Download the Local Assessment of the City of Lyon

Urban solar planning The Local state of the art sur le Grand Lyon

Source : “DIAGNOSTIC ENERGIES RENOUVELABLES DU TERRITOIRE DE L’AGGLOMERATION LYONNAISE A FIN 2006, ET ETUDE DU POTENTIEL A L’HORIZON 2020 » - AXENNE

Entity : Local Energy Agency of the Greater Lyon

Developers : Karine RENARD

!"#$%&' Urban solar planning ...... 1 1. Political, Legal and economic framework...... 4 1.1. Is there a local energy plan or energy strategy in your city? What are the main objectives and targets towards energy efficiency and renewable energies? ...... 4 1.2. Existing local solar photovoltaics/thermal/renewable obligations...... 4 1.3. Financing mechanisms and available subsidies on local level to adopt solar technologies...... 5 2. Urban practices framework ...... 5 2.1. Describe briefly the main criteria on the current urban practices, e.g. guidelines for urban plans development and requirements on urban solar planning if existing...... 5 2.1.1. If there are no guidelines on urban solar planning, explain the political process to develop the legal bounding framework. At what administrative level would a urban solar planning obligation be decided and managed? How much time would/can such a process last?...... 5 2.1.2. Did you have tentative start-ups of similar experience in the past? ...... 6 2.2. Do you or would you face problems with large exemption categories, e.g. historical buildings or landscape protected areas?...... 6 The Greater Lyon and especially the city of Lyon offers a very rich historical heritage. These historic buildings constitute a protected perimeter which makes complex an intervention on the nearby buildings...... 6 2.3. How is the urban solar planning obligation monitored, or by which means would be adequate to monitor/control the effective implementation of the urban solar planning requisites?...... 8 For us, to create a very strong increase of solar installations in urban zones, it is necessary: ...... 8 1-that the Greater Lyon could, experimentally, impose certain points in the PLU. As for example, to impose the installation of thermal solar panels for the new constructions of housing ...... 8 2-That the validation of these bonds is made by the municipalities directly, during the instruction of the building permit ...... 8 3-That there are specific trainings for the actors of the energy (craftsmen, French national architect, professionals of the energy)...... 8 4-that there is a series of tests to validate decisions and make feedback experiences,...... 8 5-and finally, spread most widely these good practices...... 8 This strategy is in POLIS project ...... 8 Which are the local stakeholders involved in promoting urban solar planning and what is their attitude towards renewable obligation (e.g. are building companies used to renewable)? ...... 8 2.4. Which local networks are available to promote and disseminate urban solar planning?...... 9 3. Building Stock ...... 10 3.1. Provide some data on the existing local building stock...... 10 3.2. Please indicate future construction/renovation projects in your city where effective policy for urban solar planning could be implemented...... 11 3.3. Refurbishment activities: please quantify the refurbishment activities in your municipality with as much details as possible (e.g. refurbishment rate, costs of refurbishment...)...... 12 4. Solar Market and Potential...... 13 4.1. Installed solar (thermal/photovoltaic) capacity on local level...... 13 4.2. Solar energy effective contribution in the local energy mix...... 17

4.3. Percentage of energy request to be covered if such capacity would be reached...... 18 4.4. Are there renewable technologies widely spread in your city which could therefore contribute to the renewable obligation? ...... 18 There are many heating networks using wastes and wood combustion...... 18 We have 5 heating networks on the Greater Lyon : ...... 18

1. Political, Legal and economic framework

1.1. Is there a local energy plan or energy strategy in your city? What are the main objectives and targets towards energy efficiency and renewable energies?

The Greater Lyon has committed about energy through the climate plan one of Diary 21 axes. Therefore it has committed to reduce out of 20% the greenhouse gases before 2020 (2000 basis). It is the same commitment for energy consumption. Well, the last commmitment is to increase part of renewable energy to 20% out of total comsumption. Final objectif is to reduce by 4 greenhouse gas emissions before 2050 ". Aware that it cannot deal alone with this major challenge, urban community defined 3 axes of intervention:

- It’s own Activities and patrimonies (buildings and vehicles, public contracts, industrial plants of purification and waste treatment) which represent between 1 to 5 % out of the GHG emitted and it’s also a strong stake for exemplarity . - public politics or planned by the Urban community (town planning, persons’s moving, social housing, economic development) X impacting on approximately 20 % out of the GHG emitted. - All other activities (moving of goods and persons, especially in transit, economic activities, construction and management of residential buildings, economic activity, general interest).

