Lee Chai Peng Mohd. Shafeea Leman Kamaludin Hassan Bahari Md. Nasib Rashidah Karim

Malaysian Stratigraphic Central Registry Database Subcommittee Geological Society of September 2004 PERSATUAN GEOLOGI MALAYSIA Geological Society of Malaysia Council 2004/2005 President : Lee Chai Peng Vice President : Yunus Abdul Razak Secretary : Abdul Rashid Jaapar Assistant Secretary : Low Keng Lok Treasurer : Ahmad Nizam Hasan Editor : Liew Kit Kong Immediate Past President : Mohd Shafeea Leman Councillors : Askury Abdul Kadir Juhari Mat Akhir Lau Yin Leong Nur Iskandar Taib Safarudin Mat Tahir Samsudin Taib Tan Boon Kong Zakaria Mohamad

Malaysian Stratigraphic Central Registry Database Subcommittee

Lee Chai Peng (Chairman) (University of Malaya) Mohd. Shafeea Leman (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) Kamaludin Hassan (Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia) Bahari Md. Nasib (PETRONAS Research & Scientific Services Sdn. Bhd.) Rashidah Karim (PETRONAS Research & Scientific Services Sdn. Bhd.)

Published by the Geological Society of Malaysia Department of Geology, University of Malaya, 50603 Tel: 603 - 7957 7036 Fax: 603 - 7956 3900 E-mail: [email protected]

Printed by Art Printing Works Sdn. Bhd., 29 Jalan Riong, 59100 Kuala Lumpur Stratigraphic Lexicon of Malaysia

Lee Chai Peng Mohd. Shafeea Leman Kamaludin Hassan Bahari Md. Nasib Rashidah Karim

Malaysian Stratigraphic Central Registry Database Subcommittee Geological Society of Malaysia September 2004 Copyright: Geological Society of Malaysia, 2004

All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the Geological Society of Malaysia.

Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

Stratigraphic lexicon of Malaysia / Lee Chai Peng ... [et al.]. Bibliography: p 160 ISBN 983-99102-3-X 1. Geology, Stratigaphic. I. Lee, Chai Peng, 1955-. II. Title. 551.700595

Published by Geological Society of Malaysia Department of Geology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur Tel: 603 - 7957 7036 Fax: 603 - 7956 3900 E-mail: [email protected]

Printed by Art Printing Works Sdn. Bhd., 29 Jalan Riong, 59100 Kuala Lumpur FOREWORD

This much-awaited Stratigraphic Lexicon of Malaysia is a welcome resource to geologists, especially stratigraphers working in Malaysia. Although, this is not the first attempt to compile the rock units of Malaysia, this Lexicon is the first comprehensive review and compilation of both formal and informal Malaysian stratigraphic units. It contains 160 systematic description of formations. It also contains extensive bibliographic and chronologic information as well as fossil records, which are useful starting points for researchers that require further data for their work. It is hoped that through this Lexicon, with its easily accessible comprehensive information, problems related to stratigraphic work in Malaysia can be addressed and improvement on the relationship and correlation between the stratigraphic units be achieved, leading to a better understanding of the geology of Malaysia.

This Lexicon is the result of the hard work put in by the Malaysian Stratigraphic Central Registry Database Subcommittee (MSCRDS) that was set up in 1995. The MSCRDS comprises of dedicated stratigraphers from the Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia, the Geology Departments of University of Malaya and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, and PETRONAS. I would like to extend my appreciation and thanks to the Geological Society of Malaysia and the key individuals involved for their fine effort.

Dr. Chu Ling Hing Ketua Pengarah Jabatan Mineral dan Geosains Malaysia

iii PREFACE

Although a lot of work has been done in describing and mapping of stratigraphic units in Malaysia especially by pioneer geologists from the Geological Survey since its inception, almost all the stratigraphic names used are informal and published as mapping progressed in the various reports of the Geological Survey. These were supplemented by more informal stratigraphic formations erected by other geologists, notably those from the universities and others from the mining and petroleum industries over the years. Attempts to bring together these formations in a single compilation has resulted in the publication of Gobbett and Hutchison’s (1973) “Geology of Peninsular Malaysia” and Leichti, Roe and Haile’s (1960) “The Geology of , Brunei and the Western Part of North Borneo”. While the Malaysian Stratigraphic Nomenclature Committee of the Geological Society of Malaysia was producing the Malaysian Stratigraphic Guide (Ahmad bin Jantan et al.,1997), the committee realised that there was a need to gather together all published stratigraphic data in the form of a lexicon so that later attempts to formalise informal units or erect new units would be made easier. A separate committee known as the Malaysian Stratigraphic Central Registry Database Subcommittee (MSCRDS) was set up at the beginning of 1995 to undertake the task. The subcommittee consisted of representatives from the Department of Geology in University of Malaya, Faculty of Science & Technology Geology Programme of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Minerals and Geoscience Department of Malaysia and Petronas. Published data up to 1997 on stratigraphic units in the Palaeozic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic Onshore and Cenozoic Offshore of Malaysia was gathered by members of the subcommittee following an agreed format of 14 categories of information for each stratigraphic unit. The categories are:- Name, Origin of name, Age, References, Type area, Type section, Boundaries, Correlation, Thickness, Lithology, Subdivisions, Fossils, Environment of deposition and Remarks. Data of varying detail from abundant to scanty has been compiled on 44 Palaeozoic, 37 Mesozoic and 78 Cenozoic Onshore formations. Stratigraphic formations that staddle era boundaries would be included with the section where the bulk of the sediments within the unit are found, for example, the Permo- Semanggol formation is placed under Mesozoic. The formations in each section are divided into those from Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak and and arranged according to their ages from the oldest to the youngest in each section. The numerous Cenozoic Offshore formations had very different based for nomenclature depending on the various schemes used by the different petroleum companies and it was decided not to include them in the present publication. Since most of the Malaysian stratigraphic units have not been erected formally following the recommendations of the International or Malaysian Stratigraphic Guide, we envisage that much work would be needed to formalise the units and the information contained in this lexicon will provide the necessary background information for the stratigrapher doing it to build on. This lexicon contains published stratigraphic information up to 1997. More work on Malaysian stratigraphy has been done and published since then. It is envisaged that periodic revisions with new information on the existing formations and new formations erected after that would need to be added either as supplements to the existing lexicon or as revised editions of it in the future as stratigaphic work in Malaysia progresses. Lastly, I would like to thank all the members of the Malaysian Stratigraphic Central Registry Database Subcommittee and their respective organisations for their hard work and support in producing this lexicon. The editorial help of Dr. Ng Tham Fatt is gratefully acknowledged.

Dr. Lee Chai Peng Chairman Malaysian Stratigraphic Central Registry Database Subcommittee

iv CONTENTS

FOREWORD ...... iii PREFACE ...... iv INTRODUCTION ...... 1 Part 1 PALAEOZOIC — LEE CHAI PENG ...... 3 INTRODUCTION ...... 3 1.1. PENINSULAR MALAYSIA ...... 8 P1. Jerai formation ...... 8 P2. Machinchang formation ...... 8 P3. Dinding schist ...... 8 P4. Papulut quartzite (of Baling group) ...... 9 P5. Pilah schists ...... 9 P6. Setul formation ...... 9 P6.1. Basal limestone (of Setul formation) ...... 10 P6.2 Lower Setul limestone (of Setul formation) ...... 11 P6.3. Lower Detrital member (of Setul formation) ...... 11 P6.4. Upper Setul limestone (of Setul formation) ...... 12 P.6.5. Upper Detrital member (of Setul formation) ...... 12 P7. Hawthornden schist...... 13 P8. Terolak formation ...... 13 P9. Jelebu schists ...... 13 P10. Mahang Formation ...... 14 P11. Grik siltstone (of Baling group) ...... 14 P12. Lawin tuff ...... 14 P13. formation (of Baling group) ...... 15 P14. Sungai Patani formation ...... 15 P15. Bendang Riang formation (of Baling group) ...... 15 P16. Pelong beds (of group) ...... 16 P17. Kuala Lumpur limestone ...... 16 P18. Kajang schist ...... 17 P19. Karak formation ...... 17 P20. Kinta limestone ...... 17 P20.1. Kim Loong No. l beds (of Kinta limestone) ...... 18 P20.2. Thye On beds (of Kinta limestone) ...... 19 P20.3. Kuan On beds (of Kinta limestone) ...... 19 P20.4. Kim Loong No. 3 beds (of Kinta limestone) ...... 19 P20.5. Nam Loong beds (of Kinta limestone) ...... 19 P20.6. H.S. Lee beds (of Kinta limestone)...... 20 P21. Salak Baharu beds ...... 21 P22. Singa formation...... 21 P23. Kubang Pasu formation ...... 21 P24. Kambing beds ...... 22 P24. 1. Keliu slates (of Kambing beds) ...... 22 P24.2. Terapai metasiltstones (of Kambing beds) ...... 22 P25. Sungai beds ...... 23 P26. Charu formation (of group)...... 23 P27. Pinang beds ...... 24 P28. Kelintau conglomerates (of Bentong group) ...... 24 P29. Belata formation ...... 24 P30. Kenny Hill formation ...... 25 P31. Kati beds ...... 25

v P32. Panching limestone (of Kuantan group)...... 25 P33. Sagor formation (of Kuantan group) ...... 27 P34. Aring Formation...... 27 P35. Kepis beds ...... 28 P36. Taku schists ...... 28 P37. Chuping limestone ...... 29 P38. Redang beds ...... 30 P39. Dohol formation ...... 30 P39.1 Sumalayang Limestone member (of Dohol formation) ...... 30 P40. Seri Jaya beds ...... 31 P40.1. Jempul slates (of Seri Jaya beds) ...... 31 P40.1.1. Luit tuffs (of Jempul slates) ...... 32 P40.2. Mengapur limestones (of Seri Jaya beds) ...... 32 P41. volcanic ...... 32 P42. Linggiu formation ...... 32 1.2. SARAWAK ...... 33 P43. Tuang formation...... 33 P44. Terbat Formation...... 33 REFERENCES FOR PALAEOZOIC ...... 34 Part 2. MESOZOIC — MOHD. SHAFEEA LEMAN ...... 37 INTRODUCTION ...... 37 2.1. PENINSULAR MALAYSIA ...... 42 M1. Semanggol formation...... 42 M1.1. Chert member (of Semanggol formation)...... 42 M1.2. Rhythmite member (of Semanggol formation) ...... 43 M1.3. Conglomerate member (of Semanggol formation)...... 43 M2. Gua Musang formation ...... 43 M3. Kodiang Limestone ...... 46 M4. Jurong formation ...... 47 M4.1. Gunung Pulai volcanic member (of Jurong formation) ...... 47 M4.2. Bukit Resam member (of Jurong formation) ...... 47 M4.3. Pasir Panjang member (of Jurong formation) ...... 48 M5. Telong formation...... 48 M6. Buluh sandstone ...... 49 M7. Gunung Rabong formation ...... 49 M8. Semantan Formation (of Raub group) ...... 49 M9. Gemas formation...... 50 M10. Kaling Formation (of Raub group) ...... 50 M11. Hulu Lepar bed ...... 51 M12. Koh Formation ...... 52 M13. Kerum formation (?of Tembeling group) ...... 52 M14. Lanis Conglomerate (of Tembeling group) ...... 52 M15. Mangking Sandstone (of Tembeling group) ...... 53 M16. Termus Shale (of Tembeling group) ...... 53 M17. Murau Conglomerate (?of Tembeling group) ...... 53 M18. Badong Conglomerate (of Gagau group) ...... 54 M19. Lotong Sandstone (of Gagau group) ...... 54 M20. Tebak Formation (Panti sandstone) ...... 54 M21. Ulu Bed ...... 55 M22 Formation ...... 55 M23. Bertangga Sandstone...... 55 M24. Gerek Sandstone ...... 56 M25. Ma’Okil Formation ...... 56 M26. Saiong Bed ...... 56 vi M27. Lesong sandstone ...... 56 M28. Nenering Bed ...... 56 2.2. SARAWAK ...... 57 M29. Sadong Formation ...... 57 M30. Serian Volcanic Formation ...... 57 M31. Kedadom Formation ...... 58 M32. Sejingkat Formation...... 58 M33. Pedawan Formation ...... 58 M34. Serabang Formation ...... 59 M35. Bau Limestone ...... 60 M36. Sebangan Hornstone ...... 61 2.3. SABAH ...... 61 M37. Madai-Baturong Formation ...... 61 REFERENCES FOR MESOZOIC ...... 62 Part 3. CENOZOIC — KAMALUDIN BIN HASSAN ...... 65 INTRODUCTION ...... 65 3.1. PENINSULAR MALAYSIA ...... 75 C1. Coal measures ...... 75 C2. Enggor coal beds ...... 75 C3. Bukit Arang coal beds ...... 75 C4. Niyor formation ...... 76 C5. Kepong formation ...... 76 C6. Layang Layang formation ...... 76 C6.1. Badak Shale member (of Layang Layang formation) ...... 76 C6.2. Pengeli Sand member (of Layang Layang formation) ...... 77 C7. Lawin Basin deposits ...... 77 C8. Boulder beds ...... 77 C9. Old alluvium ...... 78 C10. Simpang formation ...... 79 C11. Kempadang formation ...... 80 C12. Young alluvium ...... 80 C13. Gula formation ...... 80 C13.1. Matang Gelugur member (of Gula formation) ...... 81 C13.2. Port Weld member (of Gula formation) ...... 81 C13.3. Buntar member (of Gula formation) ...... 82 C14. formation...... 82 C14.1. Pengkalan member (of Beruas formation) ...... 82 3.2. SARAWAK ...... 83 C15. Belaga Formation ...... 83 C15.1. Layar Member (of Belaga Formation) ...... 83 C15.2. Member (of Belaga Formation) ...... 84 C15.3. Metah Member (of Belaga Formation) ...... 84 C15.4. Pelagus Member (of Belaga Formation) ...... 85 C15.5. Bawang member (of Belaga Formation) ...... 86 C16. Kayan sandstone ...... 86 C17. Julan Formation ...... 87 C18. Mulu Formation ...... 88 C19. Kelalan Formation ...... 89 C19.1. Temala member (of Kelalan Formation) ...... 89 C20. Lubok Antu Mélange ...... 89 C21. formation ...... 92 C21.1. Sap Marl member (of Tatau formation) ...... 93 C22. Kelabit formation ...... 93 C23. Buan formation ...... 94

