Initial Environmental Examination
October 2011
NEP: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project- Baglung Town Project
Prepared by Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Ministry of Urban Development for the Asian Development Bank.
CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 November 2011)
Currency unit – nepali rupees (NPR) NPR1.00 = $0.1200 $1.00 = NPR83.312
ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank amsl – above mean sea level CMA – Community Medical Auxiliary DI – ductile iron Dia. – diameter DSC – Design and Supervision Consultant DWSS – Department of Water supply and Sewerage EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan EPA – Environment Protection Act EPR – Environment Protection Rule GI – galvanized iron GoN – Government of Nepal HDPE – high density polyethylene pipe HHs – households IEE – Initial Environmental Examination lpcd – liter per capita per day lps – liters per second MOUD – Ministry of Urban Development NDWQS – National Drinking Water Quality Standard NEA – Nepal Electricity Authority NGO – Non Government Organization Nrs. – Nepali Rupees O&M – operation & maintenance OD – outer diameter PMC – Project Management Consultant PMO – Project Management Office TDF – Town Development Fund VAT – Value Added Tax VDC – Village Development Committee WHO – World Health Organization WSSDO – Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office WUSC – Water User’s and Sanitation Committee
NOTES
(i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Nepal and its agencies ends on 15 July. “FY” before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2011 ends on 15 July 2011.
(ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated.
This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
Government of Nepal Ministry of Physical Planning and Works Singhdurbar, Kathmandu, Nepal
Final Report on Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Of Baglung Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project Baglung District Batch I (Package II) (ADB Grant-0157 (NEP)
October 2011
Submitted by: Proponent: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project Project Management Office Panipokhari, Kathmandu SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
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Gf]kfn ;/sf/n] Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] cfly{s ;xof]udf cfjfz tyf ef}lts of]hgf dGqfno=vfg]kfgL tyf 9nlgsf; ljefu cGtu{t bf]>f] ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cfof]hgf cfof]hgf Aoj:yfkg sfof{no dfkm{t klxnf] r/0fdf !@ j6f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cfof]hgfsf] l8hfO{g sfo{x? eO{/x]sf]] 5 . bf]>f] ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cfof]hgfsf] d'Vo p2]Zox? lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ . • Yfk cyjf gofF d'xfg klxrfg u/L vfg]kfgL pknAw u/fpg] . • kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ x]/L Vffg]kfgL k|zf]wg k|0ffnL / kfgL kf]v/Lsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ . • Vffg]kfgL k|0ffnLsf] 6ífG;ld;g -d"n_ kfOk nfO{g / ljt/0f kfO{k nfO{gx?sf] lj:tf/ tyf cfjZos ;+/rgfxó lgdf0f ug]{ . • ;/;kmfO{sf sfo{s|dx? h:t} ;fj{hlgs zf}rfno, ;txL 9n, kmf]xf]/ d}nf Aoa:yfkg cflbsfo{xósf] lgdf{0f Plss[t ?kdf ;+rfng ug]{ .
k|:t't k|f/lDes jftfj/l0fo kl/If0f (IEE) bf]>f] ;fgfzx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cfof]hgf cGt/ut ;+rfngx'g] afun'ö zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cfof]hgfsf] nflu tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . k/fdz{bftf sf]O{d]Gsf] g]kfn k|f=ln=n] afun'ö vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ zx/L cfof]hgfsf]] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f k|lta]bg tof/ ug]{ lhDdf ;lxt OlGhlgol/ö l8hfO{g sfo{ug{ nufO{Psf] xf] . k|:t't k|lta]bgdf k|:tfljt cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ubf{ jftfj/l0fo ?kdf >f]t If]q / ;]jf If]qsf] ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs, cfly{s / ;fF:s[tLdf kg{ ;Sg] c;/ af/]df d'Nofúg u/L k|lta]bg tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
Kf|:t't k|f/lDes jftfj/l0fo kl/If0f (IEE) k|ltj]bgsf] d'Vo p2]Zo cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog / cfof]hgf ;+rfngsf] r/0fdf b]vfkg{ ;Sg] ljlaw jftfj/0fLo ;d:of / c;/xóaf6 cfof]hgfnfO{ d'St kf/L cfof]hgfsf] ;]jfnfO{ lbuf] kfg'{ xf] .
k|:t't k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|lta]bgsf] cGo pw]Zoxó lgDgfg';f/ 5g\5g\\MM\MMáááá • cfof]hgfIf]qleq /x]sf] ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdfhLs, cfly{s / ;+f:s[tLs kl/l:ytL sf] klxrfg u/L ;+u|xL ug]{ . • cfof]hgfsf] ;sf/fTds tyf gs/fTds ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdfhLs, cfly{s / ;+f:s[lts c;/nfO{ klxrfg ug]{,eljZojf0fL / d'Nof¶ësg ug]{¶¶ . • pknAw ljleGg a}slNks pkfoxósf] klxrfg / cWoog ug]{ . • ;d'bfosf] cfof]hgf;DaGwL d'Vo ;/f]sf/nfO{ plrt ;Daf]wg ug]{ . • Gfs/fTds c;/x?sf] k|efjsf/L d'Nofësg u/L ltgLxósf] ;D+k"0f{ ;dfwfg lbg] . • Jfftfj/l0fo Aoj:yfkg of]hgf tof/ ug]{ . • Jfftfj/l0fo cg'udg / k/LIf0f of]hgf tof/ ug]{ . • lg0f{o ug]{ tx ;Dd cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ubf{ kg{;Sg] jftfj/0Lfo k|efj af/] hfgfsf/L u/fpg] .
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. i SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
k|:tfljt jfun'ö zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/kmfO{ cfof]hgf klZrdfGrn lasfz If]q, wjnflu/L c~rn, jfun'ö lhNnf, jfun'ö gu/kflnsf cGt/ut kb{5 . vfg]kfgL tyf ;/kmfO{ cfof]hgfsf] ljBdfg l:ytLljBdfg l:ytL
xfn jfun'ödf /]zf vf]nf / l/ñ] vf]nf d'xfgsf] kfgL k|of]u u/L @ j6f vfg]kfgL k|0ffnL ;rf+ngdf /x]sf] 5 . klxnf] k|0ffnL /]zf vf]nf af6 ( ls= dL= 6\fG;ld;g kfO{k nfO{g jf6 !@ ln= k|= ;]= kfgL NofO{ ;rf+ng ul/Psf] 5 eg] bf]>f] k|0ffnL l/ñ] vf]nf d'xfg af6 $=% ls= dL= 6\fG;ld;g kfO{k nfO{g jf6 !=%) ln= k|= ;]= kfgL NofO{ ;rf+ng ul/Psf] 5 .
xfn ;rf+ngdf /x]sf] vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf cGtut{ %)) 3= dL=, %)) 3= dL= / $@ 3= dL= u/L # j6f kfgLkf]v/L qmdzM ;'g8fF8f, /ftdf6f / xfF8L8fF8fdf /x]sf] 5, h; dWo] klxnf] %)) 3= dL= sf] kfgLkf]v/Lsf] kvf{n / kmnf]/ (floor) jf6 kfgL r'lxg] / bf]>f] %)) 3= dL= sf] kfgLkf]v/Lsf] 5fgf lh0f{ cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . k|:tfljt cfof]hgf If]qsf] xfnsf] nfefGjLt hg;+Vof @*,##% - !%,)(@ :yfoL j;f]jf; ug]{ / !#,@$# c:yfO{ a;f]jf; ug]{_ / hDdf 3/w'/L @,^)* /x]sf] 5 . eg] o; cfof]hgf cGtut{ xfn @$!^ j6f AolQut wf/f, @@ j6f ;fj{hlgs wf/f, @ j6f ;fd'bflos wf/f, %@ j6f wf/f ;/sf/L sfof{nodf / ^( j6f wf/f lawfnodf ;+rfngdf /x]sf]5 .
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/kmfO{ l8lehg sfof{no, jfun'ö jf6 xfn} ;'g8fF8f kfgLkf]v/L :yndf /]zf vf]nf jf6 cfPsf] kfgL nfO{ k|zf]wg ug{ ;]l8d]G6];g 6}s+ -lyu|fpg] 6}s+L_ / :nf] :of08 lkmN6/ -! o'lg6_ lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 eg] # j6f :nf] :of08 lkmN6/sf] lgdf{0f ug{ afsL /x]sf] 5 .
cfof]hgf If]qsf] ;/kmfOsf] cj:yf ;Gtf]ifhgs /x]sf] 5 . o; If]qsf] ()% 3/x?df zf}rfno /x]sf] 5 .
cfof]hgf If]qsf ahf/ If]qdf ;txL 9nsf] (Surface Drain) Aoj:yf /x]sf] 5 . k|:tfljt cfof]hgf kxf8L If]qdf cjl:yt /x]sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ aiff{tsf] ;dodf klg kfgL hDg] ;d:of /xb}g .
k|:tfljt cfof]hgf df ;dfj]z /x]sf] If]qx? / ;+/rgfx?
k|:tfljt afun'ö zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/kmfO{ cfof]hgf afun'ö gu/kflnsf cGt/ut kb{5 . o; cfof]hgfsf] jfun'ö gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ! - /fd/]vf, eujtL /f]8, nfdkf6f_, j8f g+= @ - ?b|] lkkn, dfemsf]6, sflnsf /f]8, dx]Gb|ky, >Lgu/ 6f]n, j/lkkn, lzjwf/f 6f]n, Aof/]s /f]8_, j8f g+= # -lsgf/f 6f]n, sDk' 6f]n, gf}la;] 6f]n, u'7L gofF ahf/, lrKn]6L, >[hgf /f]8_, j8f g+= $ - ahf/ If]q, ;'Gbn ahf/, uf}8fsf]6, /ftfdf6f, jfun'ö j'lt{jfö /f]8sf] blIf0f If]q _, j8f g+= % -, ;'g8fÖ8f, b]p/fnL rf}s b]vL uxt] ;Dd_, j8f g+= !! - pkNnfrf}/, 8'ö8'öf_n] ;d]6]sf] ;Dk"0f{ If]q tyf 6f]nx? jfun'ö vf=kf= cfof]hgfdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .
k|:tfljt cfof]hgf If]qsf] xfnsf] nfefGjLt hg;+Vof @*,##% -!%,)(@ :yfoL j;f]jf; ug]{ / !#,@$# c:yfO{ a;f]jf; ug]{_ / hDdf 3/w'/L @,^)* /x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgf If]qsf] l8hfO{g jif{ - ;g\ @)@&_ nfeflGjt hg;+Vof $!,^*$ -@*,$%! :yfoL j;f]jf; ug]{ / !#,@$# c:yfO{ a;f]jf; ug]{_ x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]hgf If]qsf] aflif{s hg;+Vof a[l4b/ #=*)§ /x]sf] 5 .
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k|:tfljt cfof]hgfn] ;txL kfgLsf] >f]tsf] k|of]u ug]{ u/L cfof]hgf l8hfO{g u/LPsf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfn] b}lgs ?kdf b'O{ j6f ;txL kfgLsf] >f]t af6 @)=!) ln=k|=;] -8f]l8of >f]taf6 !$=*% ln=k|=;] / e'G8L >f]taf6 ^=@% ln=k|=;]_ kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ ug]{ / $!,^*$ hg;+Vof -hg;+Vof %),))) eGbfsd_ nfO{ kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ ug]{ ePsf] x'gfn] k|:tfljt cfof]hgf jftfj/0fLo ;+/rgf lgPdfjnL @)$% n] k|:tfljt cfof]hgf sfo{fGjog / To;sf] kl/dflh{t ;g\ @))& nfO{ ;d]t lnO{ k"j{ k|f/lDes jftfj/l0fo kl/If0f ug]{ k|fjwfg cg';f/ ul/Psf] 5 .
k|:tfljt cfof]hgf ;dfj]; /x]sf] ;+/rgfx?M ;+/rgfx? sfd laj/0f :yfg OG6]s -d'xfg_ ;txL kfgLsf] k|of]u ug{ @ j6f gofF lgdf{0f ug]{ 8f]l8of, e'G8L / /]zf / ! j6f dd{t ;Def/ ug'{ kg]{ 6\fG;ld;g d]g d'xfgsf] kfgL l8= cfO{= kfO{k !%)- afun'ö gu/kflnsf nfO{g -!**#% kfgLkf]v/Ldf k9fO{ @)) dL dL Aof;sf]M j8f g+= @ / % dL=_ / k'g ;s+ng ug{ !@)% dL= / lgdf{0f lh= cfO{= kfO{k !)) /]zf 6\fG;ld;g dL dL Aof;sf]M d]g nfO{g - $*%)dL= @))) dL=_ ljt/0f nfO{g kfgLkf]v/Ljf6 3/ 3/df l8= cfO{= kfO{k !%)- afun'ö gu/kflnsf -$(%!) dL=_ kfgL ljt/0f ug{ @)) dL dL Aof;sf]M j8f g+= !, @, #, $, !@)% dL=, % / !! lh= cfO{= kfO{k $)- !)) dL dL Aof;sf]M !)*%dL= / Pr=l8=kL= kfO{k %)- !^) dL dL Aof;sf]M $&#)% dL= kmns'n]6/ kfgLdf lkm6ls/L ;'g8fF8f / /ftdf6f, (Alum) ld;fpg afun'ö gu/kflnsf j8f g+= @, ;]l8d]G6];g 6}s+ kfgLdf ldl;P/ /x]sf] ;'g8fF8f / /ftdf6f, -lyu|fpg] 6}s+L_ kbf{ynfO{ lyu|fpg afun'ö gu/kflnsf j8f g+= @, :nf] :of08 lyu|fpg] 6}s+L af6 ;'g8fF8f / /ftdf6f, lkmN6/ cfPsf] kfgLnfO{ 5fGg afun'ö gu/kflnsf j8f g+= @, e}/x]sf] kfgL ;s+ng u/L ljt/0f IfdtfM %)) 3=dL= sf] ;'g8fF8f / /ftdf6f, kfgLkf]v/L -dd{t ug{ @ j6f afun'ö gu/kflnsf ;Def/_ j8f g+= @, eNe r}Da//kfO{k ljt/0f nfO{gdf kfgLsf] afun'ö gu/kflnsf eNe aS; dfqf ldnfpg j8f g+= !, @, #, $, % / !!
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. iii SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
k|ff/lDes jftfj/l0fo kl/If0fsf] k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ lznlznfdf jftfj/l0fo k|efj ;+DaGwL hfgsf/L k|bfg ubf{ ;dfrf/ kq /fli6ío b}lgsaf6 ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfl;t u/LPsf], :yflgo lgsfo uf=lj=;=, :s"nx?df ;"rgf 6f; ug]{ sfo{ u/L ;DaGwL 7fpFsf] d'r'Nsf tof/ ul/of] . o; clt/LQm k|ZgfjnL eg]{, cfof]hgf If]qsf] cWoog e|d0f, :yfgLo ;d'bfo;+u 5nkmn, k"j{ k|ltj]bgx?sf] cWoog u/L k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
;+Eefljt jftfj/l0fo k|efj tyf ltgsf lg/fs/0fsf pkfopkfopkfo / cg'udg/ cg'udg
Kf|:tfljt k|f/lDes jftfj/l0fo k|ltj]bgdf >f]tIf]q / ;]jf If]qdf lgDgfg';f/ kg]{ k|efjnfO{ d'Nofësg ul/Psf]5 . != k"j{ lgdf{0fsf] r/0f @= lgdf{0fsf] r/0f #= ;+rfngsf] r/0f
Dffly pNn]vLt r/0fx?df kg]{ ;Sg] ljleGg jftfj/0fLo c;/x?nfO{ lgDg If]qut ?kdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5. != ef}tLs jftfj/0f @= h}ljs jftfj/0f #= ;fdflhs jftfj/0f $= ;fF:s[[lts jftfj/0f
k|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfn] jftfj/0fdf kfg{ ;Sg] k|efj / ltgsf lg/fs/0fsf pkfox? lgDg cg';f/ x'g] 5gM
• vfg]kfgL k|0ffnLsf] ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{df kfgLsf] >f]t tyf vf]nfx? b'lift x'g] ;Sg] ;+Eefjgf /xG5 .
lg/fs/0fsf pkfoM O{G6]s lgdf{0f sfo{ ubf{ k|ofKt dfqfdf ;fjwfgL ckgfO{g] 5 . aiff{tsf] kfgL d'xfgdf ldl;g glbg sDkfp08 kvf{n tyf gfnf (Drain) agfO{g] 5 .
• vfg]kfgL k|0ffnLsf] ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{df hldgsf] :j?kdf s]xL kl/jt{g x'g ;Sg] ;+efjgf b]vLG5.
lg/fs0fsf pkfoM vfg]kfgL k|0fnL sf] ;+/rgfx? ;fj{hlgs hldgdf / vfg]kfgLsf] pkef]tmf ;ldltsf] hldgdf lgdf{0f ul/g] 5 . o:tf ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ubf{ jftfj/0fdf gs/fTds c;/ gkg]{ x'G5.
• lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{ l;nl;nfdf ljleGg ;+/rgfsf] tyf kfO{k lj5fpg] sfo{sf] nfuL df6f] vGg] tyf k"g]{ sfo{ ubf{ e'Ifosf] ;+Eefjgf jfo" b'lift x'g] ;+Eefjgf, vf]nf gfnf b'lift x'g ;Sg] ;+Eefjgf, WjgL k|b'if0f x'g] ;+Eefjgf /xG5 .
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. iv SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
lg/fs0fsf pkfoM vfg]kfgL k|0ffnLsf] ;+/rgfx? lgdf{0f ug{sf] nfuL df6f] vGg] tyf k'g]{ sfo{ ubf{ k"j{ ;fjwfgL ckgfOg] 5 . df6f] vGbf lg:s]sf] df6f]nfO{ k"g k|of]u ul/g] 5 eg] afsL /x]sf] df6f]nfO{ plrt ?kdf Aoj:yfkg ul/g] 5 . jfo" k|b'ifgsf] dfqf gfkg ul/g'sf ;fy} ;8sdf kfgL 5s{g] sfo{ ul/g] 5 . cfof]hgfdf k|of]u x'g] ;jf/L ;fwgsf ;fy} cGo d]l;g/L pks/0fx?sf] plrt / lgoldt dd{t tyf ;Def/ ul/g] 5 .
• k|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{ l;nl;nfdf cfof]hgf :yndf /x]sf] Iff/kftx? gfl;g] tyf dfl;g] ;Defjgf /xG5 . lgdf0f{ sfo{df ;+nUg sfdbf/x?sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ jg höudf gsf/fTds c;/ kg]{ ;Defjgf /xG5 .
lg/fs0fsf pkfoM k|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{ l;nl;nfdf s'g} klg ?vx?sf] s6fg x'g] 5}g . ;fdfGo dfqfdf Iff/kftx? gfl;g] tyf dfl;g] ;Defjgf /x]sf]n] jftfj/0fdf vf;} gsf/fTds c;/ kg]{ b]lvb}g . lgdf0f{ sfo{df ;+nUg sfdbf/x? nfO{ jg höu k|j]zdf /f]s nufOg] 5 / ltgLx?sf] vfgf ksfpg OG3gsf] nfuL bfp/fsf] ;êf dlêt]nsf] k|of]u u/fOg] 5 . lgdf{0f :ynsf] vfnL :yfgdf a[Iff/f]kg ul/g] 5 .
• k|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{ l;nl;nfdf cfof]hgf If]qdf /x]sf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/x?df Iflt kg{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf /xG5 .
lg/fs0fsf pkfoM k|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{x? ug]{ l;nl;nfdf k"j{ ;fjwfgL ckgfOg] 5, tfkgL s]xL u/L Iflt k'Ug uPdf To:tf ;+/rgfx?sf] dd{t sfo{ ul/g] 5 .
• k|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{df aflx/jf6 sfdbf/x? cfpg ;Sg] x'gfn] o; jf6 To; If]qsf] ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts If]qdf c;/ kg{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf /xG5 .
lg/fs0fsf pkfoM k|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{df aflx/jf6 cfPsf sfdbf/x? nfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbOg] 5 ;fy} h'jf tyf dlb/f ;]jgdf k|ltaGw nufOg] 5 .
• k|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{df ;n+Ug sfdbf/x?sf] :jf:Yodf k|lts'n c;/ kg{ ;Sg] tyf b'3{6gfsf ;Defjgf /xG5 .
lg/fs0fsf pkfoM k|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{df ;n+Ug sfdbf/x?sf] :jf:Yo tyf ;'/Iffdf ;d'lrt Wofg lbOg] 5 . sfdbf/x? nfO{ :jf:Yo tyf ;'/Iff ;DalGw cfjZos tflnd lbOg] 5 .
• k|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DdGg kZrft kfgL ljt/0f ug]{ sfo{df kfgL k|b'if0f x'g] ;Defjgf / Snf]l/gsf] cJojl:yt k|of]un] pkef]Qmfsf] :jf:Yodf k|lts'n c;/ kg]{ ;Defjgf /xG5 .
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. v SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
lg/fs0fsf pkfoM k|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfsf] ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] ljleGg :yfgdf lgoldt ?kdf kfgLsf] u'0f:t/sf] kl/If0f ul/g] 5 . vfg]kfgL pkef]Qf ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx? nfO{ Snf]l/gsf] ;d'lrt k|of]u ug]{ tyf e08f/0f ug]{ ;DalGw tflnd lbOg] 5 .
jftfj/l0fo Aoj:yfkg of]hgf (EMP) nfutMnfutMnfutM
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Executive Summary
Background
Government of Nepal (GoN) has implemented the Second Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project (SSTWSSSP) with financial assistance from Asian Development Bank (ADB) as a grant made available to the project as per the agreement between GoN and the ADB. The main aim of SSTWSSSP is to provide water supply services including augmentation of additional water sources, construction of water treatment facilities and storage tanks/ service reservoir, rehabilitation or expansion of transmission and distribution systems in required extent. Sanitation services include construction of public toilets, sludge drying bed for septic tank and sludge disposal in the agreed town through an integrated approach. Similarly, wastewater management systems need to be included in the agreed towns. The solid waste management activities, construction of drainage system in the town core area and provision of Output Based Aid (OBA) to the service receivers are also included in the town project. The project is based on demand driven and interactive procedure that ensures full participation of the local users’ community in the project formulation, implementation and operation and maintenance. This project will provide water supply and sanitation facilities to about 0.6 million people.
Based upon the framework of the National Urban Policy (2007), the 15-year Development Plan has been updated and small towns have been redefined. About 265 towns (153 in Terai and 112 in hill) with a total population of 3.6 million satisfy this criteria. These towns are developed haphazardly but play vital role in economic linkage between rural area and countries' urban economy and urgently need the improved facilities for better life. This led in conceptualization and formulation of Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Projects (STWSSSP). The Ministry of Physical Planning and Works (MPPW) is the executing agency and the Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) is the implementing agency for the project.
DWSS through the involvement of various consultants and NGOs has successfully completed first and second phase of the project. COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. Kathmandu was awarded a contract for conducting review of detailed engineering design and construction supervision including Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) studies of Baglung Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Projects. This document covers IEE report of Baglung Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project.
SSTWSSSP consists of many individual water supply town project covering small towns in different areas of Nepal. Baglung Town Water Supply Project is one of such under SSTWSSSP. The major structures of the proposed project consist of construction of Stream Intake, Treatment Plant and Rehabilitation of storage reservoir, transmission line, washout, air valve, distribution system, control valve, house hold connection and community/private taps connection.
Objective of the IEE Study
The objective of carrying out of IEE study is to conduct an environment examination of the proposed project area and its surroundings to identify potential environmental impacts so that with suitable mitigation measures, the project can be implemented in an environmentally sound and socio-economically sustainable manner.
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The basic objective of IEE is as per the following: • to identify physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural baseline conditions of the project affected areas (surroundings of Baglung); • to investigate the major environmental impacts both adverse (negative) and positive resulting from construction and operation of the project on the ecology and socio- economic condition of project areas; • to identify the environmental benefits of the project as well as its economic and environmental acceptability to the community; • to identify and analyze the alternatives from the various relevant options available; • to address the major concern of the local community of the project area; • to propose mitigation measures for minimizing the adverse environmental impacts to improve overall performance of the project; • to prepare environmental monitoring and auditing plans; • to inform decision-makers and interested parties about the environmental implication of the proposed project.
In brief, the main purpose of IEE is to help decision makers and implement the project to balance the pressure of immediate gain from exploitation of natural resources with the long term sustainable utilization of resources and the protection of human wellbeing and the environment
Nature of the Proposal
The proposed Baglung Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project is classified as Environment Category B based on ADB’s Environmental Categorization thereby requiring only an IEE. The initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been done as per the checklist suggested by ADB and based on the provisions stated in GoN’s Environmental Protection Act, 1996 and Environmental Protection Regulations, 1997(and amendments).
The service area of the proposed project covers ward no. 1 (Ramrekha, Bhagbati road, Lampata); Ward-2 (Rudre Pipal, Maajhkot, Kalika road, Mahendra path, Shreenagar tole, Barpipal, Shiva Dhara tole, Barrack road); Ward-3 (Kinara tole, Kampu tole, Naubise tole, Guthi, Naya Bazaar, Chipleti, Srijana road); Ward-4 (Bazaar area, Sundal Bazaar, Gaudakot, Downstream of ADB road); Ward-5 (Sundanda, Deurali Chowk to Gahate); Ward-11 (Upallachaur, Dungdunga) of Baglung municipality.
Baseline Information
The sub-project area is an emerging small town, and is growing very rapidly as a residential centre. The project area consists of core and densely populated bazaar area and the rural and scattered settlement area. The project core is the main trade and economic centre and the land is mostly used for residential purposes. The bazaar is surrounded by the rural settlements pre- dominant with agricultural fields scattered settlement.
The present permanent population in the service area is 15,092 and rental is 13,243. According to the social survey, there are 2,608 households (HHs) in the proposed service area. The projected permanent population at the end of design year 2027 from this survey year 2010 (1 year survey and design + 2 year construction + 15 years project life) has been calculated to be as 28,451 with average annual growth rate of 3.80%.
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Currently, there exist two water supply systems, which serve water at Baglung bazaar and villages connected with it. The first water supply system is Resha khola located at Resha VDC and second is Rithe khola source located at Tityang VDC. The first system was designed for 21 lps flow and second system was for 3 lps. However, at present Resha khola supplies only 12 lps due to leakages at intake area and transmission main. Its flow can be increased up to 17 lps after protection of intake and rehabilitation of transmission main. Similarly and Rithe khola supplies only 1.5 lps into the service reservoir. Both the systems are owned by WUSC who is fully responsible for regular O&M, new HH connections and tariff collection.
The existing water supply system is not functioning properly. The distribution pipe has leakage at several points, has less flow and requires replacement of transmission pipeline in some. The existing system has 2416 private taps, 22 public taps, 52 government office connection, 69 Institutional taps and 2 community taps. The Riththe Khola transmission line has leakage at several places and discarded in the new system due to less flow and require more cost for rehabilitation.
Components of the Subproject
The Baglung Town Water Supply Project has been designed mainly as a gravity system from source to intake, treatment plant and gravity flow to distribution system from service reservoir. The Dodiya and Bhundi Khola sources are proposed to augment required quantity of water in the existing water supply system. The flow from Dodiya khola and Bhundi khola will be tapped 14.85 lps and 6.25 lps respectively.
The location of the project structures have been decided and managed by the Water User and Sanitation Committee (WUSC) and most of them are situated in public land or community land. Transmission main and Distribution main passes through earthen road and pitch road crossing in some places. The treatment plant shall be constructed at dismantling Riththe Khola Treatment Plant site. The major structures of the projects are given in the following table.
Main Components of subprojects Infrastructure Function Description Location Intake To withdraw water from Two new intake and Dodiya, Bhunti and Resha the sources one rehab. Of existing intake Transmission Pipe Delivery of water from DI Pipe 150mm dia to Baglung Municipality Line (18,835 m Intake to storage 200mm dia -13,985m, W.No: 5 & 2 including Rehabilitation reservoir GI Pipe 100mm dia- of Resha system 4,850m & 2000m) Distribution Pipe Line Delivery of water from HDPE Pipe 50mm dia Baglung Municipality (49,510 m) Reservoir to HH to 160mm dia – W.No 1,2,3,4,5 & 11 connection 47,305m, GI Pipe 40mm dia to 100mm dia – 1,085m and DI Pipe 150mm dia to 200mm dia – 1205m Flocculator To mixed alum with raw Ratmata Danda, Baglung water Municipality W.No 2, Sedimentation Tank To sediment dissolve Ratmata Danda, Baglung particles Municipality, W. No 2 Slow Sand Filter To filter raw water Ratmata Danda, Baglung Municipality W.No. 2
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Infrastructure Function Description Location Ground water storage Storage of water Capacity 500m3- 2 Ratmata Danda, Baglung tank (existing) nos. Municipality, W.No. 2 Control valve chamber Control the flow in the Baglung Municipality distribution pipe line W.No 1,2,3,4,5 & 11 Pipe valve box Control the flow in the Baglung Municipality distribution pipe line W.No 1,2,3,4,5 & 11
For the sanitation component, DSC had explained the concept and contribution modality of the project for the construction of sanitation components like sanitary sewer, sewer treatment plant, solid waste disposal, surface drain. But, WUSC has decided to carry out only the water supply scheme at this stage. Another donor, World Bank, is going to carry out the feasibility study of sanitation activities in the municipality. However, the master plan, conceptual design and preliminary cost of sanitation, waste water treatment plant, wastewater management and storm drainage of Baglung town has been prepared in the present proposal. The Table 2.4 presents the components of the proposed project.
Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures The proposed water supply and sanitation project will have minimal negative impacts on environment which can be easily mitigated through adequate mitigation measures. Some of the environmental issues of concern and their mitigation measures are: • Erosion especially during project construction period due to digging and excavation during laying of pipes. Since the project lies in hilly area, there is risk of landslide due to disturbance of the land system. Unorganized disposal of excavated earth can disturb the area and could pollute the nearby streams. In order to mitigate such impacts the excavated soil will be placed safely against erosion and will be reused during backfilling of the pipe trenches. • Impact on forest and vegetation. Proposed site for treatment plant is located partly at community forest. The land has been managed by WUSC, but for the construction of treatment plant approx. 5 numbers of trees need to be cut down. Similarly during laying of transmission and distribution pipes, existing ground vegetation might be cleared and species habitat might be destroyed. In order to reduce such impacts, vegetation clearance will be avoided as much as possible and whenever possible re-plantation will be carried out. The community forests affected has to be compensated by panting and rearing saplings at the rate of 25 saplings for each felled tree • Risk of pollution of ground and surface water from the sludge and effluents from treatment plants. To mitigate such impacts, the water qualities will be monitored periodically and proper sludge disposal site will be maintained. • Health and safety of construction workers. Workers will be trained on health and safety measures including proper storage and handling of chlorine used for water quality treatment. Safety gears are to be provided and first aid to be located at easily accessible areas.
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Cost
The EMP will be executed in such a way that the contractor is monitored during the construction period so that the mitigation measures specified in the report are implemented during project construction. Provisions will be made so that monitoring activities are conducted regularly and as prescribed. EMP will also ensure that the actual environmental impacts during the period of project operation over the years after the completion of the project are monitored and compared with the predicted impact. The total cost for EMP, including the cost of monitoring, mitigation and environmental audit that will be carried after two years of project completion is estimated to be NRs. 1,440,000.00.
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Conclusion
It is expected that the proposed Baglung Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project will have minimal environment impacts which can be easily mitigated with careful planning and monitoring measures. The implementation of the project will bring significant improvement in water supply situation and sanitation facilities of the community thereby improving the overall quality of life. Since, no significant adverse environmental impacts are expected, a full scale EIA is not required and the present IEE study is sufficient.
