DOCSLIB.ORG

Le Développement Durable

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Le Développement Durable Couv Rapport GB_2010 18/05/11 16:20 Page1 2010 Annual report 2010 Annual report Document de Référence Shanghai TABLE OF CONTENTS COMPANY OVERVIEW 3 Financial highlights 4 The year 2010 6 The outdoor advertising industry 9 One business, three segments 18 Our advertisers 37 Sustainable development 39 Research and development 52 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 54 Management discussion and analysis of group consolidated financial statements 55 Consolidated financial statements and notes 65 Management discussion and analysis of corporate financial statements 123 Corporate financial statements and notes 125 LEGAL INFORMATION 146 Corporate governance, internal control and risk management 147 Shareholders and trading information 174 Share capital 181 Other legal information 184 COMBINED ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS, 11 MAY 2011 201 Agenda 202 Summary of proposed resolutions 203 Proposed resolutions 205 OTHER INFORMATION 221 Statutory auditors’ reports 222 Person responsible for the Annual Report and Persons responsible for the audit of the financial statements 230 Incorporation by reference In accordance with Article 28 of EU Regulation n°809/2004 dated 29 April 2004, the reader is referred to previous “Documents de référence” containing certain information: 1. Relating to fiscal year 2009: - The Management Discussion and Analysis and consolidated financial statements, including the statutory auditors’ report, set forth in the “Document de référence” filed on 16 April 2010 under number D 10-0283 (pages 57 to 124 and 224 to 225, respectively). - The corporate financial statements of JCDecaux SA, their analysis, including the statutory auditors’ report, set forth in the “Document de référence” filed on 16 April 2010 under number D. 10-0283 (pages 125 to 145 and 226 to 227, respectively). - The statutory auditors’ special report on regulated agreements with certain related parties, set forth in the “Document de référence” filed on 16 April 2010 under number D. 10-0283 (page 229). 2. Relating to fiscal year 2008: - The Management Discussion and Analysis and consolidated financial statements, including the statutory auditors’ report, set forth in the “Document de référence” filed on 10 April 2009 under number D.09-0229 (pages 51 to 117 and 213, respectively). - The corporate financial statements of JCDecaux SA, their analysis, including the statutory auditors’ report, set forth in the “Document de référence” filed on 10 April 2009 under number D.09-0229 (pages 118 to 141 and 214, respectively). - The statutory auditors’ special report on regulated agreements with certain related parties, set forth in the “Document de référence” filed on 10 April 2009 under number D.09-0229 (page 216). 1 2 COMPANY OVERVIEW Financial highlights 4 The year 2010 6 Our contracts 6 Partnerships, acquisitions and reorganisations 8 The outdoor advertising industry 9 Segments of the outdoor advertising industry 9 Outdoor advertising: an increasingly relevant communication channel 9 Competitive environment 15 One business, three segments 18 Our strategy 18 Street Furniture 19 Transport 26 Billboard 33 Our advertisers 37 Key advertisers 37 Characteristics of advertising contracts 38 JCDecaux OneWorld: serving our international advertisers 38 Sustainable development 39 Human resources 40 Relations with customers and suppliers 45 Relations with the community 46 Protecting the environmental policy 47 Carbon policy policypolicy 50 Research and development 52 3 FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 2010 REVENUES BY REGION North America Rest of the world 8 % 4 % United Kingdom 12 % Europe (1) Asia-Pacific 33 % 18 % France 25 % (1) Excluding France and the United Kingdom REVENUES BY BUSINESS OPERATING MARGIN BY BUSINESS (in € million, segment’s share in %) (in € million, segment’s share in %) 2 350.0 555 2 168.6 550 1 918.8 Street Furniture 1 063.5 934.3 1 147.0 392 555 Street Furniture 397 298 376 49 % 49 % 49 % 72 % 76 % 68 % Transport 629.0 29 % 589.6 31 % 777.6 33 % 21 % Transport 82 15 % 56 115 476.1 394.9 425.4 14 % 22 % 20 % 18 % Billboard 71 13 % 38 64 11 % Billboard 10 % 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 In 2010, the Group’s revenue increased by 22.5% to Operating margin(1) increased by 41.7% to €555.4 million from €2,350.0 million. Excluding acquisitions and the impact of foreign €392.0 million in 2009. Operating margin as a percentage of exchange, organic revenue growth was 9.1%. Street Furniture consolidated revenue was 23.6%, up 320 basis points compared to revenues were €1,147.0 million, a increase of 22.8%. Excluding the prior period (2009: 20.4%), reflecting strong operating leverage acquisitions and the impact of foreign exchange, organic revenue in 2010. growth was 7.3%. Transport revenues grew by 31.9% to (1) Operating margin: Revenue less Direct operating expenses (excluding Maintenance €777.6 million. Excluding acquisitions and the impact of foreign spare parts) less SG&A expenses. exchange, organic revenue growth was 15.6%. Billboard revenues increased by 7.7% to €425.4 million. Excluding acquisitions and the impact of foreign exchange, organic revenue growth was 3.8%. 