vii C24. Nyalau Formation ...... 94 C24.1 Biban Sandstone Member (of Nyalau Formation) ...... 96 C24.2 Kakus member (of Nyalau Formation) ...... 96 C25. Meligan Formation ...... 96 C26. Melinau Limestone Formation ...... 97 C26.1. Melinau limestone (of Melinau Limestone Formation) ...... 98 C26.2. Keramit limestone and marls (of Melinau Limestone Formation) ...... 98 C26.3. Selidong limestone (of Melinau Limestone Formation) ...... 99 C26.4. Batu Gading limestone (of Melinau Limestone Formation) ...... 99 C26.5. Tujoh-Siman limestone (of Melinau Limestone Formation) ...... 100 C27. Temburong formation ...... 101 C28. Setap Shale Formation ...... 102 C28.1 Batu Blah member (of Setap Shale Formation) ...... 103 C29. Tubau formation...... 103 C30. Tangap Formation ...... 104 C30.1. Subis Limestone member (of Tangap Formation) ...... 105 C31. Sibuti Formation ...... 105 C32. Silantek Formation ...... 106 C32.1. Basal Sandstone member (of Silantek Formation) ...... 107 C32.2. Temudok member (of Silantek Formation) ...... 107 C32.3. Upper Silantek Redbed member (of Silantek Formation) ...... 108 C33. Plateau sandstone ...... 108 C34. Lambir Formation ...... 108 C35. Belait formation ...... 109 C36. formation...... 110 C37. Tukau Formation ...... 111 C38. formation ...... 111 C39. Begrih formation ...... 112 C39.1. Begrih Conglomerate member (of Begrih formation) ...... 113 C39.2. Tunggal-Ransi Conglomerate member (of Begrih formation) ...... 113 C40. Liang formation ...... 113 C40.1 Lumut member (of Liang formation) ...... 114 C40.2 Berakas member (of Liang formation) ...... 114 C40.3 Patan member (of Liang formation) ...... 115 3.3. SABAH ...... 115 C41. Chert-Spilite formation ...... 115 C42. Sapulut Formation...... 118 C43. Trusmadi formation ...... 119 C44. Crocker formation ...... 120 C44.1. Banggi Limestone member (of Crocker formation) ...... 122 C45. East Crocker Formation ...... 122 C46. West Crocker formation ...... 123 C46.1. Pa Plandok Marl Member (of West Crocker formation) ...... 123 C47. Kulapis formation ...... 124 C48. Kalumpang Formation ...... 125 C48.1. Sebatik Sandstone-Shale member (of Kalumpang Formation) ...... 127 C48.2. Sipit Limestone member (of Kalumpang Formation) ...... 127 C48.3. Sandstone Chert facies (of Kalumpang Formation) ...... 127 C48.4. Volcanic facies (of Kalumpang Formation) ...... 127 C49. Napu sandstones...... 128 C50. Temburong formation ...... 128 C51. Labang formation ...... 129 C52. Tambang beds ...... 131

viii C53. Kamansi beds ...... 131 C54. Langusan beds ...... 132 C55. Kudat Formation ...... 132 C55.1. Tajau Sandstone Member (of Kudat Formation) ...... 133 C55.2. Sekuati Member (of Kudat Formation) ...... 133 C55.3. Garau Red Shale Member (of Kudat Formation) ...... 133 C55.4. Gomantong Member (of Kudat Formation)...... 134 C55.5. Sirar Member (of Kudat Formation) ...... 134 C55.6. Dudar Member (of Kudat Formation) ...... 134 C56. Wariu formation ...... 135 C57. Balung formation ...... 136 C58. Gomantong Limestone formation ...... 137 C59. Meligan Formation ...... 137 C60. South Banggi formation...... 138 C61. Kuamut formation ...... 139 C62. Ayer formation ...... 143 C62.1. Tempadong Limestone member (of Ayer formation) ...... 144 C63. Libong Tuffite formation ...... 145 C64. Tanjong formation...... 146 C65. Kalabakan formation ...... 147 C66. Bongaya Formation...... 148 C66.1. Balambangan Limestone member (of Bongaya Formation) ...... 149 C67. Kapilit formation ...... 149 C68. Simengaris formation...... 150 C69. Garinono formation...... 151 C70. Sandakan formation ...... 153 C71. Tungku formation ...... 154 C71.1. Bagahak Pyroclastic member (of Tungku formation) ...... 155 C72. Tabanak Conglomerate ...... 155 C73. Sebahat formation ...... 156 C74. Umas Umas Formation ...... 157 C75. Ganduman formation ...... 157 C76. Timohing formation ...... 158 C76.1. West Timohing member (of Timohing formation) ...... 158 C76.2. East Timohing member (of Timohing formation) ...... 158 C77. Togopi Formation...... 159 C78. Pinosuk gravels ...... 159 REFERENCES FOR CENOZOIC ...... 160

ix

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND

The Malaysian Stratigraphic Central Registry Database was assigned to different members of the subcommittee. It Subcommittee (MSCRDS) was formed in 1995 to collate was originally decided that the lexicon would have four existing published stratigraphic data to produce a lexicon sections:– (i) Palaeozoic (P), (ii) Mesozoic (M), (iii) of Malaysian stratigraphy up to that time as a ready Cenozoic Onshore (C) and (iv) Cenozoic Offshore (OC). reference for those who want to erect new formations or The Cenozoic Offshore part was later left out because the revise existing ones. This was to complement the work of criteria used for naming the formations and information the National Stratigraphic Nomenclature Subcommittee available from oil companies were too different from that that had set out to publish the Malaysian Stratigraphic used by stratigraphers working on land. Guide to produce a code or guide for stratigraphers working Stratigraphic formations that straddle era boundaries in Malaysia to follow when setting up new formations or would be included in the section where the bulk of the revising extant ones. The members of the MSCRDS consist sediments within the unit are found, e.g. the Permo-Triassic of stratigraphers from the Department of Geology in the Semanggol formation is placed under Mesozoic. The University of Malaya, Faculty of Science and Technology formations in each section are divided up into those from (Geology Programme), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak and arranged (National University of Malaysia), Department of Minerals according to their ages from the oldest to the youngest. and Geoscience (formerly Geological Survey Department) The formations are arranged from oldest to youngest of Malaysia and PETRONAS. in each section and numbered accordingly, eg. P1 is the A copy of the essential information needed for each oldest Paleozoic formation and any subdivisions within the stratigraphic unit was drafted and the work of tracking down formation would be identified by a number after a full- the published information for the various sedimentary units stop, eg. P6.1 for the Basal limestone (of Setul formation).

Notes on the different categories of information

The 14 categories of information adopted for each units and series level for the Cenozoic units. More specific stratigraphic unit are explained below. ages are given in parentheses where available, e.g. Lower to Middle (Viséan to Namurian A). Uncertain Category 1: Name ages are indicated by a question mark before the uncertain It is the name of the stratigraphic unit at formation or part, e.g.? Lower (Lower is uncertain while equivalent level following the recommendations of Devonian is certain), or after the part if the whole age is in accepted stratigraphic nomenclature guidelines, e.g. capital question, e.g. to Triassic?(Permian to Triassic is ‘F’ for formal formations where a type section has been uncertain).These uncertainties are usually due to lack of proposed and lower case ‘f’ for informal formations. The diagnostic fossils within the unit. group the sedimentary formation belongs to, if any, is given in parenthesis, e.g. Grik siltstone (of Baling group). Category 4: References Subdivisions such as members are included where The first reference given in this category is that of appropriate and identified by their numbering, e.g. P6.1, the original proposal or publication of the name. as well as having the formation it belongs to given in Subsequent references in this category refer to other parenthesis, e.g. Basal limestone (of Setul formation). publications where additional data on the stratigraphic unit has been obtained. Category 2: Origin of name The origin of the name as proposed by its author is Category 5: Type area given where known. Most formations were named after The actual type area if designated is given but the geographic locations. general geographic locality where the stratigraphic unit is exposed if no type area has been designated. This is Category 3: Age necessary because many formations have no designated The age is given at the system level with Lower, type section and type area proposed but the general area Middle and Upper if available for Palaeozoic and Mesozoic where the unit has been mapped is disclosed.

1 Category 6: Type section Category 11: Subdivisions The location of the type section of the stratigraphic A list of any subdivisions, eg. members, found in unit if it has been proposed. Most of the formations in the stratigraphic unit is given. Details of the subunit Malaysia lack a type section and hence are informal. Some would be found in their individual records which follow may have type sections mentioned but are not provided after the main unit if such subdivisions are substantially with lithological logs or detailed descriptions. Some described in publications. Minor subdivisions lacking publications give a reference section instead of a type such details such as informal units or facies are just section. mentioned in this section together with the relevant reference. Category 7: Boundaries The nature of the basal and upper boundaries, whether Category 12: Fossils they are conformable, unconformable or unexposed in A list of the fossils found in the unit, arranged according relation to the stratigraphic units above and below it are to their general groups eg. brachiopod, cephalopod, described where available. In some cases the contacts are conodont, coral, trilobite, etc. based on published data is faulted boundaries. included. Unpublished fossils would be relegated to the category under “Remarks”. The fossil data is rather variable Category 8: Correlation in both quantity and quality for most units. Obvious correlation with other units in adjacent areas in the country and more rarely in neighbouring countries Category 13: Environment of deposition is stated if given in the publications. The environment of deposition as originally interpreted in publications by the proposer or later workers is provided. Category 9: Thickness Many units do not have such an interpretation. Some The thickness in meters with feet in parenthesis as is interpretations are unclear and some have changed with published is given. The symbol ± denotes approximately time based on new discoveries. or estimated, < denotes less than and > denotes greater than. Most of the thicknesses are not measured directly Category 14: Remarks but calculated from mapped sections. Relevant comments on the stratigraphic unit under discussion not included under the other categories, eg. Category 10: Lithology history of nomenclature, useful unpublished information, A brief description of the lithology of the stratigraphic personal communications etc. are placed here. unit as summarized from published sources is given.

