CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 7 a terrible conftict of two civilizations in the Pacific--a clash that might THE PERMANE!\""T COURT OF INTETINATIO -A.L ,JDST!CE end civilization? Mr. FISH. Mr .. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend Congressman --- and the weary old men of the quarterdeck cabals my remarks in the RECOBD on the World Court. who dream and scheme the wars that younger men must fight are play The SPEAKER. Is there objection? [After a pause.] The ing with terrifice forces. The naval officer who has convinced himself Chair hears none. that wo.r is inevitable and may as well come is dangerous to America. Mr. FISH. 1\lr. Speaker, on January 2 I submitted the fol Every man who is pushing two peoples toward the red whirlpool in his lowing concurrent resolution, which was referred to the Com effort to create great fleets is a tool of those human vultures who feed mittee on Foreign Affairs and ordered to be printed: upon liattle fields and suck the marrow from the bones of broken Concurrent Resolution 36 nations. We do not plead the cause of pacifism. It is as foolish 'and dangerous Whereas modern warfare is a menace to civilization and to mankind; as jingol m. This Nation must maintain forces adequate for defense, and · but only for defense. The Navy is now adequate and efficient !or this Whereas a guiding principle in the foreign policy of the United States purpose. It need. not and must not be increased. has always been the peaceful settlement of controversies between The task of America and Japan is to end the hysterical agitation of nations by example and by the advocacy of arbitration ; and phantom issues and keep dead issues buried deep. The people of Japan Whereas for more than a quarter of a century the United States mu t not be misled. There is no will in America to make war against Government has been a member of The Hague Tribunal and has long them. A.xnericans must not be deceived. Japan is right well and truly sougllt the creation of a . permanent court of international justice; and bearing herself as an honorable and peace-loving nation should. Whereas in effect both of the great political parties in the United The vicious circle of armament against armament and the inevitable States have declared in favor of the principle and purpose of such war has been broken and 'must not be again inscribed. The dark forces action, thus removing UJ.e proposal from the realm of partisanship, in both Japan and America must be checked and driven back into their further evidenced by its indorsement by diversified civic and religious shadowy caverns of greed, ambitions, and hate. organizations such as the American Legion, the American Federation of Labor, the United States Chamber of Commerce, the American Bar RECESS 'Association, the League of Women Voters, and the Christian Churches Mr. JONES of 'Vashington. I ask unanimous consent that of America ; and when the Senate concludes its business to-day it take a 1·ecess Whereas President Harding submitted to the Senate of the United until12 o'clock noon to-morrow. States February 24, 1923, a proposal that the United States adhere to The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to the the protocol establishing an international court of justice at The Hague, request of the Senator from Washington? The Chair hears with proposed reservations, which proposal has a!Bo been recommended none, and it is so ordered. by President Coolidge : Therefore be it Mr. JONES of Washington. Now, if there be no further ResoZvea by the Hcruse of Representatit•es (th~ Senate concurring), business to be brought before the Senate, I ask that the Senate That it is the sense of the Congress of the United States that the carry out the unanimous-consent agreement just entered into proposal tbat the United States adhere to the protocol establishing a relative to taking a recess until noon to-morrow. permanent international court of justice at The Hague, with certain The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Under the unanimous reservations, recommended by President Harding and by President consent agreement, if there be no further business to be trans Coolidge, is in harmony with the traditional policy of our country, acted, the Senate will stand in recess until 12 o'clock noon to which is against aggressive war and for the maintenance of permanent and honorable peace; and that said proposal deserves to receive and morrow. ought to be given prompt and sympathetic consideration as a forward Thereupon the Senate (at 4 o'clock and 18 minutes p. m.) step toward outlawing war through peaceful settlement of justiciable took a recess until to-morrow, Thursday, January 8, 1925, at questions. 12 o'clock meridian. Mr. Speaker, it is now over six years since the armistice, and the United States, the richest and most powerful Govern ment in the world, has so far failed to either devise machinery HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to lessen the likelihood of another world war or adhere to the Permanent Oourt of International Justice for the purpo e WEDIDIBDAY, Janua1vy 7, 19~5 of settling international disputes by means of arbitration. The House met at 12 o'clock noon. It seems to me that the time has come when we must take The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Montgomery, D. D., offered a. definite stand either in favor of international arbitration the following prayer : as a step in the direction of achieving and maintaining world peace or wipe our hands like Pontius Pilate and proclaim Praise ye the Lord; 0 give thanks unto the Lord, for His our sole reliance on battleships and bayonets. mercy endureth forever. Remember us with Thy favor and As a soldier and speaking for an ol'erwhelming majority of bestow upon us the Father's blessing. Let the people praise the veterans of the World War who saw the hon·ors of actual Thee, 0 God ; let all the people praise Thee, and may they give warfare, comrades shot down by unseen foes at great dis glory unto Thy excellent name. Give us a childlike faith and tances, or seared by poisonous gas, I am convinced that the bless us with the truths that are hidden even from the wise. sacrifices will have been in vain if the United States does not Lead all through the journey of our days by Thy guiding play its part to carry into effect the assurances given the hand. Amen. soldiers that they were engaged in a war to end wars. We The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and ap have up to now broken faith with those of our comrades who paid the supreme sacrifice. What is there to prevent another pro,·ed. holocaust or even minimize the possibilities of another world CONTESTED-ELECTION OASE OF J!'B.ANK 1>. LAGUARDIA war? 1\lr. NELSON of Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, I present a priv I am opposed to the league because it is p<>litical and has ileged report from the Committee o'n Elections No. 2. failed lamentably to advance the cause of limitation of arma The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Wisconsin presents a. ment for which it was created, settle any of the major issues prhileged report from the Committee on Elections No.2, which of Europe involving war, and is the practical enforcement the Clerk will report. agent of the Versailles treaty, conceived in cupidity and in a The Clerk read as follows: spirit of revenge, creating a dozen new Alsace-Lorraines to plague Europe for generations with wars of liberation. Mr. NELSO~ of Wisconsin, from the Committee on Elections No. 2, The league is not a judicial organization like the Perma submits the following report on the contested-election case of Henry nent Court of International Justice, but political, dominated Frauk v. Fiorello H. LaGuardia. by England and France. Were we to enter the league we could The S~EAKER. Referred to the House Calendar. not help taking sides on questions which would involve and entangle us hopelessly in Nuropean jealousies, ambitions, and MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE intr!gues. A message from the Senate by Mr. Craven, one of its clerks, I am not an irreconcilable, but in my opinion it would be announced that the Senate had passed with amendments the the part of wisdom for the United States to keep out of the bill (H. R. 10020) making appropriations for the Department League of Nations, at least untll the European nations show of the Interior for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, and . orne intention to reduce their military e. tabli. hmehts, bond for other purposes, in which the concurrence of the House of their debts, and signify a desire for· peace and mutual help nepresentatives was requested. fulness. 1925 CON-GRESSIONAL R.EOORD-HDUSE
As far as the Permanent Court of .International Justice is one position is allocated the salary of such position shall not exceed the concerned it may or may not be the child of the league. If average of the compensation rates 'for the grade: .Pt·ov-idecl, That this it is, it is the best thing the league has done, and the league restriction shall not apply (1) to grades 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the clerieal should be given credit for it and not held up to public con mechaniral service, Ol' (2) to require the reduction in salary of any demnation. The overpowering fact remains that a permanent ·person whose compensation 'Was fixed as of 'July 1, 1924, in accordrnce world court of arbitration exists and is functioning serenely with the l'ules of section 6 of such act, (8) to require the reduction at The Hague, to which 52 nations have adhered, while the in sal-ary oi any person who is transferred from one position to United States is still fighting shadows of foreign entangle another position in the same or dllrerent grade in the same or a ments and· talking in a haze about foreign intrigues and secret diJierent bureau, office, or other appropriation unit, or (4) to pre\ent iliplomacy. . the payment of a "Salary under any grade at a rate higher than the We can very properly adhere to the protocol creating the maximum rate of the grade when such higher rate 1s permitted by " The World Court without in any degree sa-nctioning the league, classification act of 1923," 1lD.d is speei.fically authorized by other law. The World Court is the only practical and constructive ma Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the chine set up since the war to settle disputes between nations, last word. I ask unanimous consent to proceed for 15 minutes big and little, on the broad principles of justice. There never on the bill, but not particularly on this section. has been any question raised about the ability, probity, or The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from New York ask::; eminence of the judges. Prof. John Bassett Moore, America's unanimous consent to proceed for 15 minutes on the l>ill, but not greatest exponent of international law, is one of the 11 judges. -particularly .on this section. Is there objection? [After a We are assured of a square deal at the outset, as the court is pause.] The Chair hears none. judicial and not political. Can we afford to hang back any :Mr. LAGUARTIIA. Mr. Chairman, the purpose of asking longer from taking this step in the direction of peace while at consent of the committee for extra time is to bring before yon the same time palavering and -professing our unquenchable certai:p facts and figures bearing upon an amendment which I love of peace? shall offer when we reach page 37. On page 37 I shall move to I have introduced this resolution in the House in the first strike out the ligures "$14,700,000" and insert in lieu thereof -place to secul'e a record vote in favor of the proposal. The " $14,200,000," and th~n move to strike out all from line 11, on ·1\Iembers of the House of Representatives have all been elected page 38, and line 1, on page 39. since the message on the '\Vorld Court was sent to the Senate Mr. Chairman, my amendment, which provides for reducing by President Harding, and can testify regarding the attitude the total appropriation by $500,000 and striking out the au of the public who are wondering at the delay in presenting thority for the expenditure of this amount as provided in lines the proposal to the Senate and are disconcerted at the slowness 11 to 25 on page 38 and part of line 1 on page 39, at this time of the procedure. _ is })rompted solely for what I deem to be for the best interest I am well aware that the House of Representatives has no of aviation generally. While I doubt the wisdom of placing the constitutional power to negotiate or ratify treaties, but in the engineering department of Army aviation at Dayton, I shall case of our adhering to the protocol creating the World Court not discuss for the pre ent that phase of the question. I will which would incur annual appropriations and might require say that I shall oppose any offer at any time made under ·the the concurrence of both Houses of Congress to limit the size same auspiees as that now before us. Since 1918, in the Sixty of the Army and Navy, and to refrain in certain instances fifth and Sixty-sixth Congre ses, and at e-very opportunity I from declaring war the constitutional power of the House have had during the present Congress, I have consistently would be obviously involved. urged the necessity of taking inventory of figuring our costs It, therefore, seems appropriate that the House of Repre .and of uniting once a:nd forever all of the governmental avia sentatives should consider the expediency of adopting such an tion activities. With the exception of the National Advisory innovation in our dealings with foreign powers before ratifica Board for Aeronautics, there has been little or no effective suc tion by the Senate, and expre s or withhold its approval in cessful coopel'ation. The board has been doing great ·work and general terms when it will ·have some effect on subsequent is the living example of the necessity of liDited thought, action, proceedings. and ex-penditures in this new and necessary branch of govern The peace problem is by far the greatest unsolved issue and mental activity. nothing else matters much in comparison to it. The adherence I have some 'figures to-day to add to the many previous state to the World Court is not the solution but only a step which ments that I have made on the floor of the House, which will promote arbitration of international di putes, further those who have follow~d the growth and development of avia limitation of armament, develop good will and peaceful re tion in this country will surely find of great interest I will lations between nations to the end that law and not war may first take up the specific subject of the proposed new neld at be the arbiter of international differences. Dayton, and then if the House will bear with me, I will present WAR DEPARTMENT .APPROPRLA.TION BILL figures whicn I have been gathering for -many months which will prove conclusively that the United States Government is Mr. ANTHONY. Mr. Speaker, 1 move that the House l'e spending as much, if not more, than other Governments in the solve itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state whole world for aviation. Yet the statements made on the of the Union for the further consideration of the bill H. R. floor of this House so many times in the last six years remain 11248. . true-that is, that the Government is not doing as much for the The motion was agreed to. development of aviation as other countries. Why? For the Accordingly the House resolved itself into the Committee of simple reason that our activities are divided, our ex-penditures the Whole House on the state of the Union for the further con not wisely controlled, and large amounts used in this injudi sideration of the bill H. R. 11248, the War Department ap cious, competitive, disunited, uncoordinated fashion are hidden propriation bill, with Mr. L-ucE in the chair. in other appropriations. But let us take up one thing at a The CHAIRMAN. The House is in Committee of the Whole time. House on the state of the Union for the further consideration of First, a new field is proposed at Dayton, Ohio. We are asked the bill H. R. 11248, the ·war Department appropriation to ap-propriate SoOO,OOO, which shall be available immediately, biD,. and the Clerk willl'esume the reading of the bill. toward the transfer of the testing and experimental plant of The Clerk read as follows : the Air Service now located at McCook Field, Dayton, and the
TITLE I.-MILITARY ACTIVITIES AND OTHER EXPE~SES OF THE WAR l'eestablishment on a permanent site in the same vicinity in DEPARTME~T INCIDENT THKRETO cluding, the }Jrovision in the appropriation says, the preparation of grounds, construction of buildings, installation of roadways OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR and utilities, and all other expenses of whatever character Salaries: Secretary of War, $12,000; Assistant Secretary of War, connected with this J)rojcct. Then we have been told that the $10,000, and for other personal services in the District of Columbia citizens of Dayton have generously contributed the ground for in accordance with .. -The classification act of 1923," 202,174; in all, this field and station. $224,174: Pt·ovided, That in expending appropriations or portions of The title has been transferred to the United States Govern appropriations contained in this act for the .payment for personal ment and we are told tha.t we will not have to appropriate one services in the District of Columbia in a~cordance with " The classifica cent for the ground. This House has had sufficient experience tion act of 1923," the ave1·age of the salaries of the total number of with gifts to the Government and that in itself should put us persons under any grade in any bureau, office, or other appropriation on notice. If there is any Member on the floor who is of the unit shall not at any time exceed the average .of the compensation opinion that this $'500,000 is all the appropriation required to rates specified for the grade by such act, and in grades in which only make the transfe-r and construct the buildings, permit me at .tl392 OONGRESSION AL RECORD- HOUSE ~.ANU.ARY 7 this time to relieve his mind of any such thought. That is not read the recommendations of the Aeronautical Board a few the case. I am sure the distinguished gentleman from Kansas days ago, when we were considering the bill to authorize the [Mr. ANTHONY], who made such a splendid statement under the Postmaster General to establish air lines for the carrying of general debate a few days ago, will bear me out that this mails, and the Aeronautical Board has been recommending for appropriation is simply for the initial costs of transferring the years the avoiding of duplication, yet the duplication goes on plant from one field to another. This appropriation, let it be at the cost of millions of dollars. To continue the hearing. ~early understood, is sufficient for the actual cost of the transfer l\Ir. ANTHONY asks : of the machinery and property now at l\!cCook Field to the new I do not know what the other members of the committee think about field and to start the work for tracks, roads, and then only it, but per onally I would be opposed to the Army going ahead and for the foundation of the necessary buildings. l\!y colleagues building a plant of this kind there if the Navy is going ahead with an will find the itemized estimates for which this $500,000 will be entirely separate plant of the same kind. used on page 342 of the hearings held by the subcommittee of Sound judgment; good legislation; which, of course, is e~ the . House Committee on Appropriations considering this very pected from the distinguished gentleman from Kansas [Mr. bill, and let me read them to you- ANTHO~Y]. Now, let me call the attention of the gentleman Propeller test laboratory and generator power-hou e founda- from Kan as [Mr. ANTHO~'"Y], of the committee, that this very Utilidors_:tion------______$41, 000 85,000 duplication is going on. A few days ago, when the naval Railroads------18,000 appropriation bill was taken up, we appropriated the annual Transformer stands------3,600 allowance for just such a plant. The naval plant is known as F1ying field------ 10,000 noads------18,000 the aircraft factory of Philadelphia, and we appropriated Warehouse and museum foundations------ 17,900 $1,500,000 in the bill, which passed this House a few days ago, Warehouse and museum construction (parts)------ 60,000 as against $1,511,000 for the previous fiscal year. You will . Heating plant (without equipment)------. 60, 000 ;Main-building foundation ______75,000 find on page 530 of the hearings before the subcommittee of the 4,000 House Committee on Appropriations considering the naval ap ~~~~d~~Po~-!o~-asse~bii-oierbaua-a~d-shops======57,000 propriation bill, January 7, 1024, the te timony of Admiral Moving that part to be done under this appropriation ______10,000 Moffett. who has the corresponding position in the Navy of Utilities------ 35, 000 Contingent------5, 100 General Patrick in the Army: ---- ... :Mr. FnE~CH. The next item cover-s the aircraft factory at Phila- Total------500,000 delphia, $1,500,000 as against $1,511,000 for 1923. , General Patriek, who testified, e timates that the total Admiral MoFFETT. That is practically the same as last year • • •. amount required is about $4,000,000, and I say, and I am sure Mr. TABER. Do you do a good deal of manufacturing there? ,my colleagues who have had experience on appropriating com Admiral MOFFETT. We. do as little as we possibly can; practically mittees before the Committee on Appropriations took over all none now, except spare parts. It is practically manufacturing experi appropriations. and the gentlemen now on the Appropriations mental types. We ha·ve ho production there, practically, this year. Committee will agree that considering the cost .of the founda Mr. HARDY. Do you build any airplanes? tion and the plan proposed by General Patrick as detailed in Admiral MOFFETT. We have built them in the past. For instance, his testimony, the cost will be much nearer to $10,000,000 than we have an experi.i:nental type and we will build, say, three of some it will be to his estimate of $4,000,000. I am not objecting to a thing that i entirely new, of our own design. Take the training permanent experimental station or engineering department for plane. This last year we built two types of training planes. But the Army Air Service. We must ha"Ve one. It is unwise to make it is almost entirely research, experimental construction, and repair. this appropriation at this time to settle at this partieular site just because some men out in Dayton, men who ha"Ve cost this Exactly what the Dayton plant is doing. Absolute duplica Go"Vernment hundreds of millions of dollar by reason of their tion. We have a complete plant at Philadelphia. I dare say lipecial Dayton interests, desire a permanent field there. Why we have some $10,000,000 buildings on it at this time. Here all this hurry? Why all this speed? Because they know that are the itemized estimates covering the $1,500,000 which we ap the question of aviation ha reached that point ·where it mu t be propriated for the Philadelphia aircraft factory. They will definitely settled, and they know that when we have analyzed gi"Ve an idea of the extent of the work performed there: the co t in the last ix years and taken in"Ventory that ~re will Estimated cost under u Maintenance" of the tlavaZ aircraft factory settle upon a united ervice, and that when we do that the for fiscal year 1925 chance of their offer being accepted will be \ery slim. Hence Grounds and buildings ______$7,650 Tools and machinery------34,650 the pre sure that is brought to bear at this time. But let me 211, 500 read further from the hearing.. The chairman of the committee 43,650 [Mr. ANTHONY] asked General Patrick, who was testifying for ~~fE!~~~tlgn::::::::::::::::======137, ;)0 this particular appropriation, page 339 of the hearing, Decem 371,400 i~~~~i~I~~~o~-i~oup=~======~=====Shop groUP------271,950 ber 3, 1924: Miscellaneous groUP------23,400 2,100 Mr. AN1'HO~Y. You mean the present testing facilities are not sum 164, 50 dent? jt~g:{:~ ;;s~~crait======900 Losses,Operating aeronautical expenses, aircraft_materiaL------______General PATRICK. They are not sufficient to test large propellers. It 1lanufacturing______1,035 can not be done • •. 229, 065
T~tal______1,500,000 Now, get this- Mr. A:s-THOXY. lias the Navy anything of that sort? So here we haYe an example. The general commanding General rATRACK. They have nothing comparable to what we must Army Air Service admits he does not know what the Nevy is have, and we .are testing all that are being tested for th~ Navy, doing, and the Navy seemingly does not know or care what the anyway. Army proposes to do. The subcommittee of the House Commlt Mr. ANTHONY. You propose to spend $4,000,000 on this engineering tee on Appropriations in charge of na\al appropriations is plant. What is the Navy planning to do? naturally interested in developing naval appropriations. They General PATRICK. I do not know, sir. are not familiar with the details of the program of the Army Gentlemen, that is just the trouble. The Army does not know aviation. The subcommittee in charge of Army appropriations what the Navy is doing, and the Navy does not know what the does not know the details of what the naval subcommittee is Army is doing. It is not their business to know. They are not doing, and we are spending millions upon millions of dollars. Dayton, of course, is particularly intere ted in Dayton. That required to know. They do not want to know as long as they is not our problem just now. We are responsible for the devel can come here and get separate appropriations. opment of aviation in this country with the appropriation of Mr. ANTHO~Y. We ought to know whether they are going ahead with the people's money, and should not be swept off our feet by the a duplication of this plant. glamour and noise of real-estate promoters, contract seeker , General PATRICK. We are preventing duplication by having all these and business men who ba\e only their own local interests at matters taken up wlth the Aeronautical Board. One of the distinct stake. Let me read a paragraph from The Slipstream of June, functions of the Aeronautical Board is to consider all such things and 1!>24, the acti\e wide-awake, forceful publication intere ted in see that there is no duplication. Dayton and publi hed at Dayton. As to why the Go\ernment Why, gentlemen, you know the Aeronautical Board has no station should stay in Dayton has been answered logically by powers of this kind. They can not prevent the Navy going its citizens. Location, cost, coordination from the Government ahead and the Army going ahead. They simply can .suggest. I standpoint of view, of cow·se, seemingly does not enter into it. 1925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1393
The citizens of Dayton have given the logic and the necessity the good of aviation in general. I say again that the re for it. Then the article goes on : spective merits of the various locations throughout the coun Atl the present time the architects are stnl busily engaged in map try should be considered, not in this manner, first by one com ping out plans of buildings and construction work in connection with mittee placing it in Philadelphia and another committee plac the proposed new ·home of the engineering division. Tentative plans, ing it in Dayton, but must be considered definitely until we linked with the proposed sale of the five abandoned air fields, will are ready to consider this big subject comprehensively and aggregate a sum of $10,000,000 for the purpose of erecting permanent thoroughly and ready to establish a definite policy for the buildings. The expansion made possible by the move will mean an Government and Congress to follow. We may continue for annu&l pay roll of from $2,000,000 to $5,000,000-McCook Field now another year at McCook Field. Somebody will argue that bas the fourth largest pay roll in Dayton. It w111 give employment to McCook Field is not good. Perhaps it is true. That it is from 8,000 to 5,000 skUled workmen. It will mean the building of hun dangerous. The Government has had it there for many dreds of new homes. It will give Dayton further world-wide publicity. years. We have all our machinery there; we have all our It will increase Dayton's population many thousands. It will turnish equipment there; why, we have equipment and machinery and a fitting memorial to the Wright brothers. It may result in the location personnel enough to spend millions of dollars on experimental here of an air academy surpassing the West Point and Annapolis Insti work each year. It can continue there just one more year. tutions. It will advance the educational opportunities and standards By that time I hope that the special committee of the House of the community. It will focus the attention of the world upon Day now investigating aviation will make its report. General ton's activities. It will attract the manufacturer of aircraft. It wlll Patrick has seen the light; he sees the necessity for uniting draw thousands of desirable visitors. It will add to Dayton's reputa our aviation activities. I expected he would. He believed tion as a. precision center. It will be splendid evidence of the progress in it, I am certain, all of the time, but was in an embarrassing and patriotism of Dayton people. position. He could not publicly, perhaps, state something which he knew was diametrically opposed to the viewpoint Mr. BLANTON. Will the gentleman yield? of his superior offi.ce·rs. General Patrick is an excellent sol Mr. LAGUARDIA. Certainly. dier; has put his whole heart in aviation. I had the honor Mr. BLANTON. Suppose there were 100,000 men out of em of serving under him when I was in the Army, and the courage ployment there. he displayed in the testimony given by him a few days ago, Mr. LAGUARDIA. This would be very handy, would it not? which, perhaps, is not in accord with the "Army viewpoint," :Mr. BLANTON. Does the gentleman believe in a Govern is commendable, and will, I am sure, inspire and encourage ment policy of constructing buildings to give them employment? other officers to come out and speak for the best interests llr. LAGUARDIA. That would be rather a costly policy to of their country, rather than for the best interest of their follow. branch of the service. · 1\Ir. BLANTON. Does the gentleman believe in that? The Advisory Board of Aeronautics sees the necessity of M:r. LAGUARDIA. No; I do not believe in constructing uniting our efforts; the flying officers of the Navy understand buildings for the sole ·-purpose of giving men employment. it and know it. They are helpless in the face of the attitude Mr. BLANTON. That is one of the gentleman's arguments assumed by their superiors. I recall when, ~ the Sixty-sixth he has just made. Congress, I was on the Committee of Military Affairs and was Mr. LAGUARDIA. No; I am quoting something to which I acting chairman of a subcommittee which held hearings on am opposed. Mr. Curry's bill for separate Air Service, that many yotmg Mr. BLANTON. Oh, I did not catch the gentleman. Then officers of the Navy told me privately the need of a united he is not in favor of any such policy of the Government? service, gave me information which they would not dare give Mr. LAGUARDIA. No. The gentleman will remember- before the' committee, owing to the attitude of the Navy De Mr. STENGLE. Do I understand the gentleman is reading partment. We are gradually coming to an understanding. somebody else's speech and he is going to oppose that speech? The time is not distant and the conditions are such that we Mr. LAGUARDIA. No; I am reading from an article with shall be compelled to decide this great problem. Therefore reference to Dayton-- I urge that we make no hasty,. unnecessary expenditures at Mr. STENGLE. The gentleman is advertising Dayton. this time. The experimental station of the Army now a.t Mr. LAGUARDIA. Dayton is advertising itself and I am McCook Field, as I have said before, has been going on for opposed to it. If the gentleman had been listening he would years. It was originally transferred there from Langley Field have understood. I hope I have made myself clear. by Deeds. This matter was before the House before. Can you beat it? The last place in the world that a memo My colleagues will remember that a similar proposition was rial should be put up to the Wright brothers is in Dayton, before us the second session of the Sixty-sixth Congress. The Ohio. When the W1·ight brothers were struggling with theh· distinguished gentleman now in charge· of the bill IMr. AN great invention, when they were hard up against it to finish THONY] then reported from the Committee on Military Af the construction of their first machine, they got no help in fairs a bill for the removal of limitation for the purchase of Dayton, that now seeks to erect a memorial at the expense of land for construction in military posts. The bill came before the Government of the United States to " their" Wright us on December 11, 1919, debate starting on page 409 of the brothers. Dayton should erect a memorial to the Wright RECORD for that session, continuing on December 12. At that brothers at their own expense. They should dig deep in their time we had three or fom.• propositions very similar to this. pockets and erect a magnificent memorial to these great pio One _proposition for Selfridge Field, one for the field at Ran neers of the air as a. constant daily reminder to every citizen toul, Ill., another for the purchase of the Curtis-Elmwood plant of Dayton of the lack of cooperation, of the utter Jack of sup at Buffalo, and another for the purchase of a field at Dayton, port that they gave to their native sons in the days that help Ohio. It happened that the Michigan Field was the first on was needed. Why, gentlemen, you all know the history of the the llBt and I op-posed it. There was considerable debate and Wright brothers. After their first successful experiment at I was beaten on my amendment to strike out. Then Rantoul Kittyhawk how discouraged they became, how embarrassed Field came along and the distinguished floor leader of the they were. Not until they went to Europe and demonstrated House, Mr. Mann, of illinois, took the floor, stated the hope the actual success of heavier than air flying did they receive lessness of trying to stop these unnecessary purchases of land, any assistance, moral or fuul.ncial. It was the winning of some supported me in my amendment on the Selfridge Field, and of the prizes o.f long standing in Europe that gave the Wright called the attention of the House that it was going wildly brothers their start. After their first 1light, December 17, 1903, with its eyes open into expenditures amounting to millions of they went to Europe ; for several years they sought assistance dollars that were not necessary. Then the distinguished floor and encouragement in Dayton, Ohio, and did not get it. They leader of the minority, the splendid gentleman of North Caro sold their European patent rights in Europe. It gave them the lina, Mr. Kitchin, suggested that we start all over again and start. The fu·st company was organized in New York City. go back to Selfridge Field and offered to vote with us. On The Dayton-Wright Co. was not the Wright Bros. Co. by any request for unanimous consent to go back to the :first item, means. It was formed during the war by Mr. E. A. Deeds, objection was made by a member of the committee, the gentle whose name should not be mentioned in the same breath with man from Pennsylvania, Mr. Crago. The next item before us the immortal name of the Wright brothers. So for sentimental was the Curtis-Elmwood plant for $1,497,202. Now gentlemen, reasons, as far as I am concerned, Dayton has no right to make please bear with me for just a few moments. I offereu an any demand on public funds. amendment striking out this provision. On pa~e 48{) of tbe 'l'he article, however, bears out the local intere~ in utter REcoRD of December 12, 1919, I urged, I pleaded, I be~gcd disregard of the best interest of the entire country and for this House to adopt my amendment striking out that appro- il394 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE · JANUARY7