4 EBIT BY BUSINESS NET INCOME GROUP SHARE (in € million, segment’s share in %) (in € million) 173 279 236 194 82 % 108 62 % 123 Street Furniture 93 174 76 % 83 Transport 30 % 17 25 54 23 % 14 % Billboard 22 8 % -5 % 10 % -12 13 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 EBIT(1) increased by 127.2% to €279.0 million, down from €122.8 million in Net income Group share increased sevenfold to €173.3 million, compared to 2009. The Group’s EBIT margin was 11.9% of consolidated revenues €24.5 million in 2009. This growth reflects principally the increase of EBIT (2009: 6.4%). and the performance of equity affiliates. (1)EBIT: Earnings Before Interests and Taxes = Operating Margin less Depreciation, amortization and provisions, less Maintenance spare parts, less impairment charges, less other operating income and expenses. FREE CASH FLOW FINANCIAL NET DEBT /EQUITY RATIO (in € million) 327 35 % 32 % 165 148 17 % 2008 2009 2010 Free cash flow(1) amounted to €327.4 million in 2010, compared to €164.8 million in 2009, reflecting the rebound in net cash flow from operating 2008 2009 2010 activities, a tight control of working capital, and lower capital expenditure. In 31 December 2010 the net debt decreased by €311.2 million to €358.8 million compared to €670.0 million as of 31 December 2009. (1) Free Cash Flow: Net cash flow from operating activities less net capital investments (tangible and intangible assets). 2010 EMPLOYEE BREAKDOWN BY EXPERTISE EMPLOYEE BREAKDOWN BY REGION 9 937 9 943 9 370 Contractual relations Research & Development (1) 5 % 1 % Europe 2 826 3 401 3 295 Administration & Informatics 14 % France 3 740 3 596 3 504 Sales & Marketing Technical 22 % 58 % Asia-Pacific 1 633 1 621 1 695 United Kingdom 646 567 651 212 204 North America 225 Rest of the world 300 540 594 2008 2009 2010 (1) Excluding France and the United Kingdom FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS > 5 THE YEAR 2010 In 2010 we continued our strategy of organic and external growth and became the number one outdoor advertising company in the world. 2010 saw a rebound in advertising spending in all markets where the Group operates. In 2010, as in 2009, the tender activity remained limited, specifically in France. Nevertheless JCDecaux won important new and renewed contracts in developed markets, such as the contracts with Aéroports de Paris or British Airport Authority or the contract to provide advertising bus shelters for Montpellier’s tramway and bus network, a contract that we lost in 2000. We were also active in fast growing markets with the gain of the Singapore Changi airport, considered as the best airport in the world in terms of passenger service or the gain of the concession for the 26 airports in Saudi Arabia. We also deployed the concept of self-service bicycle outside of Europe with the launch of the systems in Brisbane, Australia, and Toyama, Japan. Finally in January 2010, JCDecaux acquired certain assets of Titan Outdoor UK Ltd in the United Kingdom, which significantly reinforced our Transport division. 1. OUR CONTRACTS Europe . In France, we won the following public tenders: . the street furniture contract with the city of Tours (136,500 inhabitants), the Joué-les-Tours suburb (36,500 inhabitants) and the Intercommunal Transport Union of the Touraine Urban Community (SITCAT) for a 15 year period. This advertising street furniture contract covers the installation and maintenance of 222 MUPI® (free-standing information panels) and 75 large-format (8m2) Senior® billboards for Tours and Joué-les-Tours, 5 advertising columns and 5 public toilets, including 4 offering universal access for Tours. JCDecaux will also install 100 shelters for Tours’ first tramway line and 207 bus shelters for the SITCAT. through JCDecaux Aiport, the advertising contract at Bordeaux Airport for an 8 year period. Handling a total of 3.3 million passengers in 2009, Bordeaux Airport is France’s fifth largest regional airport. Innovative digital and experiential advertising networks will be set up, that will further enhance advertisers’ ability to reach audiences and will make a significant contribution to our commitment to sustainable development. through JCDecaux Aiport, the renewal of its contract to operate indoor and outdoor advertising space in Lille-Lesquin Airport for an 8 year and a half period. Handling a total of 1.14 million passengers in 2009, Lille- Lesquin Airport is France’s tenth largest airport. the contract to provide advertising bus shelters for Montpellier’s tramway and bus network for a period of 19 years and 6 months. Held by Clear Channel Outdoor for the past 10 years, the contract was signed by the Montpellier Transport Authority (TAM) on behalf of the Montpellier urban Community (France’s 19th largest conurbation with a total of 412,000 inhabitants, Montpellier : France 8th largest city).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2009 Annual Report Document De Référence