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Table of Contents Page Executive Summary ...... i Table of Contents ...... xii Abbreviations and Acronyms ...... xiv CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...... 1
1.1 NAME AND ADDRESS OF INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTION PREPARING THE REPORT ...... 1 1.2 BASIS AND EXTENT OF THE IEE STUDY ...... 2 CHAPTER II: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...... 10
2.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECTS ...... 10 2.2 DETAILED PARTICULAR OF THE AREA ...... 13 2.3 EXISTING WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND DRAINAGE INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 20 2.4 SERVICE AREA ...... 22 2.5 COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT ...... 23 2.6 SOURCE OF WATER ...... 24 2.7 WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES ...... 25 2.8 SERVICE RESERVOIRS ...... 25 2.9 PIPE LINES ...... 25 2.10 OTHERS APPURTENANCE ...... 26 2.11 TYPE, CATEGORY AND NEED OF THE SUBPROJECTS ...... 27 2.12 SALIENT FEATURES THE PROJECT ...... 28 2.13 PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR IMPLEMENTATION ...... 29 2.14 PROJECT ACTIVITIES ...... 30 2.15 PATH FOR MOVEMENT IN THE PROJECT AREA WHERE PROJECT IS TO BE IMPLEMENTED ...... 30 CHAPTER III: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 34
3.1 WATER RESOURCES...... 34 3.2 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES ...... 34 3.3 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECTS FOR GROWTH ...... 35 CHAPTER IV: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 39
4.1 PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE ...... 39 4.2 CONSTRUCTION PHASE ...... 41 4.3 OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE PHASE IMPACTS ...... 48 4.4 MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 49 4.5 MITIGATION COST ...... 54 CHAPTER V: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES WITH AND WITHOUT PROJECT SITUATIONS ...... 55
5.1 ALTERNATE PROJECT DESIGN ...... 55 5.2 ALTERNATIVE PROJECT LOCATION...... 55 5.3 TECHNOLOGY CHOICE AND CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES ALTERNATIVE...... 55 5.4 NO ACTION OPTION ...... 56 CHAPTER VI: INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ...... 57
6.1 PUBLIC NOTIFICATION ...... 57 6.2 INDIVIDUAL/INSTITUTIONS CONTACTED ...... 57 6.3 COMMENTS/SUGGESTIONS/ISSUES RAISED ...... 58
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CHAPTER VII: GRIEVANCE AND REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 59 CHAPTER VIII: MATTERS TO BE MONITORED WHILE IMPLEMENTING THE PROJECT ...... 60
8.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) ...... 60 8.2 MOTIGATION AND MONITORING ...... 60 8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) ...... 61 CHAPTER IX: CONCLUSION ...... 75 REFERENCES ...... 76
List of Tables: Table 1.1: Threshold limit for conducting IEE and status of the project...... 5 Table 2.1: Annual personnel expenditure for operation...... 10 Table 2.2: Annual cost for operation and maintenance...... 10 Table 2.3: Total population of delineated project area...... 12 Table 2.4: Age group of the population...... 12 Table 2.5: Ethnic composition of the total population...... 13 Table 2.6: Distribution population by educational status by wards (6 years & above) among literate...... 13 Table 2.7: Ward-wise distribution of educational institutions...... 14 Table 2.8: Distribution of population by sex and family size...... 15 Table 2.9: Distribution of households by migration...... 15 Table 2.10: Distribution of HH by main occupation 10 years & above...... 16 Table 2.11: Distribution of employed population of HH among 10 years & above...... 16 Table 2.12: Distribution of household income...... 16 Table 2.13: Monthly expenditure of household...... 17 Table 2.14: Resettlement Plan...... 17 Table 2.15: Population coverage...... 20 Table 2.16: Components of Projects...... 21 Table 3.1: Types of forests in Baglung district …………………………………………………………31 Table 4.1: Location of project components...... 37 Table 4.2: Physical environmental issues and impacts...... 38 Table 4.3: Biological environmental issues and impacts...... 40 Table 4.4: Socio-economic and cultural environmental issues and impacts...... 42 Table 4.5: Types of impacts, mitigation measures, responsibilities and cost...... 46 Table 4.6: Mitigation cost (construction phase)...... 50 Table 6.1: List of key stakeholders contented...... 54 Table 8.1: Types of impacts, monitoring parameters, mitigation measures, responsibilities and cost...... 59 Table 8.2: Environmental monitoring cost...... 64 Table 8.3: Environmental management roles and responsibilities of different parties...... 65 Table 8.4: Cost for EMP...... 68 Table 8.5: Cost of water supply component - component: summary of structure wise cost...... 69
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List of Figures: Fig. 2.1: Work Schedule ...... 27 Fig. 7.1: Grievance Redress Plan ...... 55
ANNEXES: Annex I: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist and Social Survery Questionnery Annex II: Project Location Map Annex III: Longitudinal Section of Sedimentation Plant, Slow Sand Filter Annex IV: Public Notice, Deed (Muchulka) letter and Sample of Notice published in project area Recommendation letter of VDC and Minutes of Focus Group Discussion Annex V: Terms of Reference as approved by MoPPW Annex VI: Water Quality Report Annex VII: Air Quality Standards, Nepal Vehicle Mass Emission Standard for gasoline & Diesel operated Vehicles, 2056, National Drinking Water Quality Guidelines (As per Urban Environment Guidelines, 2068) Annex VIII: Comments and Responses
Abbreviation and Acronyms Used: ADB : Asian Development Bank amsl : Above Mean Seal Level DI : Ductile Iron Dia. : Diameter DWSS : Department of Water Supply and Sewerage DSC : Design and Supervision Consultant EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EPA : Environmental Protection Act EPR : Environmental Protection Rule GI : Galvanised Iron GoN : Government of Nepal HDPE : High Density Polyethylene Pipe HHs : Households IEE : Initial Environmental Examination lpcd : Litre per capita per day lps : Litre per second MPPW : Ministry of Physical Planning and Works NDWQS : National Drinking Water Quality Standard NEA : Nepal Electricity Authority NGO : Non-government Organization Nrs. : Nepalese Rupees O&M : Operation and Maintenance OD : Outer diameter PMC : Project Management Consultant PMO : Project Management Office SSTWSSSP : Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project TDF : Town Development Fund VAT : Value Added Tax VDC : Village Development Committee WHO : World Health Organisation WSSDO : Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office WUSC : Water User’s and Sanitation Committee
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Chapter I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 NAME AND ADDRESS OF INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTION PREPARING THE REPORT
1. The project proponent, Project Management Office (PMO) of Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project (SSTWSSSP) Under Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) of Government of Nepal (GoN) is responsible for conducting present IEE study of the project. COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. has been contracted to work on the behalf of PMO to conduct IEE studies and prepare IEE report by using all prevalent guidelines, acts, policies and rules.
2. The name and address of the institutions responsible for conducting and preparing IEE report are-
• Name of the proposal: Baglung Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project
• Name and address of the proponent
Project Management Office Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Ministry of Physical Planning and Works Government of Nepal
• Address of the Proponent
Panipokhari, Kathmandu Tel: 977 1 442388, 977 1 4412348 Fax: 977 1 4413280 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.sstwsssp.gov.np
• Consultant preparing the report
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. Ksitiz Marga, Shankhamul Post Box No. 19961, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel/Fax: 977-1-4784558 E-mail: [email protected]
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1.2 BASIS AND EXTENT OF THE IEE STUDY
1.2.1 ADB Policy
3. As per ADB guidelines on Environment Assessment requirements, this project is classified as Environment Category B and an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is required as per the checklist suggested by ADB. Similarly based on rules pertaining to GoN’s Environmental Protection Act, 1996 and Environmental Protection Rules, 1997, an IEE is necessary for the proposed project.
1.2.2 National Laws, Policies, Acts, Regulations, Standards and Guidelines
4. Following Acts, Policies, Laws, Rules, Directives and Guidelines have been reviewed and evaluated during the preparation of IEE report of Baglung Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project.
Law
i) The Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2063 B.S. (2007 A.D.)
The Constitution requires the state to give priority to the protection of environment and prevention of further damage to the environment due to development activities and to take special measures for protection of wildlife, vegetation and forests. In response to the emerging situation of environmental problems and realization of benefits, adoption of IEE/ EIA as a planning and management tool to be applied in development planning and administration was made mandatory to prevent further damage.
Policies
ii) National Conservation Strategy (NCS) for Nepal, 2044 B.S. (1988 A.D.)
The National Conservation Strategy (NCS) was endorsed by GoN in 1988. It emphasizes the need for sustainable development and stressed on interdependence of conservation and development.
iii) National Environmental Policy and Action Plan, 2052 B.S. (1996 A.D.)
The National Environmental Policy and Action Plan were endorsed by the Government in August. 1993. It is a plan of the government's endeavour to incorporate environmental concerns into the country's development process. This identifies alteration of ecology from riverine to take destruction of forests and wildlife, threats to migratory aquatic species and climatic change.
Acts and Regulation
iv) Water Resources Act, 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.)
This act has been enacted to make arrangements for the national utilization, conservation, management and development of water resources in Nepal. As per the section 8. sub-section 1 of the Act, "a person of corporate body desiring to conduct survey or utilizing water resources will
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be required to submit an application to the prescribed officer or authority along with the economic, technical and environmental study report and with other prescribed particulars."
Section 18, 19 and 20 at the Act deal with water quality standards, water pollution and adverse effect on the environment. Section 20 of the Act states that "while utilizing water resources, it will be done so in such a manner that no substantial adverse effects be made on the environment by way of soil erosion, flood, landslides or similar other cause".
v) Land Acquisition Act, 2034 B.S. (1977 A.D.)
The Land Acquisition Act authorizes the government to acquire land for public purposes. While requiring compensation for the private landowner, the Act, however, does not specify that the compensation must be at market value. The Land Acquisition Guidelines, 1993 was prepared under the Act and has categorized the affected people as Project Affected Families (PAF). The compensation should be based on market value for building materials, labour cost and plinth area of the house.
vi) Forest Act, 2049 B.S. (1993 A.D.) and Forest Regulation, 2050 B.S. (1995 A.D.)
Forest clearance should follow the regular provision as contained in the Forest Act, 1993 and Forest Regulation, 1995. Article 20 of the Forest Act, 1993 empowers GoN to prepare and implement a work plan for the management of national forest while its article 21 prohibits operating any functions in the government managed forest other than prescribed in the work plan.
Article 68 states that the Act empowers GoN in case of no alternatives, to provide parts of any forest- government, community or private for the implementation of national priority actions with the assurance that it does not adversely affect the environment. In accordance with the provision contained in Rules 12 and 13 of the Forest Rules, 1995, GoN has banned the transportation, export and felling of Chanp, Khayarand Sal.
vii) Industrial Enterprise Act, 2048 B.S. (1992 A.D.)
Industrial Enterprise Act, 1992 under its schedule 4 has defined water supply project as national priority project.
viii Environmental Protection Act (EPA), 2053 B.S. (1996 A.D.) and Environmental Protection Regulation (EPR), 2054 B.S. (1997 A.D.) and amendments, 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.)
The Ministry of Population and Environment enacted Environmental Protection Act. This legislation enforced since January 1997 contains provision for carrying out IEE and EIA for development projects in different sector. Consequently, for the elaboration of the articles in the Act, Environmental Protection Regulation 1997 was also enforced. The EPR, 1997 along with its First Amendment in 1999 obliged the proponent to make public on the contents of the proposal in order to ensure the participation of different stakeholders. The proponent should issue a public notice providing a time of 15 days to seek comments and suggestions on the proposals. The EPR, 1999 also obliged the proponent to include all relevant environmental issues in the scoping report for EIA and in the Terms of Reference (ToR) of IEE before submission for approval.
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Ministry of Environment is responsible for EIA reports whereas in the case of IEE, concerned ministry is responsible.
Standards and Guidelines
ix) National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, 2050 B.S. (1993 A.D.)
The National EIA Guidelines were endorsed by GoN in September 1992 and gazetted in June 1993. As per this guideline, only IEE is sufficient for water supply and sanitation projects like Baglung
x) Water Resources Sector EIA Guidelines, 2054 B.S. (1996 A.D.)
Based on the National EIA guidelines, EIA guidelines for the water resources sector has been developed by the Ministry of Water Resources.
1.2.3 Objectives and Scope of the Environmental Study
5. The main objective of carrying out IEE study is to investigate the environmental implication of the proposed project so that the project can be implemented in an environment friendly and socio- economically sustainable manner.
Some of the specific objectives of the IEE are as the following. • to identify physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural baseline conditions of the project affected areas (surroundings of Baglung); • to investigate the major environmental impacts both adverse (negative) and positive resulting from construction and operation of the project on the ecology and socio- economic condition of project areas; • to identify the environmental benefits of the project as well as its economical and environmental acceptability to the community; • to identify and analyze the alternatives from the various relevant options available; • to address the major concern of the local community of the project area; • to propose mitigation measures for minimizing the adverse environmental impacts to improve overall performance of the project; • to prepare environmental monitoring and auditing plans; • to inform decision-makers and interested parties about the environmental implication of the proposed project.
6. In brief, the objective of carrying out of IEE study is to investigate the environmental implication of the proposed project so that the project can be implemented in an environmentally and socio- economically sustainable manner.
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1.2.4 Relevancy of the Project
7. The proposed Baglung Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project is classified as environment Category B project as per Guidelines for Environmental Assessment of Project Impacts of Asian Development Bank (ADB). Hence in accordance with ADB's Environmental Assessment Requirements and Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (SPS 2009) for Selected Infrastructure Development Projects, an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has to be carried out.
8. According to the provisions stated in the Environmental Protection Act, 1996 and Environmental Protection Regulation, 1997 (including amendments 1999 and 2007) for the water supply schemes, the proposed project needs to undertake an IEE study based on Rule 3, Annex 1and 2 of the EPA and EPR. The revised environmental rule published on 20 September, 2007 is also used to determine the criteria for the IEE of the project. The screening criteria (Table 1.1) for the application of IEE or EIA are clearly mentioned in the schedule 1 and schedule 2 of EPR. The points of the schedule determined whether the project should undergo IEE or EIA
9. One the basis of the desk study of the various related literature and field study data, the structure components of the project including deep well lie in the semi urban area and most of the pipe line of the proposed system passes along the existing road tracks. Since the proposed Baglung Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project supplies water to more than 5000 but less than 50,000 populations through augmentation of water sources through Dodiya Khola and Bhundi khola and treats less than 25lps flow(the treatment plant is already built in the existing Resha water supply system, existing flow is not in consideration for environmental issues). Hence, the project falls within the IEE threshold limit. The project does not involve construction of any tunnels; relocation of people or households is not involved and construction of river training works is not required.
10. In this way, all the criteria lie within the range of schedule 1 of EPR. As per the ADB's Environmental Assessment Requirement and Environment Guidelines for selected infrastructure development project and GoN’s EPR 2054, only Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is sufficient for proposed Baglung Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project.
11. As per EPR, in order to conduct the IEE, the proponent has to prepare the Terms of Reference (TOR) and submit to Ministry of Physical Planning and Works for approval through Department of Water Supply and Sewerage. The purpose of preparation of TOR is to define the studies that will be conducted to prepare IEE report and identify the environmental issues to be looked in the IEE report. The TOR for this IEE work was approved by MPPW on Magh 27, 2067
12. The following Table 1.1 compares the status of the project against criteria defined by EPA and EPR for which a drinking water project would require an IEE or EIA.
Threshold limit for conducting IEE Report
13. According to Environmental protection Guidelines, 2054 BS, First Revised (2055 BS) schedule-3, Work–Schedule of Initial Environmental Examination of Drinking water are:
Table 1.1: Threshold limit for conducting IEE and status of the project For Proposed water Description supply project 1) Collection of rain- water not more than 200 hectares, and use of Not applicable water sources (springs and wetlands) located within the same area.
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For Proposed water Description supply project 2) Surface water sources with not more than 1 cubic ft. Safe yield and Not applicable supply of not more than 50 percent of the water during the dry season The scheme is augmentation of flow 3) Processing of water at the rate of 10 to 25 liters per second. including rehabilitation one. An IEE is required. 4) Recharging up to 50 percent of the total aquifer for the Not applicable development of underground water source. 5) Construction of not more than one kilometer long tunnels for Not applicable carrying water 6) Displacement of not more than 100 persons for operating a water Not applicable supply scheme. 7) Settlement of not more than 500 persons on the upper reaches of Not applicable water sources Within the limits 8) Supply of drinking water to population ranging between 5000 and (Design Population is 50000 28451) 9) Supply of drinking water to a population ranging between 10000 Not applicable and 100000 and connection of new sources 10) Installation of more than 20 kilometers long electricity transmission lines for pumping or processing water and consumption Not applicable of more than one mw of electricity. 11) River training and diversion activities over an area of more than Not applicable one kilometer. (Source: ’Environment Protection Act, 2054 and Environment Protection Regulation 2054’’)
Considering this, it is required to conduct IEE study as per the GoN/ EPR.
14. The proposed Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project is classified as environment “Category B” project as per Environment Policy of Asian Development Bank (ADB). Hence in accordance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) for Selected Infrastructure Development Projects, an Initial Environmental Examination Study has to be carried out.
1.2.5 Approach and Methodology
15. The present Initial Environmental Examination report has been prepared based on the approved Terms of Reference (TOR) by the Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, of the Government of Nepal. The procedures followed for current IEE study are in accordance with the provisions stated in ADB’s Environmental Guidelines and the GON’s Environmental Protection Act, 1996 and Environmental Protection Rules, 1997
16. ADB’s Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist was complete for the proposed project and Environmental Categorization of the project was decided. Based on the checklist and environmental categorization, the proposed project has been classified under category B of ADB’s environmental classification, which depicts that the project has insignificant environmental impacts and requires only an IEE.
17. The study team visited the site to identify the potential impacts, both positive and negative, of the project. During the visit, the team met local people of different sectors and conducted meetings,
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brainstorming sessions, field examinations, and data gathering and processing for the purpose. The team also made walk through and meandering survey of project area to identify the environment structure and potential areas which needs to be taken in to account.
18. The specific methods used for collecting the required information and conducting the IEE study are as follows. • Literature Review: The published and unpublished relevant information and literatures were extensively reviewed. The potential sources of information include, but not limited to; topographical maps, publications of DDC, District Forest Office, District Soil Conservation Office, District Agriculture Office, District Irrigation Office, District Water Supply Office, District Livestock Services Office, and NGOs. The reports related to the water supply and sanitation scheme (e.g. Feasibility, detailed design Study Report, consultation report and any other relevant report) were thoroughly reviewed in preparing IEE report. • Delineation of geographical boundary of the influence area on the topo-map It is necessary to specify area that shall be covered for assessment of environmental impacts so as to avoid future confusion. Depending upon nature and extent of expected impact area the geographical area is categories into Direct Impact Area (DIA) and Indirect Impact Area (IIA).
Direct Impact Area (DIA) The service area of the proposed project covers ward no. 1 (Ramrekha, Bhagbati road, Lampata); Ward-2 (Rudre Pipal, Maajhkot, Kalika road, Mahendra path, Shreenagar tole, Barpipal, Shiva Dhara tole, Barrack road); Ward-3 (Kinara tole, Kampu tole, Naubise tole, Guthi, Naya Bazaar, Chipleti, Srijana road); Ward-4 (Bazaar area, Sundal Bazaar, Gaudakot, Downstream of ADB road); Ward-5 (Sundanda, Deurali Chowk to Gahate); Ward-11 (Upallachaur, Dungdunga) of Baglung municipality. This area is delineation as Direct Impact Area (DIA)
Indirect Impact Area (IIA) The area around the DIA which may be indirectly affected due to the Project implementation activities such as mobility of people, equipment, vehicles, noise, vibrations, dust etc. is categorized as the indirect impact area. Ward no. – 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 of Baglung municipality are the delineation as Indirect Impact Area (IIA).
• Walk-through Survey: A walk-through survey of the service area was done to inspect and understand the project components and the environmental features of the surrounding areas. Necessary measurements were noted and discussed with the local stakeholders. • Questionnaire & Checklist: As a part of desk study. A check list was used to gather the information on physical and biological parameters. (Annex-I) • Focus Group Discussion (FGD): The discussions have been held during field visit regarding environmental aspects. The relevant stakeholders and the members of the local communities were consulted and a FGD was organized in order to understand their views and opinions. The discussion made during FGD is given in Annex-IV.
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1.2.5.1 Impact Identification, Prediction, Evaluation and Prioritization
19. The information collected from different sources was processed and analyzed according to the physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment within the zone of influence. The collected secondary data were the major sources for verification and cross checking of primary data during the field survey. The generated information from primary source was analyzed, tabulated and prioritized.
20. Based on the identification of the impacts, their prediction was done to forecast the changes in local environment. The methods adopted in impact predictions were done by using various methods, such as matrix, trend analysis, cause and effect relationship, expert judgment etc. The assessment of environmental impact was derived exclusively in terms of magnitude, duration and extent. The significance of positive and negative impacts associated with construction and subsequent operation of the proposed Baglung Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project were identified, predicted and prioritizations of the seriousness of environmental impacts were evaluated.
21. The consultant has addressed environmental aspects by furnishing information on Physical, Biological, Socio-economic and Cultural Environments. The methods followed for each are given under the respective headings below.
Physical Environmental Assessment 22. Existing environmental constraints and potential impacts in the project area were studied through field surveys, complemented by secondary information from reports and interviews with some of government officials, schools and representatives of the local bodies.
Biological Environmental Assessment 23. The information on biological environment was gathered by reconnaissance survey of the project site and surrounding area. Due attention were paid on vegetation, wild life, and aquatic life of the project area and surroundings. The methods used for the collection of biological information are as follows. • Collection of ethno-botanical information on socio-economically important plant species through consultation with local informants. • Ethno zoological data have been obtained by conducting interviews and discussion with local informants. • Information on local uses of aquatic biota, fish spawning site, migration pattern, and weedy aquatic plants were obtained holding interview with local informants.
Socio-economic and Cultural Environment Assessment 24. Social assessment has been attempted to determine the social implication in terms of assumed positive and negative impacts. The primary data for the initial social assessment, which is an integral part of the initial environmental examination (IEE), were obtained through focus group discussion with communities. Additional data were collected from general documents on the districts and households survey questionnaires.
Evaluation of the Impacts of the Project on the Environment 25. The impacts of the project on environment were conducted by grading in the checklists. The checklist used is given in the Annex I of this report.
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1.2.5.2 Overview of IEE Study 26. Following steps were taken by the consultants before preparation of this IEE report • Preparation of ToR and its approval. • Public notification. • Field survey and analysis. • Meetings and gatherings with locals of the project area. • Report Preparation
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Chapter II: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
2.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECTS
2.1.1 Type of the Proposal
27. The Project has been classified as service delivery typed project. The aim of the project is to improve health and quality of life of the people living in the project towns by facilitating drinking water supply facility
28. The service area of the proposed project covers ward no. 1 (Ramrekha, Bhagbati road, Lampata); Ward-2 (Rudre Pipal, Maajhkot, Kalika road, Mahendra path, Shreenagar tole, Barpipal, Shiva Dhara tole, Barrack road); Ward-3 (Kinara tole, Kampu tole, Naubise tole, Guthi, Naya Bazaar, Chipleti, Srijana road); Ward-4 (Bazaar area, Sundal Bazaar, Gaudakot, Downstream of ADB road); Ward-5 (Sundanda, Deurali Chowk to Gahate); Ward-11 (Upallachaur, Dungdunga) of Baglung municipality
29. The present permanent population in the service area is 15,092 and rental is 13,243. According to the social survey, there are 2,608 households (HHs) in the proposed service area. The projected permanent population at the end of design year 2027 from this survey year 2010 (1 year survey and design + 2 year construction + 15 years project life) has been calculated to be as 28,451 with average annual growth rate of 3.80%.
2.1.2 Nature and Types of Goods Delivered
30. The project has been conceptualized as a community based approach. Almost half of the project cost has to be mobilized and shared by the community who will also be responsible for operation and management of the system after its completion. The active involvement of the community in the decision making as well as in project implementation and operation has been ensured. After the completion of the project, the local people of the service area will benefit from regular supply clean drinking water and proper sanitation services.
31. Safe drinking water is distributed the local people of the service area in the proposed service area by distribution system. The project will provide 24-hours supply of water of potable water of NDWQS standard within the project area.
2.1.3 Proposed Project
Installed Capacity
32. The proposed project will meet the water supply requirement demand of the year 2027. The total design water demand for the system at the end of design year (2027) is calculated as 3,200,769 lpd. The adopted per capita water demand is 100 LPCD.
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Operation time
33. The proposed water supply & sanitation project has been designed to provide 24-hours of reliable and continuous safe drinking water in adequate quantity to the people of service areas.
2.1.4 Materials to be Used and Year of Accomplishment
34. The proposed system has been designed using Ductile Iron (DI), High Density Polythene (HDP) and Galvanized Iron (GI) pipes. The details of project components are given in table 2.1
35. The project is designed for design period of 15 years and 3 year have been set for preparation and construction period (1 year for preparation and 2 year for construction), thereby setting the accomplishment year as 2027.
36. Brick, Sand, gravel and river pebbles shall be used as raw materials. This required sand and gravel will used from the Kaligandaki River. Other materials include cement, reinforcement bars, pipe and fitting will be purchased from the market
2.1.5 Emission Resulting from the Implementation of the Project
Solid Waste
37. Excavation in earth in the pipe line trenches, foundation trenches of major structure are the major sources of solid waste. The most of excavated soil will be used in backfilling work of pipe line trenches. Remaining quantity of soil after backfilling will be managed safely around the proposed treatment plant site with better landscape.
Air Quality
38. The project area is connected by the access road and the construction materials and equipments need to be transported to the construction site. The vehicle emission will cause air pollution. The excavation and other construction activity will release dust and particulate matters and the vehicle emission will increase in dust constructions that cause air pollution. However, all these effects will be temporary and will last during construction period only, which will be mitigated by sprinkling water on gravel road.
Noise and Vibration
39. Noise induced from vehicular movement for construction purposes and use of mechanical equipment may have some impact to the workers but not significant effect to the local community. Therefore, the noise and vibration levels generated during the construction period are negligible.
2.1.6 Energy to be Used
40. Proposed water supply system will be operated on gravity, therefore electrical power is not require.
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2.1.7 Manpower Requirement/ Employment Generation
41. Numerous skilled, semi skilled and unskilled manpower are required for the construction work which is expected to last for 2 years. These are the figures which area counted as directly employed and indirect employment opportunities for the collection and delivery of local materials are also be generated in significant numbers.
42. Manpower and annual expenditure required for smooth operation and maintenance for water supply and sanitation system is shown in Table 2.1 and Table 2.2.
Table 2.1: Annual personnel expenditure for operation SN Description of Items Nos Rate/Month (Nrs.) Months Total (NRs) 1 Manager/Administrative Officer 1 15,200.00 13 197,600.00 2 Civil Overseer 1 11,300.00 13 146,900.00 3 Accountant 1 10,000.00 13 130,000.00 4 Meter Reader 3 8,500.00 13 331,500.00 6 Maintenance Worker/ Plumber 6 8,500.00 13 663,000.00 7 Watchman 4 8,200.00 13 426,400.00 8 Peon 1 8,200.00 13 106,600.00 Total (Nrs.) 2,002,000.00
Table 2.2: Annual cost for operation and maintenance SN Unit Amount (NRs) 1 Chemical 96,892.15 2 System maintenance 549,223.04 Total (Nrs.) 646,115.19
43. The total annual (Base Year 2013) cost for operation and maintenance for the water supply system is Rs. 2,648,115.19. It is assumed that the cost will be increased @ 3% per year.
2.1.8 Resources Required
Total capital of the project (Water Supply Components) 276,550,875.59
Cost Breakdown GoN (50%) 138,275,437.80 TDF loan (45%) 124,447,894.02 Community contribution cash (5%): 13,827,543.78
Land area 01. Treatment Plant: 6 Ropani
Building and there types: Lab building, Guard house Machinery and tools: - RCC components will be constructed by using concrete mixture machine, concrete vibrator, - Other hand tools like hammers, saw, speed cutter will be used
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2.2 DETAILED PARTICULAR OF THE AREA
2.2.1 Location and Accessibility
44. Baglung is the district head quarter of the Baglung district in Dhaulagiri Zone of Western Development Region of Nepal. Baglung Municipality, the project site, is linked with Pokhara, the regional head quarter by Bhupi Sherchan (Pokhara - Baglung) highway with all weather black topped road and also with Beni - Jomsom Road. It is also linked with Baglung - Burtibang Road. The town is about 73km away towards west of Pokhara and is located at 28°16’ N Latitude and 83°36' E Longitude. The elevation of service area i s about 1000m above mean sea level (amsl). The town lies in the west from the famous Kali Gandaki river bridge. The location map of the project area is given Annex – II.
2.2.2 Geology, Soils and Seismology
45. The main bazaar area contains mixed typed gravel with sand. The hilly area at North West part of project area contains red clay with gravel mixed soil.
2.2.3 Climate and Air Quality
46. The climate of the project area is sub-tropical and mild temperate. The mean monthly temperature is 21.42°C. The average mean annual rai nfall is 1,994.3mm, which is significantly higher than 1,400mm, the average precipitation of Nepal. The ambient air quality in the rest of the locality is generally good. Indoor air pollution occurs due to use of firewood, traditional stove, and absence of proper ventilation in the houses.
2.2.4 Population and Communities
47. The beneficiary households and population of the delineated proposed project area (Baglung: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 11) is estimated to be 2,608 and 28,335 (15092 permanent and 13242 floating/ rental population) respectively. Among six sampled wards of Baglung Municipality, the largest population is recorded in ward no. 2 (e.g. 37.46 percent), followed by ward no. 3 (24.54 percent), and ward no. 1 (18.65 percent). Similarly population in ward nos. 4, 5 and 11 is reported only 11.19 percent, 1.70 percent and 6.45 percent respectively. It excludes the rental or floating population residing in the proposed project area. It is estimated that there is 13,242 rental/floating populations, which is about 47 percent of the total population of the proposed project area. The average family size of in the project area is 5.80 (excluding rental or floating population), which is significantly higher than district average (i.e. 5.02). The Table 2.3 shows the population in the proposed service area.
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Table 2.3: Total population of delineated project area
Male Total Wards Female Total HH Empty HH Rental Popn forhh Empty Surveyed HH Permanent pop Total Permanent Average size HH Baglung Municipality Projected Population Population inc. Rental Total Popn Permanent BA NA PA. 1 583 577 1416 1365 2781 2052 4.8 6 35 2816 4868 BA NA PA. 2 875 837 2759 2674 5433 5580 6.5 38 220 5653 11233 BA NA PA. 3 667 641 1774 1779 3553 3426 5.5 26 151 3704 7130 BA NA PA. 4 251 245 794 861 1655 1367 6.8 6 35 1690 3057 BA NA PA. 5 45 45 126 130 256 151 5.7 0 256 407
BA NA PA. 11 187 186 494 473 967 667 5.2 1 6 973 1640 Grand Total 2608 2531 7363 7282 14645 13243 5.8 77 447 15092 28335 Source: Households survey 2010.
48. Total population of the service area has been categorised into four major age groups. Population of age below 5 year is found high e.g.18.5 percent, which are the population of infants and children. Population belongs to age group between 6-15 year is to be 15.38 percent that is also considered as a population of school children. It means more than quarter population (e.g. 33.88 percent) of the service area is dependent and they are not contributing household income. Nearly 59 percent population belongs to age group 16-60 year, which is considered as an economic active population. Population of age above 60 years is found only 7.52 percent of the total population, these are destitute, and have no significant contribution in income generation activities. Overall, sampled survey found that 41.4 percent population are dependent in the service area. The table 2.4 shows the distribution of population by Age group.
Table 2.4: Age group of the population Less than 6- 15 16 - 60 61 Years Wards Total 5 Years Years Years and Above 1 292 10.5 542 19.49 1726 62.06 221 7.95 2781 100 2 1871 34.44 655 12.06 2620 48.22 287 5.28 5433 100 3 248 6.98 639 17.98 2353 66.23 313 8.81 3553 100 4 205 12.39 202 12.21 1084 65.5 164 9.91 1655 100 5 13 5.08 34 13.28 185 72.27 24 9.38 256 100 11 81 8.38 181 18.72 612 63.29 93 9.62 967 100 Total/ Overall 2710 18.5 2253 15.38 8580 58.59 1102 7.52 14645 100 Source: Households survey 2010.
49. The service area delineated by project represents the entire social groups. Brahmin and Chhettri are the dominant ethnic group who represent the 56.15 %of the total HHs followed by other ethnic groups - Tharu, Newar, Gurung, Magar, Rai ( 27.91 %), Dalit (10.63 %) and Alpasankak- Munslim, Giri, puri (5.32 %).
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Table 2.5: Ethnic composition of the total population Adibasi/ janajati Dalit Minorities Others Total No % No % No % No % 122 20.90 139 23.88 26 4.48 296 50.75 583 317 36.27 26 2.94 51 5.88 480 54.90 875 162 24.36 51 7.69 26 3.85 428 64.10 667 52 20.69 35 13.79 35 13.79 130 51.72 251 23 50.00 0 0 0 0 23 50.00 45 53 28.57 27 14.29 0 0 107 57.14 187 728 27.51 277 10.63 139 5.32 1464 56.15 2608 Source: Households survey 2010.
2.2.5 Health facilities
50. There is one Zonal Hospital, one Zonal Aayurbed Hospital, one Private Hospital & Research Centre and one Dental Home within project area. Hospital is the first priority for treatment for the people living in the service area as about 60 percent people prefer to go to hospital.
2.2.6 Educational facilities
51. The survey reveals that maximum numbers of the population i.e. 84.7 percent are literate and 15.3 percent are illiterate in the project area. As shown in Table 2.6, about 40 %population achieved secondary level of education including SLC passed , as compared with the population having primary level (e.g. 13.7 %) and /or IA or +2 (14.6 %) in the service area. Just literate population is found to be 21 % of the total literate population which is relatively high as compared with others. There are only 11.3 % population having Bachelors or above degree.
Table 2.6: Distribution population by educational status by wards (6 years and above) among literate
Secondary SLC Total Primary IA/+2 Ward Just Literate Level Passed Bachelor Master Others Literate Level No % No % No % No % No % No % No % No % No % 1 1007 48.90 147 7.10 105 5.1 326 15.8 223 10.8 177 8.6 60 2.9 15 0.7 2060 100
2 414 13.90 395 13.30 695 23.4 580 19.5 501 16.9 298 10 86 2.9 2969 100
3 274 9.90 546 19.70 697 25.1 538 19.4 441 15.9 206 7.4 70 2.5 2772 100
4 268 20.50 146 11.20 221 16.9 370 28.3 175 13.4 107 8.2 19 1.5 1306 100
5 27 12.30 31 14.10 20 9.1 60 27.3 25 11.4 46 20.9 11 5 220 100
11 134 17.10 121 15.40 209 26.6 148 18.9 108 13.8 54 6.9 11 1.4 785 100
Total 2124 21.00 1386 13.70 1947 19.3 2022 20.0 1473 14.6 888 8.8 257 2.5 15 0.2 10112 100
Source: Households survey 2010.
