optional? Mandatory Test Type: PCR Minimum age requirement: Pre-travel test validity, in hours: 72 before Arrival After arrival test days: 6

Testing Explanation:

Inbound travellers are required to present a negative COVID-19 test no older than 72 hours for entry. Repatriated nationals and residents will also be tested upon on day six of a mandatory quarantine for release.

Testing https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/trinidad-and- Rules: tobago/entry-requirements Last 24 August 2021 Update:

Health and Travel Documentations

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 40 Do arriving travellers need any health and/or travel documentation? Yes

Documentation Explanation:

Travellers wishing to enter Trinidad and Tobago are required to obtain a TTravel Pass from the local authorities through online application system.

Travel Document: https://ttravelpass.gov.tt/ Last Update: 24 August 2021

Tracing App

Do travellers need to use a contact tracing app after arriving? No

Tracing App Explanation:

There is no national contact tracing app.

Last Update: 24 August 2021

Quarantine on Arrival

Who needs to quarantine on arrival All travellers

Travellers from where need to quarantine? Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile,

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 41 China, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Colombia, Comoros, Congo-Brazzaville, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Curaçao, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Faroe Islands, Fiji, Finland, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greece, Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kingdom of eSwatini, Kiribati, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Korea, North Macedonia, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Reunion, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Martin, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome & Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Sint Maarten, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Suriname, Svalbard and Jan Mayen, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Turks and Caicos, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, US Virgin Islands, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Wallis and Futuna, West Bank and Gaza, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

How many days is quarantine? 14 Is it self-quarantine or operated by the government? Hybrid

Quarantine Explanation:

Fully vaccinated non-resident foreigners are exempt from quarantine.

Unvaccinated travellers are required to undergo a seven-day quarantine

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 42 period in a government facility followed by seven-day self-quarantine; repatriating nationals are also required to adhere to a seven-day quarantine prior to re-entry. Travellers must test negative on a COVID-19 test to be administered on day six for release from institutional quarantine to seven-day self-quarantine. Travellers from the United Kingdom (UK) must undergo a 14- day quarantine at a government facility.

Quarantine https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/trinidad-and- Rules: tobago/entry-requirements Last Update: 2021-08-24

Exit

Is there a ban on exit for any travellers? Yes

Are there special requirements to exit the country? Yes

Exit Requirements Explanation:

Travellers wishing to enter or exit Trinidad and Tobago are required to obtain an exemption from the local authorities through online application system.

Exit Requirements https://services.mns.gov.tt/travelexemption (URL): Last Update: 24 August 2021

Vaccination

Percent vaccinated with at least one dose: 33.371 as of 20 Aug 2021 Percent fully vaccinated: 27.21 as of 26 Aug 2021 Is vaccination mandatory for entry? Yes

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 43 Are vaccinated travellers exempt from any policies or requirements? Yes Exemptions: Entry Ban, Quarantine Qualified vaccines and timeline: Pfizer - 14 days after second dose. AstraZeneca (Vaxzevria) - 14 days after second dose. AstraZeneca (India) - 14 days after second dose. Sinopharm Phase 1 - 14 days after second dose. Sinovac - 14 days after second dose. Moderna - 14 days after second dose. Certificates accepted: Not Specified

Explanation:

Officials reopened borders to vaccinated non-resident foreigners. Non- resident travellers who were fully vaccinated against COVID-19 within 14 days of their arrival and have a negative PCR test result no older than 72 hours will not be required to quarantine. Residents who are not vaccinated will be required to undergo 14 days of quarantine at their own expense. Non-resident foreigners who are not vaccinated will not be permitted entry.

https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/trinidad-and-tobago/entry- Source: requirements; https://ttravelpass.gov.tt/ Last 24 August 2021 Update:

Other International Travel Restrictions

Exit Requirements Explanation:

Last Update:

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 44 Domestic Situation

Areas on Lockdown

Last Update:

Areas under Curfew

A nightly 21:00-05:00 local time curfew is in effect. Petrol stations, pharmacies and grocery stores are exempt from the curfew.

Last Update: 16 August 2021

Domestic Travel

Domistic Travel Explanation:

Caribbean Airlines domestic flights have resumed on a reduced schedule in the country; inter-island ferry service between Trinidad and Tobago has also resumed at 25 percent capacity with social distancing protocols in place. Public transport operates at 50 percent capacity.

Last Update: 24 August 2021

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 45 Other Domestic Restrictions

All food establishments, including street food joints, are closed for dine in, while essential businesses, including pharmacies, supermarkets and hardware stores, as well as constructions sector establishments and laundromats, may operate from 06:00-20:00 local time.

Operations of the retail sector resumed on 16 August, while personal care services and real estate services were allowed to resume from 23 August. Social distancing measures remain in force, with public gatherings limited to up to five people in general, and 10 people for weddings and funerals. Team sports and access to beaches, rivers and public pools is suspended and bars, cinemas, casinos, places of worship, gyms, clubs and theatres are closed. Only take away is allowed at restaurants.