priation. Very distinguished Members took the floor in establishing a permanent engineering plant and an experimetal opposition to my amendment in support of the committee's station. bill to appropriate this amount to purchase the Curtis-Elmwood 1.\lr. BEGG. No doubt the getleman knows more about the plant at Buffalo. Why, I remember the distinguished gentle subject than I do; but, in the gentleman's opinion, does the man from Kansas [1\Ir. ANTHONY], ridiculed my stand, com plant at Dayton rank on a par with the others, or does it rank / pared it to a penut merchant, and urged the approval of the au beneath them? , thorization to buy this plant for the amount just mentioned. Mr. LAGUARDIA. We have only one other to compare 1\Ir. ANTHONY. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield with-that at Philadelphia, for · th-e Navy. there? 1\lr. BEGG. How does that compare? 1\Ir. LAGUARDIA. Yes. Mr. LAGUARDIA. I have the figures showing what has been 1\Ir. ANTHONY. I simply wanted to correct the statement accompli bed at both plants. I say they have accompli-bed of the gentleman. The purchase of that plant was not made about as much work in each plant and have wasted about an for purposes of manufacturing at all. It was involved in a equal amount at each plant with experiments that were not claim of the Government, and the plant was simply used for justified by past experience and by the engineering knowledge storage purposes. of the day. This is what I say to the gentleman from Ohio. l\Ir. LAGUARDIA. It cost us a million and a half, never- Having at heart the interests of aviation, I want Congress to theless. pause in appropriating money for· buildings that we may not 1\Ir. BLA.i\"TON. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? need; I want to stop some of these needless duplications, and Mr. LAGUARDIA. Yes. I urge a study of this que tion in a comprehensive way. Then Mr. BLANTON. There was so much confusion in the I am in favor of starting out judiciously and getting some Chamber that I could not understand the gentleman from coordination and efficiency out of the money appropriated. Kansas [1\Ir. ANTHONY] when he interrupted the gentleman. [Applause.] Did I understand that be withdrew that "peanut" charge or It is said at this time that McCook Field is inadequate. Let not? me read the production at 1\IcCook Field since 1919, amounting Mr. LAGUARDIA. Oh we will not go into that. It is now to almost $2,000,000, not including all the jobs that were started past. I knew I was right at the time. What happened in and not finished : the last five years proves the correctness of my position. },"umber ana types of ait·planes bztiU by engineering division, MoOoolv The gentleman's argument prevailed and this House appro FielcL, July 1, 1919, to June so, 1923 priated the amount and purcha ed the plant. Kow, gentlemen, TYPE I-SINGLE-SEATER PURSUIT AIRPLANE mark you, we were told at that time that this plant wa absolutely necessary for the development of aviation, that it (E. 0. 2977, model PW-1, quantity 1) Project, engineering, and planning ______$10, 641. 96 was necessary for the defense of the country, that if we did Design, drafting, and stress analysis______38, 926. 20 not appropriate the money there was no telling what would Design, changes, and revisions------32, 324. 00 happen to us, that ever~Tthing would go to the dogs ; this was $81,892.16 on December 12, 1919. Some of us had experience of what had Construction of- ~ools, jig _, patterns, form~. etc ______1,289.14 been going on; some of us knew and were accurately informed 1 (>, t ~pec1men ______..:_ 1, 476.6!'1 by officers who knew the inside workings of the department. Wind-tunneJ. model ______2,839. 71 biock-UP------1, 762.22 The distinguished gentleman from Illinois, the floor leader of Sm~d-t est modeL ______23,773.28 the House, .Mr. Mann. was against it, and you passed it. l''I~ · ing model (1)------45,747.82 What happened? ~'hls plant was purchased for nearly a 76,888.86 million and a half dollars. It was never used to manufacture, TE STS it was never used as a warehouse, and on the 7th day of "ind tunnel. cooling, flia;ht, propeller, etc____ 2, !)03. 58 August, 1923, it was sold to the American Terminal Ware Static test of sand-test modeL______3, GG2. 46 house Corporation for $755,000. Let the gentleman from 6, 566.0-t Kansas explain that to the House, if he can, and justify the 163,347.06 bill now. Then we came to the Dayton-Wright plant. There was a TYPE V-TWO-SEATER P URSUIT AinrLAXE provision in the same bill for $2,740,228. I again took the (E. 0. 3059, model TP-1, quantity 1 ) floor and I again urged the defeat of the provision. I again ProjE-c t, e n ~ineering. and planning______:}, 613.27 D e~ ign, drafting, and stre. s analysis ______4:.!,6R .G6 had the support of the distingui hed floor leader, Mr. Mann, Design, changes, and revisions ______15, 1Tfl.61 and he spoke in no uncertain terms to the membership of this ---- - 60, 481. 51 House. I was severely criticized at that time for making the Construction of- ToolJ, jigs. patterns, forms, etc ______2, 020. 5:3 statement that I considered the Danon-Wl'ight proposal and '\\ind-tunnel model ------1, HiJ. 2:.! the Buffalo proposal a steal on the Treasury. The history of Sand-test modeL ______18, DOl. Gfl the Buffalo plant justifies my stand. We were told that the Flying modeL------:!2, 221. 36 Dayton-Wright plant was absolutely necessary. I told the 54,307.80 House then that this Dayton grounds would cost the Gov '.rEST S ernment $800 an acre for land ass~sed at $85 an acre. Again Wind tunnel, cooling, flight, propeller, etc___ 3, 010. 6.) I was criticized for the stand thar I took and you were told Static test of sand test modeL______3, 648. 83 at the time that it was absolutely neces ary to buy this plant. 6,6:19.48 .But after l\ir. Mann was through the House sustained me and we saYed that day over $2 000,000. Now we have exactly the 121,538.82 same proposition. same parties in interest, but different land. TYPD VI-TIIUEE-SEA'l'ER GRO UND-ATTACK .AIRPLANE Gentlemen, with the same earnestness that I pleaded in 1919 I now plead to you, justified and backed as I am with the hi - (E. 0. 2 77-model GAX-quantity 1) Project, engineering, and planning______$1, 280. 43 tory of the Buffalo plant and what happened at Dayton, not to De;ign drafting and stresa analysis______50, 722. 54 appropriate this money at this time, which means not only an 52,002.91 appropriation of $500,000, but means an expenditure of nearly Construction of $10,000,000. ~ool s , ji~, ptttterns, forms, etc______7, G28. 00 1 Pst sp e ~rnen · ------l\Ir. BEGG. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Wind-tunnel modeL______902. 11 l\Ir. LAGUARDIA. Yes. Mock-up ------1, [160. 99 Mr. BEGG. I am not sure that I get exactly the point of Sand-test modeL______30, GH. H Flying modeL------71, 632. 13 view of the gentleman from New York. Is he opposed to the ---- 112, 397. 37 go·rernmental operation of this plant at Dayton because it is at Static test of sand-te t modeL______8, 381. 63 Dayton or does he oppose the expenditure of the money at this time because the Army and the Navy are doing the same thing? 172,781.97 1\Ir. LAGUARDIA. I am urging a study of the question on it TI'PB X-CORPS OBSERVATION AIRPL.AXE merits. I say it is Yery inopportune at this time to make the expenditure, because we are now all studying the question of a (E. 0. 3030-modcl CO-l-quantity 1) united Air Service. ·we have the l\IcCook Field plant there now. ALL METAL It can continue for another :rear; and after we examine the Project, engineering, and planning______$3, 017. 08 Design, drafting, and stress analysis______50, 362. 01 whole quesUon it will be up to us to decide whether 'We need Design changes and revisions______36, 509. 02 this new plant at Dayton or not and what we hould do in 89,888.11 1925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE 1395 Construction of- Tools, jigs, patterns, forms, etc______$9,735.89 rounded with mystery and secrecy. Distinguished aeronauti Te ~ t specimens ______Wind-tunnel modeL ______1,164.79 cal engineers from abroad were shown parts of it. Tile 1,725.91 country was told about tllis giant, twice as b:g as tho Barling .. and-test modeL ______30,663.53 Flying modeL ______48 028. 94 bomber, which was then being produced by the Army, that was ' $91,319.06 to be produced by the .NaT"y. ·what happened? Nothing. The Slatic test of sand-test modeL______3, 684. 96 job wns neT"er completed. I don't believe it ever will be com 184,892.13 pleted. It is well that it should not. Another experimental job started and not finislled was a thousand horsepower en (E. 0 . 3026; model, C0- 2; quantity, 1) gine. Hundreds of thousands of dollars was spent on it and Project engineering anu planning_-:------$3, 262. 06 then discontinued. Dozens of airplanes designed and built by D f' ign drafting and stre s analysis______64. • 576. 23 Design' changes 'and revisions______13, 118. 42 the Government and deYelopment stopped. 80,956.71 These are specific instances of waste and C'Ompetitive waste Construction of instead of unified economy and coordinated efficiency. Tool s, jigs, pattPrns, forms, et c ------~- 9,624.89 \Yind-tunnE:-1 modeL ______1,160.45 I ha•e been unable to get complete figures from the Na•r Mock-up ------2,874.01 as to what rt has produced at -their Philadelphi_a plant, because Rand~ es t model ______Flying modeL ______..:. __ 23,260.07 they ha•e a different system of bookkeeping. Tile vest I could 39,397.52 obtain for the years 1019-Hl22 was ille following list and ex ----- 76,316.!)4 TESTS planation, which shows the difficulty if not the impossibil:ty Flight and cooling tests------170. 69 of knowing jtl't what we are doing and how much it is cost Sta tic test of sand-test modeL---=------3, 195. 37 ing us: 3, 366._06 Type, number, and tmit cost ot aircraft built at Nat·al Aircraft Faciot-y 160,639.71 since 1919
TYPE XV--T&AI~ING AIRPLANE (E. 0. 2947; model, TW-1; quantity, 1) YE:'ar Quantity Type manuiac- Unit cost Project engineering and planning-;------$3, 004. 70 tured Design, drafting, and stress analysis ______~· 413. 26 55,417.96 Confltrnction of- 1919-20_.------•• --·. -----••• -· •• ·--••••• F-5-L______Tools, jigs, patterns, forms, etc______M-F______50 24,069.16 682. 04. SA-L ______80 8, 722.66 TPst specimen ------339.46 SA -2______3 3, 071.85 Mock-up------1,462.78 3 5, 297.31 •'and-te st modeL------ 26,664.30 NCllS-3 ______.•• ·------_ 2 28, 2.52. 54 Flying modeL------46,934.89 6 123,336. 00 VE-7-G__ _·- ----· ----- 76,083.47 VE-7-GF______10 12,382.06 TESTS 192Q-2L •• __ • ___ •••••• _•.••• _____ ---_. __ . VE-7 ______: __ 10 13,335.46 Plight and cooling tests------1,000.98 16 6, 720.87 Static test of sand-test modeL ______3,449.65 M-81.VE-7-BF______------_ 34 7,114. 16 4,450.63 PT-1______36 7, 561.63 TS-L .. ______15 16, 588.20 5 135,952.06 1921-22_------•• --.------••• -.------17,128.13 TS-2_PT-2.. ·------______4 13,756.20 TTPE X--cORPS ~BSERVATIOX AIRPLANE 18 16,090.70 (FJ. 0. 2911; Model XB-1A; quantity, 2) TotaL ______----··-·----··-·-···--·-·---·- 303,421.70 Project eng"ineering and planning______$1, 584. 95 lJesigu and drafting______S7, 251. 34 38,836.29 XOTE.-The abov-e unit costs rE:'present average costs to manufacture Construction of- the plane only and do not include the engines, ordnance equipment, Tools, jigs, patterns, forms, etc______1,209.35 or radio. These items of cost are not included, as this equipment is ll'lying models (2) ------not standard. Some planes were not equipped with ordnance and 73,9"73.03 some were not equipped with radio. I•'urther, the invoice cost of en 75,182.38 gines, even of the same type, varies widely, probably depending upon the date of manufacture. For these reasons it is believed that any 114,018.67 comparisons of cost to manufacture can be more intelligently made il the cost of this equipment is eliminated. (E. 0. 3114; Model C0-5; quantity,. !) DE.'. igning and drafting:--.------$11, 6~5. ~7 Just a word now, if I may continue, on the g(>neral subject Design changes and rev1s1ons------2, 3o7. ol of aviation and the aviation industry. The way we have been Construction of- 14,033.08 appropriating for the various aviation activities of the Govern Tools, jigs, forms, patterns, etc______1, 071. 01 ment has been confusing, to say the least. ReC'ently we J1a1e Flying modeL______32, 349. 51 all heard that the Government is not doing enough for av-ia 33,420.52" Flight and cooling tests------.561. 87 tion. Perhaps I have made the same statement. What we ----- should say is that the Government is not treating this subject 48,015.47 intelligently or efficiently. The Navy comes in yearly with TYPE I-SIXGLE· SEATER PURSl>lT AIRPLANE about fifteen or sixteen million dollars. The Army has in the (E. 0. 1178; Model V. C. P. 1; quantity, 1) bill before us $14,000,00{). 'Vhether we take either one of these Costs not available on this airplane. Wo.rk started before cost figures and compare it with Great Britain or France of course, s:rstf?m was installed. the one figllre is far below. If you ask the Army ~hat it has · Abo>e costs include all expenses incurred in connection with the received in the last four years for aviation, it will tell you in orders, whether paid for from experimental fundi or from other 1920, $25,000,000; in 1921, $23,000s000; in 1922, $19,200,000; in sources. The o•erheau includes increased compensation, telephone 1923, $12,700,000. If you ask the Navy, it will say: 1919-20, and telegraph expen e, military super>ision, trucking, rent oi field, $25,000,000; 1920-21, $20,000,000; 1921-22, $13,413,431; 1922- 23,
is .. 67,241,327.9:5, and if any unfavorable comparison is to be correct. The first statement was made June 14, 1024, the made with England or France or other countries, it is not with second statement July 28, 1924, and the last statement at an what we appropriate but what we get for the money that we even later date, with the proviso that it is approximately cor SI end. Now. to explain the fL:,uure, the Army appropriation for rect. The article is so replete with figures, and the table 1922-23 under the item appropriation Air Service of the Army furnished is so illuminating, so convincing that the department is $12,6-18,397.41, add- does not know accurately what it is spending, as well as show ing the total amounts spent for aviation, that I consider it Cost of Army Air Service, jlscaz vear 19!2-!3 indeed a valuable document. Here is what it says : From appropriation, "Air Service, Arm["------U2, 64.8, 397. 41 From appropriation., u Salaries, Office o Chief of ..llr The investigation which Aviation has been conducting into the ervice "------195, 000. 00 cost of aviation to the Government has brought from the Secretary Signal Corps ------.- 16~, 000. 00 of War one of the most significnnt letters on the subject of cost:B Medical DepartmenL------87, 749. 18 OrdnAnce Department------507.894.00 that bas ever been written. It is in reply to a letter written by Quartermaster Corps ------4, 0~1, 93§. gg Aviation on July 29, 1924, questioning certain figures given by General PI NAVAL APPROPRIATIONS FOR AVIATION The great change contained in this new information is the increase Aviation, Navy------$H, 655, 345.00 of $10,389,811 by the inclusion of the cost of such supplies as Liberty Printing and binding------10, 000. 00 engines that were paid for during the war. These supplies do, how Salarie ·, N VY Department------116, 708. 72 ever, represent cost, and as the Navy included an almost equal amount Pnv of the NavY------6,774,134.00 in its figures it seems proper that the Army cost should also lnilicate · Pay, Marine Corp ------666, 96;1. ~~ Provisions, NaVY------854,669.06 a similar ch.al.'ge. General Patrick was specifically asked by the com Provision , Marine Corps------131, 765. 00 mittee: "Have you any figures which will show what the total cost Ordnance and ordnance storeS------300, 000. 00 of the Air Service has been for the last fiscal year? " It should be Naval Re~erve Force------137, 32::?. 38 MnintE>nanc•"". supplies, and accounts------240, 000. 00 noted that •• cost" was asked for, and not expenditures from appro l\Iedlcal DepartmenL------50, 000. 00 priations. General Patrick said be thought that naval "appropria Transportation, Navv______56,000.00 tions" were greater than military, He was then asked: "If you have Fuel and transportation______1~,600.00 Par, miscellaneous------30, 000. 00 any means of getting the figure, I wish you would put a statement Surplus war materiaL------10, 724, 297. GO in the record showing the total amount expended for the Navy Air Service and for the Army Air Service for the last year." Mr. An Total------~------34,759,807.01 thony of the committee specifleally asked that General Patrick separate (llearinoas before Subcommittee of Committee on Appropriations "the amount of surplus property used." It will be seen that three January 7, 1924.) different words are used-" cost," "appropriations," and "expendi- :ritcluded in the $6T,241,327are the following items : Bureau of tures." • Engineering for aYiation, as testified by Admiral :Moffett be The table included tn the bearings gave the figure $28,144-,131.97 fore the Naval Subcommittee on Appropriations, $266,630.08; as the " cost of the Army Air Service, fiscal year 1{)23.'' A viatlon Bureau of Construction and Repairs for a nation, $343.301 ; questioned this figure owing to the omission of the cost of surpllli! WlU' pay of the crew of the Langley and tenders, $1,350,000; oper material that was specifically asked for, and whi-ch item made the ating cost of Langley and tenders, $227,457.89. In addition to Navy costs appear higher than those of the Army. In reply to our this it is fair to add $250,000 appropriated for the National questioning this figure, Assistant Secretary of War Davis sent us Advisory Committee for Aeronautics ; then, of cour"'e, it is only "later and more accurate data for the same year." This also was fair to add the 50,000,000 being spent for aircraft carrier . beaded "cost." It showed an error of $5,786,502.70 and reduced the Thi total amount quoted by me does not include the overhead "co t" to $22,357,629.37. (Aviation, p. 861, Augu t 11, 1924.) But charges in other departments of the Army aml Navy, such as the cost of surplus engines, DR's, and other supplies were not included. Medical, Inspector Gene1·al, Judge Advocate General, The Adju .ROW COST FIGURES V.AllY tant General, and other overheads. If all the e were included and properly itemized as they are in the British aviation, where At this point the public was given the impression that the cost of they have a united service, or as they are in the French erY the two services was as follows : ice or in the Italian service, I feel confident that the figures Naval Air Service------$34,759,807.01 would show that this Go\ernment is spending near to $100,- Army A.1r Serrice------22, 357, 629. 37 000,000 a year for aviation, and that since the war it has pent Believing that this gave a false impression, Aviation asked the War nearly a half a billion dollars for that same purpo' e. Yet Department eight specific questions, and after five months of investi General Mitchell, testifying before a committee a few days gation, correcting of errors, and making of change a new set of ago, made the startling statement that we had only 20 Army figures are now presented which presents the comparative costs, ns airplanes fit for war servire, and the testimony of the N cy follows: was to the effect that we ha.d a little over 200, I belieYe, fit Naval Alr Service ______$a4, 759,807.01 for war service. Gentlemen, does that not justify that we Army Air Service------36, 341, 276. 92 halt, that we go easy on appropriations for the coming year, In the latter figure i included the cost of surplus material given b7 take stock, examine our inventory, unite thE.'se servicE'S, create General Pah·ick in reply to our question No. 2. efficiency, and produce economy? I believe that it-does. Aviation stated (August 11, 19!!4 ) that there was an error of • At this time I want to glve credit to that energetic, liYe-wire $6,000,000 in the statement made by General Patrick to Congress, but publisher, Mr. Lester D. Gardner, the editor of Aviation, for the answer to our request as to how this error occurred reveals the the painstaking ervices which be has rendered in the research astonishing fact that the Quartermaster Department hnd ag:lln mo.de and study of the cost of aviation, No better friend of Ameri an error of $3,500,000. In other words, more than half of the " lost " can aviation than Mr. Gardner exists in the country. He has $6,000,000 had been found. Aviatian believed that the lumping of supported every effort for a better Air Service. I consider him items under the heading •• Procurement for issue" of $4,467,732.01 one of the best experts on Government aviation in the country, should .be more explicit. This information is suppUed in answer to and I am sul'e Mr. Gardner is convinced that a united Air question 6. Sernce is absolutely essential for the best interests of the coun Under the general headlng of " Experimental and research work " try and for the development of the Air Service. was a lump sum of $2,927,160..72. An itemization of this figure shows To further illustrate the confu ed condition of our aviation that $1,828,353.34 wa.s spent :tor the pa.y of ctvman personnel. But activities, not only is it possible to get accurately the total the most curious item to be included under such a head ls the payment cost of aviation to the country, but it is impossible to get to an inventor under the bea.d "Christmas patent" of $62,500. If accurate figures from any one department. I will read, al this is for •• experimental and research work" it seems a remnrkable though it is quite lengthy, an article appearing in this week's ext£>nsion of tbe terms. Aviation, showing that in reply to an inqniry as to the total Equally interesting is the confirmation of the fact that in the fiscal expenditures of the Army three d.i.fferent statements were year 1924 only $141,904 was spent fo:r new engines. This bldicates made, and the last statement is given as only appro:rimately a lack of coordination in production flow somewhere. 1925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1397
LETTER FROM SECRETAI!Y WEEKS Answer. The following tabulation shows the difference between the The letter of the Secretary of War indicates how carelessly the two statements: costs of our air services to our Government have been handled here tofore. It has been the purpose of Aviation, in continuing this in General Second vestigation, to bring out the point that no one in the Government Patrick's statement Item statement sent to you knew exactly what our aviation was costing, that there were no accu sent to you July 28, rate figures available for the public, and that those interested were • June14, 1924 1924 entitled to a clear itemized statement of the huge sums being expended for our air services so that results could be comp-ared with costs. Subsistence of the Army______$1, 137,291.00 There follow three statements : First, the letter from Secretary 8 $139, 892. 33 Weeks; second, the answers to the eight questions asked by Aviation; 710. ()() Incidental~~:gs~t~ expensesUii)a"ie--_-~~~~~======~===~= ... _____ ; ______------= ~{~291.; ~~623. 00~ and third, a table giving detailed exp-lanations of all errors and 24..00 Army transportation._------1, 140,971.00 255.566.85 changes: Water and sewers______128,843.00 13, 815. 9.3 WAR DEPARTMEXT, Barracks and quarters______226, 693.00 .9, 937.60 Barracks and quarters, Philippine Islands______li\, 810.00 Washington, D. 0. Roads, walks, wharves, and drainage______33,895.00 7, 831.08 Mr. LESTER D. G.1RDXER, Shooting galleries and ranges______1, 678.00 President 'l'he Gardner, Moffat Co. (Inc.), Construction and repair of hQ8Pitals______35,906.00 5i2. 27 Increased compensation ___ ------44,678.00 ------!25 FoUt·th .A~;enue, Neto York City. Buildings and facilities of a>iation stations, etc., Army_------33,529. 26 1\Iilitary post exchanges __ .. _____ ------______------DEAR Mn. GARDNER: Your letter of July 29, 1924, to the Ron. D. F. 1 7. 40 Davis, .Assistant Secretary of War, requesting information regarding Total ______. ___ ..... _____ ._. ______.. ----_. __ _ •• 041, 938. ()() 502,066. H certain differences between statements furni hed you concerning Air Service expenditures and asking for fuller details of same was for See also item 6 with explanatory remarks and revised statement on warded to the Chief of Finnnce with directions to make a complete accompanying table. answer to same. In order to do this it was necessary for bim to make " Question 4. What reduced the pay of the Army item $10,450,000 to a detailed examination of vouchers, hence the uelay in making reply. • 7,985,424.601" The results of his investigation appear on the attached table showing Answer. See item 7 with explanatory remarks on accompanying the two statements furni bed you, their differences, with brief explana table. tot·y remarks, and the final and revised statement for the fiscal year 1923. There are also attached hereto the answers to your numbered "Question 5. On page 952 (ibid.) General Patrick testified that questions. $400,000 was expended for helium in 1923 and 500,000 in 1924. l"n der what heading is thls included in the recent tables?" It will be seen that the statement sent you on July 28 concerning Answer. These amounts are included respectively in the amotmt of 1923 was erroneous in that it did not include all ot the items shown in the first statement. This was due to a misunderstanding as to what $727,359.15 and $ 67,0il.18 under heading "supplies" in the t nlJle referreu to which was the second inclosure to letter of July 28, 1!1~4. items should be included. In correcting this the first statement, which was an estimate, has also been corrected, the final result appearing on " Question 6. In 1924 $4,467,732.01 is under 'procurement for is. UP.' the table under the heading "Revised statement." $3,360,261.08 is listed for aircraft. Can ke ha1e a further itemization of the difference? " Regretting the necessary delay, but trusting that the information given will be satidactory, I remain Answer. This difference is analyzed by the Chief of Air Service as follows: Yours very truly, Under procurement for issue in 1924, ~3 , 360,261.08 is listed for air JOHN W. WEEKS, Secretat·y of War. craft out of a total expended of $4,467,132.01. The difference of [Inclosure] $1,107,470.03 is made up of the following amounts: The following information is in reply to the numbered questions in Corps of Engineers ______your letter ot July 29, 1924: $6, 211. 8~ Chemical Warfare Service ______: ______5,866.8~ " Question 1. The Navy (p. 525, .App. Comm. Ilearings, Navy Dept., 1925) gives about $990,000 for provisions for the Bureau of .Aero .Air ~~ errice nautics in 1923. Does the figure in your tables for 1923 for quarter Airplanes, repair and alteration oL _____ $107, 93~. 04 Airships and balloons, repair anu altera- master of $502,066.74 cover .the same general items?" tion ot______47, 14R. ~0 Answer. No. The corresponding figure for Army aviation in 1923 is Engines, repait· and alteration oL______187, 650. 15 included in the amount reported under " Quartermaster Corps" in my Instrumentsalteration andoL ______accessories, repair and _ letter to you on June 14 and also appears in the accompanying table in 53, 98!). ,)~ Hangars. repair and nltera tion ______m.R6n.fl ~ the column headed " Correet statement," the specific amount being Minor items------·---- 7,30U. 3!) $1,137,201. This item appears in an wer to question 3 (post). 1,095,39~. 23 "Question 2. The Navy (ibid.) includes $10,724,297 as surplus war 1,107,470.93 material used in 1923. How is this item incluued in your 1923 figures? If not, what was the value of surplus war material used?" "Question 7. 2,9:27,160.72 is gi>en under 'Experimental and Re [NOTE.-General Patrick, in his article in CuiTent History Magazine search.' May we have an itemizeu statement of the main expendi dealing with the cost of war aviation, deducted the value of the sup tures under this head? " plies on hand, such as Liberty engines, and made public the figures Answer. The following reply of the chief of Air SPrTice is quotPd : with the statement that the supplies on hand were as et . If they are Itemized statement of the amount given untier " Experimental and deducted from war cost, they should be included in present cost , as is Research" as follows: done by the Navy. Otherwise a false impression will be given the Medical research------$7,310. ;;!) public.] Pay of civilian personneL ______:______1,823,33:!. 34 Travel of civilian per onneL ______2:1,000.110 .Answer. The following reply of the Chief of .Air Serrice to this Experimental and research (supplies, equipment, etc.) __ 98 ,537. 7 queE> tion is quoted : Printing equipment_ __ ------ 9,4:3!). 9:::! " The figures appearing in the statement inserted in page 903 of the Christmas patent------ 62,500. 00 Transportation of supplie ------'- 5:::!0.00 bearings on War Department appropriations bill for 1925 conducted by License fees ______------______: ______12,500.00 the Ilouse .Appropriations Subcommittee gave the cost of the Army .Air Service for the fiscal year 1923 from current appropriations and do not 2,!)27,160. 72 include the value of surplus war material issued. The value of surplus " Question 8. Was only $141,904 used for aircraft engines uuring war material issued in fiscal year 1923 is approximately $10,389,811. 1924? If so, how is the cost of Liberty engines accounted for? .·\. The unit prices used in computing this figure have been derived from war co t or present cost? " war contract costs. All of the war surplus ail·planes and motors issued Answer. The Chief of .Air Service states that 141,904 wa s ex had to be reworked in varying degrees, and the cost of such work is pended for new aircraft engines in fiscal year 1924. Ko contract were refiected in the figures given for the expenditures under the current let during the fiscal year 1924 for the reworking of war surplus en appropriations for the fiscal year 1923.•' gines. It should be further noted, however, that the statement in "Question 3. What were the . costs included in General Patrick's question does not purport to give the co t of war materials utilized, figures for the Quartermaster Corps of $4,041,000 and left out in the inasmuch as it gives only actual expenditures of funds from the appro latter tables, making the figures $502,066.74?" priations considered. '-TANU.ARY 7 I 398 CO~ TGTIE~SIO.L TAL RECORD-ROUSE
Tabulation showing strdements [urnishtd, their difftTencu with ezplanatortt rema.rlrs, and a rtvi8ed stat~nt