    Vienna 2009 Annual Report Document de Référence TABLE OF CONTENTS COMPANY OVERVIEW 3 Financial highlights 4 The year 2009 6 The outdoor advertising industry 8 One business, three segments 16 Our advertisers 33 Sustainable development 38 Research and development 54 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 58 Management discussion and analysis of group consolidated financial statements 59 Consolidated financial statements and notes 69 Management discussion and analysis of corporate financial statements 128 Corporate financial statements and notes 130 LEGAL INFORMATION 152 Corporate governance, internal control and risk management 153 Shareholders and trading information 179 Share capital 186 Other legal information 189 COMBINED ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS, 19 MAY 2010 205 Agenda 206 Summary of proposed resolutions 207 Proposed resolutions 208 OTHER INFORMATION 211 Statutory auditors’ reports 212 Person responsible for the Annual Report and Persons responsible for the audit of the financial statements 217 Incorporation by reference In accordance with Article 28 of EU Regulation n°809/2004 dated 29 April 2004, the reader is referred to previous “Documents de référence” containing certain information: 1. Relating to fiscal year 2008: - The Management Discussion and Analysis and consolidated financial statements, including the statutory auditors’ report, set forth in the “Document de référence” filed on 10 April 2009 under number D.09-0229 (pages 51 to 117and 213, respectively). - The corporate financial statements of JCDecaux SA, their analysis, including the statutory auditors’ report, set forth in the “Document de référence” filed on 10 April 2009 under number D.09-0229 (pages 118 to 141 and 214, respectively). - The statutory auditors’ special report on regulated agreements with certain related parties, set forth in the “Document de référence” filed on 10 April 2009 under number D.09-0229 (page 216).
    [Show full text]
  • Bike Sharing 5.0 Market Insights and Outlook
    Bike Sharing 5.0 Market insights and outlook Berlin, August 2018 This study provides a comprehensive overview of developments on the bike sharing market Management summary 1 Key trends in > Major innovations and new regulations are on the way to reshaping the mobility market innovative mobility > New business models follow an asset-light approach allowing consumers to share mobility offerings > Bike sharing has emerged as one of the most-trending forms of mobility in the current era > Digitalization has enabled bike sharing to become a fully integrated part of urban mobility 2 Bike sharing market > Bike sharing has grown at an extremely fast rate and is now available in over 70 countries development > Several mostly Asian operators have been expanding fast, but first business failures can be seen > On the downside, authorities are alarmed by the excessive growth and severe acts of vandalism > Overall, the bike sharing market is expected to grow continuously by 20% in the years ahead 3 Role of bike sharing > Bike sharing has established itself as a low-priced and convenient alternative in many cities in urban mobility > The three basic operating models are dock-based, hybrid and free-floating > Key success factors for bike sharing are a high-density network and high-quality bikes > Integrated mobility platforms enable bike sharing to become an essential part of intermodal mobility 4 Future of bike > Bike sharing operators will have to proactively shape the mobility market to stay competitive sharing > Intense intra-city competition will
    [Show full text]
  • Cardiff City Bike Share a Study in Success
    Narrative, network and nextbike Cardiff City Bike Share A study in success Beate Kubitz December 2018 About the author Beate Kubitz is an independent researcher and writer on innovative mobility. She is the author of the Annual Survey of Mobility as a Service (2017 and 2018) published by Landor LINKS, as well as numerous articles about changing transport provision, technology and innovation including bike share, car sharing, demand responsive transport, mobile ticketing and payments and open data. Her background is in shared transport – working on the Public Bike Share Users Survey and the Annual Survey of Car Clubs (CoMoUK). She has contributed to TravelSpirit Foundation publications on autonomy and open models of Mobility as a Service and open data and transport published by the Open Data Institute. About the report This report is based on interviews with Cardiff cyclists carried out online and a field trip to Cardiff in August 2018 including interviews with: • Cardiff City Council Transport and Planning Officer • Cardiff University Facilities Manager • Pedal Power Development Manager • Group discussion with Cardiff Cycle City group Membership and usage data for Cardiff, Glasgow and Milton Keynes bike share schemes was provided by nextbike. In addition, it draws on the Propensity to Cycle Tool, the 2017 Public Bike Share User Survey (Bikeplus, now Como UK), Sustrans reporting, local government data and media and social media scanning. Photographs of Cardiff nextbike docking stations and bikes were taken by the author in August 2018. The report was commissioned and funded by nextbike UK in order to understand how different elements affect the use and success of a bike share scheme.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Mobility Response to COVID-19 How Cities Are Responding, Recovering, and Reopening Transportation Systems Around the World
