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Zonas Aridas Nº10

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Zonas Aridas Nº10 1 Leyenda de la carátula Desierto costero a 2000 m de altitud, con Browningia candelaria con ramas ornamentadas en la parte superior. En el fondo, un ejemplar joven de columna ramificada y una ramifica- ción principiante en el primer plano. Las ramas superiores pueden presentar un desarrollo aún mayor que el de la Browningia adulta (derecha), perdiendo entonces su rígida regulari- dad y adquiriendo así formas variadas, movidas y onduladas. Figura extraída del libro, “El Continente de los Colibris” (2003) de Andreas Suchantke y que fuera incluida en el artículo “A través de la Costa Desértica hacia los Cardonales de los Andes Occidentales (2)” en Quepo Vol. 17-2003 (p. 52). Cover Legend Desert Coast at 2000 m altitude, with Browningia candelaria with ornamental branches at top. Towards the back, a young individual with ramified column; in front an initial ramifica- tion. The top branches can develop higher levels as that presented by the adult Browningia (right), loosing their rigid regularity and becoming of varied, motional and undulated forms. Figure extracted from the book “El Continente de los Colibris” (2003) by Andreas Suchantke included in the article “A través de la Costa Desértica hacia los Cardonales de los Andes Occiden- tales (2)” in Quepo Vol. 17-2003 (p. 52). 2 Zonas Áridas Publicada por el Centro de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas (CIZA) Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Published by the Center for Arid Lands Research (CIZA) National Agrarian University La Molina Director/ Director MSc. Juan Torres Guevara Editor Invitado/Guest Editor Dr. Carlos Ostolaza Nano Editores/Editors Biol. Sonia María González Molina Dra. María de los Ángeles La Torre-Cuadros MSc. Reynaldo Linares-Palomino Comité Científico/Scientific Committee Dr. Eugene N. Anderson Dr. Alejandro Casas University of California Riverside, EUA Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional E-mail: [email protected] Autónoma de México, México E-mail: [email protected] Dra. Norma Hilgert Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Dr. Gerald A. Islebe Técnicas, Argentina El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, México E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Dra. Egleé López Zent Dr. Miguel Ángel Martínez Alfaro Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Venezuela México E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Antonio Galán de Mera Dra. María Nery Urquiza Rodríguez Universidad San Pablo CEU, España Grupo Nacional de Lucha contra de la Desertifica- E-mail: [email protected] ción y la Sequía, Cuba E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Carlos Galindo-Leal Programa Bosques Mexicanos WWF, México PhD. Toby Pennington E-mail: [email protected] Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Tropical Diversity Section E-mail: [email protected] Diseñadora/ Designer Gaby Matsumoto 3 Información General/ General Information Zonas Áridas publica artículos referentes Zonas Áridas publishes original articles a los diversos aspectos de las zonas áridas that address the various aspects of the arid y semiáridas a nivel mundial, con la fina- and semi-arid at world-wide level, aiming lidad de contribuir al mejor conocimiento to contribute to a better understanding of de sus componentes naturales y sociales, y al their natural and social components and to manejo adecuado de sus recursos. Con este the rational management of their resources. objeto acepta contribuciones sobre zonas It accepts contributions about arid lands áridas en los distintos campos de la ciencia in the different scopes of basic and applied básica y aplicada, en particular en: Biología, science, particularly in: Biology, Ecology, Ecología, Paleobiología, Antropología, Ar- Paleobiology, Anthropology, Archaeology, queología, Geología, Hidrología, Forestales, Geology, Hidrology, Forestry, Agriculture, Agricultura, Climatología y Arquitectura Climatology and Architecture. This jour- referida a las zonas áridas. Esta Revista se nal was founded in 1982 and it has the inició en 1982 y tiene las siguientes seccio- following sections: Editorial, Scientific Re- nes: Editorial, Artículos científicos, Revisio- search Articles, Reviews and Technical or nes y Notas Técnicas o Informativas. No se Informative Notes. It has no page charges. cobran gastos de publicación. Las opiniones Opinions and conclusions expressed in this expresadas en esta revista son responsabili- journal are the sole responsibility of the con- dad exclusiva de los autores. tributing author (s). ISSN 1013-445X (Versión impresa) ISSN 1814-8921 (Versión electrónica) Título Clave: Zonas áridas Título Clave Abreviado: Zonas áridas Biblioteca Nacional del Perú Depósito Legal: 2003-5607 Dirección Postal/Mailing Address Centro de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas (CIZA) Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Camilo Carrillo 300 A, Lima 11, Perú E-mail: [email protected] Página Web: http://www.lamolina.edu.pe/ciza 4 Contenidos / Contents CARTA DEL DIRECTOR / DIRECTOR!S LETTER EDITORIAL OBTENCIÓN DE EMBRIOIDES DE AGAVE TEQUILANA WEBER A PARTIR DE 11 EXPLANTES DE RAÍZ Liberato Portillo & Fernando Santacruz-Ruvalcaba MANEJO TRADICIONAL Y CONSERVACIÓN DE LA BIODIVERSIDAD 20 DE POLASKIA SPP. (CACTACEAE) EN MÉXICO José Juan Blancas, Fabiola Parra, José Demián Lucio, María Eva Ruíz-Durán, Edgar Pé- rez-Negrón, Adriana Otero-Arnaiz, Nidia Pérez-Nasser & Alejandro Casas VARIABILIDAD GENOTÍPICA DE CACTÁCEAS CON CRECIMIENTO DE- 41 TERMINADO DE LA RAÍZ EN LA REGENERACIÓN DE RAÍCES A PARTIR DE CALLOS Svetlana Shishkova, Norma E. Moreno & Vicente Castillo-Díaz EFECTO DEL DISTURBIO CRÓNICO EN ECHINOCEREUS SCHMOLLII (WE- 59 ING.) N. P. TAYLOR, UNA CACTACEA EN PELIGRO DE EXTINCIÓN EN EL SEMIDESIERTO QUERETANO, MÉXICO José Gpe Hernández-Oria, Chávez Ruth & Sánchez Emiliano EVALUACIÓN DE ALGUNOS PARÁMETROS DEMOGRÁFICOS DE MAMMI- 74 LLARIA ZEPHYRANTHOIDES EN CUAUTINCHÁN PUEBLA, MÉXICO María del Carmen Navarro Carvajal & María del Sagrario Juárez Tentle CARACTERIZACIÓN FLORÍSTICA Y ANÁLISIS DE DIVERSIDAD EN EL 84 ÁREA DE DISTRIBUCIÓN DE LA PAVA ALIBLANCA (PENELOPE ALBIPENNIS TACZANOWSKI) Arnold Serván Mori & Fernando Angulo Pratolongo ANATOMÍA Y MORFOLOGÍA DE CORRYOCACTUS ERECTUS (BACKEBERG) 102 RITTER (CACTACEAE) Norma Salinas Revilla & Esther Álvarez Moscoso TAXONOMÍA, ECOLOGÍA Y CONSERVACIÓN EX SITU DE LAS CACTÁCEAS 115 DE LIMA Aldo Ceroni Stuva, Natalia Calderón Moya-Méndez & Viviana Castro Cepero LA GERMINACIÓN IN VITRO UNA ALTERNATIVA PARA OBTENER EXPLAN- 129 TES EN CACTÁCEAS Lucía Cuéllar Chávez, Eufemia Morales Rubio & Jaime Fco. Treviño 5 Notas Técnicas e informativas / Technical and informative notes UTILIZACIÓN DE OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA (L.) MILL) PARA CONSUMO HU- 134 MANO: UNA EXPERIENCIA EN EL NORTE DE TIGRAY, ETIOPÍA Ana Lilia Vigueras EL GÉNERO ARMATOCEREUS BACKEBERG 144 Carlos Ostolaza Nano ESTADO ACTUAL DE LAS SUCULENTAS EN EL PERÚ 155 Guillermo Pino Infante SOBRE EL ORIGEN DE LA TUNA EN EL PERÚ, ALGUNOS ALCANCES 174 Sidney Novoa Sheppard TECNOLOGÍAS, DESASTRES ¨NATURALES¨ Y AGRICULTURA. APUNTES 182 PARA ARGUMENTAR UNA ESTRATEGIA DE INTERVENCIÓN EN AMÉRICA LATINA Dámaso R. Ponvert-Delisles Batista Otras notas / Other notes EL CENTENARIO DE FRIDA KAHLO 208 Juan Torres Guevara Canción 212 LA LEY DEL MONTE José Ángel Espinoza CONVOCATORIA ZONAS ÁRIDAS 11 213 CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES DE ZONAS ÁRIDAS 214 CIZA-UNALM (ESPAÑOL/INGLES) 6 Carta del Director El 2006 fue el “Año Internacional de los Desiertos y la Desertificación”, el año de estos her- mosos ecosistemas, que ocupan una cuarta parte de la superficie terrestre del planeta y que debemos conservar así como luchar contra el avance de la desertificación, que es algo diferente, y durante el 2006, fue un tema de mucha vigencia en El Perú, participando instituciones como el INRENA (Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales), la RIOD- Perú (Red Internacional de ONGs sobre Desertificación), la UNALM (Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina), la UNP (Universidad Nacional de Piura), entre otras, que en coordinación con el Proyecto “Agua y Tierras Secas” y la “Red de Riego”, ambas parte del CYTED - Iberoamérica, realizaron activi- dades de nivel nacional durante el mes de junio del 2006. En los desiertos americanos, las plantas que pintan inmediatamente sus hermosos paisajes, son las cactáceas y las suculentas en general. A estos grupos está dedicado el presente número 10 de la Revista Zonas Áridas, conducido científicamente por nuestro editor invitado, el Dr. Carlos Ostolaza Nano, Presidente de la Sociedad Peruana de Cactus y Suculentas del Perú, quien desde la Dirección de la Revista “Quepo” nos muestra los avances logrados en la investigación de es- tas importantes familias botánicas, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Acompañaron a Carlos en este número, la editora Biol. Sonia González Molina y el Comité Editor conformado por la Dra. María de los Ángeles La Torre-Cuadros y el MSc. Reynaldo Linares-Palomino, quienes han marcado el ritmo de la revista durante esta segunda era de la publicación, que tiene 3 años consecutivos manteniendo su periodicidad anual. Otro elemento que caracteriza este número es la presencia explícita del arte, a través de un homenaje a la gran pintora mexicana Frida Kahlo, que sumado a la composición de los artículos científicos, es un homenaje a uno de los países, que como el nuestro, tiene una gran cultura del desierto, México. Los investigadores peruanos y mexicanos en este tema son una muestra más de los lazos que unen a nuestros antiguos pueblos del desierto y que hoy se proyectan a otros continentes hermanos como África. En
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