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SAMANTHA FURMAN 52 Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Model 2017 | Vol. 18 UMBC REVIEW JOURNAL OF UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH 2017 | Vol. 18 UMBC REVIEW JOURNAL OF UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH © COPYRIGHT 2017 UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE COUNTY (UMBC) ALL RIGHTS RESERVED EDITORS EMILY HUANG DYLAN ROGERS ELLIOTT DESIGNERS MARYAM BANYAHMAD AMIR KHATIRNIA CONTENTS THEOPHILUS ALUKO 14 Computational and Experimental Analysis of Lift Generation of a Model Bird with Stationary and Dynamic Wing Configuration BRENDA GUTIERREZ 36 Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensor for Measuring Astrocytic ATP Release SAMANTHA FURMAN 52 Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Model AMELIA HALLWORTH 66 Investigating the role of the circadian clock genes PRR5, PRR7, and PRR9 in regulating salicylic acid-mediated immune response in Arabidopsis Thaliana JAMES LOY 80 Charge Transfer from Single Semiconductor Nanocrystals to Single Molecules ABIGAIL WORGUL 96 The Temple of Vesta in the Roman Forum MELINA LATONA 116 Changing the Nature of Education in the Valleys of Bolivia JENNIFER WACHTEL 134 An Unlikely Refuge: Jewish Refugees from Nazi Europe in Shanghai, 1933-1945 RICHARD D. ELLIOTT 156 It’s Just a Jump to the Right: The Tea Party’s Influence on Conservative Discourse CAITLIN STONE 174 The Costs of Good Karma: The Effects of Fangsheng on the Chinese Environment and Society EDITORS' INTRODUCTION The 18th edition of the UMBC Review: Journal of Undergraduate Research comes to you amid a time of great celebration at UMBC as the university celebrates its 50th birthday. As ground is broken on new campus building projects, the UMBC Review, just like Undergraduate Research and Cre- ative Achievement Day (URCAD), continues to demonstrate the exciting research completed by UMBC students of all disciplines and majors. This journal of undergraduate research is unique because it is managed and created by undergraduate students and because of the tight timeline it operates on. Editors begin receiving submissions in the spring, continue collecting them during the summer, and finish their solicitation efforts in September. The next three months consist of obtaining outside reviewers for promising papers, editing submissions, and preparing the written words that will make up the journal. In early January the design team receives these components and crafts the polished product you hold in your hands. Being published in the UMBC Review is an honor only a few UMBC students will receive and we are pleased to be sharing their work with you. These papers are exemplars of the thoughtful and creative work completed by UMBC’s undergraduate students. We hope you will join us in celebrating UMBC’s 50th anniversary and the excellent work of our authors: THEOPHILUS ALUKO analyzes the effect of leading-edge vortices on lift generation through modeling of the barn swallow. BRENDA GUTIERREZ develops a biosensor to measure and explore ATP release from astrocytes in the brain. SAMANTHA FURMAN expands on a mathematical model examining the effects of external stimuli on skeletal muscle cell atrophy. AMELIA HALLWORTH investigates circadian clock genes that also play a role in controlling the plant immune response. JAMES LOY studies improvements to quantum dot nanocrystals for their potential application in solar cell technologies. ABIGAIL WORGUL examines the shape of the Temple of Vesta and its relationship with other buildings in Rome’s Forum. MELINA LATONA explores the alternative educational methods she observed in a small town in the valleys of Bolivia. JENNIFER WACHTEL details how Jewish refugees from the Holocaust experienced victimization and demonstrated agency in Shanghai. RICHARD D. ELLIOTT illustrates the correlation between the rhetoric of the Tea Party movement and mainstream conservative politicians. CAITLIN STONE considers the impact of practicing Fangsheng on the environment and society of China. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS These papers, and this volume, would not be possible without help from the UMBC community and beyond. We would like to thank the faculty advisors and mentors of our stu- dent authors. These faculty advisors provided guidance to their students that allowed them to produce these fine research papers. Without their work, the UMBC Review could not uphold the standard of quality that we strive for in the research that we publish. DR. KATHY BRYAN: AMERICAN STUDIES DR. BAMBI CHAPIN: SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY DR. HUA LU: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES DR. MEREDITH OYEN: HISTORY DR. BRADFORD PEERCY: MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS DR. MATTHEW PELTON: PHYSICS DR. DAVID ROSENBLOOM: ANCIENT STUDIES DR. CONSTANTINE VAPORIS: ASIAN STUDIES DR. RYAN WHITE: CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY DR. MEILIN