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Table 2.7: Ward-wise distribution of educational institutions Total Status Consum- Munici- Student Teacher Other Staff Latrine SN Name Population of WS ption pality
Wards Male Fem Total MaleFemTotalMaleFem TotalMale Fem Total Source Ltr/d Type No. 1 Rudrepipal SS Baglung 2 8 2 10 2 2 4 10 4 Pipe 500 water 2 supply sealed 2 Nepal Scout Majhkot 2 20 21 41 1 0 1 1 0 1 22 21 water 0 Bal Bikash sealed Kendra 3 Sunrise Baglung 3 175 250 425 12 12 24 2 0 2 189 262 Pipe 300 water 7 B School supply sealed 4 Kaligandaki Baglung 3 220 250 470 9 11 20 3 0 3 232 261 Pipeline 2000 water 11 B School supply sealed 5 Biddhamandir Bank Road 2 544 485 1029 6 14 20 2 5 7 552 504 Pipeline 2000 water 7 HSS supply sealed 6 Kalika Kanya Kamputole 4 300 209 509 3 12 18 1 0 1 304 221 Pipeline 1000 water 2 Mandir HS supply sealed 7 Dhaulagiri Majhkot 3 27 45 72 2 4 6 5 0 5 34 49 Pipeline 1500 water 3 Bahira supply sealed (deaf) PS 8 Kaligandaki Baglung 3 150 175 325 2 10 12 1 1 2 153 186 Pipeline 200 water 3 HSSS supply sealed 9 Adarsha Baglung 3 495 315 810 13 32 45 4 1 5 512 348 Pipeline 1500 water 10 HSS supply sealed 10 Dhaulagiri Baglung 3 60 40 100 8 0 8 2 0 2 70 40 Pipeline 1000 water 2 BS supply sealed 11 Ambar Adarsa Baglung 3 328 492 820 20 20 40 6 4 10 354 516 Pipeline 3000 water 14 HS supply sealed 12 Dhaulagiri Baglung 3 80 36 116 7 18 25 2 2 4 89 56 Pipeline 6000 water 17 Pravidik supply sealed Sikcha Pratistan 13 Sidharta Baglung 1 76 152 228 7 6 13 4 8 12 87 166 25 Pipeline 6000 water 8 Sikcha Sadan supply sealed 14 New Everest Baglung 1 245 305 550 19 15 34 3 2 5 267 322 Pipeline 3500 water 9 Academy supply sealed 15 Childern Life Baglung 1 318 282 600 16 18 34 4 2 6 338 302 Pipeline 3000 5 BS supply 16 Dhaulagiri Baglung 1 63 12 75 4 5 9 0 1 1 67 18 Pipeline 200 4 Technical supply Sikchalaya 17 Holi Child Baglung 2 190 295 485 11 15 26 2 1 3 203 311 Pipeline 3000 4 BS supply 18 Future Bright Baglung 2 275 300 575 12 20 32 2 1 3 289 321 Pipeline 3500 8 BS supply 19 Balmandir Balmandir 2 36 77 113 5 3 8 1 1 2 42 81 Pipeline 1000 5 PS Road supply 20 Amrit Adarsa Balmandir 2 310 457 767 12 26 38 4 3 7 326 486 Pipeline 3000 8 HSS Road supply 21 U S Jeep Park 2 270 210 470 11 14 25 4 0 4 285 224 Pipeline 2500 7 Academy supply 22 New Oasis Shree- 2 268 480 748 16 21 37 6 1 7 290 502 9 Academy nagartole 23 Shree Dundu-ngna 11 98 95 193 5 4 9 1 0 1 104 99 2 Upalla Choure HS 24 Sarasowati Shree- 4 353 400 753 10 47 57 2 1 3 365 448 8 Homes & nagartole Dignity college 25 Woman Shiva 4 58 0 58 0 3 0 3 61 0 4 Feder Hostel Dhara 26 Mahendra Baglung 2 1110 1640 2750 5 103 108 45 47 92 1160 1790 12 Multiple Campus Total 6069 702313082 224 432 659 112 83 195 6405 7538
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2.2.7 Socio-economic Conditions (community structure, family structure, social well-being)
• Population and Households
52. The Table 2.8 shows the community structure of the project area in terms of size of individual household and its members.
Table 2.8: Distribution of population by sex and family size Baglung Wards Total Surveyed Female Male Total Permanent Average Municipality HH HH popn HH size BA NA PA. 1 583 577 1416 1365 2781 4.8 BA NA PA. 2 875 837 2759 2674 5433 6.5 BA NA PA. 3 667 641 1774 1779 3553 5.5 BA NA PA. 4 251 245 794 861 1655 6.8 BA NA PA. 5 45 45 126 130 256 5.7 BA NA PA. 11 187 186 494 473 967 5.2 Grand Total 2608 2531 7363 7282 14645 5.8 Source: Households survey 2010.
53. Total population of the service area has been categorised into four major age groups. Population of age below 5 year is found high e.g.18.5 %, which are the population of infants and children. Population belongs to age group between 6-15 year is to be 15.38 % who are school going children. It means more than one third population (e.g. 33.88 %) of the service area is dependent on others and they are not contributing to household income. Nearly 59 % population belongs to age group 16-60, which is economically active population. Population of age above 60 years is found only 7.52 % of the total population, these are destitute, and have no significant contribution in income generation activities.
54. About 31.72 % households are living in the service area since birth and remaining 68.28 %of total household have migrated from the village and districts in last 20 years.
55. Study shows that 31.72 percent households were living in the service area since by birth. Remaining 68.28 percent of total household has been migrated from the vicinity districts and VDCs of Baglung district in the period of 1 to 20 years. Table 2.9 shows that the distribution of households by migration status.
Table 2.9: Distribution of households by migration Local Resident Migrated Total Wards No. % No % No % 1 335 58.06 242 41.94 577 100 2 602 71.92 235 28.08 837 100 3 507 79.1 134 20.9 641 100 4 162 66.12 83 33.88 245 100 5 39 86.67 6 13.33 45 100 11 59 31.72 127 68.28 186 100 Source: Households survey 2010.
2.2.8 Employment Status
56. The sampled survey shows that out of the total population only 39.1 percent are employed and remaining 60.9 percent population have not a specific income generation activities or they are largely un-employed. The occupation of the beneficiaries were analysed on the basis of a single
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main activity of the household, accordingly only 10.5 percent of the households have agriculture as a main occupation followed by business (23.9 percent), service (23.3 percent), remittance (9.5 percent), wage earning or daily wage labour (7.3 percent) and producing industries (1.4 percent). About a quarter households (e.g. 24.2 percent) reported that they have multiple source of income and have more than one occupation (Table 2.10).
Table 2.10: Distribution of HH by main occupation 10 years & above Un-employed Employed Total Wards No % No % No % 1 1132 (50.3) 1118 (49.7) 2250 (100.0) 2 2479 (75.0) 828 (25.0) 3307 (100.0) 3 1577 (52.3) 1438 (47.7) 3015 (100.0) 4 992 (71.8) 389 (28.2) 1381 (100.0) 5 166 (72.2) 64 (27.8) 230 (100.0) 11 352 (43.5) 457 (56.5) 809 (100.0) Total 6698 (60.9) 4294 (39.1) 10992 (100.0) Source: Households survey 2010. Table 2.11: Distribution of employed population of HH among 10 years & above
Wage Total
W ar ds Agriculture Business Service Industry Remittance Other Earning Employed No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % 1 142 (12.7) 261 (23.4) 442 (39.5) 17 (1.5) 176 (15.7) 80 (7.2) 1118 (100.0) (1.8 2 21 (2.5) 180 (21.7) 151 (18.2) 15 167 (20.2) 18 (2.2) 276 (33.3) 828 (100.0) ) (2.3 3 62 (4.3) 288 (20.0) 245 (17.0) 33 112 (7.8) 115 (8.0) 583 (40.5) 1438 (100.0) ) (1.8 4 61 (15.7) 206 (53.0) 67 (17.2) 7 32 (8.2) 2 (0.5) 14 (3.6) 389 (100.0) ) (3.1 5 15 (23.4) 6 (9.4) 27 (42.2) 2 12 (18.8) 2 (3.1) 64 (100.0) ) (0.7 11 149 (32.6) 87 (19.0) 68 (14.9) 3 66 (14.4) 2 (0.4) 82 (17.9) 457 (100.0) ) (1.4 Total 450 (10.5) 1028 (23.9) 1000 (23.3) 60 406 (9.5) 313 (7.3) 1037 (24.2) 4294 (100.0) ) Source: Households survey 2010.
2.2.8.1 Income and Expenditure
• Income
57. Out of 2608 households, more than 56 % have monthly income above Rs 10,000; while only 4.26 % households have income below Rs 3000. Similarly 6.6 % households have income ranges between Rs. 7501-10,000; and only 1.53 % t households have income ranges Rs. 4501-7500, and additional 1.04% has monthly income ranges Rs 3001-4500. However, nearly one third (e.g. 30.48 %) households did not response their income level.
Table 2.12: Distribution of household income Not 4501 – 7501 - 0 -3000 3001 - 4500 10000 Above Total responded 7500 10000 Wards No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % 1 36 6.17 35 6 11 1.89 10 1.72 44 7.55 447 76.7 583 2 459 52.46 17 1.94 5 0.57 4 0.46 41 4.69 349 39.9 875 3 139 20.84 39 5.85 5 0.75 11 1.65 59 8.85 414 62.1 667 4 111 44.22 11 4.38 5 1.99 5 1.99 12 4.78 107 42.6 251 5 21 46.67 3 6.67 1 2.22 0.00 1 2.22 19 42.2 45 11 29 15.51 7 3.74 0.00 10 5.35 15 8.02 126 67.4 187
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Total 795 30.48 112 4.29 27 1.04 40 1.53 172 6.6 1462 56.1 2608
• Expenditure
58. About 10.43 % households have expenditure less than Rs 3000; 19.44 % households spend monthly Rs. 7,501-10,000; 4.52 % households have monthly expenditure between Rs.3001- 7,500; and 34.66 % have monthly expenditure of more than Rs.10,000. However, 8.09 % of the total households did not response about their household expenditure.
Table 2.13: Monthly expenditure of household Not 7501 - 0 -3000 3001 – 7500 10000 Above Total Wards responded 10000 No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % 1 42 7.20 92 15.78 25 4.29 187 32.08 237 40.65 583 100.00 2 462 52.80 44 5.03 30 3.43 125 14.29 214 24.46 875 100.00 3 142 21.29 86 12.89 22 3.30 138 20.69 279 41.83 667 100.00 4 111 44.22 30 11.95 14 5.58 25 9.96 71 28.29 251 100.00 5 22 48.89 7 15.59 3 6.67 10 22.22 3 6.67 45 100.00 11 28 14.97 13 6.95 24 12.83 22 11.76 100 53.48 187 100.00 Total 807 30.94 272 10.43 118 4.52 507 19.74 904 34.66 26.08 100.00 Source: Households survey 2010.
2.2.9 Resettlement Issues
59. The team has critically studied / addressed the possibility of resettlement issues if some people are affected due to the project implementation. Most of the pipeline route passes through the road and public land. All required structures such as washout, collection chamber, etc. are located in public land. The proposed sites for, treatment plants, lab-building etc. are located in public land. There are no houses to be displaced. Thus land acquisition and resettlement problem will not be the issue for Baglung town project.
60. The following Table 2.14 shows the details of properties, public or private, which are likely to be intercepted during the construction of pipe lines and other components of the project.
Table 2.14: Resettlement Plan Stretch/ Property Likely nature SN VDC Ward Length (m) Compensation Location intercepted of damage 1 Resha 4 Existing Resha Transmission The barren temporary Not required. The intake - 1no main 9km land, road, intake and Collection forest and transmission main chamber -1no government has been Transmission land constructed. Only main -9km rehabilitation works need to be carried out in earthen road structure. 2 Bhim 3 Dodiya intake -Area for Government Permanent Not required, Pokhara – 1no intake and land, earthen for intake and All structures are Collection Collection road and collection located in public chamber – 1 chamber bushes in chamber and property. no -Transmission barren land temporary for and main transmission Transmission 2,325.40m main. main
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Stretch/ Property Likely nature SN VDC Ward Length (m) Compensation Location intercepted of damage 3 Lekhani 1 Bhundi intake -Area for – 1no intake and Government Permanent Not required, Collection Collection land , earthen for intake and All structures are chamber – 1 chamber road and collection located in public no -Transmission bushes in chamber and property. and main barren land temporary for Transmission 6,426.20m transmission main main.
4 Baglung 5,4 Transmission 8,207.4 Government Temporary Not required Municip main land and road ality 5 Baglung 4 New treatment About 5 WUSC Permanent Not required for Municip plant for ropanies ownership and Riththe Khola ality 21.1lps partly is under treatment plant site user's and upstream length community of but agreement forest required from community forest to use the land from community forest 6 Baglung 1,2,3,4,5,1 Distribution Municip 1 System 52,350m Government Temporary Not required ality From various land and road service reservoir to all distribution system
2.3 EXISTING WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND DRAINAGE INFRASTRUCTURE
2.3.1 Water Supply
61. There exist two water supply systems, which supply water to Baglung bazaar and surrounding villages from Resha khola and Rithe Khola respectively. The first system was designed for 21 lps flow and second system was for 3 lps. However, at present Resha khola supplies only 12 lps due to leakages at intake area and transmission main. Its flow can be increased up to 17 lps after protection of intake and rehabilitation of transmission main. Similarly and Rithe khola supplies only 1.5 lps into the service reservoir. Initially, these systems were operated by WSSDO which was later handed over to Baglung municipality on 2000 AD. Likewise, the Municipality later handed over the ownership of the water supply system to the Baglung WUSC on 2007AD. Since then, both the systems are owned by WUSC who is fully responsible for regular O&M, new HH connections and tariff collection.
62. The Resha Khola intake is located at Resha VDC. The transmission line from Resha khola intake to service reservoir passes through the cultivated land, barren land, road and forest. The length of the transmission main is about 9 km. The 150mm dia. GI pipe and 180- 200mm dia. HDPE pipes are used in transmission main. In some places, the pipeline is exposed above the ground
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and is damaged which need to be replaced. The high valley having the transmission main at Dobilla area has HDPE pipe to be replaced by DI pipe due to high pressure developed in it.
63. The Rithe khola intake is located at Tityang VDC. The length of transmission main from Rithe khola to service reservoir is about 4.5 km. The Rithe khola WS system has been discarded in the new system because it has less flow and requires replacement of transmission pipeline, which require large amount of extra fund.
64. There are other small water supply systems for the village area of ward no. 5. The sources have minimum flow and require separate treatment plant. Hence, these small sources were also discarded in the new system.
65. Hence, only one existing system Resha has been incorporated in the new system with necessary rehabilitation works in intake, transmission main and other structures. The Resha system fulfils about 43% of total demand.
66. At present, WSSDO is constructing treatment plant at upstream of Sundanda reservoir for existing Resha system. The filter for the existing systems consist the sedimentation followed by roughening filter and slow sand filtration and disinfecting units. Among them, the three-unit slow sand filters and some auxiliary works are still remaining to be constructed. However, the new treatment plants are partially operated. There are three reservoirs in the existing systems of 500cum, 500cum and 42 cum capacities respectively situated at three different locations. The first reservoir at Sundanda is located about 26.50m below than second reservoir situated at Ratmata. The third one at Handedanda is about 60m down. The second reservoir at Ratmata is located at highest level than the other two. At present first and second reservoir are in use but the first reservoir has leakage in wall and in floor needs to be repaired. The RCC slab has to be replaced by CGI roof truss. The roof of second reservoir has been damaged, which has to be repaired or replaced by CGI roof truss. The water from first reservoir is pumped by a 10HP capacity pump into the second reservoir. After completion of new scheme no pumping will require. The third reservoir is situated at just upstream of the bazaar, which is very old and cannot cover more area. So it is discarded for the new WS system.
67. The daily water supply schedules from the existing systems are from 6 AM to 9 AM and 4 PM to 6:30 PM. However, the local people are getting water in alternate days only due to the water leakages from collection chamber constructed near intake. Moreover, the water at source has decreased this year rapidly than previous years. The distribution system is not functioning properly. The settlements of downstream are fetching more water than the settlements of upstream. Mostly, HDPE pipes of 50 - 180mm dia are used in distribution system. The distribution pipe has leakage at several points and taps connections and is not designed properly. Hence, most of the existing distribution pipes have been discarded for the new distribution system. The pipes that are in good condition and meet the present design size and norms will be utilized. WUSC will utilize the old pipes during operation & maintenance and future extension in small area, if required.
68. The Baglung WS systems have 2416 private taps, 22 public taps, 52 government office connection, 69 Institutional taps and 2 Community taps. The public taps serve the water to the community of those houses with no private connections. The demand of new connection is increasing.
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2.3.2 Sanitation
69. The sanitary condition of the Baglung municipality / community is satisfactory. Almost all the households in the urban areas have their own toilets connected to septic tank. Similarly, private latrines with septic tank have been constructed in some households in rural area also. Almost 90% of HHs of Baglung municipality has toilets. However there is no public toilet in the community.
70. There is surface drainage facility in core bazaar area to drain storm water. The roadside drains are situated on both side of the road in the core area. But its capacity is limited. Therefore, there is a major problem during monsoon due to the insufficient capacity of existing drainage to drain out the runoff water flowing from forest hill located upstream of the town. During rain, people also open their septic tank and foul are spread over the town. There is no surface drainage facility in the remaining areas of the town. There is also no proper solid waste management system in the community.
71. DSC has explained the concept and modality of the project for the construction of sanitary sewer, sewer treatment plant, sludge drying bed but WUSC has decided to launch the water supply activities only in the town at present.
72. The health and hygiene status of the community people is satisfactory. The very common water borne diseases like typhoid, diarrhea, jaundice, and dysentery are the incidents noticed in the community people periodically.
2.4 SERVICE AREA
73. The proposed service area of Baglung Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project has been delineated in closed consultation with Baglung WUSC. The WUSC has identified and specified the service area together with DSC. The service area has been revised and decreased than it was delineated during former detailed engineering design carried out on 2008. The ward no, tole / villages of Baglung municipality included in the service area are as follows.
Ward no. 1: All settlements (Ramrekha, Bhagbati road, Lampata)
Ward no. 2: All settlements (Rudre Pipal, Maajhkot, Kalika road, Mahendra path, Shreenagar tole, Barpipal, Shiva Dhara tole, Barrack road)
Ward no. 3: All settlements (Kinara tole, Kampu tole, Naubise tole, Guthi, Naya Bazaar, Chipleti, Srijana road)
Ward no. 4 : Bazaar area, Sundal Bazaar, Gaudakot,
Ward no. 5: Sundanda, to Gahate
Ward no. 11: Upallachaur, Dungdunga Ambot, Lower side of ADB road, Tulase
Table 2.15: Population coverage SN Population Survey Year 2010 Base Year 2013 Design Year 2027 28,451 1 Total 15,092 16,879
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2.5 COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT
74. The Baglung Water Supply Town Project has been designed as a gravity flow water supply system, which will supply water from stream water sources. The water shall be allowed to pass through the treatment plant consisted with sedimentation, roughening filter, slow sand filter and disinfecting units and will be stored in the ground storage reservoir located at elevated hill above service area. The water goes in the distribution system from service reservoir by gravity flow
75. The major components of the town projects are:
• Stream Intakes • Collection chamber • Transmission main • Distribution main • Suspended cable crossing • GI Pipe crossing • Plain sedimentation tank • Roughening filter • Slow sand filter • Control valve chamber • Pipe valve box • Air Valve / Wash out • Laboratory Building cum WUSC Building • Boundary wall • Community Tap connection • HH connections • Transmission Pipe line rehabilitation • Rehabilitation of Sundanda reservoir • Rehabilitation of Ratamata reservoir
Table 2.16: Components of Projects Infrastructure Function Description Location Intake To withdraw water Two new intake and one rehab. Of Dodiya, Bhunti from the sources existing intake and Resha Transmission Pipe Delivery of water DI Pipe 150mm dia to 200mm dia - Baglung Line (18,835 m) from Intake to 11,985m, GI Pipe 100mm dia-4,850m Municipality storage tank W.No: 5 & 2 Distribution Pipe Delivery of water HDPE Pipe 50mm dia to 160mm dia – Baglung Line (49,510 m) from Reservoir to 47,305m, GI Pipe 40mm dia to 100mm Municipality HH connection dia – 1,085m and DI Pipe 150mm dia to W.No 1,2,3,4,5 200mm dia – 1,205m & 11
Flocculator To mixed alum with Ratmata Danda, raw water Baglung
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Infrastructure Function Description Location Municipality W.No 2, Sedimentation To sediment Ratmata Danda, Tank dissolve particles Baglung Municipality W.No 2 Slow Sand Filter To filter raw water Ratmata Danda, Baglung Municipality W.No 2 Ground water Storage of water Capacity 500m3 – 2 nos, Ratmata Danda, storage tank Baglung (existing) Municipality W.No 2 Control valve Control the flow in Baglung chamber the distribution pipe Municipality line W.No 1,2,3,4,5 & 11 Pipe valve box Control the flow in Baglung the distribution pipe Municipality line W.No 1,2,3,4,5 & 11
2.6 SOURCE OF WATER
76. There are two sources of the existing water supply systems in Baglung bazaar and surroundings. They are Resha khola and Rithe Khola. Resha khola system supplies 16 lps (but currently 12 lps supplies due to leakage from intake, transmission main and reservoir) and Rithe khola supplies 1.5 lps into the different service reservoir. The Rithe khola WS system has been discarded in the new system because it has very low flow. The existing Resha khola water supply system has been used in the new system with necessary rehabilitation works. Resha system fulfils about 43% of total water demand. The Resha Khola intake is located at Resha VDC. The transmission line from Resha khola to service reservoir Sundanda passes through the public land, barren land, road and forest.
77. The Dodiya and Bhundi Khola sources are proposed to augment required quantity of water in the existing water supply system. The flow from Dodiya khola and Bhundi khola will be tapped 14.85 lps and 6.25 lps respectively. The existing and proposed sources are most potential and appropriate for the project area on the basis of source reliability, very less human intrusion and low operation & maintenance cost required.
78. The yield of Dodiya khola at proposed intake site is about 50 lps, which had been measured on May, 2008 and verified in May 2010 also. The maximum safe yield that can be drawn is 45 lps for the scheme. However, only 14.85 lps (29.7%) is proposed to be tapped to augment in the new system. The yield of Bhundi Khola at proposed intake site is about 30 lps, which had been measured on May 2008 and also verified in May 2010. The maximum safe yield that can be drawn is 27 lps for the scheme. However, only 6.25 lps (33.1%)is proposed to be tapped to augment in the new water supply system. The Dodiya and Bhundi Khola combined sources are proposed to augment total 21.1 lps flow in the existing system
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79. The quantity of water proposed to tapped from Dodiya and Bhundi sources to augment in the system is 29.7% and 33.10% respectively. This quantity is less in comparison the safe yield of the proposed sources. Hence, there will be no inverse impact on downstream benefit, aquatic life and as well as environment.
2.7 WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
80. The water of stream water source needs some treatment. The water quality of the existing and proposed sources has been tested during rainy and winter season of this year and mainly found that turbidity, iron and faecal coli form are excess in Dodiya source, faecal contamination in existing Resha source, turbidity, iron and faecal coli form in Bhundi source. These values are more than prescribed NDWQS standard or WHO guidelines value. Hence, the water of existing and proposed new sources needs treatment
81. The treatment plant has already been designed and partially constructed for the existing Resha system. The three slow sand filter units are designed and kept in present scope. The similar conventional type treatment plant has been proposed for the new sources too. Sedimentation followed by roughening filter followed by slow sand filtration and disinfections has been designed for water treatment of new sources. The water quality test result of the existing and proposed sources is presented in Annex VI. It is expected that the proposed treatment process shall meet the NDWQS standard or WHO guidelines.
2.8 SERVICE RESERVOIRS
82. The physical condition of three reservoirs of each 500 cum at Sundanda, 500 cum at ratmata and 42 cum of the existing system are quite satisfactory. The first reservoir has leakage in wall and in floor, second has roof damages, which needs some rehabilitation works. The third is situated close to Bazaar at low elevation and cannot cover more area. Hence, the third reservoir is not included in the new system. The first two reservoirs serve the water in most service area. The size of existing reservoirs have been checked and found that the sizes are much more than required. Hence. Existing reservoir will be used after necessary rehabilitation works
2.9 PIPE LINES
83. The GI 100mm dia., and DI 150 - 200mm dia. are used in the design of transmission main. The estimated total transmission pipeline length is about 16,835.00m including 5% extra of actual one. The transmission line is stable and passes through forest, barren land and road.
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84. The distribution system consists of pipe network designed by preparing the loop network system. The hydraulic design has been carried out by using SW-WSP software. Mostly HDPE pipes of outer dia. 50mm to 160mm, GI 40mm to 100mm of inner dia. and DI 150mm -200mm have been used in the design of distribution system as per technical requirement and suggestion of the community.
85. The pipeline is designed by adding 10% extra length of actual one. However, the estimated distribution pipeline length is 52,350.00m including 7% extra length in actual one. The estimated distribution pipe includes 2,840.00m existing pipe, which shall be utilized in new system.
2.10 OTHERS APPURTENANCE
Stream Intake
86. The stream water of Dodiya and Bhundi source is proposed for the new water supply system. The selected intake sites are stable. The stream intake is designed for the both source. A stone masonry stream intake has been designed. Cost for the construction of drainage and fencing around the intake has been proposed to divert surface runoff and to protect intake.
Collection Chamber
87. Collection chamber has been designed to construct at downstream of each Dodiya, Bhundi khola source to remove large size suspended particles. The chamber has been proposed little bit below the stream intake. Furthermore, the chamber is designed to regulate the flow in transmission line by providing a gate valve.
Air Valve
88. Air valves have been designed to release the air accumulated in the hump of pipes lines. The water flowing through pipes always contain some air. This air tries to accumulate at the highest points and may interfere in the flow. Air relief valve is provided in the hump of the transmission and distribution pipe line and near the reservoir to provide the exit for such accumulated air.
Suspended Cable Crossing
89. In new and existing transmission main, the ground is swampy nature at Bokse area. Hence, 80m span suspended cable crossing has been designed for both.
Control Valve/ Pipe Valve Box
90. The purpose of the control valve is to regulate the required flow in each distribution main from the junction. Sometimes it can be used for the maintenance of distribution system in particular area without closing whole distribution system. A control valve is provided in the system where there are more than two branches from one junction or where it is necessary. In most of the places pipe valve boxes have been designed. There are 15 nos. of control valves and 104nos. pipe valve boxes are designed in the distribution system. The control valves will be utilised for washout also.
Tap Connection
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91. In all service area 2m long 50mm dia HDPE pipe has been connected with distribution main with the help of Tee. This Tee has been arranged at each 20-30m distance. All tap connections shall be made only from this pipe connected with Tee and then connected with distribution main. Each Tee will have 6-8 connections.
92. The system has been designed mainly for private house connections. The tap connections include fully plumb, yard type. Similarly, community taps 64 nos. and others for institutional and commercial use 107 taps shall be connected during construction phase. All tap stands will be metered. Each community connection will supply water for average 6 households. The system is so designed that total 5,003 connections can be made available from the system during design year 2027.
Laboratory Building cum Office Building
93. A three room laboratory building cum WUSC office building has been designed and included in the system. This has been proposed at new treatment plant site.
Boundary Wall
94. MS Angle post with GI barbed wire fencing above stone masonry wall has been proposed to protect the structures such as treatment plants, reservoirs and office cum laboratory building. The total length of boundary wall shall be 450m, which will be constructed around the existing reservoir and new treatment plant.
2.11 TYPE, CATEGORY AND NEED OF THE SUBPROJECTS
95. The proposed project comprises of two major components. The first component is water supply services which include development of new or rehabilitation of water supply project, construction of treatment plant, storage tanks/ service reservoir, construction of transmission and distribution systems in required extent.
96. The project falls under category B of ADB’s Environmental Categorization as it has less significant environmental impacts and therefore only an Initial Environmental Examination is required.
97. The existing water supply system of the Baglung municipality is not capable of fulfilling the water demand of existing and proposed service area. Also the water quality of the existing supply is not good as the distribution pipe lines have leakages and the chances of contamination are high. Therefore it is necessary to design a new system that augments flow and rehabilitates the existing water supply system.
98. The project has been conceptualized on community based approach. Almost half of the project cost has to be mobilized and shared by the community who will be responsible for operation and management of the system after its completion. The active involvement of the community in decision making as well as in project implementation and operation has been ensured. WUSC will be responsible for regular operation and maintenance of the project including collection of tariff from the users.
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2.12 SALIENT FEATURES THE PROJECT
99. The project details have been presented in Salient Features as below:
Salient features of Baglung Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project 1. Project Name: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project 2. Scheme Name: Baglung Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project, Baglung
3. Service Area: Includes the following settlements of Baglung Municipality:
• Ward no. 1: All settlements (Ramrekha, Bhagbati road, Lampata) • Ward no. 2: All settlements (Rudre Pipal, Maajhkot, Kalika road, Mahendra path, Shreenagar tole, Barpipal, Shiva Dhara tole, Barrack road) • Ward no. 3: All settlements (Kinara tole, Kampu tole, Naubise tole, Guthi, Naya Bazaar, Chipleti, Srijana road) • Ward no. 4: Bazaar area, Sundal Bazaar, Gaudakot, Downstream of ADB road • Ward no. 5: Sundanda, Deurali Chowk to Gahate • Ward no. 11: Upallachaur, Dungdunga
4. Scheme Type: Gravity System 5. Designed Flow (lps): 37.05 but 37.1 (adopted) Flow Tapped From Existing WS System Resha: 16 lps Flow Tapped From Proposed New Sources Dodiya: 14.85 lps Bhundi: 6.25 lps
6. Source Discharge Measurement: Dodiya 50lps and Bhundi 30lps during dry season 7. Design Period: 15 years (1 year survey and design, 3 years construction and 15 years design period). 8. Household No. - Survey Year: 2,608 9. Growth Rate: 3.80% per annum. 10. Population: Survey Year 2010 Base Year 2013 Design Year 2027 15,092 16,879 28,451 11. Water Demand at design year (lpd) Domestic: 2,560,615 Non-domestic demand (adopt 12.5 % of domestic demand, which includes ` rental population demand, Institutional demand, Industrial/ Commercial demand, filter backwash demand, fire demand etc.) 320,077 Leakage and wastage (10%): 320,077 Total: 3,200,769
12. Structures required Intake Type Stream Intake (no.) 2 Collection chamber 2 Total pipe length (m) 69,185.00 Transmission main (m) 16,835.00 Distribution main, New pipe (m) 42,580.00 New pipes kept instead of existing pipes(m) 6,930.00 Existing pipe used (m) 2,840.00 Pipe Size Transmission Main GI (M ), (mm) 100 DI (mm) 150 -200
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Distribution main HDPE (6 or 10 kg/cm2), (mm) 50- 160 GI (M ), (mm) 40 -100 DI (mm) 150 -200
Flocculator, (no.) Double Unit 2 (Ratmata and Sundanda) Sedimentation tank (no.) Double unit -1 (Ratmata) Roughening filter (no.) Four unit – 1 (Ratmata) Slow sand filter (no.) Double unit-1 (Ratmata) Single unit- 2 (Ratmata) Single unit -3 (Sundanda for existing)
Service reservoir (no./ cum) existing 2 (each 500) Control valve chamber (no.) 15 Washout/ Air Valve (no.) 15 Pipe Valve Box (No) 104 GI Pipe Crossing (no.) 6
HH Fully Plumbed and Yard Connection (no.) 2,535 Institutional Connection (no.) 107 Community Connection (no.) 64 (1 community connection for each 6 HH) WUSC building cum Laboratory ((no.) 1 Retaining wall (m) 80 Suspended cable crossing (no.) 2 Boundary wall (m) 150 Transmission pipe rehabilitation (m) 2000 Rehabilitation of Sundanda reservoir 1 Rehabilitation of Ratamata reservoir 1
13. Estimated project cost for water supply component (Nrs.) as per district rate 2067-2068: Total (including 10% physical contingencies, 5% Price contingencies and 13% VAT):
276,550,875.59 GoN (50%): 138,275,437.80 TDF loan (45%): 124,447,894.02 Community contribution cash (5%): 13,827,543.78
14. Overall Sanitation Component Cost (Nrs.) after Conceptual Design as per district rate 2067-2068
Sewer system with treatment plant (44845.00m): 370,844,965.98 Surface drainage (56473.00m): 228,659,813.13
2.13 PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR IMPLEMENTATION
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100. The tentative work scheduled has been prepared and included in Fig. 2.1.
Fig. 2.1: Work Scheduled Work Schedule for Detailed Engineering Design Review/ Update, Construction Supervision and Operation and Maintenance Phase Detailed Engg. Design Review/ Update Contract Construction Supervision and processi S.N. Description ng Operation and Maintenance May-10 Jun-10 Jul-10 Aug-10 Sep-10 Oct-10 Nov-10 Dec-10 Jan-11 Feb-11 Mar-11 Apr-11 Aug-11 Rem I Detailed Engineering Design Review and Update Phase 5/11 1 Mobilisation 2 Collection and review of reports, documents etc.
3 Site visit, meeting with WUSC and community, service area confirmation, source confirmation etc. 6/10 4 Prepare and submit field study inception report Provide input to PMC to prepare various 5 documents 6 Water quality test, field verification/ carryout engineering survey and investigation, resettlement plan preparation 7 Review and update design works including population forecast, water demand determination, reservoir sizing, peak factor determination, intake design, pipeline design, treatment plant design, HH connection and auxillary works. 8 Cost estimate, economical and financial analysis, carryout Initial Environmental Examination and review and update social profile. 9/30 9 Prepare and submit updated detailed design draft report
10 Conduct workshop on draft report findings at Months Four Twenty Phase Supervision PMO and community level 11 Receive comments from clients/ community in updated draft design report 4/15 12 Prepare and submit updated detailed design Months Four Award Contract and Procedure Contractural final report by incorporating all comments
II Construction Supervision Phase Contract Management and Contract Administration during Construction Construction during Administration Contract and Management Contract Operation and Maintenance during Defect Liability Phase twelve Months twelve Phase Liability Defect during Maintenance and Operation III Operation and Maintenance Phase
2.14 PROJECT ACTIVITIES
101. The major project activities are as below:
• Land acquisition • Construction of Intake • Construction of Treatment Plant • Renovation of existing service reservoir • Laying and jointing of pipes • Excavation along the municipal road, along foot paths etc for laying of pipe. • Construction of WUSC office/Lab building, • Construction of Valve chambers, Pipe valve box and house connection
2.15 PATH FOR MOVEMENT IN THE PROJECT AREA WHERE PROJECT IS TO BE IMPLEMENTED
102. The project site, is linked with Pokhara, the regional head quarter by Bhupi Sherchan (Pokhara - Baglung) highway with all weather black topped road and also with Beni - Jomsom road. It is also linked with Baglung - Burtibang Road. Most part of the service area is easily accessible by motor vehicle.
2.16 MANUFACTURING PROCESS
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103. The project will be constructed using cement, brick, sand, reinforcement steels, DI Pipe, GI Pipes, HDPE Pipes etc.
2.16.1 Land Acquisition
104. Acquisition of land for the construction treatment plant, ancillary building has been completed.
2.16.2 Construction of Stream Intake
105. The sources Dodiya and Bhundi khola have enough quantity of water and lie in same direction of Resha khola, the existing source, which will be easy for operation and maintenance in future. The proposed source Dodiya khola has about 50 lps discharge and Bhundi has about 30 lps discharge. The sources have enough water for the proposed service area.