Last Update: 24 August 2021

Resources

Government COVID Site: http://www.health.gov.tt/sitepages/default.aspx? id=292

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 46 Recent incidents

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 47 Local Travel : Medium Risk

Travel Safety

Air Travel and Airports: Piarco International Airport serves Trinidad and is located 20 miles southeast of Port of Spain. Crown Point International Airport serves Tobago and is located at the south-west end of the island. Tobago's airport is 11km from the capital of Scarborough. A departure tax is required when leaving the country.

Road Safety and Road Conditions: Roads between major cities on Trinidad are in good condition, while secondary roads are often closed during bad weather. On Tobago, the road system is improving and much of the island is accessible. Night travel should be avoided on secondary or rural roads. Visitors should take caution on rural roads as sheep and chicken crossings are normal. Be careful when driving during the weekends, particularly at night, as it is a common occurrence to find intoxicated drivers on the roads. There are high levels of traffic around the capital Port of Spain during rush hour, most often near Independence Square. Traffic drives on the left side of the road.

Never leave valuables exposed or left alone in a parked car, as robberies have been reported.

Public Transportation

Buses: The Public Service Corporation operates bus travel on the islands. The buses that operate routes between major cities on Trinidad are cheap, crowded, and unreliable. Shared taxis are often used rather than the buses.

On Tobago, buses run from the Scarborough bus station and serve routes to Crown Point, Buccoo, Plymouth and Roxborough.

Taxis: Taxis are generally safe and secure if they are pre-arranged from reputable companies or picked up in front of major hotels. Unmarked or shared taxis are marked with the letter 'H' on their license plates, and should be avoided. These taxis will pick up multiple passengers, are unsafe, and oftentimes associated with petty crime. If you decide to take an unmarked taxi, fares are decided before entering the vehicle.

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 48 Small buses or vans in Trinidad are known as 'Maxi-taxis', and they should be avoided. Maxi-taxies are unsafe to ride and have also been linked to petty crime.

Vehicle Rental: Cars and motorbikes are available for hire in Port of Spain and Scarborough as well as through hotels and airports. Visitors must carry a foreign driver's license as well as travel documents stating arrival in country. Visitors staying longer than three months must register for a national license. Visitors from Vietnam, South Africa, and China must obtain a national license before driving.

There are no recent incidents

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 49 Country Hotspots

Trinidad

Traveling from Piarco International Airport in Trinidad can be particularly dangerous at night. There have been reported incidents of armed robbers trailing travelers from the airport and accosting them when arriving at their home.

Higher rates of crime and violence occur in Laventille, Morvant, Sea Lots, South Belmont, scenic rest stops, downtown Port of Spain, and when walking across the Queen's Park Savannah. Exercise greater vigilance in these areas, and be extremely careful at night.

(See Beaches and Public Areas section for additional information on hotspots)

Tobago

There is an increasing rate of crime in Tobago, but officials state that police response to violent crime has also increased. Home robberies have occurred in the Mt Irvine area. When choosing your accommodations, make sure to choose a hotel or villa with adequate and 24-hour security.

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 50 Safety

Beaches and Public Areas: Isolated beaches, such as La Brea Pitch Lake in South Trinidad, are dangerous and subject to robberies. Ft George scenic overlook in Port of Spain lacks security and has been subject to a series of armed robberies.

Isolated beaches and scenic overlooks in both Trinidad and Tobago should be avoided, and you should avoid walking alone at night.

Crime: The downtown area of Port of Spain experienced four bombings in 2005, but no similar instances have occurred since then. Foreign nationals should still exercise caution in the capital and in busy urban areas.

Violent crime, such as kidnap for ransom, sexual assault, and murder, is increasing in Trinidad and Tobago. Travellers and foreign nationals are particularly targeted for violent crime. Home robberies are common. Pick pocketing and armed robbery are common crimes, especially in urban areas and near ATMs. Reports have indicated that some robberies have become violent when the victim resisted. Avoid wearing expensive jewelry or carrying large amounts of money.

There is an increase in criminal activity during Christmas and Carnival. Exercise greater caution during these holiday times.

Discrimination: Stigma and discrimination remains pervasive particularly against persons living with AIDS and most at risk groups.

Emergency Contact Information: Ambulance services are limited in Trinidad and Tobago. The emergency number for an ambulance is 990.

Food and Drink: It is best to avoid local tap water, and only drink bottled water or water that has been boiled, disinfected, or filtered. Do not eat raw fruits or vegetables unless they have been peeled. Raw meats and fish (including ceviche) should be avoided. Any food items that have been made with unpasteurized milk, including ice cream, should not be consumed.

Health: Dengue fever outbreaks are reported annually in Trinidad and Tobago. Mosquito prevention measures should be taken.