That is why development of renewable energies is a strong axe of the Climate Plan. Objectives for 2020 : - Setting-up of photovoltaic panels for 5,6 millions of m2 ( large roof first ) - Setting-up of thermal solar energy panels for 670 000m2

Source : Diagnosis the Greater Lyon climat Plan.

1.2. Existing local solar photovoltaics/thermal/renewable obligations

There is no obligation for setting-up of renewable energy, neither on national level nor on local level. The fact to impose any setting-up for any kind of energy type is impossible on local level However via its referential environmental quality of buildings, Greater Lyon encourages using solar energy : - setting objectives of global low consumption (heating, hot water, electricity, cold and auxiliary) to 60 kWh / m2.year - Imposing a 20% cover rate by renewable energy Only buildings on public grounds sessions, social housing or URBAN DEVELOPMENT ZONES (“ZAC”) (this is a French law arrangement procedure of town planning established by guidance law no 67-1253 of December 30th, 1967 to substitute itself in zone to urbanize first and foremost (“ZUP”), and modified a lot since. It is a procedure of town planning production with a program on several lots. Its objectives could cover the whole zone and therefore more accurate than national regulations) have to respect these rules.

Source : referentiel du Grand Lyon

1.3. Financing mechanisms and available subsidies on local level to adopt solar technologies

Mobilizable local helps for private individuals: some municipalities of the Greater Lyon commit themselves directly Individual solar boiler individual solar heating photovoltaic region Rhône alpes 300 ! 1 000 ! non département of Rhône 100 ! 100 ! 500 ! city of Feyzin 300 ! 300 ! 500 ! city of Dardilly 300 ! 1 000 ! 700 ! city of Chassieu 200 ! non 200 ! city of Solaize 300 ! 1 000 ! 300 !

* Help depends on level of incomes Local help for collective Project : - Region Rhône-Alpes: thermal solar hot water : renewable energy project about 20 % out of duty- free price up to 0,5! for produced kWh OR 50 000! - ADEME Rhône-Alpes: help for thermal solar installations of 40 % up to 1,75 the kWh.

2. Urban practices framework

2.1. Describe briefly the main criteria on the current urban practices, e.g. guidelines for urban plans development and requirements on urban solar planning if existing.

It is possible to indentify 3 documents concerning the town planning which are references on the Greater Lyon territory : - Diary 21 allowing to fix urban objectives directly linked to sustainable development - Referential “Environmental Quality of Greater Lyon Housing imposing the use of a 20 % minimum with renewable energy - Referential of “ecological zones development (being validated) should also impose a minimum use for renewable energies

2.1.1. If there are no guidelines on urban solar planning, explain the political process to develop the legal bounding framework. At what administrative level would a urban solar planning obligation be decided and managed? How much time would/can

such a process last?

The Greater Lyon has an Atmosphere protection Plan (the PPA were introduced by the Law on Air and Rational Use of Energy (LAURE) in December 30th, 1996). This plan is applied to conglomerations bigger than 250 000 inhabitants and to zones where the air quality limit values are not respected.

It aims at reaching in the zone lower level for the pollutant concentration than the limit values To do so, particular prescriptions applicable to the various emission sources (boilers, factories, road traffic, and wood combustion) are taken by prefectural order. Every plan has to be the object of a public inquiry.

The Greater Lyon’s Plan possesses specific file on solar energy with index card action : " develop thermal solar energy in constructions and rehabilitation " The PPA offers the obligation to resort to solar energy for production of domestic hot water, up to 30 % of annual needs, in buildings and constructions situated on its territory when the following conditions are gathered : - realization of new buildings or constructions, or complete rehabilitation or total change in the use of a building - residential, tertiary and commercial Constructions - For buildings or constructions with daily projected consumption of hot water equivalent to 40 inhabitants’s consumption ( small collective)

However, this order is not effective because it is not possible to impose a use energy on local level.