Increase or Revisad statement First Second decrease of (appro:rl Items statement statement second Explanatory remarks statement ruately June H, 1924 July 28, 1924 correct) _.- over first $12, 648, 357. 41 1. Air Service------~ 218 949. Hi 2. alftries, Office Chief of 1 Air Service. 162,000. ()() 3. ~ign!ll Cm·ps ______162,000. ()() 162,000. ()() ----=11 ~ 500:46- -iflie -dillei-elice-iii -iliii_ca_e_ IS -caused -t,-y -an-error -iii -oiiiit'ting- r!oill- iii&- 89,281.27 ~. Medical Department______87,749.18 70,188.72 second statement two items, totaling $19,012.55, viz: Costs at stations other than flying fields ______$16, 296.36 Cost to appropriation "Hospital care, Canal Zone gar- risons"------2, 776.19 . The first statement which W88 an estimate, also omitted small sums totaling $1,512.09. The revised statement is shown. 667,854.. 00 + 159, 960. 00 The second statement carefully compiled by the Ordnance Department 667,854.00 li. Ordnance Department_ __ ~ 507,894.00 shows that the following items were omitted from the first, whi".h was only an estimate: For manufacture and experimental work of machine guns, accessories, etc., increased by ______$107,271.00 Storage and issue (omitted) __ ------2 , 386.00 Transportation Air Service property, etc. (omitted)----- 16, 4~. 00 Fuel and gasoline (omitted)______2, 373.00 ' Maintenance of.fiying fields increased by______5, 505.00 159,900.00 4, 075,654.66 6. Quartermaster Corps ___ -__ .4, 041, 938. 00 502,066.74 -3,539,871. 26 An error was made in this item. The first statementhan estimate, was fairly accurate and should not have been changed; t ere were omiUed from it, however, two items amounting to $33,716.66, viz: Buildings and facilities at aviation stations, -etc ______$33,529.26 ' Military post exchanges______187.40 The second statement is also in error in that it only shows ~penditures from quartermaster appropriations for the exclusive use of the Air Service and does not include the pro rata share of tha .Air Sen-ice from other quartermaster approJ?riations. The revised statement is shown. In explaining this difference 1t should he stnt.cd that costs of pay of the 7, 9851424.60 7. Pay Army_------10, 4591 715. 00 7, 985, 42!. 60 -2,474,290.40 of the Army are not kept by branches, and that the figures in the first state- 1 ment were a hurriedly prepared estimate in response to a request from the congressional committee. There is no record to show bow these I figures were arrived at. The To aL ------28, 144, 1"31. 971 22, 357,629.37 ! -5,786,502.60 ------25,951,405.92 ~~~'l~~~~~~:;~~fe but we can not stop progress just because we have Liberty MB-3. It is the present standard pursuit plane and all pursuit motors on hand. I would be willing to give a Liberty motor squadrons are equipped with it. away to any individual or any concern who can furnish the Orenco D's: F1fty were ordered in 192o- at a cost of approxim':ltely Government with the assurance that they will build a motor $11,600 each ~ This was a single seater pursuit plane which has around it. been obsoleted and taken out of service. While we have spent several million dollars for planes,_the PW-5's: Ten of these were ordered in 1922 at a cost of about orders have been spa modic, uncertain, and a sound permanent $10,400 each. This is a single seater pursuit plane of high perform industry has really not been developed. The system of the ance. departments.. each having its. favorites, to permit one concern PW-8's: Twenty-five of these have just been ordered (1924) at a cost to develop a plane, to buy that plane and a few more perhaps of $16,000 each. This is a single seater, steel fuselage, pursuit plane from the original firm designing it, and then placing the order showing the highest performance yet obtained. for duplicates to mushroom, small organizations, without heavy :MB-2's: Twenty of the~e were ordered in 1920 at a cost of approxi overhead engineering expense, has been hardly fair. At tllis mately $53,000 each. This is- a short distance night bomber, dual stage of the industry we should continue, of course. our com engine, capable of carrying 2,000 pounds of bombs. petitive system of bidding, but the work should be divided as NB-Sl's: E\ghty-five of these were ordered in 1921 and 25 in 1922 at equally as possible among such concerns.. as are able to guaran~ an average cost of approximately ~23,000. This is an improvement on tee to the Government that they have the capital, the engineer the MB-2 mentioned above and is used for bombing. ing ability, and the experience necessary to do the work. The GA-X's: Ten of these were ordered in 1920 at. a cost of approxi system of sending out bids and then modifying the contract mately 46,000 each. This plane is a three seater, armored, dual afterwat'Os should be discontinued. The system of sending out engined, ground attack plane. bids for a few planes with the inside information that a greater The "OwZ" is a-- giant bomhing plane purchased in 1920 at a cost number is to be ordered should likewise be discontinued. In of $138,000. This plane 'is capable of lifting 4,000 pounds in bombs. other words, we should establish the policy that no one any NB-L-1: This plane was ordered in HJ20 at a total cost of longer is going to get something for nothing because he happens $351,000. It is the largest bomber built in the- United States and is to be selling aviation equipment. The Government should treat capable of carrying_ 10,000 pounds in bombs. the industry fairly and has the right to expect the industry to treat the Government fairly. After a great deal of difficulty VE-7's: s~ven of these planes were ordered in 1921 at a cost of I have succeeded in obtaining the various types of planes SJj,OOO each. This is a two seater training airplane of high per ordered by the Army and Navy from private manufacturers, formance. .the amount expended on each, the amount of the order, showing VE-9's: Twenty-seven of these were orderPd 1n 1922 at a cost of the original contract cost and changes in the contract price approximately $9,100 each. This is an improvement over the VF..--7 subsequently made. I have purposely held these figures for mention{'d above. some time in order not to embarrass any particular manufac TA-3's: Ten of these were ordered in 1922 at a cost of approxi turer or to make public what might be deemed private business mately $8,100 each. This is a primary training plane equipped with information. All work, however, with the Government is public; an. air-cooled motor and was purchased for sen-ice test. all of these orders included in the list which I have, I have TW-3'e: 'l'wenty of these were ordered in 1923 at a cost of about been informed. have been delivered, so that no manufacturer, $8,000 each. This is a primary train.lng plane with water-cooled individual, or company can in any way be embarra sed by the motor and teel fuselage. publication of these figures. They are illuminating; they show 1-fessenger airplanes: Six of these were ordered in 1921 at a cost first the manner in which small orders were given, the increases of approximately $4,300 each, and 20 were ordered in 1922 at a made after the contract was awarded, as well as the total cost of about 3,500 each. Thls is a small messenger plane eQuipped amount spent by the Government for eq_uipment, other than with air-cooled motor, capable of landing in 'en· small fields .. that manufactured in Government plants. Please follow these Loening seaplanes : Eight of these were ordrred in 1923 at a cost figures: of about $13,500 each. This is a high-speed, duralumin-body sea WAR DEPART:\IIJXT, plane used for rescue purposes at stations on the water. Washington, September 18, 1923. Transport airplanE's : Ten of these were Oi'dered in 1023 at a cost Bon. F. H. LAGUARDIA, of 12,700 each. This is a plane designed for tmnsportation of i!i6 Fifth Avenue, New York Oity, N. Y. supplies and personnel. My DEAR CONGRESSMAN : In reply to your letter of July 18, asking In addition there have been a number of experimental airplanes. for certain information in regard to the procurement of aircraft by the built for· development purposes, such as the Curtiss, Verville-Sprrry, Army Air Service, the following is furnished you: and 'fhomas-Morse special speed planes~ The appropriations for the four fiscal years since the close of the The following airships haV"e been purchased since the war: war are as follows: AA pony blimp: 'l'wo of the:::e were purchased in Hl20 at a total 19 20------~--~------$25,000,000 cost of 51,500. This is a small airship of approximately 38,500 19j1------J------1n22 ______19,20o,ooo~3,000,000 cubic feet. 1923 ______12,700,000 Roma: This was purchased in 1920 from the Italian Government at a cost of $194,000. It was a large semirigid airship with a ca The following types of airplanes have been built, or are building, pacity of 1,200,000 cubic feet. since the war : Remodeled DH-4s : These planes have been changed from the war Coastal airships: Three. of these were purchased in 1920 at a total produced model by moving the pilot's cockpit back of the ga oline tank cost of $264,000. The capacity is about 180,000 cubic feet. and mo>ing the landing gear forward several inches, thus providing a.. Pony blimp : Two of these were purchased in 1921 at a cost of plane somewhat safer than that made during the war. This plane is $47,000. This ship has a capacity of 37,500 cubic feet. used for observation, light bombardment, and general utility. The Military airship: This was purcha-sed in 19.21 at a cost of $147,000. cost of remodeling varies from about $1,100 immediately after the war This ship has a. capacity of 180,000 cubic feet. I to $2,300 at the present time, the increase being due chiefly to deterio U. S. M. B.: This ship was purchased in 1921 at a cost of $34,000. ration in the pHmes, which requires more repair work. La.rge numbers Its capacity is 47,500 cubic feet. have been remodeled by this method. In addition, 50 were remodeled Towing airship : This airship was purchased in 1921 at a cost of 1n 1923 and 100 in 1924 by rebuilding with a steel fuselage at a cost $45,000. Its capacity is 40,000 cubic feet. of $2,400 each. Further rebuilding of the DH-4s will be according to TC's : Three of these were purchased in 1922 at a cost of $8~,000 this plan. each, and three more in 1923 at a cost of $45,000 each. These ships XB-1A's: Forty-two of these were ot·dered in 1920 at a cost of about are twin-engined training ships of capacity of about 200,000 cubic '12,300 each. This is a two-seater corps observation plane. feet. SE-5A's: Fifty of these planes. have been built since the war with A's : Two of these were ordered in 1922 at a cost of $72,000 each. certain improvements over the war-produced model at a cost of about They are twin engined with a capacity of about 130,000 cubic feet. I,4 ,000 per plane. They are being used for training purposes at the RS-1. This ship w.as ordered in 1922 at a cost of $475,000. It is Iadvanced flying school. a long-range reconnaissance airship, semirigid, with four Liberty MB-3's: Sixty~two of these were ordered in 1920 at a cost of approxi motors, and has a capacity of about 665,000 cubic feet. • • • mately $15,000 each. This is a single-seater pursuit airplane. Sincerely yours, :MB-3A's: Two hundred of t.llese were ordered in 1921 at a cost DWIGHT 'l'. DAVIS, I of approximately $7,600 each. This is an improved and strengthened Acting Seet·etarv of War. -- J)_400 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3"ANUARY 7 ~ ------~------~------' ·1jtate1nent of obligations incru·red 'b1J United States A1·my Air Service Statement of obligations incun·ea b1J United States Army Air Ser-tice under contmcts for airplanes, airships, and balloons, place(£ wi-th under contracts (o1· airplanesl airships, and balloons, placed with , contracto1·s indicated below dut i.ng the perioa of .ftdy 1, 1919, to contmcto1·s indicatea beloto a~t7·ing the perioa of July 1, 1919, to June 30, 1923 June 80, 1923--Continued ------~,------~------~------~------, Contractor 1920 1921 1922 1 1923 Total Contractor 1920 1921 1922 1923 Total Aeromarine Plane Glenn L. Martin Co. $1,253,982.62 -----····--- $12, 127. 63 ------·----- $1, 266,110.25 & Motor Corpora- Ordnance Engineer- tion ______$229,151.75 $183,150.00 $693,970. SO------$1,106,272.55 ing Corporation___ 228,488.00 ------228,488.00 .Airships Manufac· Thomas-Morse Air- 1 turing Co ______------·----- 84,542.30 ------·---- $133,494.00 218,036.30 craft Co ______1, 209,248.92 $18,600.00 167,462.00 ------I, 4.25, 310.92 B. A. T. Co., Wittemann Aircraft through M. A. qo______351,000.00 ------93,975.00 $86,080.00 531,055.00 London ______------9, 600.00 ------9, 600.00 Uruted States Navy Eoeing Airplane Co. 686,120.631,836,485.47 92,645. 70 172,663.89 2, 787,915.69 Department._____ 264,400.00 54,000.00------318,400.00 Chance V o u g h t CorporatioiL------13,965.00 84,966.00 277,293.35 ------376,224.35 Total ______·- 7, 193,471. 27 5, 904,830.85 4, 003,903.8811,346,464.8918,448,670.89 Consolidated Air- craft Co._------182, 500. 00 182, 500.00 Connecticut A i r - Btate"!'-ent sho1ofng total appropriation tor Army aviation and amount craft Co ______------33,660.00 6, 400.00 ------40,060.00 obltgated, by fiscal years, tor aircraft, engines, accessories, etc., from Cox Klemin Air- July 1, 1919, to June so, 19iS craft Co.. ------56,500.00 53,800.00 110,300.00 Curtiss Aero & Motor Corpora- tion ______733,513.021,303,686.67 246,000.00 90,000.00 2,3i3,199.69 Engines, in Doyton-Wright Co.. 847,005.36 130,757.70 109,837.06 15,800.00 1, 103,400.12 struments, parachutes, Eberhart Steel Fiscal year Appropriation New aircraft Total Products Co ______------234,128.74 ----·------234,128.74 combat, 0. Elias & Bro. photo equip (Inc.)_------_ 65,600.00 ------170,000.00 ------235,600.00 ment, etc. .Anthony H. G. Fok- ker______------101, 27L 93 245,600.00 74,519.00 421,390.93 Oallaudet Aircraft 1920.------$25,000,000.00 $7, 193,471. 27 $1,874,465. 90 $9,679,254. 62 Corporation______239,697.85 388,624.39 88,839.68 86,080.00 803, 24L 92 192L. ------33,000,000.00 5, 904,830. 85 4, 485, 583.32 10,390,414. 07 Goodyear Tire & 1922.------19,200,000.00 4, 003,903. 88 2, 169, 666. 71 6, 173,570. 59 Rubber Co ______51,500.00 214,048.00 879,351.85 86,511. ()() 1, 231,410.85 1923 ______12,700,000.00 1, 346,464.89 1, 679,938.92 3, 026,403.81 lluff-Dalnnd Co ___ _ 35,000. ()() ------15,000.00 30,000. ()() 80,000.00 Total ______89,900,000. 00 18,448,670.89 10,209,653. 95 28, 658,324.84 Italian Government. 194,000.00 ------194,000.00 J. L. Aircraft Co ____ _ 100,000. ()() ------100,000. ()() For experimental planes L. W. F. Engineer- built by engineering ing Co______458,848.121,217,852.72 212,000.00 147,757.00 2,036,457.84 division, McCook Lawrence Sperry Field, July 1, 1919, to Aircraft Co______139,000.00 77,085.67 187, 155. 83 53,800.00 457, 04L 50 June 30, 1923 ______------1, 103,185.89 1 Loening Aero En· gineering Corpo- Total______89,000,000.00 ------1------29,761, 510. 73 : ration______92,950.00 136,500. 00 215,616.24 133,360.00 578,526.24 Aircraft ordered by United State& .drmv Air Service FISCAL YE.A R 1920 1 ~ . Contract Total obli Original con Termination Contractor Description tract cost gations to Remarks June 30,1923 date No.I Date Airplanes I 6682 Aug. 22,1919 L. W. F. Engineering Cor- 75 Remodeled DH-4 air- $74,812.50 $88,812. 50 July 20,1920 Increase due to changes. poration. ------planes. 5871 Sept. 30, 1919 ____ .do .. _------6 ------_____ do ______------8,985. 00 8, 985.00 Nov. 21, 1919 5889 Jan. 13,1920 _____ do ___ ------47 -·---- 63,450.00 87,850.00 Oct. 26,1920 Do. 7023 Feb. 21,1920 ____ .do ___ ------13 ------_____ do ______20,605.00 20,605.00 Aug. 3,1920 7045 Mar. 25, 1920 _____ do ___ ------6 ------____ .do. ____ ------8, 100.00 8, 100.00 Nov. 8,1920 7037 Mar. 9,1920 ____ .do·___ ------10 Same as above, equipped 86,000.00 106,000 00 Jan. 26, 1921 Do. ------with twin engine Hall- Scott Liberty 6-cylinder engine. 6&!..2 Aug. 19, 1919 Thomas-1\forse Aircraft Co. 75 ------Remodeled DH-4 air- 74,812. 50 86,062.50 Sept. 30, 1920 Do. planes. 5890 Dec. 20,1919 ____ .do ______----______._-- 47 ------____ .do _____ ------63,450. ()() 63,450.00 Nov. 23,1920 Feb. 19,1920 ____ .do ____ ------______---- 41 ____ .do ____ ------__ 57,031.00 57,031. ()() Nov. 11,1920 7020 ____ .do ______-----______------265 May 16,1920 62 I Single-seater day pursuit 895,166.00 1, 002, 705. 42 Sept. 17, 1922 Do. planes, including spares. 6644 Aug. 21,1919 Aeromarine Plane & Motor 75 ------RemGdeled DH-4's air- 74,812.50 86,062.50 Apr. 9,1920 Do. Co. planes. _____ do _____ ------5892 Nov. 13,1919 ______.do do ______------47 ------63,450. ()() 63,450.00 Dec. 6,1920 7022 Jan. 12, 1920 58 ...... _____ do. ___ ------79, 692. ()() 79,639.25 Jan. 11,1921 Do• Nov. 13, 1919 Boeing Airplane Co ______48 ____ .do ______------64,800. ()() 65,028.00 June 4,1920 5888 ____ .do ______------_____ do ______Do. 7019 Jan. 12,1920 63 ------86,247.00 91,180.50 Dec. 13, 1920 Do. 272 June 15,1920 _____ do ______•• ______10 VI 3-seater ground attack 529,912.13 529,912.13 Sept. 8,1921 planes, including spares. 6887 Nov. 13,1919 Curtiss A. & M. Corpora- 47 Remodeled DH-4's air- 63,450.00 63,450. ()() June 17, 1920 tion. ------planes. 223 Feb. 28,1920 ____ .do __ ._------____ 3 IT Single-seat night pursuit 110,000.00 85,536.82 Dec. 2,1921 One plane canceled. planes. 269 June 16, 1920 ____ .do _____ ------____ ----_ 50 I Single-seat day pursuit 579,564.37 584,526.20 Apr. 3,1922 Increase due to changes. plane, including spares. 5886 Nov. 13,1919 Dayton Wright Airplane 48 ------Remodeled DH-4 air- 64,800.00 65,796.24 Oct. 25,1920 Do. Co. planes. ' 7018 Jan. 12,1920 _____ do_ ••• ------64 ------Remodeled DH-4 air- 87,552. 00 217,171.93 Nov. 18,1921 Increase due to changes and in- planes, 48equipped with stallation of engines. 3()()-horsepower Hispano engines. 274 June 28,1920 _____ do______42 X Corps observation air- 563,890.10 564,037.19 Jan. 24,1922 Increase due to changes. _.. ____ 6643 Aug. 21, 1919 Gallaudet Aircraft Corpo- 75 R~~~d:i~clu~¥f~pal~: 74,812.50 86,062.50 Sept. 17, 1920 Do. ration. _____planes. do ____ • ______5891 Dec. 23,1919 _____ do______47 ------63,450.00 63,450. ()() Oct. 18, 1920 7021 Feb. 20,1920 _____ do______60 ------_____ do ____ ------82,320. ()() 82,085.35 Oct. 25, 1920 7095 June 10,1920 _____ do______6 ------_____ do _____ ------____ 8, 100.00 8, 100. ()() Nov. 8,1920 7101 June 9,1920 L. W. F. Engr. Corpora- 1 ------Giant bombardment plane 138,275. ()() 138,495.62 Sept. 30, 1920 Do. tion. "Owl."· 7105 June 30,1920 J. L. Aircraft Corporation. 3 ------Metal monoplanes, 2 en- iOO, 000.00 100,000.00 Nov. 4,1920 gines and spares. 222 Jan. 26, 1920 Ordnance Engr. Corpora 2 vn 2-seater Infantry liaison 123,500.00 123,500.00 Apr. 28,1921 tion. airplanes. 1 Percentage of increase, 18/cr per cent. J -- 1925 CONGRESS! ON AL RlJCORD-HOUSE ·1401 Aircraft ordaed In; United Statts Armv Air 8ervice-continue - ~ Contract Nom- Total obll- Contractor Type Description Original con- Termination ber tract cost gations to Remarks No. Date June 30, 1923 date ' - Airplanes ·- 252 Apr. 23,1920 Ordnance Engineering Cor- 3 I Single-seater day pursuit $97,500.00 $94,500.00 Mar. 31, 1922 poration. planes. Deduction on account deficiency. 131-D Feb. 12,1922 .•••. do ••• _------· ...... Royalties on 60 Type_ I 10, {88, 00 10, 4.88. 00 Feb. 1,1922 ------planes, built by Curt1ss A. & M. Co., on con- tract 269. 242 Apr. 20, 1920 Lawrence Sperry Aircraft II Messenger torpedo air- 139,000.00 139,000.00 Nov. 16,1922 Co. ------planes. Covers cost of automatic control. 244 Apr. 10,1920 Loening Aero Engineering 8 I Single-seater day pursuit 90,000.00 92,950.00 Jan. 31,1922 Corporation. planes. Increase due to changes. 279 June 23, 1920 Witteman Aircraft Corpo- 2 XIII Long-distance night bom- 375,000.00 351,000.00 ration. bardment, including ------Awaiting termination; 1 bomber spares. canceled; covers cost of tools, jigs, static tests, spares, and semiproduction drawings. 285 June 1,1920 Huff-Daland & Co •.••••••• 3 XIV 2-seater training airplanes. '35,000.00 292 June 28, 1!!20 G. Elias & Bro. ______35,000.00 Dec. 28,1921 3 XIV .. __ .do._------__ ----- 65,600.00 65,600.00 Aug. 2,1921 207 Aug. 26, 1919 Chance Vought I Corpora- 1 XV 2-seater training airplanes, 13,965.00 13,965.00 .!.pr. 2-,1920 tion. including spares. 277 June 9,1920 Glenn L. Martin Co ••••••• 20 xn Short-distance night bom- 1, 192, 607.81 1, 253, 982. 62 Mar. !1,1922 bardment. Increase due to changes. TotaL.------···· ------1>, 683, 671. ZT ------··----- . Air3hips -7050 Apr. 9,1920 Goodyear Tire & Rubber 2 A.A. Pony blimps, tractor type. 45,600.00 Co. 51,500.00 Feb. 25, 1921 Do. 7103 June 30, 1920 Italian Government ______1 Italian semirigid airship ZJ6, 000.00 194,000.00 Oct. 17,1921 --·--· "Roma." 721003 U. 8. Navy Department____ Coastal airships ______------3 ------264,400.00 264,400.00 Dec. 30,1920 Total. __ ------· ------.. ----- ... ------~ 87~ 200. "I 009, 000. 00 Total, fiscal year 1920 ------7, 193,471. ?;7 FISCAL YEAR 1921 J Alrplanu 354 Mar. 15, 1921 Aeromarine Plane & Motor 3 IV Single seater armored pur $99,000.00 $99, 000. 00 Dec. 29, 1922 Corporation. suit planes. 327 Nov. 18,1920 ..••. do ___ .------60 ------Remodeled D. H-4 planes. 84,000.00 84, 150. 00 Oct. 20, 1921 Increase account additional re pairs. Sept. 2, 1920 B . .A.. T. Co., through M.A. 1 Bantam airplane, 1 Wasp 9, 600.00 9, 600. 00 Dec. 16, 1920 London, England. .. engine, 2 sets spares. 346 Dec. 20, 1920 Boeing Airplane Co ______3 VI 3-seater ground attack 239,450.00 178,500.00 planes. Awaiting termination I; plan 365 Apr. 8,1921 _____ do______200 I Single-seater day pursuit canceled. 1, 583, 741. 12 1, 657,985. 47 June 19, 1923 Increase due to changes an1 t:> planes, including spares. provide for oversea shipment. 400 June 29, 1921 Chance Vought Co ..••••••• 7 XV 2-seater training planes, 84,966.00 84, 966. 00 Dec. 1, 1921 including spares. Increase due to changes. 321 Nov. 9, 1920 CurtL~ A. & M. Corpora 3 ------CurtiSs Eagle planes ______75,000.00 tion. 75,000.00 Nov. 9,1921 4.02 June 29,1921• ••••. dO------·------50 XII Short distance night 1, 167, 74{). 00 1, 228, 686. 67 A waiting termination; · increase bombers and spares. due to changes and to provide for superchargers. (07 June 30,1921 Dayton-Wright Co .•••••••• 8 XIV 2-seater training planes ___ _ 42,500.00 408 June 29,1921 _____ do.,------42, 500: 00 Dec. 7, 1922 3 ------Alert airplanes (air cooled). 00,000.00 88, 2!17. 70 Awaiting termination. Oct. 18,1920 A. H. G. Fokker, thtough 2 ------Monoplanes, J[okker D 5, 27L 93 5, 271.93 'jtiii6'i5;i92i' M.A., The Hague. type. 3« Dec. 4,1920 Anthony H. G. Fokker ..... 2 __ : __ _ Fokker transport airplanes 60,000.00 60,000.00 June 30, 1922 M4 ____ .do ______.•••. do------2 Single-seater armored com- 36,000.00 36,000.00 _____ do ______bat airplanes. 348 Dec. 24, 192{) Gallaudet Aircraft Corpora- 3 XI Day bombardment planes. 375,000.00 tion. 253, 000. 00 July 23, 1922 One (1) canceled. 3'n Nov. 18,1920 _____ do ______60 ------Remodeled DH-4 planes. 84,000.00 84, 624. 39 Oct. 31, 1921 Increase on account of additiona 405 June 29, 1921 _____ do ______3 I repairs. Single-seat day pursuit 119,000.00 51,000.00 Nov. 17, 192~ Two (2) canceled. planes. 325 Nov. 18,1920 L. W. F. Engineering Corp- 150 Remodeled DH-4 air 210,000.00 211, 790. 84 June 29, 1921 oration. planes. Increase on account of additional 367 May 6, 1921 .•••• do ______35 XII repairs. Short distance night bom- 948, 631. 95 1, 006, 061. 88 Awaiting termina.tion, increas bers, and spares. due to changes and provide fo Ol'ersea shipment. 379 June 18,1921 Lawrence Sperry Aircraft Messenger planes ______2.5, 500.00 Co. 6 ------44,500.00 Apr. 29,1922 Covers cost of automatic control 404 June 1921 .•••. __ .do. _____ • ___ • ______29, d0------·------6 ------24,000.00 32,585.67 ------Awaiting termination, increase on account changes. 357 Jan. 20,1921 Loening Aero Engineer 3 III Single-seater day pursuit 110,000.00 ing Corporation. 87, 500. 00 June 7,1923 One (1) cancel~d. 406 June 30, 1921 _____ do ______planes. 2 _.. do ______------______49,000.00 49,000.00 Apr. 27, 1922 370 May 24,1921 Thomas-Morse Aircraft Racing airplanes ______48,600.00 Corporation. 3 ------48, 600. 00 Dec. 22, 1921 ------U.S. Navy Department. .• 1 ----- All metal single-seater pur- 9, 000.00 9, 000.00 Dec. 20, 1922 suit plane, "Dornier Type D-1." TotaL ______.:•••• : ••••••• 5, 5'!:1, 580.55 Airships 7228 Apr. 21, 1921 Goodyear Tire & Rubber 2 ------Pony blimps, 35,000 cubic Co. W,655.00 47,048.00 .Apr. 18, 1922 Increase due to changes. 7247 June 17,1921 _____ do ______feet and spares. 1 ------Military airship, 180,000 147,000.00 147, 000. 00 June 30, 1922 cubic feet. 7297 June 30, 1921 Airships Manufacturing 1 ------Twin engine, nonrigid Co. 34,896. 74 34,736.94 Dec. 30,1922 ______.A.pr. 11, 1921 U. S. Navy Department __ _ airship type U. S.l\L B. 1 ------Single engine towing air 45,000.00 4.6, 000. 00 July 27, 1922 shlp. TotaL .••••••••••••••• ------· 273,784.94 ' Percentage of d\'rresse, nine-tenths of 1 per cent. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 'JANUARY 7 Aircraft ordered bv United States Armv Air Service-Continued FISCAL YEAR 1921-continued Contract .Num- Original con- Total obll· Termination Contractor Type Description tract cost gationsto Remarks ber June 30, 1923 date No. Date ' Balloons 7153 July 30,1920 Goodyear Tire &: Rubber 1 ------Spherical free balloons, $8.000.00 I $8,000.00 Dec. 30, 1920 Co. 80,000 cubic feet capac- ity, racing type. 7181 Oct. 12,1920 -·--.do ____ ------10 Supply balloons, 5,000 12,000.00 12,000.00 :Mar. 10, 1921 ------cubic feet. 7156 July 30,1920 Connecticut Aircraft Co____ 1 ------Spherical free balloon, 4, 000.00 4,000.00 Oct. 30,1920 80,000 cubic feet capac- ity, racing type. 7263 June 15,1921 ____ .do ____ ---______---.--- 4 ...... Observation b a 11 o on s, Zl, 000.00 26,000.00 Oct. 12,1922 37,500 cubic feet, type A.P. --~-.do ______June 10,1921 4 ------Supply balloons, 5,000 cu- 3, 560.00 3,660. ()() Mar. 10, 1922 Increase due to changes. bic feet. 7262 June 24, 1921 Airships Manufacturing Co. 20 ------____ .do ____ ---- _____ ------17,960.00 17,960.00 Nov. 2,1921 7212 Feb. 8,1921 ____ .do------____ ---_---- _-- 8 Spherical free balloons, 31,845,36 31,845.36 Aug. 15, 1921 ------35,000 cubic feet. Total. __ ------.. 5, 957, 918. 10 103,465.36 ------Total for fiscal year --- .. -... ------.. ------15, 00!, 830. 85 1921. ------ FISCAL YEAR 1922 3 .Airplanes 7 3U Feb. 27,1922 Aeromarone P. &: M. Cor 25 XII Bombardment planes and $560,492.00 $601, 709. 41 In operation; increase due to poration. spares. changes; 19 planes to be de 7 livered. 389 June 16,1922 Boeing Airplane Co ______50 ------Remodeled DH-4 planes __ 98,157.92 92,645.70 Ready for shipment; increase due 7 to ~banges. 398 June 28,1922 Chance Vought Corpora 27 XV Training planes VE-9 and 277,293.35 271,293.35 In operttion. tion. spares. 624 Dec. 3,1921 Cox-Klemin Aircraft Cor 3 XV 2-seater training planes___ _ 54,000.00 56, 500. 00 May 31, 1923 Do. poration. 656 June 17,1922 Curtiss A. &: M. Corpora 2 XII Short-distance n i g h t 170,000.00 170,000.00 Do. tion. bombers. 2 ______Racing planes and spares __ 76,000.00 76,000.00 Nov. 6,1922 1~~~ ~! ZZ; ~g~ -:Aei~::Wiiie-I>:&-ii~-c-oJ::- 50 ------Remodeled DH-4 planes __ 8'9, 754. 00 Sl2, 261. 39 May 1, 1923 Increase due to changes. poration. 7403 June 20,1922 Dayton-Wright Co ______10 XIV Primary training planes, 78,460.00 81, 398. 00 May 29, 1923 Do. TA-3 and spares. 7,m June 30,1922 _____ do ______2 XV Training planes T. W. 3's __ 22,500.00 28,439. 06 _____ do ______Do. 7384 June 21, 1922 Eberhardt Steel Products 50 L Single-seater pursuit, in 166,110.00 234, 128.74 ------In operation; 36 to be delivered; Co. cluding bomb rack re contract practically complete; leases and spares. increase due to providing para· chute seats. 654 June 17,1922 G. Elias &: Bro. (Inc.) ____ _ 2 xn Short-distance n i g h t 170,000.00 170,000.00 In operation. bombers. 42119 June 30,1922 Anthony H. G. Fokker ---- I Single-seat day pursuit 10,000.00 10, 000. 00 July 11, 1922 plane. _____ do ______42120 _____ do ______do ______------1 XV 2-seater trainin~ plancs .• ~ 5, 000.00 5,000.00 548 May 29,-1022 _____ do ______3 X Corps observation planes __ 100,000.00 100,000.00 A waiting termination; delivery made. 549 May 27, 1922 _____ do ______10 I Single-seater day pursuit 130,600.00 130,600.00 A waiting termination; delivery planes, including spares. made; 2 planes canceled. 659 June 22, 1922 Gallaudet Aircraft Cor 3 X Corps observation planes __ 110,000.00 88,839.68 June 16, 1923 poration. 636 Jan. 17,1922 Huff Daland & Co ______------Remodeling 2 training 15,000.00 • 15, 000. 00 Dec. 30, 1922 planes. 555 June 17,1922 L. W. F. Engineering Cor 2 XII Short-di s t a n c e n i g h t 170,000.00 170,000.00 In operation. poration. bombers. 7388 May 23, 1922 Lawrence Sperry Aircraft 3 ---·-- Special type speed planes __ 75,000.00 98,189.65 Nov. 23, 1922 Increase due to changes. Co. 7390 May 29,1922 _____ do ______20 ------Messenger planes, air 86,664.62 88, 966. 18 May 25, 1923 Do. cooled engine and spares. 7364 Apr. 17, 1922 Loening Aero Engineering 10 I Monoplanes, pursuit type, 146,500.00 147, 116. 24 Mar. 16, 1923 Do. Corporation. P. W. 2's, and spares. 650 May 27,1922 _____ do ______Racing planes ______2 ------76,000.00 68,500. 00 Oct. 31, 1922 Deduction account performance. 660 June 17,1922 Glenn L. Martin Co ______3 XIII Long-distance night 332,000.00 12, 127. 63 ------A waiting cancellation of con· bomber. Racing planes ______tract. 651 June 5,1922 Thomas-Morse Aircraft Co. 2 ------81,000.00 76,000.00 Nov. 13, 1922 Deduction made account per '1397 June 13,1920 _____ do ______formance. 00 ------Remodeled DH-4' planes. 90,202.00 91,462.00 In operation, 40; planes deliv ered; balance of 10 to be de li>ered. 7392 June 26, 1922 Witteman Aircraft Co ____ _ 50 ------Remodeled DH-4 planes .. 87,500.00 93,975.00 In operation. Practically com plete; awaiting shipment; in crease due to changes and packing. 7312 Nov. 2, 1921 L. W. F. Engineering Cor· ------Repair and reconditioning 27,000.00 27,000.00 1uly 1, 1922 poration. of giant bomber" Owl." 7312-A Apr. 5,1922 _____ do ______------Further repairs made to 15,000.00 15,000.00 _____ do ______ TotaL ______; ___ _!______:~-~~:~------______! 3,118~ ------.Airships 7413 June 26,1922 Goodyear Tire &: Rubber 8 0 .Airships, improved type __ 213,500. ()() 256,008. ()() In operation 2 ships delivered, 1 Co. to be delivered, mcrease due to changes. 74.24 June 29,1922 _____ do------~------2 A Airships, improved type 139,504.70 144,993.85 In operation 2 to be delivered; 662 June 20,1922 _____ do ______and spares. increase do to changes. 1 ------Semirigid., long range re· 475,000.00 connaisance airship and <75,000. 00 opemtion. constructed around 4- r·------,ln 300 H. P. model 12-a I Liberty engines. 1 .Percentage ot decrease, 3-r\- per cent. 1925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1403 ..- r r -rt1 - , 1 1 ~ l 1 I I I I I ..- ; I I I . - ( ' - J .Aircraft orderea ~iT United -Statu ·:Jimu Air- Senfce..:...conttnuea FISCAL YEAR 1922-continued Contract TOtal obli Num-T Original con Termination Contractor ber ype Description gations to Remarks tract cost June 30, 1923 date No. Date · .Airships-Continued 0771 Jun(} 20,1922 Goodyear Tire & Rubber 1 ---:-- High altitude spherical $3,350.00 4$3,350.00 Nov. 30,1922 Co. balloon. Total.------·-··------876,001.85 Balloon-& B9641 Jan. 26,1922 Connecticut Aircraft Co ••. 1 ------High altitude observation 6,400. 00 6, 400. 00 Nov. 23, 1922 type balloon. TotaL------9, 750.00 Total for fiscal year ------4, 003,903.88 ------1922. Total original con------·------·-···· 4, 157,988.59 "'·------tract cost. FISCAL YEAR 1923 S Airplanes 7519 June 9,1923 Boeing Airplane Co. ______50 ------Repair and remodel D H-4 $157, 500. 00 . $157, 500. 00 In operation. into DH-4B'S with steel fuselage. 7515 June 14,1923 Consolidated Aircraft Co .•. 20 XV Training planes, T. W. 182,500.00 182,500.00 In operation, to be completed 3's and spares. Jan. 15, 1924. 7499 Feb. 28,1923 Cox-Klemin A. C. Cor 25 ------Remodeled DH-4 planes. 53,800.00 53,800.00 In operation. poration. . 640 .Apr. 27, 1923 Curtis .A. & M. Corpora- I Single seater day pursuit 00,000.00 00,000.00 In operation; 1 delivered. tion. planes. 613 Sept. 30,1922 Dayton-Wright Co .••..•••. 1 XIV 2-seater training planes .... 15,800.00 15,800.00 Awaiting termination. 625 Feb. 28,1923 Boeing Airplane Co .•...... 3 ------Redesigned D H -4 air 15,000.00 15,163.89 Awaiting termination; increase planes. due to changes. : 610 .Aug. 15, 1922 Anthony H. G. Fokker .... X Corps observation planes 74,519.00 74,519.00 In operation; includes cost of and spares. static-test model. 7498 Feb. 28, 1923 Gallaudet Aircraft Corpora 40 ·····- Remodeled DH~'s ...•... 68,080.00 86,080.00 In operation. tion. 615 Oct. 12,1922 Huii Daland & Co ••••••••. 1 XIV 2-seater training plane, 30,000.00 30,000.00 May 21,1923 and spares. 623 Mar. 10,1923 L. W. F. Engineering 10 .••••. Transport airplanes and 147,757.00 147,757.00 Do. Corporation. spares. 7501 Feb. 28, 1923 Lawrence Sperry .Aircraft 25 .••••. Remodeled DH-4's ....•.. 53,800.00 53,800.00 Do. Co. 7476 Aug. 24,1922} Loening .Aero Engineering 8 .•..•• Sea planes, Model 23, 133,460.00 133,460.00 In operation; 6 delivered; to be 7489 Oct. 21,1922 Corporation. with 3 sets spares. delivered, 2. 7500 Feb. 28, 1923 Witteman Aircraft Co...... 40 .••••. Remodeled DH-4's...... 86,080.00 86,080.00 Total ••• ------· ...•.. ------.•.. -----.. 1, 126,459. 89 Airships 611 Oct. 31, 1922 Goodyear Tire & Rubber •.•••. ------3 transmissions for semi- 67,350.00 67,350.00 In operation. Co. rigid long range recon naissance type airship; under contract 562. 7521 June 19, 1923 .Airships (Inc.) (.Airship 3 0 Airships, improved type, 133, 494. 00 133,494.00 Do. Mfg. Oo.). 200,000 cubic feet capac- Total •.••••.•••••••••..•••••.••.•.••. :~~~------·-:·---- ' -_-__- __-_- __- __-_- __-_ :, - -200-,-844-.00-l BaUoons 7504 Mar. 13,1923 Goodyear Tire & Rubber 4 ------Spherical balloons, 35,000 c:19,161.00 19,161.00 ------Do. C<>. cubic feet capacity. r-----1 :::~- ~~;-~:~·;::· ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~--~--~----~~-----~~~ ]l=~~=~::::~~==~-==-~::::~~::::~::::~~=~ 1 =1,==34=1:~::==~==1:=~=91 ~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~ ~~ 1923. Total original con------,-----·------I1, 346,301.00- tract cost. 4 To be included under balloons. I Percentage of increase, nil. From the Navy I obtained like information which I placed (B) Six charts giving characteristics, weights, and performances in the RECORD, with the exception of inclosures B, G, and H, of naval aircraft (3 sheets). which the Navy Department claims to be confidential and (C) Amount of each year's appropriation allotted for purchase of which, of course, I will not include. I am returning these aircraft. inclosures to the Navy Department in accordance with their (D) Companies which have built aircraft for the United States request. I want to assm·e the membership of this House, Navy. howeY"er, that there was really nothing of a very confidential (E) Payments made to aircraft companies since January 1, 1919. nature contained in these inclosures. Information concerning (F) 'fype, number, and unit cost of aircraft built at naval air- the type, number of planes, which has ah·eady been testified craft factory since 1919. before committees of the House, and the size and dimensions of these planes are so universally known by engineers and (G) .Aircraft under construction on Nowm.ber 1, 1923. those of us interested in aviation, that I Feally could not under (H) Serviceable aircraft as of November 1, 1!)23. stand the extraordinary precaution taken by the department. My; DEAR CoXGRESSMAN: Referring to your letter of January 23, However, in compliance with its wishes, I shall not include 1924, there are forwarded herewith eight inclosures containing data the information and am returning it, as I just stated. prepared by the Bureau of Aeronautics relative to aircraft, as re THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY, quested by you. Washington, January 81, 19t4. Some of the data contained in these inclosures is considered con Subject: Data on Naval .Aviation. fidential, some <>f it is "for official use only," and much of it should lnclosures- be treated as <;onfidential. This applies particularly to inclosures .(A) .Appropriations for Naval .Aviation since July 1! 1919• . (B), (G), and (H). It is requested that inclosures (B) and (B}, 1404 CONGRESSION .A.L RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 7 be returned to this office as soon as they have served their purpose. Companies whid1 have built aircraft/or the United States Navu since July 1, 1919-Con You will note that these inclosures have been prepared as of Novem ber 1, 1923, in order to have this data available tor congressional Quan- Date of de- hearings, this data conesponding to the date that most ot the data Company 1\Iodel Unit I tity price Date of order livery of last is cailied forward in preparation tor congiesslonal heactngs. plane Sincerely yours, EDWIN D~!iBY. G. Ellns & Bro_____ EM-L ______Do ______1 $17,000 June 2 Paumrmts made to aircraft compa1lies since JanuaT1J 1, 1919 ' Company 1919 lll20 1921 1922 1923 Total Aerial Engineering Corporation._------______---·------$76,426.09 $5,100.00 $81, 526.09 Aeromarine Plane & Motor Corporation·------$62,389.84 ------·---- $n, 092.91 151, 507. 25 180,952.84 471, 942.84 Cox Klemin Aircraft Corporation _____ ------______------______5, 000.00 33,324.48 38,324.48 Curtiss Aeroplane & Motor Corporation------:.-- 2, 581,657. 13 $86, 009.73 203, 623.05 243,764.40 1, Otil, 832. 56 5, 056, 886. 87 209,087.45 687,822.28 954,096.59 6, 000.00 383,873.78 405,873.78 R~i~K~r~~~~=~~;=~~;~~l=~=~~!:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::: :::::::::::::: !8: :: ~ 126,296.94 2, 439.71 168, 064.32 Hutl Daland & Co.------·------·------______------2, 000. 00 58,300. 00 104,956.24 165,256.24 Lol'ning Aeronautical Engineering Corporation.·-·------62,283. 26 188,798. 03 21,040. 00 262,121.29 Loughead Aircraft Corporation______48,733.58 4.8, 733.58 L-W-F Engineering Corporation·------·--·------·---·------111,011. 72 488,618. 22 Gll'nn L. 11artin Co·------·--·----- 350. 00 1, 130, 131. 58 James V. Martin (Martin Aero. Factory>------·------··------1, 332.90 45, 4'Z7. 89 Lawrence Sperry Aircraft Corporation______63, 164. 00 105, 149.47 L ewis & Vought Corporation (Chance Vought)------··-··----~------·------1, 143, 771. 64 Wright Aeronautical Corporation.. _____ ------_____ ------______•• -··---______•• 4, 002, 568. 75 Gentlemen, this House appointed a special committee to look House who have given this subject study I am sure will agree into the subject of aviation generally and certain features of with me that we must not continue longer than the present patents covering flying machines particularly. I understand fiscal year under the present haphazard, unscientific, wasteful the committee is going into this subject very thoroughly and manner. I presented the figures, which may seem tiresome and .vill soon report its findings to the House. If they are going tedious, but I wanted to have them together for the purpose of into the subject thoroughly, I am convinced that the committee, reference, as this subject will come before us from time to time. too,' will realize that we must change our policy, unite our Let us to-day take the first step by refusing the appropriation efforts, and get more for our money. Many Members of this requested for the new Dayton field, i\ithout prejudicing that 1925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE 1405 project, a.ndl when the time comes tha~ we f.!-dopt t~e ~olicy a~ 1\Ir. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman, that was a pro forma amend.. a comprehensive plan the Dayton proJect will recei\e Its day ment, and I withdraw it. court and be decided on the merits. [Applause.] 11..~ The pro forma amendment was withdrawn~ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from ..~..~ew The Clerk read as follows : York has expired. . FIXANCE DEPARTME~T Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman, I ask unammous consent PAY, ETC., OF THE ARMY to revise and extend my remarks in the RECORD. k The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from New York. as s Pay of officers : For pay of officers of the line and staff, $29,809,300. unanimous consent to revise and extend his remarks rn the Mr. HUDSPETH. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment. RECORD. Is there objection? The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Texas offers an There was no objection. . amendment, which the Clerk will report. Mr. BLANTO~. Mr. Chairman, I offer a substitute. 0~ The Clerk read as follows: page 3, line 4, strike out the words "permitted by the classi Amendment offered by Mr. HuDSPETH: Page Q, line 13, after the fication act of 1923." The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Texas offers an word " stair," strike out " $29,809,3.00" and add " $29,870,100; pro vided that $60,800 of this sum shall be used for the pay of 25 amendment, which the Clerk will report. additional chaplains in the Regular Army." The Clerk read as follows : Amendment olfered by Mr. BL.iXTOX: Page 3, line 4, strike out the Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. Mr. Chairman, I reserve a point of order on the amendment. words " permitted by the cla sification act of 1923." Mr. HUDSPETH. 1\Ir. Chairman, I am surprised that my M·r. BLANTON. Gentlemen,· attention has already been genial friend, the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. DICKINSON], called to the manner in which the salaries of emplo~ees :;re should even reserve a point of order on this amendment. I raised from a lower to a higher grade m;tder. the clas~ification would have thought he would readily accept this amendment. act. This Personnel.Board is made up of a ststa?t chtefs, ~nd His ministerial bearing and his general character upon this they immediately raise the salaries .of ~heir chie~s, knowrng, floor would indicate to me he would accept an amendment add of course, that raises of their salanes m turn mil be taken ing 25 chaplains to the Regular Army. care of. . · d" I want to call the gentleman's attention to the hearings upon I want to show you just exactly how It operat~s on m. I- a bill that is now pending before the Committees on Military viduals. I am going to name them! and I am go~g to gi\e of the House and Senate, known as Senate bill 2532 and House you the salaries. You take, for instance, the action ~f the bill 7038, in which the War Department through the Sec Personnel Board with respect to the General ~a~d Office :U .the retary of War asks for 25 additional chaplains, and I will Interior Department. Here is the colllilllsswner, William refer the gentleman from Iowa, who has made the point of Spry. His old salary was $5,000, an~ he now. gets $6,000. order upon my amendment, to the testimony taken at that The assistant commissioner, George WICka~. His old salary hearing. was $3,500, and he now gets $5,200. The chief attorney, _John It seems that Colonel Pierson, representing the War Depart McFall. His old salary was $2,500, and he n~w gets $a,200, ment, and in fact I believe the special representative of the or more than twice his old salary. You take assistant attorney Secretary of War, appeared at a joint hearing on this bill D. K. Parrot. His old salary was $2,200, and he has been introduced in the Senate by the distinguished Senator from clas ified up to $5,200, oYer double the .amount of the salary Kansas, Senator CAPPER, and in the House by the able Repre he was drawing. Take the s~cond assistant attorney,.~· V. sentative from Iowa [Mr. HULL], the gentleman's colleague. Proudfit. His old salary was ::;2,200, and he now gets $a,200. Colonel Pierson made a statement with regard to this bill You take C. S. OlJerchain. His old salary was $2,200, .an~ he at the hearing, asking for 25 additional chaplains. The Secre now gets $4,500. I challenge the Co~itt~e. on :Appropnations, tary of \Var had recommended the legislation, and this was or any member of it, to show that hiS position .Is ne~ed dow~ his special repre entative speaking at the hearing on the bill there--Mr. Oberchain's position. There are SIX chiefs of di which the gentleman's colleague had introduced. vision. The former salary was $2,000, and tlley now get $3,200, 1\Ir. BLANTON. Will the gentleman yield? a $1,200 raise. There are four chiefs of division whose fon~.er Mr. HUDSPETH. I yield to the gentleman. salary was $2,000, and they now get $3,000, a $1,000 raiSe. Mr. BLANTON. If we could confine their sernces and There were six favored pets down there who formerly drew attention to the officers, I would be in favor of increasing the from $1,800 to $2,000. They ha\e been raised to $2,700. There number by 100 additional chaplains. were four favored pets down there who drew $1,800, and they Mr. HUDSPETH. To the officers of the Army? were raised to $2,200. But when you get down to the lower Mr. BLANTON. To the officers of the Army; yes. clerks you will see where the money has come from. The ones Mr. HUDSPETH. ·we are going to confine it both to the Less favored and who ha\e not been the pets have suffered in officers and to the privates, so Colonel Pierson states, and he consequence. . tells why this is needed. You 35 men on the Appropriations Committee are gomg to Colonel Pierson states that he appears at the hearing as a have to look into that proposition. You have got to do some special representative of the Secretary of War, and furthermore thing more than make the little change o~ verbiage you put in~o he says that the Secretary of War approves this measure. I this paragraph of the _bill and in other bt~ls. Y?u must stop ~t, but you can not stop it by merely changmg this paragraph m want" to state to the gentleman from Iowa, who has made the point of order, that his colleague asked Colonel Pierson this this manner. 1\Ir. ANTHONY. Will the gentleman yield? question: 1\Ir. BLANTON. Yes. Mr. HULL. As a matter of fact, I think it is true that you have some Mr. A~'THONY. As I understand it, none of the cases to units with over 1,000 men that have no chaplain? which the gentleman has called the attention of the House are Colonel Pierson states: covered by this bill? Mr. BLANTON. I could call the gentleman's attention to I have not the data, but Colonel Axton can answer the question. some cases in this bill. Colonel Axton is the chief of chaplains in the Regular Army, Mr. ANTHONY. We should be very glad to ha\e YO"I_l d~ so. and he answered that that was true. Mr BLANTON. I have not the figures here at this tlme, We are a God-fearing and a God-loving people down on the but I. did have these others. The gentleman will find that this Rio Grande, and ·we have detachments of troops scattered up is illustratiYe of almost every one of the bureaus in the 10 and down the portion of the border which I represent of 890 departments of the Government if he will investigate i~. The miles and we have units of 1,0b0 men without any chaplains chairman of the Appropriations Committee has.. foun~ 1t ou~; to-day. I want to ask my friend, the gentleman from Iowa, he knows the facts in the case, because he has myestlgated It is the gentleman going to make a point of order against an to a certain extent. It ought to stop. T~e fir~t thing this Con amendment Which seeks to carry out the very purpose and the gress ought to do is to repeal that classification act. We are specific request of the \Var Department of his administration going to be helpless as to raises in salaries if we let it go on any through its Secretary of \Var. That ~s :What this amendment further. We should not permit this lurt;Ip-sum. appropriati.on does. It simply increases the appropnation by $60,000 for the practice to continue and permit men to rat~e thetr own sa!al'l~S pay of these additional chaplains. at will through the· appointment of subchiefs, whose action IS Then Mr. HULL asked the further question : known before they act. It is ridiculously absurd for us to let that law remain on the statute books longer. Mr. HuLL. That comes about, as I understand it [the reduction · The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Texas has in chaplains], because of the reduced condition of the enlisted personnel. We have provided for an army of 280,000, but we have -reduced it to ~xpired. - I406 CO~GRESSION.AL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 7 125,000, and, of. course, we hn.ve not the chaplains- to distribute to ~fr. McKENZIE. Did the gentleman from Iowa l'eserve his these detached units. pomt of order? I want to state to my colleague, the gentleman from Texas, Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. I reserved a point of order. that they reduced the personnel, but they reduced the number .Mr. McKEl.~ZIE. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the com of chaplains twice as much as they reduced the personnel of ~ttee, I regret very much that I have to differ with my good the Army. fnend :t::om Texas on the legislation proposed. The fact of the l\1r. BLANTON. And they increased the number of officers? matter IS that I oppose granting commissions to chaplains in 1\ir. HUDSPETH. That is what he states here, two-sevenths the ArU:Y· I do not think there is any sound military reason more than they reduced the chaplains. to be given why chaplains in the Army should not be called Mr. BLANTON. When it is the officers who need the preachers or ministers the same as they are out of the Army. chaplains? ~he m~tter of. granting commissions to chaplains in the Army M:r. HUDSPETH. Yes; and likewise the men under them. IS a mtstal~e, m my judgment, and furthermore this bill that Mr. ROSENDLOOl\1. Will the gentleman yield? my. good friend from Texas has in his hand not only proposes l\Ir. HUDSPETH: Yes; I yield. to.mcrease the number of chaplains which now grants a chap Mr. ROSENBLOOM. They do not need in time of peace the lam for each ~000 men, but it provides for an increase of number of chaplains they require in times of war. grade and rank an~ pay of these men, and also to give each Mr. HUDSPETH. The repi'esentative of the War Depart on.e. of them a.n rud, and so increases the expense of the ment says they need at present peace times 25 additional chap Military Establishment by thousands and thousands of dollars. lains. I am simply quoting the representative of the War Mr. HUDSPETH. Will the gentleman yield? Department Mr. McKENZIE. Certainly. l\fr. ROSEI\TBLOOl\1. I do not understand that. . Mr. HUDSPETH. _ My amendment only provides for increas l'lfr. HUDSPETH. I am quoting the representative of the mg the number by 2n over the present number with the present department down here. pay. Mr. O'CONJ\TELL of New York. In time of war we do not Mr. McKENZIE. Yes; but the bill to which the ""entJeman win battles with chaplains, but win battles with officers and allude~ and on which hearings were held before the enate men. Commrttee on Military Affairs provides for an increase of Mr. HUDSPETH. I want to say to my friend the gentleman rank and pay and for the aids. from New York that this representative of the War Department Mr. BLAr TON. Will the gentleman yield? ~ays that the work of the chaplain encourages the officers and Mr. 1\IcKEJ:"ZIE. Yes. men to fight through the moral and spiritual influence that a Mr .. BLANTON. In making the statement which the gentle good chaplain u ually exerts. man JUSt made, does he realize that preachers out ide of the Mr. O'CONNELL of New York. I agree with the gentleman. ~my have no access to men in the Army should the command 1\-fr. HUDSPETH. I am glad I have convinced my friend the mg officer so ordain? They are not permitted to even preach gentleman from 1\~ew York, and I will not direct my remarks t~ th.em in some places. I happen to know that down In tlle to him, but will continue to direct them to the gentleman from distn~t of my colleague, Mr. WunZBACH, in the city of San Iowa [~!r. DICKINSON]. ~t?mo, Tex:, a Baptist minister once sought to administer At this hearing Mr. HULL asked this question: sp1ntual advrce to the men there in the Army and the officer in charge prohibited him from doing so. If outside preachers Mr. HULL. What 1s your opinion as to having an organization of. 800 can not do it, ought not there to be enough chaplains in the or 900 or 1,000 young boys together without having any spiritual Army who have authority to do it? advisers? 1\Ir. McKENZIE. I must say to the gentleman from Texas Colonel PIERSON. I believe such a condition or situation is the same that I am surprised to know that there Is any such locality iu in a civil community as in a military community. the United States as the one he now speaks of. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Texas Mr. BLANTON. Well, that incident is well known to the has expired. people of Texas, and my colleague will doubtless remember Mr. HUDSPETH. Ma.y I have h\o minutes more, Mr. Chair when that. occurred~ man? . Mr. WURZBACH. Let me say that I have no knowledge of The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Texas asks unani It and never beard of it until the gentleman just spoke of it. mous consent to proceed for two additional minutes. Is there Mr. BLA.i~TON. Well, the gentleman did not then Uve in objection? San Antonio, but I thought he kept better posted as to what There was no objection. happened in his district than that. I am going to ask permis Mr. HUDSPETH. I want to state to my friend tile gentleman sion to put the names in the RECORD of the preacher and tbe from Iowa [Mr. DICKINSON] that while I am not affiliated "rith general who denied him the right to preach to the men, and any church, I belie~ very strongly in the Christian religion, as soon as I can send to my office for the data I will place and I am pretty strong for preachers, except the political same in the REcoRD at this juncture. preacher. I am strong for the old-fashioned preacher who reads Ur. McKENZIE. I know that in every city in this country his text from the Bible and stays with it. I do want to state and every community of this country you can see the spire. of that, according to the testimony of your representative who the churches pointing toward the sky. There is no place in appeared for the War Department, and also according to the this country where a man can not attend church if he feels statement of the chief of chaplains-a very distinguished gen so disposed. There is no better place for a soldier to attend tleman and a very able and a good man, Colonel Axton-the church. th~n at the various posts where they are stationed. gentleman certainly would not stand up here in the face of My obJectiOn to this, however, is that we have a sufficient that testimony and make a point of order on an amendment number of chaplains in the Army to-day to correspond to the asked by the Secretary of War and advocated by these two enlisted personnel of 125,000 men. Furthermore bear this in gentlemen. mind, that the policy of the War Department-a~d it ought to 1\Ir. HULL asked Colonel Pierson if he did not think a chap be the policy of Congress-is to see that the Military Estab lain was necessary for these isolated units of 1000 men, and lishment of our country is concentrated more than it is to-day Colonel Pierson said "Yes"; because where th~y are left to so that we will not have these little scattered posts with ~ themselves they are apt to come in contact with demoralizing con:pany or two or a battalion, but will have posts with a. influences unless there is some means provided for the neces regiment or more, and then we will have plenty of chaplains. sary advice, counsel. and direction of the soldiers' activities Furthermore, the Army of the United State may be further and for the wholesome use of their leisure time. Unless there red?ced. I hope it will not be, but why at this time attempt is that thing provided, they are very apt to spend time in un to mcrease the number of chaplains? A few vcars aao by de irable ways. legislation offered by the gentleman from Kansas· we cut !!!down There are many of these units scattered threughout this the number of Inf~ntry offi..cers, the number of Cavalry officers, cotmtry, and this amendment simply seeks to carry out the the n~ber. of Artillery officers; and while I believe in having purposes .of a. bill now pending which has the unqualified in preachmg m the Army, I say the Military Establishment sh?uld be maintained as a fighting organization above all dors~ment o~ the Secretary. of War, as shown by the statement thmgs,. and we need officers of the line more than we need o~ his special rep;·esentatn·e before the committee--Colonel chaplams or doctors commissioned in the Army. Pierson. I~ my friend the ~entleman from Iowa [Mr. Drcx 1\lr. BUTLER. Will the gentleman yield? rnso.:J desues to make a .pomt of order upon an amendment :Ur. McKENZIE. Yes. ?f .this character, .1\Ir. Chauman, I sball have to concede that It IS probably subJect to a point of order ; but the point should 1\fr. BUTLER. During the honorable career of the gentle man, ho'Y ~a~y po itions has he ucceeclell in abolishing? be withdrawn and my amendment adopted. I have tned It m the Navy and have not made a start yet. 1'925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1407 ' ~ r. :rJcKE :rziE. We have abolished a few and haT'e been· lli. ANT.HOl\~. There is no money for new construction working very hard to abolish others. I want to say to my authorized in the bill except one item at West Point. good friend from Pennsyl\ania that jf he will keep on fighting Mr. Rll~. What is allowed for Fort Schofield for the he ran reduce orne of the expenses in the Navy. repair and improvement of barracks? Mr. ~ BUTLER. How long will it take and how old will I be? l\lr. ANTHONY. There is no specific amount allowed for Mr.· McKE~ 1 ZIE. Oh, tbe gentleman will be here for 20 or Schofield barracks. They would share in the general appro- 30 years more, I hope. [Laughter.] priation of four million and some odd hundred thousand dollars 'Ur. DICKINSON of Iow.a. Mr. Chairman, I make the point for maintenance .and repair. · - of order that the number of chaplains in the organization is Mr. ~AKER. How much can the Army provide out of that fixed •by law, and this is legislation on an appropriation bill appropriation to improve the living quarters of the men and and unauthorized by law. officers at Fort Schofield, on the island of Oahu, Hawaiian Mr. BLANTO~. .'rill:. Chairman, I want to be heard on that. Islands? How can the gentleman show that this proposed increase in Mr. ANTHONY. That would be expended at the option of the number of chaplains is not authorized by law? Why are the War Depa1·tment in such places as they may deem most not the 25 with the pay as provided for in this amendment urgent. within the quota authorized by law? Does the gentleman . Nr. RAKER. Is the~·e any amount allowed for the officers know how many chaplains .he has in the .A.nny now? m charge of the submanne station at Pearl Harbor? .The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Texas will address I . :Mr .. A....\'TRO~""Y. I do not think there is anything in this bill himself to the point of order. covenng the submarine base. · 1\Ir. BI.~ANTON. I am speaking to the point of order, .Mr. ~ MI.:· RAKER. I haTe been looking for it, but I can not Chairman. The 'burden is on the gentleman to show that this nnd 1t. number doe not come within the authorization of law. 1\Ir. AN1'HONY. That would be in the naval appropriation Mr. DICKI~FION of Iowa. In the amendment of the na- 1 bill. · tiona! defense act we provide that there shall be 125 chaplains. I .Mr. .R.A:KRR. It would not .come under this bill? We now have 123. Mr. Al\'TTIONY. No. Mr. BLANTON. And one for so many officers and men? Mr. RA..trER. Before the bill gets through and goes to tha 1\Ir. DICKIN'SON of Iowa. No; this is the amendment that Senate, I am hoping that the chairman will see his way clear changed thn.t, when we cut. down the size· of the _Army under the to allow money for improvement of quarters at Fort Schofield. appropriation act of June 3(), 1.922. I bave made a number of visits at the barracks. Mr. BLANTON. We then provided for 125? The officers and· men are there with .r-ain coming down lli. .DICKINSON of Iowa. One hnndred and twenty-five. 1• through their quarters. The officers took us to their quar Mr. BLANTON. And we now have only 123? ters, ana. their women folks .have piled their clothing in :Mr. DICKINSON of ·Iowa. One hundred and twenty-three, ~e center. of the room and p~t a canvas over it to keep and you are tcying to increase it here to 1.48, something abso- It from berng destrored. Men m the ordinary walk of life lutely unauthorized by law. , would not do that. . If mr distinguished friend from Karu;as llr. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman, then there are as many as ~d. seen the condition .I know that he would be ready .and two autharized by law; and if my colleague will change his Wll1mg to even go beyond the Budget and provide quarters for amendment to embrace the salary of two of them, the point of these men at that place. order will not lie. Mr. Al.""{THO:I\TY. I would remind the gentleman that for the "Mr. HUDSPETH. I would state to the gentleman that I do last three years we have gi\en the War Department all that nrrt thiuk that would be sufficient. We nred 25, ..so the admin- it bas asked and all that the Budget .has asked for the repair of il tration c:-.ays. quarters of the kind described. The OHATRMAN. The Chair is ready to rule. The burden 1 lir. RA.KER. Then, to make the matter clear, lt is up to the of proof being upon the PI:Oponents of the proposition, and no 1 Wiir Department to furnish ~ .sufficient amount of money to proof having been presented to the Chair, the Chair sustains the put these barracks and the llvmg quarters oi these men and point of order. , officers in proper· condition. Mr. KVALE. l\ir. Chairman, I move to strike out the last 1 Mr. ANTHO~Y. It is at least up to the Wru· ..Department to word for the purpose of getting some information. Under the ask Congress for a sufficient sum of money, and if it does .not subhead ·"Pay of enlisted men" there is a proviso added that I it is its own fault. the total authorized number of enlisted men, not includinoo the :!\.1r. RAKER. I thank the gentleman for that statement Philippine Scouts, shall be 125,000. Under the subhead of ~Pay l\Ir. KYALE. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following amend- of oftieers " there is no such -prov.lso. Is the number of officers ment. as immutable as the law of the l\Iedes and Persians? I The OHAIR~IA..~..~. The Clerk will report the amendment Mr. ANTHONY. The law fixes it at not more than 12,000. The Clerk 1·ead as follows: Mr. KVALE. And that can not be changed? 1 Amendment offered· by Mr. KvALE: Page 9, line 13, after the word 1\fr. AN'£HONY. Oh, yes; you can reduce the amount appro- "staff," strike out $20,809,300 and insert in lieu tooreot the following: priated in this blll by a limitation. "$25,000,000: Pro?;·ided, That the totnl authorized number of officers 1\Ir. KVALE. But they will have a maximum number of of the line and staff, n.ot including the Philippine Scouts, shall be 12,000? 10,000." :ur. AJ';-THONY. Yes. · l\Ir. .KvALE. Why i.s not the same proviso placed here as Mr. ANTROJ\~. Mr. Chairman, I 1·es~rve a. point of order for enli~d men? on the am~ndment. I do not make a pomt of order, and ask ll:r. A ":"THONY. Because it is the desh·e of the committee for a vote 0~ it. . . to provide enough money so that they may have the full num- 1 The question :was -taken, and the amendment was reJected. ber of officers authorized oy law. The Clerk read as follows: Mr. :McKENZIE. And, if the gentleman will permit, is there I Nothing contained in this a. ct, or any other act, shall be construed not thi further distinction that enlisted men are going out of as depri>ing any commissioned officer -of the Army, Navy, or Marine the Army all .of the time and the enlisted personnel can be Corps of his right to •pay and allowances while serving on such duty re;.mlated by RPI1ropriation, whereas the officers a:re commis- t as the President may direct in the coo. rdination of the business of the sioned in the Army, not f(Jr a year or two or three years but Govemment, as now being conducted by him under the general super- for life, or so long as they behave themselves. , vision of the Director of the Bmeau of the Budget. Mr. KVALE. .what pro;edure would be nece sary to cut I Mr. CONNALLY of 'J.'exa.s. M.r. Chairman, I reserve a point down the number of o~cers · . . of order to the paragraph. J: should like to ask the chairman .Mr. ANTHO~ry. "e would have to have legislatiOn to do of the committee a question, but befo1·e doing so I should like that. I to submit a parliamentary inquiry. :.Hr .. KVALE. But we can reduce the amount of money ap- 1 The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will state his parliamen- propnate~., can we not.? . 1 tary inquiry. 1\Ir: AN'IIIO~~. It 1s -a question of whether that -would be 1 ~1r. CONNALLY of Texas. Will .asking the chairman of the held m order. It probabl:y would. committee a question \V.aiT'e the point of o1·der in any way; l\Ir. RAKER. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last otherwise, 1 shall make it now. word. Will the gentleman from Kansas give me .his attention? The CHAIRMAN. 'The gentleman can reser\e the point of It is hard to gather the information I desire from the hearings, order. but would the. gentleman advise the eommittee of the amount Mr. 00~1. .. ALLY of Texas. What is the object of this sec of money that has been allowed for barracks and im..Provement tion? How many officers does it affect and whom does it at l.l''Drt Schofield at the island of Oahu, Hawaii? affect? . 1408 CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD-HOUSE JANUARY7 Mr. Al\'"THOm. There are a number of officers in the Army trol the purf'e strings of this Nation resides in this Chamber serving in the Bureau of the Budget for the purpose, as tile and in the Chamber at the other end of the Capitol, and it is item says, of coor Mr. A..J..~THONY. Ir. Chairman, if the Chair will permit, I des:ignated to~ the performance of any service other than that strictly would like to call the attention of the gentleman from Texas within the line of hls duty as such officer." [Mr. Co... rnALLY] to page 3()5 of the House Digest and Manu~ Mr. ANTHO!\'"Y. Mr. Chn.irman, I reserve a point of order where it is stated that "Existing law may be repeated ver against the amendment. batim in an appropriation bill." That is just exactly what has Mr. BANKHEAD. If the amendment is subject to a point of been done in this bill. We repeated the same language that order, we might as well dispose of that question now, but I do was carried in the bill last rear, and I conte~d,. as. does f!lY not think it is. colleague from Iowa [lli. DICKIKSON], that 1t 1s m reality Mr. Ai.'{THONY. I make the point of order that it is new permanent law. . legislation and interferes with Executive discretion. 1\lr. CO~N.A.LLY of Texas. The language carried in the. b1ll? Mr. B~"'KHEAD. Mr. Chairman, it is certainly clearly Mr. AXTHO.i\"Y. The appropriation bill. The language Itself within the rule that it is a limitation upon the appropriation. makes it permanent law.... Here is an appropriation in the sum of $29,809,300 to cover Mr. CO:NNALLY of Texas. The appropriation bill will not the pay of officers of the Army. Immediately following that I be effectile until July 1, and this is effective after July 1, 1f propose a limitation that no part of that appropriation shall the Chair please. be paid to any officer of the Army of the United States who The CRAll~'\. Does the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. shall be assigned to any other duty than that strictly within ANTHONY] contend that the similar pro1ision in the last ap the line of his duty as such officer. In other words, it clearly propriation bill was permanent legislation? presents, by a limitation, the propo ition just suggested by the Mr. A1'"THO~~. Yes. By the language itself it is perma- gentleman from Texas [Mr. CoNNALLY], and I can not con nent law. ceile, if the Chair pleases, where it is not strictly a limitation The CHAIRJlli~. The Chair will point out to the gentle upon the appropriation authorized in the bill. That is the only man that the language did not contain the word "hereafter." proposition which would make it in order, namely, that it is a .Mr. A:''THO)."'Y. The words "or any other act" shoulu have limitation upon the amount of the appropriation. the same effec-t ; "NDthing contained in this act, or any other l\Ir. DICKINSON of Iowa. :Yr. Chairman, I would like to ...act," and so forth. suggest, in reply to the gentleman from Alabama, that there 1\I.r. BAXKHBAD. In answer to the query of the Chair, ad are numerous privileges under existing Army acts under which dresse - 1 1410 CO:NGRESSION AL R-ECORD-HOuSE 'JANU~RY 7 him. I am offering this amendment upon this theory, and 1 Comman~e: in Chief to- order any member of the Army upon ~ think it ought to commend itself to the judgment of the com an expedition of that sort as the performance of a military mittee. We have a tremenclous organization here composing duty, and I think that is what was done in that case. the Army of the United State , a \ery large officered personnel. Mr. ''AIKWRIGHT. Xo; there was nothing of a military Now, surely the original intention of Congress, properly inter natme in connection with that commi sion. · preted, was that appropriations should be made for the sup Mr. BA...,KHEAD. I am not familiar with the duties they port of the Army of the United States to perform strictly performed. What I am attempting to do here is to assert a 1 military duties. principle of action that ought to be uniform and ought to be 1 1\Ir. BARBOUR. Will the gentleman yield? re.stricti¥e. I do not know that a majority of my colleagues ' l\Ir. B.A.t'\"KHEAD. Yes. w1ll agree with me, but it seems to me that military officers 1 l\Ir. BARBOUR. Would it not be rather difficult sometimes ought to perform military duties and where there a1·e civilian : to define ju t what are strictly military dutie ? duties to be performed for the ~'ernment of the United States 1 1\lr. BANKHEAD. Well, I think the long line of interpreta ?r ~or ~orne municipal organization or for some eleemosynary!'. tions by The Adjutant General and other , whose duty it is to msbtubon, tho'"' e things ought to- be open to civil employees, and instruct the officers of the A.rmy of the United States as to that to the extent you use Army officers to perform such duties what are and what are not their duties, should not cause any you are depriYing qualified civilians of the opportunity of that very great confusion about that. emplo~- ment , and I do not think it is right. [Applause.] ' 1\lr. BARBOUR. }"or the enlightenment of the House on this l\Ir. 'W AIXWRIGHT. Will the gentleman yield for just one particular amendment, would it include river and harbor work? further question? 1 Would that be included in military duties? l\Ir. B~~'KHEAD. I want to- yield to the gentleman from Mr. BAXKHEAD. Properly construed, I think it would be; Iowa a Lo, but I yield to the gentleman. ' yes; because that is a flmction that is conferred by statute l\Ir. 'W A.I~'lVRIGHT. I have just one more question: Would upon the Chief of Engineers and would clearly be within the the gentleman carry that principle to the extent of absolutely; line of their military duties as such; but will the gentleman depri¥ing the GoYernment and the people of the United States contend that the designation of officers of the Army of the of the qualities- de-reloped by Army officers in connection with • United States for the performance of mere civil duties like the performance of their duties? those pertaining to the fiscal policy of the Go\ernment is within The CHAIR11AN. The time of the gentleman from Alabama the original conception of the duties of a military officer? ha. expired. l\lr. BARBOUR. I think some of them may very well be 1\lr. BA.!\KBEAD. ~rr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent 1 considered so. to proceed for two additional minutes in order to answer the e l\Ir. BA.l'..~HEAD. Well, I do not agree with the gentleman's questions. construction. . The CIIA.IRMA.~. The gentleman from Alabama asks unani What I want to present to t11e Hou. e and what I want to mous consent to proceed for two additional minutes. Is there give this committee a clear opportunity to expre s itself upon objection? is whether or not it is not an abuse, whether by discretion or There was no objection. by statute or by usage, of the real purpo ·e of the duties of a l\lr. B..L,KHE.AD. The gentleman from New York has asked military officer, trained and paid by the Government for the me if I would be willing to do so-and-so jn certain contingencies. I performance of strictly military duties, to have 1 or 10 or 100 All that I am attempting to do is to present my views upon I of tho e men, either by Executive order or by some sort of this particular proposition as affecting the officers of the Army precedent or by some una,uthorized appropriation bill, assigned of the United States. I think the language of my amendment to the performance of duties that are not within the line and is clear and is easily understood by the learned gentleman from scope of their employment and pay by the United States New York and can be easily interpreted in its effect. Government. I now yield to the gentleman from Iowa. I want to say to you, gentlemen, it is a matter that is being 1\Ir. DICKINSON of Iowa. The gentleman voted for the abused. We are all anxious to reduce the appropriations. We Budget bill? are all anxious and we are all trying to limit the Army of the l\Ir. BANKHEAD. I was on the committee and helped to United States in its officer and enli ted personnel to the lowest prepare the Budget legislation and voted for the Budget bill. decent maximum consistent with the public safety; and yet Mr. DICKIXSON of Iowa. The gentleman will recall in when we authorize a large number of the officers of the Army that bill there was prodsion made for the allocation of men of the United States to be assigned to the performance of from other departments of the Government to the Budget Bu- · clerical or fiscal or municipal duties, then I say that in that reau for the purpose of performing the work of that bureau. measure we are continuing unnecessary appropriations upon )Jr. BA..t.."'JrHEAD. Well, if we made a mistake at that time, the taxpayers of the United State , and Congress is the only the time po. ibly has come to correct it by this legislation. authority that can correct that abuse-if it is an abuse-and l\lr. DICKINSON of Iowa. And it will take $60,000 out of Congress has the sole function to declare what the policy shall the Public Trea. ury to pay the salaries of civil employees to be with reference to this practice. take the place of the men performing this duty. 1\Ir. WAINWRIGHT and ~Ir. DICKINSON of Iowa rose. l\Ir. BAXKHEAD. But I assert, and my whole argument is l\Ir. BA..t..