2 CENOZOIC

Part 1 PALAEOZOIC

LEE CHAI PENG Department of Geology, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur

INTRODUCTION formation in north and the Bentong group consisting The bulk of the Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks of of the Pilah schist and its correlatives and the Karak Malaysia are found in the peninsula where they occupy formation which is distributed as an unbroken belt along about 25% of the land area. Only two formations, the Pre- the eastern foothills of the Main Range. Other important Upper Carboniferous Tuang formation and the Upper Palaeozoic units in this zone are the to Permian Carboniferous to Lower Permian Terbat formation are Kinta limestone, Terolak formation and Kati formation in found in Sarawak. No Palaeozoic rocks have been reported Perak and the Lower Palaeozoic Dinding schist, from Sabah. Hawthornden schist, Kuala Lumpur limestone and Permian The 42 Palaeozoic formations of Peninsular Malaysia Kenny Hill formation in . These formations have are distributed in four northwesterly to northerly trending a mixture of shallow and deep facies and were assigned to zones parallel to the general elongation trend of the the geanticlinal part of the geosyncline. peninsula (Foo, 1983). They are the (i) Northwestern Zone, The Central Zone is that belt that stretches from (ii) Western Zone, (iii) Central Zone and (iv) Eastern Zone in the north to Johore in the south between the (Figure 1). The first two zones are sometimes combined eastern foothills of the Main Range to its eastern boundary into one (e.g. Aw, 1977) to give a three-fold division instead. formed by the Lebir fault in the north down to the western The sedimentary formations and their correlations in time boundary of the Dohol formation in the south. The oldest across these zones are given in Figure 2. sediments found are sporadic outcrops of Carboniferous Lower Palaeozoic rocks are confined to the western limestone while Permian sediments form the bulk of the part of the peninsula in the Northwestern and Western Zones Upper Palaeozoic sediments which occur as linear belts while the occurrence of Upper Palaeozoic rocks extends flanking the Mesozoic sediments on both edges of the zone. into and cover large tracts of land in the Central and Eastern Adjacent to the Lower Palaeozoic rocks in the eastern Zones. The grouping of Lower Palaeozoic rocks in the foothills of the Main Range are rocks of the Raub group in Northwestern and Western Zones had been largely West and Kepis formation in while influenced by geosynclinal theory with a shallow the Gua Musang and Aring formations are found to the miogeosyncline with shelf facies rocks to the west in north in South Kelantan and the Taku schist in eastern , Perlis and grading eastwards into a mixed Kelantan. The Upper Palaeozoic rocks of the Central Zone facies of geanticlinal rocks in Kedah, Perak and Selangor belong to the argillaceous, volcanic, calcareous and followed by eugeosynclinal basinal facies rocks in Pahang arenaceous facies with the first two being dominant. The and Negeri Sembilan to for central and south depositional environment was typically shallow marine Malaya (Figure 3). with intermittent active submarine volcanism starting in The Northwestern Zone is the area encompassing the Late Carboniferous and reaching its peak in the Permian Kedah, Perlis and the Langkawi Islands. It has the most and Triassic. In south Pahang and Johore ignimbrite of complete Palaeozoic sequence in the peninsula ranging in probable Lower Triassic age overlie unconformably age from the Upper to Upper Permian. The Permian phyllites marking a change from submarine to Palaeozoic formations found in this zone are the subaerial volcanism (Foo, 1983). Machinchang, Jerai, Setul, Mahang, Sungei Petani, Singa, The Eastern Zone stretches from east Kelantan in the Kubang Pasu and Chuping limestone. These were mainly north, down through Trengganu and east Pahang into east shallow marine shelf to basin facies miogeosynclinal rocks. Johore in the south. Most of the Palaeozoic sediments in The Western Zone is the area that stretches from the this zone are of Carbo-Permian age. Large areas of Perak – Thai border southwards to the state of Malacca Carboniferous sediments belonging to the Kuantan group adjacent to the flanks of the Main Range granite batholith. consisting of the Charu formation, Panching limestone and Two main stratigraphic groups in the zone are the Baling Sagor formation are found in east Pahang. Southwards group of Cambrian to Permian age consisting of the Papulut extensions are the Seri Jaya and Kambing beds while quartzite, Grik siltstone, Lawin tuff and Bendang Riang northwards extensions include the Sungei Perlis beds in

3 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Trengganu. These are mostly shallow marine argillo- arenaceous deposits with some isolated reefal limestone lenses and volcanics. Plant fossils present indicate terrestrial input. Sedimentation was probably continuous throughout the Carboniferous till the Early Permian in the northern part of the basin, while in the southern part Middle to Upper Permian sediments of the Dohol and Linggiu formation respectively are present in east Johore overlain by Lower Triassic ignimbrite. Localized conglomeratic deposits such as the Redang beds of probable Permian age are found along the east coast of the peninsula. Foo (1983) noted a marked reduction of volcanic facies in the northern part of the Eastern Zone compared with the Central Zone and attributed it to probable increased distance from the source of volcanism. No marine sediments younger than the Permian have been found in the Eastern Zone suggesting that it was uplifted probably towards the end of the Permian and coinciding with explosive deposition of the Johore ignimbrite. This set the stage for the continental sedimentation within the mobile Central Zone and subsequent tripartite evolution of the peninsula (Foo, 1983).

Figure 1. Stratigraphic zones of Peninsular Malaysia (after Foo, 1983).

Figure 2. Schematic classification and correlation of Palaeozoic formations of Peninsular Malaysia (after Foo, 1983).

4 PALAEOZOIC

Figure 3. Lithofacies map of the Lower Paleozoic rocks of the Malay Peninsula (after Jones, 1973).

5 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Table 1. List of Palaeozoic rock formations of Malaysia. No. Name Age PENINSULA MALAYSIA P1 Jerai formation Cambrian P2 Machinchang formation Cambrian to Lower P3 Dinding schist Cambrian to Ordovician P4 Papulut quartzite Upper Cambrian to Upper Ordovician P5 Pilah schists ?Ordovician P6 Setul formation Lower Ordovician to Lower Devonian P6.1 Basal limestone (of Setul formation) Lower Ordovician P6.2 Lower Setul limestone (of Setul formation) Middle to Upper Ordovician P6.3 Lower Detrital member (of Setul formation) Lower Silurian P6.4 Upper Setul limestone (of Setul formation) Upper Silurian P6.5 Upper Detrital member (of Setul formation) Lower Devonian P7 Hawthornden schist Ordovician to Lower Silurian P8 Terolak formation Ordovician to Silurian P9 Jelebu schists Pre-Silurian P10 Mahang Formation Ordovician to Middle Devonian P11 Grik siltstone (of Baling group) Upper Ordovician to Upper Silurian P12 Lawin tuff Upper Ordovician to Lower Silurian P13 Kroh formation (of Baling group) Upper Ordovician to Lower Devonian P14 Sungai Patani formation Silurian P15 Bendang Riang formation (of Baling group) Lower Silurian to Lower Devonian P16 Pelong beds (of Bentong group) Silurian to Lower Devonian P17 Kuala Lumpur limestone Middle to Upper Silurian P18 Kajang schists Upper Silurian to Devonian? P19 Karak formation Lower Devonian P20 Kinta limestone Lower Devonian to Middle Permian P20.1 Kim Loong No. 1 beds (of Kinta limestone) Silurian to Lower Devonian P20.2 Thye On beds (of Kinta limestone) Lower to Upper Devonian P20.3 Kuan On beds (of Kinta limestone) Lower to Upper Carboniferus P20.4 Kim Loong No. 3 beds (of Kinta limestone) Upper Carboniferous P20.5 Nam Loong beds (of Kinta limestone) Lower Permian P20.6 H.S. Lee beds (of Kinta limestone) Lower to Middle Permian P21 Salak Baharu beds Devonian to Permian P22 Singa formation Middle Devonian to Lower Permian P23 Kubang Pasu formation Upper Devonian to Lower Permian P24 Kambing beds Lower Carboniferous P24.1 Keliu slates (of Kambing beds) Lower Carboniferous P24.2 Terapai metasiltstones (of Kambing beds) Lower Carboniferous P25 Sungai Perlis beds Lower Carboniferous P26 Charu formation (of Kuantan group) Lower to Middle Carboniferous P27 Pinang beds Carboniferous? P28 Kelintau conglomerates (of Bentong group) Upper Carboniferous or Mesozoic? P29 Belata formation Carboniferous to Permian P30 Kenny Hill formation Carboniferous to Permian P31 Kati beds Carboniferous to Permian? P32 Panching limestone (of Kuantan group) Middle Carboniferous P33 Sagor formation (of Kuantan group) Upper Carboniferous P34 Aring Formation Upper Carboniferous to Lower Triassic P35 Kepis beds Lower Permian P36 Taku schists Permian to Triassic? (or older) P37 Chuping limestone Lower Permian to Middle or Upper Triassic P38 Redang beds Permian P39 Dohol formation Middle Permian P39.1 Sumalayang limestone member (of Dohol formation) Middle Permian P40 Seri Jaya beds Upper Middle to Lower Upper Permian P40.1 Jempul slates (of Seri Jaya beds) Permian P40.1.1 Luit tuffs (of Jempul slates) Permian P40.2 Mengapur limestones (of Seri Jaya beds) Middle to Upper Permian P41 Sedili Volcanic formation Upper Middle Permian to Middle Triassic P42 Linggiu formation Upper Permian SARAWAK P43 Tuang formation ?Pre-Upper Carboniferous P44 Terbat formation Upper Carboniferous to Lower Permian

6 PALAEOZOIC P6.1 P6.2,6.3,6.4&6.5 P37

P2

P23 P22

P36 P15 P1 P13 P14 P38 P27 P11 P12

P10 P4 P34 P31 P21

P25 P20

P24 P33 P26 P8 P32 P40.2 P40 P29

P19 P40.1

P3&P7 P17 P30 P9 P28 P18 P16 P35

P5 P39.1 P39

P41 P42

Figure 4. Location of type area of onland Palaeozoic rock formations of Peninsular Malaysia. Map reproduced with the permission of the Director-General of Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia. 7 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA 3.1. PENINSULAR MALAYSIA 12. Fossils : brachiopod Eoorthis sp. Lingulids P1. trace fossil 1. Name : Jerai formation Arenicolites sp. 2. Origin of name : After Gunung Jerai, central Kedah Chondrites sp. 3. Age : Cambrian Dictyodora sp. 4. References : Bradford (1972), Jones (1973) Palaeophycus sp. 5. Type area : Gunung Jerai, central Kedah Phycodes pedum Seilacher 6. Type section : Planolites sp. 7. Boundaries : Base unexposed. Conformable Skolithos sp. contact with Setul formation and Teichichnus stellatum Baldwin Lower Silurian graptolitic argillite Thallasinoides sp. from boreholes in Sungei Patani trilobite 8. Correlation : Machinchang formation, ? Acontheus sp. Langkawi Eosaukia sp. 9. Thickness : 1425 m ? Saukioides sp. 10. Lithology : Quartz arenite with occassional 13. Env. of deposition : High destructive, wave dominated feldspar grit, quartz-mica schist delta over offshore shelf deposit and phyllite with occassional (Lee, 1983) amphibole and garnet-bearing 14. Remarks : More fossils have been reported schist. in the equivalent Tarutao 11. Subdivisions : Two members in Jones (1973) formation to the north in Thailand 12. Fossils : (Lee, 1983). 13. Env. of deposition : Shelf 14. Remarks : The trace fossil, Diplichnites sp. P3. is found in Gunung Jerai 1. Name : Dinding schist 2. Origin of name : After Bukit Dinding, Kuala P2. Lumpur 1. Name : Machinchang formation 3. Age : Cambrian to Ordovician 2. Origin of name : After Gunung Machinchang in 4. References : Gobbett (1965) northwest Langkawi, Kedah. 5. Type area : Bukit Dinding (Wangsa Maju), 3. Age : Cambrian to Lower Ordovician Kuala Lumpur. 4. References : Jones, (1961, 1981); Lee (1983); 6. Type section : Mohd. Shafeea Leman (l997) 7. Boundaries : Grades upwards into 5. Type area : Machinchang District, northwest Hawthornden schist Langkawi 8. Correlation : Lower part with Machinchang 6. Type section : formation 7. Boundaries : Base unexposed. Gradational 9. Thickness : 3400 m upper contact with Setul 10. Lithology : Quartz-mica schist, quartzite and formation subsidiary actinolite, diopside and 8. Correlation : Jerai formation, Kedah; Tarutao epidote schist and schistose formation, Thailand conglomerate 9. Thickness : ± 2830 m 11. Subdivisions : Quartzite member in the middle 10. Lithology : Sandstone, quartzite and of quartz mica schist subsidiary beds of conglomerate, 12. Fossils : grit, siltstone, flaggy shale and 13. Env. of deposition : Eugeosyncline mudstone and acid tuffs. 14. Remarks : 11. Subdivisions : Lower, Middle and Upper member in Lee (l983)

