DOCSLIB.ORG

Transmission of Xylella Fastidiosa Through Pecan Rootstock

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Transmission of Xylella Fastidiosa Through Pecan Rootstock PLANT PATHOLOGY HORTSCIENCE 41(6):1455–1456. 2006. and Oct. 2005. The data from each year were combined, and statistical significance evalu- Transmission of Xylella fastidiosa ated by the chi-square test. through Pecan Rootstock Results and Discussion 1 The overall graft success rates were low R. S. Sanderlin and R. A. Melanson (54.5% for grafts on uninfected rootstocks Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Pecan Research-Extension and 40% on infected rootstocks), probably Station, PO Box 5519, Shreveport, LA 71135 because the trees had been confined to small pots for several years and were in poor Additional index words. Carya illinoinensis, graft transmission, pecan bacterial leaf scorch nutritional condition. Abstract. Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al., the pathogen that causes pecan [Carya illinoinensis In 2004, infected rootstocks came from (Wangenh.) C. Koch] bacterial leaf scorch disease, was demonstrated to be highly six seed sources and uninfected rootstocks transmissible through graft unions from infected rootstock into new growth developing came from five of the same six seed sources from scions. Infected rootstocks were obtained by inoculation of pecan seedlings in pots (Table 1). Eleven of the 12 successful grafts with in vitro cultures of the pathogen. If rootstock infection occurs in nature, trans- on infected rootstocks developed PBLS mission of the pathogen into tissue growing from scions could serve as a significant source symptoms in either 2004 or 2005, and 10 of of introduction of the disease into pecan orchards. Because symptom development in these tested positive for X. fastidiosa infec- infected trees typically begins in midsummer and grafting takes place in the early spring, tion in at least one of the serological assays it would be difficult to identify infected rootstock before grafting. Commercial pecan during 2004 and 2005 (Table 1). Six of the growers sometimes attempt to eliminate bacterial leaf scorch from trees by regrafting to seven trees developing from the healthy other cultivars. The high rate of transmission from infected rootstocks observed in this rootstock grafts did not exhibit scorch symp- test and the lack of knowledge of cultivars with resistance to the disease makes this toms and all seven tested negative for practice ineffective. infection. Scorchlike symptoms were recorded on one of the trees developing from a graft on an Pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) Materials and Methods uninfected rootstock and one from a graft on C. Koch] is one of the few economically impor- an infected rootstock that tested negative for tant crops native to North America. It is To test for rootstock transmission of the X. fastidiosa in several serological assays. It grown commercially in its native range of pathogen, infected and uninfected trees in is probable that these two developing trees the United States, and production has ex- pots were grafted to healthy scions. Infected were not infected because there are other panded into nonnative areas of the southeast- rootstocks were obtained from a group of problems that can mimic the symptoms of ern United States and into some of the pecan seedlings that had been inoculated with bacterial leaf scorch, including drought and western states including Arizona, New Mex- in vitro isolates of X. fastidiosa in 2001 nutritional imbalances. ico, and California. Pecan cultivars are clon- (Sanderlin, 2005). Uninfected seedlings in- Eight infected rootstocks from four seed ally propagated with scion wood or buds oculated with distilled water in 2001 served as sources were grafted in 2005; seven of these grafted onto rootstocks that are grown from uninfected rootstocks. The seedlings had been tested positive for infection before the end of seed. grown from seed of several cultivars (Table the year (Table 2). The five grafts onto Pecan bacterial leaf scorch (PBLS) dis- 1). The potted seedlings were maintained in uninfected rootstocks all tested negative for ease, incited by Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al., a greenhouse. Prior assays using an enzyme- infection. Scions from all sources used (ÔCape has a chronic course and is able to cause linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit FearÕ, ÔPawneeÕ, and ungrafted ÔRiversideÕ defoliation and economically significant crop (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, Ind.) were