YU: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING We also owe our deepest gratitude to the reviewers and proofread- ers who contributed their time and effort to review papers for the UMBC Review. The reviewers, all of whom work at institutions outside of UMBC and are experts in their respective fields, were able to provide construc- tive feedback and assurance that these papers were relevant and novel to the field. In the interest of anonymity, we will not name these reviewers in print. We are also grateful to the proofreaders from across the UMBC community who lent us their perspectives during the editing process: DAVE ANGUISH DANIEL BARNHART TIM FORD ABIGAIL GRANGER KEVIN JOSEPH JANET MCGLYNN GREG ROEPKE ANNE ROLAND BRIAN SOUDERS JOYCE TENNEY BRIAN THOMPSON BENJAMIN WOODWORTH We would also like to thank the following for their commitment to under- graduate research at UMBC and for their financial support of the UMBC Review: PRESIDENT FREEMAN HRABOWSKI OFFICE OF UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT OFFICE OF THE PROVOST We are also indebted to the faculty mentors, Dr. Susan McDonough and Professor Guenet Abraham, who guided the editors and designers through the months of work that culminated in this publication. Their experience and support have been crucial to the creation of this journal. Last but not least, none of this would have been possible without the aid of Ms. Janet McGlynn. This volume is Ms. McGlynn’s last, as she retired in January 2017, and we recognize her countless contributions to the UMBC Review. For years Ms. McGlynn championed the Review, her dedication and hardwork integral to the its continued success. We wish Janet all the best in her retirement and thank her for everything she has done for the Review. We are excited to present Volume 18 of the UMBC Review, and hope that it is as enriching for the reader as it was for the editors to produce. Best regards, DYLAN ROGERS ELLIOTT Arts, Humanities, Social Sciences Editor EMILY HUANG STEM Editor UMBC REVIEW | VOL.18 11 2017 | Vol. 18 UMBC REVIEW JOURNAL OF UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH Computational and Experimental Analysis of Lift Generation of a Model Bird with Stationary and Dynamic Wing Configuration author Theophilus Aluko Meilin Yu co-authors Jamie Gurganus Lai Wang BIOGRAPHY Theophilus Aluko graduated in winter 2016 in mechanical engineering with a minor in music. His professional aspiration is to help improve safety and customer satisfaction in various fields of engineering and management, including commercial aviation. Aside from his research endeavors, Theophilus loves to spend time helping the sick, homeless, and needy, and he considers these the most rewarding experiences he has with interacting with people. In his free time he also enjoys playing piano. He is the co-founder of the UMBC Adaptive Sports Program, where he works with faculty, staff, students, student groups, and departments at UMBC to establish accessible sports options for students and staff with transient disabilities. Theophilus is grateful for the guidance, expertise, and thoroughness of his mentors, Ms. Jamie Gurganus (Professor G.) and Dr. Meilin Yu. He is also thankful to Dr. Drew Wilkerson from the U.S. Army Research Laboratory for reviewing his work in its initial stages. Lastly, Theophilus would like to thank and acknowledge God for the fortitude supplied when his work was the most challenging. The past two years of research have encouraged Theophilus to continue his desire to help improve safety and customer satisfaction in commercial aviation and to pursue graduate studies in related fields in the future. DEMYSTIFICATION I started working in Dr. Meilin Yu’s Computational Mechanics Laboratory the semester after I participated in a summer research opportunity with Dr. Haibo Dong, his colleague at the University of Virginia. While at UVA, I worked on a different biomimetic project, studying the aerodynamics and mechanics of a barn swallow. Towards the end of the summer, I became interested in how avian aerodynamics and mechanics can help improve commercial aviation and optimize the design of commercial aircraft. For- tunately, the Department of Mechanical Engineering at UMBC hired Dr. Yu around the same time as the end of my research internship. When I returned to UMBC in the fall, I applied for an Undergraduate Research Award (URA), and Dr. Yu agreed to mentor me throughout my project. With the support of Dr. Yu, Ms. Jamie Gurganus, another instructor in the department, as well as my Undergraduate Research Award, my project has been a success. ABSTRACT This work studies lift generation of the barn swallow through the use of 16 computational and experimental analysis by progressively meeting finite UMBC REVIEW | VOL.18 dynamic constraints such as flapping amplitude and frequency. The lift generation was standardized for comparison and analysis using a dimen- sionless property of flying bodies called the lift coefficient. In this study, the barn
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