~AD. I yield to- the gentleman from New York, based upon the single propo ition, that military m~n should who ro e first. perform military duties and that civil employees should be em- l l\lr. W AIN'\VRIGHT. Would the g~ntleman apply that rule ployed to perform civil duties for the Government of the to the relations between all departments of the Gm·ernment? United States. [Applau ·e.] l\lr. BANKHEAD. We are not discussing at this time any Mr. SL'MMERS of Wa hington. Mr. Chairman, I rise in op thing except the relations of the officer of the Army to the position to the amendment offered by the gentleman from Ala-: Government. bama. , Mr. WAINWRIGHT. And the gentleman would say there I que tion \ery seriously whether military men should be is some peculiar reason why an officer of the United States limited wholly and always to what the gentleman chooses to Army who has developed-- con. ider military dutie . If they have a little experience to; l\1r. BANKHEAD. I take the po ·ition that an officer of the broaden iliem out and gi¥e them some practical training akng United States Army as well as of the Navy of the United other lines, it i sernng a very good purpose. The ruling of· States or the Marine Corps ought to perform tl1e functions for the Chair a moment ago, which may be justified under parlia-· which he is commissioned and none other. If there are civil mentary precedents, is going to cost the Treasury, if these 26: duties that ought to- be performed certainly the Government men allocated from the Army are drawing an a¥erage salary of can afford to secure men who have the capacity and character $4,000 a rear, $104,000 a year, and the Army is going to be no · to perform duties of that nature. better off than it would be if these men got some practical busi-' 1\lr. W.A.INWRIGHT. l\lay I ask the gentleman another ness h·aining in this way. . question? Mr. BEGG. Tbe gentleman is coming 'right to the critical Mr. BANKHEAD. I will be glad to yield to my friend. point, it seems to me. What is the annual salary of the Army, l\Ir. WAINWRIGHT. Would the gentleman carry it to the officers that are detailed for this work? Are they captains or extent, for example, of precluding the use of officers of the lieutenant colonels or are they sergeants? What is their rank? Army for such work as was done in Russia by the commission Mr. SUMMERS of 'Yashington. I am assuming that the headed by Colonel Haskell? salary of these 26 men will a¥erage $4,000 each, if not well ove~ Mr. BANKHEAD. I do not recall now the authorization that amount. that justified that commis ion. I think the President of the ~Jr. BEGG. Is it not true that every time a man is taken out United States-and I think the gentleman from New York of the Army and put in somewhere else they promote a lieu as a military man will agree with me-has the authority a1 te!!ant colo!!el to take his place? 1925 CONGRESSIONAL R.EOORD- HOUSE fl4ll Mr. SUMMERS of Washington. They do not take in any The Clerk read as follows: more officers into the Army because of these assignments, but Pay of enlisted men : For pay of enlisted men of the line and statr, you would ha\e more civilians on the pay roll if you did not not including the Philippine Scouts, $51,090,84G : Provided, That the take the e men out of the Army. total authorized number of enlisted men, not including the Philippine Mr. BANKHEAD. Will the.gentleman answer a question? Scouts, shall be 125,000. Mr. SUMMERS of Washington. If I can. . :Mr. KVALE. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following amend· Mr. BANKHEAD. The gentleman is not prepared to state ment. whether the Government is saving any money or not? The Clerk read as follows: Mr. SUMMERS of Washington. I am not prepared to say how much salary they receive; but suppose they receive $3,000, Amendment offered by Mr. KVALE: Page 10, lines 9 and 11, after the that would be $78,000, or if they receive $4,000 that would be word " Scouts," strike out " $51,090,846 " and, in line 11, " 125,000," $104,000. There will be just as many officers on the pay roll of and insert in lieu thereof the following: In line 9, " $40,000,000 " ancJ, the Army and there will be 26 additional civilians employed. in line 11, " 100,000." Mr. BLANTON. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. KV.ALE. ~Ir. Chairman, it seems to me that with 4,000,· Mr. SUUl\IERS of Wa hington. Yes. . 000 men that we have left o-ver from the war, all trained, it 11r. BLANTON. Carrying out the gentleman's position to it should not be necessary to have more than 100,000 men in the logical conclusion, to save money between $3,000 and $5,000 and Regular Army. I can not understand bow all of the 35 mem $12,000 salaries, the gentleman would be in favor of allocating bers of the committee can go along defending the number of Army officers to the 10 Cabinet positions? 125,000 men in the Regular Army. I would like to hear why l\Ir. SUMMERS of wa..., hington. I do not think that conclu they think it is necessary to ha-re all these men when we have sion could be drawn from anything I ba-re said, but I will say 4,000,000 men who will be ready to spring to arms when any that it we had four or :five hundred Army officers allocated to danger comes to the country. different work we might be just as well off. Mr. BLANTON. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. BLAI\.NTON. The gentleman is not in favor of putting Mr. KVALE. Yes; I yield. the Government into the hands of Army and naval officers, Mr. BLA~TON. You ha-re got to ha-re so many men for is he? ever3 officer, and we have provided about twice as many offi Mr. SUM:UEUS of Washington. No; I am not; but the allo cer as we had immediately before the war. They made all cation of a few men here and there, as i being done, is not promotion. until there was a time when we did not bate a going to place the country under the Army and it is a saving to single second lieutenant. The gentleman will remember that. the taxpayers. ~lr. KYALE. Does the gentleman contend that we must have 1\Ir. BLANTO~. Does the gentleman want to see this Gov so many men for each officer? ernment get into the position that Russia is in? Ur. BL\..l,TOX Oh, no; I am with the gentleman. I am ~Ir. SUl\I IERS of ·washington. I should dislike very much going to -rote for his amendment, though I think there is small to see this country in the position of Russia, but this does not chance of its being adopted. lead to anything of that ldnd. I believe the amendment will The CH.d.IRMA...~. The question is on the amendment offered add approximately $100,000 additional tax on the Treasury, by the gentleman from Minnesota. and it ought to be defeated. I want to save the hundred thou The question was taken, and the amendment was rejected. sand for the taxpayers without in any way injuring the Army. :Mr. BLACK of Texas. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following 1\Ir. AJII"'THONY. Mr. Chairman, I hope the amendment will amendment which I send to the desk. not be adopted. It ought to be defeated for vaguene s and The Clerk read us follows: indefiniteness. I ha-re read the amendment carefully, and I Amendment by .lli. BLACK of Texas : Page 10, line 11, at the end of do not believe that anybody can tell what it would do if it the line, strike out the period, insert a colon, and add the following should be adopted. If adopted in its present shape it might language: "Prodded (urtlzer, That hereafter upon the presentation of take away the Army engineers having the ri-ver and harbor satisfactory e>idence as to his age and upon application for discharge work in charge, and all work in that direction would stop. It by his pan•nt or guardian presented to the Secretary of War within six might stop the work on the Panama Canal. It reaches too far months after the date of his enlistment, any man enlisted after July 1, and is too dangerous in the present wording of the amendment. 1923, in the Army under 21 rears of age who has enlisted without the 1\Ir. DICKINSON of Iowa. I think there ought to be a written consent of his parent or guardian., if any, shall be discharged, further suggestion as to this amendment, and that is if legis with the form of discharge certificate and the traveling and other allow lation is going to be brought in here it ought to be brought in ances to which his service after enlistment shall entitle him." by a committee that has considered it. This is far-reaching ; it reaches into e'"ery department of the Government. It is :Mr. BLACK of Texas. .Mr. Chairman, this is the same brought on the floor not even carefully worded. The committee amendment that was offered to H. R. 2688, a bill dealing with is asked to adopt it as a protest against a few men being put sundry matters affecting the Navy, on December 10 last by my in the Budget department. w·e ought not to enact legislation colleague from Texas, Mr. Jo~Es. · It is an amendment pre in this way. pared by him, which I have offered at his suggestion, becau ~ e l\Ir. BANKHE.d.D. Will the gentleman yield for a ques- he is unable to be present to-day and present it in person. tion? Mr. BLA.....~TO~. 1\fr. ChaiJ.'man, will the gentleman yield? Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. Yes. Mr. BL.d.CK of Texas. Yes. Mr. BAl'~KHEAD. The gentleman ays that the language :Ur. BLA.....~TON. This just changes the present law in one of the amendment is vague and its meaning can not be clearly particular. It gi-ves them 6 months instead of 60 days within ascertained. The gentleman understands the purpose and whkb to :file their applications for discharge. meaning of the amendment. Mr. BLACK of Texas. That is true; and The Adjutant Gen 1\Ir. DICKINSON of Iowa. I think it is very vague, and no eral, in the hearings, as the chairman of the subcommittee [~lr. one knows what the effect will be in the War Department. It ANTHONY] will remember, stated tl1at the law was working out might interfere with the Panama Canal; it might interfere very sati~factorily to the Army, and the only difficulty which with the river and harbor work. he pointed out was the fact that under the 60-day limitation Mr. BANKHEAD. The gentleman says it might interfere about one-third of the applications ha-ve been denied becau~;e with the Panama Canal and the river and harbor work. they were not :filed within the time permitted by law. .I think There can be no such construction of that kind put upon it. that ;·ix months is long enough to allow, but I am equally well The existing law makes it the duty of certain men to be as convinced that the present limitation of allowing only 60 days signed to that work, and this could not affect the permanent within which the parent or guardian must :file application is duties delegated to Army officers. entirely too short a time. Mr. DICKIKSON of Iowa. All it would do would be to take ~Ir. A1TTHO~IT. :Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? the pay away from them. You are endangering the river and :Mr. BLACK of Texas. Yes. harbor work and all that kind of work by . uch legislation, and l\lr. AXTHO~"'Y. Is the language exactly word for word that you do not know · how far-reaching it will be. I think the which \Yas put into the Navy bill? amendment ought to be defeated. Mr. BLACK of Texas. Yes. The amendment was prepared The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment of- by my colleague [Mr. Jo~Es], but I also compared it myself fered by the gentleman from Alabama [Mr. BANKHEAD]. with the language in the bill H. R. 2688, \Vhich has already The question was taken; and on a division (demanded by passed the House, and it is identically the same. 1\Ir. DrcKr~soN of Iowa) there were 21 ayes and 31 noes. Mr. AXTHONY. This matter of the enlistment of minors is So the amendment was rejected. causing almost no trouble now in the Army, and I do not think L...~VI-90 1412 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 7 that the amendment offered by the gentleman would be ob Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. 1\Ir. Chairman, I reserve the jectionable. point of order. Mr. BLACK {)f Texas. With the remarks made by the chair Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma. Mr. Chairman, this amend man of the subcommittee, of course, I do not care to say RD? ment does not increase the appropriation. It simply provides thing further. If he is satisfied, I am sure the House will that $3,500 of the appropriation shall be used for the purchase follow his judgment and adopt the amendment without ob- of a small tract of land adjacent to the Fort Reno Military jection. · Reservation. Agents of the War Department went down to The CHAIRMAN. The question is on agreeing to the .amend- this reservation and made a lease with a farmer named Jo ment offered by the gentleman from Texas. seph D. Stevens. In this lease the War Department had a The amendment was agreed to. right to dig a ditch aeross this tract to straighten a small The Clerk read as follows : stream called the \Vashita River, which makes a bend into the reservation at this point. This river is not what we For rentnl allowances, including allowances for quarters for en usually call a river. It is a deep ravine, a deep canyon listed men on duty where public quarters are not available, $6,200,000. through the valley. M:r. LAGUARDIA. 1\lr. Chairman, I move to strike out the The river bend ·is directly in front of the pumping plant, last word for the purpose of asking the cha.i.rma.n whether and when the river gets on the :flood :stage it eats into the allowance for rent of quarters is made where the quarters bank and has gradually eaten its way abnost to the pumping are available in any of the posts or stations? Is it neces plant It probably now is about 150 feet from the pumping sary to first u~e up all of the quarters that are available? plant. The War Department, in order to change the cour e 1\lr. ANTHONY. They are supposed to do that. of the river, desires this land for the cutting of a ditch to Mr. LAGUARDIA. Are they doing that? divert the trend of this river from this pumping station. The Mr. ANTHONY. The way the Army is stationed it is im lease, whicb was made in December, 1923, exph·es on th-e po sible to do it, but there has been a constant pressure from 30th of June of this year. The ditch h been dug, the river the committee that they should utilize all of the modern bar channel has been straightened, and unless the War Depart racks and quarters possible. ment exerci e its option to buy this land on or before the Mr. LAGUARDIA. Here is an allowance of $6,200,000. 30th day of June of this year the owner of the land will ftml That is quite .an item for rentals .. At stations where there himself in the following condition : He has surrendered pos are available .quarters are they permitted to live in the city? Se! ion of the land; the ditch has been cut; the lease will ex Is that optional? pire; he will ha\e lost the lnnd and will have no recourse. Mr. ANTHONY. The largest part of this item is included The department promised :Mr. Stevens that the lease was only in the pay of officers where there are no quarters available temporary and it would pay him for the land as soon as the for the officers. All of the officers on duty here in Washing money was made available. Last winter I introduced au ton, for instance, are included in that. There are no quarters amendment to the War Department appropriation bill provid available for them. ing for the purchase of this laud. A. point of order was made Mr. LAGUARDIA. I withdraw the pro forma amendment. that the amendment was not germane to the reservation be The Clerk read as follow : cause there is a river between the land and the reservation. If that point of order was good then it is not good now, be MILITAnY POSTS cau e since that time the ditch has been cut and the channel For the construction and enlargement at military posts of such of the river .has been changed and the land is not now cut buildings as in the judgment of the Secretary of War may be necessary, off by the river. This matter was pre ented to the War De including all appurtenances thereto, $100. partment and the depru.·tment has inade an effort, I under Mr. LAGUARDIA. I moye to strike out the last word for stand, to get .approval of the item from the Budget Bureau. the purpo e of ash.i.ng whether provisions are made for the The Budget Bureau held that it had no authority to include building of quarters at Mitchell Field? the :tern in the bill. Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. I do not understand that any The War Department is without authority to make the provision is made for building any qu.arters in this bill. purchase unless authorized, and I am now seeking by th ·" Mr. LAGUARDIA. I understood that appropriations were amendment to authorize the clo ing of this transaction between to be made this year. Some of the buildings there are in an this farmer and the War Department. The War Department unsanitary condition. can not make payment until they have authority, the Budget Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. No provision in this bill is made Committee can not insert the item without authority, and Con for the construction program. That has been submitted to the gress is the only place where authority can be granted. If 1\filitary Affairs Committee and all construction is left out of tbis course is not followed it will take a special act of Congress this bill, except the mess hall at 'Vest Point. authorizing the appropriation and then a special item in some Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman, I withdraw the pro forma future appropriation bill to settle with Mr. Stevens. With amendment. this statement I trust the committee will not insist on the point The Clerk read as follows: of order. Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. How fast is this ravine eating BARRACKS AND QU.iRl'.EltS in the direction of the pumping plant! For construction, repair, and rental of barracks, quarters, stables, Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma. It depends upon the everity storehouses, magazines, administration and office buildings, sheds, of the flood and 'the Yelocity with which the water runs through shop , garages, reclamation plants, and other buildings necessary the ri-ver bend. There might not be another :flood for years, for the shelter of the Army and tts property, including retired officers but a year ago there were two floods which did great damage. and enlisted men when ordered to active duty; for rental of grounds I might state I conferred first with the chairman of the for military purposes, of recruiting stations, and of lodgings for subcommittee and he interposed no objection to my offering the recruits and applicants for enlistment; for repair of such furniture amendment. for Government-owned officers' quarters and officers' messes as may Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. Mr. Chairman, I withdraw my be approved by the Secretary of War; for wall lockers, refrigerators, reservation. · screen doors, window screens, storm doors and sash, window shades, The CHAIRMAN. The question rs on the amendment offered and flooring a.nd framing for tents, 4,250,000: Provided, That this by the gentleman from Oklahoma. appropriation shall be available for rental of offices, garages, and The question was taken, and the amendment was agreed to. stables for military attaches: Provided further, That $29,500, or so The Clerk read as follows : much thereof as may be necessary, shall be used for repairing build RE~T OF BUILD I."GS, QUAltTERl'sLASTER CORPS ings within the old fort at Fort Ontario, N. Y., and placing them ln For rent of buildings and parts of buildings in the District ol habitable condition. Columbia. for military purpo ·es, $32,982 : Provided, That this appro Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma. Mr. Chairman, I offer the fol priation shall not be available if space is provided by the Public lowing amendment. Buildings Commission in Government-<1wned buildings. The Clerk read as follows: Mr. BRIGGS. M1·. Chairman, I move to· strike out the last Amendment offered by Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma: Page 27 line word. What is this item of ~32J)82, if I may ask the com 4, after the word •· condition," ch3Jlge the period to a colon and add mittee, for rent of buildings and parts of buildings, District of the following: "Pt·ovidcd fttrtlwr, That $3,500 of this appropriation Columbia? shall be ava.llable for tlte purchase of approximately 43.6 acres of Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. Not all the mllitary activities of land opposite the Fort Reno. Okla., pumping plant, to be used in the District of Columbia are in Government buildings. There is an effort to straighten the cour e of the North Canadian Rivel'." a stable and warehouse, not public property, at 230 Nineteenth 1925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1413 Street NW., for which we are paying $4,800; 24Q-248.Nineteenth into a condition whereby when it suits their con\cnience they Street there is a garage, stable, warehouse for which we pay insi t on purchasing aii·craft through cut-throat competitive $9,000 a year-- bidding, or if they desire to punish one manufacturer or favor 1\lr. BRIGGS. I do not care as to items particularly, but I another, they can find excu ·es under the law whieh permit~ just wanted to inquire generally. buying proprietary designs or patented articles without com Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. There are certain parts of the petition to allocate orders as they see fit. Army equipment-- Competiti\e bidding has reduced the essential aircraft in 1\Ir. BRIGGS. Such as stables, and so forth? dustry to a condition approaching bankruptcy and has thus, Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. Stables, garages, warehouses, through diminishing the source of supply, placed the air de where the Go\ernment can not furnish them, and they are fenses of the United States in grave peril, and the heads of rented. the air selTices all say that we now ha\e no commercial air Mr. BRIGGS. It is not for office quarters? craft industry in this country to speak of. Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. Oh, absolutely not. General Patrick stated before the House Committee on' Air The CHAIRMAN. 'Vithout objection, the pro forma amend Service Inquiry : · ment will be withdrawn and the Clerk will read. These men and firms were all eager for work. They bid. There There was no objection. are specific cases where they bid far below the cost or production. The Clerk read as follows : Such companies have t>ither failed or gone out of business. This has OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SIGNAL OFFICER lessened the number of them, and in some ways it is an advantage and in others it is a disadvantag~. The result was that had we opened Salaries: For personal services in the District of Columbia. in ac everything to competiti>e bidding there would haYe been to-day the cordance with "The classification art of 1923," $57,000. situation, I think, probably of very, very few men who would be in the The services of skilled draftsmen and such other services as the ah·craft business. Secretary of War may deem necessary may be employed only in the Signal Office to carry into effect the various appropriations for fortifica General Patrick further said: tions and other works of defense, and for the Signal Service of the We have recognized the proprietary rights of designers in their ~<\.rmy, to be paid from such appropriations, in addition to the fore designs of aircraft and ha1"e let contracts in accordance with that going employees appropriated for in the signal office: Pro-tided, That understanding. I said 1t was the policy to recognize the d~sign rights the entire expenditures for this purpose for the fiscal year 1926 shall in all such designs as were presented by any concern that was capable not exceed $35,000, and the Secretary of War shall each year in the of building them and contracts haYe been given them. So far as our Budret report to Congress the number of persons so employed, their bids were concerned, when we hall to resort to open competition there dutie1.1, and the amount paid to each. was no restriction placed upon the bidder; anyone was authorized to Mr. REID of Illinois. 1\Ir. Chairman, I move to strike out bid and they did so. the last word. Mr. Chairman, I have moved to strike out -the Asked specifically what he would suggest to improve the last word at this time for the purpose of calling the attention industry, General Patrick said: of the committee to two amendments I am going to offer. The first amendment which I shall speak on for five minutes is one In some mty arrange so that orders can be placed with these manu which does away with competitive bidding in the purchase of facturers, possibly at the discretion -of the Secretary or War, or in the new airplanes under this appropriation, and provides that some other way that the committee might devise that would gi\e manufacturers an assurance of continuity in -their work. If we could orders and work shall not be gi\en to foreig~ers. Every year since the armi tice the War and Kavy Depart be relieved from what is really now a statutory requirement inviting ments have come to Congre asking for more money for air competition for bid., if the Secretary of War or some other propet• authority could be authot·ized in his discretion to place orders without planes, always with the argument that ~t is. necess~ry to pur chase airplanes to build up the commercial au·craft mdustry of competition, to allocate the amount of business that the Wa.r Depart· this country. ment has among the e manufacturers, it would be the greatest step in The Army and Navy Departments have never had any set advance that could be taken. That would mean, of course, not alone tled program or policy for equipping their departments, as the War Department, but the Navy Department and all other depart they do in European countries, where they order, say, 100 ail<. ments needs for aircraft untn the point is reached that commercial air planes, and as soon as that hundred airplanes are delivered transportation has come into being and until there Is a commercial they pla:ce another order for another hundred, and then fol development upon which these various manufacturers can rely. low this with another order for 100, taking into consideration General Patrick stated that he wanted to purchase airplanes improvements or requirements made necessary by the :flying . just as he purchased motor cars-in the open market. of the machines. 'Vhile the American industry is starving we have an ex Thus, they not only keep the equipment up to full strength traordinary situation in the Army Air Service placing an order but always up to date. for 100 airplanes, costing $350,000, to be built by a foreigner Our air services ha\e done spasmodic buying, and they have named Fokker. not followed the law in all cases where they were required to Major General Pah·ick, when asked what he knew of Fokker, advertise for bids and purchase airplanes on competiti\e bid said: ding but when they o desire they purchase under that ection He is a IIollander who had some Inwwledge of airplane de. igning, of the statute which excepts from advertising or competiti\e and when the World War broke out lle tl'iPd to get employment. I bidding those articles which were proprietary or patented. In think he went to the English. I ha>e heard that he did, although I this way they ha\e discouraged a great many airplane manu do not know of my own knowledge, and they would not take him; facturers and caused a good deal of jealousy and ill feeling in and finally he went to the Germans and he became the principal air the industry. plane builder for the Germans. After the war he went back to Am General Patrick and Admiral Moffett testified before the sterdam and established him ·elf there. aircraft inquiry committee, and they both told of the hardships I am told that Fokker is manufacturing airplanes for Japan worked on the industry by the competitive bidding. General and for Russia, and now be appears on our shores and gets a Patrick said that it was the desire of the department to get away f1·om competitive bidding, and that the as istance of the juicy plum while ~:mr Americans Htarve in the industry. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman ha ~ e:xpii'ed. Aircraft Inquiry Committee was requested to amend the law. The pro forma amendment will be withdrawn, and the Clerk I am convinced that it is the real desire of the departments will read. to do this ; and I am also convinced that it is to the best inter~ The Clerk read as follows : ests of the aircraft industry of this country that competitive bidding be abolished, for without a sound aircraft industry AIR SERHCE there can be no adequate air defense. AIR SERYICE, AR~IY Under existing legi::;lation (U. S. Comp. Stat. 1916, 6869; For creating, maintaining, and operating at established flying schools R. S. 3721, purchase without advertisements) the Navy De and balloon schools courses of instruction for officer·, students, and partment is authorized to purchase in the open market without enlisted men, including cost of equipment and supplies neces 8l'Y for advertisements or competiti\e bids such items so essential to instruction, purchase of tools, equipment, materials, machines, text the national security as cheese, butte1·, tobacco, and ordnance. books, books of reference, scientific and profe sional papers, instru What I propose is to put the purchase of aircraft, which is ments and materials for theoretical and practical instruction; for to-day the dominant arm of defense, on the same footing with maintenance, repair, storage, and operation of airships, war balloons, the l>ig guns that are fast becoming obsolete. and other aerial machines, including in trumcnts, matel'ials, gas plants, Instead of adopting a continuing policy of procurement llangars, and repair shops, and appliances of e\CJ'Y sort and description both Army and Navy services have permitted themselves to get necessary for the operation, construction, or equipment of all t:roes of CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-HOUSE JANUARY 7 aircraft, and all necessary spare parts and equipment connected there of the War Department, and if such flights are given by Army per with and the establishment of landing and take-otr runways ; for pur sonnel upon other than Government fields a bond (}f indemnity, in such chase of supplies for securing, developing, printing, and reproducing sum as the Secretary of War may require for damages to person or photog-raphs in connection with aerial photography; improvement, property, shall be furnished the Government by the parties desiring the equipment, maintenance, and operation of plants for testing and ex exhibition: Provided, further, That in addition to the amount herein perimental work, and procuring and introducing water, electric light appropriated and specified for expenditure for the production and pur and power, ga~ and sewerage, including maintenance, opt>ration, and chase of new airplanes and their equipment, spare parts, and acces- repair of such utilities at such plants; for the acquisition of land or sories, the Chief of the Air Service, when authorized by the Secretary interest in land by purchase, lease, or condemnation where necessary of War, may enter into contracts for the production and purchase of \ to explore for. procure, or reserve helium gas, and also for the purchase, new airplanes and their equipment, spare parts, and accessories to an manufacture, construction, maintenance, and operation of plants for amount not in excess of $2,150,000, and his action in so doing shall be the production thf'reof and experimentation therewith; salaries and deemed a contractual obligation of the Federal G<>vernment for the pay wages of civilian employees as may be necessary, and payment of their ment of the cost thereof. traveling and other necessat·y expenses as authorized by existing law; transportation of materials in connection with consolidation of Air Mr. REID of Illinois. "Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment. Rervicl' activities; experimental investigation and purchase and de The CHAIRl\1AN. The gentleman from Tilinois offers an velopment of new types of aircraft, accessories thereto, and aviation amendment, which the Clerk will report. engines, including licenses for patents and design rights thereto, and The Clerk read as follows : plans, drawings, and specifications thereof; for the purchase, manufac Amendment offered by Mr. REID of Illinois : Page 38, line 11 : tme, and construction of airships, balloons, and other aerial machines, Strike out, after the word " h&ein," the rest of line 11, and an of including in~ruments, gas plants, hangars, and repair shops, and lines 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20, and in line 21 the words appliances of every ort and description necessary for the operation, " to the Government." construction, or equipment of all types of aircraft, and all necessary spare parts and equipment connected therewith; for the marking of The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Illinois is recognized. military airways where the purchase of land is not Involved; for the ·Mr. REID of illinois. Mr. Chairman, this amendment goes pm·chase, manufacture, and issne of special clothing, wearing apparel, to the amendment in the appropriation bill which provides and similar equipment for aviation purposes; for all necessary expenses $500,000 ~or greater McCook Field. This appropriation is only connected v;itll the sale or disposal of surplus or obsolete aeronautical the openrng up of a new and perhaps limitless expenditure. equipment, and the rental of buildings, and other facilities for the An examination of the bill will show that I have tried to take handling or storage of such equipment; for the services of such con out the entire sum. sulting engineers at experimental stations of the Air Service as the Official figures compiled by the Air Service at my request Secretary of War may deem necessary, including necessary traveling and made a part of the record of the House· aircraft inve ti expense ; purchnse of special apparatus and appliances, repairf! and gation show that in the five fi ·cal years 1920-Hl24, inclu ive, replacements of sAme used in connection with special scientific medical the·Governnfent of the United States has paid out for aviation re earch in the Air Service; for maintenance and operfl.tion of such the colossal sum of $433,383,287.21. Air Service printing plants outside of the District of Columbia as may This money bas gone as follows : be authorized in accordance with law; for publications, station libraries, special furnitm·e, supplies and equipment for offices, shops, and labora ~~~~~1~s~~~~:::::::::::::::::::======$i~¥:~~g:§8~:~~ tori('s ; for special services, including the salvaging of wrecked air National Advisory Co!llmittee for Aeronautics.=-.=-.=-.:::.:::.=-.=- ~; 8~~; ~~~: craft. $14,700,000 : Pt·ovided, That not to exceed $2,690,000 from this :g appropriation mny be expended for pay and expenses of civilian em What this House should do is to put a stop to the e huge ex ployees other than those employed in experimental and rE.>search work ; penditures or to insist that we get more for our money. not exceeding 500,000 may be expended for experimentation, conser This waste is not due to graft, I am convinced but it is due vation, and p1.·oduction of helium; not exceeding . 