used to seedling) became infected when grafted onto loss in severely infected trees (Sanderlin and estimate the presence or absence of X. fastid- diseased rootstocks. Heyderich-Alger, 2000, 2003). The modes of iosa. Uninfected scions were collected in Feb. During the 2-year period, 85% of the trees introduction of the pathogen into pecan 2004 from a ÔCape FearÕ tree and an ungrafted that developed after grafting onto infected orchards has not been completely estab- tree grown from a ÔRiversideÕ nut, and were rootstock became infected with the bacterium. lished; however, the pathogen can be trans- stored wrapped in moist paper towels near None of the trees grafted onto uninfected mitted into new growth from infected scions 4 °C until used for grafting in May. The scion rootstock were infected. The chi-square test (Sanderlin, 2005). Thus, use of scion wood sticks were 0.5 to 1.0 cm in diameter and was highly significant (P < 0.0001) for X. from infected trees could be a significant about 15 cm long. Grafting was carried out fastidiosa transmission from infected root- source of pathogen introduction into or- using the four-flap technique (Vanerwegen, stock after grafting. This clearly demon- chards. If pecan propagators try to avoid 1975). In 2004, 25 infected rootstocks and 12 strates the ability of the pathogen to pass collecting scions from infected sources, it uninfected rootstocks were used. The growth into newly developing grafts at a high becomes equally important to know whether that developed from the scions was visually rate through the rootstock–scion union. the pathogen can be transmitted from in- evaluated for PBLS symptoms through the Because of the high rate of pathogen trans- fected rootstock into trees developing from summer and assayed by ELISA for the mission through infected rootstock, regraft- uninfected scions. In addition, pecan growers bacterium two or three times during Sept. ing pecan trees as a means of reducing the sometimes try to eliminate trees with PBLS and Oct. 2004 and again in Sept. 2005. incidence of the disease is not an effective in their orchards by regrafting diseased trees The test was repeated in 2005 using the control measure, particularly because to other cultivars. The purpose of this study same procedures with other seedlings that cultivars resistant to PBLS have not been was to verify that the pathogen can be passed had been inoculated with either X. fastidiosa identified. from infected seedling rootstock into newly or distilled water in 2001. Scions used in The ability of the pathogen to pass easily developing grafts. 2005 were collected in February. and came through pecan graft unions from infected from either an uninfected ÔPawneeÕ tree or an rootstocks and from infected scions into uninfected, ungrafted tree grown from a newly developing growth may represent one ÔRiversideÕ nut. Twenty-five infected root- of the primary ways that the pathogen is Received for publication 17 Mar. 2006. Accepted stocks and 10 uninfected rootstocks were introduced into new orchard plantings. The for publication 21 Apr. 2006. grafted in 2005. Developing growth from rootstocks used in this test were infected 1To whom reprint requests should be addressed; the scions was monitored for symptoms and through artificial inoculation using in vitro e-mail [email protected]. assayed for infection by ELISA in September isolates of the pathogen. Pecan nurseries will HORTSCIENCE VOL. 41(6) OCTOBER 2006 1455 Table 1. Results of 2004 rootstock transmission of Xylella fastidiosa test. Symptoms and serologyy Rootstock seed source and 8 Sept. 2004 14 Sept. 2004 24 Sept. 2004 22 Oct. 2004 6 Sept. 2005 test tree numberz Sym Ser Sym Ser Sym Ser Sym Ser Sym Ser Infected Barton I – + – – + + Barton II – – + + + + Cape Fear I + + + – + + Cheyenne I – – + + + + – – Cheyenne II + + – + + + Desirable I – + + + + + Desirable II – – – – + – – – Kiowa I – + + + + + Kiowa II – – – – + + Kiowa III – + + + + + Kiowa IV + + + + + + Schley I – – – – – – Uninfected Barton I – – – – – – Barton II – – – – – – Cape Fear I – – – – – – Cheyenne I – – – – + – Kiowa I – – – – – – Schley I – – – – – – Schley IIx –––– zRootstocks were grown from seed of listed cultivars, inoculated with Xylella fastidiosa or distilled water in 2001, and grafted to uninfected scions of ÔCape FearÕ or a ÔRiversideÕ seedling tree in 2004. yPresence (+) or absence (–) of symptoms of pecan bacterial leaf scorch were recorded at the time tissue was taken for serological assay, date shown. Ser (+) or (–) indicates a positive or negative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for X. fastidiosa. xThis