The correct level to develop solar energy in town would be to impose it in the Local urban planning. The local urban planning could be elaborated on the municipality level or on intermunicipal structure level as an interurban community. It is a " sort of preamble ", that has for object to justify and to clarify the development choices and their coherence. So, if the Greater Lyon could, on a national experiment level, impose elements in its Local urban planning, then urban solarization project becomes possible

Source : atmosphere protection plan of the Greater Lyon; http://www.ppa-lyon.org/

2.1.2. Did you have tentative start-ups of similar experience in the past?

Not on the territory of the Greater Lyon

2.2. Do you or would you face problems with large exemption categories, e.g. historical buildings or landscape protected areas?

The Greater Lyon and especially the city of Lyon offers a very rich historical heritage. These historic buildings constitute a protected perimeter which makes complex an intervention on the nearby buildings.

Two scenarios: The ZPPAUP: zone of Protection of the Architectural heritage, and Landscaped; allows protect the particular atmosphere of a place by emphasizing general configurations. The tools of protection are more flexible than on the historic buildings. These protected zones includeX 2 district of the

city of Lyon (cf. See the card below). 427 hectares of the historic site of Lyon are classified world heritage by the UNESCO historic monuments: that is 428 classified buildings. The works undertaken in a perimeter defined around a classified monument are subjected in the opinion of a French national architect, who can refuse the setting-up of panels not to distort the site Below : estimation des sites classés sur la possibilité d’implantation de panneaux solaires, source étude des potentiels énergie renouvelable – Axenne

Contraints (cultural heritage) Area (m2) % Impossible setting up 144 038 0,3% Difficult setting up 11 463 221 21% No contraints 44 472 160 79%

Source : " DIAGNOSIS RENEWABLE ENERGIES ON GREATER LYON AT the END OF 2006, AND STUDY OF the POTENTIAL to THE HORIZON 2020” - AXENNE

2.3. How is the urban solar planning obligation monitored, or by which means would be adequate to monitor/control the effective implementation of the urban solar planning requisites?

For us, to create a very strong increase of solar installations in urban zones, it is necessary:

1-that the Greater Lyon could, experimentally, impose certain points in the PLU. As for example, to impose the installation of thermal solar panels for the new constructions of housing

2-That the validation of these bonds is made by the municipalities directly, during the instruction of the building permit

3-That there are specific trainings for the actors of the energy (craftsmen, French national architect, professionals of the energy)

4-that there is a series of tests to validate decisions and make feedback experiences,

5-and finally, spread most widely these good practices

This strategy is in POLIS project

2.4. Which are the local stakeholders involved in promoting urban solar planning and what is their attitude towards renewable obligation (e.g. are building companies used to renewable)?

The Greater Lyon : It gives the right to managements of urbanization and sustainable development. It could define helps, reference tables, strong orientations …

departement of Rhône : region Rhône alpes : Cities

Solira : This actor develops the photovoltaic production thanks to an economically viable and reproducible model by mobilizing the savings of local investors, citizens, SME(SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISE), associations ….

Sigerly : Commune’s Association for energy management on the Greater Lyon. It can, with the delegation of public services, follow and develop projects of photovoltaic on municipal ships

A semipublic company: SERL: company of equipment for the Rhône and Lyon. It intervenes in partnership with public service and private builder to conceive, to develop and to realize projects of centrality and renewable urban planning and economic spaces. Created by a local elected representatives initiative, the SERL associates in its capital, the biggest communities and private economic parteners. - It has created a subsidiary dedicated to the renewable energies, it is the "SERL energy". This new structure, in association different stakeholders, will intervene actively in the implementation of

actions for renewable energies. Its main action’s axis is the photovoltaic solar energy. - How does the SERL Energies fonction ? When an owner decidied to rent him roof (for duration from 20 to 30 years), SERL Energies takes care of the investment, of the maintenance, of the installation during its life, and in return, they sell to EDF the solar electricity. The financing are realized at the level of 20 % by stockholders' equity and at the level of 80 % by appeal to the loan. Source :http://www.serl.fr/index.php/serl/A-la-une/La-SERL-mise-sur-l-energie-solaire- photovoltaique-!