8 PALAEOZOIC P4. P6. 1. Name : Papulut quartzite (of Baling 1. Name : Setul formation group) 2. Origin of name : After Setul (Satun) Province, 2. Origin of name : After Papulut Forest, north Perak Thailand 3. Age : Upper Cambrian to Upper 3. Age : Lower Ordovician to Lower Ordovician Devonian 4. References : Jones (1973) 4. References : Jones (1961, 1968, 1973, 1981) 5. Type area : Papulut Forest, south of Grik, 5. Type area : North and northeast Langkawi, north Perak Kedah. Outcrops extensively in 6. Type section : Setul Boundary Range, Perlis 7. Boundaries : Lower boundary unknown 6. Type section : Transitional upper boundary to 7. Boundaries : Lower gradational contact with Grik siltstone Machinchang formation. 8. Correlation : Probably with Machinchang and Unexposed upper contact with Jerai formations Singa and Kubang Pasu 9. Thickness : ± 1500 m formations. 10. Lithology : Predominantly of light brown 8. Correlation : Mahang formation in south Kedah protoquartzite and subgreywacke formation in and subsidiary lithic greywacke and Hawthornden schist in Kuala and conglomerate with chert and Lumpur. quartzite pebbles and minor lenses 9. Thickness : 1550 m of shale, limestone and schistose 10. Lithology : Well-bedded, dark grey, greywacke. crystalline shelly limestone with 11. Subdivisions : at least two detrital members of 12. Fossils : grey quartzite and subgreywacke 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow water black, brown and grey siltstone 14. Remarks : and black carbonaceous and red shale and cherty beds. P5. 11. Subddivisions : Divided into Basal limestone, Lower Setul limestone, Lower 1. Name : Pilah schists Detrital member, Upper Setul 2. Origin of name : After Kuala Pilah, Negeri limestone and Upper Detrital Sembilan member. 3. Age : Pre-Permian, (? Ordovician) 12. Fossils : 4. References : Khoo (l973) cephalopod (nautiloid) 5. Type area : Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan Ormoceras langkawiensis, Kobayashi, 6. Type section : Endoceras sp., 7. Boundaries : Unconformable upper contact Stereoplasmoceras sp., with Kepis beds Discoceras (?Hardmenoceras) chrysanthimum, 8. Correlation : Dinding schist of Selangor Kobayashi 10. Lithology : Predominantly grey coloured Discoceras (?Hardmenoceras) laeviventrum carbonaceous shale, siltstone, Kobayashi, slate, phyllite and schists with Armenoceras chediforme Kobayashi, minor beds of arenite, limestone Chaohuceras sp., and volcanics. Wutinoceras robustum (Kobayashi & Matsumoto), 11. Subdivisions : Tongfangoceras nanpiaoense, 12. Fossils : Manchuroceras sp., 13. Env. of deposition : Mesaktoceras sp., 14. Remarks : Actinoceras sp., gastropod Hormotoma sp., Helicotoma jonesi Kobayashi, ?Helicotoma costata Kobayashi, Palaeomphalus giganteus Kobayashi,

9 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Leseurilla zonata Kobayashi, Acontiodus insculptus Branson & Mehl, Malayspira rugosa Kobayashi, Cordyolus sp., Lytospira rectangularis Kobayashi, Drepanodus subarcuatus Furnish, Teiichispira Kobayashi, Yochelson & Jones, Drepanodus altipes Henningsnoen, Megalomphala sp., Falcodus sp., Lophospira sp., Keislognatus sp., trilobite brachiopod Dalmanitina malayensis Kobayashi & Hamada, Emanuella malayensis Hamada, Langgonbole vulgaris Kobayashi & Hamada, strophomenids, Stenopareia sp., plectambonids, Geragnostella sp., tentaculitid Trinodus sp., Nowakia sp., Geratrinodus purconvexus Kobayashi & Hamada, Styliolina sp., Geratrinodus levigatus Kobayashi & Hamada, scaphopod Eccoptochile sp., Dentalium sp., Nileus malayensis Kobayashi Hamada, polyplacophoran Rempleurides cf. Emerginatus Tornquist, Chelodes sp., Microparia sp., ostracod Raphiophorus sp., stromotoporoid Lonchodomas rhombeus Kobayashi & Hamada, crinoid Decoroproetus sp. stromatolite Ligonodina sp., 13. Env. of deposition : Shelf Neoprioniodus sp, 14. Remarks : Burton (1970) has pointed out the Oistodus lanceolatus Pander, impropriety of using a geographic Panderodus acostatus (Branson & Branson), name not from a Malayan locality Panderodus unicostatus (Branson & Mehl), for a Malaysian formation. The Scandodus bassleri (Furnish), name “Kaki Bukit limestone” was Scolopodus giganteus Sweet & Bergstrom,, proposed as a replacement. Scolopodus aff. oneotensis (Furnish), Plectospathodus sp., P6.1. Trichonodella sp., 1. Name : Basal limestone (of Setul Kockerella sp., formation) Ozarkodina sp., 2. Origin of name : Ulrichodina wisconsinensis Furnish, 3. Age : Lower Ordovician Amorphognathus sp., 4. References : Jones (1973, 1981) Bryantodus sp., 5. Type area : Kuala Kubang Badak, north Distamodus sp. Langkawi, Kedah graptolite 6. Type section : Monograptus langgunensis Jones, 7. Boundaries : Conformable passage beds with Monograptus cf. Uniformis Pribyl, underlying Machinchang Monograptus sedgwickii (Portlock), formation. Monograptus convolutus (Hisinger), 8. Correlation : Lowermost Thung Song Monograptus gregarius Lapworth, Limestone of Ko Tarutao, Monograptus cyphus (Lapworth), Thailand Dimorphograptus malayensis Jones, 10. Lithology : Grey, heavily banded limestone Orthograptus vesiculosus (Nicholson), with abundant siliceous partings Glyptograptus tamariscus (Nicholson), 11. Subdivisions : Climacograptus medius Tornquist, 12. Fossils : Climacograptus scalaris (Hisinger), cephalopod Climacograptus rectangularis (MaCoy), Robsonoceras sp. Diplograptus modestus Lapworth, nautiloids conodont polyplacophoran Acodus similaris Rhodes, Chelodes sp. Acodus inornatus Ethington, sponge

10 PALAEOZOIC 13. Env. of deposition : Drepanodus altipes Hennigs meon 14. Remarks : It was metamorphosed by the Faltodus sp. Raya Granite and its relationship Gnathodus sp. with the other parts of the Setul Ligonodina sp. limestone is unclear. Neopionodus sp. Oisdotudus laceolatus Pander P6.2 Oisdotudus orientalis Igo & Koike Panderodus unicostatus (Branson & Mehl) 1. Name : Lower Setul limestone (of Setul Scolopodus cf. bassleri (Furnish) formation) Scolopodus giganteus Sweet & Bergstrom 2. Origin of name : Scolopodus insculptus (Branson & Mehl) 3. Age : Middle to Upper Ordovician Scolopodus psendoquadratus Branson & Mehl 4. References : Jones (1973, 1981); Igo & Koike Scolopodus staufferi (Furnish) (1966) Scolopodus vulgaris (Branson & Mehl) 5. Type area : Pulau Langgun, northeast Trichonodella cf. inconstans Walliser Langkawi, Kedah Ulrichodina misconsinensis Furnish 6. Type section : gastropod 7. Boundaries : Helicotoma costata Kobayashi 8. Correlation : Hormotoma sp. 9. Thickness : 1020 m Leusueurilla zonata Kobayashi 10. Lithology : Thickly bedded, dark-grey, finely Lytospira rugosa Kobayashi crystalline limestone with Palaeonphalus giganteus Kobayashi sporadic rich shelly horizons. The Teiichispira Kobayashi Yochelson & Jones rock is variably dolomitic and of 13. Env. of deposition : a characteristic banded 14. Remarks : This unit forms the bulk of the appearance with strongly Setul formation. developed stylolites and irregular laminae. Top of this unit is conspicuous discrete pink P6.3. limestone. 1. Name : Lower Detrital member (of Setul 11. Subdivisions : Jones (1973, p.34) has informally formation) divided it into three units 2. Origin of name : 12. Fossils : 3. Age : Lower Silurian, (Lower to Lower brachiopod Upper Llandovery) strophomenids 4. References : Jones (1973, 1981) orthids 5. Type area : Pulau Langgun, northeast cephalopod (nautiloid) Langkawi, Kedah Antinoceras perlisense Kobayashi 6. Type section : West coast of Pulau Langgun Armenoceras chediforme Kobayashi (Jones, 1981 p. 64) Discoceras (Hardmenoceras?) chrysanthemm 7. Boundaries : Kobayashi 8. Correlation : Discoceras (Hardmenoceras?) laeviventrum Kobayashi 9. Thickness : 27 m Endoceras sp. 10. Lithology : Black carbonaceous siltstone, Ormoceras langkawiense Kobayashi fissile and flaggy shale and chert Stereoplasmoceras sp. layers. coelenterate 11. Subdivisions : Jones (1973 p. 43) has 6 informal cystid units. conodont 12. Fossils : Acodus oneotensis Furnish gastropod Acodus similaris Rhodes Megalomphada sp. Acodus mutatus (Branson & Mehl) Lophospira sp. Acontiodus hamari Igo & Koike graptolite Acontiodus malayensis Igo & Koike Climacograptus medius Tornquist Cordylodus cf. excavatus Climacograptus rectangularis (McCoy) Distamodus? Climacograptus scalaris (Hisinger)

11 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Climacograptus yangtzeensis Hsu Amorphognathus sp. Demirastrites convolutus (Hisinger) Bryantodus sp. Dimorphograptus malayensis Jones Cordylodus sp. Diplograptus modestus Lapworth Cyrtyoniodus sp. Glyptograptus persculptus (Salter) Distamodus sp. Glyptograptus tamariscus (Nicholson) Drepanodus langoonensis Igo & Koike Monograptus convolutus (Hisinger) Drepanodus malayensis Igo & Koike Monograptus distans (Portlock) Drepanodus suberectus (Branson & Mehl) Monograptus gregarius Lapworth Kockerella sp. Monograptus sedgwickii (Portlock) Ligonodina cf. salopia Rhodes Orthograptus vesiculosus (Nicholson) Multioistodus sp. Pernograptus revolutus (Kurch) Ozarkodina media Walliser Petalograptus tenuis (Barvande) Panderodus unicostatus (Brenson & Mehl) Pristograptus concinnus (Lapworth) Plectospathodus elegans Pristograptus cyphus (Lapworth) Plectospathodus extensus Rhodes Pristograptus regularis (Tornquist) Prioniodina bicurvata Ethington Pristograptus sandersoni (Lapworth) Roundya sp. Retiolites (Pseudoretiolites) perlatus (Nicholson) Sapthognathodus sp. Rhaphidograptus tornquisti (Elles & Wood) Trichonodella excavata Ethington trilobite Trichonodella cf. inconstans Walliser Dalmanitina malayensis Kobayashi & Hamada scaphopod Stenopareia sp. Dentalium sp. 13. Env. of deposition : trilobite 14. Remark : Renamed “Mempelam 13. Env. of deposition : Argillaceous member” by Burton 14. Remarks : (1974). P.6.5. P6.4. 1. Name : Upper Detrital member (of Setul 1. Name : Upper Setul limestone (of Setul formation) formation) 2. Origin of name : 2. Origin of name : 3. Age : Lower Devonian, 3. Age : Upper Silurian 4. References : Jones (1973, 1981) 4. References : Jones (1973, 1981); Igo & 5. Type area : Pulau Langgun, northeast Koike (1966) Langkawi, Kedah 5. Type area : Pulau Langgun, northwest 6. Type section : West coast of Pulau Langgun Langkawi, Kedah (Jones 1981, p. 66) 6. Type section : 7. Boundaries : Unconformable upper contact 7. Boundaries : with red conglomeratic mudstones 8. Correlation : of Upper Devonian age 9. Thickness : ± 120 m 8. Correlation : 10. Lithology : Banded, light grey, stylolitic 9. Thickness : ± 140 m limestone less fossiliferous than 10. Lithology : Grey quarzite and subgreywacke, Lower Setul limestone brown and grey siltstone, and 11. Subdivisions : black carbonaceous and red shale. 12. Fossils : 11. Subdivisions : cephalopod (nautiloid) 12. Fossils : Endoceras sp. bivalve Ormoceras sp. graptolite conodont Monograptus langgunensis, Jones Acodus jonesi Igo & Koike Monograptus cf. uniformis Pribyl Acodus hamari Igo & Koike tentaculitid Acodus langkawiensis Igo & Koike Nowakia sp. Acodus mutatus (Branson & Mehl) Styliolina sp.