tree died during 2005. Table 2. Results of 2005 rootstock transmission of It should be possible to reduce the degree stocks that have at least 1 year’s growth, there Xylella fastidiosa test. of transmission through infected scions, would be ample opportunity for insect trans- Symptoms and serologyy about 14% in one test (Sanderlin, 2005), by mission to occur. Although seedlings used in Rootstock seed visually identifying infected trees throughout this study were not from the typical maternal source and test 6 Sept. 2005 5 Oct. 2005 tree numberz Sym Ser Sym Ser the growing season and avoiding collection cultivars generally used by pecan propaga- Infected of scion wood from trees that develop symp- tors (Grauke and Thompson, 1995), results Barton III + + toms at any time during the summer and fall. indicate that rootstocks from multiple seed Barton IV – + Results reported here suggest that the rate of sources can be infected with the pathogen. Barton V – + rootstock transmission of the pathogen is Cheyenne III + + much higher than the rate of scion trans- Desirable III – – mission. However, it would be more difficult Desirable IV – + to identify infected rootstocks and avoid their Literature Cited Kiowa V + + use. Pecan grafting is typically conducted Gould, A.B. and J.H. Lashomb. 2005.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Using and Breeding Drought Tolerant Grape Rootstocks
    Using and Breeding Drought Tolerant Grape Rootstocks Andy Walker [email protected] Acknowledgements • California Grape Rootstock Improvement Commission / California Grape Rootstock Research Foundation • CDFA NT, FT, GV Improvement Advisory Board • California Table Grape Commission • American Vineyard Foundation • E&J Gallo Winery • Louis P. Martini Endowed Chair in Viticulture Thanks! Summaira Riaz, Nina Romero Kevin Fort – Post-doc Claire Heinitz, Jake Uretzky, Inez Hugalde, Cassie Bullock – PhD students Andrew McElrone, USDA-ARS Rootstock Origin • First developed to address grape phylloxera in the late 1800s • French scientists came to the US to collect Vitis species resistant to phylloxera • Took back cuttings of many, but only V. riparia and V. rupestris rooted well from dormant cuttings • Later added V. berlandieri for lime tolerance V. riparia Missouri River V. rupestris Jack Fork River, MO V. berlandieri Fredericksburg, TX V. monticola V. candicans “Isn’t there a cactus gene out there that might help?” Breeding Rootstocks to Tolerate Drought • The ability to continue growth when exposed to water stress • The ability to maintain crop yield with less water • Adaptation vs. resistance • Root architecture – shallow to deep rooting angles • Root density – two tiered to even distributions • Fine root recovery after drought • Structural roots – which persist? • Hydraulic lift • Water uptake and permeability of structural roots • In collaboration with Andrew McElrone Grape roots • Many perennial root systems mimic top growth – grape roots
    [Show full text]
  • Propagating Grapevines
    EHT-116 4/19 Propagating Grapevines Justin Scheiner and Andrew King Department of Horticultural Sciences, The Texas A&M University System Plant propagation is the process of creating new Dormant Hardwood Cuttings plants. Asexual propagation is the development Dormant canes are one-year-old wood that con- of a new plant from a piece of another plant. The tain buds. These canes are the tissue of choice for result is a plant that is genetically identical to propagating grapes. Most of the wood removed the mother or stock plant. Sexual propagation is during dormant winter pruning can be used to the development of a new plant from a seed with generate new vines (Fig. 1). Dormant canes con- genetic material from two plants. This process tain fully developed buds with rudimentary shoots results in offspring that are genetically different comprised of leaf and cluster primordia and stored from the mother plant and from one another. energy. The carbohydrates contained in the wood This difference is due to genetic recombination will fuel the growth of roots and shoots until the during meiosis. Although grapes can be readily new grapevine has enough functioning leaves to grown from seed, all commercial grape cultivars support itself. are propagated asexually. This is the only way to maintain the exact characteristics of a specific grape cultivar. The mother plant’s characteristics must be maintained to use the cultivar name for marketing purposes, such as on a wine label. Some of the grape cultivars grown today were developed hundreds of years ago and have been preserved through asexual propagation.