106. The new intake of Dodiya khola shall be kept at left bank and downstream of Bal Bahadur Pun’s Janata Sewa Water Mill at Bhim Pokhara VDC. The proposed intake site is situated at about 1125 m elevation. The common point of Dodiya and Bhundi transmission main is at 1102.32 m elevation and the elevation of new treatment plant at Ratmata is 1087.80m.
107. The new intake of Bhundi khola is designed to construct at the downstream of the confluence of Kadesko khola and Lekhani khola. After the confluence, the khola is named as Bhundi khola. The elevation of intake site is about 1179.00m.
108. A low height stone masonry check dam across the khola has been designed and proposed for both sources. Gabion bank protection has been provided on upstream and downstream side at both banks, as necessary. A stone masonry wall is provided upstream and connected with check dam wall. The chamber will be filled by big boulder. The boulder is covered by iron grating. The pipes are laid below the boulder and connected with collection chamber. Both intake sites are stable.
2.16.3 Renovation of Service Reservoir
109. Existing two Reservoir of each 500 cum capacity will be used after completion of necessary renovation
2.16.4 Pipe Laying and Jointing Including Earthwork
110. The distribution system consists of pipe network designed by preparing the loop network system. The hydraulic design has been carried out accordingly. The HDPE pipes of sizes from 40- 200mm have been proposed in the existing distribution system as per technical requirement and as suggestion of the community. The estimated length of the existing pipe lay in the road and foot trail is 9,810.04m. Among them 2840.0m existing pipe is used in the new system design as they matched the present design and remaining pipe of existing system has been discarded and replaced by new one
111. Distribution system comprises a pipe net work, which is designed in loop network system by using SW-WSP software. SW-WSP is software used for the analysis of the water supply network. The base demand, elevation of each node and reservoir and distance from node to node are the basic input data, which are available from survey
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112. The distribution line is proposed along the both sides of the pitch and gravelled road to avoid frequent road pitch cutting. The remaining road and foot trail have single pipe. This has been finalized with WUSC before carrying out the design.
113. The length of distribution pipe line is 53,761.10m including 10% extra of actual one. However, the estimated distribution pipeline length is 52350.00m including 7% extra length in actual one. The estimated distribution pipe includes 2,840.00m existing pipe also
2.16.5 Construction of House Connections
114. The household shall connect the tap to their household by making a Tee in distribution main to avoid frequent hole in distribution main.
115. The average 12m length of 15mm dia. Medium class GI pipe has been estimated up to meter for each HH connection. The meter shall be kept near and adjoining the compound of the houses. After meter, each HH should extend the pipe themselves as they desire. The necessary fittings have been designed.
2.16.6 Raw Materials to be Used
116. Sand, Gravel, river pebbles and bricks will be used as raw materials. The required sand, gravel and river pebbles will be used from the local quarry located at Kaligandaki River. Other materials include cement, reinforcement steel, GI Pipes, HDPE Pipes will be procured from the Pokhara market. DI Pipes will be procured in Kathmandu. All the raw materials and other materials require for constructions are available in require quantity in above mentioned market. All the construction materials will be stored in the proposed site for treatment plant.
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2.17 DETAILS OF TECHNOLOGY
117. The following design parameters have been considered for the design of the water supply system.
System: • 24 hours operational • Gravity System
Water quality: The water quality of the existing and proposed sources has been tested during rainy and winter season of this year and mainly found that turbidity, iron and faecal coli form are excess in Dodiya source, faecal contamination in existing Resha source, turbidity, iron and faecal coli form in Bhundi source. These values are more than prescribed NDWQS standard or WHO guidelines value. Hence, the water of existing and proposed new sources needs treatment.
Sedimentation followed by roughening filter followed by slow sand filtration and disinfections has been designed for water treatment of new sources
Consumption Pattern:
Hours Percentage of daily demand 05:00 – 07:00 25 07:00 – 12:00 30 12:00 – 17:00 15 17:00 – 19:00 15 19:00 – 05:00 15
Peak factor: 3.00
Design Period: 15 years
Water Demand:
Type of Demand Recommended Demand Fully plumbed connections 90lpcd Yard connections 65 lpcd Community taps 45 lpcd Non domestic demand consists of rental/ floating 12.5% of domestic population, institutional demand, commercial demand, demand fire fighting
118. For the design purpose, 10% of total water demand has been considered for wastage, leakage or uncounted water use as specified in SSTWSSSP guidelines
Pressure and Velocity
Minimum residual head of 8-10: at all service nodes Velocity: least 0.2 m/sec
Pipe materials: DI, GI & HDPE
(Source: Detailed Project Report of Baglung Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project, 2011)
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Chapter III: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.1 WATER RESOURCES
3.1.1 Surface Water and Quality
119. There are two sources of the existing water supply systems in Baglung bazaar and surroundings. They are Resha khola and Rithe Khola. Resha khola system supplies 16 lps (but currently 12 lps supplied due to leakage from intake, transmission main and reservoir) and Rithe khola supplies 1.5 lps into the different service reservoir.
120. The Dodiya and Bhundi Khola sources are proposed to augment required quantity of water in the existing water supply system. The flow from Dodiya khola and Bhundi khola will be tapped 14.85 lps and 6.25 lps respectively. The existing and proposed sources are most potential and appropriate for the project area on the basis of source reliability, very less human intrusion and low operation & maintenance cost required. But the treatment plant is necessary for both existing and new sources. The treatment plant of existing system has been partially completed. The water quality test report is kept in Annex-VI
3.1.2 Groundwater and Quality
121. The project area lying a hilly region, ground water exploration is not possible in the area.
3.2 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES
3.2.1 National Parks and protected areas
122. There are no national parks and protected area for forest/ wildlife nearby the project area.
3.2.2 Forests (including rare or endangered species)
123. In Baglung District, forests have been categorized into community, leasehold and private forest. There are 337 Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs) who own 12,286 Ha of community forest benefiting 41,257 households. The table below shows the area occupied by these forest and number of households benefited by these forests. There is one community forest (Ratmata Community Forest) inside the project area situated at Baglung Municipality W. No. 4.
Table 3.1: Types of forests in Baglung district SN Forest Type Area (Ha) Number of benefited HHs 1 Community Forest 12,286 41,257 2 Private Forest (1 no.) 0.84 - 3 Leasehold Forest 3.76 Source: District Profile of Baglung district, 2008
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3.2.2.1 Flora
124. The community forest is located at North West side of the project area. The treatment plant partly situated at community forest. A sub tropical type of forest dominates the area. Chilaune (Schima wallichi), Katus (Castanopsis indica), Utis (Alnus nepalensis)) and Khote Salla (Pinus roxburghii) are the abundant floral species
3.2.2.2 Fauna
• Mammals
The commonly found mammals in the area are Jackal (Canis aureus), Indian Fox (Vulpes bengalensis), Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), Hanuman langur (Presbites entellus), Jungle cat (Felis chaus), Dhole (Cuon lurtra), Squirrel (Fanambulus sps), Jungle rat (Bandicota indica), Swamp deer (Cervus duvauceli) and Chittal (Axis axis)
• Birds
Black shouldered Kite (Enalus caereleus), Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus), Great barbet (Meghalaima virens) and Jungle Myna are some common species of birds found in the project area.
• Reptiles
The common species of reptiles found in the area are green lizard (Calo tesversicolor), common monitor lizard (Vranus bengalensis), green pit viper (Trimeresrus albolabris) and water snake (Ntrix stolata)
3.2.3 Physical or Cultural Heritage
125. The project area has no physical or cultural heritage and archaeologically important monument and object of art. However, some temples are situated in the project area and during important religious occasions, people visit these temples. The popular festivals of the service area are Dashain, Tihar, and Teej.
3.2.3 Slums and Squatter Settlements
126. No slums and squatter settlements exist within project area.
3.3 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECTS FOR GROWTH
3.3.1 Land Use 127. The settlement pattern in the service area is nicely urbanized in core bazaar area. Somewhere it is heterogeneous. But most of the municipal area is bazaar. Outside the core area, the houses are grouped together and attached with other houses and some are scattered. The rate of migration into the service area from the surroundings and other districts is increasing during last few years. Purchasing lands and plots of housing company to construct the house by outside residents has proved the said statements.
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3.3.2 Infrastructure
3.3.2.1 Transportation
128. The project site, is linked with Pokhara, the regional head quarter by Bhupi Sherchan (Pokhara - Baglung) highway with all weather black topped road and also with Beni - Jomsom road. It is also linked with Baglung - Burtibang Road. The town is about 73km away towards west of Pokhara
3.3.2.2 Drinking Water Supply
129. There exist two water supply systems, which supply water to Baglung bazaar and surrounding villages from Resha khola and Rithe Khola respectively. The first system was designed for 21 lps flow and second system was for 3 lps. However, at present Resha khola supplies only 12 lps due to leakages at intake area and transmission main. Its flow can be increased up to 17 lps after protection of intake and rehabilitation of transmission main. Similarly and Rithe khola supplies only 1.5 lps into the service reservoir.
130. There are other small water supply systems for the village area of ward no. 5. The sources have minimum flow and require separate treatment plant and have been discarded. Hence, only one existing system Resha has been incorporated in the new system with necessary rehabilitation works in intake, transmission main and other structures. The Resha system fulfils about 43% of total demand.
131. The daily water supply schedules from the existing systems are from 6 AM to 9 AM and 4 PM to 6:30 PM. However, the local people are getting water in alternate days only due to the water leakages from collection chamber constructed near intake. Moreover, the water at source has decreased this year rapidly than previous years. The distribution system is not functioning properly.
3.3.2.3 Surface Drainage, Sanitation & Sewerage
132. The sanitary condition of the Baglung municipality / community is satisfactory. Almost all the households in the urban areas have their own toilets connected to septic tank. Similarly, private latrines with septic tank have been constructed in some households in rural area also. Almost 90% of HHs of Baglung municipality has toilets. However there is no public toilet in the community.
133. There is surface drainage facility in core bazaar area to drain storm water. The roadside drains are situated on both side of the road in the core area. But its capacity is limited. Therefore, there is a major problem during monsoon due to the insufficient capacity of existing drainage to drain out the runoff water flowing from forest hill located upstream of the town. During rain, people also open their septic tank and foul are spread over the town. There is no surface drainage facility in the remaining areas of the town. There is also no proper solid waste management system in the community.
3.3.2.4 Electricity
134. The locality is connected to the national grid of power supply and thus has access to electricity.
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3.3.2.5 Communications
135. All kind of communication facilities are available in the project area. Baglung has been facilitated by telephone and mobile phone services which include GSM, CDMA and sky mobile. Majority of people living in and around project area have television in their home. Project area facilitated by different national daily news papers like Kantipur, Rising Nepal, Gorakhapatra, Rajdhani. There is also good facility of postal service in the district.
3.3.3 Economic Characteristics
3.3.3.1 Industries
136. There are no major types of industries in and around the project area except some small scale or cottage industries operating within the Baglung district.
3.3.3.2 Agricultural development
137. Many of the rural households in the Baglung district are dependent upon agricultural products. The major crops produced are wheat, maize, paddy, and seasonal vegetables
3.3.3.3 Mineral development
138. Mineral exploitation activities are nonexistent in Project Area
3.3.3.4 Tourism development
139. Baglung district has got potential to be good tourist destination for internal as well as external tourist. The tourist uses the route to reach Muktinath, the famous temple.
3.3.3.5 Development Organisations
140. There are numerous organizations that are working in the development sector within the district. Some of them are-
• District Water Supply & Sanitation Division Office • Urban and Building Construction Department, Division Office • Irrigation Division Office • Road Department • District Technical Office • District Development Committee’s Office • Nepal Telecommunication Office • Nepal Electricity Authority Office • District Administration Office • District Police Office • Zonal Police Office • District Traffic Police Office • Nepal Army Office • District Agriculture Office • Women Development Office
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• District Forest Office • FM Radio Station – 1 no. • VDC office • Nepal Red Cross Society etc.
3.3.3.6 Major Environmental Problems
141. Some of the environmental problems, apart from those related to drinking water supply and sanitation, prevalent in the project area are:
• Lack of proper management of medical wastes from district Hospital. • There is no enough drainage system to drain out storm water from some of the places of service area. • Lack of proper municipal solid waste disposal site in the municipality.
3.3.3.7 Health and Sanitation
142. All household members were found generally more concerned about their personal hygiene habits, among them 99 percent are male. Study shows that women and children are washing hands before and after eating and defecation practices. As the service area is in the district headquarter where education and health facilities are relatively better in position compared with the surrounding district, the personal hygiene awareness of the local people seems good.
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Chapter IV: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
143. Environmental impacts on physical, biological and socio–economic and cultural aspect are identified and predicted based on the existing environment condition with respect to the proposed project interventions in terms of their magnitude, duration and their extent during pre- construction, construction and operation & maintenance phase.
144. The impacts are not necessarily always negative; some impacts could be positive and beneficial as well. The implementation of the project will have several beneficial impacts to the people of Baglung municipality in Baglung district. The attempt is to augment the positive impact and remove or minimize the negative impacts by applying suitable mitigation measures.
145. The local people will benefit from safe and sufficient supply of drinking water and have improved sanitary situation. All this will significantly raise the living standard of the people in the Baglung municipality.
146. The proposed Baglung Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project will have only minor negative impacts on the physical, biological and socio-cultural aspects of the area. The impacts are mostly local in nature and can be easily and cheaply mitigated with suitable mitigation measures and regular monitoring schedules. Some of these impacts are described below:
4.1 PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE
4.1.1 Environmental impacts due to project design and location
147. There could be some issues related to project location and design such as encroachment of forest area and effect on cultivated land. The site for constructing treatment plant is located in existing Riththe Khola treatment plant site and partially in community forest. Although the land has been managed by WUSC, some trees need to be cut down for that purpose and to mitigate the effect, compensatory re-plantation of trees is necessary. Since the location areas of the major structures have been decided in consultation with the WUSC and the required areas have already been managed, the chances of conflict due to location of the project components are minimal. Required legal permits and authorization has to be taken from the concerned authorities.
148. To avoid the risk of pollution of raw water supply and water distributed to the users; the system has to be designed in such a way that there is adequate protection around the intake and the distribution pipe has to be located away from the drains to avoid the contamination of water being supplied. The Table 4.1 shows the details of project location and the nature of damage.
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Table 4.1: Location of project components Likely Stretch/ SN VDC Ward Length (m) Property intercepted nature of Compensation Location damage 1 Resha 4 Existing Transmission The barren land, temporary Not required. The Resha intake main 9km road, forest and intake and - 1no government land transmission main Collection has been chamber -1no constructed. Only Transmission rehabilitation main -9km works need to be carried out in earthen road structure. 2 Bhim 3 Dodiya intake -Area for Government land, Permanent Not required, Pokhara – 1no intake and earthen road and for intake All structures are Collection Collection bushes in barren and located in public chamber – 1 chamber land collection property. no - chamber and Transmission and Transmission main temporary main 2,325.40m for transmissio n main.
3 Lekhani 1 Bhundi intake -Area for – 1no intake and Government land , Permanent Not required, Collection Collection earthen road and for intake All structures are chamber – 1 chamber bushes in barren and located in public no - land collection property. and Transmission chamber Transmission main and main 6,426.20m temporary for transmissio n main. 4 Baglung 5,4 Transmission 8,207.4 Government land Temporary Not required Municip main and road ality 5 Baglung 4 New About 5 WUSC ownership Permanent Not required for Municip treatment ropanies and partly is under Riththe Khola ality plant for user's community of treatment plant 21.1lps forest site and upstream length but agreement required from community forest to use the land from community forest 6 Baglung 1,2,3,4,5,11 Distribution Municip System 52,350m Government land Temporary Not required ality From various and road service reservoir to all distribution system
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4.2 CONSTRUCTION PHASE
4.2.1 Environmental impacts due to project construction
4.2.1.1 Physical Environment
149. The project may have impacts on physical environment of the project site at all three stages. As the size of structures proposed for water supply system the impacts do not seem to be significant.
150. The major physical environmental issues identified are briefly presented below in Table 4.1.
Table 4.2: Physical environmental issues and impacts Issues Impacts Type Extent Duration Magnitude Phase Land use • Change in land use D Site Long L C & O (water supply structures) D Site Short L C • Change in land use (pipelines) Erosion, land • Treatment Unit & D Site Short L C stability & Guard House Geology • Transmission line D Site Short L C • Distribution lines D Site Short L C
Water, soil • Water and soil D Regio Long L C & O quality and pollution due to nal Hydrology improper disposal of toxic and non-toxic wastes • Leakage and D Regio Long L C & O disposal of oil and nal grease Water Quality • Water pollution due I Local Long L & M C to earthwork activities • Littering of solid waste D Local Medium M & H O
Air Quality • Air pollution due to D Local Short L C & O movement of project vehicles • Air pollution due to D Site Short L C & O dust particles
Noise and • Noise & vibration due D Local Short L C Vibration to project vehicular movement • Noise pollution due to D Site Medium L C & O operation of Pumps & Diesel Generator Note: D Direct Impacts L Low Impacts C Construction Phase I Indirect Impacts M Moderate Impacts O Operation Phase H High Impacts
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i) Change in Land use pattern
151. The intake, reservoir and treatment plant requires some land area, which causes land use pattern to be changed permanently. Similarly, the land use pattern will be changed during laying of transmission and distribution pipelines which will be temporary and insignificant. Care will be taken during the construction period so that there is minimal disturbance on the existing land use pattern.
ii) Erosion, Soil Stability and Geology
152. The proposed system is based on the augmentation of water quantity by exploring two new surface sources and use of existing surface water source into treatment plant and surface level storage tank before supplying it through distribution lines to the service area. Excavation for pipe laying work is to be carried out in small stretch (max 500m at a time), excavated soil will be used for backfilling of trenches. Therefore, erosion, soil instability are not expected to occurs, and inverse impact on geology is expected during the construction activities of the proposed project. But the possibility of falling of children and cattle into trench during has to be expected and has to be avoided.
153. Mitigation measures: To avoid this, care will be taken while excavation so that there is minimal disturbance and the excavated soil needs to be properly backfilled and disposed against erosion
iii) Water, Soil Quality and Hydrology
154. The excavation and construction spoils are the major products of the construction activity. In addition to construction wastes, the labour camps and their sanitary activity will also generate unwanted wastes. The construction wastes and spoils may have adverse implications on adjoining water sources. Possible activities, which may influence the surface water and soil quality include • Improper disposal of solid waste disposal both from construction work force camp and construction yard. • Leakage and disposal of oil and grease from the construction equipment. • Increase in sediment due to triggering of erosion by the earthwork excavations.
155. These could eventually affect the water and soil quality, even though the changes are temporary and last during the construction period only. There is no remarkable and inverse impact on hydrology is expected during the construction period.
156. Mitigation measures: Safe disposal of excavated soil, prohibition on littering and discharge of toxic and non– toxic waste, prohibition on leakage of oil and grease, provision of sealed container for collection toxic waste, surface water monitoring.
iv) Air Quality
157. The vehicular movement for construction purposes, excavation and other construction activity may release dust and particulate matters. Crushers and other mechanical equipment may emit some quantity of dust and smoke. Increase in suspended particulate matters, increase in fugitive dust particles during construction and increase in vehicular movement for construction purposes
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may have negative impacts on air quality in the project area. However, all these effects will be temporary and will last during construction period only. To minimize such impact water will be sprinkled at regular intervals so that the dusts settle down and regular maintenance of the equipment and vehicles will be carried out.
158. Mitigation measures: Provisions of emission testing equipment, restriction on waste littering, use of masks, spraying of water to control dust, air quality monitoring etc.
v) Noise and Vibration
159. Noise induced from vehicular movement for construction purposes and use of mechanical equipment may have some impact to the workers but not much to the local community. The proposed project does not consider blasting, 24-hours of works on shift and use of excessively heavy machineries and equipments. It means that the noise and vibration levels over the existing ones do not seem to be significant and all these effects will be temporary and will last for the construction period only.
160. Mitigation measures: Provisions of restriction on horns, maintenance of equipment, fitting of mufflers to noisy equipment, speed restriction and regular maintenance of the equipment and vehicles will be carried out.
v) Waste Water Disposal and Management
161. There is surface drainage facility in core bazaar area to drain storm water. The roadside drains are situated on both side of the road in the core area. Since there is not any sewerage system, each household have septic tanks for the management of human excreta. World Bank is going to implement the construction of surface drainage work in the Baglung Municipality. Therefore, there will no inverse impact due to the waste water.
vii) Spoil Disposal and Quarry Site
162. No major excavation work will be required in Baglung Water Supply Project. The major excavation is required only during the construction of foundation for treatment, which is of low magnitude thus avoiding the problem of disposal. The excavation and transportation of soil has both physical and economical consequences.
163. Mitigation measures: Excavated soil will be reused properly during backfilling with well compacted and surplus excavated soil will be safely disposed in designated place.
4.2.1.2 Biological Environment
164. Water supply schemes during construction and operation can adversely affect the existing biological species and ecological systems. The potential environmental impact of the project on local flora and fauna during construction and post construction phases will be low as the activities do not involve clearing grazing land and fertile agricultural lands. Site clearance is required during laying of pipeline and construction of treatment plant. However, those impacts are for short periods only during the construction period.
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165. Above mentioned environmental impact regarding the aqua-species is non-significant. But there are some potential impacts, which illustrated in Table 4.3.
Table 4.3: Biological environmental issues and impacts Issues Impacts Type Extent Duration Magnitude Phase Forest • Loss of 5 number of D Site Medium L C & 0 trees, Khote Salla (Pinusrox burghii Vegetation • Loss of vegetation for D Site Short M C clearance of sites for structures • Loss of vegetation due D Site Short L C & O to laying of pipelines Flora & fauna • Loss of flora & fauna D Site Short L C due to project sitting & related activities Habitat • Loss of habitat due to D Site Short L C project sitting & related activities Aquatic life and • Effects to aquatic life D & I Site Short L C & O ecosystem due to wastewater discharge & project activities Note: D Direct Impacts L Low Impacts C Construction Phase I Indirect Impacts M Moderate Impacts O Operation Phase H High Impacts
i) Forest
166. Proposed site for treatment plant is located at partly in community forest and partly in existing Riththe Khola treatment plant site. The land has been managed by WUSC, but for the construction of treatment plant and storage reservoir, 5 numbers of trees, Khote Salla (Pinusrox burghii) need to be cut down. Letters of approval from the Community Forest Committee and District Forest Office (DFO) for cutting the trees need to be obtained. Only the trees that are marked and have been approved by the DFO needs to be cut.
167. There is possibility of some disturbance due access of labour force to nearby forest but the chances of cutting trees by the labourers are limited as the forest is managed by the community. Since the community itself owns and manages the forests, the risk of damage to the forest will be low.
168. Mitigation Measures: The community forests affected has to be compensated by panting and rearing saplings at the rate of 25 saplings for each felled tree. Therefore compensatory plantation of 125 number plants and its maintenance it for 5 years has been proposed and necessary budget is included in the cost estimate Restricting use of fuel wood in labour camp, provision of minimization of vegetation clearance
ii) Vegetation
169. The natural vegetation and ecology of project area will be disturbed due to construction activities of different project components. The vegetation/ bushes clearance will permanent in the sites of
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treatment plant site, whereas the damaged vegetation will be recovered in pipe laying works after a short period. As far as possible, plantation of ground vegetation will be done wherever possible.
170. Mitigation Measures: Restricting use of fuel wood in labour camp, provision of minimization of vegetation clearance
iii) Flora, Fauna and Wildlife
171. The destruction of trees and ground vegetation can have adverse impact on the species diversity of local wildlife population and care will be taken so that there is as little disturbance as possible. There are no wildlife species registered as rare/endangered/protected status under IUCN/GoN, therefore the risk of loss of endangered species is none. Night time operations of machinery and possible hunting/poaching activities of the project labourers may cause some disturbance to the local wildlife and that can be controlled by precautionary measures and issue of strict rules to the labourers regarding impact to the flora, fauna and wildlife.
iv) Habitat
172. Clearing of trees and vegetation will result in loss of habitat of some wildlife species. The population dynamics of resident and migratory birds and reptiles at the project sites may be affected temporarily during construction phase. Precautionary measure will be taken to avoid the destruction of habitat. The impact on wildlife due to construction of the project is non-significant.
v) Aquatic Life and Eco-System
173. The proposed system is based on the augmentation of water quantity by exploring two new surface sources and use of existing surface sources. The quantity of tapped water is very small in comparison to the yield of the river. Sufficient quantity of water will be released to the downstream of the river; therefore, the aquatic life will be hardly disturbed.
174. Mitigation Measures: Environmental awareness program required, excavated soil will be dispose safely against erosion, the quality of river waters will be regularly monitored and the workers will be prohibited from fishing activities.
vi) Obstruction of fish migration and fish entrainment due to the construction work:
175. Only small quantity of water will be tapped for the proposed project in comparision to the available quantity of of water in the sources; hence such problems will not exist.
4.2.1.3 Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment
Table 4.4: Socio-economic and cultural environmental issues and impacts Issues Impacts Type Extent Duration Magnitude Phase Acquisition of land • Acquisition of agricultural land D Site Long H C & O
Socio-economic & • Impact on social structure & D & I Local Long H C & O cultural practices cultural aspects • Impact on employment D & I Local Short M C & O • Migration D & I Local Long H C &O • Local economy
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D & I Local Long M C & O Quality of life values • Occupational Health and Safety D Local Short L C (OHS) I Local Long M C & O • Socio-economic values I Local Long H O • Public health I Local Short L C & O • Aesthetic values I Local Long L O • Cultural values Traffic Management Reinstatement of damaged community services an infrastructure such as irrigation canals, road, foot trails, water
supply line etc. D Local Short M C • Difficulties in traffic and pedestrian movement • Visual & aesthetic impacts I Local Short L C
Note: D Direct Impacts L Low Impacts C Construction Phase I Indirect Impacts M Moderate Impacts O Operation Phase H High Impacts
i. Land Acquisition
176. The construction of permanent structures such as intake and treatment plant does not require land acquisition and will be constructed in existing public land, community forests or areas already managed by WUSC. The WUSC will ensure that such lands will be appropriately arranged for the project. The most of the pipeline route passes through the road and public land. Hence land acquisition; resettlement plan and compensation will not be issues during the project implementation.
177. As compared to the size and nature of the project land acquisition will not require for the execution of the project. The contractor will rent temporary land for his camp/office through the negotiation with the owner in the approval of DSC. Sanitation facilities (toilet) for the camp will be installed by contractor with the consultation of DSC. Therefore land acquisition, compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation will not be the issue in the proposed project.
ii. Impairment to infrastructure
178. All the major structures of the proposed project like treatment plant, office building etc will be constructed on public land. Similarly most of the pipe line routes are aligned along the public property. But some of the pipe line impairs the footpath and drain in bazaar area (Bhim Chowk, Campus Road, Milan Chowk etc) of Baglung Municipality ward no. – 3 & 4. There will be no need of relocation of existing public and private facilities.
179. Mitigation Measures: All the damaged infrastructure will be repaired and cost is included in Bill of Quantity.
iii. Historical and Archaeological Treasures
180. The service area of the project is not a site of archaeological and historical values. Hence, there are no any impacts on archaeological and historical artefacts’.
iv. Law and order issues due to the influx of outside workforce, money and unwanted activities
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181. During the project construction, the influx of seasonal workers may create some law and order issue in the local area. The cultural differences between the outside workforce and local people may initiate conflict including the possibility of disease transmission, pollution and competition for available resources. The irresponsible behaviour of the construction workers such as gambling and drinking may create social and gender related problems. Therefore, the workers will be strictly supervised and instructed to respect the local culture and lifestyle and work in a responsible manner.
182. Mitigation Measures: The project will take protective measures to minimise impact, cultural awareness program will be conducted. Priority will be given to local people while employing labourers for the project work. Child labour will be prohibited at any case.
v) Gender Issue
183. The project will create job opportunity to considerable number of skilled and unskilled people. Large number local women will also have opportunity to get involved in the job. This will create a positive impact on the socio-economic environment of community and play a vital role towards gender empowerment.
vi) Occupational and Safety Hazards
184. Life, health and safety of workers particularly of those involved in concreting, trench cutting, formwork and rebar fixing in overhead tank and heavy duty construction work is of prime concern.
185. Mitigation Measures: To mitigate or minimize the hazards adequate safety instructions will be provided to the contactor and monitor from the project side.
vii) Health and safety
• Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)
186. Problems related to workers health and safety can arise during construction work. The emission of dust particles and noise vibration during construction can affect the health of workers. Similarly, there could be incidence of accidents, spillage, fire that can have negative impact on the health of the workers.
• Community Health and Safety
187. Spread of the water borne diseases and deterioration in sanitary conditions can affect the health and safety of the entire population.
188. Mitigation Measures: Sanitation awareness program will be conducted, provision of first aid medicine and safety equipments (hand gloves, hard cover helmets and boots etc). Health and accident insurance will be provided by the contractor to all workers.
viii) Traffic Management
189. The project area does experience heavy traffic movement except in Baglung Beni Road. Traffic plans will be prepared to mitigate traffic congestions and disturbances to pedestrians. Temporary
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disruption of the local access due to construction and excavation could affect pedestrians and other vehicles
190. Mitigation Measures: Traffic management plan will be prepared and implement accordingly without interrupting the work and movement of traffic at working place. Proper diversion signboards and prior notifications of the construction activities will be provided during the construction period.
ix) Livelihood and impact on local economy
191. Since the project will create job opportunity to considerable number of skilled and unskilled people. Large number local women will also have opportunity to get involved in the job. This will create a positive impact on livelihood and economy of the community.
x) Migration Problem:
192. After completion of the project, there will be increase in the population of the project area. The project is designed for 15 year with considering population growth rate. Hence problem of migration will be insignificant.
xi) Impact on Education:
193. Increase in the population of the project area will create pressure on education, but impact on education will be insignificant
4.3 OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE PHASE IMPACTS
194. Inadequate Operation and Maintenance of the project will create hazard in terms of safety of the personnel involved as well as in the overall output of the project. Timely monitoring and routine maintenance of the subsystem will ensure smooth running of the project and avoid unnecessary obstruction and delays. • Under sub-optimal operational condition, there will be risk of contamination of water in the distributed system which could lead to disease epidemics throughout the community. Such risk will be minimized by regular monitoring of water in the distribution to ensure that it meets the minimum National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS). Training will be provided to the staff on water quality assessment and operational supervision will be ensured.
• There is risk of health hazard, especially to the operating staff, due to unmanaged and improper use of chlorine. Guidelines for using chlorine will be developed and proper handling and storage of chlorine to be set up.
• There is risk of pollution of nearby streams by the waste water directly flowing from the outlet. The quality of waste water is to be monitored so that it is within the acceptable limits and river quality is to be measured at different outfall points.
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4.4 MITIGATION MEASURES
195. The following Table 4.5 provides the summary of project activities, potential environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measure.
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Table 4.5: Types of impacts, mitigation measures, responsibilities and cost
Project Project Activity Potential Environmental Impacts 05. Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibility Cost (Rs) Stage Location of project 1. Encroachment of forest areas • Legal permits and authorization from DWSS/SSTWSSSP/PMC/DSC Included in the components concerned agency and District Forest project cost 2. Conflict due to project location Office to be obtained
• Consultation and involvement of local communities
1. Risk of pollution of raw water supply • Adequate protection measures of the Design of project DWSS/SSTWSSSP/PMC/DSC Included in the components intake, storage tank and distribution project cost -Project Activity (Project -Project (Project Activity 2. Risk of pollution of water distributed pipe to be designed
Pre Design) Physical Environmental
Construction of 1.Risk of pollution of river water due to the • Regular water quality monitoring of Intake construction of Intake (Earthwork and other water in the distribution system masonry work) • Reuse of excavated soil properly
Construction Phase Earthwork in 2. Soil erosion and soil stability • Excavated soil placed safely against Contractor/WSSDO/ DSC Included in excavation for pipe erosion contractors bidding laying and documents construction works • Reuse of excavated soil properly during backfilling the pipe line trench with well compacted
Construction Phase
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Project Project Activity Potential Environmental Impacts 05. Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibility Cost (Rs) Stage Construction works 3. Air quality (Dusty Environment) Contractor / DSC/ WSSDO Included in contractors bidding • Air pollution due to movement of project • Frequent sprinkling of water documents vehicles • Air pollution due to dust particle • Monitoring of air quality • Air pollution due to operation of pumps • Vehicle emission test (use of green and diesel generator sticker for vehicle) Construction works 4..Noise and vibration due to: • Restriction on blowing of pressure Contractor / DSC Included in • The project vehicular movement horn haphazardly for the vehicle contractors bidding • Noise pollution due to operation of diesel involved in construction works documents generator • Regular maintenance of equipment • Mufflers to be fitted in noisy equipments • Speed restriction Biological Environmental Construction works 5. Disturbance and loss of forest • Compensatory plantation at the rate of Contractor/PMO/WUSC Included in cost (approximately 5 trees to be cut) and 25 saplings for each felled tree (125 estimate vegetation plants to be panted and reared ) • Only marked trees to be cleared • Vegetation clearance to be minimized as far as possible • Restricting use of fuel wood in the labor camp
6.Impact on flora, fauna and habitat due to • Environmental awareness program Contractor/WSSDO/ DSC NA project sitting and related activities • Night time operation of machinery to be avoided • Hunting/poaching activities of labourers to be prohibited
7. Impact to aquatic life • Construction work to be avoided in Contractor/ WUSC NA rainy season • Quality of river water to be regularly monitored •
Construction Phase Ban on fishing activities
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Project Project Activity Potential Environmental Impacts 05. Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibility Cost (Rs) Stage Socio-Economic Environment Construction works 8. Impairment to infrastructure • Proper precaution to be taken at the Contractor/WSSDO/ DSC Included in (Construction activities may impair some of time of construction contractors the existing community infrastructure such • Any damaged to the existing bidding as road, foot trail etc.) infrastructure will be repaired documents
Construction works 9.law and order issues and disturbances on • Instruction to all workers to act in a Contractor NA social structure and cultural practice responsible manner • Impact on employment • Prohibition of use of alcohol and • Migration gambling • Local economy • Cultural awareness of local • Cultural value communities to outside workforce • Pollution from outside workforce • Priority to be given for employment of local labor • Workers to be strictly supervised • Proper sanitation facility will be provided in the labour camp (sanitation toilet and safe drinking water) • Collection of solid waste in fixed place. Construction works 10.Occupational Health and Safety (Impact • Instruction to adopt safety measures Contractor Included in cost on health depending upon working • Adequate safety equipments like estimate condition) hand gloves, hard cover helmets • Occupational health and safety (OHS) and boots will be provided • Socio-Economic values • First aid at hand in the working area • Aesthetic values in adequate quantity
Construction works 11. Community Health and Safety • Quality of drinking water to be Contractor/WSSDO/DSC/WUSC NA monitored • Spread of water borne diseases • Treatment of communicable • Deterioration in sanitary condition diseases and regular health checkups to be done • Periodic cleaning Construction Phase
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Project Project Activity Potential Environmental Impacts 05. Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibility Cost (Rs) Stage Construction works 12. Traffic management • Prior notification of construction Contractor/WUSC NA • Traffic congestions and disturbance to activities pedestrians • Diversion signboards to be provided • Disruption of the local access
Operation of water 13. Risk of pollution of surface water source • Plantation in the Intake area Contractor/ DSC Included in cost supply and sanitation due to the surface runoff • Construction of drainage around the estimate systems surface water source to divert surface runoff • Construction of fencing work around the Surface water source 14. Risk of contaminated water in the • Regular water quality monitoring of WUSC/DWSS Included in cost distribution system water in the distribution system estimate
• Training to the staff on water quality assessment 15. Health hazard due to unmanaged use • Proper handling and storage of WUSC Included in the
of chlorine chlorine to be set up cost estimate
• Guidelines for using chlorine to be provided 16. Risk of pollution of river water (nearby • Quality of effluent and river quality to WUSC Included in the streams) by effluents from water treatment be regularly monitored cost estimate plant Operational Phase
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4.5 MITIGATION COST
196. Most of the mitigation costs are already included in the project cost and the operational and maintenance cost. The cost estimation for some uncovered issues especially for operation and maintenance are as follows.