12 PALAEOZOIC 13. Env. of deposition : Final phase of infilling off Subdivision : Argillaceous, arenaceous and miogeosyncline limestone facies. 14. Remarks : Renamed “Langgon shale” by 12. Fossils : Burton (1974) cephalopod ?Cochlioceras sp. Endoceras s.l. sp. P7. ?Stereoplasmaceras sp. Orthoceras s.l. sp. 1. Name : Hawthornden schist Ormoceras (? Pararmoceras) sp. 2. Origin of name : After Hawthornden Estate, Kuala 13. Env. of deposition : Marine Lumpur. 14. Remarks : Part of ‘Calcareous Series’ of Roe 3. Age : Ordovician to Lower Silurian, (1951). The fossils are in 4. References : Gobett (1965), Yin (in prep.) limestone from Kalumpang near 5. Type area : Former Hawthornden Estate, , south Perak. Kuala Lumpur 6. Type section : 7. Boundaries : Lower boundary gradational with P9. Dinding schist. Upper boundary 1. Name : Jelebu schists conformable with Kuala Lumpur 2. Origin of name : After Jelebu District, Negeri limestone. Sembilan 8. Correlation : Mahang Formation and Baling 3. Age : Pre-Silurian Group. Terolak formation. Upper 4. References : Shu (1989), Loganathan (1993) part equivalent to Kuala Lumpur 5. Type area : Along the Sungei Jerang, Sungei Limestone Sertang and from Kampung Cenah 9. Thickness : 910 m (VK 550420) along Sungei 10. Lithology : Carbonaceous schist and phyllite Kenaboi 11. Subdivisions : Yin separated it into ‘Kajang 6. Type section : Schist’ above and Hawthornden 7. Boundaries : Unconformable upper contact schist below with Pelong beds 12. Fossils : 8. Correlation : Kuala Lumpur schists 13. Env. of deposition : Eugeosyncline 9. Thickness : ± 3000 m 14. Remarks : 10. Lithology : Mixed sequence of argillaceous, arenaceous and carbonaceous P8. sediments, metamorphosed to quartz-mica schist, quartz schist, 1. Name : Terolak formation quartz-sericite-chlorite schist, 2. Origin of name : After Terolak town (101o 22’E, 3o quartz-graphite and graphitics 53’N), south Perak. phyllite with minor lenses of 3. Age : Ordovician - Silurian calcareous sediments and basic 4. References : Gan (l992) igneus rocks converted to 5. Type area : Terolak (), south Perak amphibolite schist. 6. Type section : 11. Subdivisions : 7. Boundaries : 12. Fossils 8. Correlation : Calcareous member equivalent to 13. Env. of deposition : Eugeosyncline Kuala Lumpur limestone 14. Remarks : Referred to as “Arenaceous (Gobbett, 1965), schist equivalent Formation” (Richardson, 1946), to Hawthornden schist (Gobbett, “Arenaceous Series” (Alexander, 1965) of Kuala Lumpur area. 1959), “Lower Arenaceous 10. Lithology : Major argillaceous facies of Series” and “Bentung Group” quartz-mica scist, graphitic schist (Alexander, 1959). Loganathan and phyllite, minor arenaceous (1993) proposed that the Karak facies of metaquartzite and quartz Formation be upgraded to Karak schist, minor limestone facies of group with the Pelong beds marble with minor presence of overlying the Jelebu schists dolomite. unconformably.

13 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA P10. foraminifera 1. Name : Mahang Formation cnidarian 2. Origin of name : After the town Mahang in Kulim, 13. Env. of deposition : Restricted euxinic basin with south Kedah. intermittent connections to the 3. Age : Ordovician to Middle Devonian open ocean. 4. References : Burton (1967, 1988) 14. Remarks : The “Sungei Patani Formation” of 5. Type area : Central and south Kedah Bradford (1972) and Courtier 6. Type section : Sungei , Dublin Estate, (1974) is homologous with the Machang , Kedah (Lat 50°22’ Mahang Formation (Burton, 09”N, long. 1080 43’04”E) 1988). 7. Boundaries : Lower boundary with Jerai formation unexposed. P11. Comformable Upper boundary 1. Name : Grik siltstone (of Baling Group) with Kubang Pasu formation. 2. Origin of name : After Grik town, Upper (north) 8. Correlation : Setul formation in Langkawi and Perak. Perlis-Baling Group in east Kedah 3. Age : Upper Ordovician to Upper and north Perak Upper part with Silurian, (Llandovery) Kampong Sena formation. Sungei 4. References : Jones (l973) Patani formation. 5. Type area : Northwest of Grik town 9. Thickness : Keroh formation. Pilah schist. 6. Type section : Karak formation. 7. Boundaries : Transitional lower boundary to 10. Lithology : Black carbonaceous and siliceous Papulut quartzite and transitional graptolitic argillite, siltstone, upper boundary to Bendang Riang cherty rocks and occasional lighter formation. coloured arenite of euxinic aspect. 8. Correlation : 11. Subdivisions : Burton (1967) divided it into four 9. Thickness : facies - argillaceous, arenaceous, 10. Lithology : Carbonaceous siltstone siliceous and calcareous but not 11. Subdivisions : stratigraphically. 12. Fossils : 12. Fossils : 13. Env. of deposition : graptolite 14. Remarks : Foo (l983) proposed to include it Monograptus gregarius Lapworth, as a member within the Bendang Monograptus cf. inopinus Tornquist, Riang formation as it is lenticular Monograptus aff. concinnus Lapworth, and extremely localized. Monograptus decipiens Tornquist, Monograptus convolutus Hisinger, P12. Monograptus aff. galaensis Lapworth, Cephalograptus tubularifornis Nicholson, 1. Name : Lawin tuff Climacograptus hughesi Nicholson, 2. Origin of name : After Lawin town Climacograptus rectangularis M’coy, 3. Age : Upper Ordovician to Lower Diplograptus modestus Lapworth, Silurian, Glyptograptus sinnuatus Nicholson, 4. References : Jones (1970, 1973 Orthograptus sp., 5. Type area : Around Grik and Lawin, north tentaculitid Perak Nowakia cf. acuaria, 6. Type section : Styliolina ex.gr. fissurella Hall 7. Boundaries : Interfingers with clastic rocks of trilobite Baling group cyclopygids 8. Correlation : Papulut quartzite and Grik crinoid siltstone hystrichosphere 9. Thickness : Dictyotidium sp., 10. Lithology : Bedded and speckled grey to bivalve green coloured crystal tuffs of brachiopod rhyolitic to rhyodacitic radiolarian composition.

14 PALAEOZOIC 11. Subdivisions : 7. Boundaries : Overlie Jerai formation 12. Fossils : conformably 13. Env. of deposition : 8. Correlation : Mahang Formation (Courtier, 14. Remarks : Referred to as Grik pyroclastic 1979), Setul formation, (Jones, member of the Baling formation 1981) and Baling formation in Jones (1970) and Grik tuff in (Burton, 1965) Burton (1970, 1986) 9. Thickness : > 5000 ft. (1524 m) 10. Lithology : Argillaceous sequence of shale P13. and mudstone, commonly ferruginous and subject to 1. Name : Kroh formation (of Baling group) lateritization and in places 2. Origin of name : After Kroh (Keroh now renamed phyllitic or pyritiferous with a less ) in north Perak extensive arenaceous facies of 3. Age : Upper Ordovician to Lower sandstones or orthoquartzite and Devonian a single exposure of limestone on 4. References : Burton (1986) Bidan Island. 5. Type area : Around Kroh (Pengkalan Hulu), 11. Subdivision : Argillaceous, arenaceous and north Perak calcareous facies by Bradford 6. Type section : Suggested between 2-5 and 4-5 (1972) km from Kroh on road to Baling 12. Fossils : 7. Boundaries : Conformable lower contact with bivalve Papulut quartzite via the Grik tuff Posidonia aff. siamensis? Red 8. Correlation : Mahang Formation to the west and graptolite Karak formation to the east and Monograptus cf. dingani southeast Diplograptus cf. modestus 9. Thickness : coniconchid 10. Lithology : Black carbonaceous shale and tentaculitid mudstone, often siliceous and Homoctenus sp. chert with subordinate lenses of Styliolina sp. arenite and calcareous rocks crinoid commonly recrystallized to cephalopod hornfels, metaquartzite, calc- nautiloid (straight) silicate hornfels and 13. Env. of deposition : Deep gulf or geosynclinal basin pseudosparite. 14. Remarks : See Mahang Formation. 11. Subdivisions: 12. Fossils : bivalve P15. brachiopod 1. Name : Bendang Riang formation (of crinoid Baling Group) graptolite 2. Origin of name : After Bendang Riang Valley, 10 tentaculitid km northeast of Grik, north Perak. Stylolina sp. 3. Age : Lower Silurian to Lower Nowakia cf. acuaria Devonian. 13. Env. of deposition : 4. References : Jones (l973) 14. Remarks : 5. Type area : Near Grik and Kroh in north Perak and east Kedah P14. 6. Type section : 7. Boundaries : 1. Name : Sungai Patani formation 8. Correlation : Mahang Formation in Kedah 2. Original of name : After Sungai Patani town, south 9. Thickness : ± 1200 m Kedah. 10. Lithology : Mainly carbonaceous shale and 3. Age : Silurian phyllite with small lenses of 4. References : Bradford (1972) limestone and some beds of 5. Type area : Around Kedah Peak. quartzite and schist. 6. Type section :

15 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA 11. Subdivisions : 12. Fossils : 12. Fossils : hexatinellid graptolite Hydrodictya cyclix Hall and Clarke Climacograptus scalaris (Hisinger), Lyrodictya sp. Stomatograptus cf. Grandis (Suess), brachiopod (Inarticulata) Monograptus praecedens Boucek, Orbiculoidea sinensis Mansuy Streptograptus nodifer (Tornquist), archaeostraca Spirograptus grobsdorfiensis (Hemmann), Ceratiocaris sp. Spirograptus minor (Boucek). graptolite tentaculitid Monograptus hercynicns Perner Nowakia cf. acuaria (Richter), Linograptus aff. posthumns Richter Styliolina sp. ‘Abiesgraptus’ sp. brachiopod cephalopod Plectodonta sp., ?Orthoceras sp. Echinocoelia sp., 13. Env. of deposition : Started with deeper waters along trilobite continental margins and slopes Trinodus sp., and ended with shallow water Selenoharpes sp.? marine and fluvialtile deposits. Isotelus sp.,? 14. Remarks : Part of the ‘Bentong Group’of Ogygiocaris sp., Alexander (1968) Microparia sp. 13. Env. of deposition : Deeper water geanticlinal P17. 14. Remarks : 1. Name : Kuala Lumpur limestone 2. Origin of name : After Kuala Lumpur. P16. 3. Age : Middle to Upper Silurian 1. Name : Pelong beds (of Bentong Group) 4. References : Gobbett (1965) 2. Origin of name : After Bukit Hulu Pelong and 5. Type area : Kuala Lumpur Valley, central Durian Tipus, Negeri Sembilan Selangor 3. Age : Silurian to Lower Devonian 6. Type section : 4. References : Shu (l989), Loganathan (1993) 7. Boundaries : Overlies the Hawthornden schist 5. Type area : Between the Lower Kenaboi and without any sharp break. Probably Pikul rivers around Bukit Hulu unconformable upper contact with Pelong, Negeri Sembilan. Kenny Hill formation. 6. Type section : 8. Correlation : Upper part of Setul formation and 7. Boundaries : Unconformable lower boundary lower part of Kinta limestone with Jelebu schists. 9. Thickness : ± 1820 m Unconformable upper boundary 10. Lithology : Finely crystalline, grey to cream, with Kelintau conglomerates. thickly bedded, banded marble, 8. Correlation : Karak formation (Jaafar, 1976) to saccharoidal dolomite and pure the north calcitic limestone with minor 9. Thickness : < 3000 m interbeds of schist and phyllite. 10. Lithology : Cherts, slates, phyllites micaceous Subdivision : sandstones and subgreywackes 12. Fossils : and tuff. coral 11. Subdivisions : Divided into four facies by Shu Ketophyllum aff. Turbinatum (Linnaeus), (l989) as Heliolites aff, barrandei var. spongodes Lindstrom, 1. Chert, non-clastic facies Favosites sp., 2. Shale and siltstone, fine-grained Thecia swinderniana (Goldfuss) clastic facies Halysites sp., 3. Sandstone and quartzite, medium brachiopod grained clastic (sandy) facies Dalmanella sp., 4. Subgreywacke, medium- to fine- Capellinella sp., grained clastic (sandy) facies. Cymbidium sp.,