    [Show full text]
  • Rootstocks As a Management Strategy for Adverse Vineyard Conditions
    FACT SHEET 14 MODULE 14 Rootstocks as a management strategy for adverse vineyard conditions AUTHOR: Catherine Cox - Phylloxera and Grape Industry Board of South Australia These updates are supported by the Australian Government through the Irrigation Industries Workshop Programme - Wine Industry Project in partnership with the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry and the Grape and Wine Research and Development Corporation. waterandvine.gwrdc.com.au Rootstocks as a management strategy for adverse vineyard conditions Introduction 2 Understanding different rootstock This Fact Sheet consolidates current knowledge around the key characteristics rootstocks used in Australian Viticulture in terms of tolerance to V. riparia x V. rupestris drought, salinity and lime. These rootstocks offer low-moderate vigour to the scion, and in The aim of this module is to briefly summarise the pros and cons certain situations hasten ripening. They do not tolerate drought of each rootstock and showcase the existing industry resources conditions. These characteristics make them particularly suited that can be used to aid in the selection of rootstocks in the key to cool climate viticulture. These rootstocks perform best on growing regions within the Murray Darling Basin. soils that dry out slowly and have moderate-high water holding For more information and training contact your local Innovator’s capacities. They impart low vigour to the scion and hence are Network member or go to http://waterandvine.gwrdc.com.au. suitable to high fertility sites and growing conditions. V. berlandieri x V. riparia 1 Introduction to rootstocks These rootstocks offer moderate-high vigour to the scion Grapevine rootstocks are derived from American Vitis species that depending on the soil type.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines for the Production and Handling of High Quality Grapevine Planting Material
    Grapevine Propagation; Principles and Methods for the Production and Handling of High Quality Grapevine Planting Material Helen Waite1*, David Gramaje2 and Lucie Morton3 1National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia 2Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, P.O. Box 4084, 14080 Córdoba, Spain. 3Viticulturist, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. *Corresponding author [email protected] 1 Contents Draft Guidelines for the Production and Handling of High Quality Grapevine Planting Material .......... 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Part 1: Quality Criteria for Vitis vinifera and Rootstock Cuttings Entering the Propagation Chain ........ 4 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 4 Intrinsic characteristics of Good Quality Vitis vinifera and rootstock cuttings ................................... 5 Quality cuttings: .............................................................................................................................. 5 Visible Characteristics of good Quality Vitis vinifera and Rootstock Cuttings .................................... 6 Quality dormant cuttings are: ........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Rootstocks and Irrigation Levels on Grape Quality of Vitis Vinifera L
    African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(25), pp. 3801-3807, 21 June, 2010 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB ISSN 1684–5315 © 2010 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Effects of rootstocks and irrigation levels on grape quality of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz M. Ozden1*, H. Vardin2, M. Simsek3 and M. Karaaslan2 1Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, 63040 Sanliurfa, Turkey. 2Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, 63040 Sanliurfa, Turkey. 