Table 4.6: Mitigation cost (construction phase) SN Activities Estimated Cost (NRs) 1 Spoil management along and across the road for frequent traffic and pedestrian movement 75,000.00
2 Provision of first aid medicine and safety equipments (hand gloves, hard cover helmets 100,000.00 and boots etc) to workers and trench protection as per requirement 3 Compensatory plantation of 125 plants and maintenance it for 5 years. 200,000.00 4 Provision of cost for reconstruction of community infrastructure 125,000.00 Total: (NRs) 500,000.00
Contingencies @ 20% of sub-total (NRs) 100,000.00
Net Total Cost (NRs) 600,000.00
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Chapter V: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES WITH AND WITHOUT PROJECT SITUATIONS
197. The alternatives analysis of the project in terms of project location, technology, implementation procedure and raw materials used have been studied and analysed. The alternatives in environmental studies can also be analyzed and compared in term of "No Action" option with the proposed "Action Option". No action option defines the scenario of present situation, which means that one has to note of what is happening without any interventions.
5.1 ALTERNATE PROJECT DESIGN
198. The proposed project has been designed to provide reliable and adequate supply of water and sanitation services to the town of Baglung. The system has been designed to augment the present water supply system through from Dodiya Khola and Bhundi Khola intake. The existing source is not enough as it requires replacement of transmission line and need repair of some other works. Therefore, a new system needed to be designed with additional sources of water, increased distribution network, treatment plant and enhanced storage facilities. The additional system need to be integrated with existing system with rehabilitation distribution network. Therefore, the proposed project has been envisaged to steam line the various systems and develop a reliable and sustainable system for the residents of Baglung municipality. The present project is designed with due consideration of these aspects and thus the proposed design has no alternatives.
5.2 ALTERNATIVE PROJECT LOCATION
199. No significant environmental impact has been found with the present location of the project. The location of project components such intake, reservoir and treatment tank has been decided in consultation with local people and WUSC and the area managed is mostly government land. There is no dispute in the intake sites, pipeline alignment and structure locations. The sanitation condition surrounding the existing sources is satisfactory. The north side of the source is forest area, which increases the quality of aquifer of the source area. The source is situated far from the settlement and has less chances of contamination due to human and animal intrusion
5.3 TECHNOLOGY CHOICE AND CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES ALTERNATIVE
200. The technologies proposed in the project are reliable. The source of water, Dodiya khola and Bhundi khola are perennial stream that have enough surface water runoff. The yield of Dodiya khola at proposed intake site is about 50 lps and the maximum safe yield that can be drawn is 45 lps for the scheme. However, only 14.85 lps is proposed to be tapped to augment in the new system. Similarly, the yield of Bhundi Khola at proposed intake site is about 30 lps, and the maximum safe yield that can be drawn is 27 lps for the scheme. However, only 6.25 lps is proposed to be tapped to augment in the new existing water supply system. The existing stream source (i.e. Resha) is technically viable regarding elevation, stability and source discharge.
201. Most of the technology proposed for the project are simple and labour intensive with minimal use of heavy machinery. The construction materials to be used are local as far as possible, so that
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there is minimal impact associated with transport and storage of the raw materials. Local man power will be used as far as possible so that the local knowledge of the area is utilized and chances of conflicts are minimized. Hence, the proposed project has minimal impact against alternative technology and construction choice.
5.4 NO ACTION OPTION
202. Although there exists water supply system currently covering major parts of the project area, the quality of the water supplied is not adequate and the supply is erratic. The demand is growing and the local people are suffering from severe shortage of water supply. The local people in the project area are quite receptive of the project and will involved in the every phases of project.
203. If the project is not implemented; the people of the project area will still have to suffer the existing water supply and sanitation problems. They will have to continue using the water from the current system which is, insufficient, needs rehabilitation and has high risk of contamination, if treatment plant is not build.
204. The only advantage of "No Action" alternative is that the few adverse impacts as outlined be avoided and the entire project cost will be saved. However, because most of those impacts are not significantly harmful and are site specific or local, the advantage far outweighs the disadvantages.
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Chapter VI: INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION
205. The proposed project has been designed in a participatory approach. The local people and concerned stakeholders have been and will be involved in every phases of the project including project design, construction and operation and maintenance. During the detailed engineering design, total household survey was conducted in the service area. Various queries including household income, expenditure and saving pattern, affordability and willingness of the household to pay for improved water supply and sanitation services, knowledge on health and hygiene, attitude and practice of sanitation as well as health status were made. This information also provides an opportunity to understand their opinion regarding the project. Public participation has also been an integral part of the present IEE study as all the concerned institution and stakeholders have been consulted in various phases of the study.
6.1 PUBLIC NOTIFICATION
206. A public notice was published in the Samachar Patra, a National Daily newspaper on 2067-11-19 B.S. (3rd March, 2011) requesting comments and suggestions from all the interested parties. A copy of this public notice is included in Annex-IV. The notice was also posted in the school, health post, V.D.C. office and other local areas in the project area and the deed of public inquiry (Muchulka) was collected.
6.2 INDIVIDUAL/INSTITUTIONS CONTACTED
207. All the concerned authorities such as Municipality was contacted and their consensus regarding project implementation was obtained. Apart from the concerned authorities, other institutions such as community organizations and other local bodies were approached to and their suggestions and opinions were collected. A focus group discussion (FGD) (Annex-IV) was held at project area with key stakeholders and their concern regarding the project construction and implementation were listened and clarified.
208. The list of key people stakeholders contacted during public consultation are presented in the following Table 6.1.
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Table 6.1: List of key stakeholders contented SN Name Designation 1 Mr K.B. Ranamagar Chairman, WUSC 2 Mr Jagadish Chandra Upadhaya Secretary, WUSC 3 Ms Laxmi Baskota Treasurer, WUSC 4 Ms Sunita Shrestha Member, WUSC 5 Mr Padama Chandra Rajbhandari Member, WUSC 6 Ms Huma Khadga Member, WUSC 7 Ms Maya Khadga Member, WUSC 8 Mr Anil Shrestha Member, WUSC 9 Ms Bhawana Khadka Users, Ramrekha Baglung -1 10 Ms Chandra Thapa Users, Guthi, Baglung -3 11 Ms Laxmi Shakya Users, Rudre Pipal, Baglung -2 12 Ms Radhika Sapkota Users, Shivadhara, Baglung -4 13 Ms Sunita Gautam Users, Upallo Chaur, Baglung -11 14 Ms Sunita Shakya Users, Guthi, Baglung 15 Mr Dipak Gautam Users, Guthi, Baglung
The details of FGD are given in Annex-IV.
6.3 COMMENTS/SUGGESTIONS/ISSUES RAISED
209. No comments and suggestion were received from the institutional, organisation within the given time frame, where the notice was posted. Also, no written comments and suggestion were received from public within the given time frame notified through National Daily Newspaper.
210. The summary of the focus group discussion (FGD) were as follows: • Require quaintly of water for aquatic life need to be released to downstream from the intake. • Approximately 4 – 5 trees need to be cut down for the construction of treatment plant at existing Riththe Khola treatment plant. To compensate these tree plantations is to be done at surrounding area of treatment plant site to improve environment • During the construction of water supply work and excavation of pipe line trench, dust may deteriorate the existing environment for a short period, precaution need to be taken to
reduce such impacts by sprinkling water. • Proposed site for water sources are need to be protected by constructing compound wall
and awareness program need to be conducted for the improvement of environment. • The waste water comes from the individual household will be managed by each household by constructing soak pit to improved environment.
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Chapter VII: GRIEVANCE AND REDRESS MECHANISM
211. The projects also aim to facilitate a grievance and redress mechanism to address the environmental and social concern of the community who are affected by the project activities. The Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office (WSSDO) will be responsible to address the issues and problems raised by the local communities regarding the loss of assets, water and sanitation during the implementation of the project. WSSDO shall ask the Environment Specialist of the DSC to assist in the handling of grievances and the community level stakeholders will be encouraged to help in the handling of grievances at the project sites.
212. The affected person / community will submit written grievances / complaints to the WSSDO located at Baglung Municipality. The WSSDO with the help from Environmental Specialist of the DSC will try to solve the grievance at the project level. WSSDO will respond the affected person/ institution within a week and clarify their concern. If the grievance cannot be solved at the project level, WSSDO will forward it to Project Director at SSTWSSSP, Kathmandu. The SSTWSSSP office at Kathmandu will clarify the grievance and inform WSSDO within 15 days. If the grievance cannot be resolved even by the SSTWSSSP, it will be finally forwarded to the Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Kathmandu who will give the final verdict within 21 days. The following Fig. 7.1 show the Grievance Redress Mechanism process.
Fig. 7.1: Grievance Redress Mechanism
DWSS (within 21 days)
SSTWSSSP (within 15 days)
Redress WSSDO Environmental Specialist
(within 7days)
Grievance
Affected Person
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Chapter VIII: MATTERS TO BE MONITORED WHILE IMPLEMENTING THE PROJECT
8.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
213. The SSTWSSSP will set out environmental management requirements to develop procedures that ensure all mitigation measures and monitoring requirements specified in this Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report. The EMP will actually be carried out in subsequent stages of project development, operation and post operation phase of the proposed project.
8.1.1 Objectives of the EMP
214. The basic objectives of the EMP are to: • Formulate environmental management requirements to ensure that all mitigation measures and monitoring requirements specified in the approved IEE report will actually be carried out in different stages of project development and operation; • Define environmental management principles and guidelines for the pre-construction, construction, operation and post operation phases of project development; • Recommend a plan of action and a means of testing this plan to meet existing and projected environmental problems; • Establish the roles and responsibilities of all parties involved in project environmental management; • Describe mitigation measures that shall be implemented to avoid or mitigate adverse environmental impacts by maximizing the positive ones; • Establish a supervision, monitoring, auditing and reporting framework; • Ensure implementation of recommended corrective actions aimed for environmental management and its enhancement; and • Ensure that the environment of the project area and its surrounding areas is protected and developed to meet the needs of the local people, the stakeholders and safeguard the interest of common people.
8.2 MOTIGATION AND MONITORING
215. Environmental monitoring is required to identify the changes in the environmental quality over the time. It is also an integral part of the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. Environmental monitoring generates real data and improves the quality of implementation of mitigation measures.
8.2.1 Monitoring Indicators
216. The project also includes performance indicators for:
Water Quantity
• Availability of at least 65 LPCD of drinking water during the summer months;
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• Trend in falling ground water table arrested/reversed
Water quality
• Residual chlorine test at the service reservoir and public taps • Number of toilets using 'safe' sanitation technologies • Decline in the number of cases of parasites • Number of awareness programs organized, attendees and simple pre- and post evaluation to assess the efficiency of training
Lack of sanitation and environmental health
• Percentage/number of households with access to safe sanitation and environmental hygiene facilities • Cases of diarrhea in children under five years of age
8.2.2 Types of Monitoring
217. Monitoring is continuous measurement of proposed actions to examine what changes have taken places, what has gone wrong and provide basis to improve them. The IEE/EIA guideline outlines three types of monitoring:
a) Baseline Monitoring: In this monitoring, pre-project information is compared with the information obtained during the project implementation. Any changes that have occurred during the period of time will be recorded. However, most of the major baseline information of this project has already been collected and there are very few chances will change till implementation phase. Therefore, baseline monitoring will not be conducted unless any striking new scenarios in terms of physical and socio-economic conditions emerge. b) Impact Monitoring: It is carried out to examine the occurrence of impacts identified and predicted impacts. It is necessary to know the actual level of impact in the field during the construction and operation of the project as the environmental impacts are predicted based on value judgment with some valid assumptions. c) Compliance Monitoring: It is carried out to examine whether the compliance of the condition prescribed in laws and regulations have been followed in implementation of the project. It is essential to encourage and promote the proponent to comply with the requirements as listed in the mitigation measures and any condition set forth during the project approval.
8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
8.3.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan 218. The environmental mitigation measures proposed shall be implemented in different phases of the project implementation (design, pre-construction, construction, operation; post-operation phases).
219. Mitigation measures and monitoring indicators during both construction and operation stage of water supply projects are listed below and shown in Table 8.1.
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Table 8.1: Types of impacts, monitoring parameters, mitigation measures, responsibilities and cost
Parameters to be Types of Impact Mitigation Measures Location Frequency Responsibilities Cost monitored Pre construction Phase 1. Encroachment of forest • Legal permits and • Letters of permits At respective One time DWSS/SSTWSS Already included in cost areas authorization from and authorization office SP/PMO concerned agency and • Meeting, 2. Conflict due to project DFO to be obtained workshop and location • Consultation and discussions involvement of local communities 3. Risk of pollution of raw • Adequate protection • Technical design At respective One time DWSS/SSTWSS Already included in cost water supply measures of the sump and specification office SP/PMO 4. Risk of pollution of water well, storage tank and distributed distribution pipe to be designed Construction Phase
Physical Environment 1.Risk of pollution of river • Regular water quality • Water quality At Twice a Contractor/WSS Included in contractors water due to the construction monitoring of water in the monitoring construction week DO/DSC bidding documents works in Intake (Earthwork distribution system • Disposal of soil site and other masonry work) • Reuse of excavated soil properly properly • Condition of the pipe lines
2. Soil erosion and soil • Excavated soil placed • Stacking of soil At Twice a Contractor/WSS Included in contractors stability. safely against erosion construction week DO/DSC bidding documents site • Reuse of excavated soil • Condition of the properly during backfilling pipe lines the pipe line trench with well compacted
3. Air quality (Dusty • Frequent sprinkling of • Dust in Air Wherever Every day Contractor/WSS No separate cost required. Environment) water • TSP, SPM (air earthwork is DO/DSC covered by the • Air pollution due to quality), PM10 in progress specification provided to
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Parameters to be Types of Impact Mitigation Measures Location Frequency Responsibilities Cost monitored movement of project • Monitoring of air quality ( the contractor vehicle • Air pollution due to dust particle • Use of mask, etc. • Air pollution due to operation of pumps and diesel generator 4. Noise and Vibration due • Provision of restriction on • Control use of All Every day Contractor/WSS No separate cost required. to: blowing of pressure horn blowing pressure construction DO/DSC The item is covered by the • The project vehicular haphazardly for the horn site specification of the works movement vehicle involve in provided to the contractor. • Noise pollution due to construction works operation of diesel • Regularly maintenance of • Periodic generator equipment maintenance • Mufflers fittings to noisy record equipment • Speed restriction • Controlling speed
Biological Environment 5.Disturbance and loss of • Compensatory plantation • Number of trees • Reservoir • Four WSSDO/ WUSC Included in the Mitigation forest (approximately 5 trees at the rate of 25 saplings planted site times a cost, Table 4.6 to be cut) and vegetation for each felled tree (125 year plants to be panted and • Afforested area • Treatment reared ) site • Weekly • Only marked trees to be • Cleared area cleared • Camp site • Vegetation clearance to • Smoke, coal be minimized as far as possible • Restricting use of fuel wood in the labour camp 6. Impact on flora, fauna and • Environmental awareness • Flora and fauna Construction Bi-annually WSSDO/ WUSC Nil habitat due to project sitting program distribution site and related activities • Night time operation of • Use of As needed machinery to be avoided machineries • Hunting/poaching • Activities of activities of laborers to be laborers
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Parameters to be Types of Impact Mitigation Measures Location Frequency Responsibilities Cost monitored prohibited
7. Impact to aquatic life • Construction work to be • River water • Lab Monthly WUSC/ DWSS Included in cost estimate avoided in rainy season quality tests • Quality of river water to • Fishing activities • River side be regularly monitored • Ban on fishing activities
Socio-economic Environment 8. Impairment to • Proper precaution to be • Condition of the Along the Daily Contractor/ Included in contractors infrastructure (Construction taken at the time of infrastructures pipe line route WSSDO/DSC bidding document activities may impair some of construction the existing community • Any damaged to the infrastructure such as road, existing infrastructure will foot trail etc.) repaired
9.law and order issues and • Instruction to all workers • Behaviour of the • Constructio Weekly Contractor/WSS Nil disturbances on social to act in a responsible workers n site DO//WUSC structure and cultural practice manner • Impact on employment • Prohibition of use of • Use of alcohol, • Workers • Migration alcohol and gambling gambling camp • Local economy • Cultural awareness of • Cultural value local communities to • Percentage of • Pollution from outside outside workforce locals employed workforce • Priority to be given for employment of local labor • Workers to be strictly supervised • Proper sanitation facility will be provided in the labour camp (sanitation toilet and safe drinking water) Collection of solid waste in fixed place.
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Parameters to be Types of Impact Mitigation Measures Location Frequency Responsibilities Cost monitored 10.Occupational Health and • Instruction to adopt safety Use of safety gears Construction Weekly Contractor/WSS Included in the cost Safety (Impact on health measures site DO//WUSC estimate depending upon working • Adequate safety condition) equipments like hand • Occupational health and gloves, hard cover safety (OHS) helmets and boots will be • Socio-Economic values provided • Aesthetic values • First aid at hand in the working area
11. Community Health and • Proper sanitation and • Sanitation Construction Weekly WSSDO,WUSC, Included in cost estimate Safety hygiene to be maintained • Area of garbage site, Camp Contractor • Quality of drinking water disposal sire, Lab • Spread of water borne to be monitored • Drinking water diseases • Treatment of quality tests • Deterioration in sanitary communicable diseases • Treatments condition and regular health checkups to be done • Periodic cleaning
12. Traffic management • Prior notification of • Notice boards Construction As needed Contractor/ Included in the project • Traffic congestions and construction activities • Use of diversion site WUSC cost disturbance to • Diversion signboards to sign boards pedestrians be provided • Disruption of the local access
OPERATIONAL PHASE 1. Risk of pollution of surface • Plantation in the Intake • water quality • At intake Monthly WUSC Included in cost estimate water source due to the area monitoring site surface runoff • Construction of drainage around the surface water source to divert surface runoff • Construction of fencing
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Parameters to be Types of Impact Mitigation Measures Location Frequency Responsibilities Cost monitored work around the Surface water source
2. Risk of contaminated water • Regular water quality • Water quality • At users Monthly WUSC/DWSS Included in cost estimate in the distribution system monitoring of water in the parameter for household distribution system drinking water is • At to be tested community • Training to the staff on monthly tap water quality assessment Regularly • Pipe line inspection will be route done to detect any leakage from pipe line 3. Health hazard due to • Proper handling and • Use of safety • Constructio Weekly WUSC Included in cost estimate unmanaged use of chlorine storage of chlorine to be measures n site set up • Guidelines for using • Health of workers chlorine to be provided
4. Risk of pollution of river • Quality of effluent and • Test of river • At Monthly WUSC Included in cost estimate water (nearby streams) by river quality to be quality treatment effluents from water treatment regularly monitored plant site plant • Discharge outlets
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8.3.2 Mechanism for Monitoring
220. The EIA/IEE Report Review Committee under MPPW have the overall responsibility and will monitor all activities from planning to construction and operational phases of the project, mainly for impact and compliance monitoring. The environmental monitoring and management plan will be so designed that the contractor is monitored during the construction phase to see that the work is done according to the contract document in which mitigation measures are specified. The EMP will also require regular monitoring of the actual environmental impacts during project operation over the years following project completion.
221. The SSTWSSSP/PMC under DWSS has a Project Management Office in Kathmandu. For base line monitoring, a committee should be formed at local level consisting of representatives from DWSO, VDC, civil societies and local user community. District Engineer of DWSO should act as member secretary of the Monitoring Committee. This committee should be assigned following duties and responsibilities.
• The committee should meet at least twice a month; • The committee should collect all complaints from the local people concerning distribution, pipeline etc and should discuss in the meeting for the final decisions. • The monitoring committee should identify the mistakes and deficiency regarding the project and should discuss in the meeting for the purpose of correction; • Any negligence regarding the water quality should be considered and take necessary action. • The committee should also supervise and issue necessary instruction.
Examine monitoring reports periodically and take necessary actions if required etc
8.3.3 Monitoring Cost
222. Most of the monitoring cost for the proposed project is related to the expenses for experts for observation and monitoring during construction and operation phases of the project. The following monitoring costs are to be incurred by the project.
223. The cost required for the environmental monitoring has been provided in Table 8.2.
Table 8.2: Environmental monitoring cost SN Particulars Estimated Amount Remarks 1 Skill development training for periodic 100,000.00 maintenance and laboratory testing 2 Monitoring Cost (expenses for expert 400,000.00 For 2 years for observation and monitoring during construction and operation phases) 3 Public awareness program 100,000.00 4 Miscellaneous 100,000.00 Sub-total 700,000.00 Contingency @ 20% 140,000.00 Total 840,000.00
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8.3.4 Modality of Operation
• Determination of potential impacts of the proposed project. • Analysis of alternatives of proposed project sites. • Development of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to mitigate adverse impacts and enhancement of beneficial impacts. • Identification of institutional needs to implement IEE recommended mitigation/ enhancement measures. • Development of monitoring plan. • Auditing plan. • Inter-agency coordination and public /NGO participation
8.3.5 Environmental Procedures and Institutions
224. The main institutions to be involved for environmental management of the proposed area and their role and responsibilities are briefly presented in Table 8.3 below.
Table 8.3: Environmental management roles and responsibilities of different parties SN Organization Roles and Responsibilities Time Schedule I MOPPW Monitoring of the project design, At least once in a year construction, and operation and post during construction and operation activities against approved IEE operation and once in two and EMAP measures and National years in post operation Environmental Standards. phase.
Auditing of project general performance Every two years in operation during operation and post operation phase. and post operation phase 2 DWSS Monitoring of project design, construction At least three times a year and operation activities against approved during construction and IEE and EMAP measures and National operation and once in a year Environmental Standards. during post operation phase.
3 PMO, SSTWSSSP Ensure that the IEE and EMAP measures Prior to contract award are incorporated in the final project design.
Acquire necessary permits and approval for Before construction project construction and operation
Ensure that the project construction, During construction, operation and post operation activities are operation and post operation in accordance with EMAP and other GoN phase legislative requirements.
During construction, Monitoring and record keeping regarding operation and post operation environmental measures and impacts, phase.
During construction, Ensure public participation and involvement operation and post operation in all phases on project implementation and phase. post operation of the project.
During construction and Ensure implementation of environmental operation phase. enhancement programs with involvement of local bodies and communities
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SN Organization Roles and Responsibilities Time Schedule 4 Relevant VDC Follow and ensure day-to-day activities of Daily during operation the project operation that best fits to meet phase. environmental standards. Ensure air quality, noise and vibration level Once in from month during within acceptable standards. operation phase. 5 Consultant Incorporate environmental mitigation During final design measures as per IEE in the final design.
6 Construction Supervision and compliance monitoring of Daily & Operation construction contractor’s activities and Phase project operation activities with regard to Supervision environmental mitigation measures as per IEE report and EMAP. Environmental audits of construction Once in a year contractors and operator’s activities and audit reports. Ensure public participation and involvement During construction and in project construction. operation phase.
7 Construction Implement mitigation measures as Daily during construction Contractor specified. phase
Monitoring and record keeping of Regularly during environmental mitigation measures construction phase. implemented. 8 Operator Implement mitigation measures as Daily during operation phase specified. Monitoring and record keeping of environmental mitigation measures Daily during operation adopted during project operation. phase. 9 Other Stakeholders Monitor that the environmental mitigation Project period. (VDC, DDC) measures and enhancement measures are implemented in all stages of the project. Ensure that the public participation and Project period. involvement in the project implementation and operation phase is maximized by the project proponent
8.3.6 Potential Environmental Enhancement Measures
225. It is expected that the proposed water supply & sanitation project will have very small impacts on environment for a short period which can be easily mitigated through adequate mitigation measures. There shall be significant improvement in personal, household and community hygiene practices and environmental condition and enhance the quality of life and community health
226. The proposed water and sanitation project aims to providing water supply and sanitation facilities to the community of Baglung. The degraded site will be restored by plantation and protection of sites. Hence, the project is expected to bring a significant improvement condition and enhance the quality of life
227. In parallel to the suggested mitigation measure, it is important to encourage opportunities to enhance the project and its elements so as to have minimal environmental disturbance. The proposed project has both positive and negative impacts and the present stage gives an
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opportunity to enhance these positive features through innovative measures. Some of such potential environmental measures include: • Ensuring resource mobilization and participation of the local community • Promoting coordination of the related stakeholders and institutions • Providing training and awareness program in health and sanitation issues; water cost and usage; environmental pollution and waste management • The local youth clubs and NGO within the municipality will be mobilized to monitor the environment in areas affected by project activity and report back the problems to PMO.
8.3.7 Documentation and Reporting
228. For an effective implementation of mitigation measures and Environmental Management Plan, it is necessary to have a mechanism in place to report the entire mitigation operation plus the reports on progress and status of each mitigation conducted.
229. The contractor has a crucial role in ensuring that the mitigation measures are implemented during project construction phase. The contractor should develop an Environmental Mitigation Execution Plan (EMEP) based on EMP. The contractor has to report weekly about the progress of its work together with day-to-day practical aspect of project implementation to the DSC. It is suggested that a team comprising of WUSC member and contract workers be established at the onset of the project to make periodic reporting to the DSC.
230. The DSC then has the responsibility of ensuring that all the procedures and final design that includes the mitigation measures are followed. DSC has the responsibility to check the weekly progress report of the contractor and field verify whether the implementation of mitigation measures have been conducted as decided in the EMEP or not.
231. Six copies draft IEE report will be prepared and sent to the proponent (SSTWSSSP) for review, and after receiving and incorporating its comments, the report will be sent again SSTWSSSP. SSTWSSSP shall send the report to ADB and MoPPW for their review. The six copies final report will be prepared and submitted to SSTWSSSP and also made available to any concerned individual or institution through website. The report also consists of summary in both English and Nepali language so that all kind of general people can understand the project. The summary and approved report will be available SSTWSSSP, WSSDO or in ADB’s website.
232. As a part of EMP, reports should be produced and submitted at regular time intervals depending upon type and size of project during construction and post construction period respectively. Since, the construction period is two years, four copies each monthly report and trimester reports will be prepared and submitted to the SSTWSSSP/PMC office, Kathmandu. After completion of the project, the Project Completion Report (PCR) four copies will be prepared and submitted. Each report will include physical progress of construction works, environmental monitoring activities etc.
233. The Contractor will be needed to get the implementing agency’s approval for the worker’s arrangements and agreement for environmental protection, health and safety, waste management and other environment related actions identified during the IEE Study and these must be written into the Contract Document.
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234. WSSDO will inform the SSTWSSSP/PMC office in case of non-compliance and of any other environmental issues that require immediate attention. The contract will detail the remedies for non compliance by the Contractor.
235. The monthly reports will be based on recurrent site inspections and will report on the effectiveness of the mitigation measures; the Contractor's compliance with the environmental specifications; measures recommended in the events of non-compliance and recommendations for any other remedial actions, etc.
236. This Environmental Management Plan (EMP) makes also provision for a set of monitoring activities that are designed to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed management. The monitoring activities also will help to improve/maintain an environmentally and socially sound and acceptable level once the water supply project has been completed and becomes fully operational.
8.3.7.1 Implementation of EMP
237. The SSTWSSSP (Proponent) will be responsible for the implementation of mitigation measures as given under EMAP during design, construction and post construction stage proposed in Chapter VIII. Various agencies including concerned governmental line agencies will support implementing agency for the implementation of mitigation measures. The detail action plan for activities to be carried out to augment beneficial impacts and control/mitigate adverse impact produced from the implementation of Proposal and responsible implementing and supporting agencies are provided in Chapter VIII (Table 8.1).
8.3.8 Procurement Plan and Cost Estimates
8.3.8.1 Cost for the recommended mitigation measures and monitoring activities
238. The cost for the recommended mitigation measures and monitoring activities are described the Table 4.6 and table 8.2. Cost of mitigation measures directly linked to the construction activities (such as erosion control measures) are not included in the cost estimates as most of these are already included in the construction and operation and maintenance cost of the project.
239. The summary of cost for the environmental mitigation measures and cost for environmental monitoring of the proposed project are given in the Table 8.4
Table 8.4: Cost for EMP SN Item Cost 1. Cost for Environment Mitigation Measures (Table 4.6) 600,000.00 2 Cost for Enhancement Measures Nil 3. Cost for other Social Support Programs and Corporate Social Nil Responsibility (CRS) 4 Cost for Environmental Monitoring (Table 8.2) 840,000.00 Total Environmental Cost 1,440,000.00 Total Project Cost 276,550,875.59 Percentage of Total Environmental Cost to the Total Project Cost 0.52
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8.3.8.2 Project Cost
240. The rate analysis of the Baglung Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project has been calculated using district rate of fiscal year 2067-2068 BS. Some items having no GoN norms, practical experience has been used. 15% contractors' overhead and profit has been included in rate analysis for all items of works used in the project design. The rates of materials not provided in the district rate are taken from the prevalent market price. The rates of pipes and fittings are taken from Baglung District, as far as possible. The quantity estimate of the structures and pipes has been calculated. Based upon the calculated rate obtained from rate analysis and estimated quantities, the cost of each component has been calculated in detail. The cost of each component has been added to obtain total cost of water supply system. The project cost includes 5% contingencies for price adjustment, 10% physical contingencies and 13% VAT. The detailed cost estimate of Baglung Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project is presented in Volume III of detailed engineering design report.
8.3.8.3 Capital Cost of Water Supply System
241. The total project cost for the development of new water supply system at Baglung Town Water Supply and Sanitation is Nrs. 276,550,875.59 The cost includes contractors' overhead and profit, two types of contingencies and VAT. The summary of cost of each component has been given in Table 8.5.
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Table 8.5: Cost of water supply component - component: summary of structure wise cost
Unit Rate Total Cost SN Description Qty Unit (Nrs.) (Nrs.) 1 Water Supply Component
A General Items 1 Job 6,896,416.20 6,896,416.20 Rehabilitation works in existing Resha B system 1 Resha khola intake rehabilitation works 1 No. 169,310.85 169,310.85
Earth Work In Excavation and Back Filling for 2 1 No. 456,890.79 456,890.79 Resha khola Transmission rehabilitation works Washout and Air Valve chamber (size: 0.90m x 3 3 No. 27,870.45 83,611.35 0.90m x 1.0m)
4 Suspended cable crossing 80m span 1 No. 240,312.10 240,312.10
5 Ratmata reservoir rehabilitation works 1 Job 890,238.76 890,238.76
6 Sundanda reservoir rehabilitation works 1 Job 3095350.74 3,095,350.74
7 Pipe anchorage block 35 No. 2,406.46 84,226.10
Slow sand filter for Resha system : 8 3 Unit 3,629,095.37 10,887,286.11 (15.75mx6.3mx2.6m): 3 – Unit Baffled Channel Flocculator tank at Sundanda:2 9 1 Job 423,074.76 423,074.76 unit (4.7mx1.55m)
Sub Total B 16,330,301.56
C New Water Supply System 1 Dodiya khola intake 1 No. 995,275.11 995,275.11 2 Bhundi khola intake 1 No. 713,794.08 713,794.08 Collection chamber at Dodiya and Bhundi khola 3 2 No. 190,139.02 380,278.04 intake 4 GI pipe crossing ( Upto12.0m length ) 6 No. 8,250.03 49,500.18 5 80m span suspended cable crossing 1 No. 240,312.10 240,312.10 6 Pipe anchorage block 150 No. 2,406.46 360,969.00 7 Retaining Wall at Ratmata 1 No. 5,405,444.02 5,405,444.02 Sedimentation tank at Ratmata:2 unit 8 1 Set 4,056,852.21 4,056,852.21 (13.8mx4.6mx3.00m) Roughening filter at Ratmata:4 unit(4.90m x 9 1 Set 4,210,880.46 4,210,880.46 2.35m x 2.40m) Slow sand filter at Ratmata:2 nos. of single 10 2 Set 3,850,718.37 7,701,436.74 unit(17.8m x 7.2m x 2.60m) Slow sand filter at Ratmata:1 no. of double 11 1 Set 8,102,068.27 8,102,068.27 unit(17.8m x 7.2m x 2.60m) Baffled Channel Flocculator tank at Sundanda:2 12 1 No. 505,540.36 505,540.36 unit (5.4mx1.8m) 13 Boundary wall for new treatment plant(150 m) 1 Job 703,386.66 703,386.66 Washout valve chamber : (size 0.90m x 0.90m x 14 12 No. 27,870.45 334,445.40 1.0m) Control valve chamber (size: 0.90m x 0.90m x 15 15 No. 27,870.45 418,056.75 1.00m) 16 Pipe Valve Box(104 Nos.) 1 Job 545,236.25 545,236.25 17 Laboratory building at Ratmata treatment plant 1 No. 2,278,530.93 2,278,530.93
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site
Transmission pipe line excavation and 18 backfilling from Dodiya khola intake and Bhundi 1 Job 3,035,871.57 3,035,871.57 khola intake to Ratmata treatment plant to Rvt - 2 and Rvt-1 Distribution pipe line and HH connection 19 1 Job 16,427,892.39 16,427,892.39 excavation and backfilling Track Opening at Transmission Main for Pipe 20 1 Job 812,321.57 812,321.57 Transportation and Laying 2500m Dismantling and reinstatement of road pitch and 21 Dismantling of Masonry(B/W or Stone Work) 1 Job 3,521,856.75 3,521,856.75 and R.C.C works Environmental monitoring and mitigation 22 1 Job 500,000.00 500,000.00 measures Sub Total C 61,299,948.84 D Pipes, Pipe Fittings , Electrical Works Pipe Laying and joining for Transmission line 1 1 Job 7,091,600.00 7,091,600.00 rehabilitation works at Resha system(2000 m) Transmission pipe Laying and joining from Dodiya khola intake and Bhundi intake to 2 1 Job 62,701,358.30 62,701,358.30 Ratmata treatment plant to existing RVT 2 and RVT 1(16835m) Distribution pipe from various service reservoir 3 (Rvt 1 & Rvt2), except existing pipes 1 Job 26,580,555.75 26,580,555.75 used(49510m) Transmission pipe fittings from Resha khola(Rehabilitation) and Fittings Requirement 4 1 Job 1,512,959.29 1,512,959.29 for Existing system (Slow Sand Filter) at Sundanda: 1No ( 3 unit ).