16 PALAEOZOIC “Conchidium” sp., 9. Thickness : > 4800 m Atrypella sp., 10. Lithology : Predominant argillite with Delthyris sp., interbeds of conglomerate, chert, gastropod quartzite and subgreywacke. Poleumita cf. discors (Sowerby), 11. Subdivisions : Five rock facies - rudaceous, Poleumita scamnata Clark & Ruedemann, arenaceous, argillaceous, chert, Euomphalus (Philoxene) sp., limestone and pyroclastic. Loxonoma sp. 12. Fossils : 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine shelf sponge 14. Remarks : Surface outcrops only at Batu Hydrodictya cylix Hall & Clarks, Caves and Bukit Takun while most Lyrodictya sp., of it is below the Quaternary brachiopod alluvium. Orbiculoidea sinensis Mansuy archaeostraca P18. Ceratiocaris sp., graptolite 1. Name : Kajang schist Monograptus cf. praehercynicus Jaeger, 2. Origin of name : After Kajang town, Selangor Linograptus aff. posthumus Richter 3. Age : Upper Silurian to Devonian? 13. Env. of deposition : From shallow water shelf at base 4. References : Yin (l976), Raj (1995) to deep water and then to littoral 5. Type area : Kajang, Selangor in an infilling geosynclinal basin. 6. Type section : 14. Remarks : Previously mapped as 7. Boundaries : Overlies the Kuala Lumpur “Arenaceous Formation” limestone and underlies the Kenny (Richardson, 1939), “Foothills Hill formation. Formation” (Richardson, 1950), 8. Correlation : “Lower Arenaceous Series” 9. Thickness : (Alexander, 1950). For history of 10. Lithology : Dark grey to black graphitic- nomenclature of Main Range quartz-muscovite schists Foothills area see Khoo (l990). interlayered with thin bands and lenses of orange to buff-coloured, quartz-muscovite schists with P20. minor intercalations of limestone 1. Name : Kinta limestone (marble) and phyllite. 2. Origin of name : After Kinta Valley, Perak 11. Subdivisions : 3. Age : Lower Devonian to Middle 12. Fossils : Permian 13. Env. of deposition : 4. References : Suntharalingam (l968) 14. Remarks : “Kajang Formation” in Yin (1976) 5. Type area : Kampar, Kinta Valley, Perak 6. Type section : P19. 7. Boundaries : Base and top not exposed 8. Correlation : Chemor limestone 1. Name : Karak formation 9. Thickness : ± 1550 m (in Kampar) 2. Origin of name : After Karak town, west Pahang 10. Lithology : 3. Age : Lower Devonian 11. Subdivisions : Divided into the H.S. Lee beds, 4. References : Jafaar (l976) Nam Loong beds, Kim Loong No. 5. Type area : Eastern flank of Main Range near 3 beds, Kuan On beds, Thye On Karak, west Pahang. beds and Kim Loong No. 1 beds 6. Type section : from youngest of oldest. 7. Boundaries : Base unknown. Unconformable 12. Fossil : upper contact with Semantan algae formation of Raub group, Kepis Permopora sp., formation (Khoo, 1998), Pelong Epimastopora sp., beds (Shu, 1989) foraminifera 8. Correlation : Hawthornden schist of Kuala Misellina claudiae (Depart), Lumpur.

17 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Endothyrid. brachiopod coral Stringocephalus perakensis Gobett, Amplexus sp., Derbyia sp., Thamnopora sp., Chonetes sp., Chaetetes sp., Linoproductus cf. lineatus (Waagen), Iranophyllum sp., Cancrinella sp., Pavastehphyllum (Sakamotosawanella) permicum Chi. Waagenoconcha sp., polyplacophora Spirifer sp., Lepidopleurus sp., Costispirifera sp., scaphopod Camerophoria sp., Prodentalium sp., Camerotoechia sp., gastropod Martinia sp., Palaeozygopleura sp., Composita sp., Microptychia sp., Cleothyridina sp., Orthonema spp., ostracod Meekospira sp., Bairdia sp., Cylindritopsis cf ? ovalis Gemmellaro, Bairdiopillata sp., Cylindritopsis cf?. Vaningeni Knight, Bairdiocypris sp., Oncochilus cf?. Globulosus (Klipstein) Healdea sp., Murchisonia spp., Bythocypris sp., Straparollus (Euomphalus) sp., Cytherella sp., ?Hypergonia sp., stromatoporoid Callistadia sp., Actinostroma sp., Bellerophon cf. timorensis Wanner, Amphipora sp., Knightites (Retispira) quadratus Wanner crinoid Warthia sp., 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine shelfal carbonate Glabrocingulum sp., build-up with shaly flanks Glabrocingulum (Amanias) sp., 14. Remarks : The fossiliferous limestones are Eirlysia sp., areally restricted and most of the Neoplayteichum dickinsi Mourlonia, rest are metamorphosed to marble. Mourlonia (Pseudobaylea) sp., The Kinta Limestone forms part Lacunospira sp., of the ‘Calcareous Series’ of Euconospira sp., Ingham and Bradford (l960) Borestus sp., Trachydomia spp., Trachyspira sp., P20.1. Naticopsis spp., 1. Name : Kim Loong No. l beds (of Kinta Planospirina spp., limestone) Halicespira sp., 2. Origin of name : After Kim Loong No. l Mine Platyzona sp., 3. Age : Silurian to Lower Devonian Sallya sp., 4. References : Anomphalus sp. 5. Type area : bivalve 6. Type section : Parallelodon spp., 7. Boundaries : Base not seen. Overlain by Thye Schizodus sp., On beds Pterid. 8. Correlation : cephalopod 9. Thickness : 600 m? Cyrtoceras sp., 10. Lithology : Mainly pure cream-coloured Metacoceras sp., dolomite Agathiceras sp., 11. Subdivision : Stacheocheras sp., 12. Fossils : Crimites sp., bivalve Andrianites sp., brachiopod Oncoceratid nautiloids. Spiriferidae?

18 PALAEOZOIC Ambocoeliidae underlies Kim Loong No. 3 beds coral 8. Correlation : Amplexus? sp. 9. Thickness : 500 m? Thamopora sp. 10. Lithology : Thin-bedded grey recrystallized gastropod calcite limestone with dolomitic Murchisonia sp. beds, interbedded with thin Straparollus sp. calcareous and carbonaceous 13. Env. of deposition : shales. 14. Remarks : 11. Subdivisions : 12. Fossils : P20.2. algae Dasycladacean 1. Name : Thye On beds (of Kinta limestone) bivalve 2. Origin of name : After Thye On Mine Schizodus sp. 3. Age : Lower to Upper Devonian cephalopod 4. References : Cyrtoceras sp. 5. Type area : gastropod 6. Type section : Hypergonia? 7. Boundaries : Conformable on Kim Loong No. Callistadia? sp. 1 beds and underlies Kuan On Eotomarridae? beds Holopeidae 8. Correlation : Neritopsidae? 9. Thickness : 150 m 13. Env. of deposition : 10. Lithology : Massive grey recrystallized calcite 14. Remarks : limestone 11. Subdivisions : 12. Fossils : P20.4. bivalve 1. Name : Kim Loong No. 3 beds (of Kinta brachiopod limestone) Stringocephalus perakensis Gobbett 2. Origin of name : After Kim Loong No. 3 Mine cephalopod 3. Age : Upper Carboniferous Cytoceras sp. 4. References : Oncoceratid nautiloid 5. Type area : coral 6. Type section : gastropod 7. Boundaries : Overlies Kuan On beds and Murchisonia spp. underlies Nam Long beds stromatoporoid 8. Correlations : Actinostroma sp. 9. Thickness : 100 m Amphipora sp. 10. Lithology : Pyritiferous black shales and 13. Env. of deposition : argillaceous sandstone 14. Remarks : At Thye On Mine, the limestone 11. Subdivisions : containing Stringocephalus 12. Fossils : perakensis is dated Givetian, 13. Env. of deposition : Middle Devonian. 14. Remarks :

P20.3. P20.5. 1. Name : Kuan On beds (of Kinta 1. Name : Nam Loong beds (of Kinta limestone) limestone) 2. Origin of name : After Kuan On Mine 2. Origin of name : After Nam Loong No.1 Mine 3. Age : Lower to Upper Carboniferous 3. Age : Lower Permian 4. References : 4. References : 5. Type area : 5. Type area : 6. Type section : 6. Type section : 7. Boundaries : Overlies Thye On beds and 7. Boundaries : Overlies Kim Loong No. 3 beds

19 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA and underlies H.S. Lee beds Rhynchonellid 8. Correlation : cephalopod 9. Thickness : 160 m Agathiceras sp. 10. Lithology : Grey-black crinoidal limestone Andrianites sp. (100 m) overlain by impure Crimites sp. carbonaceous brachiopod- Metacoceras sp. polyzoan limestone (60 m) Stacheoceras sp. 11. Subdivisons : coral 12. Fossils : Chaetetes sp. brachiopod Iranophyllum sp. Camerophoria sp. Pavastehphyllum (Sakamotosawanella) permicum Chi Camerotoechia sp. echinoderm Cancrinella sp. cidaroid spines and plates Composita sp. foraminifera Costispinifera? sp. Misellina claudiae (Deprat) Chonetes sp. Pseudofusulina kraffti Cleiothyridina sp. ostracod Derbyia sp. Bairdia sp. Linoproductus cf. lineatus (Waagen) Bairdiocypris sp. Martinia sp. Bairdiopillata sp. Spirifer sp. Bythocypris sp. Waagenoconcha sp. Cytherella sp. bryozoa gastropod Fenestella sp. Anomphalus sp. crinoid Bellerophon cf. timorensis 13. Env. of deposition : Borestus sp. 14. Remarks : Cylindritopsis cf. ovalis? Cylindritopsis cf. vaningeni? P20.6. Eirlysia sp. Euconospira sp. 1. Name : H.S. Lee beds (of Kinta limestone) Glabrocingulum sp. 2. Origin of name : After H.S. Lee No. 8 Mine Halicespira sp. 3. Age : Lower to Middle Permian Knightites (Retispira) quadratus Wanner 4. References : Lacunospira sp. 5. Type area : Meekospira sp. 6. Type section : Micopytchia sp. 7. Boundaries : Overlies Nam Loong beds. Top Mourlonia sp. not seen Naticopsis sp. 8. Correlation : Neoplatyeichum dickinsi 9. Thickness : 40 m Oncochilus cf. globulosus? 10. Lithology : Grey-white bioclastic and fusuline Othonema sp. limestone (20 m) overlain by Palaeozygoplewa sp. biohermal limestone (20 m) Plaurospirina sp. 11. Subdivisions : Platyzona sp. 12. Fossils : Sallya sp. algae Strapaollus (Euomphalus) sp. Epimastopora sp. Trachyspira sp. Permopora sp. Warthia sp. bivalve polyplacopora Parallelodon spp. Lepidopheurus sp. Schizodus sp. scaphopod Pteriacea Prodentalium sp. brachiopod 13. Env. of deposition : Reef complex Derbyia sp. 14. Remarks : Dielasmid