Protests: Non-violent demonstrations have been known to occur, but usual civil order

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 51 is maintained. However, it is best for foreign nationals and travelers to avoid large crowds and demonstrations.

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 52 Culture

Cultural Sensitivities: Using curse words or offensive language in public is a criminal offense in Trinidad and Tobago, and you can be fined or arrested accordingly. It is also against local law to wear camouflage or military clothing in public, unless you are in the country on official military business. Travellers should be respectful and ask permission before taking photographs, particularly of children.

Under the country's criminal code homosexuality is illegal; same-sex couples are advised to be discreet and refrain from engaging in forms of public displays of affection.

Religious Sensitivities: Over half of the population of Trinidad and Tobago practices Christianity, while approximately 18 percent practices Hindu and a smaller percentage are Muslim. Some continue to practice Orisha, which is a traditional African religion.

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 53 Specific Traveller Advice

Female Travellers Local Customs and Laws: There are no local customs or laws that a female traveller should take into consideration in Trinidad and Tobago. Familiarise yourself with your destination prior to travel, and be respectful and mindful of any possible cultural sensitivities, which may include dress, behaviour and topics of discussions.

Safety: There are many safety concerns female travellers should take into consideration in Trinidad and Tobago. There are high rates of harassment, sexual assaults and violence targeting women in Trinidad and Tobago, especially in the metropolitan area of Port of Spain and San Fernando. Female travellers may receive unwanted attention from men, ranging from open displays of catcalling and staring to physical groping, including at day time. It is best to ignore these advances or confrontations and walk away. In the event that harassment escalates, draw attention to what is happening and locals will likely come to your aid. Do not walk alone at night, especially through the Laventille, Morvant, Sea Lots, South Belmont and Queen’s Park Savannah neighbourhoods of Port of Spain, through desolate areas or isolated beaches, including Englishman's Bay, Las Cuevas, Maracas Bay and King Peter's Bay, due to the persisting risk of violent crimes, including sexual assault targeting foreign female nationals. Use only official and registered taxis or reputed radio cabs; opt for private, non-shared taxis due to the risk of assault by taxi drivers on women. Consider having a hotel shuttle or registered corporate chauffeur meet you at the airport upon arrival, particularly if arriving after dark. When possible stay only in lodgings that have 24-hour onsite security and ensure that they are not situated in an isolated location, especially on Tobago, due to recent isolated reports of isolated incidents of harassment and sexual assault. Female travellers should exercise caution when reporting crimes to local police as there have been reports of law enforcement undermining incidents of harassment and assault. Consider consulting your home consulate/embassy for legal advice and ensure you receive a copy of the police report.

Health and Wellness: Women have access to some specialised gynaecological and reproductive health services, medicines and products on Trinidad and Tobago, especially in urban areas. Abortion is legal in Trinidad and Tobago only when the life or mental health of the woman is in danger. Specialised clinics are available in Port of Spain and San Fernando in Trinidad and Scarborough in Tobago, and prescription

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 54 emergency contraceptives and prescription contraceptives, and feminine hygiene products are available to some extent also in other urban areas. Consider bringing an adequate supply of female-specific OTC drugs, feminine hygiene products and oral contraceptive pills, which may not be available locally. Consult a health professional prior to travel, especially if pregnant or planning to become pregnant, due to a potential risk of Zika virus.

LGBT+ Homosexuality was decriminalised in Trinidad and Tobago in April 2018. There are no legal protections for LGBT+ persons in the country. Same-sex marriage is illegal. LGBT+ activity and persons are generally not socially accepted. While there is tolerance for same-sex couples and LGBT+ persons who are visitors to the country, many gays and lesbians in Trinidad and Tobago do not publicly identify as homosexual due to rampant homophobia. LGBT+ travellers are advised to keep their sexual orientation and gender identities private. Prior to travel, review your privacy settings on social media platforms and reconsider the use of dating applications due to the risk of harassment and possible entrapment by local authorities. Refrain from engaging in any conversations about sexuality or LGBT+ issues. Avoid all public displays of affection, including hand-holding. Book separate hotel rooms. Transgender travellers are advised to have a passport and identification changed to reflect their new gender before travelling.

Technology & Communication Risk Travellers are unlikely to face risks related to information and communication technology (ICT) in Trinidad and Tobago.

Internet access and social media have no restrictions. There are no concerns related to device searches or sensitive technology. Device searches and inspections at the border are unlikely. There are no restrictions in relation to bringing or operating sensitive equipment, which may include photo cameras, satellite phones, drones, and other GPS systems, in the country. State or criminal penetration of private data is unlikely. Authorities implement minimal state surveillance of ICT networks in the country.

Travellers should exercise basic ICT safety precautions. However, travellers should note that ICT laws and practices are subject to change on short notice, and travellers are recommended to confirm the legality/appropriateness of their specific ICT needs prior to departure.

Riskline / Country Report / 29 August 2021 / Trinidad and Tobago 55 Legal notice

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