    Global Mobility Response to COVID-19 How cities are responding, recovering, and reopening transportation systems around the world June 2020 | Version 1.0 Global Mobility Response to COVID-19 Contents About Sam Schwartz Sam Schwartz is a full-service engineering, Introduction ................................................................................................. pg. 3 design, and consulting firm with nearly 25 years of experience helping cities respond to unexpected challenges. From the beginning, our firm has focused 1. Research Framework ............................................................................ pg. 4 on two things: solving the most novel, complicated problems—and putting people first. 2. Overview - Global Mobility Response to COVID-19 ...................... pg. 6 In the wake of 9/11, Superstorm Sandy, and other disasters, we were trusted by public and private i. Immediate Response in a New Transportation Landscape .........pg. 7 clients to address unprecedented challenges. During these crises, we went to work immediately to ensure efficient and safe movement of people and goods. ii. Trends by Transportation Category .........................................................pg. 7 Similarly, in this moment, we are committed to doing everything we can to keep our first responders moving, our institutions operational, and our 3. Recovery-Based Strategies - Worldwide Case Studies ................. pg. 8 communities safe. i. Rethinking the Right of Way .......................................................................pg.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pebss Week
    [email protected] sas asddcsdfADFEDFEaefafqaefqaefqqefqfqwfqffqdasdcsdfawef awd fawe fwefwefwe +32 2 880 92 74 THE PEBSS WEEK Inaugural Conference of the Platform for European Bicycle Sharing & Systems Hotel Haarhuis, Stationsplein 1, Arnhem – Monday 12 June 2017, 13:00 through 18:00 Time Topic / Subject / Event 13:00–13:10 Conference Opening & Welcome 13:10–13:30 Opening Keynote: Matthew Clark, Steer Davies Gleave A Diverse World: Ralf Kalupner @ nextbike; Lee Jones @ BCycle; Damien Vander Heyden @ Smoove; Johan Hogasen-Hallesby @ Urban Infrstructure; Tomas Martins @ 13:30–14:00 TemBici Moderator: Paul Stratta Integrating ALL species of shared bicycle mobility into one eco-system: traditional PBS, train station-based AA bike share, campus fleets, corporate fleets, and un-anchored ECF free-floating systems. Commercial strategies to ensure that the entire eco-system becomes self-reinforcing. Electric Bike Share: Philip Douglas @ Motivate: Talia Winokur @ SoftWheel; 14:00–14:30 Antonia Roberts @ Bikeplus; Paola Bellocchio @ Bicincitta; Alain Ayotte @ Bewegen Moderator: Industry accelerator for shared bicycle mobility; Lessons learned so far, commercial Russell Meddin implications for future development, “big sky thinking”. Integration with 5th Generation Bike Share Map PBS and general urban mobility. 14:30–14:45 Coffee break Maas, Big Data & Apps: Tom Nutley @ Stage Intelligence; Irene MacAleese @ 14:45–15:15 See.Sense; Marie Quinquis @ Qucit; David Lewis @ ITO World; Erdem Ovacik @ Moderator: Donkey Republic Raymond Gense For and across Bikeshare;
    [Show full text]
  • Public Bicycle Schemes
    Division 44 Water, Energy and Transport Recommended Reading and Links on Public Bicycle Schemes September 2010 Reading List on Public Bicycle Schemes Preface Various cities around the world are trying methods to encourage bicycling as a sustainable transport mode. Among those methods in encouraging cycling implementing public bicycle schemes is one. The public bicycle schemes are also known as bicycle sharing systems, community bicycling schemes etc., The main idea of a public bicycle system is that the user need not own a bicycle but still gain the advantages of bicycling by renting a bicycle provided by the scheme for a nominal fee or for free of charge (as in some cities). Most of these schemes enable people to realize one way trips, because the users needn’t to return the bicycles to the origin, which will avoid unnecessary travel. Public bicycle schemes provide not only convenience for trips in the communities, they can also be a good addition to the public transport system. Encouraging public bike systems have shown that there can be numerous short that could be made by a bicycle instead of using motorised modes. Public bike schemes also encourage creative designs in bikes and also in the operational mechanisms. The current document is one of the several efforts of GTZ-Sustainable Urban Transport Project to bring to the policymakers an easy to access list of available material on Public Bike Schemes (PBS) which can be used in their everyday work. The document aims to list out some influential and informative resources that highlight the importance of PBS in cities and how the existing situation could be improved.