3Department of Farm Structures and Irrigation, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, 63040 Sanliurfa, Turkey. Accepted 31 May, 2010 The influence of two rootstocks (SO4 and 1103P) on grape quality and berry chemical composition was studied in a factorial experiment, in field grown grapevines of cv. Shiraz (Vitis vinifera L.), subjected to five irrigation levels [0% (T1), 25% (T2), 50% (T3), 75% (T4) and 100% (T5) of irrigation depth (IW, mm): Class A pan evaporimeter (CPE)]. Spectrophotometric analyses of total anthocyanins (TA), total phenolics (TP) and total antioxidant activity (AA) in grape extracts were performed. Also, total soluble solids (TSS), total acidity, pH, total sugar content, ash, juice yield and color index of red grapes (CIRG) of berry samples were determined. TA, TP, AA, TSS, total sugar content, ash, and CIRG values decreased together with increasing irrigation levels. On the contrary, T4 and T5 irrigation treatments increased total acidity, pH and juice yield of samples compared to the effects of T1, T2 and T3 irrigation treatments for both rootstocks. Moreover, T1 or T2 treatments caused an increase in TA, TP, AA, TSS, total sugar content, ash, and CIRG index values of grape samples in comparison to that of vines irrigated with T3, T4 and T5 levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Rootstocks on Blade Nutritional Content of Two Minority Grapevine Varieties Cultivated Under Hyper-Arid Conditions in Northern Chile
    agronomy Article Effects of Rootstocks on Blade Nutritional Content of Two Minority Grapevine Varieties Cultivated under Hyper-Arid Conditions in Northern Chile Nicolás Verdugo-Vásquez 1 , Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa 2 , Emilio Villalobos-Soublett 1 and Andrés Zurita-Silva 1,* 1 Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, Centro de Investigación Intihuasi, Colina San Joaquín s/n, 1700000 La Serena, Chile; [email protected] (N.V.-V.); [email protected] (E.V.-S.) 2 Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 747, 346000 Talca, Chile; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: In the 90s, as in other countries, transformation of Chilean viticulture brought about the introduction and spread of European grapevine varieties which has resulted in a massive loss of minor local and autochthonous grapevine varieties traditionally grown in several wine growing regions. Fortunately, in recent years, autochthonous and minority varieties have been revalued due to their high tolerance to pests and diseases and because of their adaptation to thermal and water stress triggered by global warming. In this study, we assessed the nutritional status of two autochthonous grapevines grafted onto four different rootstocks under the hyper-arid climatic conditions of Northern Citation: Verdugo-Vásquez, N.; Chile over three consecutive seasons. The results showed that R32 rootstock induced high N, P, Ca, Gutiérrez-Gamboa, G.; Mg and Mn levels in blades compared to Harmony rootstock. R32 rootstock and to a lesser extent, Villalobos-Soublett, E.; Zurita-Silva, 1103 Paulsen and 140 Ruggeri rootstocks kept balanced levels of nutrients in blades collected from A. Effects of Rootstocks on Blade Nutritional Content of Two Minority Moscatel Amarilla and Moscatel Negra grapevine varieties.
    [Show full text]
  • Modifications Induced by Rootstocks on Yield, Vigor and Nutritional
    agronomy Article Modifications Induced by Rootstocks on Yield, Vigor and Nutritional Status on Vitis vinifera Cv Syrah under Hyper-Arid Conditions in Northern Chile Nicolás Verdugo-Vásquez 1 , Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa 2,* , Irina Díaz-Gálvez 3, Antonio Ibacache 4 and Andrés Zurita-Silva 1,* 1 Centro de Investigación Intihuasi, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, Colina San Joaquín s/n, La Serena 1700000, Chile; [email protected] 2 Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba 8580000, Chile 3 Centro de Investigación Raihuén, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, Casilla 34, San Javier 3660000, Chile; [email protected] 4 Private Consultant, La Serena 1700000, Chile; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (G.G.-G.); [email protected] (A.Z.-S.) Abstract: Hyper-arid regions are characterized by extreme conditions for growing and lack of water (<100 mm annual rainfall average), where desertification renders human activities almost impossible. In addition to the use of irrigation, different viticultural strategies should be taken into account to face the adverse effects of these conditions in which rootstocks may play a crucial role. The research Citation: Verdugo-Vásquez, N.; aim was to evaluate the effects of the rootstock on yield, vigor, and petiole nutrient content in Syrah Gutiérrez-Gamboa, G.; Díaz-Gálvez, grapevines growing under hyper-arid conditions during five seasons and compare them to ungrafted I.; Ibacache, A.; Zurita-Silva, A. ones. St. George induced lower yield than 1103 Paulsen. Salt Creek induced higher plant growth Modifications Induced by Rootstocks on Yield, Vigor and Nutritional Status vigor and Cu petiole content than ungrafted vines in Syrah, which was correlated to P petiole content.