Transmission pipe fittings from Dodiya khola 5 intake and Bhundi intake to Ratmata treatment 1 Job 8,036,376.54 8,036,376.54 plant to Rvt 1 & 2 including treatment plants Distribution pipe fittings from various service 6 reservoir (Rvt 1 & Rvt 2), except existing pipes 1 Job 3,355,047.28 3,355,047.28 used Fittings for Household 12 m connection (2706 7 1 Job 15,851,191.08 15,851,191.08 Nos) Sub Total D 125,129,088.24 Tools & Equipments and Water Lab E 1 Job 509,424.00 509,424.00 Instruments Operation and Maintenance Cost for base F 1 Job 2,648,115.19 2,648,115.19 year Sub total from A,B, C,D, E and F ---- ( i ) 212,813,294.03 Physical contingencies 10% of i ---( ii = i x 0.1) 21,281,329.40 Price contingencies 5% of i ---( iii = i x 0.05) 10,640,664.70 Sub total including contingencies ----(iv 244,735,288.14 =i+ii+iii) VAT 13% of iv ----- (v=iv*0.13) 31,815,587.46
Total W/S cost including contingencies and 276,550,875.59 VAT ---( vi = iv +v)
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Chapter IX: CONCLUSION
242. On reviewing the existing environmental conditions and the characteristics of the proposed project, it can be concluded that the proposed Baglung Water Supply and Sanitation Project has minimal impacts on the socio-economic, physical and biological aspects of the project area and the impacts can be easily mitigated through adequate mitigation measures. The proposed water supply and sanitation project aims at providing adequate and safe drinking water to the community of Baglung Municipality. If the project is properly implemented and environmental issues considered, there will be a significant improvement in the health of the people, household and community hygiene practice and environmental sanitation thereby increasing the quality of life and community health
243. There are no major objections from the local community except that the manpower (labours) should be employed locally and local resources should be used as far as practicable. Proposed mitigation measures should be implemented wherever applicable in the course of construction and operation of the proposed project.
244. From the study, it can be seen that no adverse or harmful impacts of any significance are expected, so a full scale EIA is not required. The project falls under category B of ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (SPS 2009) for which only IEE is required.
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REFERENCES
1. Detailed Project Report of Baglung Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project, 2011, Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Second Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project, Kathmandu, Nepal
2. ‘’District Profile of Nepal 2007/08’’, Incentive Study & Research Centre
3. ‘’Environment Protection Act, 2054 and Environment Protection Regulation 2054’’ with amended, Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, Singhdurbar, Kathmandu
4. ‘’Terms of References’’ Baglung Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project, 2011, Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Second Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Annex I: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist and Social Survey Questionnaire
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Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist ______
Instructions:
(i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES) for endorsement by the Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer. (ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.
(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.
Baglung Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project Country/Project Title:
Sector Division: SSTWSSSP, DWSS
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS A.PROJECT SITING
IS THE PROJECT AREA…
DENSELY POPULATED? Densely populated only in core bazaar area and scattered households in other area. HEAVY WITH DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES? No any heavy development activities within the project area. Only small scale development activities are exists. ADJACENT TO OR WITHIN ANY
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS?
• CULTURAL HERITAGE SITE No any cultural heritage site within or adjacent and nearby the project area.
• PROTECTED AREA No any protected area within or adjacent and nearby the project area.
• WETLAND No wetland area within or adjacent and nearby the project area.
• MANGROVE No mangrove area within or adjacent and nearby the project area. • ESTUARINE No Estuarine area within or adjacent and nearby the project area
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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS
• BUFFER ZONE OF PROTECTED AREA No buffer zone of protected area within or adjacent and nearby the project area. • SPECIAL AREA FOR PROTECTING No special area for protecting biodiversity within or BIODIVERSITY adjacent and nearby the project area.
• BAY No any bay within or adjacent and nearby the project area. B.POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Will the Project cause… pollution of raw water supply from upstream wastewater discharge from communities, industries, Almost all the household in the project area have their agriculture, and soil erosion runoff? own latrine with septic tank and the outlets from the
septic tank are not connected to the drain. There are no big industries within the project area. So waste water from households will not pollute raw water supply. impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas and loss/damage to these sites? No any historical/cultural monuments area within the
project area. No any chances of loss/damage to those sites. hazard of land subsidence caused by excessive ground water pumping? The proposed water sources are stream, no need of ground water pumping. social conflicts arising from displacement of communities ? No displacement of the communities, hence no social conflicts exists. conflicts in abstraction of raw water for water supply with other beneficial water uses for surface and ground Tapped water quantity is very less in comparison to the waters? total yield of the sources.
unsatisfactory raw water supply (e.g. excessive pathogens or mineral constituents)? Water quality test shows that quality of water is suitable for water supply after some treatment. delivery of unsafe water to distribution system? Water will be supplied after complete treatment only.
inadequate protection of intake works or wells, leading to pollution of water supply? Enough protection works will be carried out in intake.
over pumping of ground water, leading to salinization and ground subsidence? The proposed water sources are stream, no need of ground water pumping. excessive algal growth in storage reservoir? Water will be stored in reservoir after treatment process.
There will be no excessive growth of algae. Also reservoir will be cleaned periodically.
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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS increase in production of sewage beyond capabilities of community facilities? Almost all the household in the project area have their own latrine with septic tank and the outlets from the septic tank are not connected to the drain. inadequate disposal of sludge from water treatment plants? Treatment plants will not produce big quantity of sludge. However the sludge will be disposed at the natural drain. inadequate buffer zone around pumping and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other possible nuisances Treatment plant will not make noise and other possible and protect facilities? nuisances. impairments associated with transmission lines and access roads? Most of the pipe line route follows the foot track hence no
any impairments associate with transmission lines and access roads. health hazards arising from inadequate design of facilities for receiving, storing, and handling of No any hazardous chemicals will be used. Only chlorine chlorine and other hazardous chemicals. will be used for disinfection of water, will not cause
health hazards. health and safety hazards to workers from handling and management of chlorine used for disinfection, other Chlorine will be used for disinfection at the time of contaminants, and biological and physical hazards operation of the projects. Trained manpower will be during project construction and operation? deployed for this purposes, hence will not cause any
health and safety hazard to the workers. dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people? This type of problem will not rise.
disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable Project will be benefited for all types of society. Besides groups? this poor, women and indigenous people or other vulnerable groups will get opportunities to work in the project construction work and earn money. noise and dust from construction activities? At the time of construction there will be noise and dust
from construction activities in some extent but will not cause serious problems increased road traffic due to interference of construction activities? At the time of construction there will increased road traffic from construction activities in some extent but will not interference for any traffic movement and also will not cause serious problems. continuing soil erosion/silt runoff from construction operations? There is no big amount of earthwork in one place, hence
no cause of continuing soil erosion/silt runoff from construction operations.
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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS delivery of unsafe water due to poor O&M treatment processes (especially mud accumulations in filters) and Trained man power will be deployed from the users inadequate chlorination due to lack of adequate committee for the operation and maintenance of the monitoring of chlorine residuals in distribution systems? project. Beside this one well equipped water lab will be established at the treatment plant site. Hence this type of problem will not arise. delivery of water to distribution system, which is corrosive due to inadequate attention to feeding of Trained man power will be deployed from the users corrective chemicals? committee for the operation and maintenance of the
project. Beside this one well equipped water lab will be established at the treatment plant site. Hence this type of problem will not arise. accidental leakage of chlorine gas? No uses of chlorine gas, hence no possibilities of its leakage. excessive abstraction of water affecting downstream water users? Only small quantity of water will be tapped from the sources in comparison to yield of the source. competing uses of water? Only small quantity of water will be tapped from the
sources in comparison to yield of the source, hence no competing uses of water. increased sewage flow due to increased water supply Sewage flow will be increased of due to increase of water supply but not cause any problems. increased volume of sullage (wastewater from cooking and washing) and sludge from wastewater treatment Volume of sullage and sludge will be increased in small plant quantity but not cause any serious problems.
large population influx during project construction and operation that causes increased burden on social It is expected that the population will be increased as per infrastructure and services (such as water supply and anticipated population growth rate, no large population sanitation systems)? influx will occur during project construction hence no
increased burden on social infrastructure and services will occur social conflicts if workers from other regions or countries are hired? Most of workers will be hired from local level, only skill manpower will be hired from outside, hence no social conflicts. risks to community health and safety due to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials There will be no use of explosive and other dangerous such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during chemicals during operation and construction, hence no operation and construction? any risk to community health and safety.
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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS community safety risks due to both accidental and natural hazards, especially where the structural Proper safety precaution will be adopted during the elements or components of the project are accessible to construction period to minimized safety risk due to the members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community accidental and natural hazards. throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
Annex II: Project Location Map
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
Annex II-aProject Location Map
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
i
d ***** Site foa r Labor Camp N
i
k
a
d
n
a
G
i l
a
K
RATMATA EXISTING RVT#2 Site for Spoil Disposal *** TREATMENT PLANT
D MAIN odiya SMISSION Khola TRAN
**** Site for Collection of Local EXISTING SUNDANDA Materials (Sand, Aggregate) Indirect Impact Area (Baglung RVT la Municipality ward no. - 6, 7, 8, ho K di 9 & 10) un h a act Area) - B l ** Lowest Altitute - Bange Chaur Project Area (Direct Imp o
h a
K l (Baglung Municipality ward no. - 1,
* Highe st Altitute - Bhundi (1179) o (935.70)
a h s K 2, 3, 4, 5 & 11)
e
R e
h e - Bhundi (1179)
t * Highest Altitut i
R ** Lowest Altitute - Bange Chaur (935.70) *** **** Site for Collection of Local Materials (Sand, Aggregate) ***** Site for Labor Camp COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
Annex III: Longitudinal Section Sedimentation Tank, Slow Sand Filter
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
Longitudinal Section Sedimentation Tank, Slow Sand Filter
(1087.192) (1086.463)
WATER LEVEL FB (1087.922) (1086.74) WATER WATER (1080.843) GL G . L . (1084.928)
WL WATER LEVEL WL
(1081.393)GL SEDIMENTATION TANK ROUGHENING FILTER GL (1080.628) SLOW SAND FILTER
LONGITUDINAL SECTION
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
Annex IV: Public Notice, Muchulka, Recommendation Letter and Focus Group Discussion
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
Public Notice
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
Sample of Notice published in project area bf]>f] ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cfof]hgf Jffun'ë gu/kflnsf, Jffun'ë
k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0fsf] nflu /fo ;'emfj k]z ug]{ ;+DaGwdf
;fj{hlgs ;"rgf
k|sflZft ldtL - @)^*.)@.)@)^*.)@.)@)^*.)@.)^@)^*.)@.)^^^
Pl;ofnL lasf; a}+ssf] cfly{s ;xof]udf Jffun'ë lhNnf l:yt Jffun'ë gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !, @, #, $, %, / !! df lgdf{0f x'g uO{/x]sf] Jffun'ë ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ gu/ cfof]hgfsfcfof]hgfsf] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f (Initial Environmental Examination) sf] k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{ kg]{ ePsfn] ;f] cfof]hgfaf6 ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs, cfly{s Pj+ ;Ff:s[lts k|0ffnLx?df s] s:tf c;/x? kb{5g ;f] jf/] lnlvt /fo ;'emfj ;lxt !%-kw|_ lbgleq cfO{k'Ug] u/L lgDg 7]ufgfdf k7fO{lbg'x'g jftfj/0f :+f/If0f lgodfjnL @)%% sf] lgod & -@_ cg';f/ of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} lnlvt /fo ;'emfjsf] k|ltlnkL ;+DjGwLt dGqfno tyf ljefudf ;d]t lbg ;lsg] 5 .
/fo ;'emfj k7fpg] 7]ufgfM vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ l8lehg sfof{no bf]>f] ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cfof]hgf sf]O{d]Gsf] g]kfn k|f=ln= Jffun'ë gu/kflnsf, Jffun'ë cfof]]hgf Joj:yfkg sfof{no kf]= j = g+= !((^! kmf]gM )^* à %@)!!) kfgL kf]v/L, sf7df8f} Z+fvd"n, sf7df8f} ÇofS;M )^* à %@)@($ kmf]gM )! à $$@#@*^ kmf]g ÇofS; M )! à $&*$%%* ÇofS;M )!à$$!#@*) M
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
Muchulka
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
Recommendation Letter from Municipality
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
Focus Group Discussion (FGD) Minute
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
Annex V: Terms of Reference as Approved by MoPPW
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
Annex VI: Water Quality Report
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
Annex VII: Air Quality Standards, Nepal Vehicle Mass Emission Standard for gasoline & Diesel operated Vehicles, 2056, National Drinking Water Quality Guidelines (As per Urban Environment Guidelines, 2068)
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
Air Quality Standards
National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Nepal
Concentration Parameters Units Averaging Time in ambient Air, maximum Annual - TSP µg/m3 24 - hours* 230
3 Annual - PM10 µg/m 24 - hours* 120 Annual 50 Sulfur Dioxide µg/m3 24-hours** 70 Annual 40 Nitrogen Dioxide µg/m3 24-hours** 80 8hours 10000 Carbon Monoxide µg/m3 15 minutes 100000 Annual 0.5 Lead µg/m3 24-hour - Annual 20 Benzene µg/m3 24-hours* -
Ref.: Environment Sector Program Support, Ministry of Population and Environment, Kathmandu: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring in Kathmandu Valley, Yearly Report for the year 2003, March 2004 Note: * : 24 hourly values shall be met 95% of the time in a year. 18days per calendar year the standard may exceed but not on two consecutive days.
**: 24 hourly standards for NO2 and SO2 are not to be controlled before MOPE has recommended appropriate test methodologies. This will be done before 2005.
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
Nepal Vehicle Mass Emission Standard for gasoline & Diesel operated Vehicles, 2056
Model HC, Fuel Vehicle Type CO% HSU, % Test Year ppm Up to 1980 4.5 Four wheeler 1000 - Idle After 1981 3.0 Petrol Three Up to 1991 4.5 7800 - Idle wheelers After 1992 3.0 Two wheelers All 4.5 7800 - Idle LPG/ All categories - 3.0 1000 - Idle CNG 75 Ka=3.22per Up to 1994 Free meter) Diesel Four wheelers - - 65 (K=2.44 per After 1995 Acceleration meter) K= Coefficient of light absorption, a measure of blackness of smoke. It is independent of the measurement length.
Ref.: Policies & Institutional Arrangements for managing emissions from motor vehicles (Ref.: Urban Transportation and the Environment in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal Shobhakar Dahal, 2006)
Legal Framework for AQMS in Nepal
Actions Undertaken by Government1:
• Vehicle exhaust emission control standards: Nepal introduced vehicle exhaust emission tests in 1994 following the tail-pipe standards of 65 hartridge smoke units (HSU) for diesel operated vehicles and 3% CO for petrol - operated ones. A vehicular color rating system with respect to the exhaust emission standards was introduced. This system provides green stickers to vehicles meeting the emission standard and red stickers to vehicles failing test.
• Nepal Vehicle Mass Emission Standard 2056BS (2000AD): Nepal vehicle mass standard is the government’s major step towards reducing emissions per kilometer of travel. This standard is similar to the EURO - 1 standard.
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
National Drinking Water Quality Guidelines Maximum Categories Parameters Concentration Remarks Limits, (MCLs) Turbidity, (NTU) 5(10) pH 6.5-8.5* Color, (TCU) 5(15) Physical Taste & Odor Total Dissolved Solid, (mg/l) 1000 Electrical Conductivity 1500 Iron, (mg/l) 0.3(3) Manganese, (mg/l) 0.2 Arsenic, (mg/l) 0.05 Cadmium, (mg/l) 0.003 Chromium, (mg/l) 0.05 Cyanide, (mg/l) 0.07 Fluoride, (mg/l) 0.5-1.5* Lead, (mg/l) 0.01 Ammonia, (mg/l) 1.5 Chloride, (mg/l) 250 Chemical Sulphate, (mg/l) 250 Nitrate, (mg/l) 50 Copper, (mg/l) 1 Total Hardness, (mg/l) 500 Calcium, (mg/l) 200 Zinc, (mg/l) 3 Mercury, (mg/l) 0.001 Aluminum, (mg/l) 0.2 Only for Residual Chlorine, (mg/l) 0.1-0.2* chlorinated systems E-Coli, (MPN Index / 100ml) 0 Micro-Biology Total Coliform, (MPN Index / 0(95)% ) 100ml)
Ref.: /fli6ío vfg]kfgL u'0f:t/ dfkb08 sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf, @)^@, g]kfn /fhkq, v08 %^ sf7df8f}+, efu #, ;+Vof (, g]kfn ;/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f dGqfno, @)^#
Note: 1. *: Represents the range values. 2. ( ): The indicated values inside the brackets represent for those water if other alternative options are unavailable.
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
Annex VIII: Comments and Responses
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
Project: Baglung Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project Comments Responses Matrix (From ADB) S. No. Comments Responses 1 Replace ‘should’ by ‘will’ in the report Replaced 2 Rewrite Nepali executive summary covering in brief the project proposal, baseline Restructured and clarified, Please refer to Page i to vi: information, potential major impacts, mitigation measures and environment management plan with cost 3 Attach a copy of approved Terms of Reference for IEE study with official stamp from This has been given in Annex -V MPPW 4 Subsection 1.2.5 Approach and Methodology of IEE study is incomplete. The paragraph Clarified: included IEE process in Subsection 1.2.5, Please refer to is discusses about the about the survey methodology, but the IEE process followed for Paragraph 15 to 26 the study is missing. Please complete the subsection in brief 5 Subsection 2.3 (Salient Feature) can be moved to the Annex Subsection 2.12 (Salient Feature) has been kept under Chapter II ''Description of the Project" 6 Subsection 3.2.2 Flora: Please check that the scientific name of species Checked and corrected, Please refer to Paragraph 124 7 Chapter IV: Please begin the chapter by listing the beneficial impacts during construction Clarified in Chapter IV, Please refer to Paragraph 143 to 146 and operation stages of the project. 8 Please provide the location of impacts area where mitigation measures have to be Table 8.1 clearly shows the location of impacts area where mitigation applied measures have to be applied 9 Impacts due to operation of quarry is not included in the report. Please check and Quarry for construction materials (Sand & Aggregate) will not be address the issues operated in the project area. 10 Please list the number and species of trees to be cleared for project works. Clarified as: Loss of 5 number of trees, Khote Salla (Pinusrox burghii) 11 One of the mitigation measures for OHS measure is to insure labourers. Please check Please refer to Paragraph 188 this in subsection 4.2.1.3.(v) 12 Table 4.2 Types of Impact, monitoring parameters, mitigation measures, responsibility This has been included in Table 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 and cost. Please add the significant of the impacts (Type, magnitude, extent, duration and reversibility) 13 Table 4.3 Mitigation Cost: The table does not include cost for community infrastructure Please refer to Paragraph 196 Table 4.6 reconstruction. OHS cost is repeated in the table. 14 Chapter VII Grievance and Redress Mechanism: Please clarify mention what will happen Clarified, Please refer to Chapter VII
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
S. No. Comments Responses if the Grievance cannot be resolved by the DWSS office (refer resettlement framework)
15 Subsection 8.3.4 Environmental Audit: Please clarify who will conduct the Audit after 2 Audit is not require for IEE years of completion of the subproject and how budget will be arranged for the this 16 Delete Fig 8.1 as this is repetition of 2.1 Deleted 17 Please include a copy of social survey questionnaire in the annex Please refer to Annex 1
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
Project: Baglung Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project Comments Response Matrix (From MPPW) S. No. Comments Responses 1 State why the proposal requires IEE study in sub chapter "Relevancy of the Project" by Please refer to Paragraph 7 to 14 indicating threshold value and clause number according to EPR 1997, Schedule 1 and 2 in relevant sector (such as Road sector, forest sector, Historical, cultural and Archaeological area, National Park etc). Remove the threshold regarding project cost from the same chapter. 2 Incorporate all the Issues in IEE report which are mentioned in approved Terms of All issues mentioned in approved TOR of IEE is incorporated in reference. Chapter IV, Please refer to Paragraph 143 to 194 3 Clearly mention the zone of influence for direct impact zone and indirect impact zone Please refer to Annex II-b with logic of demarcation of the zone. 4 Project layout map shall be presented with affected Municipality/VDC boundaries clearly Please refer to Annex II-b demarcated. Give highest and lowest altitude of the proposal area along with camp site, quarry site waste/spoil disposal site etc. Also provide proper legend in the map. 5 Enlist the issues raised by the public in public consultation and incorporate them properly Please refer Paragraph 209 and 210 for issues raised by the public in the Impact/Mitigation and monitoring chapter. consultation which are is incorporated in paragraph 78, 79, 166 to 168, 157, 158, 86 and 161 6 Include all the materials needed like - Cement, aggregate, steel, reinforcement bars, Please refer to sub-section 2.16.6 and Paragraph 116 pipe, fittings and others. Sources of materials and their adequacy have to be identified and discussed. 7 Relocation of existing public and private facility has not been stated, for example: power Paragraph 178 and 179 lines for each voltage (no. of poles, total line length); for communication lines (no. of poles, total length, no. of telephone cabinet); water supply lines and sewerage pipeline (pipe size and length), canal, foot-trail etc. 8 Correct the scientific name of Plant/species and write in italic. Corrected, Please refer to Paragraph 124 9 The executive summary in Nepali is way different than the summary in English. As this Executive summary in Nepali is restructured included in the report report will be used by the local Nepalese, there should not be difference between Nepali (Please refer to Page I to VI) and English. Further the contents of the reports shall be grossly reflected in the executive summary. 10 Construction planning shall briefly discuss (detail can come in Management action plan): Construction process is given in 2.16. Please refer to Paragraph 103 to 116 a. Pre-construction activities like - land acquisition and compensation; relocation of HH Paragraph 59 and 60Table 2.14 and families, business, shops etc.; relocation of power lines, communication lines, and water supply lines;.
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
S. No. Comments Responses b. Quarry and storage facility management, construction material transport, storage Paragraph 116 facilities of other materials c. Traffic management - Construction and provision of bypass to re-route existing Paragraph 189 – 190 traffic during excavation of pipeline etc. d. Camp site management - for contractor, labour, engineers whichever is required. Paragraph 177 11 In case of ground water extraction, mention its impact, mitigation and monitoring Source is surface water mechanism 12 Rewrite chapter IX with conclusion and remove recommendation part. Restructured, Please refer to Paragraph 242 to 244 13 Include deed of Enquiry as per Rule 7 and Recommendation letter of affected Included, Annex IV Municipality and VDC as per Rule 10 of EPR-2054. 14 The structures like Intake, Pipeline, storage tank, Treatment Plant etc may require land. Paragraph 59and 60, Table 2.14 It shall give the following as per the chainage: e. Existing land owned by the project f. Additional land requirements for the different structures encompassing – agricultural (khet, bari), forest land (government, community, private, etc...), private land, public land etc g. temporary and permanent land requirement 15 Language regarding mitigation measures shall reflect proponent's commitments. Corrected Mitigation measures shall be clear and specific. Please do not use the word like proper, safe, should be, may, may have, etc in mitigation measure 16 The cover page shall be corrected by writing the report is submitted by the proponent. Corrected
17 The Terms of Reference make a reference to a number of policies, legislations, standard Corrected and in the IEE. In addition there is no mention why the piece of policies, legal framework, and standards guidelines to be complied and reviewed during IEE, however, only a few have been discussed guideline attracts the project. 18 Review the Acts/Rules/Policies as mentioned in the ToR in chronological order Rearranged in chronological order, please refer to Paragraph 4 (Constitution, Policy/Plan, Acts, Rules, Manual/Guideline/Standard, International Convention). And correct the date of Interim constitution of Nepal. Better write date in Bikram Sambat too. 19 One of the objectives of IEE, besides alternative analysis is to recommend whether the Please refer to Paragraph 244 project requires EIA level study or not to the decision makers. 20 The baseline environmental discussions, particularly physical and biological environment Corrected are not adequate enough to evaluate the predicted impacts. The discussed environmental baseline is highly general and do not give site specific information to actually judge the impact even for the social and cultural environment. Include baseline information of respective identified impacts.
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
S. No. Comments Responses 21 Name the community and other forest influenced by the project activity. Please refer to sub-section 3.2.2 (Paragraph 123) 22 The environmental impacts predicted should show site specific relationship between Corrected, Chapter IV, Paragraph 143 to 194 baseline and project activity logically. Such a site specific relationship is no where presented, rather a generalized approach has been taken as if the project implementation area is not known. 23 Table 4.1 in all of the IEE reports is confusing — Project activity column mention Corrected, Please refer to Table 4.5 construction works and operation works which are as good as construction phase and operation phase. 24 Impact prediction summary table as per EIA guideline is missing. Please refer to Paragraph 195 (Table 4.5) for Impact prediction summary 25 Table 8.1, • The types of impacts and mitigation measures in write up in Chapter IV and Corrected, Please refer to table 8.1 Table 4.1 do not tally with types of impacts and mitigation measures of Table 8.1. • Further monitoring indicators are very ill defined and the purpose of monitoring (baseline, impact and compliance) is not explicit. • Some of the sites for monitoring locations are illogical such as water quality monitoring of the reservoir, the specified location for monitoring is at lab building. Further water quality monitoring at the reservoir only is inadequate it should at least cove the terminal end water taps of the system to ensure the water quality safety. • Monitoring methods are lacking • Some of the topics lack responsible authorities for monitoring Cost Included in contractor’s bidding document for the first year after • Costs — even operation phase costs are mentioned as kept in bidding project completion, then after responsibilities of WUSC document? 26 For IEE level project an environmental audit is not required by the EPR-2054. Removed 27 Documentation and Reporting includes the IEE report documentation and reporting. In Please refer to sub-section 8.3.7 (Paragraph 228-237) fact this section should provide the record and reporting system for how the For monitoring mechanism Please refer to sub-section 8.3.2(Paragraph environmental mitigation is implemented, how monitoring is conducted and the findings 220-221) of monitoring and how corrective actions are implemented etc. 28 Summary Mitigation and Enhancement-Matrix and associated cost for each environment Included, Please refer to Paragraph 196, Table 4.6 and Paragraph 223, shall be prepared at the end of respective sections. Table 8.2 29 Changes shall be made of the word "Resources" used in chapter headings of chapter 3 Corrected into "Environment" 30 Include the impact regarding Waste water management of operation phase including Please refer to Paragraph 161 mitigation measure and monitoring mechanism. Write the location of spoil disposal site.
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. SSTWSSSP: Baglung WSSP IEE Report
S. No. Comments Responses 31 Include Reference for cited documents. Page 75 (Paragraph 13, Page 32, 33) 32 "Summary of Cost Benefit assessment" shall be given which shall include the followings: "Summary of Cost Benefit assessment" is given in paragraph 239, a. cost for Environmental Mitigation Measures Table 8.4 b. cost for Enhancement Measures, c. cost for Other Social Support Programs & Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), d. cost for Environmental Monitoring, e. Total Project Cost; and f. Percentage of total Environmental Cost to the Total Project Cost; and . 33 Afforestation, restriction of fishing activities, reinstatement of damaged community Corrected, Please refer to Table 4.5 and Table 8.1 structures etc is mentioned in the mitigation measures however corresponding impacts is not identified in report. The content of chapters - impact, Mitigation measure and Monitoring mechanism shall be compatible to each other 34 Those mitigation measures that can be or are part of contractual obligation for project Please refer to Table 8.1 construction shall be clearly identified. Mechanism of ensuring implementation of those mitigation measures, from the proponent part as a compliance of contractors shall be categorically proposed.