    [Show full text]
  • Pioneer Valley Regional Bike Share System Pilot
    Pioneer Valley Regional Bike Share System Pilot Pioneer Valley Regional Bike Share System Pilot April 2016 Alta Planning + Design | Page 0 Pioneer Valley Regional Bike Share System Pilot Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................................................ 2 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 2. Business Models ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Business Model Matrix ................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Proposed Business Model............................................................................................................................................. 7 3. System Costs and Revenues .................................................................................................................................................. 9 3.1 Cost Components ............................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • City Bike Hire Schemes
    1 1 City Bike Hire Schemes - Emerging Trends in Europe 2 3 4 Stephen Parkes 5 6 Institute for Transport Studies 7 University of Leeds 8 Leeds 9 LS2 9JT 10 United Kingdom 11 Tel: +44 (0)113 343 1787 12 [email protected] 13 14 15 Dr Greg Marsden* 16 17 Institute for Transport Studies 18 University of Leeds 19 Leeds 20 LS2 9JT 21 United Kingdom 22 Tel: +44 (0)113 343 5325 23 Fax: +44 (0)113 343 5334 24 [email protected] 25 26 * corresponding author 27 28 Word Count: 5989 + 6 Figures = 7489 29 30 Submission Date: 14/11/2011 TRB 2012 Annual Meeting Paper revised from original submittal. 2 31 City Bike Hire Schemes - Emerging Trends in Europe 32 33 34 Abstract 35 36 This paper examines the recent increase in the uptake of city bike hire (also known as “bike 37 share”) schemes and provides an analysis of the emerging trends that are being witnessed. 38 The paper is based on an ongoing study into the spread and distribution in the adoption of 39 bike hire schemes throughout Europe. The data collection consists of two stages that first 40 seek to build a picture of the current situation before moving on to a more detailed discussion 41 with the scheme adopters. 42 The paper presents a brief history of bike hire schemes and describes the theoretical basis 43 for the investigation, drawing on innovation and diffusion theory. It then reports the findings 44 of the research, which suggests that the expansion phase of city adoption of public bike hire 45 schemes may be past its peak.