20 PALAEOZOIC P21. 12. Fossils : 1. Name : Salak Baharu beds brachiopod 2. Origin of name : After Salak Baharu town,Perak Kasetia cf. kaseti Waterhouse 3. Age : Devonian to Permian Stenoscisma quasimutabili Waterhouse 4. References : Foo (1990) Rhynchopora culta Waterhouse 5. Type area : Kampong Perak Dalam, Salak Spirelytha netaliformis (Pavlova) Baharu, Salak Estate, Kampong Spinomartinia prolifica Waterhouse Setia and Enggor. Arionthia sapa Waterhouse 6. Type section : ?Marginirugus sp. 7. Boundaries : Dielasma sp. 8. Correlation : Arctitreta sp. 10. Lithology : Mainly quartz-mica schist, Streptorhynchus sp. graphytic schist and quartzite, Bandoproductus sp. hornfels and chiastolite schists Sulciplica sp. adjacent to granite. ?Martiniopsis sp. 11. Subdivisions : ?Elasmata sp. 12. Fossil : Terebratulid 13. Env. of deposition : Productid 14. Remarks Spiriferid Chonetid 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow water glacial marine P22. continental margin (Stauffer & 1. Name : Singa formation Lee, 1986) 2. Origin of name : After Pulau Singa Besar, 14. Remarks : Gobbett (1972) proposed the basal Langkawi red mudstone of the Singa 3. Age : Middle Devonian to Lower formation from the Rebak islands Permian and Pulau Langgun as a separate 4. References : Jones (l973, 1981); Ahmad Jantan unit called the “Rebanggun beds”. (1973); Stauffer & Lee (l986); Shi et al. (1997) P23. 5. Type area : Southwest Pulau Singa and neighbouring islands, Langkawi, 1. Name : Kubang Pasu formation Kedah. 2. Origin of name : After Kubang Pasu, Perlis 6. Type section : 3. Age : Upper Devonian to Lower 7. Boundaries : Lower boundary with Setul Permian formation unexposed. 4. References : Jones (l98l), Gobbett (l973) Conformable gradational upper 5. Type area : Central and east Perlis and north boundary with Chuping limestone Kedah 8. Correlation : Kubang Pasu formation in central 6. Type section : Reference section at Hutan Haji and south Perlis and Kampong (2E/9 817 908) Sena formation in Kedah. 7. Boundaries : Unconformable on Setul 9. Thickness : ± 7000 ft. formation and conformable upper 10. Lithology : Basal part of reddish pebbly contact with Chuping limestone mudstone and light coloured and unconformable upper contact sandstone. Other part of dark-grey with Semanggol formation. or black. Well-bedded 8. Correlation : Singa formation in Langkawi carbonaceous flagstones and (Burton, 1965) in Kedah siltstones with subordinate grey 9. Thickness : ± 4500 ft. (± 1500 m) and brown immature quartzites 10. Lithology : Red and grey-coloured shale, and subgreywackes with scattered mudstone and a variety of poorly pebbly mudstone horizons. sorted argillo-arenaceous deposits 11. Subdivisions : Divided into the Rebak, Kentut, varying from muddy siltstone Ular and Selang members by through wacke subgreywacke and Ahmad Jantan (1973) arkose to felspathic quarzite.

21 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA 11. Subdivisions : plant 12. Fossils : Calamites cf. jubatus Lindley & Hutton, cephalopod Pecopteris cf. hemitelioides Brongniart, Agathiceras? sp. Cordaites sp., Paralegoceras? sp. Taeniopteris sp,. gastropod 13. Env. of deposition : Eugeosynclinal moderately Bellerophontid shallow marine to shelf bivalve 14. Remarks : Holobia sp. Posidonia malayensis Kobayashi P24.1. Posidonia aff. becheri Bronn 1. Name : Keliu slates (of Kambing beds) Posidonia aff. siamensis (Reed) 2. Origin of name : After Sungei Keliu, Hulu Lepar, Posidonia sp. Pahang brachiopod 3. Age : Lower Carboniferous “Rhynchonella” malayensis Kobayashi 4. References : Lee (l990) Chonetid 5. Type area : Tributaries of the Sungai Keliu trilobite and Kuantan Cytosymbole (Waribole) perlisense Kobayashi & 6. Type section : Reference sections between Hamada GR473398 to GR468384 13. Env. of deposition : of tributary of Sungai Dagut and 14. Remarks : Differentiated from Singa between GR 491341 to GR494330 formation by its lighter coloured along tributary of Sungai Kuantan. rocks. With Chuping formation is 7. Boundaries : Conformable upper contact with placed differently within passage the Terapai metasiltstones. Base beds in Jones (1973, 1981) unknown 8. Correlation : Charu formation of Kuantan Group P24. 9. Thickness : > 2000 m 1. Name : Kambing beds 10. Lithology : Predominantly hornfels, slate and 2. Origin of name : After Bukit Kambing phyllite interbedded occasionally (GR498356), central Pahang. with bands of schist, micaceous 3. Age : Lower Carboniferous metasiltstone, quartzite and rare 4. References : Lee (l990) metaconglomerate. 5. Type area : Valleys of Sungei Terapai, Sungei 11. Subidivisions : Keliu, Sungei Kuantan and 12. Fossils : headwaters of Sungei Song and coral Sungei Berapit, Hulu Lepar, Zaphrentis sp. Pahang. 13. Env. of deposition : Eugeosynclinal, moderately 6. Type section : shallow marine. 7. Boundaries : Base unknown. Unconformably 14. Remarks : overlain by Mesozoic Tekam tuffs and Berapit sandstones. P24.2. 8. Correlation : Charu formation of Kuantan 1. Name : Terapai metasiltstones (of Group, Pahang Kambing beds) 9. Thickness : > 5500 m 2. Origin of name : After Sungei Terapai, Hulu Lepar, 10. Lithology : An older argillaceous sequence Pahang known as the Keliu slates and a 3. Age : Lower Carboniferous younger arenaceous sequence 4. References : Lee (l990) known as the Terapai 5. Type area : metasiltstones. 6. Type section : Representative section between 11. Subdivisions : Keliu slates and Terapai GR551406 to GR560406 along metasiltstones Sungei Terapai. 12. Fossils : 7. Boundaries : Unconformable upper boundary

22 PALAEOZOIC with Permian Seri Jaya beds and P26. Mesozoic Tekam tuffs and Berapit 1. Name : Charu formation (of Kuantan sandstones. Conformable lower Group) boundary with Keliau slates. 2. Origin : After Sungai Charu, east Pahang 8. Correlation : Charu formation of Kuantan group 3. Age : Lower to Middle Carboniferous 9. Thickness : > 2500 m (Visean to Namurian A) 10. Lithology : Fine grained quartzite and 4. References : Metcalfe, Idris & Tan (1980) metasiltstone with minor 5. Type area : Between 17th and 19th milestones intercalations of argillite, slate and on the Kuantan - Sungei Lembing phyllite and their road (between GR 250720 and GR unmetamorphosed equivalents. 215727) 11. Subdivisions : 6. Type section : 12. Fossils : 7. Boundaries : Base not seen - conformably foraminifera overlain by Paching Limestone. Endothyra sp. 8. Correlation : Kambing beds, Hulu Lepar, bryozoa Pahang Stenoporid 9. Thickness : ± 1600 m crinoid 10. Lithology : ? plant 11. Subdivisions : bivalve 12. Fossils : 13. Env. of deposition : Shelf or distal portions of a delta brachiopod 14. Remarks : Antiquatonia sp., Avonia sp., P25. Balanochoncha sp., 1. Name : Sungai Perlis beds Buxtonia sp., 2. Origin of name : After Sungai Perlis, Ulu Paka, Camarotoechia sp., Trengganu Chonetes sp., 3. Age : Lower Carboniferous Crurithyris sp., 4. References : Chand (1978) Dictyoclostus cf. patus (Meek & Worthen), 5. Type area : Catchment areas of Sungai Perlis, Echinoconchus elegans (M’coy), Sungai Jengai, Sungai Angka and Eomarganifera sp., Sungai Paka. Hustedia cf. Cabonaria, (Philips), 6. Type section : Hustedia cf. Radialis (Philips), 7. Boundaries : Base and top not exposed Krotavia aculaeta (Martin), 8. Correlation : Charu formation, Pahang Leptaena cf. analoga (Phillips), 9. Thickness : ± 1500 m Linoproductus sp., 10. Lithology : Mainly of carbonaceous slate, Orthothes sp., argillite, phyllite and schist, Plicochonetes cf. buchiana (de Konick), together with minor lenses of Productina cf. Margaritacea (Philips), quartzite, meta-conglomerate, and Productus (s.s) sp., calc-silicate hornfels. Pugnax cf. asiaticus Muir-Wood, 11. Subdivisions : Divided into argillaceous facies, Punctospirifer pahangensis Muir-Wood., arenaceous facies and Pustula sp., calcareous facies by Chand (1978) Schellwienella sp., 12. Fossils : Schizophoria sp., bryozoa Sedenticellula sp., Fenestella sp., Setigerites sp., brachiopod Streptorhynchus sp., cf. ruginosum (Hall & Clark) crinoid bivalve bivalve Anthraconeilo aff. taffiana Girty, plant Aviculopecten sp., Lepidodendron sp. Bakevellia sp., 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine Edmondia cf. sulcata Philips, 14. Remarks :

23 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Myalina sp., deformation structure. Parallelodon cf. bistrialus (Portlock), 11. Subdivisions : Posidonia sp., 12. Fossils : Scaldia sp., 13. Env. of deposition : Deeper water than near shore Streblochondria sp., 14. Remarks : gastropod Euomphalus sp., P28. trilobite 1. Name : Kelintau conglomerates (of Linguaphillipsia terapaiensis Stubblefield, Bentong group) Phillipsia sp., 2. Origin of name : After Sungai Kelintau, west crinoid Pahang Poteriocrinus sp., 3. Age : Palaeozoic (Upper Carboniferous) echinoid or Mesozoic? cf. Melonechinus sp., 4. References : Shu (l989) bryozoan 5. Type area : Along the Sungai Kelintau in map Cystodictya sp., sheet 96, Pahang Fistulipora sp., 6. Type section : Fenestella cf. angustata,(Fischer & Waldheim), 7. Boundaries : Rests unconformably on both the Fenestella cf. tenax Ulrich, Pelong beds and Jelebu schists. Fenestella cf. polyporata (Philips), 8. Correlation : Fenestella aff. plebeia M’Coy, 9. Thickness : Yunnanisp sp., 10. Lithology : Boulder, cobble and pebble, algae polymict conglomerate with Koninkopora sp., subordinate conglomeratic foraminifera sandstone. Archaedicus karreri Brady, 11. Subdivisions : Cribrostronium sp., 12. Fossil : Endothyra aff. bowmani Brady, 13. Env. of deposition : Terrestrial to fluviatile Hemigordius aff. harltoni Cushman & Waters, 14. Remarks : ? Part of ‘Upper Arenaceous Millerella sp., Series’ of Alexander (l968) plant Lepidodendron sp., Stigmaria sp., P29. 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine near shore 1. Name : Belata formation environment 2. Origin of name : After Bukit Belata, near Tanjung 14. Remarks : Malim, south Perak (101o 28’30” E and 3o39’ 30”N) P27. 3. Age : Carboniferous to Permian 4. References : Gan (1992) 1. Name : Pinang beds 5. Type area : Belata Forest Reserve, south 2. Origin : After Pulau Pinang south of Pulau Perak. Redang, Trengganu 6. Type section : 3. Age : Carboniferous? 7. Boundaries : 4. References : Khoo, Yaw, Kimura & Kim (1988) 8. Correlation : Kenny Hill formation (Gobbett, 5. Type area : Pulau Pinang, south of Pulau 1965) of Kuala Lumpur. Redang, Trengganu 9. Thickness : 6. Type section : 10. Lithology : Argillaceous facies of shale and 7. Boundaries : Unconformable below Redang phyllite in lower portion and a beds. predominant arenaceous facies of 8. Correlation : metasandstone and metaquartzite 9. Thickness : in upper portion with thin bedded 10. Lithology : Quartz, calc-silicate hornfels, chert facies in the argillaceous pelitic hornfels and slate facies. showing soft sediment