2, 730,000 may be ex- to feeding many mouths, swelling civilian pay roils in Govern pended for experimental and research work with ftirplanes or lighter ment plants, and scattering our air activities. than-air emit and their equipment, including the pay of necessary I do not propose to inh·oduce now the subject of a separate civilian employees ; not exceeding $400,000 may be expended for tbe Air Service, but I will say that no Member of this Congress pt·oduction of lighter-than-air equipment; not exceeding $300,000 may who is in favor of a unified Air Ser-vice will vote for this be expended for improvement of stations, hangars, and gas plants for McCook Field appropriation, opening the door of the Treasury the Regular Army and for such other markings and fuel supply stations as. it does to increased waste in aircraft tinkering; and while and temporary shelter as may be necessary; not less than $4,400,000 this appropriation is only one-half million dollars it will bind shall be expended for the production and purchase of new airplanes and _the United States Government to pay many millions more on their equipment, spare parts, and accessories; not more than $4,000 this project. may lJe expended for settlement of claims {not exceeding $250 each) Brigadier Cfflneral Mitchell, of the Army Air Service, said for damages to persons and private property resulting from the opera ye~terda.y in a newspaper interview: tion of aircraft at borne and abroad when each claim is snb tantiated Establishment of a Government aviation department will take us lJY a survey report of a board of officers appointed by the commanding out of the kindergarten class in flying and promote us to at least the officer of the nearest aviation post and approved by the Chief of Air first grade. • • • We are spendlng about 82,000.000 a year on Senice and the Sect·etary of War; not less than $50,000 o! this amount aviation. and that is plenty. The trouble is the money is being ex sllall be used for the C The fact that the Army to-day has but a handful of air the proposed new home of the engineering division. Tentative plans planes and that the industry is practically nonexistent is at linked with the proposed sale of the five abandoned air fields, wni tributed to the preponderance of experimental design activities-. aggregate a sum of $10,00&,000 tor the purpose of erecting permanent· All of the experimental contracts are given out through McCook buildings. Th-e expansion made possible by the move will mean an Field. Thus, if we are permitted time to examine expendi annual pay roll of from $2,000,000 to $5,000,000 (McCook Field now tures carefully, it will appear that in addition to the $20,0?opoo has the fourth largest pay roll in Dayton). It will give employment to direct cost the engineering division has cost many millions from 3,000 to 5,000 skilled workmen. It will mean the building of more, even approaching SO per cent of all the money appropri hundreds of new homes. It will give Dayton further world-wide ated by Congress for the AJ.·my Air Service. publicity. It will increase Dayton's population many thousands. It The tinkering of McCook Field engineers delays development will furnish a fitting memorial to the Wrtght brothers. It may result of design by the industry and postpones, as it actually has in 1n the location here of an air academy surpassing the West Point and the case of the Thomas-Morse pursuit plane, actual production Annapolis institutions. It wlll advance the educational opportunities for several years or until the model itself is practically and standards of the community. It will focus the attention of the obsolete. . world upon Dayton's aetivities. It will attract the manufacturer of air The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Illinois cl'a!t. It will draw thousands of desirable visitors. It will add to has exph·ed. Dayton's reputation as a precision center. It will be splendid evidence 1\Ir. REID of Illinois. :May I have five minutes more? of the progress and patriotism of Dayton people. Mr. FITZGERALD. I wish to speak in opposition to the In the quotation just read there is a hint of the real-estate amendment. value which the construction of this $10,000,000 Government Mr. LAGUARDIA. I wish to offer an amendment. industry will create in Dayton. Startling confirmation of ·this The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Illinois asks unani viewpo~t. is provided in the December issue of Slipstream, mous consent to proceed for five minutes more. Is there objec- where 1t IS editorially stated in an article discussing "Wright tion? View Heights" : There was no objection. Naturally, since McCook Field in now assured for Dayton,' a brisk Mr. REID of illinois. It is stated that the field offered to the War Department for the "greater McCook" station was real-estate development has sprung up about this "greatest flying field purchased at a cost of $400,000, through public subscription, at in the world." Dayton. On the same page there is a large advertisement of a real Who were the contributors to this fund? estate development designated as Wright View Heights, and Who were the owners of the land? in this advertisement the following statement is made: Should we not suspend this item until we are able to obtain The acceptance by the Government of the new flying field was an a list of subscribers 'l epoch-making event in the industrial life of the city, and its com And then when we get this list it will be interesting to pletion in the near future will make Wright View Heights. which is learn whether among these names will be found those per l-ocated immediately ailjacent to the new flying field, one of the finest sons, corporations, or interests who made money out of aircraft home locations, as well as one of the safest, soundest, and sanest orders during the war, who expect to make money out of the realty investments in the aviation district. business in the future, or who expect to profit through real estate development. You will note that the people of Dayton, having invested As of December 31, 1923, there were 1,824 civilians employed $400,000 in a "patriotic enterprise," are already counting at McCook Field and Wilbur Wright Field. the millions that they will receive in return, having aSfJumed As of the same date the Navy aircraft factory and naval that because tentative indorsement by the War Department has repair station at Pensacola employed 2,008 civilians. been reported, that the Government of the United States has Here is a total of 3,832 civilians engaged in governmental indorsed this amazing project. experimental engineering, manufacture, and repair. The CHAIR?I-1AN. The time of the gentleman from Illinois At the same date there were employed in all the aircraft has again expired. plants of the country only a total of not more than 1,500 per Mr. REID of Illinois. Mr. Chairman, may I have two min sons. utes more? In other words, the War Department and the Navy Depart The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the ment, while asking Congress for appropriations to procure air gentleman from Illinois? craft from the industry, dissipate the money appropriated in Mr. ANTHONY. There will be no objection this time, but tinkering or in trying to go into the aircraft business them I hope the gentleman will not desire more time. selves. . The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? ARMY HAS STOPPED ALL DESIGNING AT M'COOK FIELDJ IT SAYS, SO WHY There was no objection. IS A LARGER FIELD NEEDED? COMPARISON OF LOCATION OF PRESENT AND PROPOSED M'COOK FIELDS In his testimony before the House Aircraft Investigating Com Mr. REID of Illinois. The present McCook Field comprises mittee General Patrick stated: about 50 or 60 acres of leased ground in what is now the heart When I became the head of the Army Air Service, I stopped design of the city of Dayton. This station was established at Dayton Ing and manufacture at McCook Field. Under ordinary methods of during the war with Germany at a rental, I understand of procedure we, in the procurement of material or eqo.ipment, merely around $12,000 a year. Since then the rental has been steadny asked for bids for building aircraft according to certain designs. I increased until it is now $60,000 a year, and the Government's found that there was a great deal of designing being done at my en lease is good only from one year to another, with what ap gineering division; that this was in the way of throttling private enter pears to be a view to forcing the Government out of its present prise, for outside designers felt that the Government would probably quarters to help Dayton's development. give preference to its own designs for one thing; that we would not The land which the patriotic citizens of Dayton, at a cost Iootc sympathetically upon designs made by others; and, as is always to themselves of about $400,000, have offered to the War De the case when the Government comes into competition with private partment for a greater McCook Field, comprises about 525 enterpris£>, that private enterprise would either suffer severely or have acres on the Mad River, and is located near the present Wilbur to withdraw altogether. So I stopped designing at McCook Fiel-d. Wright Field at Fairfield, Ohio, some 6 or 8 miles from the center of Dayton. It is absolutely unimproved. It is located DAYTON WANTS AN ENLARGED AIR SERVICE EXPF<,RI.MENTAL STATION FOR partly in· the Miami Valley conservancy project, and unless THE MONEY IT WILL BRING INTO THE CITY large sums of money are spent upon this "gift" it vrl.ll be un There is published in Dayton a magazine called Slipstream, suitable for- even ordinary flying, let alone the test flights which which the editor a"\"ows to be "the only asserting voice of the Army must properly make at an experimental station. McCook Field and Dayton." In the June, 1924, edition, page 6, AN INLAND EXPERIMENTAL STATION CONTRARY TO THE DEMA. ID OF there is printed the following statement, showing that in return EFFICIJlCNY AND ECONOMY FOR COORDINA'l'ION Oli' LAND AND WATER for the original "contribution " of about $400,000, representing FLYING . the purchase cost of the land offered to the Government, the In his testimony before the House Aircraft Investigating city of Dayton expects to realize the sum of $10,000,000, an Committee, January 5, General Patrick, in stating that McCook actual pay roll of $2,000,000 to $5,000,000, and to provide em Field did not duplicate naval experimental activities in one ployment for 3,000 to 5,000 skilled workmen. Note in the fol feature, commented on the lack -of a "sea" upon which the lowing quotation that even now the present " inadequate " Army could test seaplanes or water-flying craft at Dayton. McCook Field has the fourth largest pay roll in the city: Under th-e existing law the War Department is charged with At the present time the architects are still busily engaged in map the responsibllity for the coast defense of the United States. ping out plans of buildings and construction work in conneetion with l\lore and more, as has been indicated in testimony of Army fl416 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 7· and Navy officers before the committees of this House, it is to France to find appreciation and reward for their conquest apparent that the defense of the enormous coast line of our of the air. Aerial navigation, besides its immeasurable com country rests now and must continue to rest, to an increasing mercial possibilities, was an addition to the fighting forces degree, in the future upon our air force. of the world. It was developed abroad, and when we got into An experimentul stution for the Air Service should be so the World War we bad nothing in this country. Although located that its operation, including experimental flying, should Congress appropriated over a billion dollars for au·craft be made as near its ba e of action in national emergency as ~uring the war, we never got one fighting plane on the front po sible. To develop and test airplanes for coast defense at m France. an inland station. located hundreds of miles from any deep Now, I know that the good Congressman from Illinois who water, is ridiculous, regardless of the demand of a small town has just spoken agrees with me on fundamental things. I for its real-estate development. The que tion as to whether lmo.w, however, that be has a wrong understanding of the sit future coast defense military planes will alight and land on uatwn. I have not only visited every department of this ex the water is entirely beside the point. When the Air Service perimental division of the Air Service of the Army but I have endeavored and carried on its experimentation in bombing naval taken instruction under the greatest engineer we have had in ve sels, it wa forced to move all of its experimental material connection with the Army Air Service and in the work tba t is to Langley Field in order to operate in the action off Cape being carried on at McCook Field. I know that that work has Henry. resulted in the sa-ring of countless lives in the Air Service. D.AYTOX, OHIO, IS NOT ADAPTED TO EXPERllllE~TAL FLYIXG .AXD TESTI!\0 The liYes of 8 per cent of the boys in the Air Service go out EXCEPTlXG FOR A FEW MONTHS I~ THE YEAR every year. It is true that they haT"e a right, like other officers Aircraft deYelopment, to reach its ma:ximum efficiency, must of the Army, to retire in 30 years, but they have to be dead be controlled by continual 365 day's flying conditions. more than twice over on an average before they can retire. A citizen of Dayton will tell you that there is flying in At Mc<:ook Field every part of an airplane, e-rery new design, Dayton every day of the year. So is there flying across the every ImproT"ement or modification is te ted by the cleverest entire breadth of this continent every day in the Air 1\!ail mecban~cal devices. to disclose weakness under stress, and yet : Service, but this does not indicate that conditions for experi the ultimate test m actual flight mu t be made by our air ; mental work are continually satisfactory tlu·oughout our broad pilots, as courageous and noble a class of men as can be found · country. in the world. On November 24, 1924, at the invitation of the Air Service, l\Iy friend from illinois says that nothing has been invented 1 various aircraft constructors sent their machines to l\lcCook ~here. Tbis is not an asylum for prospective inventors. It 1 Field, three in number, to compete in flying performance for the Is a place for testing out every legitimate idea that any man i purpo e of the selection by the service of that corps observa- thinks he bas tending to the advancement of aerial navigation; 1 tion plane best fitted to supplant the war-used DeHavilands. a place where any man with a new project relatintY to the ; To thoroughly test an airplane in a competition such as this, con. truction of plane or engine can present it to tb~ expert ' the manufacturer must not only furnish his machine, but his engmeers of the Air Service to be tested and, if of promising engineers, mechanics, and operators. The "Wright Co., the value, developed and perfected, and there we should have and Curtiss Co., the Douglass Co. were represented on the job at do have, to a large extent, the equipment that is neces ·ary to Dayton. This is January 7, 1925, and these tests have not find out whether or not there is anything in the idea, and if yet be€n completed. The reason is not lack of efficiency on the the_re is, de~elop it; and we have developed tb~ supercharger, part Qf the service, or readiness on the part of the contestants which permits the airplane to rise to unprecedented heights, or machines, but weather conditions were continually un the ground inductor compass, the most accurate bombing sights, favorable. Deluge of rain day after day, turning the surround as well a engines and other parts. ing country into a morass, low-lying clouds pre-renting a 1\lr. REID of Illinois. l\Ir. Chairman, will the gentleman plane from flying more than a few hundred feet in height, yield? , actual fog and mist. The money spent by these manufacturers, 1\lr. FITZGERALD. Yes. I the time wasted by this large experimental division under the Mr. REID of Illinois. Do you say the l\fcCook Field invented ; pay of the Government, and the general delay to our air de the supercharger? ' -relopment resulting in the failure of the Air Service to con- Ur. FITZGERALD. 1'\o; but they have thrown out those tract for its equipment under moneys realized July 1, 1024, is things which are dangerous, and baye selected those things convincing evidence of the disadvantages of Dayton as a which are safe. The mariner's compass, invented by the center for en;ineering operations. Chinese, remained scarcely unimproved from the day of Co This appropriation and the remo-ral of the :McCook Field will lumbu , when he crossed the Atlantic; the compass used by our not only cost many millions of dollars without aiding the na own hip~ up to om: own day saw no radical improvement, but tional defensP, but will do more to preT"ent the unification of the Air Service bas developed a compass which can be used to the Air Services than any other thing. Good judgment would keep an airship on its original course, through cloud and mist dictate that it would be much better for the national security and storm to its destination, with due allowance made for to have several smaller repair and testing stations in different drift by currents of the air. The tress on the structures of parts of our country than merely one large one. And the these different planes, the biplane and all-metal plane, and all GoYernment now owns excellent fields in different parts of the tllese devices that make for the increased safety of our men country, Langley Field, Kelly Field, Rantoul Field, .1\Iitcbel and the a Ur. REID of illinois. Did not the Wright brothers have to Mr. FITZGERALD. Yes. go to Europe with their invention? Mr. KETOHilf. The gentleman just made reference to Mr. FITZGERALD. I have already said that. The Dayton the fact that the appropriation ought to be $1,500,000 instead people are as ashamed of it as all the American people should of $500,000 for the purpose of erecting buildings. Will the be ashamed of it. They are ashamed of the fact that we not gentleman give the committee the benefit of his judgment as only let the airplane but the machine gun, invented in Amer to what the whole building program will involve if the whole ica, and the submarine, in-rented in America, be developed by scheme works out in accordance with his own views or the foreign powers, to our great disadvantage, our enormous loss views of those well informed upon the subject? of life, and our enormous financial loss. The CHAIRMAN (Mr. BEGG). The time of the gentleman Now the proposition is this: McCook Field, as nolf situated, from Ohio has again expired. was located during the war. It is within the city of Dayton. • Mr. FITZGERALD. Mr. Chairman, I ask for three min It has, as my good friend from lllinois has said, something utes more. less than 225 acres of land in the flying field. It is dangerously The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Ohio asks unani small. The surroundings make it additionally dangerous. mous consent to proceed for three additional minutes. Is Because it is so small at least five lives have been lost in there objection? landing on or taking off from that field. It is an airport on 1.'here was no objection. the airway across the country where the planes have to stop Mr. FITZGERALD. My good friend from lllinois suggested on their way from Washington west and the field is used for $10,000,000. I am hopeful that will be true when it is real that purpose, but the field is so small and so shaped that it ized that one fir~-class battleship, without its equipment, cost is not adequate. It is dangerous. Now, what was to be done? $30,000,000, and It has been demonstrated that there is not a The Dayton people were interested, naturally, in retaining it. ship built or which can be built for the sea that can survive It is a very advantageous thing, as my good friend says. It against airplane attack. is advantageous in a commercial way. It was not established Mr. KETCHAM. ·wm the gentleman yield for another at Dayton as a matter of sentiment, but it was established at question? Dayton because it is a center for the highest grade of me Mr. FITZGERALD. Yes. chanics in the country. There is at Dayton the National Mr. KETCHAM. Some reference was made by the gentle Cash Register Co., one of the greatest institutions in the world, man from Illinois [Mr. REID] to the fact that we had other employing on its instruments of precision the very highest experimental fields in the United States. Will the gentleman grade of mechanics. The Recording & Computing Machine kindly inform the committee what he knows about that? Co. has its factory there. The Ohmer Fare Register Co., Mr. FITZGERALD. That is true. The Kavy experiments which manufactures the registering machines used in taxicabs, and other branches of the Go\ernment, too · for instance the and other registering devices, have their shops at Dayton, so Postal Service, in a small way. They do ~ake some e~peri that the institution at McCook Field is in a position to get ments as to their special needs. But this is the central re the kind of help they need, a kind of help which you can not search branch for both the Kavy and the Army. The Navy is get at other places. independent and there is a certain amount of emulation and Mr. LAGUARDIA. Will the gentleman yield? competition between these departments, and at Philadelphia Mr. FITZGERALD. I would like to finish this statement the Navy does e1...--periment on these things. However, they ex and I will yield in a moment. The field is a rented field. It change knowledge. I have not heard of an instance where belongs to the General Motors Corporation and it costs $60,000 they have withheld from each other the value of these things. a year in rent. It has no r11ilroad facilities ; it costs thousands While McCook Field is not properly equipped for research of dollars to haul gasoline and other supplies to this field. work. nevertheless it is the best in the world to-day. It needs Now, the Dayton people went down into their pockets, as a the expenditure of $300,000 for propeller-test equipment alone, monument and tribute to the Wright brothers, and as a realiza because as the result of such propeller tests we shall save tion and repentance of their neglect, and of the neglect of many thousands of dollars, we will save the lives of many of American people, and put up over $400.000, not to buy 525 our men, and we shall more surely and rapidly advance the acres, as my friend says, but almost 5,000 acres of ground. safety and efficiency of the navigation of the air. They ga\e that ground to the Government and it is near this Mr. KID!'CHAM. Referring to this large number of experi location. In moving this field the Government will save $500,000, mental sta.tions-- because it can be moved so much cheaper to this new location Mr. FITZGERALD. There is not a large number. There than it can to any other location. This great new field, the are only two that amount to anything at all. largest in the world, is sufficient for all purposes, even bomb Mr. KETCHAl\.L Will the gentleman give his opinion with ing experiments. It has high ground, low ground, and great reference to the advisability of concentrating it all in one stretches of level ground. A great sheet of water could be im pounded there from the Mad River if it were necessary and place? if they wanted to test the landing gears on naval planes there. Mr. FITZGERALD. I will say in reply, first, I am strongly It is in every way adequate. It is the greatest aviation field in favor of the reorganization of all the departments of our in the world, and comes to the United States as a tribute of Government. I feel we ought to have one department of na the Dayton people to the Wright brothers and as an expression tional defense, where the Air Service ought to get its full of patriotism. The Government needs to locate this great and participation and be given its full importance. There ought to advantageous branch of the national defense on this new site be a bureau for the Navy and a bureau for the Army and a so that men will not be killed in attempting to- iand on a small bureau as well for the Air Service. I say to you I am strongly and inadeqUftte field, and the Government will be saved $132,500 in favor of coordination of all these matters, but we can not a year if it will just take possession of this field, move its control matters of in-rention and matters of experiment which buildings over there and occupy them. This ought to be an go on formally and informally in the minds of every ingenious appropriation of $1,500,000 so they can erect their buildings youth in America who becomes interested in radio or other ap promptly, because the $500,000 provided in this bill will only pliances, and from the most unlearned we sometimes get the enable them to put in the foundations. most splendid inventions. Mr. BUTLER. Will the gentleman yield? It has been said in one of our technical magazines recently Mr. FITZGERALD. Yes. that no engineer of any importance in the United States has Mr. BUTLER. Permit me to ask the gentleman whether he invented a thing of any value recently, but that all such in has considered the likelihood of a combined force of the Army ventions have come from the amateurs, especially is this true in and the Na\y within a few years1 radio. McCook Field is the place where all of things pertain :\ir. FITZGERALD. I have indeed, sir. ing to aircraft are tested out and their value ascertained. No Mr. BUTLER. We have had some hearings before the Com expenditures in manufacturing enterprises in America to-day mittee on Naval Affairs with reference to that. yield higher returns than those in well-directed research and Mr. FITZGERALD. And I have attended your committee experimental work such as is carried in the interests of the hearings for that \ery purpose. national defense and commercial aviation at McCook Field. Mr. BUTLER. I know the gentleman attended them. Now, 1\!r. WATKINS. Will the gentleman yield? is my friend of the opinion that this place will be feasible Mr. FITZGERALD. I yield to the gentleman from Oregon. if that should occur? Mr. WATKINS. What do the experts have to say upon Mr. FITZGERALD. Ab!'olutely. I could discuss that and this proposition the gentleman is talking about? would be \ery g'lad to do so, because I am one of those who, The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Ohio has like my friend from Ne" York, believes in a united air expired. servic~. Mr. REID of Illinois. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous con Mr. KETCHA!ll. Will the gentleman yield? sent that the gentleman's time be extended five minutes. 1418 CON"GRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE J.A.NUA.RY7 The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Illinois asks unani Mr. FITZGER~~D. The gentleman is not fair. It has saved mous consent that the gentleman from Ohio may proceed for the lives of countless aviators already. five additional minutes. Is there objection? l\Ir. REID of Illinois. How? There was no objection. Mr. FITZGERALD. Because they have perfected and cor 1\fr. WATKINS. What have the experts to say upon this rected a number of weaknesses in the structure of the planes. proposition the gentleman is talking about? Mr. REID of Illinois. Does the gentleman know they were Mr. FITZGERALD. The experts want $1,500,000 for this forced to take on the parachutes over their protest? work. This $500,000 set forth in this bill is in keeping with 1\fr. FITZGERALD. No; they were not. this situation. The Budget Bureau has ordered that all esti Mr. REID of Illinois. General Patrick testified to that. mates or demands for appropriations for the activities of the Mr. FITZGERALD. I happened to be there myself, and the War Department to be cut down in compliance with our na gentleman' will find one of those parachutes with my name and tional policy of rigid economy in all branches of Government. number on it, because I have flown back and forth from here The department distributed this required reduction in esti a number of times. mates. And in order to avoid contention and keep everybody 1\fr. REID of Illinois. The gentleman stated there was no as satisfied as possible in all branches of the service, reduc other place where they did experimental work. tions were in every branch of the service. Mr. FITZGERALD. Quite the contrary, they are experiment This is one branch of our national defense in which I am ing e\erywhere in the world where planes are flown. convinced there should have been no cut. This is the most Mr. REID of Illinois. I mean under the control of the Gov economical form of national defense we have. This item has ernment. Do you know what the National Advisory Board on been cut in accordance with this policy, but it ought to be Aeronautics is doing? '$1,500,000, and I will tell you why it would be more economical Mr. FITZGERALD. Yes; and I also know what the Bureau for the country if this Congress made this item $1,500,000 of Standards is doing. They are working on these matters than to keep it at $500,000. also. By appropriating but $500,000 when we should appropriate Mr. REID of Illinois. And is not the Navy eA'1)erimenting $1,500,000, which is required to make the transfer, it is as if also? you were to rent another house or build another house than Mr. FITZGERALD. Yes. your own home and then would apportion so much to pay the Mr. REID of Illinois. What are they experimenting on? first moving nm in one month or in one week to move part of Mr. FITZGERALD. They are experimenting on everything your furniture out of your living room or out of one of your that come within the observation of any one of the e men, but bedrooms O'ler to the new house and then string it out over a when it comes to the expenditure of any considerable sum of considerable period of time. E'lery year of delay in mo\ing to money there is no great appropriation for it. the new site will cost the Tinited States more than $132,000; l\lr. REID of Illinois. Can you say there is no duplication? and money is not all, as I ha\e indicated. Mr. FITZGERALD. Very little. Mr. REID of Illinois. Will the gentleman yield? If you are Mr. REID of Illinois. You heard General Mitchell's state going to move to another house and you are taking your ment which I read in the RECORD this morning. mother-in-law with you, would you build the same kind of a Mr. FITZGERALD. Oh, yes; and I am quite familiar with hou e? General Mitchell's ideas, and if you want General Mitchell's Mr. FI'rZGERALD. I would not do that myself. [Laughter.] statement I will bring it to the members of this committee to Mr. REID of Illinois. Is it not true there are more than the effect that the appropriation for McCook Field ought to be one or two other places where they ha\e experimental work in increased to $10,000,000. Does the gentleman suggest I can designing? not get General Mitchell to come before his committee, or any Mr. FITZGERALD. You ha'e correctly stated they do not committee, and explain to them that this is nece ary and want to do any designing at this field because of the conten ought to be done in the intere t of ultimate economy and for tions of pri\ate manufacturers. I say to you, and you know the national defense? I would be very glad to do that. very well, that General Patrick wants to encourage commercial Mr. REID of Tilinois. General Mitchell has been before our aviation development e\erywhere. The Go\ernment has used committee. every ingenuity to encourage it. I know that you ~d I differ 1\lr. FITZGERALD. Let me add, I am one of those who about the proper methods. gave to the fund to purchase this new site for the Government, Mr. REID of Illinois. I do not differ from you. We are and to the best of my knowledge and belief no contributor to going to the same place, only by a different route. I am in the fund has any financial interest in any rompany building favor of a unified ser\ice, and if we e'ler vote for this appro airplanes. priation we will never get it. You know the Army never lets Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman, I have an amendment go of anything it once gets its hands on. pending. Mr. FITZGERALD. That is a prophecy, but I prophesy The CHAIRMAN ( l\1r. BEGG). The gentleman from New quite differently. Time will show which is correct. York has an amendment pending, which the Clerk will read. Mr. REID of Illinois. Do you know that we have not a single The Clerk read as follows : all-metal airplane in the United States? Amendment by Mr. LAGUARDIA to the amendment offered by Mr. Mr. FITZGERALD. Yes; I do, and I am \ery glad to say REID of Illinois: Page 37, line 1, after the word "aircraft," strike that I do know that, and I will tell you why. This whole art out " 14,700,000" and insert in lieu thereof " U4,200,000" ; and after is in a condition of flux. The experiments which are being the word " herein," line 11, page 38. strike out the remainder of the made--- line, and all of lines 12 to 25, both inclusive, on said page ; on line 1, Mr. REID of Illinois. If the art is changing e'lery day, will page 39, strike out the words " owned in fee simple by the United the gentleman tell the committee why General Patrick told the States." Committee on Appropriations he had contracted for ships for three years ahead because they had become so standardized? Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman, my amendment perfects Mr. FITZGERALD. I understand he is doing that,· and I the amendment offered by the gentleman from Illinois and would like for my good friend to realize that we must keep takes out $500 000 which he seeks to strike out from the total up a certain amount of instant preparation for an emergency, amount. I fear that we are a little bit confused here, resulting but we must not squander money in building great fleets of air from the inquiry which was made by the gentleman from ships of one type or the other. There are five different main Oregon [1\fr. WATKINS], and the reply that he received from the types, as you know. We must not squander millions of dollars gentleman from Ohio [Mr. FITZGERALD]. First of all, the com in building those types which may be obsolete in a year or two mittee must know that we have an experimental station at on account of the perfecting of the general designs, and of McCook's Field, Dayton, Ohio, and that this amendment does wings, engines, and other parts. not contemplate discontinuing that station. The experimental The gentleman must know that if the Almen barrel-type work will continue at McCook's Field. This morning I read engine, which is being developed at the McCook Field, is per into the REcoRD the testimony of General Patrick and the te ti fected and can be run at high speed and of a size to develop mony of Admiral Moffett showing that neither of the e gentle high power as succes5;fully as it can already at low speed, it men knew what the other was doing. The appropriation now means the revolutionizing of all the airplanes of the world. In before us is sufficient to carry on the experimental work at the meantime a regard for the safety of American institutions McCook's Field which the gentleman said was so necessary. and the insurance of our great material wealth and prosperity What the provision in the bill seeks to do is to build a new call for at least the number -of planes at once as General station at Dayton on land given to the Government by the Patrick has contracted for. citizens of Dayton. The $500,000 is to move the equipment, 1\fr. REID of Illinois. The McCook Field is an "if" field. build roads, and lay some of the foundations, nothing else. They have never accomplished a single thing. The plan submitted by General Patrick contemplated the ex- 1925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1419 penditure of $4,000,000, according to his testimony, but it will 1\Ir. JOHNSON of Kentucky. 