    [Show full text]
  • Wines by the Glass Wine Flights Wine by the Bottle
    ALL PRICES LISTED ARE FOR ON PREMISE CONSUMPTION. SAVE 25% WHEN YOU PURCHASE WINE TO GO WINE FLIGHTS WINES BY THE GLASS WINE BY THE BOTTLE CREATE YOUR OWN FLIGHT DECEMBER WINE CLUB SELECTIONS GL│BT SPARKLING REG│MBR PINOT NOIR REG│MBR Mix and match any selections from our By the Glass List 2013 Mindego Ridge, Chardonnay, SCM, CA 28│110 NV Henriot, Brut Souverain, France 375ml 60│54 2012 Vino Vargas “Rio Ruso”, Russian River, CA 80│72 2013 Mindego Ridge, Pinot Noir, Santa Cruz Mtns, CA 28│110 750ml 96│89 2012 Testarossa “Gary’s Vineyard”, Santa Lucia Highlands, CA 120│108 SPARKLING FLIGHT 23 2013 Bella, Zinfandel, Sonoma County, CA 15│58 NV Pascal Lallemant, Premier Cru, Chamery, Champagne, FR 105│94 2012 Twomey, Russian River, CA 98│88 2012 Avinyo, Cava, Reserva Brut, Spain 2004 Roederer “L’Ermitage” Brut, Anderson Valley, CA 90│81 2013 Wrath, Ex Anima, Monterey, CA 64│58 NV Ben Riggs, “The Chook” Sparkling Shiraz, Austrailia 64│58 N/V Champalou Vouvray Brut, France 2012 Domaine du Masse, Givry 1er Cru “En Veau” Burgundy, FR 81│73 SPARKLING WINES 2004 Kathryn Kennedy ‘Cuvee 27’ Blanc de Blanc, SCM, CA 96│86 N/V Domaine Laurens Rose Cremant, France NV Ca Di Rajo, Prosecco, Italy 10│38 2011 Neely “Upper Picnic”, Santa Cruz Mtns, CA 112│101 2012 Avinyo, Cava, Reserva Brut, Spain 12│46 2012 Wrights Station, Santa Cruz Mtns, CA 110│99 LOCAL FLIGHT 23 NV Gruet, Blanc De Noir, Luna Rosa Vineyard, NM 13│50 SAUVIGNON BLANC/CHARDONNAY 2012 Beauregard, Roberta Mountain, Santa Cruz, CA 72│65 2012 Kathryn Kennedy, Sauvignon Blanc, Santa Cruz CA 42│38
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Rootstock on Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Fruit Composition of Norton Grapevines
    Effect of Rootstock on Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Fruit Composition of Norton Grapevines A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science By JACKIE LEIGH HARRIS Dr. Michele Warmund, Thesis Supervisor December 2013 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the Thesis entitled EFFECT OF ROOTSTOCK ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH, YIELD, AND FRUIT COMPOSITION OF NORTON GRAPEVINES Presented by Jackie Leigh Harris A candidate for the degree of Master of Science And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Michele Warmund David Trinklein Stephen Pallardy ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Michele Warmund, for her willingness to take me on as a graduate student and guide me through the writing process. Her insight and knowledge was extremely helpful these past couple of years. I would also like to that my other committee members, Dr. David Trinklein and Dr. Steven Pallardy for their valuable insight. Additionally, I would like to thank all the past and present faculty, staff, and students of the Grape and Wine Institute at the University of Missouri. In particular, Dr. Keith Striegler, Elijah Bergmeier, Dr. Anthony Peccoux, Dr. Misha Kwasniewski, and Dr. Ingolf Gruen for their guidance and encouragement. Also, I would like to thank my family for all their support throughout my studies. The assistance of all these individuals made the completion of my master’s a reality. Last but not least, I would like to thank the funding sources that contributed to my research.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Progress Reports for Pierce's Disease and Other
    2019 Research Progress Reports Research Progress Reports Pierce’s Disease and Other Designated Pests and Diseases of Winegrapes - December 2019 - Compiled by: Pierce’s Disease Control Program California Department of Food and Agriculture Sacramento, CA 95814 2019 Research Progress Reports Editor: Thomas Esser, CDFA Cover Design: Sean Veling, CDFA Cover Photograph: Photo by David Köhler on Unsplash Cite as: Research Progress Reports: Pierce’s Disease and Other Designated Pests and Diseases of Winegrapes. December 2019. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA. Available on the Internet at: https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/pdcp/Research.html Acknowledgements: Many thanks to the scientists and cooperators conducting research on Pierce’s disease and other pests and diseases of winegrapes for submitting reports for inclusion in this document. Note to Readers: The reports in this document have not been peer reviewed. 