Social housing : Who installs systematicly panels solar (thermal and\or PV)

2.5. Which local networks are available to promote and disseminate urban solar planning?

Greater Lyon via the financing of associations, and subsidies

Energy information spaces (financing by ADEME/region/Greater Lyon) with Local agency of the Greater Lyon : energy These structures present in all the administrative division and specialized in the field of the energy. They give their competences for all the public to sensitive, to inform, to train, to accompany, initiatives and local projects, especially in energy efficiency and renewable energies. On Big Lyon it is ALE who handles this mission, it is 14 professionals who act daily by bringing information and advice (councils) neutral, free and independent from every supplier of energy, from materials(equipments) or from materials. HESPUL : Association, national expert on photovoltaic solar energy and energy information space of the Rhône (except the Greater Lyon)

RAEE : Regional association implanted in Lyon. Its three main missions: - Animation of resources center and exchanges on energy, - Advises and accompaniments of local communities and the social housing in the editing operations, - Accompaniment and implementation of programs or collective actions on a territory

L’agence d’urbanisme : town planning. The Agency deals with planning, urban project and observation. Its activity gets organized around four permanent working axes: To observe and analyze the evolution of practices and the urban phenomena; To organize the development and to anticipate the evolutions; To prepare, to conceive and to put in debate urban projects; export its knowledge towards other cities of the world

Le CAUE69 : architecture. Association with public utilities missions. The CAUE has for mission to develop informations, sensitization and participation in the most people. They deal with the architecture, the town planning, the environment and the landscapes. . La CAPEB et la FFB : Two professionals' syndicates which work on formartion and quality for the renewable energies

Professionals involved for a long time in renewable energy : Transénergie, Tecsol ; Tekné ; Girus… Who allowed to bring competences in these domains

VAD : “Ville et Aménagement Durabl”e : Center of exchanges and resources on the efficiency performances for the network professionals

3. Building Stock

3.1. Provide some data on the existing local building stock.

In 2005, the Greater Lyon account 543 230 housings. 81 % of this housing are collective housing, the rest is of the individual housing. See the map below for the distribution of the surfaces of roof by typology of building

There is a strong dynamics on the territory because about 40 000 collective housing and 8 616 houses were built in 7 years (between 1999 and 2005). What makes 7000 new housing a year

So, two axes distinguish themselves: - The new housing represents a strong potential on which we can intervene systematically - The existing presents a large surface of roof to be exploited

Source : " DIAGNOSIS RENEWABLE ENERGIES ON GREATER LYON AT the END OF 2006, AND STUDY OF the POTENTIAL to THE HORIZON 2020” - AXENNE

3.2. Please indicate future construction/renovation projects in your city where effective policy for urban solar planning could be implemented.

This approach is to be introduced on an URBAN DEVELOPMENT ZONE (possibility for the community to direct in a important way the constructive choices.) Numerous URBAN DEVELOPMENT ZONES are in progress: - Villeurbanne -.Caluire - Lyon,…..

This approach could be also tested on renovation : - The District Sainte Blandine

Source : districts in rehabilitation - agency of town planning of the Greater Lyon

Urban development zone Urban renewal

Source : URBAN DEVELOPMENT ZONES - agency of town planning of the Greater Lyon

3.3. Refurbishment activities: please quantify the refurbishment activities in your municipality with as much details as

possible (e.g. refurbishment rate, costs of refurbishment...).

Reorganizations of districts are made in various frames : - The Big City project: (GPV) in the framework of city contracts between the state, the city and the partners. This kind of contract permit to intervene on buildings, environment, education, transport, safety, culture, sports equipments or the social services; The Greater Lyon have started a «Big City project " on the site of La Duchère. The object of this

project is to transform in depth a district. Environmental targets were integrated.