1\fr. Chairman, I rise in op be nearer $10,000,000 than $4,000,000. . . position to the amendment just offered. I think that the we do not want to decide the merits of t~n~ transfer at this gentleman from New York [Mr. LAGUARDIA] who offered it time before we work out the problem of aVIatwn. The gentle will agree that he has inadvertently made an error in writing man from Illinois i on the special committee of the .House and the latter part of his amendment. The language which he the gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. PERKINS] Will agree, .I desires to change at the bottom of the page 38 reads as follows : am ure, with my amendment to strike out the transfer at this Ana p1·ovidea further, That no part of said sum of 300,000 shall time and not start a project of $10,000,000 when ~erhaps next be expended for buildings or improvements on land not owned in fee year we will decide that it is not necessary. That Is all we are simplt' by the United States. a king. . t I want to say to the gentleman from Oh10 tha~ we are ~o If the gentleman's amendment were adopted, then the sen against the project, but we ask to put it off until t~e maJOr tence would read this way : problems of a-viation are settled. We demonstrated this m~rn And provi ded tm·tl!m·, That no part of said sum of $500,000 shall mg that some of the work that is being done at ~1cCook Fte.ld be expended for buildings or improvements on lands not. is done at the aircraft factory in Philadelphia. The dis l\lr. LAGUARDIA. Ob, no; I have proposed to strike out tinguished gentleman from Kansas [Mr. ANTHO~Y] expres::;.ed everything on page 38 after line 11. hi. opinion the other day that he. b~liev~d we ought to un1fy Mr. JOHKSON of Kentucky. I have read the amendment the aviation activities, and the dlStmgmshed gentleman ~rom three times, and I fail to understand why my construction is Pennsylvania [Mr. BuTLER], chairman of the Naval Committee, not correct. often has expressed the same view, and a few days ago General :.\Ir. LAGUARDIA. I have proposed to strike out on page 38, Patrick so testified. after line 11, everything after the word " herein " and all of We are arri-ving at a point where we are going to get some lines 25, both inclusive, and the words on line 1, page 39. good results on this big problem, and it :''oul.d .be foolish to 1\Ir. JOHNSON of Kentucky. I now understand. The enter upon this project now. .If ·McCook F1eld Is. Improper and gentleman is correct. But, 1\fr. Chairman, in respect to the unsafe as somebody has teRtified, tho e responsible for trans . ituation at Dayton, as I saw it, when the matter came before ferring it there from Langley Field in 1918 should answer. the subcommittee on appropriations, the Pre ident sent the We had exactly the same proposition in the Sixty-sixth Con bill oyer from the Director of the Budget to the Congress pro gress in the second ses ion on the 11th and 12th of Decem~er, -viding for $500,000 to be expended for the erection of build 1919. It wa then a different company-it was the 1\Iorame ings on the donated land, and added a provision tllat none of Development Co. wanted to sell land for $800 an acre; and I the money should be expended upon land not owned by the showed that the a se ·sed value was $85 an acre. If I had United States. Then the question arose as to what the word time I would like to read what Mr. ~Iann said, who took the " owned" meant. Inquiry developed the fact that the con floor' and supported my amendment. The appropriation w~s Yeyance of the body of land which bas been presented to the stricken out. The proposition then urged upon us was that if United States by the people of Dayton contained a proviso we did not buy the Moraine Development Co. property, the that when the United States Government ceased to use it for station would be discontinued. No such thing happened. The airplane purposes that it should revert. McCook Field has been functioning for years, and now they Mr. ~'JTZGERALD . 1\Ir. Chairman, will the gentleman come with the same idea for another piece of land. I do not yield? want to prejudice this caRe, but we will detide it on its merits l\Ir. JOHNSON of Kentucky. I would rather proceed a next year. Give us an opportunity before we appropriate more minute first. money, and then have it chai·ged to aviation, although it goes Mr. FITZGERALD. I merely want to ::;et the gentleman for land. right and state that the minute that proposition wa raised it On the same day we acquired another piece of property-the wa · submitted to the donors, and they said that they would Curtiss Elmwood plant, of which I spoke earlier in the day waive even that. for which we paid $1,400,000. It wa said that it was es en l\Ir ..JOHNSON of Kentucky. If the gentleman had posse sed tial. The property wa · afterwards sold, two years later, for him elf in patience for a half minute I would have made that $700,000. That was charged up to a-viation, and yet you won statement myself. As I was saying, the question arose as to der why we have not got anything to show for the money we what might be meant by the word "owned." I took the posi appropriate. tion, and o did the rest of the committee, that a serious ques The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from ~ew tion might arise as to how long the United States might own York bas expired. the property. As has been said here, we are paying $68,000 a Mr. LAGUARDIA. I ask for three minutes more. year for the flying field, which is in the suburbs of Dayton. The CHAIRMAN. I R there objection? As said, these several thousand acres of land were donated There was no objection. with the proviso that whenever the land ceases to be used as l\fr. LAGUARDIA. Now, gentlemen, I hope you will not be a flying field, then the land should revert. The position taken swept off your feet with any idea that any work at Dayton was that sewers and underground electric-light wires and is going to be discontinued. The appropriation bill carries the underground water pipes and such items, including buildings, u ual allowance for McCook Field. Thi. $500,000 has nothing would of necessity have to be built on the land. Then if Con to do with it. The work will be carried on at McCook Field gress at some future time, perhaps at some early time in the the same as all the work will be carried on in Philadelphia, future, discontinued that as a flying field, the donors of that which was appropriated for the other day. There is no hurry land would. get the millions of dollars free of charge that the at all about tran ferring the equipment and starting building Government put into the sewers and the ·e underground ways road and spur at the new field. What is going to happen if for light and water and various other things which would have you appropriate this. If they start building roads and founda to go with a gTeat flying field like that. Then, in order to haye tions, if we afterwards ha-ve a unified service, and production no que tion as to what the word "owned" meant, the com under it is unified, we may find that this is not necessary. mittee got into communication with the donors at Dayton and Then there will be a waste of an additional million dollars and asked them whether they would be willing to give to the Gov nothing to show for it. ernment a fee-simple title, so that when the Government did · Mr. WATKINS. Will the gentleman yield? spend its millions of dollars for sewers, light, and electricity, 1\fr. LAGUARDIA. I will. and all those things, it would still be the property of the Mr. WATKINS. Does not the gentleman think that the United States; and, as the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. FITZ Secretary of War would take care of that in view of this lan GERALD] has said, the donors of that land have acceded to it. guage: So that if we accept the land now it becomes the property of P1·o vided, That such a. site satisfactory to the Secretary of War and the United States, and all the money spent upon it will be for on terms approved by him is provided for this purpose without cost to the benefit of the United States. the Go-.ernment. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Ken tucky has e:A--pired. Mr. LAGUARDIA. There are no buildings on that. We Mr. REID of Illinois. l\fr. Chairman, I ask unanimous con- are entering upon a project involving $10,000,000. The land sent that his time be extended for one minute. is not going to run away. They haYe been trying to give us The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? land 'Elince the Sixty-sixth Congress. I hope, for the sake of the Mr. REID of Illinois. Would the gentleman tell the commit- success of aviation in tbi country, that Y01l will start to-day tee whether or not the United States Government has actually and strike this item out, and gi-ve us a chance to get together the deed in fee simple for the property at the present time? and come here with a comprehensive plan, something con- ) Mr. .JOHNSON of Kentucky. I can not answer that question structive, something definite and final . ..-/ cer tainly, but I ca~ say that the chair!fl~l! of the subco!!!Iuittee I I [1420 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-HOUSE has said that such 1s the case, and I have not the slightest Mr. LAGUARDIA. How much of the land would be under reason to doubt it. If the title has not been completed, I be water in the event of a flood again? lieve it will be perfected before this bill becomes law, and, Mr. ANTHONY. I doubt that very much would be. further, if the bill is left just as the committee has written it, Mr. L..l.GUARDIA. Some would. the $500,000 can not be spent on the donated land until a fee Mr. ANTHONY. That would be all right; if it was for a simple deed has been made to the United States. very few weeks in the spring it would not interfere. Mr. WATKINS. Will the gentleman tell us what is the Mr. W ATKL~S. If the gentleman will yield, what is the value of this new field now? reasonable value of that land? Mr. JOHNSON of Kentucky. I do not know, but I undex Mr. ANTHONY. In this district? stand it is valuable land. Mr. WATKINS. Yes. :Mr. LAGUARDIA. It is filled-in land. Mr. ANTHONY. I have no knowledge of the value of the :Mr. ANTHONY. l\Ir. Chairman, answering the question of land. Back in 1919, alluded to by the gentleman from New the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. REID], I had a telegram from York-- l\1r. Patterson, of Dayton, who is the president of the associa The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired.. tion, that a deed in fee simple would be forwarded at once to Mr. WATKINS. I ask that the gentleman have two more the War Department. minutes. Mr. REID of illinois. The gentleman does not know whether 1\!r. ANTHONY. I ask for :five minutes additional. it has been or not? The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? [After a pause.] Mr. ANTHONY. I have only his statement. The Chair bears none. l\Ir. JOHNSO~ of Kentucky. If it is not done, then these 1.\Ir. Al'-I~HONY. I want to say to the House now, while buildings can not be erected upon it the House rejected the proposition of acquiring the plant of Mr. ANTHONY. 1.\Ir. Chairman, this is the first time the the Dayton-Wright Co. for its permanent development and ex committee bas been placed in the attitude of defending an I -!rimental plant, I think the United States Government lost appropriation for the experimental and development plant at two or three million dollars by not accepting the offer of the Dayton. The committee desires to say to the House that there Dayton-Wright people at that time. If it had accepted that is no question that we absolutely need the continuance of this offer it would now have a permanent home for its experimental experimental and development plant at Dayton. It is abso and development plant at a cost less than half what it will lutely e sential to the successful operation of the Air Service, have to spend now. and, as numerous gentlemen have said on the floor of the Mr. REID of illinois. Will the gentleman yield again? House here, the plant at Dayton is not concerned with the 1.\Ir. ANTHONY. I will. production of new engines or new planes, but is concerned with Mr. REID of Illinois. Is it not true when the Army wanted the testing of every airplane engine and of every new airplane to conduct the experiments in reference to the bombing of the appliance and every new airplane that is brought out by any ships that they had to move the material to Langley Field? inventor or manufacturer in this country, to see whether it is Mr. ANTHONY. Yes, because of the geographic situation; adapted to the use of the military service. manife~tly they could not fly their planes from Dayton to the The money we appropriate here is expended for that pur Chesapeake Bay. pose, and in my opinion it is an absolutely correct statement Mr. REID of Illinois. Is there anything peculiar about Day that the work done there has been of inestimable value to the ton, is it a better airplane area than any other place any- whole airplane science and industry in the way of detecting where? • unsuitable inventions and appliances and in saving the Army Mr. ANTHONY. There is a great advantage in being able from the expenditure of millions of dollars that would have to secure skilled labor. It is right in the center of the highest been the case had they adopted a plane unsuitable to the type of skilled mechanics. service. Now, the situation in regard to airplane-- Mr. REID of Illinois. The United States Government owns :;)fr. REID of Illinois. If the gentleman will yield there, the Selfridge Field? gentleman says it will save them from buying planes unsuit Mr. ANTHONY. Yes. able for the service. Does not the gentleman know as a matter 1\fr. REID of Illinois. Is not there a lot of skilled lnbor of fact that General Patrick ordered 300 planes and the day there? after the purchase they had to discard them? Mr. ANTHONY. That is not a mechanical plant, it is a fly Mr. A....WHONY. Yes; and I stated on the floor the other ing field. But Dayton is near the center of the country, and, day that practically all the money we bad expended for new as one gentleman said, there is a flying atmosphere and a airplanes since the war up to the last year, from the stand closer historical association at Dayton than any other field. point of airplanes we should have had, bas been wasteq, and Mr. LAGUARDIA. And there is an unpleasant recollection that is the reason this committee has refrained from recom in reference to Dayton, too. mending large appropriations to the House for new construc Mr. REID of Illinois. How does the gentleman account for tion of airplanes, because the whole industry has been in a the fact there were three planes at Dayton on November 24 state of flux, and they have only now reached a point where for a test of flying by a corps observation flight and they have they can safely go into such production. not been able to get it? To-day is January 7, and that was Mr. LAGUARDIA. If the gentleman will yield, is it not November 24. true the gentleman has provided for McCook Field in this Mr. ANTHONY. I do not know anything about that. I bill- think the House should accept the proposition outlined in this Mr. M'THONY. Yes; and there is this argument why Mc bill. I think it is in every way an advantage to the Government Cook Field should be wjped out as soon as possible. As the to do so, and whether we proceed this year we will have to go gentleman bas stated here, this is a comparatively small field, ahe:rd next year with the construction of this experimental and about 250 acres, located almost in the city of Dayton, in the development plant. Whether it is done under the united Air midst of houses, manufactories, telephone and telegraph wires, Service or under the service as it is now we will haT"e to go and all kinds of obstructions, and the flyers take their lives in ahead. If we have a united Air Service, there is no question their hands whenever they attempt to make a difficult landing but that the Army will have a major part in any such united there under the adverse conditions which exist. Air Service, and would undoubtedly make the same recom l\Ir. LAGUARDIA. The field has been there since 1917. mendation to us next year for the building of tltis plant at 1\!r. ANTHONY. The buildings are largely constructed of Dayton as it does this year. wood, as the gentleman knows, subject to fire hazard at all Mr. WATKINS. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? times, and I think that every element that can be taken into Mr. ANTHONY. Yes. consideration demands that the McCook Field plant be moved l\Ir. WATKINS. The situation is about this, is it not? The to some permanent location where we can have permanent present facilities are inadequate. What you are trying to do is buildings and where the Air Service can have suitable facili to provide adequate facilities. This item requires in the lan ties for the operation of the plant; and that is just what the guage of the bill that the site acquired shall be satisfactory to committee is trying to do in the recommendation it makes in the Secretary of War and shall be obtained on terms approved this bill We are offered a site in Dayton of 4,500 acres of by him, and it is to be provided without cost to the Government? land, which all the experts say is excellently adapted to the l\Ir. ANTHONY. Yes; rathex than accept it with strings to purpose, and it comes to the Government with a fee-simple it, the committee endeavored to let the people of Dayton un title. The proposition involves an expenditure of $500,000 on derstand that it would be accepted only with a fee-simple title. a plant costing, not $10,000,000, as the gentleman from New Mr. LAGUARDIA. Does not the gentleman believe that York says, but which we are assured can be moved and con prudent and careful legislation would require that we put this structed at a cost not exceeding $4,000,000. ill abeyance for one year~ I \ 1925 OONGRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE 1421 Mr. AI\~HONY. I do not see anything that could be gained Mr. ANTHONY. I think France to-day is first, and England by that. · is second, and this country is perhaps third in the number of Mr. KETCHAM. 1\Ir. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? airplanes and in the size of our service. Mr. ANTHONY. Yes. 1\Ir. SUMMERS of Washington. 1\Ir. Chairman, will the Mr. KETCHAM. Will the gentleman from Kansas please gentleman yield? tell us where the title to the McCook Field land rests? Mr. ANTHOi\TY. Yes. Mr. ANTHONY. We have it under lease now, at a cost of Mr. SUMMERS of Washington. The remarkable statement ov-er $5,000 a month. was made recently that 300 planes were made and promptly Mr. KETCHAM. Is there anything to be realized from the discarded. Let us hear about that. sale? 1\Ir. A.t~THONY. General Patrick alluded, I think, to the 1\Ir. AI\'THOI\'Y. Some old buildings there, worth prac Thomas-Morse plane. That was a few years ago. It was a tically nothing ; but there is some very valua~le machinery light pursuit plane. The committee was told at the time they there which would be transferred to the new s1te. made that Thomas-1\forse plane that it was the very ultimate M/ BRIGGS. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? in fast pursuit planes, and that we ought to go into immediate Mr. ANTHONY. Yes. production of them. But we see, as General Patrick said, 1\Ir. BRIGGS. The gentleman from Illinois [l\Ir. REID] made that after the first year we get them, they go into the second an amazing statement a little while ago when he sai~ that line. practically all of the money that had been spent for aucraft Mr. SUMMERS of Washington. Are we following to-day the had been wasted. advic~ of the officer who advised the production of that plane Mr. ANTHONY. That is true with respect to practically all two years ago? the planes that are used by the Air Service to-day, In other Mr. ANTHO~'Y. I think at that time the Thomas-Morse words, all the planes hitherto made are put in what they call plane represented the ultimate. their second line. Mr. LaGUARDIA. The gentleman is in error about that. l\Ir. BRIGGS. Are all the planes so far made obsolete? It never did represent the ultimate. Mr. ANTHONY. In the development of certain types the l\Ir. REID of Illinois. They are what are known as blind new planes that will be produced with the money carried in planes. this bill will be so far ahead of any that we now have that the Mr. ANTHONY. I happened to be at the Dayton field when others would be placed in the second line. they flew the Thomas-l\lorse and other planes, and I remember The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Kansas a high officer pointing out this Thomas-Morse plane in the air, bas expired. and he said, " There is the type we ought to adopt" Mr. BRIGGS. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that 1\Ir. LAGUARDIA. May I ask whether or not he was a flying the gentleman from Kansas may have two minutes more, or five officer? minutes if he desires it. 1\Ir. ANTHONY. Yes; I think he was a flying officer. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the Mr. PERKll~S. 1\lr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? gentleman from Texas? 1\!r. ANTHONY. Yes. There was no objection. Mr. PERKINS. Did not General l\litchell testify before the Mr. BRIGGS. What is the comparison between our effi Committee on Aircraft that we were not only behind England ciency in aircraft construction and aircraft generally with and France but also Japan in the construction of airplanes? that of foreign nations? . Mr. ANTHONY. We are not behind Japan. 1\Ir. ANTHONY. The committee went into that carefully, Mr. l\10NTAGUE. How are we as to the proportion of people and the evidence produced at the hearings in the testimony killed, who were killed in the operation of aircraft? of General Patrick and General Mitchell, who has just re l\!r. ANTHONY. We have a less number of acci<.lents per fly turned from an investigation of the foreign countries, shows ing hour than any other nation. That has been carefully that absolutely tliere is no question, as the result of his ob investigated and checked up. It is based on the number of sermtions, that in the dev-elopment of airplanes themselves flying hours per plane. The fig'lrres are interesting. For in we are away ahead of any other nation in the world. General stance, it is shown that in 1923 military aviators in France Mitchell says as far as the efficiency of the personnel in this suffered 59 fatal accidents and 78 deaths. The number of flying country is concerned we are also in splendid shape, and there hours per fatal accident was 2,840, and the number of :flying is only one nation possibly that excels us in what he calls the hours per death was 2,150. In Italy they had 12 fatal accidents tactical side, and that is the French. an<.l 12 deaths in 1923. The figures show that we have had a Mr. BRIGGS. The newspapers the other day stated, I less number of fatal accidents per flying hour than any other think quoting from General Patrick, that we hould have 300 country. planes at least in our service. I believe he made that state ment before the Aircraft Investigating Committee. 1\Ir. BLANTOI\.... The gentleman knows that if we were situ l\Ir. ANTHONY. Three hundred planes of the latest type. ated like Great Britain or France, w~ would probably have two When all the planes that are provided for in this bill and or three or four times as many planes as we have now. under contract are completed in 1926 we shall have 1,256 1\fr. ANTHONY. That is true. planes. l\Ir. BLANTON. We would need them then, but we do not need them as we are situated. l\Ir. BRIGGS. How many will be in the first line, as you might call it, instead of in the second class? l\Ir. ANTBO~'Y. That is true. l\Ir. ANTHONY. There will be 366. Mr. BLANTOK. Now, with this three-cornered triangular 1\Ir. BRIGGS. Three hundred and ixty-six in the first fine? fight that has been going on here all day between New York, l\Ir. ANTHO:N'Y. In the fir t line. We under tand that Illinois, and Ohio, how does the gentleman ever hope to get our these planes that General Patrick puts in the second line are Air Service unified? as good as those pos essed by any other nation. 1\fr. Al"\"THONY. I will tell the gentleman what I think. I The CHAIRl\1AN. The time of the gentleman from Kansas think there is perhaps a little . jealousy on the part of the has again expired. airplane manufacturers of the counh·y toward this experimental Mr. BLANTON. 1\fr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent plant at Dayton. that the gentleman from Kansas may proceed for five minutes Mr. BLANTON. I am not talking about the manufacturers, more. but I am talking about New York, Illinois, and Ohio. The CHAIR~IAN. The gentleman from Texas asks unan l\Ir. LAGUARDIA. Well, the gentleman wants to be fair. imous consent that the gentleman from Kansas may proceed He knows \Ye have no ground in and around New York that is for five minutes more. Is there objection? adapted to anything like this. There was no objection. 'l' be CHAIRl\fAN. The time of the gentleman from Kansas 1\Ir. BRIGGS. One other question. In what condition will has again e:\.rpired. The question comes on the substitute offered this leave the United States with reference to its standing for the amendment offered by the gentleman from New York. relatiTely in airplane efficiency as compared with other nations The substitute was rejected. when this program is carried out? The CHAIRMAN. The question next comes on the amend- ~lr. ANTHONY. I still think we will be deficient as to ment offered by the gentleman from New York. numbers of planes, but as to the efficiency of the planes I The amendment was rejected. think we will be ahead. 1\.Ir. LANHA~J. l\Ir. Chairman, I offer an amendment. !llr. BRIGGS. How will we rank with other nations? Is The CBAIRUA.N. The gentleman from Texas offers an it second. or fourth? amendment, which the Clerk will report. . 1422 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE ITANUARY 7 The Clerk read as follows : Mr. ANTHONY. M.r. Chairman, I . reserve a point of order: Amendment offered by Mr. LANHAM : Page 39, line 23, after the word Mr. REID of Illinois. M:r. Chairman, this is the amendment "thereof," insert "The provisions herein made with reference to helium I referred to in my first se,ties of remarks and I want to recall for the acquisition ot land or interest in land by purchase, lease, or your attention merely to the fact that the' Army gives this con condemnation where necessary to explore for, procure, or reserve helium tract to Fokker when the American industry is starving. Thls gas, and also for the purchase, manufacture, construction, maintenance, amendment provides that the United States Army shall buy and operation of plants for the production ther~of and experimentation its planes from American manufacturers. The other part of therewith, shall apply also to the Navy Department." the an;tendment does away with competitive bidding, and I have given my reasons for that. I want to call your attention Mr. LANHAM. Mr. Chairman, I believe that an understand to the way this is hanilled by Great Britain. ing of this amendment will obviate any objection to it, and for According to General 1\Iitchell of the United States Air this reason I wish briefly to explain it. The helium project is Service, Great Britain is to-day the leading air power of the operated on a 50-50 basis by the Army and the Navy. There world, potentially. are two problems in the helium project. One is the problem This is due to the manner in which Great Britain has pro of the conservation of helium, and the other is the problem ceeded in the maintenance and expansion of its civilian aircraft of eurrent supply. By this amendment it is sought to make the industry. provisions in this bill applicable also to the Navy Department, in view of the fact that the two departments are jointly inter The British Government, first of all, wrote up an " approved ested in the development of this great project. It is thought, list" of constructors, not only of manufacturers of complete by newly discovered economies in the extraction of helium and aircraft and engines, but of certain parts distinctly aeronauti the consequent reduction of cost that is foreseen, that likely it cal, the manufacture of which upon a satisfactory scale was will be possible to save a part of the money here approp1·iated. dependent upon research and design. That is the hope of those in control. If this can be done the The requirements for getting on this approved list included adoption of this amendment wil). enable the two branches of engineering ability, financial responsibility, and adequate manu the service, through this saving, to take some steps toward facturing facilities. insuring an adequate current supply. Only aircraft firms going to the fundamental expense of The field from which we are now getting our supply, that engineering and designing had a right to be regarded as a part at Petrolia, Tex., 104 miles north of the city of Fort Worth, of the basic aircraft industry and receive orders from the where we have our plant, is being considerably reduced. The Government. indications are that it may be relatively a. very short time until The British G.overnment laid down the ma.x:lm that it wa.s not gas from that source will not be adequate for our current a competitor of the aircraft industry in design, construction, helium needs. The Government owns a pipe line from the city or repair. Instead of hoarding aircraft repair jobs in Govern of Fort Worth to this Petrolia field. A new field has been ment plants as we do in this country, Great Britain gave them disco-vered at Nocona, situated about 22 miles from this pipe to the industry and thus supplied a regular flow of work line, bearing a gas with a slightly higher percentage of helium through the plants. This flow of business, in turn, lowers the and less carbon dioxide, which has to be removed before costs of production and engineering on new projects and makes the helium is extracted. For these reasons this gas seems war-time manufacturing always available. quite available for production purposes, and it may be acquired, The British Government established the principles of com it is estimated, at a cost considerably less than we are now petition in design as an incentive to the development of the paying for the gas from which we get our helium. A constant art and thus placed a primary definite value to civilian re- cm·rent supply is menaced unless we take advantage of some search and design. • such opportunity as is thus afforded, and here fortunately is The British Government formally recognized proprietary n field close by to which a slight extension of our line will give design rights of the firms on the approved list. u access. Although competition was properly required in the case of The period of probable use of the available supply of this design, and consequently in very small experimental orders new field is estimated variouslY at from 10 to 25 years. In the British Government established and adhered to the prin other words, this amendment, ill view of the fact that the Army ciples of noncompetition in production orders and the alloca and the Navy operate the project on a 5(}-50 basis, is simply tion to firms on the approved list of orders for the material to lend facility in the operation. The amendment provides desired. that the -pt·onsions herein contained shall apply also to the Surely our country should be able to devise some such sys Navy Depu.rtment in order that the two departments may have tem that will help the industry as well as aid the national the arne authority and work hand in hand for the better de defense. velopment of the project, and the economies contemplated in I want to say a word more about Dayton. Yon can see that extraction may make it possible, if this amendment prevails, to the Dayton idea wa.s all right. They wanted to commemorate u e these provisions for increasing our source of cuiTent supply the name of Wright, and they felt really ashamed, o they with the appropriations a-vailable. tried to palm off a. deed on the Government with a. string to Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. Will the gentleman yield? it. Up to date they have not delivered the deed. Mr. LANHAM. Yes. Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. ·wm the gentleman yield? Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. Of course, in the Army bill we :Mr. REID of Illinois. Certainly. do not assume any jurisdiction over the affairs of the Navy. Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. Of course, the gentleman realizes I would like to inquire whether the gentleman has talked to that if they do not deliver the deed this legislation will not those interested in the Navy appropriation bill with reference be effective. to this rna tter. Mr. REID of Illinois. I understand; but that does not keep Mr. LANHAM. I will say to the gentleman that I have taken me fi·om doing my duty here in calling your attention to the this matter up with the chairman of the Military Affairs Com Dayton srtem. The Dayton promoters are the best in the mittee, with the chairman of the Naval Affairs Committee, and world. They not only have the cash-register bu iness, that also with gentlemen on the subcommittee of the Appropriations runs a great part of our country, but they will have the work Committee having naval matters in charge. And with reference of the United States Air Service down and Dayton up on to a precedent for it there was a somewhat' analogous provision accotmt of the action you have taken to-day. concerning the Air Service of the Navy in the Army bill for the l\1r. Alli-rrHOi\TY. Mr. Chairman, I make the point of order :fi cal year of 1921. on the amendment that it is legislation on an appropriation The CHAIRMAN. The question is on agreeing to the amend- bill. ment offered by the gentleman from 'l'exas. The CHAIRML~. Does the gentleman from Illinois desire The amendment was agreed to. to be heard on the point of order? Mr. REJID of Illinois. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment. to ?tlr. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Illinois offers an Mr. REID of Illinois. No ; I do not desire be heard, amendment, which the Clerk will report. Chairman. The Clerk read as follows : The CHAIRMAN. The Chair sustains the point of order, and tb~ Clerk will read. Amendment olrered by Mr. REID of illinois: Page 37, line 16, after The Clerk read as follows: the word " purchase " insert the words " from commercial aircraft manufacturing corporations in this country in which none of the stock The sum of $203,255.95 of the appropriation for the Air Service for is directly or indirectly held, owned, or conh·olled by foreigners " ; and the fiscal year 1923 contained in the "Act making appropriation for in Une 17, after the word " accessories " in ert the words " without the military and non.m.ilituTy activities of the War Department for the advertising or competition." fiscal year ending June 30, 1923, and for other purposes," approved 19Z5 CONGRESSION .A.L RECORD-HOUSE 1423 June 30 1922 shall re-main available until June 30, 1926, for the pay Mr. HILL of Maryland. I will. ment of oblig,ations incurred under contracts executed prior to July Mr. BLANTON. While I admire these flyers, I am not sup 1, 1923. porting the bill to give them some special reward for doing Mr. KETCHAM. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last something that probably every man in the Air Service would word, for the purpose of asking the chairman of the subeom like to have done in their place if he could have had th~ op portunity. I think it is foolishness to talk about rewarding mittee a question. them. We ha-ve not rewarded the distinguished gentleman I am very much interested in the action that is contem~lated with reference to the around-the-world flyers. I would lpre to from Maryland or the distinguished gentleman from New ask the O'entleman whether in connection with the considera York for the service they performed for their country in the tion of the appropriation bin or in the hearings lead:i;ng up to war. We have not rewarded our distinguished friend, the its consideration. any thought was given or any heanngs held gentleman from Ohio [1\Ir. SPEAKS], for the very distinguished service he performed during the war. How are we going to covering that point. end this matter when we start a thing like this? I will say ~Ir. ANTHOi\TY. I suppose the gentleman refers to the mat to the gentleman that while I admire the feat they performed ter of reward for these world flyers? under orders of some Army officer, yet I am not willing to 1\Ir. KETCHAM. Yes. . d pick them out and reward them for something that every Mr. ANTHONY. That would involve new legislatiOn, a.n. other man in the service would have gladly done. of course any legislation would have to come out of the :Mili Mr. HILL of Maryland. Let me say that there were a good tary Affairs Committee. I would like to say a word on th!it many officers rewarded for what they did du.