2019 Research Progress Reports TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1: Xylella fastidiosa and Pierce’s Disease REPORTS • Addressing Knowledge Gaps in Pierce’s Disease Epidemiology: Underappreciated Vectors, Genotypes, and Patterns of Spread Rodrigo P.P. Almeida, Monica L. Cooper, Matt Daugherty, and Rhonda Smith ......................2 • Testing of Grapevines Designed to Block Vector Transmission of Xylella fastidiosa Rodrigo P.P. Almeida ..............................................................................................................11 • Field-Testing Transgenic Grapevine Rootstocks Expressing Chimeric Antimicrobial
    [Show full text]
  • Rootstocks for Grape Production
    Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service HLA-6253 Rootstocks for Grape Production Becky Carroll Extension Assistant Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Fact Sheets are also available on our website at: As with any agricultural venture, proper planning is the http://osufacts.okstate.edu first step to a successful vineyard. Before establishing a new vineyard, potential problems should be considered and steps can only be helpful if taken correctly. Consult OSU Extension taken to avoid falling victim to costly and long lasting mistakes. fact sheet PSS-2207, “How to Get a Good Soil Sample,” for One commonly asked question is “should I use grafted detailed directions. Local county extension educators can as- plants or own-rooted plants”? There is no simple answer. Each sist with soil or water samples and many other management site and vineyard has unique situations that need to be well issues. Soil sample recommendations for nutrients and pH thought out before an answer can be given. adjustments, except nitrogen, should be implemented before What is the difference between an own-rooted and grafted planting the vines. The Plant Disease & Insect Diagnostic Lab vine? An own-rooted plant is simply taking a cutting from one at OSU can furnish information for proper nematode sampling plant and rooting it to make another genetically identical plant. and analysis. Results from soil samples for nutrition, pH and Therefore, if the top portion of the plant dies, and the plant nematodes plus the soil type will allow an informed decision. sprouts from the roots, the same type of plant will reemerge. Why would an own-rooted plant be a better option to A grafted plant is made up of two plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Cost Benefit Analysis of Winegrape Rootstock Research, Development and Extension
    Cost benefit analysis of winegrape rootstock research, development and extension FINAL REPORT to AUSTRALIAN GRAPE AND WINE AUTHORITY Project Number: GWR 1308 Principal Investigator: Greg Martin Research Organisation: IDA Economics Pty Ltd Date: 28 November 2014 Contents Summary .................................................................................................................. 3 Background ............................................................................................................... 5 Approach .................................................................................................................. 5 R&D investment (cost) ................................................................................................ 6 R&D outputs .............................................................................................................. 8 R&D value (benefit) .................................................................................................... 9 Measuring the benefits of R&D ................................................................................ 10 The otherwise case ................................................................................................ 10 Winegrape production areas ................................................................................... 11 Benefits to growers ................................................................................................ 12 Summary of benefits ..........................................................................................
    [Show full text]