- The Program of General interet: the “PIG” aims at : - rehabilitating or eradicate housing and very dilapidated buildings presenting risks for health or safety of the owners, - protecting social function of the housing environment, - rehousing definitively or accommodating temporarily the occupants, - restoring the structures of buildings management

Source : http://www.rhone.equipement.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/carteOPAHetListe_cle11a839.pdf

4. Solar Market and Potential

4.1. Installed solar (thermal/photovoltaic) capacity on local level.

Today, the solar assessment of the Greater Lyon is : Approximately 10 000m2 of thermal solar array on the Greater Lyon that is to say the equivalent to an ID card per person. And approximately 0,8 MWp panels photovoltaic installed, or about 8000m2 Below, map representing the installations set on the territory

Source : Repartition of renewable energies in number " DIAGNOSIS RENEWABLE ENERGIES ON GREATER LYON AT the END OF 2006, AND STUDY OF the POTENTIAL to THE HORIZON 2020” - AXENNE

Source : kind of thermal solar panels " DIAGNOSIS RENEWABLE ENERGIES ON GREATER LYON AT the END OF 2006, AND STUDY OF the POTENTIAL to THE HORIZON 2020” - AXENNE

Solar potential in the Greater Lyon is very important. It allows a 50 factor on thermal solar energy and 600 on photovoltaic. On the one hand, the potential X period of Greater Lyon sunshine is important with 3481Wh / day.m2, Lyon is in the average level of European sunshine periods. This irradiation means that : - The photovoltaic with a slope of a 35 ° angle and south directed, a 1kWp installation (10m " of photovoltaic modules) produces 1 250 the kWh / year. - A 4m " thermal solar energy, 45 °pitch and south directed produces 1 800 kWh / year. Ensuite parce qu’il existe de nombreuses surfa

On the second hand, there are many available surfaces.

Solar insulation of european cities

Source : " DIAGNOSIS RENEWABLE ENERGIES ON GREATER LYON AT the END OF 2006, AND STUDY OF the POTENTIAL to THE HORIZON 2020” - AXENNE

News existing

Source : " DIAGNOSIS RENEWABLE ENERGIES ON GREATER LYON AT the END OF 2006, AND STUDY OF the POTENTIAL to THE HORIZON 2020” - AXENNE

4.2. Solar energy effective contribution in the local energy mix.

Renewable energies correspond to 3,8 % out of Greater Lyon total consumption. Currently, the energy supplied by solar energy (thermal and photovoltaic) is not significant (approximately 0,01 % out of the total energy consumption on the territory!!!)

Source : ALE Solar percentage

4.3. Percentage of energy request to be covered if such capacity would be reached.

At first, the Greater Lyon‘s commitment is to cover 20 % out of the energy consumption by renewable energies. If the Greater Lyon covers all the roofs suitable to solar production, the part of solar energy in the total energy consumption would be 140 GWh for thermal and 600 GWh for photovoltaic. It makes the global part of renewable energy increasing from 3,8 to 6,1 % out of the current consumption with 38 % of solar energy. It does correspond to approximately 2,3 % of solar part in the energy mix.

If we add the 20 % decrease in energy consumption (25 500 GWh in 2020 face to 32 000 GWh currently), therefore the solar cover rate is supposed to be about 2,9 %

4.4. Are there renewable technologies widely spread in your city which could therefore contribute to the renewable obligation?

There are many heating networks using wastes and wood combustion. We have 5 heating networks on the Greater Lyon : - Villeurbanne - La Duchère - Carré de soie (Vaux en Velin) - Bron

Source : réseau de chaleur Lyon-Villeurbanne : http://www.elvya.fr/reseau/reseau-lyon-villeurbanne.html

5. Conclusion:

Now, it is acknowledged that Greater Lyon solarisation potential is important, as much in quantity of solar energy collect as in term of surface adapted to receive solar panels. However, a lot of difficulties still exist, preventing from a real development of this energy. First of all, the legal question which does not allow a territory to impose the use of renewable energies, then the lack of tool to analyze the impact of the urban planning on the solar potential but also the lack of training of the different stakeholders. Finally, it seems necessary to lever the economic part up, new sorts of investments, allowing a significant development of the solar energy. The POLIS program answers to these expectations