~;ing the war in matter in answer to the gentleman, if the gentleman will one of the same ways that we propose to reward the flyers in permit. thi · bill, and it seemed to me a fitting thing to do. :Mr. KETCHAM. I will be pleased to hear the gentleman. Mr. KETCHAM. Will the gentleman yield? :Mr. ANTHONY. These men did a very wonderful feat, but Mr. HILL of Uaryland. I will it has always occurred to me that there are 500 othe! offi~ers .Mr. KETCHAM. Will the gentleman kindly favor the com in the Air Service who if they had had the opportum~y _could mittee with a brief statement as to the nature of the reward? have perhaps performed it just as well and just as .efticiently, l\Ir. HILL of Maryland. In the dl·aft of this bill recom and for one I am in hopes no such reward will be given these mended by the Secretary of War, which is a redraft of a. bill snccessful flyer as will take away anything that belongs. to already introduced by me, they would promote the command their colleagues and brothers in arms, such as undue promotio~ ing officer of the group 1,000 files and give 500 files to the would. I think the reward should come in the form of rec.o~ remaining officers and promotion to be second lieutenants for tion at the hands of Cone:ress and some substantial recogmtion. the two noncommissioned men in the group who during the .M1·. .KETCHAl\1. I :.ould say to the chairman that the flight were acting as reserve officers, having reserve commis intere t I have is that one of these men happens to come from sions. The bill would further provide for the award of the the congregsional district which I ha.ve the ho:wr to r~present, distingp.ished-service medal to these officers and men and per and, naturally, I have a very great interest m an~g that mission to receive foreign decorations. Then the War Depart relates to a proper recognition of their fine accomplishment. ment added a provision by which they would be entitled to In that connection I was sorry that the gentleman from Texas retire with 75 per cent pay and with an increase of one grade, [l\Ir. BLANTON] the other day should attempt to detract in !lny as was done with reference to the officers who built the Panama way from their glory by a rather critical reference. Certamly Canal. There is also a provision that their promotion should it was a wonderful accomplishment when judged from any in no way affect other promotions. standpoint, and I regretted that very much. l\Ir. CONNALLY of Texas. Will the gentleman yield? 1\Ir. BLANTON. Will the gentleman yield? :Ur. HILL of Maryland. Yes. Ir. KETCHAM. Very gladly. 1\!r. CO!\~ALLY of Texas. I presumed that the committee Mr. BLANTON. The gentleman did not reflect upon thee would offer this, because I saw where the War Department flyers. had outlined the plan. As a matter of fact, the gentleman's l\lr. KETCHAM. I not only heard the gentleman but also committee bas favorably reported the bill? read the REcORD with considerable care Mr. HILL of Maryland. No; it is in committee. :Ur. BLANTON. The gentleman will not find any reflection Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. The gentleman is in favor of it? upon them at all. I was only reflecting up?n ~e fa~t that even Mr. HILL of Maryland. I am, personally. the members of the Committee on Appropriations did not know Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. The gentleman proposes to pro anythinO" at all about what the expense of the flight was, and I mote some of these men a thousand files. stated that they ought to keep up with such things and be able Mr. HILL of Maryland. Captain Smith-- to tell us when we asked such questions. J\lr. CO::\TNALLY of Texas. Because Captain Smith bas been Mr. BARBOUR. It was clearly demonstrated at that time a faithful and efficient officer you promote him a thou and num tha.t the Committee on Appropriations did know what was being bers, and when you do that do you not demote a thousand men done. who perhaps are just as faithful as he was by jumping Cap l\ir. BLANTON. I was speaking solely upon the question of tain Smith over them? expenses and made no reflection upon them at all. Mr. HILL of Maryland. I do not understand that to be the 1\Ir. KETCHAl\I. Then do I understand that the gentleman result. greatly admires what they did? And his criticism was not 1\!r. CONNALLY of Texas. What becomes of the thousand directed to them, but to the money spent? men that he jumps? l\Ir. BLANTON. Certainly, I do. The gentleman himself Mr. HILL of Maryland. They are precisely where they were does not admire what they did any more than I do. in the first place. Mr. KETCHAM. Then I will very gladly withdraw the 1\lr. CONNALLY of Texas. They have another man ahead observation I made. of them, do they not? The pro forma amendment was withdrawn. Mr. HILL of Maryland. The bill prondes that the promo· The Clerk read as follows : tion shall not affect the ordinary promotions. OFFICJll OF THE CHIEF OF AIR SXRVIClll . The CHA!R}.1Al.'l". The time of the gentleman from Mary Salaries: Por personal services in the District ot Columbia in ac land has expired. cordance with " The classification act of 1923," $211,191. Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that the gentleman from Maryland have two minutes more. 1\fr. HILL of Maryland. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike I want to ask him a question. out the last word. I simply want to say in reference to the 'l'he CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of tho question the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. KETCHAM] asked gentleman from New York? that there was a hearing held by the Committee on Military There was no objection. Affairs yesterday on a bill to reward the around-the-world Mr. LAGUARDIA. I agree with the gentleman that these flyers, and the Secretary of War appeared before the com intrepid flyers should be rewarded ; but does the gentlema:::1 mittee and recommended certain legislation, which was a re believe that he is rewarding these gallant young men when he draft of a bill which bad already been put in, which would suggests giving them a distinguished service medal, the same give very adequate recognition to the flyers. medal that was so freely given, and also given to an officer Mr. BLANTON. Will the gentleman yield? whom Secretary Hughes, because of an investigation, said Mr. HILL of Maryland. I yield. should be indicted. Is that honoring these men? Mr. BLANTON. I will say to my distinguished friend, the Mr. IDLL of Maryland. The same medal and only Ameri gentleman from Michigan [Mr. KETCH.Al£], if the gentleman can decoration that was given General Pershing I consider the from Maryland will permit-- highest honor to these men or any other men. 1424 OONGR.ESSION AL R.EOOR.D-HOUSE JANUARY 7 Mr. HUJ.~L of Iowa. :Mr. Chairman, I want to call the touches a button and puts the pressure upon it. For instance, attention of the House, in answer to the gentleman from the gentleman from Iowa is very much interested in this ques 'l'exas [~Jr. CoNNALLY], to the fact that the Military Committee tion of rewarding the e gentlemen, as is the distinguished gen was about to take action in regard to this matter. It was tleman from Maryland [1\Ir. HILL], who has been lying awake before the committee on yesterday, and the same objection nights thinking about rewarding the e officers. They believe that has been raised here was brought forth by that com in the matter strongly, but they did not act, until last week I mittee. The Committee on Military Affairs for the 10 years saw where the Chief of Staff and the Secretary of War and all that I have been on the committee has never been inclined to parties in the department had agreed on a bill. The bill was take the advice of the Regular Army, and the gentleman from submittoo to the Committee on :Military Affairs, and then all Texas knows that very "·ell. at once the Military Affairs Committee realized that this burn l\lr. CONNALJ..~Y of Texas. The "gentleman from Texas" ing issue must be met and acted upon at once, and the gentle knows a great deal, but that is not within his knowledge. man from Iowa [Mr. HULL], although he bitterly resented the [Laughter.] idea that the Military Committee was not watchful, with its Mr. HULL of Iowa. Then the gentleman has not watched teeth and face set like stone against the Regular Army, in what was going on. The Committee on 1\Iilitary Affairs has explaining admitted that he did not know anything about this fought the Regular Army in a great number of matters where. measure until the Secretary of War came and explained the the Regular Army has said it was vital for the national de bill-a bill fathered not by the department but, I suppose, fense. That is a well-known fact in this House. I do not fathered by the gentleman from Iowa or the gentleman from know what the .committee will do in regard to this qnestion of Maryland. But these gentlemen, in order to get the terms of the advancement for the flyers. It is true, though, that two the bill well into their heads, had to await the benevolent and years ago we passed a law putting all officers of the Army on generous appearance of the Secretary of War before the com a single list line of promotion. The object of that law was to mittee to explain the bill in which these gentlemen and their do away with any favoritism in the promotion list of the Army. committee were so wrapped up. So, I take it, that the gen The argument for it was that it would put every man on an tleman was too sensitive when I opined that the committee will equality and there would be no promotion made of anybody act after the department has acted. out of order. This bill is drafted in such a way that it will Mr. HILL of Maryland rose. not demote anybody, but it will upset, in my opinion, that l\ir. CONNALLY of Texas. I yield to the gentleman from single lisf line of promotion. I am inclined to think that it is Maryland-but he must keep his hand off his hip pocket, a very dangerous precedent to start just after we have pro please. [Laughter.] vided the law to do away with that very thing. Mr. IDLL of Maryland. Oh, I make a special point of I do not want this taken as an indication that I shall not having hip pockets, because they are too suspicious nowa oppose the advancement and citation of the flyers. They ha'\"e days. Therefore I do not have them put into my clothes. performed a wonderful deed. But it is, as some gentleman has Mr. CO:NNALLY of Texas. Very well. When the gentle stated, if you start this thing of promoting officers out; of the man is unarmed, I am willing to yield to the gentleman. single line list you will not know where you are going to stop l\Ir. HILL of Ma1·yland. Let me assure the gentleman that in the future. this particular bill, on which a hearing was held yesterday, Mr. KETCH.Al\f. Will the gentleman yield? was introduced a month ago, and the Committee on Militru:y l\fr. HULL of Iowa. Yes. Affau·s asked a report upon it from the \Var Department, as 1\Ir. KETCHAM. Will the gentleman give us any informa they do on all other things. tion he has with reference to the prospect of early action on Mr. CONNALLY of Te:xas. I thank the gentleman from this matter leading up to possible action before this Congress Maryland for affirming and clinching my argument. Some E'Xpires? body surreptitiously introduced the bill and then got it before 1\lr. HULL of Iowa. That is in the minds of several of the Committee on Military Affairs, where it slumbered for a the Committee on Military Affairs and I will say that I think whole month. Then the committee wanted to know what was tlJat some bill will probably be reported to the House. in the bill, what its provisions were, and called on the War The CHAIR:\IAN. The time of the gentleman from Iowa has Department for a report upon it. The War Department did expired. not introduce the bill. Some gentleman on the Committee on Mr. HULL of Iowa. .Mr. Chairman, I a:-:k for two minutes Military Affairs introduced the bill. more. Mr. HULL of Iowa rose. 'rhe CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. I now yield to the gentleman There was no objection. from Iowa [~1r. HULL]. Mr. HULL of Iowa. I do not think, howe\er, that it will Mr. HULL of Iowa. I did not ask the gentleman to yield. be any of the bills so far introduced. I have my individual Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. Oh, I beg the gentleman's par opinion in regard to it. I think it will probably cite them for don. IJ.'hen I yield again to the gentleman from Maryland. distinguished service with a medal or something of that kind. l\fr. HILL of Maryland. I merely want to say to the gentle I do not know bow far the committee will go with promotions. man that ~he bill was introduced and the War Department was ..Ur. KETCHAM. Whatever bill comes before the committee asked to express its opinion. It was not the other way. will undoubtedly have the unanimous consent of that com Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. Oh, I see. mittee? Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. 1\Ir. Chairman, will the gentle l\lr. HULL of Io"·a. I doubt that very much. :\Iy expel'i man yield? ence is that the Committee on Military Affairs is rarely Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. Yes. unanimous. l\Ir. DICKINSON of Iowa. Does the gentleman think the ::Ur. RATHBONE. Will the gentleman yield? Committee on Military Affairs is any more subject to the in Mr. HULL of Iowa. I will. dictment than the Foreign Affaii·s Committee, of which the Mr. RATHBONE. Ha-ring introduced one bill myself co\er gentleman from Texas is a member? ing this matter I would like to ask if the committee has con Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. Not all. If the gentleman from sidered providing a financial compensation for these flyers. Iowa had been as attentive to my former remarks as he is at Has that element been approved? present, he would have noticed that I said a little while ago l\Ir. HULL of Iowa. No; nothing definite bas been done by that I did not make the charge speciiically against the Com the committee. 'This bill was introduced and taken to the mittee on Military Affairs any more than against some other committee, and the Secretary of War came to the committee committees in this House. That is the trouble with all of them. and explained it. That is as far as it has gone. I understand They go to sleep. · that to-morrow the committee -will probably call it up. The CH.AIRM.,L.~. The time of the gentleman from Te:xas Mr. CON~ALLY of Texas. ~Ir. Chairman, I rise in opposi has expired. tion to the amendment offered by the gentleman from Iowa Mr. CO~NALLY of Texas. I ask unanimous consent to pro- [l\Ir. Hm]. The gentleman from Iowa [Mr. Hm] is unduly ceed for one minute more. ·en itive about the Military Committee. I did not mean to The CILUHMAN. Is there objection? imply that the Committee on l\Iilitary .A.ffau·s is any more There was no objection. obsequious toward the departments than most of the other l\lr. CONNALLY of Texas. That is the trouble with us. committees of tbe House. The gentleman seems to have been Reverting to my remarks in the beginning, I said that if you offended, because he said I had made a charge that the Com promoted these officers by giving them a thousand additional mittee on Military Affairs was about to act on something. I numbers you would militate against the interests of a thousand grant you that that was probably unwarranted. [Laughter.] men over whom they were passed. Of course, you will not The Committee on Military Affair , like other committees in demote anybody. You will not take captains and make them this Bouse, as a rule does not act until some department lieutenants, but you will make every one of a thousand men 1925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 11425 one number more distant or remote from the head of the Army, and other appliances that I have referred to in order that the to which each one of them aspires. That is what I say. But work may be done accurately and at the same time rapidly. the gentleman from Iowa shakes his head. If each component in our great ordnance requirement program l\lr. McSWAIN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? had to be manufactured by laboratory method&-that is, if Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. Yes. each part had to fitted with a file or some other kind of tool, Mr. McSWAIN. In reply to that let. me say that they have each part being made separately-the cost would be absolutely gotten up a very ingenious device along this line of advancing prohibitive. a thousand Infn. These men will not be ahead of them, but The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. they will be right alongside of the men, so that i.f a major be Mr. TILSON. I ask to proceed for five additional minutes. comes a lieutenant colonel, there will be two lieutenant colonels. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Connecticut asks :Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. I understand now why the gen unanimous consent to proceed for five additional minutes. Is tleman from Iowa [Mr. DICKINSON] shakes his head. The gen there objection? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. tleman fi·om Iowa shakes his head when he says that that will Mr. TILSON. The same principle is used in the making .of not remove these thousand numbers any further from the head watches, bicycles, and so forth. Mr. Ford in the manufacture of the Army, and I thank my friend from South Carolina [Mr. of his automobiles has utilized to a very remarkable degree McSwAIN] for explaining, because he says that puts them side the principle of the interchangeability of parts. It is that by side so that when it comes to making a colonel, instead of which has made possible the making of watches on such a making one colonel, both of them being side by side, absolutely cheap scale. You can buy a watch for a dollar that will keep on a parity, so that they can not choo e between them, and excellent time. Why? Because each of the many parts of the not having Solomon's plan or test of choice there to decide as watch is made by a precision device, so that all are made just to which one of the twins shall be favored, the great economist alike. from Iowa creates another place. In other words, one can stamp out rapidly a bushel measure They do not need but one colonel, but when they economize full of each different part and then bring them together and they, make two colonels. They will make two colonels grow assemble them. where but one grew before. [Laughter and applause.] The same is true with respect to munitions, whlch have to The CHAIRMAN. The pro forma amendment is withdrawn, be manufactured in very lH.rge quantities. In fact, the prin and the Clerk will read. ciple of interchangeability in manufacture has been developed The Clerk read as follows: in the making of ordnance, although it is now applied more GAUGES, DIES, AND .TIOS FOR liANUFACTURl!l largely to the industries of peace than those of war. Never For the development and procurement of gauges, dies, jigs, and theless, it was first begun in the manufacture of muskets. It other special aids and appliances, including specifications and detailed has been developed in the manufacture of firearms, and now. of drawings, to carry out the purpose of section 123 of the national de course, it is used in all the highly developed industries. tense act, approved June 3, 1916, as amended by the act approved June I speak of this matter now because I wish my colleagues to have in mind its great importance to our Military Establish 4, 1920, $50,000. ment and so that in case a larger appropriation· is called for 1\lr. TILSON. 1\Ir. Chairman, I move to strike out the last next year they will not be surprised and will understand that word. The paragraph of the bill just read appropriates in the end it is a great economy, besides being absolutely essen $50,000 for the development and procurement of gauges, dies, tial to a proper degree of preparation for national defense. jigs, and other . pecial aids and appliances, including speci [Applause.] fications and detailed drawings, to carry out the purpose of The CHAffiMAl~. Without objection, the pro forma amend section 123 of the national defense act. As the older Members ment \vill be withdrawn:. of the House know, I had much to do with the enactment of Mr. ANTHONY. Mr. Chairman, I mo-ve that the committee section 123 of the national defense act and have taken a deep do now rise. interest in the appropriations made under it. The motion was agreed to. This appropriation of $50,000 is the same amount that was Accordingly the committee rose; and the Speaker having carried last year and is the amount recommended by the resumed the chair, Mr. LucE, Chairman of the Committee of Budget. I refer to it now largely because this item is destined the Whole House on the state of the Union, reported that that to grow in future appropriation bills-and it should grow. In committee having under consideration the bill (H. R. 11248) the next appropriation bill there should be '100,000 instead of making appropriations for the military and nonmilitary activ $50,000. The reason for the increase is this : The first work ities of the War Department for the fiscal year ending June done under this paragraph is necessarily engineering work, 30, 1926, and for other purposes, had come to no resolution designing, producing the drawings, and so forth. Compara thereon. tiv~ly few can be engaged in this kind of work, and there LEAVE OF ABSENCE fore the amount of the appropriation necessary is compara tively small. When designs are prepared and the necessary By unanimous consent, leave of absence was granted as drawings are made, then, in the interest of economy as well as follows: in the interest of the national defense, we ought to go further To Mr. GRIFFIN, for an indefinite period, on account of illness. and faster in the production of these special appliances. To Mr. RANKIN, for one day, on account of business. I shall speak only of gauges, because it is the most im THE DEFICIENCY APPROPBIATIO'N BILL portant item of those mentioned, and the principle involved in Mr. AYRES. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex the application of gauges is the same as in the case of the tend in the REcoRD my remarks on the deficiency appropriation other special appliances. The making of gauges is a very bill that was passed to-day. highly skilled art. There are a very limited number of gauge The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Kansas asks unani makers in the country-and the number can not be rapidly mous consent to extend his remarks on the deficiency appro- increased. In case of emergency this work could not be very priation bill. Is there objection? · largely expanded, and if rapidly expanded it would mean that There was no objection. · the work would be unskillfully done and, by the same token Mr. AYRES. :Mr. Speaker, the deficiency appropriation bill costly both in the immediate and after effects. ~'herefore it just passed carries an item of $150,000,000 to pay back money is important from every point of view that this work be done to income-tax payers whose claims long ago were found to be in time of peace, when it can be done carefully and at very justly due the taxpayer. The Appropriations Committee is much less expense than in case of an emergency. led to believe that this will be sufficient to meet all these Ur. MORTON D. HULL. Will the gentleman yield? claims for such refunds up until December, 1925. It is hoped Mr. TILSON. I will. that the administration or the Treasury Department will use Mr. l\IORTON D. HULL. My attention was diverted at the this appropriation for the purpose intended by Congress, and moment. What is the particular use of these gauges and spe not do as it did with the last appropriation made for this pur cial appliances? pose. Mr. TILSON. They are absolutely necessary in the produc In view of certain things that took place in the recent cam tion of such munitions of war as must function accurately. paign I think it might be well to call attention to certain tax For instance, the rifle, the machine gun, the automatic re payers throughout the country, just what happened to them, volver, a.D.d the time fuse used in the discharge of a shell must and the causes thereof. all function with extreme nicety. In the case of any and all Last April a deficiency appropriation bill was passed by of those things that must be produced in very large quantities Congress in the sum of $105,467,000. This was upon the recom and yet must function ve1·y accurately it is necessary they be mendation of the Treasury Department and for the specific pnr fitted and fini hed with a very great degree of accuracy. In pose of paying these claims of taxpayers whose money the order to do this we must have these precision devices, gauges, Government had taken from them illegally and admittedly so, 1426 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE and had been retaining it from two to three and four years, direct order from President Coolidge. I am assuming, of cour e, thus holding it from the taxpayer who needed his money. At that these letters sent out by the administration by and the time we made this appropriation we felt justice was being through tbe various collectors of internal revenue throughout done in a measure at least to a class of outraged income-tax the country '"'ere the same as sent out by the re\enue col payers. That is chapter one. lector of my State, as the whole thing seems to ha\e been the We also passed a deficiency appropriation bill of $16,100,000 carrying out of a well~defined scheme or plan. I have in my to take care of the refunding of 25 per cent of the 1923 taxes State for internal revenue collector a very resourceful or which Congress provided should be saved the taxpayers on the astute politician. It might be well for me to read the letter taxes paid last year. This tax: was legally collected by the containing these glad tidings which he sent out. It is as Government. In fact, only a small portion had been paid by the follows: taxpayer, as most taxpayers pay theii· income taxes in install TREASURY DEPARTMEKT, ments and were allowed the deduction of 25 per cent on subs~ l~TERXAL REVEXUE SER\ICE, quent payments; but, as I have related, we appropriated Wichita, Kans. $16,100,000 to meet these refunds. This appropriation, how DF,1R TAXPAYER : The inclosed check represents a refund of a por ever, failed to pass the other branch of Congress; therefore tion of the Federal income tax paid by you. Such refund is made in there was no appropriation to meet these few payments and accordance with section 1200 of the revenue act of 1924, which pro there could not be any such .a.ppropriation until the present vides for a 25 per cent reduction of tax on income received by indi session of Congress. That is chapter 2. viduals during the calendar year 1923. What happened is a strange and interesting story, which This remittance is made possible at this time by direct order from might be well to relate in this concluding chapter. On July President Coolidge that funds already appropriated covering refun :_ By 1\Ir. KUNZ: A bill (H. R. 11427) to correct the military SEN ...t\.TE tecord of Rocco Pecora ; to the Committee on Military Affairs. By 1\Ir. LEAVITT: A bill (H. R. 11428) granting an increase THURSDAY, Janua1·y 8, 1925 of pension to Louise Hatch ; to the Committee on Invalid Pen ~(Legislative day of Monday, January 5, 19Z5)' sions. By 1\Ir. NEWTON of Missouri: A bill (H. R. 1142n) for the The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, on the expiration or relief of Maria 1\Iaykovica; to the Committee on Claims. the recess. By 1\Ir. REECE: A bill (H. R. '11430) granting an increase of MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE-EN~OLLED BILLS Al\1> JOI~T RESOLU' pension to Michael Malloy ; to the Committee on Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 11431) granting an increase of pension to TIO~ SIGNED Noah H. Stout; to the Committee on Pensions. A message from the House of Representatives by Mr. Chaffee, Also, a bill (H. R. 11432) granting an increase of pension one of its clerks, announced that the Speaker of the House to Charles R. 'Vilcox; to the Committee on Pensions. had affixed his signature to the following enrolled bills and Also, a bill (H. R. 11433) granting a pension to Laura Sisk; joint resolution, and they were thereupon signed by the Presi4 to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. dent pro tempore : · By 1\Ir. TAYLOR of Tennessee: A bill (H. R. 11434) grant S. 648. An act for the relief of Janie Beasley Glisson; ing a pension to Newton Seymour; to the Committee on Pen S. 807. An act authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to sions. determine and confirm by patent in the nature of a deed of Also, a bill (H. R. 11435) granting a pension to F. A. Turpin; quitclaim the title to lots in the city of Pensacola, Fla.; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 1762. An act providing for the acquirement by the United Also, a bill (H. R. 11436) granting a pension to Alice A. States of privately owned lands within Taos County, N. l\lex., Keith; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. known as the Santa Barbara grant, by exchanging therefor By Mr. VAILE: A bill (II. R. 11437) granting a pension to timber, or lands and timber, within the exterior boundaries of Eva 1\l. Fleck ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. any national forest situated within the State of New Mexico; By Mr. VESTAL: A bill (H. R. 11438) granting a pension to S. 2559. An act to establish an Alaska game commission to Jeremiah Hiatt; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. protect game animals, land fur-bearing animals, and birds in By Mr. VINSON of Kentucky: A bill (H. R. 114:39) granting Alaska, and for other purposes ; an increase of pension to Asa C. Pieratt ; to the Committee on S. 3058. An act giving the consent of Congress to a boundary Pensions . agreement between · the States of New York and Connecticut; . By 1\Ir. WHITE of Kansas: A bill (H. R. 11440) granting an S. 3584. An act to extend the time for completing the con· increase of pension to Sarah S. Vaughan; to the Committee on struction of a bridge across the Delaware River; Pensions. H. R. 8906. An act to amend the act entitled "An act for the By Mr. WILSON of Indiana: A bill (H. R. 11441) granting retirement of employees in the classified civil service, and for an increase of pension to Margaret E. Bates; to the Com otl;ler purposes," approved May 22, 1920; and mittee on Invalid Pen ·ions. H. J. Res. 2G9. Joint resolution establishing a commis ion for Also, a bill (H. R. 11442) granting an increase of pension to the participation of the United States in the observance of the Matilda J. Williams; to the Committee on In\alid Pensions. one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the Battle of Lexing Also, a bill (H. R. 114-!3) granting an increase of pension ton and Concord, authorizing an appropriation to be utilized to Jane Lupton; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. in connection with such observance, and for other purposes ; By Mr. FULLER: Resolution (H. Re .. 391) to pay to Norman SENATOR FROM CO~NECTICUT E. I\es $1,500 for extra and expert services to the Committee The PRESIDE-:\~ pro tempore laid before the Senate the on Invalid Pensions by detail from the Bureau of Pensions ; certificate of the Governor of the State of Connecticut certifv- to the Committee on Accounts. . ing to the election of HIRAM BINGHAM as a Senator from th~t · By Mr. GRAHAM: Resolution (H. Res. 392) for the con State to fill the unexpired portion of the term ending on the sideration of the bill H. R. 8206 ; to the Committee on Rules. By Mr. PERKINS: Resolution (II. Res. 397) for the relief 4th day of l\Iarch, 1927, which was read and ordered to be filed, of the widow of Earl D. Hester, late an employee of the House as follows: of Representatives; to the Committee on Accounts. STATE OF CONNECTICUT, EXECUTIVE DEPARTME~T. To the PnESIDEXT OF THE SE~ATE OF THE UNITED S'I'ATES: PETITIONS, ETC. This is to certify that on the 16th day of December, 1924, Hon. Under clause 1 of Rule JQrii petitions and papers were laid HIRAM BINGHAM was duly chosen, by the qualified electors of the State on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows : of Connecticut, a Senator from said State to represent said State in 3374. By Mr. COOK: Petition of H. L. Lansten and 15 others, the Senate of the United States to fill the unexpired portion of the term of Longansport, Ind., against Sunday observance bill ( S. 3218) ; ending on the 4th day of ::Ul!rch, 1927. to the Committee on the District of Columbia. Witness: His excellency our governor, Charl('S A. Templeton, and our 3375. By Mr. DRANE : Petition of Florida Federation of seal hereto affixed at Hartford this 3d day of January, in the year of Womens Clubs, 1\Irs. Julia A. Hanson, Fort l\Iyers, chairman, our Lord, 1925. Seminole Indian Reservation; 1\Irs. Charles E. Hawkins, re CH-AS. A. crmrPL.ETO~, Governor. cording secretary, requesting that the appropriation for the By the governor: Seminole Indians in Florida be increased to $15,000 annually ; [SEAL.] · FRA~CIS A. P ALLOTTI, to the Committee on Indian Affairs. Secretary of State. 3376. By Mr. GALLIVAN: Petition of Associated Industries of Massachusetts, recommending early and favorable consider SE~ATOR FROM 1'\EW .MEXICO ation of the Wadsworth-Garrett amendment to the Constitu The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair presents a com tion ( S. J. Res. 109; H. J. Res. 68), which provides that all munication from the Senator from New Mexico [l\Ir. Bu:& proposed amendments to the Constitution of the United States su:M], which the Clerk will read, and after being read the shall be submitted for ratification to the electors of such State papers will he filed with the Secretary of the Senate. or to a special convention called in each State for that purpose The principal legislative clerk read as follows: according as each State may determine; to the Committee on U:"\IT£0 STATES SE~ATE, the Judiciary. . CO.MMI1.'TEE 0~ PEXSIO:"\S, 3377. By Mr. MEAD: Petition of Colonel E. H. Liscum Garri Janu,ary 6, 1925. son, No. 4, Army and Navy Union, favoring the passage of Hon. ALBERT B. CUMMINS, House bill G934; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. President of the Senate, United States l:Senate. 3378. By Mr. PIIILLIPS: Petition of citizens of New Castle, Pa., protesting against the enactment into law of the com MY DEAU SE~ATOr:.: Inclosed herewith my notice of contest which pulsory Sunday obsenance bill ( S. 3218) ; to the Committee has been served upon my opponent, and proof of service thereof at on the District of Columbia. tached to the notice. I request that this notice be referred to the 3379. By 1\Ir. PRALL: Petition of Colonel E. H. Liscum Gar appropriate committee. rison, No. 46, Army and Navy Union, Elmira, N. Y., praying Sincerely yours, for the immediate enactment of House bill 5934 to increase H. 0. BcRsu:~r. the pensions of Civil and Spanish War veterans and their The PRESIDEi'\'T pro tempore. The Chair is of the opinion· wi~ows and children; to the Committee on Pensions. - _ that it has no power to refer the notice to a committee at the