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. bf]>f] ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ If]qut cfof]hgf 3/w'/L ;j]{If0f k|ZgfjnL lhNnf======gu/kflnsf÷uf=lj=;======j8f g+======gu/ cfof]hgfM ======3/ g+======cGt/jftf{ lng]sf] gfd M ======cGt/jftf{ ldlt M ======;'kl/j]Ifssf] gfd M ======!= ;fdflhs–cfly{s ljj/0f -pko'Qm sf]7fdf -√_ of] lrGx nufpg' xf];\_
!=! cGt/jftf{ lbg]sf] gfd M !=@ 3/d'lnsf] gfd ======lnË M k'?if dlxnf !=# o; kl/jf/df ckfËtf ePsf] s'g} ;b:o x'g' x'G5< 5 5}g !=$ hfthfltdWo] s'g xf]< s_ cflbjf;L hghflt v_ blnt u_ cNk;+Vos 3_ cGo -cGtjf{tf lng]n] y/sf] cfwf/df pko'Qm ju{df lrGx nufpg] _ !=% cGt/jftf{ lbg] JolQmsf] gftfM ======!=^ o; kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?sf] ljj/0f lbg';\ qm=;+= 3/d'lnl;tsf] gftf÷gfd pd]/ lnË lzIff :t/ k]zf ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( !) Gff]6M k]zf M != s[lif @= Jofkf/ #= gf]s/L $+= pBf]uwGbf %= /]ld6]G; -a}b]lzs /f]huf/_ ^= Hofnf &= cGo lzIff M != lg/If/ @= ;fIf/ #= k|fylds;Dd $= dfWolds;Dd %= P;=Pn=;L= plt0f{ ^= cfO{=P= &= lj=P= *= Pd= P= (= cGo !=& o; kl/jf/df a;f]af; ug]{ cGo ;b:ox?sf] ;xof]uL 8]/fjfn s'n ;+Vof
!=* o; gu/÷zx/df slxn] b]lv a:b} cfpg' ePsf] 5 < jif{
1 :jjf;L a;fO ;/]sf] a;fO{ ;/L cfPsf] eP s'g lhNnfaf6 ======< !=( a;fO{ ;g'{sf] sf/0fM k|fs[lts k|sf]k Jofkf/÷Joj;fo lzIff åGb lhljsf]kfh{g ;fdflhs ljnog !=!) slxn] b]lv o; 3/df a:b} cfpg' ePsf] xf] < ;fn÷aif{ !=!! of] 3/ cfk\mg} xf] < xf] xf]Og olb xf] eg] xfnsf] d'No slt xf]nf cg'dflgt ?= v_ ef8fdf a;]sf] xf] xf]Og xf] eg] dfl;s 3/ efF8f slt ltg'{x'G5 < ?= u_ ;'s'Daf;L xf] xf]Og !=!@ o; 3/df efG5f sf]7f afx]s cGo slt j6f sf]7fx? 5g\ < ! sf]7f @ sf]7f # sf]7f $ sf]7f jf ;f] eGbf jl9 !=!# 3/sf] cjnf]sg u/L 3/sf] lsl;d n]Vg] . kSsL cw{ kSsL sRrL -kSsL M 5t 9nfg, cw{ kSsL M 9'Ëf÷O§fsf] ufx|f], 6Lgsf] 5fgf÷9'Ëf÷:n]6,lemu6L÷6fon cflb, sRrL M df6f] ufx|f] / v/÷6fonn] 5fPsf]_ !=!$ o; kl/jf/;+u hUuf hdLg 5 < 5 5}g olb 5 eg] % /f]kgL -)=@% x]S6/_ eGbf jl9 jf % /f]kgL eGbf sd !=!% oxfFsf] hUufsf] lsl;dM s_ v]t jf af/L ÷cl;+lrt hUuf -======lj3f÷/f]kgL_ v_ v]t jf af/L ÷l;+lrt hUuf -======lj3f÷/f]kgL_ !=!^ oxfFn] ufO{÷e};L kfNg' ePsf]5 < 5 5}g , 5 eg] sltj6f < Pp6f b'O{j6f jf jl9 !=!& tkfO{sf] kl/jf/df tn pNn]lvt s'g s'g ;fdfg 5g\ < -ePsf] ;fdfgsf] ;+Vof n]Vg]_ qm=;+= ;DkQL ;+Vof s}lkmot ! ;fOsn÷l/S;f @ Dff]6/;fO{sn # a}nuf8f $ sf/÷lhk % ldgLa;÷a; ^ 6«ofS6/÷6«s & /]l8of]÷Sof;]6 * 6]lnlehg÷lel8of];]6 ( :6f]e÷Uof; r'nf] !) /]lk|mh]6/ !! jfl;Ë d]lzg !@ jf6/ lkmN6/ !# sDKo'6/ !$ Od]n÷OG6/g]6sf] kx'Fr !% cGo eP pNn]v ug]{ . !=!* olb d'n k]zf s[lif eP slt dlxgf vfg k'U5< # dlxgf ^ dlxgf !@ dlxgf olb gk'u ePdf s;/L wfGg' x'G5 < k;n÷3/ef8f tnj k]G;g cGo 2 !=!( tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] cf};t jflif{s vr{ slt 5 pNn]v ug'{xf]; . qm=;+= vr{sf] lzif{s / lsl;d dfl;s vr{ ?= s}lkmot ! -s_ s[lif tkm{ !=! /;folgs dn, ljp, ls6gfzs cfbL vl/b ug{ !=@ Dff6f]sf] t}of/L, /f]Kg], uf]8\g], afnL sf6\g], leqfpg], 9'jfgL / laqmL ubf{ x'g] vr{ !=# cGo eP -pNn]v ug'{;\_ -s_ sf] hDdf | @s -v_ u}x [lif tkm{ @=! vfBfGg -cGg / b}lgs pkef]Uo j:t'_ @=@ sk8f @=# lzIff @=$ 3/ ef8f÷3/ dd{t @=% oftfoft÷;+rf/ @=^ ljB't @=& kfgL kf]t ÷dd{t ;Def/ @=* Cf}{iflw÷pkrf/ -kfgLaf6 x'g] /f]u_ ======jflif{s vr{ @=( Cf}iflw÷pkrf/ -cGo /f]u_ ======jflif{s vr{ @=!) cGoM rf8ka{ sd{sf08 ;+:sf/ cflb pNn]v ug]{ ======jflif{s vr{ -v_ sf] hDdf s±v sf] s'n hDdf
!=@) tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] cf};t dfl;s cfo slt 5 < pNn]v ug'{xf]; . ;+nUg kl/jf/ k|fKt x'g] cfo qm=;+= cfo;|f]t s}lkmot k'?if dlxnf -?= dfl;s_ ! -s_ s[lif tkm{ !=! s[lif pTkfbgsf] ljqmLaf6 cfo -ds}, ux'F, wfg, t/sf/L, kmnk"mn_ !=@ kz'hGo pTkfbg -b'w, bxL, £o", afv|f, s'v'/f cflb_ -s_ sf] hDdf @| s -v_ u}x [lif tkm{ @=! gf]s/L ÷ hflu/ @=@ Hofnf dhb'/L @=# k]G;g÷pkbfg cfbL @=$ j}b] zLs /f]huf/ -/]ld6]G;_ @=% k;n÷Jofkf/ @=^ pBf]u @=& k;n÷3/ ef8f @=* uf8L÷9'jfgL Joj;fo @=( cGo eP pNn]v ug]{ -v_ sf] hDdf s±v s'n hDdf !=@! oxfFsf] kl/jf/n] s'g} 7'nf] C0f af]Sg' k/]sf] 5 < 5 5}g
3 @= vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ Joj:yfkg @=! tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] nfuL vfg, vfgf ksfpg, g'xfpg, efF8fjt{g tyf n'uf w'gsf nfuL k|of]u ul/g] kfgLsf] >f]t Pp6} xf] < xf] xf]Og @=@ tkfO{sf] vfgkfgLsf] d'Vo >f]t sxFf 5 < 3/ sDkfp08 leq} ;fj{hlgs :yndf @=# tkfO{sf] kl/jf/n] lkpg, vfgf ksfpgsf] nfuL k|of]u ug]{ kfgLsf] >f]t s'g xf] < b}lgs slt ln6/ kfgL vr{g' x'G5 < s[kof tnsf] sf]7fdf-9_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ . ln6/÷ ln6/÷ qm=;+= jiff{ofddf ;'Vvf ofddf 9 b}lgs 9 b}lgs != O{gf/÷s'jf -v'Nnf_ O{gf/÷s'jf -v'Nnf_ @= O{gf/÷s'jf -9Ssg ePsf]_ Ogf/÷s'jf 9Ssg ePsf]_ #= 6\o"a]n÷x\of08kDk 6\o"a]n x\of08kDk $= l8k 6\o"a]n l8k 6\o"a]n %= O{gf/÷s'jf d];Lgn] tfGg] O{gf/÷s'jf d];Lgn] tfGg] ^= ;fj{hlgs wf/f ;fj{hlgs wf/f &= lghL wf/f lghL wf/f ] *= d"n, vf]nf, gbL, kf]v/L d"n vf]nf, gbL, kf]v/L (= laqm]tf;Fu kfgL lsg]/ laqm]tf;Fu kfgL lsg]/ !)= jiff{tsf] kfgL ;+sng u/]/ aiff{tsf] kfgL ;+sng u/]/ !!= cGo cGo !@= yfxf 5}g yfxf 5}g
@=$ b}lgs vfg]kfgL cfjZos k"lt{ kfgL ;+sngaf/] lgDg lj:t[t ljj/0f lbg'xf];\ . jiff{ ofddf ;'Vvf ofddf qm=;+= ljj/0f k'?if dlxnf aflnsf Affns k'?if dlxnf aflnsf afns != slt v]k÷k6s @= ln6/÷v]k #= s'n kl/df0f $= kfgL Nofpg nfUg] ;do - ldg]6_÷v]k • kfgLsf] d'xfg ;Dd k'Ug • d'xfgdf kv{g' kg]{ ;do • kms{bf nfUg] ;do %= k|lt v]k nfUg] ;do gf]6 M cGt/jftf{ lng] JolQmn] kfgLsf] efF8f] x]/L ;f]sf] Ifdtf olsg ul/ pNn]v ug]{ .
4 @=% efF8f dfem\g, g'xfpg / n'uf w'g tyf cGo sfdsf] nfuL s'g >f]ts]f kfgL k|of]u ug'{x'G5 < slt kfgL vkt ug'{x'G5< s[kof ; lrGx nufpg'xf];\ . qm= ln6/÷ ln6/÷ jiff{ofdddf ;'Vvf ofddf ;+= 9 b}lgs 9 b}lgs != O{gf/÷s'jf -v'Nnf_ O{gf/÷s'jf -v'Nnf_ @= O{gf/÷s'jf 9Ssg ;lxt O{gf/÷s'jf 9Ssg ;lxt #= 6\o"a]n x\of08kDk ;lxt 6\o"a]n x\of08kDk ;lxt $= l8k 6\o"a]n l8k 6\o"a]n %= O{gf/÷s'jf d];Lgaf6 tfGg] O{gf/÷s'jf d];Lgaf6 tfGg] ^= ;fj{hlgs wf/f ;fj{hlgs wf/f &= 3/s} lghL wf/f 3/s} lghL wf/f *= D"fn, vf]nf, gbL, kf]v/L d"n vf]nf, gbL, kf]v/L (= kfgL laqm]tf;Fu lsg]/ kfgL laqm]tf;Fu lsg]/ !)= cfsf;] kfgL ;+sng u/]/ cfsf;] kfgL ;+sng u/]/ !!= cGo cGo !@= Yfxf 5}g Yfxf 5}g
@=^ n'uf w'g / g'xfpg 3/af6 kfgLsf] d'xfg ;Dd hfg slt ;do nfUb5 . -olb >f]t÷d'xfg 5'§f5'§} ePdf ;do -ldg]6df_ pNn]v ug]{_
s_ n'uf w'g hfg] g'xfpg efF8f dfem\g v_ jiff{ofddf nfUg] ;do ldg]6 ;'Vvf ofddf nfUg] ;do ldg]6
@=& olb wf/fsf] kfgL oxfFsf] cfjZostf kl/k'lt{ug{ kof{Kt 5}g eg] s;/L cfk'lt{ ug'{ x'G5<
kfgLsf] >f]t kl/df0f vr{g' kg]{ ;do -306f_ b}lgs Yfk vr{ dfl;s ln6/ s' jf Ogf/ cfsf;] kfgL ;+sng lghL 6}+s/af6 kfgL lsGg] Xf086 \ kDk, \o'jj]n ldgn/ jf6/ hf/ cGo
@=* ufO{a:t'sf] nflu rflxg] kfgL s'g >f]taf6 slt dfqfdf pkef]u ug'{x'G5 . s_ k|of]u ePsf] ;|f]t======v_ kl/df0f -ln6/÷b}lgs_ ======u_ >f]t;Dd hfg cfpg nfUg] ;do -ldg]6_======
5 #= lghL wf/f h8fg
#=! s] tkfO{n] 3/df kfOk wf/f h8fg ug'{ ePsf] 5 < 5 5}g olb 5 eg] slt vr{ nfUof]< ?= #=@ s] tkfO{ cfkm\gf] 3/df wf/f hf]8\g rfxg' x'G5 < rfxG5 ' rfxGg rfxg' x'G5 eg] s:tf] k|sf/sf] wf/f h8fg ug{ OR5f /fVg' x'G5 < s_ 3/leq lghL wf/f v_ sDkfp08leq lghL wf/f u_ ;fd'bflos wf/f #=# olb tkfOsf] 3/df lghL wf/f h8fg ePsf] 5}g eg], lsg h8fg gu/]sf] < s_ vr{ ug]{ Ifdtf gePsf]n] v_ h8fg z'Ns w]/} kg]{ ePsf]n] u_ dfl;s kfgL lan w]/} cfpg] ePsf]n] 3_ kfgLsf] dfqf kof{Kt gePsf]n] ª_ kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ lgoldt gePsf]n] r_ o; If]qdf kfOknfOg h8fg ug{] Joj:yf pknAw gePsf]n] 5_ kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ /fd|f] gePsf]n] h_ cGo sf/0f pNn]v ug]{ em_ yfxf 5}g #=$ xfn tkfO{n] kfghL wf/f afkt uPsf] dlxgfdf kfgLsf] dxz'n slt ltg'{ eof] < ? #=% uPsf] dlxgfdf lt/]sf] lan b]vfpg ;Sg' x'G5 < -lan pknJw eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f eg]{_ s_ lt/]sf] /sd ? v_ vkt ePsf] kfgLsf] dfqf ln6/ #=^ kfgLsf] lan s'g cfwf/df ltg'{x'G5 < ; lrGx nufpg'xf];\ . s_ dfl;s lglZrt tf]lsPsf] /sd v_ ld6/ l/l8Ë adf]lhd u_ vfg]kfgL sfof{non] eg] hlt 3_ ltg'{ kb]{g ª_ cGo r_ yfxf 5}g #=& tkfO{nfO{ kfgLsf] lan ltg{ s'g tl/sf dg k5{ < s_ lglZrt tf]lsPsf] dfl;s z'Ns v_ ld6/ l/l8Ë lan cg';f/ #=* 3/sf] wf/fdf kfgL gcfpFbf klg kfgL dxz'n ltg'{ k5{ < k5{ kb}{g
6 #=( lghL wf/fsf] kfgL afx]s tkfO{n] slxn] yk kfgL lsGg' kg]{ ePsf] 5 < jiff{ofddf ln6/ ;'Vvfofddf ln6/ kb}{g #=!) lghL:t/sf kfgL laqm]tfaf6 lsGbf slt kl/df0f s'g b/df kfgL lsGg' ePsf] 5< ln6/ ?= ÷k|lt ln6/sf] b/ ?= #=!! tkfOsf] 3/sf] wf/f slt e/kbf]{ 5 < s_ kfgL lg/Gt/ cfp5 v_ kfgL slxn] cfpF5 / slxn] cfpFb}g u_ kfgL Ps lbg la/fP/ cfpF5 3_ kfgL k|To]s lbg s]xL 306f cfpF5 #=!@ vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnL cj?4 x'bf dd{t ;Def/ ubf{ nfUg] vr{ Joxf]g]{ lhDdf s;sf] xf] < s_ g]kfn ;/sf/ v_ vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf ;/;kmfO ;ldlt u_ ;d'bfo ÷ 5/ l5d]sL 3_ cGo pNn]v ug]{ ======#=!# vfg]kfgLsf] kfOk÷wf/f dd{t ;'wf/sf] nflu jflif{s slt /sd vr{ ug'{x'G5 < u5'{ ulb{g #=!$ ;fj{hlgs wf/f k|of]u u/] jfkt kfgL kf]t ltg'{ k5{< kb}{g k5{ , k5{ eg] slt < /sd dfl;s÷jflif{s #=!% kfgLsf ] u'0f:t/M tkfO{n] k|of]u ug]{ kfgLsf] u'0f:t/k|lt ;Gt'i6 x'g'x'G5< 5' 5}g olb 5}g eg], kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ ;DalGw ;d:of s:tf 5g < c_ kfgL uGxfpF5 cf_ :jfb g/fd|f] 5 O_ kfgL k|b"lift÷wldnf] 5 O{_ cGo s]lx ;d:of eP pNn]v ug]{ ======
#=!^ o;/L k|of]u ug]{ kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ sfod ug{ s] ug'{ x'G5 kfgLsf] k|zf]wgsf 3/]n' ljlw Yfk vr{ dfl;s pdfNg] lkmN6/ ug]{ 5fGg] Snf ]l/g -lko';_, cfnd, kf]6f; o'/f] uf8{ ;f]l8; cGo
7 ;x–nufgL cjwf/0ff ;DaGwL k|fyldstf
$=! olb tkfO{sf] gu/kflnsf÷uf=lj=;= df ljleGg of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ /sd pknAw 5 eg] lgDglnlvt dWo] s'g s'g @ of]hgfnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf lbg'x'G5 < s_ ;8s aQL 5_ ljB't v_ sfnf]kq] ;8s h_ ;+rf/ u_ ljBfno em_ ;/;kmfO{÷;'ljwf 3_ c:ktfn `_ l;rfO{ ª_ Jojl:yt vfg]kfgL k|0ffnL 6_ kf6Lkf}jf wd{zfnf 7_ cGo ======r_ k}bnofqL ;8s $=@ olb tkfO{ Jojl:yt vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnLnfO{ dxTjk"0f{ 7fGg' x'G5 eg], s:tf] lsl;dsf] vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] rfxgf ug'{ ePsf] 5 < s_ 3/÷ sDkfp08leq} JolQmut÷lghL wf/f h8fg u_ z'Ns ;lxtsf] ;fd'bflos wf/f h8fg 3_ ;'wfl/Psf] s'jf, x\of08kDk hl8t ª_ ;'wfl/Psf] s'jf, ljB'tLo oGq hl8t r_ xfn pknJw ;]jfdf ;'wf/ cfjZos 5}g 5_ cGo -pNn]v ug'{xf];\_======$=# olb tkfO{sf] 3/df wf/f 5}g / lghL wf/f /fVg OR5's x'g'x'G5 eg], slt /sd ;x–nufgL ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 < s[kof tn lbO{Psf] tflnsfdf lglh wf/f /fVg slt /sd ;Dd nufgL ug'{x'G5 nufgLsf] /sdsf] ;Ldfdf ; lrGx nufpg'xf]; . qm=;+= nufgLsf] ljj/0f ; lrGx nufpg] != !%))) eGbf dfyL @= ())! b]lv !%))) ;Dd #= ^))! b]lv ())) ;Dd $= #))! b]lv ^))) ;Dd %= !%)! b]lv #))) ;Dd ^= !%)) eGbf sd $=$ lghL wf/f h8fg afkt nfUg] z'Ns Joxf]g'{ kg]{5< dGh'/ 5 dGh'/ 5}g $=% gofF vfg]kfgL of]hgf z'? ePdf / ;f] of]hgfaf6 rf}lj;} 306f kof{Kt dfqfdf u'0f:t/o'Qm kfgL pknJw ePsf] v08df s] tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] 3/df wf/f h8fg ug{ OR5's x'g' x'G5< 5' 5}g olb OR5's eP gofF lgodfg';f/ dfl;s kfgL dxz'n lgoldt a'´fpg' x'G5< 5' 5}g olb OR5's x'g' x'G5 eg] tn lbO{Psf] tflnsfdf kfgL dxz'nsf] ;Ldfdf ; lrGx nufP/ cfkm\gf] O{R5f JoQm ug'{xf]; .
8 qm=;+= Dffl;s kfgL dxz'n ; lrGx nufpg] != ? %)) eGbf dfyL @= ? $%! b]lv %)) #= ? $)! b]lv $%) $= ? #%! b]lv $)) %= ? #)! b]lv #%) ^= ? @%! b]lv #)) ^= ? @)! b]lv @%) &= ? !%! b]lv @)) g$=^ gofF vf ]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf x'g tkfO{sf] kl/jf/af6 klg k|ltj4tf :j?k clu|d /sd of]ubfg ug'{ kg]{ x'G5, oxfFsf] ljrf/df slt k|ltzt of]ubfg x'g ;S5< nfutsf] %Ü !)Ü !%Ü $=& gofF ;/;kmfO{ ;'ljwf -;fd'bflos zf}rfno tyf ;txL 9n_ lgdf{0fsf] nflu ;x nufgL :j?k !%Ü :yfgLo lgsfo / pkef]Qmfn] ;xnufgL ug{ OR5's x'g'x'G5< 5' 5}g olb rfxg'x'G5 eg], slt ;Dd < $=* oxfFnfO{ geO gx'g] tyf eP /fd|f] x'g] k|fylds cfjZostf s'g xf]< lghL wf/f h8fg lghL rkL{ lgdf{0f b'j}
%=n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 dlxnf ;xeflutf -cfof]hgfsf] ljleGg r/0fdf dlxnf ;xeflutf ;DalGw hfgsf/L ;+sng ug{ k|To]s 3/b}nf]df, nlIft ;d'x 5nkmnaf6 / 5'§} dlxnf ;d'x;Fu dfq ;f]lwg] k|Zgx?_ s_ dlxnfx?sf] pkl:ylt / ;xefuLtf %=! cfof]hgfsf]af/]df 5nkmn ug{ s'g} a}7s af]nfO{Psf] lyof] < lyof] lyPg %=@ s] cfof]hgfsf] 5gf}6 ug{ a}7sdf dlxnf pkef]Qmfx?sf] pkl:ytL lyof] < lyof] lyPg olb lyof] eg] dlxnf pkef]Qmfx?sf] e'ldsf s:tf] lyof] < ;'Gg] dfq cGtlqm{ofTds lg0ff{os %=# cfof]hgfsf] lqmofsnfkx?sf] /]vb]v ug{ s] vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;ldlt÷;+:yf u7g ePsf] 5 < 5 5}g %=$ vf=kf=p=;=;ldltsf ;b:ox? dWo] slt dlxnf ;b:ox? 5g\< -cGtjf{tf lng] JolQmn] vf=kf=p=;=;=l;t ;ldltsf] kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:ox?sf] gfdfjnL tyf tnlj sd{rf/Lsf] ljj/0f dfu u/L pknJw u/fpg] _
9 v_ n}lËstfsf cfwf/df sfo{ ljefhg %=% tnsf] tflnsfdf lbOPsf] sfdx? cS;/ s:n] ug]{ ub{5< (√)lrGx nufpg';\ b}lgs 306fdf qm=;+ 3/fol; lqmofsnfkx? k'?if Dflxnf s'n ;do ! Vffg]kfgL eg]{, af]Sg], e08f/0f / k|of]u ug]{ @ efG5f tof/ ug]{, ef8fF dfem\g # Affnaflnsf / j[4j[4fsf] :ofxf/ $] 3/ ;kmfn'uf ug w'g ]{ % vfBfGg e08f/0f tyf tof/L ^ cGo u_ kfl/jfl/s Joj:yfkg, cfo >f]t / cGo ljifodf dlxnfx?sf] lgoGq0f / kx'Fr %=^ tnsf] tflnsfdf pNn]lvt kfl/jf/Ls ljifo jf If]qx?df lg0f{o ubf{ oxfFsf] 3/ kl/jf/df dlxnf÷k'?ifsf] egfO{sf] ;'g'jfO{ x'G5 < pko'Qm sf]7fdf (√)lrGx nufpg';\ qm=;+ ljifo jf sfo{If]qx? x'G5 (√) x'b}g (√) ! cfly{s ;/f]sf/sf s'/fx? @s s]6f ]6Lsf] lzIff lbIff #s s]6f ]6L / j[4j[4fsf] :jf:Yo / :ofxf/ $ crn ;Dklt lsgj]r -3/ hUuf_ % b}lgs lqmofsnfkx? ^ ;fdflhs ljlw Jojxf/, ljjfx, at{jGw, rf8kj{ tyf ;fdflhs÷kfl/jf/Ls ;';DjGwg cflb & cGo
%=& oxfFsf] kl/jf/df kfl/jf/Ls ;Dkltsf lgDg ljifodf dlxnfsf] kxF'r / :jfldTj /x]sf] 5 5}g tnsf] tflnsfdf pko'Qm sf]7fdf (√)lrGx nufpg';\
qm ;+ ljj/0f kx'Fr :jfldTj ! hUuf hldg @ 3/ tyf cGo ;+/rgfx? # rn ;Dklt÷;l+rt k};f $ B}lgs lqmofsnfkx? % cGo 3_ vf=kf=p=;=;= tyf ;d'bfodf dlxnfsf] :t/ -x}l;ot_ -lgDg a'Fbfx? cGt/jftf{ lng] JolQmn] u/]sf] cjnf]sgsf cfwf/ x'g]5 _ qm;+ ljifo pRr dWod lgDg ! cfTd;Ddfgaf]w @ cfTdljZjf; g]t[Tj zLk # bfloTjaf]w / Ifdtf $ Nofst, ts{ ;+ut, w}o{ / d]xgt % cGo
10 ^= ;d ljsf;df kx'Frsf cfwf/df ;fdflhs ;dfj]zL ;xeflutf -cfof]hgfsf] ljleGg r/0fdf u}/nfeflGjt ljkGg ju{sf,] cflbjf;L hghflt, blnt tyf k5fl8 k/]sf ju{sf] ;dfj]zL ;xeflutf ;DalGw hfgsf/L ;+sng ug{ k|To]s 3/b}nf]df, nlIft ;d'x 5nkmnaf6 / 5'§} dlxnf ;d'x;Fu 5nkmn ubf{ ;f]Wg] k|Zgx?_ s_ cfof]hgf lqmofsnfkdf u}/nfeflGjt ljkGg ju{x?, hfthflt, blnt, ckfËtf ePsf] JolQmsf] pkl:ylt ^=! cfof]hgfsf]af/]df 5nkmn ug{] s'g} e]nf÷a}7sdf ;dfj]zL tj/n] af]nfO{Psf] lyof] < lyof] lyPg ^=@ s] cfof]hgfsf] 5gf}6 ug{ a}7sdf ;dfj]zLtfsf] cfwf/df ;xefuLx?sf] pkl:ytL lyof]< lyof] lyPg ^=# s] vf=kf=p=;=;=sf] u7gdf ;dfj]zLtf c+uLsf/ ePsf] lyof]< lyof] lyPg
v_ lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;dfj]zL k|s[of ckgfPsf] lyof] <
^=$ cfof]hgf 5gf}6 ug{ hfthfltx?sf] s:tf] e"ldsf s:tf] lyof] < pRr dWod lgDg ^=% ;fgf ;x/L vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;fdflhs ;dfj]zL cfwf/df pkef]Qmfx?sf] kl/rfng ug{ ePsf] k|of; s:tf] lyof]< /fd|f] dWod lgDg
&= :jf:Yo / ;/;kmfO s= vfg]kfgL ! tkfO{Fsf] ljrf/df kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ g/fd|f] -v/fa_ ePdf s] ;d:ofx? b]lvg ;S5 < -Ps eGbf a9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ !=! b'u{Gw cfpg] ÷ gld7f] :jfb !=@ bfFt ljlu|g]÷/+uLg] !=# la/fdL agfpg] !=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ======@= s] tkfO{FnfO{ kfgL eg]{ / /fVg] efF8f] kfgL eg'{ / e08f/ ug'{ k"j{ ;kmf ug'{k5{ eGg] yfxf 5 < 5 5}g olb 5 eg], kfgL /fVg] efF8f] s;/L ;kmf ug'{ x'G5 < vfnL kfgL dfqn] v/fgL kfgLn] e';÷lk7f] / kfgLn] ;fa'g kfgLn] cGo -pNn]v ug'{;\_ ======#= tkfO{ 3/df kfgL s;/L /fVg' x'G5 < -Ps eGbf a9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ 11 #=! kfgL eg'{ klxn] efF8f ;kmf ug]{ #=@ af;L kfgL km\ofFSg] #=# kfgL /fVg] efF8f] /fd|f];Fu 9fs]/÷5f]k]/ /fVg] #=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_======$= tkfO{ ufu|f] jf 3}+6f]af6 kfgL s;/L lgsfNg'x'G5 < $=! kfgL ;fg'{ cl3 cDvf]/f, nf}6f, s?jf, du wf]P/ $=@ lunf;, du, sk ufu|Ldf 8'afP/ $=# ufu|f]af6 nf]6f, c+Dvf]/f, s?jf, lunf;df kfgL ;f/]/ $=$= cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ======v= rkL{ != rkL{ k|of]usf kmfO{bfx? s] s] 5g\ < -PseGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ !=! a'9f, afns tyf la/fdLnfO{ ;'ljwf !=@ 3/ tyf jftfj/0f ;kmf x'g] !=# uf]Kotf x'g] !=$ /f]uaf6 arfj6 x'g] !=% cGo -pNn]v ug]{_======@= s] tkfO{FnfO{ lb;faf6 /f]u ;5{ eGg] nfU5 < nfU5 nfUb}g olb nfU5 eg], dflg;sf] lb;faf6 ;g]{ /f]ux?sf] gfd eGg'xf];\ < ======#= s] tkfO{Fsf] 3/df rkL{ 5 < 5 5}g #=! olb 5 eg], s:tf] k|sf/sf] rkL{ 5 < ! vfN8] rkL{ $ l;:6g{ km\n; @ e]lG6n]6]8 vfN8] rkL{ % cGo ======# jf6/ l;n÷kf]/ km\n; #=@ olb 5 eg], tkfOF{sf] 3/df rkL{ s;s;n] k|of]u ug'{x'G5 < -!= ;a}n], @= aRrf afx]s ;a}n] #= jo:s / k|f}9n] dfq} $= lj/fdL dfqn]} _ #=# olb 5}g eg], lsg rkL{ gagfpg' ePsf] xf] < -s= agfpg] tl/sf yfxf geP/, v= nufgL ug{ g;s]/, u= v'Nnf d}bfgdf lb;f ug]{ afgL eP/, 3= hUufsf] cefjn] ª cGo -pNn]v ug]{+_======_ #=$ olb 5}g eg,] lb;f ug{ sxfF hfg'x'G5 < -s= Vff]nf÷hËn÷lsgf/ v= v'Nnf d}bfg÷7fpF u= 3/÷;8s 5]p 3= hxfF ;lhnf] x'G5_ #=% olb 5}g eg], rkL{ agfpg slt nufgL ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 < ?= u= vfg]s'/fsf] ;/;kmfO != vfBkbfy{ b"lift x'gaf6 s;/L arfpg'x'G5 < -Ps eGbf a9L pQ/ cfpg;Sg]_ !=! ksfPsf] vfgf 5f]k]/÷9fs]/ /fVg] !=@ af;L aRg] u/L w]/} gksfP/ !=# sfFr} vfOg] vfg]s'/f /fd|f];Fu kvfn]/ wf]P/ dfq vfg]
12 !=$ xft uf]8f ;kmf u/]/ dfq efG;fdf k;]/ !=% ;kmf xftn] vfgf k:sg] !=^ 8f8' kGo', yfn÷efF8fs'F8f ;kmf u/]/ dfq vfgf k:sg]÷vfg] !=& r'nf] rf}sL ksfpg] ef8f, 9sgx? ;kmf /fVg] !=* w]/} af;L jf ;8] un]sf kmnkm'n t/sf/L gvfg] @= s] tkfO{ vfg]s'/f 5f]k]/÷9fs]/ /fVg'x'G5 < /fV5' /flVbg olb /fVg'x'G5 eg], To;af6 s] s] kmfObfx? 5g\ < -Ps eGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ @=! w'nf] d}nf], lem+uf, ;fËnf, ls/f, tyf 3/kfn'jf kz'kG5Laf6 arfj6 @=@ d";f÷5'r'Gb|f]÷dfp;'ln÷la/fnf]af6 aRg @=# vfB k|b'if0faf6 x'g] /f]uaf6 aRg @=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_======hLjghn agfpg] tl/sf yfxf 5 5}g ;f]Wg], olb yfxf ePdf ;lx tl/sfn] hLjghn agfpg] . hLjghn agfpg] ;lx tl/sf lgDgcg';f/sf] 5 . != klxnf ;fa'g kflgn] xft ;kmf ug]{, @= lrof lunf;sf] ^ lunf; -Ps ln6/_ kfgL Pp6f ;kmf efF8f]df xfNg] -olb kfgL pdfn]sf] ePdf ;]nfpg lbg]_, #=hLjghnsf] Ps Kofs]6leq ePsf] w'nf] k"/} kfgLdf xfnL kfgLnfO{ /fd|/L rnfP/ w'nf]nfO{ 3'Ng lbg] .
3= JolQmut ;/;kmfO
!= tkfO{F / kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:on] slxn] / s] u/]kl5 xft w'g'x'G5 < w'g] eP o:tf] -9_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ / gw'g] eP o:tf] -×_ lrGx nufpg'xf]; . -Ps eGbf a9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ % jif{ d'lgsf qm=;+= lqmofsnfk afnaflnsf dlxnf k'?if w'g] -9_ gw'g] -×_ w'g] -9_ gw'g] -×_ w'g] -9_ gw'g] -×_ ! vfgf vfg' cl3 @ vfgf vfPkl5 # lb;f uPkl5 $ kmf]x/ d}nf 5f]Pkl5 % sfdaf6 kms]{kl5 ^s s]6f ]6LnfO{ lb;f lk;fj u/fO ;s]kl5 & cGo -pNn]v ug]{_
@= tkfO{ / kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:on] s] n] xft w'g'x'G5 < w'g]df o:tf] -9_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ / gw'g]df o:tf] -×_ lrGx nufpg'xf]; . % jif{ d'lgsf qm=;+= lqmofsnfk afnaflnsf dlxnf k'?if w'g] -9_ gw'g] -×_ w'g] -9_ gw'g] -×_ w'g] -9_ gw'g] -×_ != kfgL dfq} @= v/fgL kfgL #= e';÷lk7f] kfgL $= ;fa'g kfgL %= cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ hDdf
13 #= tkfO{ / kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:on] slxn] slxn] g'xfpg'x'G5 < g'xfpg] eP o:tf] -9_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ / gg'xfpg] eP o:tf] -×_ lrGx nufpg'xf]; . qm=;+= k|lqmofsnfk afnaflnsf dlxnf k'?if -9_ -×_ -9_ -×_ -9_ -×_ != k|To]s lbg @= Ps lbg la/fP/ #= xKtfdf @ k6s $= xKtfdf ! k6s %= @ xKtfdf ! k6s ^= dlxgfdf Ps k6s hDdf ª= kmf]x/ d}nf Joj:yfkg != tkfO{sf] 3/af6 lg:sg] 7f]; kmf]x/ d}nf sxfF lj;h{g ug'{x'G5 < !=! 3/ glhs vfN8f]df !=@ lghL kmf]x/ ;+sngstf{nfO{ lbg] !=# uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsfn] Joj:yf u/]sf] vfN8f] jf Sofgdf !=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ======@= 7f]; tyf t/n kmf]x/ j:t'nfO{ cJojl:yt tl/sfn] lj;h{g ugf{n] x'g] g/fd|f c;/x? s] s] x'g\ < -Ps eGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ @=! kmf]xf]/ jftfj/0fdf j[l4 @=@ nfdv'§], lem+uf, ls/fx?sf] j[l4 @=# /f]u ;g]{df j[l4 @=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ======#= tkfO{sf] 3/af6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/ kfgL sxfF lj;h{g ug'{x'G5 <
#=! vfN8f]df (Soak pit) #=@ t/sf/L af/Ldf÷s/];f af/Ldf #=# ;fj{hlgs 9ndf #=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ======r= j:t'efpsf] kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg != s] tkfO{n] a:t'efp kfNg' ePsf] 5 < 5 5}g -olb 5}g eg] kfgL hGo ;?jf /f]udf hfg]_ olb 5 eg] s'g s'g k|sf/sf 5g\ / ltgLx?nfO{ sxfF /fVg' x'G5 < qm= a:t'efpsf] k|sf/ 3/leq} /fVg] aflx/ 5'§} uf]7df /fVg] ;+= ! ufO{÷e}+;L '/÷;@ a+u +u'/ # afv|f '/f÷xf$ s'v F; % cGo
14 @= a:t'efpaf6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/ sxfF / s;/L lj;h{g ug'{x'G5 < @=! dnvfbdf @=@ cfuf] afNg]÷u'OF{7f agfpg] @=# uf]j/ Uof; KnfG6df k|of]u ug]{ @=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ======#= j:t'efpsf] kmf]xf]/ d}nfsf] hyfeflj cJojl:yt tj/n] lj;h{g ubf{ x'g] v/fj c;/x? s] s] x'g\ < -Ps eGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ #=! jftfj/0fL kmf]xf]/df j[l4 x'g] #=@ nfdv'§,] lem+uf, ls/fx?s]f j[l4 x'g] #=# /f]uAoflw j9\g] tyf ;g]{ #=$ ufFp, 5/l5d]s tyf gu/ czf]elgo b]lvg] #=% cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ======5= kfgLhGo ;?jf /f]ux? != kfgLhGo ;?jf /f]usf] sf/0fx? s] s] x'g\ < -Ps eGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ !=! b"lift kfgL k|of]u ubf{ !=@ b"lift vfgf vfFbf !=# 3/ tyf ;fj{hlgs :yndf kmf]x/ a9\gfn] !=$ dflg;sf] dnd"q hyfefjL km\ofSg] ubf{ !=% kmf]xf]/ d}nf hyfefjL km\ofFSg] ubf{ !=^ :jf:Yo lzIff tyf :j:y afgLsf] cefj !=& ;/;kmfO{ / :jf:Yo ;DjGwL 1fg / r]tgfsf] cefjn] !=* cGo ======
@= tkfO{Fsf] kl/jf/df sf]xL la/fdL k/]df s] ug'{x'G5 <-k|fyldstf cg';f/ gDa/ n]Vg]_ @=! 3/fo;L pkrf/ ug]{ @=@ wfdL, emfFqmL, k'hf/L sxfF nfg] @=# cf}iflw k;ndf hfg] @=$ :Jf:Yo rf}ls jf c:ktfndf hfg] @=% cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ #= olb kl/jf/df s;}nfO{ emf8fkvfnf nfu]df s] ug'{x'G5 < -k|fyldstf cg';f/ gDa/ n]Vg]_ #=! hLjghn v'jfpg] #=@ 3/fo;L pkrf/ ug]{ #=# wfdL, emf+qmL jf k'hf/L sxfF hfg] #=$ cf}iflw k;ndf hfg] #=% :jf:Yo rf}ls jf c:ktfndf hfg]
15 #=^ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_======$= ut Ps jif{leq kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? tnsf /f]ux? dWo] s'g s'g /f]uaf6 lj/fdL eP< -df]la{l8l6 sf] l:ylt_ %= tkfO{sf] kl/jf/df kfgLhGo lgDglnlvt ;?jf /f]uaf6 sf]lx lj/fdL k/]sf] lyof]< tnsf] tflnsfdf ;+Vof pNn]v ug'{;\ .