    [Show full text]
  • AWARE in Openlca
    openLCA (1.7.4) Case study: Bike sharing openLCA Version: 1.7.4 Document version: 1.0 Date: 09. November 2018 Authors: Francesca Recanati, Andreas Ciroth GreenDelta GmbH Tel +49 30 48496030 Kaiserdamm 13 Fax +49 30 4849 6991 14057 Berlin GERMANY Bike sharing Outline 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Goal and scope definition ................................................................................................................ 2 3 Inventory analysis – baseline and alternatives .......................................................................... 3 3.1 Bike production .................................................................................................................................. 3 3.2 Bike use phase and maintenance ................................................................................................. 4 3.3 Baseline and alternatives cases ...................................................................................................... 5 3.4 Urban (public) transportation means – comparison ................................................................. 7 4 Summary of modelling approach and cases under study ....................................................... 7 5 Life Cycle Impact Assessment method ........................................................................................ 8 6 Results .................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Uanotat 134 2019 Sykkeldelingsordninger
    Ingunn Opheim Ellis Notat Maria Amundsen 134/2019 Sykkeldelingsordninger Sykkeldelingsordninger Forord På oppdrag fra Kolumbus har Urbanet Analyse gjort en kartlegging av ulike sykkeldelingsordninger verden over. Oppdraget gikk utgangspunktet ut på å gjennomføre en analyse av suksesskriterier for en sykkeldelingsordning, basert på en kvantitativ analyse av ulike egenskaper ved et større antall ulike sykkeldelingsordninger. Den innledende kartleggingen av ulike sykkeldelingsordninger avdekket at det er lite tilgjengelig informasjon om svært mange av sykkeldelingsordningene som finnes, da dette i stor grad anses som forretningssensitiv informasjon. Den kvantitative analysen har derfor ikke kunnet gjennomføres. I dette notatet oppsummeres den kunnskapen om ulike sykkeldelingsordninger vi har fått gjennom arbeidet med prosjektet. Kontaktperson hos oppdragsgiver har vært Rolf Michael Odland. Fra Urbanet Analyse har Ingunn Opheim Ellis vært prosjektleder, med Maria Amundsen og Karoline Nielsen (Asplan Viak) som prosjektmedarbeidere. Katrine N. Kjørstad har kvalitetssikret oppdraget. Oslo, februar 2019 Bård Norheim Urbanet Analyse notat 134/2019 Innhold Hovedfunn ........................................................................................................................... i Vanskelig å finne gode data om bruk av sykkeldelingsordninger ......................................................... i Noen få kommersielle aktører har ansvar for mange sykkeldelingsordninger ..................................... i De største sykkeldelingsordningene
    [Show full text]
  • Public Bicycles
    New Seamless Mobility Services Public Bicycles 4 PolicyPliocyoeslli y notes t NICHES is a Coordination Action funded by the European Commission under the Sixth Framework Programme for R&D, Priority 6.2 Sustainable Surface Transport What is it about? Characteristics Public Bicycles: • are innovative schemes of rental or free bicycles in urban areas; Example: Vélo’v in Lyon • can be used for daily mobility as one-way-use is possible and they can be seen as part of the public How did the French City of Lyon transport system; encourage thousands of people to • differ from traditional, mostly leisure-oriented bicycle use the bicycle as urban transport rental services as they provide fast and easy access; mode within a few months? • have diversifi ed in organisational layout, the business A big part of this success story is models and the applied technology towards “smart bikes” due to the introduction of the (rental process via smart card or mobile phone). Public Bicycle scheme vélo’v. Each of the 2,000 bicycles available The transferability of Public Bicycle schemes to cities at racks throughout the city centre with appropriate framework conditions for cycling has is used on average 16 times on a been proven in many cases (e.g. in France, Germany, typical summer day. Within the Scandinavia and Spain). fi rst six months after its introduction, 2 Million trips were made with the Public Bicycles, Key benefi ts replacing around 150,000 car trips. In combination with the The implementation of a Public Bicycle scheme... increased use of private bicycles, • provides a fast, convenient and fl exible inner urban the scheme helped to increase the transport option; bicycle share in the modal split.
    [Show full text]
  • Paying for Bike-Sharing Systems EXAMPLES and TRENDS from LATIN AMERICA Introduction
    Paying for bike-sharing systems EXAMPLES AND TRENDS FROM LATIN AMERICA Introduction Bike-sharing systems (BSS) have played BOX 1 a key role in discussions around how to promote cycling in cities for more than Financing and funding (CFF, 2017) a decade. This role has further increased Financing: Related to how governments (or with the emergence of private dockless private companies) that own infrastructure find the money to meet the upfront costs of building said systems since 2015. There are now infrastructure. Examples: municipal revenues, bonds, thousands of BSS in operation in cities intergovernmental transfers, private sector. across the world, particularly in Europe, Funding: Related to how taxpayers, consumers or Asia, and North America. others ultimately pay for infrastructure, including paying back the finance from whichever source Creating a BSS, however, is not simply a matter of governments (or private owners) choose. replicating a model that has worked in another city. BSSs are one element of a city’s overall transport infrastructure, Examples: Taxes, municipal revenues, user fees like roads, buses, metros, bike lanes, sidewalks, etc. Their and sponsorship. implementation must be based around a city’s context, including: (a) the applicable laws and regulations with respect to planning and operation of a BSS; (b) its integration with public transport networks, particularly The financing and funding options for a BSS will be its ability to connect transport nodes with offices and dependent on the operational structure that the city residences; and (c) the potential of cycling as a mode of chooses. In all cases, the city will be involved in this transport in the city and any relevant sustainability or structure: the degree of involvement will depend on the development objectives (Moon-Miklaucic et al., 2018).
    [Show full text]