% jif{ d'lgsf jflif{s qm= ;+= /f]u dlxnf k'?if afnaflnsf vr{ ?= ! emf8fkvfnf @ cfpF # h'sf $ 6fO{kmfO{8 % x}hf ^ 5fnf ;DaGwL /f]u & cf}nf]/f]u -dn]l/of_ * sdnlkQ -h08L;_ ( cGo hDdf ^= ut Ps jif{leq tkfO{sf kl/jf/df sf]xL emf8f kvfnf tyf kfgLhGo cGo ;?jf /f]ux?af6 d[To' ePsf] 5 < -d[To' cj:yf_ /f]u % jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsf dlxnf k'?if emf8f kvfnf cfpF kfgLhGo cGo ;?jf /f]ux? hDdf
&= ut Ps jif{leq tkfO{Fsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ emf8fkvfnf / kfgLhGo cGo ;?jf /f]ux?sf] pkrf/df slt /sd vr{ ug'{ eof] < Vfr{ /sd -?=df_ /f]u @))) ;Dd @))!—#))) #))!—%))) %))) eGbf dfly emf8fkvfnf kfgLhGo cGo ;?jf /f]ux? hDdf ;xof]usf nfuL wGojfb!
16 Governent of Nepal Ministry of Physical Planning and Works Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Secod Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitatin Sector Project Project Management Office Panipokhari, Kathmandu
Initial Environmental Examination for Baglung Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project, Baglung District Batch I (Package II) (ADB Grant-0157 (NEP)
TERMS OF REFERENCE
December, 2010 SSTWSSSP: Baglung Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project ToR for IEE
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ADB : Asian Development Bank amsl : Above Mean Seal Level DI : Ductile Iron Dia. : Diameter DWSS : Department of Water Supply and Sewerage DSC : Design and Supervision Consultant EDC : Engineering Design Consultant EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EPA : Environmental Protection Act EPR : Environmental Protection Rule GI : Galvanised Iron GoN : Government of Nepal HDPE : High Density Polyethylene Pipe HHs : Households IEE : Initial Environmental Examination lpcd : Liter per capita per day lps : Litre per second MPPW : Ministry of Physical Planning and Works NDWQS : National Drinking Water Quality Standard NEA : Nepal Electricity Authority NGO : Non-government Office Nrs. : Nepalese Rupees O&M : Operation and Maintenance OD : Outer diameter PMC : Project Management Consultant PMO : Project Management Office SSTWSSSP : Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project TDF : Town Development Fund VAT : Value Added Tax VDC : Village Development Committee WHO : World Health Organisation WSSDO : Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office WUSC : Water User’s and Sanitation Committee
1 SSTWSSSP: Baglung Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project ToR for IEE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 1 TABLE OF CONTENT 2
CHAPTER I NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE INSTITUTION PREPARNG THE PROJECT ...... 3 CHAPTER II BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION OF THE ROJECT ...... 4 2.1 RELEVANCY OF THE PROJECT ...... 4 2.2 BACKGROUD AND DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...... 5 2.3 BASELINE CONDITION OF THE PROJECT ...... 8 2.3.1 Water Supply System ...... 8 2.3.2 Sanitation System...... 8 2.3.3 Solid Waste Management System ...... 9 CHAPTER III PROCEDURES TO BE ADOPTED WHILE PREPARING THE REPORT ...... 11 3.1 GENERAL METHODOLOGY ...... 11 3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ...... 12 3.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL ASSESSMENT ...... 12 CHAPTER IV POLICIES, LAWS, RULES, AND DIRECTIVES ...... 13 CHAPTER V TIME, ESTIMATED BUDGET AND SPECIALISTS REQUIRED ...... 14 5.1 TIME ...... 14 5.2 ESTIMATED BUDGET ...... 14 5.3 SPECIALISTS REQUIRED ...... 14 CHAPTER VI ANTICIPATED IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ON ENVIRONMENT ...... 15 6.1 PHYSICAL IMPACTS ...... 15 6.2 BIOLOGICAL IMPACTS ...... 15 6.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AD CULTURAL IMPACTS ...... 16 CHAPTER VII ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT ...... 17 CHAPTER VIII MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 18 CHAPTER IX MATTERS TO BE MONITORED WHILE IMPLEMENTING THE PROJECT ...... 19 9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 19 9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ...... 19 9.3 INFORATION DISCLOSURE, PUBLC CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ...... 20 9.4 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 21 CHAPTER X REPORT ...... 22 CHAPTER XI RELEVANT INFORMATION ...... 23
2 SSTWSSSP: Baglung Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project ToR for IEE
CHAPTER I NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE INSTITUTION PREPARNG THE PROJECT
The Environment Protection Regulations of 1997 (amended in 2007) mentions that a ToR for an IEE is required.
This ToR is prepared to carry out Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of Baglung Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project in Baglung District. The project proponent, STWSSSP of Government of Nepal, Ministry Of Physical Panning and Works. Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) is responsible for the preparation of IEE report.
Name of Proponent: Project Management Office Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Ministry of Physical Panning and Works Government of Nepal
Address of the Proponent: Panipokari, Kathmandu Tel: 977 1 442388, 977 1 4412348 Fax: 977 1 4413280 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.sstwsssp.gov.np
3 SSTWSSSP: Baglung Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project ToR for IEE
CHAPTER II BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION OF THE ROJECT
2.1 RELEVANCY OF THE PROJECT
It is required to carry out environmental analysis of the project considering provisions mentioned in the Environmental Protection Act 1997 and Environmental protection Regulations 1997 (Amendments 1999 and 2007). The EPA (1997) and The EPR (1997 as amended, 1998), recommend/ mandate EIA, IEE studies depending upon the nature of the water supply schemes (EPR, 1997, Rule 3 and Annex 1 and 2). The revised environmental rules published on 20sept, 2007 is also used to determine the criteria for the IEE or EIA of the project.
The proposed Baglung Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project supplies water to more than 5000 but less than 50,000 populations by augmentation of new water sources from Dodiya Khola and Bhundi Khola and treat less than 25lps flow, (the treatment plant already built in the existing Resha system, existing flow is not in consideration for environmental issues). The project does not involve construction of any tunnels; relocation of people or households, and construction of river training works is not required.
The following table compares the status of the project against criteria defined by EPA and EPR for which a drinking water project would require an IEE or EIA.
a. The Supply drinking water from new source for design population An IEE is required. 28,451 (i.e. between 5,000 to 50,000), criteria satisfy but the system is augmentation of flow and rehabilitation one. b. Augmentation of new water source in existing system population The scheme is new one. 28,451 (i.e. between 10,000 to 100,000), the system is augmentation of flow. c. Treatment/ processing system and its capacity is 18.75 lps An IEE is required. augmentation discharge, its capacity is less than 25 litres per second. The existing system has treatment plant already for 17.25 lps flow. d. Project Cost. The scheme cost is estimated Nrs. An IEE is required. 223,024,460.32 (excluding all types of taxes) Nrs. 277,219,404.00 (including all types of taxes) (IEE required when the project cost is in between 50 million to 250 million rupees). The scheme is rehabilitation one with source augmentation. e. The project location in relation to environmental sensitive area. No environmental assessment (IEE The scheme will not be located in any defined protected area or or EIA) is required environmental sensitive area. f. Displacement of people. The scheme is unlikely to displace the No environmental assessment (IEE people. or EIA) is required g. Construction of water conveyance tunnel Not applicable- no environmental assessment (IEE or EIA) is required h. Recharging groundwater aquifer for the purpose of developing Not applicable- no environmental groundwater resources assessment (IEE or EIA) is required
Considering this, it is required to conduct IEE study as per the GoN/ EPR.
4 SSTWSSSP: Baglung Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project ToR for IEE
2.2 BACKGROUD AND DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
Baglung is the district head quarter of the Baglung district in Dhaulagiri Zone of Western Development Region of Nepal. Baglung Municipality, the project site, is linked with Pokhara, the regional head quarter, by Bhupi Sherchan (Pokhara - Baglung) Rajmarg with all-weather black topped road and also with Beni - Jomsom Road. It is also linked with Baglung - Burrtibang Road.The town is about 73km away towards west of Pokhara and is located at 28°16’ N Latitude and 83°36' E Longitude. The elevation of service area site is about 1000m above mean sea level (amsl). The town lies in the west from the famous Kali Gandaki river bridge.
The climate of the project area is sub-tropical and mild temperate. There are several rain gauge station and climatological station in Baglung district. The station no.0605 is situated at Baglung Bazaar. The required data from this station is used for the project. The mean monthly temperature is 21.42°C. The average mean annual rainfall is 1,994. 3mm, which is significantly higher than 1,400mm, the average precipitation of Nepal.
The ward no, tole / villages of Baglung municipality included in the service area are all settlements (Ramrekha, Bhagbati road, Lampata) of Ward no. 1; all settlements (Rudre Pipal, Maajhkot, Kalika road, Mahendra path, Shreenagar tole, Barpipal, Shiva Dhara tole, Barrack road) of Ward no. 2; all settlements (Kinara tole, Kampu tole, Naubise tole, Guthi, Naya Bazaar, Chipleti, Srijana road) of Ward no. 3; Bazaar area, Sundal Bazaar, Gaudakot, Downstream of ADB road (Ward no. 4); Deurali Chowk to Simle of Khahare (Ward no. 5) and Upallachaur, Dungdunga (Ward no. 11).
The present permanent population in the service area is 15,092 and rental is 13,243. According to the social survey, there are 2,608 households (HHs) in the proposed service area. The projected permanent population at the end of design year 2027 from this survey year 2010 (1 year survey and design + 2 year construction + 15 years project life) has been calculated to be as 28,451 with average annual growth rate of 3.80%.
The project comprises with two major components. The first component is water supply services which include development of new water supply project, construction of water treatment facilities and storage tanks/ service reservoir, expansion of transmission and distribution systems in required extent. The second component is sanitation services, which include public toilets, sludge drying bed for septic tank and sludge disposal is to be provided in the town through an integrated approach. The solid waste management activities, construction of drainage system in the town core area and provision of Output Based Aid (OBA) to the service providers are also included in the town project.
The project details have been presented in Salient Features:
5 SSTWSSSP: Baglung Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project ToR for IEE
SALIENT FEATURES
1. Project Name: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
2. Scheme Name: Baglung Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project, Baglung
3. Service Area: Includes the following settlements of Baglung municipality:
• Ward no. 1: All settlements (Ramrekha, Bhagbati road, Lampata) • Ward no. 2: All settlements (Rudre Pipal, Maajhkot, Kalika road, Mahendra path, Shreenagar tole, Barpipal, Shiva Dhara tole, Barrack road) • Ward no. 3: All settlements (Kinara tole, Kampu tole, Naubise tole, Guthi, Naya Bazaar, Chipleti, Srijana road) • Ward no. 4: Bazaar area, Sundal Bazaar, Gaudakot, Downstream of ADB road • Ward no. 5: Deurali Chowk to Simle of Khahare • Ward no. 11: Upallachaur, Dungdunga
4. Scheme Type: Gravity System 5. Designed Flow (lps): 35.86 but 36 (adopted) Flow Tapped From Existing WS System Resha: 16 lps
Flow Tapped From Proposed New Source Dodiya: 13.90 lps Bhundi: 6.10 lps
6. Source Discharge Measurement: Dodiya 50lps and Bhundi 30lps in dry season 7. Design Period: 15 years (1 year survey, design, 3 years construction and 15 years design period). 8. Household No. - Survey Year: 2,608 9. Growth Rate: 3.80% per annum. 10. Population: Survey Year 2010 Base Year 2013 Design Year 2027 15,092 16,879 28,451 11. Water Demand at design year (lpd) Domestic: 2,560,615 Non-domestic demand (adopt 10 % of domestic demand, which includes rental population demand, Institutional demand, Industrial/ Commercial demand, filter backwash demand, fire demand etc.) 256,062 Leakage and wastage (10%): 281,668 Total: 3,098,344
12. Structures required Intake Type Stream Intake (no.) 2 Collection chamber 2 Total pipe length (m) 77,655.82
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Transmission main (m) 17,785.85 Distribution main, new (m) 57,029.45 Distribution main, existing used (m) 2,840.43 Pipe Size Transmission Main HDPE (6kg/cm2), mm 50-125 GI (M ), (mm) 100 DI (mm) 200 -250
Distribution main HDPE (6 or 10 kg/cm2), (mm) 50- 160 GI (M ), (mm) 40 -100 Sedimentation tank (no.) 1 Roughening filter (no.) 1 Slow sand filter (no.) 1 Service reservoir (no./ cum) existing 2 & new 1 (500/ 500/ 100) Control valve chamber (no.) 59 Washout/ Air Valve/ Junction Valve Chamber (no.) 9 GI Pipe Crossing (no.) 6 Community tap stand post in 1% of total HH (No) 5 HH and Institutional tap connection (no.) 2,689 WUSC building cum Laboratory ((no.) 1 Break pressure chamber (no.) 2 Suspended cable crossing (no.) 2 Boundary wall (m) 580 Transmission pipe rehabilitation (m) 2000 Rehabilitation of Sundanda reservoir 1 Rehabilitation of Ratamata reservoir 1 Slow sand filter for existing system (no) 1
13. Type of tap connection (% of the total house hold during design year): Fully plumbed: 85.20% Yard connection: 14.25% Community tap: 0.55%
14. Estimated project cost for water supply component (Nrs.) as per district rate 2067-2068: Total (including 5 % contingencies and 13% VAT): 227,219,404.00
15. Overall Sanitation Component Cost (Nrs.) after Conceptual Design as per district rate 2067-2068 Sewer system with treatment plant 445,838,636.05 Surface drainage 261,812,187.50
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2.3 BASELINE CONDITION OF THE PROJECT
2.3.1 Water Supply System
There exist two water supply systems, which serve Baglung Bazaar and villages connected with Baglung Bazaar. The first water supply system is Resha khola and the second is Rithe Khola. The first system was designed for 21 lps flow and second system was for 3 lps. However, at present Resha khola supplies 12 lps (the flow can be increased up to 17 lps after protection of intake and rehabilitation of transmission main in Valley portion) and Rithe khola supplies 1.5 lps into the service reservoir. The WUSC has been operating both systems.
The Resha Khola intake is located at Resha VDC. In this system, the pipeline is exposed above the ground in some places and is damaged which need to be replaced. Another existing Rithe khola source is located at Tityang VDC. This system has been discarded in the new system because it has less flow and requires replacement of transmission pipeline, which require large amount of extra fund.
There are other small water supply systems for the village area of ward no. 5. The sources have minimum flow and require separate treatment plant. Hence, these small sources were also discarded in the new system.
At present, WSSDO is constructing treatment plant at upstream of Sundanda reservoir for existing Resha system. There are three reservoirs in the existing systems at different locations. They are having 500cum, 500cum and 42 cum.
The daily water supply schedule has been fixed from 6 AM to 9 AM and 4 PM to 6:30 PM. However, people are getting water in alternate day only due to the water leakages from collection chamber constructed near intake. The water at source has been decreased this year rapidly than previous years. The distribution system is not functioning properly. The settlements of downstream are fetching more water than the settlements of upstream.
The Baglung WS system has 2416 private taps, 22 public taps, 52 Government office connection, 69 Institutional taps and 2 Community tap. The public taps serve the water to the community of those houses who have no private connections.
The present system covers about 85% of whole service area. Based upon source discharge (17 lps) and beneficiaries, the average water consumption per capita is assumed to be about 54.15 liters per day. But, the exact consumption is very less than that due to the leakage at the reservoir. Hence, exact quantity of water consumption could not be obtained at present.
2.3.2 Sanitation System
The sanitary condition of the Baglung municipality / community is satisfactory. There is no sewerage system in the proposed service area. Almost all households in the urban areas have their own latrine with septic tanks. Similarly, private toilet with septic tank has been constructed in some households in rural area also. Such toilet with septic tank has been constructed in more than 90% HHs of Baglung municipality. People of the service area are much more aware in sanitation. There is no public toilet in the community.
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There is surface drainage facility in core bazaar area to dispose storm water. The roadside drains are situated on both side of the road in the core area. But its capacity is limited. Therefore, there is a major problem during monsoon due to the insufficient capacity of existing drainage to drain out the runoff water coming from the upstream hill forest to the town. During rain, people also open their septic tank and foul spread over the town. The road side drains are situated on both side of the road in core area.
The health and hygiene status of the community people is satisfactory. The very common water borne diseases like typhoid, diarrhea, jaundice, and dysentery are the incidents noticed in the community people periodically.
2.3.3 Solid Waste Management System
There is not any garbage disposal system in the service area. The households' questionnaire showed that 46.7% households have practice of throwing waste in pit near the house whereas remaining reported in public places. With rapid urbanization of the town, the solid waste problem is becoming a major problem in the area.
The location of the project area and service area of Baglung Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project is provided on Dwg: BA - 01
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PROJECT LOCATION MAP
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CHAPTER III
PROCEDURES TO BE ADOPTED WHILE PREPARING THE REPORT
3.1 GENERAL METHODOLOGY
The IEE approach, methodology and procedure should generally follow the provisions of the EPA & EPR and related national and sectoral guidelines. The approach /methodology to be used for conducting the IEE include review of literature, simple survey/ inspections/ observations making simple measurements, discussion with communities and other stakeholders, and IEE team judgment.
a. Literature review: published and unpublished readily available relevant information should be reviewed. The potential sources of information include, but not limited to; topographical maps, publications of DDC, District Forest Office, District Soil Conservation Office, District Agriculture Office, District Irrigation Office, District Water Supply Office, District Livestock Services Office, and NGOs. Moreover, the reports related to scheme (e.g. Feasibility Study Report, consultation report and any other relevant report) should be considered in preparing IEE report.
b. Walk-through survey: The IEE team will walk-through the service area, scheme component sites and visit the significant environmental features in the probable influence area, and make necessary measurements, inspect/ observe and discuss it with the local stakeholders.
c. Focus Group Discussion (FGD): The team conduct shall consult with the local communities and other stakeholders, and organize FGD with them.
The project proponent shall adopt the methodology in following sequence of activities to accomplish the assignment.
• Complete the Rapid Assessment Checklist for each subproject. It should cover water supply, sewerage, solid waste and urban development sub-projects. • Prepare a comprehensive database on the corridor of influence on the physical, biological and socio-economic environment. • Secondary data will have to be collected from published and unpublished reports, maps, aerial photographs, newspaper articles, etc. from different Governmental and non-governmental organisations. • Questionnaires/checklists/matrices for collection of primary data will be prepared for both the physical, biological and socio-economic assessments. • The Consultant will provide a description of relevant parts of the Project, using maps with appropriate scale and photographs and aerial photos where necessary, including the following information: location, alignment and alternatives, design standards, pre-construction activities, construction activities, post-construction activities, work schedule, staffing and support facilities and services. • Information on mitigation costs associated with construction activities (during design, construction and operation and maintenance activities) should also be included.
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3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
The IEE should consider the likely environmental consequences that may arise as a result of the proposed upgrading/ improvement during the construction as well as operation periods. The existing environmental constraints and potential impacts in the Project area have to be studied through field surveys, complemented by secondary information from reports and interviews with a number of government officials, representatives of NGOs and International Organisations’ (IOs) supported projects and researches.
The Consultant will collect primary and secondary data, evaluate them and describe the relevant environmental characteristics of the area along the pipeline routes and its corridor of influence, including the following information:
(a) Physical Environment: topography, soils, climate and meteorology, geology, surface and ground water hydrology, noise, air and water quality
(b) Biological Environment: flora, fauna, rare and endangered species, religious trees and sensitive habitats (including parks or reserves)
The Consultant will develop all necessary documents for field visit and collect data with the help of the survey team. It is suggested that the IEE team go to the field and work as a team and not dispersed at different times.
3.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL ASSESSMENT
Socio-economic and cultural assessment of the projects shall be carried out to determine the implications (issues) in terms of assumed positive and negative impacts related to location, design, construction and operation. Since preparation and actual implementation of the construction activities will create some nuisance and inconvenience for the communities in the area, these impacts have to be duly considered.
Primary data should be obtained through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with communities along the pipeline routes under consideration. Additional data should be collected from the various Committees (VDCs, DDCs, NGOs, community groups etc.) through whose territory the respective pipe alignments pass.
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CHAPTER IV
POLICIES, LAWS, RULES, AND DIRECTIVES
Since the proposed project has to comply with the national legislation besides other relevant legislations, the Consultant shall describe the pertinent regulations and standards that govern environmental quality, health and safety, protection of sensitive areas and endangered species etc. at international, regional, district, VDC and Ward levels.
Nepal is a signatory to many international conventions, including those concerning habitat, bio- diversity and cultural heritage protection. These issues should be considered during the IEE and their avoidance/ mitigation measures should be identified.
The IEE should also be conducted in compliance with the following GoN Acts, Regulations and Guidelines:
• First Amendment to the Environment Protection Regulations, 2066 (1999) • Policy Guidelines of Ninth Five Year Plan, HMG/N, Planning Commission, 2055 (1998) • 2055/56 Fiscal Policy Guidelines, Ministry of Finance, HMG/N, 2055 (1998) • Environment Protection Regulations, 2054 (1997) • Draft EIA Guidelines for the Road Sector, 2054 (1997) • Environment Protection Act, 2053 (1997) • EIA Guidelines for the Forestry Sector, 2052 (1995) • National EIA Guidelines, 2050 (1993) • Forest Act, 2049 and Forest Regulations, 2050 • Land Acquisition Act, 2034
The IEE will also take into consideration ADB’s “Safeguard Policy Statement” (SPS 2009).
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CHAPTER V TIME, ESTIMATED BUDGET AND SPECIALISTS REQUIRED
5.1 TIME
After the approval of the ToR, it is expected that the approximate time needed to complete the final IEE report will be 6 weeks as follows:
ACTIVITY DURATION
1. Desk-top study 1 week
2. Field study 2 weeks
3. Data compilation 1 week
4. Draft IEE Report 1 week
5. Final IEE Report 1 week
5.2 ESTIMATED BUDGET
A budget of approximately Rs. 300,000.00 will be required to complete the IEE for the Project.
5.3 SPECIALISTS REQUIRED
The IEE study requires a multidisciplinary team of specialists/experts for the bio-physical and socio- economic and cultural assessments. The following team is proposed:
• Environmental Specialist • Geologist • Botanist/Forester • Sociologist • Water Supply and Sanitary Engineer
Three to four enumerators will also be required to help the team. The IEE team will also benefit from the inputs provided by the design team.
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CHAPTER VI ANTICIPATED IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ON ENVIRONMENT
The impacts shall be identified mainly for the two activities i.e. project construction and post construction (O&M) phase on the existing physical, biological and socio-economic resources. A distinction will have to be made between potentially significant positive & adverse impacts, direct & indirect impacts. The impacts shall be characterized as i) low, high & medium in terms of magnitude, ii) long term, short term & medium term in terms of duration and iii) site specific, local & regional/national in terms of extent. As a part of the study, enhancement of the positive impacts shall also be carried out. The potential physical, biological and socio-economic impacts should be considered as follows:
6.1 PHYSICAL IMPACTS
a. Land: The study shall consider the possible changes in the land use pattern of the area in relation to landslide, erosion, and environmental aesthetics degradation. Moreover, the study shall also consider compensation for the acquired land if any.
b. Water: The study shall consider the possibility of negative impacts on surface water, ground water, wastewater problems and obstruction to natural drainage. Apart from this, the study shall also focus on the source dispute and water use conflicts if any.
c. Air & Noise: The potential deterioration in ambient air quality and noise & vibration disturbance during the construction and operation phases shall be considered to recommend the mitigation measures.
d. Soil & Geology: The IEE study should consider the degradation in the soils and geological status of the project area due to the project and its associated activities. The consequences of the erosion and landslides due to the project shall also be studied.
e. Hydrology: The IEE study shall cover changes in river hydrology as a result of project implementation along with the consequences (adverse or positive) resulted from the project. In addition, the riparian flow as well as minimum discharge of the river /water source after abstraction of the design flow will be studied in accordance with the requirements of the environmental flow envisaged by the acts and regulations.
f. Others: The study also consider other applicable parameters, such as: quarry site impact, spoil disposal impact, waste materials disposal impact etc., identified during the study. In addition to this, cumulative impacts shall also be considered during the identification of the impacts of the project on the natural settings of the environment.
6.2 BIOLOGICAL IMPACTS
a. Flora (Forest & Terrestrial Vegetation): The study shall consider the possible changes in forest cover/forest clearance, extinction of rare and endangered species of floral species, timber exploitation, firewood extraction etc. due to the project activities in order to assess the losses to the vegetation and to suggest suitable mitigation measures.
b. Wildlife and Terrestrial Fauna: The study also consider the change in the terrestrial wildlife, avi-fauna and aquatic life including fish, extinction of rare and endangered species, loss of habitat, sensitive habitat, migratory routes, construction disturbances, hunting and poaching by
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workforce, destruction of spawning and rearing of ground of fish, impact on fishermen etc. due to the project.
c. Others: Other applicable parameters, if any, such as permanent disturbances to the vegetation coverage, local wildlife, fish migration, fish entrainment, and riparian release etc. identified during the study shall be incorporated in the report along with their cumulative effects on the environment.
6.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AD CULTURAL IMPACTS
The socio-economic and cultural impacts can be wide ranging in their nature. So the study shall incorporate the factors like; livelihood, infrastructure & access, cultural sites, sanitation & wastes, occupational health and safety impact, land acquisition and compensation impact, Impact on women and vulnerable, impact on local economy, migration problem, resettlement & rehabilitation problems, slum creation hazard, impact on education, law and order problem, generation of employment, impacts due to influx of workers and resulting cultural differences hazards.
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CHAPTER VII ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT
The alternative analysis of the project shall be conducted during the study to minimize the possible negative environmental impacts. Alternative measures to the proposed project to meet the same project objectives will have to be described in following aspects:
• Project Location (setting) • Design • Technology choice • Construction techniques • Operation and Maintenance.
Alternatives in terms of potential environmental impacts, capital and operating costs and institutional training and monitoring requirements should be described. Costs and benefits of each alternative should be quantified (wherever possible); incorporating the estimated costs of any associated mitigation measures. The no project option is always open.
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CHAPTER VIII MITIGATION MEASURES
The mitigation measures for adverse potential impacts due to location, design, construction and post-construction will have to be proposed during the preparation of IEE report for all the perceived impacts to minimize the environmental impacts of project implementation after the prediction of extent, magnitude and duration of the impacts. Mitigation measures will have to be incorporated from the planning stage onwards. In general the following area shall be covered while preparing mitigation measures:
a. Project Design phase
b. Project construction phase
c. Project operation and maintenance phase
Concerned agencies like STWSSSP, DWSS, WUSC and local agencies, Local administration, police office shall be consulted during the implementation of mitigation measures. The proponent is required to prepare Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and these measures should be outlined in the EMP in order to implement the proposed measures during the project implementation.
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CHAPTER IX MATTERS TO BE MONITORED WHILE IMPLEMENTING THE PROJECT
9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The project proponent has to develop an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to systematically manage all the perceived environmental impacts of the project. It shall be therefore based on the mitigation measures for the project induced impacts. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has a dual purpose. It is designed to monitor the contractor’s work during project implementation. It helps to check contractual compliance with specified mitigation measures. It also helps in making periodic checks on the actual environmental impacts of the Project over the years following completion of the works, and compares these with those impacts anticipated at the time of Project appraisal. The EMP therefore provides the necessary feedback required for correcting potentially serious Project deficiencies, and for planning of other projects.
The EMP shall include the responsibilities of different stakeholders based on preliminary plans and schedules. This program shall include measures required during the project design, construction and operational phases and shall include recommendations on allocation of components of the EMP to the various parties involved. Feasible and cost-effective measures to prevent/mitigate/reduce significant negative impacts should be recommended in an Environmental Management Plan. The impacts and costs associated with implementing the measures will have to be detailed. The EMP will include proposed work programs, budget estimates, schedules, staffing and training requirements and other support services to implement the mitigating measures.
9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
The project will develop Environmental Monitoring Program for the pre-construction, construction and post construction activities of the project. The program will evaluate: (i) the extent and severity of the adverse environmental impacts as compared to what was predicted, (ii) how effective the mitigating measures were and compliance with the regulations and the (iii) overall effectiveness of the EMP.
The environmental monitoring of the project includes field supervision and reporting of project activities prior to and during the project construction and operation in order to ensure that the works are being carried out in accordance to the approved design and that the environmental mitigation measures are fully implemented in accordance with the EMP. A monitoring system will be developed involving i) front line monitoring ii) monitoring by the government line agencies or independent monitors and iii) auditing through the involvement of government agencies, donor agencies and independent auditors.
The EDC will prepare progress reports on EMP implementation and submits to relevant agencies on regular basis. The Division Office will oversee the environmental monitoring activities undertaken by EDC.
The construction and operation phase monitoring of the mitigating measures will mainly consider the following impacts due to:
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1. Construction Phase: Soil erosion, sedimentation and slope stabilization; spoil-tip protection and management; stock taking of species of urban vegetation during vegetation clearance along pipeline alignments and re-plantation; change in hydrology and morphology of streams and rivers; water, air and noise (vibration) pollution; solid waste; land intake and compensation; reinstatement of damaged structures and services; crime and community stress; health, safety and sanitation of the work force and camps; archaeological and cultural sites and chance finds; and traffic management.
2. Operation Phase: Discharge of industrial wastes to wastewater treatment systems; wastewater treatment operations; sludge disposal; quality of drinking water supplies; pipe flushing and wastewater release to receiving waters.
9.3 INFORATION DISCLOSURE, PUBLC CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION
Public consultation is the process of exchanging information with those persons and organisations with a legitimate interest in a project and/or who are likely to be affected by the project (stakeholders). It is a two-way process that informs and involves the community in developing a project, and informs the proponent about issues and concerns, which can then be addressed in project design. Information disclosure involves stakeholders in monitoring the development and implementation of a project and fosters openness in decision-making by presenting documents and other project materials for public scrutiny.
The consultation and disclosure involves consultation with stakeholders at an early stage of project preparation, and throughout project implementation. As a minimum, stakeholders will be consulted regarding the scope of the environmental study before work has commenced in earnest, and should then be informed about the likely impacts of the project and proposed mitigation once the draft IEE report is under preparation. The report should record the views of stakeholders and indicate how these have been taken into account in project development.
Information is disclosed through public consultation and more formally by making documents and other materials available in a form and at a location in which they can be easily accessed by stakeholders. This normally involves making draft reports available (in the local language) at public locations in the community and providing a mechanism for the receipt of comments and making documents available more widely.
Public consultation and involvement should be given highest priority in the implementation of mitigation measures. Public consultation should take place and on the basis of decision of the consultation meeting, implementation of mitigation measures should be prioritized and should be carried out with the involvement of the local people.
Monitoring is one of the components of EMP. The results of monitoring should also be disclosed in the form of demonstration, charts, figures, graphs, and samples, etc., to the local people, school students and other interested stakeholders. In the process of compliance monitoring of the project construction, local people and construction workers should be consulted.
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9.4 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM
The Grievance Redress Mechanism as proposed in the Resettlement Plan is also relevant here. The Division Office will be responsible to address the issues and problems raised by the local communities regarding the loss of assets, water and sanitation etc. during the implementation of the project. The Division Office shall ask the Environment Specialist of the EDC to assist in the handling of grievances and the community level stakeholders should be encouraged to help in the handling of grievances at the project sites.
The affected person / community will submit grievances / complaints to the Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office (WSSDO). The WSSDO will try to solve the grievance at the project level. If the grievance cannot be solved at the project level, WSSDO will forward it to Director General (DG)’s Office at Kathmandu.
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CHAPTER X REPORT
The IEE report shall be prepared as per this ToR. The IEE report, whenever applicable, shall contain maps, graphs, photographs, tables and matrix. The format of report will be in accordance with be in accordance with Schedule 5 of EPR. However, the IEE report should include the following:
1. Executive summary (in English and Nepali) 2. Table of contents 3. List of tables 4. List of figures/photographs 5. Appendices 6. List of Abbreviations 7. Acknowledgement 8. Introduction 9. Name and address of the institution preparing the report o Summary of the proposed and objective and relevancy 10. Description of project 11. Description of the environment 12. Anticipated environmental impacts and mitigation measures (construction and operation stage) 13. Analysis of alternatives with and without project situations 14. Matters to be monitored while implementing the project: o Information disclosure, consultation, and participation o Grievance and redress mechanism o Environmental management and monitoring plan 15. Other necessary matters: Review of policies, laws, rules, directives and guidelines 16. Findings and recommendations 17. References 18. Annexes
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CHAPTER XI RELEVANT INFORMATION
The project will collect primary and secondary data, evaluate them and describe the relevant environmental characteristics of the area along the proposed alignment and its corridor of influence, including the following information: • General socio-economic conditions, • Population and demography, • Land use pattern of the project area, • Planned development activities, • Community structure, • Government services, • Employment, • Distribution of income and source of livelihood, • Goods and services produced, • Water supply, • Public health, • Education, • Extension services, • Religious, cultural sites and heritage, • Tribal people, • Customs, • Aspirations and attitudes, • Expected water users and those benefiting from it, • Different needs and demands of VDCs, • Social infrastructures including industries and commercial establishments, • Occupational health and safety (OHS), • Resettlement and rehabilitation and • The present Quality of Life (QoL) etc.
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