24 PALAEOZOIC 11. Subdivison : Arenaceous, argillaceous and P31. chert facies. 1. Name : Kati beds 12. Fossils : ? radiolaria 2. Origin of name : After Kati Village 13. Env. of deposition : Near-shore waters not far from an 3. Age : Carboniferous to ?Permian eroding landmass of low to 4. References : Foo (l990) moderate relief. 5. Type area : South of , Perak. 14. Remarks : Part of the ‘Arenaceous series’ of 6. Type section : Roe (1953). 7. Boundaries : 8. Correlation : P30. 10. Lithology : Reddish brown to purplish 1. Name : Kenny Hill formation carbonaceous shales, siltstone, 2. Origin of name : After Kenny Hill residential area mudstone and rare red sandstones of Kuala Lumpur (renamed Bukit with minor conglomerates and Tunku) lenses of carbonaceous limestone. 3. Age : Carboniferous to Permian 11. Subdivision : 4. References : Stauffer (l973), Abdullah Sani H.. 12. Fossils : Hashim (1985) 13. Env. of deposition : Quiet deep environment 5. Type area : Bukit Tunku, Kuala Lumpur. 14. Remarks : Similar to “Arenaceous series” of 6. Type section : Bradford (1960) Foo (1983) refers 7. Boundaries : Overlies Kuala Lumpur limestone to it as Kati formation. unconformably, contact not exposed. Underlies alluvium. P32. 8. Correlation : Singa and Kubang Pasu 1. Name : Panching limestone (of Kuantan formations in northwest Malaya. Group) 9. Thickness : 2. Origin : After Bukit Panching (GR 10. Lithology : Monotonous sequence of 253706) near Panching Village, interbedded phyllitic shale, east Pahang. mudstone and thick bedded fine 3. Age : Middle Carboniferous (Namurian to medium grained sandstone. A) 11. Subdivisions : 4. References : Metcalfe, Idris & Tan (1980) 12. Fossils : 5. Type area : Bukit Charas (most complete cephalopod section) exposed at Bukit Agathiceras sp., Panching, Bukit Sagu and Bukit Crinoid Tenggek, east Pahang. Grapherostigma grammodes 6. Type section : Cyclomiscus tenesseensis 7. Boundaries : Conformable lower boudary with radiolaria Charu formation. Conformable bivalve upper boundary with Sagor brachiopod formation trace fossil 8. Correlation : palynomorph 9. Thickness : ± 600 m Leiotriletes sp., 10. Lithology : Massive, partly recrystallised, Punctatisporites sp., fossiliferous limestone of Dictyotriletes sp., biomicrite, biosparite, Verrucosisporites microtuber-culatus (Loose) Smith & biosparudite, oomicite and Butterworth, recrystallised micrite. ? Lycospora spp., 11. Subdivision : Acanthotriletes sp. 12. Fossil : 13. Env. of deposition : Outer portions of a delta or shelf coral or upper portion of a submarine Amygdalophyllum sp., slope in restricted basin. Caninia cf. gigantea Michelin, 14. Remarks : Hexaphyllia concavia Metcalfe, Idris & Tan, Hexaphyllia prismatica Struckenberg,

25 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Koninckophyllum sp., ?Dentalium sp., Lithostrontion (Diphyphyllum sp.), Edmondia sp, Palaeosmilia cf. murchisoni Milne-Edwards & Haime Hesperoceras cf. laudoni, Miller & Youngquist crinoid Meekospira sp., Poteriocrinus sp. Orthonychia sp., brachiopod Pterinopectinella cf. granosa (Sowerby), ?Brachythyris buckmani Yanishevsky, Solemnya sp., Alexandri George, Streblochondria sp., Athyris sp., Streblopteria sp, Avonia cf. davidsoni (Jones), trilobites Avonia weberi (Yanishesky), Paladin sp., Brachythyrina cf. strangwaysi deVer, Paraphillipsia sp., Brachythyris cf. ovalis Phillips, bryozoan Brachythyris chouteaunsis Weller, Dyscritella sp., Brachythyris koksuensis Dikareva, Fenestella aff. polyporata Phillips, Brachythyris willbourni Muir-Wood, Fenestella cf. cellulosa (Crockford), Buxtonia sp., Fenestella cf. compressa Ulrich, Stenoscisma saquensis Muir-Wood, Fenestella cf. kawadae Sakagami, Camarotoechia sp., Fenestella pahangensis Sakagami, cf.? Chorisites humerosus (Philips), Fistulipora sp., Cleiothyridina sp., Nikiforovella pahangensis Sakagami, Composita subquadrata Hall, Penniretepora iiwaii Sakagami. Composita sulcata Hall, Polypora aff. elliptica Elias, Crurithyris cf. planoconvexa Shumard, Polypora cf. subtilis Nekhoroshev, Daviesiella cf. llangollensis Davidson, Rhabdomeson spp., Dictyoclostus cf. deruptus (Romanoswsky), Rhombopora charasensis Sakagami, Dictyoclostus ex.gr. muricatus, Rhombopora tersiensis Nekhoroshev, Dielasma cf. attenuatum (Martin), Streblascopora superminor Sakagami, Eomarginifera sp., Sulcoretepora malayensis Sakagami, Georgethyris sp., conodont Gigantella cf. latissima (Sowerby), Apatognathus cuspidatus Varker, Hemiplethorhynchus fallax Tournais, Apatognathus scalenus Varker, Krotavia cf. keyserlingiana (de Koninck), Apotognathus libratus Varker, Krotavia multituberculata (Yanishevsky), Geniculatus claviger (Roundy), Linoproductus kokdscharenensis (Grober), Gnathodus bilineatus (Roundy), Linoproductus tenuistriatus (deVerneuil), Gnathodus commutatus (Branson & Mehl), Linoproductus yunnanensis (Loczy), Gnathodus girtyi rhodesi Higgins, Marginicinctus cf. planus (Yanishevsky), Gnathodus girtyi simplex Dunn, Neospirifer derjawini (Yanishevsky), Gnathodus nodosus (Bischoff), Phricodothyris sp., Hibbardella geniculata Higgins, Proboscidella nana Muir-Wood, Hibbardella pennata Higgins, Pugnax asiaticus Muir-Wood, Hindeodella ibergensis Bischoff, Pugnax cf. pugnus (Martin), Hindeodella mehli Elias , Reticularia cf. Hindeodella uncata Hass, Reticularia imbricata (Sowerby), Hindeodella undata Branson & Mehl, Rhipidomella cf. michelini Leveille, Hubbardella acuta Murray & Chronic, Rhynchotetra sp., Idiognathoides noduliferus inaequalis Higgins, Schelluvienella sp., Idiognathoides noduliferus japonicus (Igo & Koike), Schizophoria mesoloba (Yanishevsky), Idiognathoides noduliferus noduliferus (Ellison & Setigerites sp., Graves), Sinuatella orientalis Muir-Wood, Kladognathus sp., Ligonodina roundyi Hass, Spinifer scrivenori Muir-Wood, Lonchodina bischoffi Higgins & Boukaert, Spirifer cf. condor d’Orbingy, Lonchodina ponderosa Ellison, mollusc Neoprioniodus scitulis (Branson & Mehl),

26 PALAEOZOIC Neoprioniodus singularis Hass, P33. Ozarkodina delicatula (Stauffer & Plummer), 1. Name : Sagor formation (of Kuantan Rhachistognathus muricatus (Dunn), Group) Rhachistognathus primus Dunn, 2. Origin : After Bukit Pak Sagor, east Spathognathodus campbelli Rexroad, Pahang Spathognathodus scitulus (Hinde), 3. Age : Upper Carboniferous Streptognathodus lateralis Higgins & Bouskaert, 4. References : Metcalfe, Idris & Tan (1980) Subryantodus subaequalis Higgins, 5. Type area : Stream section 5 km north of Synprioniodinia microdenta Ellison. Bukit Pak Sagor between GR. foraminifera 268804 and GR 295808 Archaediscus cf. maximus Grozdilova & Lebedeva, 6. Type section : Archaediscus ex.gr. chenoussovensis Mamet, 7. Boundaries : Conformable lower boundary with Archaediscus exgr. moelleri Rauzer-Chernoussova, Panching limestone. Archaediscus krestovnikovi Rauzer-Chernoussova, 8. Correlation : Probable unconformable upper Archaediscus ulmeri Mikhaylov, contact with Triassic sediments. Asteroarchaediscus ex.gr. baschkiricus (Krestovnikov 9. Thickness : ± 1500 m & Teodorovitch), 10. Lithology : Conglomerates, sandstone, shale, Biseriella sp., mudstone, radiolarian mudstone Bradyina cf. rotura (Eichwald), and rare limestone lenses. Bradyina rotula D’ Eichwold, 11. Subdivisions : Brunsia cf. Pulchara Mikhaylov, 12. Fossils : Calcisphaera laevis (Williamson), radiolaria Calcisphaera pachyspaherica (Pronina), plant Cribrospira cf. panderi Moller, 13. Env. of deposition : Nearshore to slightly deeper Deckerella sp., marine shelf Dekerellina sp., 14. Remarks : Endothyranella cf. armstrongi Cushman & Waters. Endothyranopsis cf. pseudoglobulus Reytlinger, P34. Forschia sp., Glomospira sp., 1. Name : Aring Formation Glomospiroides sp., 2. Origin of name : After Sungai Aring, south Millerella rossica Rozovskanya, Kelantan Monotaxinoides transitorius Brazhinikova & Varteseva, 3. Age : Upper Carboniferous to Lower Permodiscus vetustus Dutkevich, Triassic Pseudoendothyra sp., 4. References : Aw (1990) Quasiendothyra cf. aljutovica Reytlinger, 5. Type area : Sungai Aring, south Kelantan Radiosphaerina sp., 6. Type section : Sungai Nuar and Sungai Relai Sacamminopsis sp., (upper section) (QZ916447 to Seminovella elegantula Rauzer-Chernousova, QZ2887443) (QZ 828533 to Stacheia sp., QZ790456) Stacheoides sp., 7. Boundaries : Lower boundary unexposed. Tetratexis cf. conica Ehrenberg, Tectonized upper contact with Tetraxis ex.gr. angusta Ehrenberg, overlying Telong formation of Tetraxis minima Lee & Chen, Upper Triassic age and probable Tournayella cf. cepeki Vasicek & Ruzicka, unconformable contact with Koh Trepeilopsis sp., formation to the south. Tuberitina cf. collosa Reytlinges 8. Correlation : Gua Musang formation in Turrispiroides sp., Kelantan and Pahang Volcanic Valvunlinella sp., series in northwest and west Vicinesphaera sp., Pahang and metasediments in Yanischewskina cf. typica Mikhaylov, southeast Pahang. 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine reef 9. Thickness : ± 3000 m 14. Remarks :

27 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA 10. Lithology : Basal section of dolomite marble P35. overlain by tuff and calcareous 1. Name : Kepis beds argillite followed by fine to coarse 2. Origin of name : After Sungei Kepis, south of pyritiferous tuffs with subordinate Bahau, Negeri Sembilan amounts of interbedded lavas of 3. Age : Lower Permian rhyolite to andesite composition, 4. References : Khoo (l973), Loganathan (l993) agrillite and limestone and topped 5. Type area : Sungei Kepis, south of Bahau, by an argillo-tuffaceous limestone Negeri Sembilan unit (Paloh member). 6. Type section : 11. Subdivisions : Basal section (270 m) of dolomitic 7. Boundaries : Unconformable on Pilah schist. marble overlain by tuff and Gradational upper contact with calcareous argillite. Paluh beds Bahau arenites of probably (1000 m) at top of argillo - Triassic age. tuffaceous limestone. 8. Correlation : 12. Fossils : 9. Thickness : brachiopod 10. Lithology : Reddish brown to purplish Choristites sp., carbonaceous shales, siltstone, Derbyia sp., mudstones and rare red sandstones Haydonella sp., with minor conglomerates and Krotovia sp., lenses of carbonaceous limestone Marginifera sp., 11. Subdivisons : Four facies a) rudaceous facies, (b) Meekella sp., arenaceous facies, (c) calcareous Neochonetes sp., facies (Jerai limestone) Neophricadothyris sp., 12. Fossils : Neospirifer sp., sponge Phricodothyris sp., Hydrodictya cylix Hall & Clarks, Productus cf. gratiosus Waagen, Lyrodictya sp., Purdonella sp., brachiopod Reticulatia cf. uralica (Techernyschew), Orbiculoidea sinensis Mansuy Rhipidonella sp., archaeostraca Schizophoria sp., Ceratiocaris sp., spiriferids. graptolite foraminifera Linograptus aff. posthumus Richter Colaniella aff. parva (Colani). Monograptus cf. praehercynicus Jaeger, Fusulina sp., 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine Fusulinella cf. schwagerinoides (Deprat), 14. Remarks : Referred to as Kepis formation in Globivulina sp., Foo (1983) Glomospira sp., Glomospirella sp., P36. Ozawainella sp., Pachyphyloia sp., 1. Name : Taku schists Palaeotextularia sp., 2. Origin of name : After Sungai Taku, central east Parafusulina sp., Kelantan Parathurammina sp., 3. Age : Permian to ?Triassic ? (or older) Pseudostaffella ex.gr. sphaeroidea (Ehrenberg), 4. References : MacDonald (l967), Hutchison Schwagerina sp., (1973) Khoo & Lim (1983) Triticites sp., 5. Type area : Sungai Taku and its tributaries, Verbeekina sp., near Manik Urai, central east bivalve (Triassic) Kelantan Claria griesbachi concentrica Yabe 6. Type section : 13. Env. of deposition : Neritic with volcanic input 7. Boundaries : 14. Remarks : 8. Correlation : Schists along the eastern foothills of the Main Range

28 PALAEOZOIC 9. Thickness : Gladigondolella cf. Abneptis (Huckriede), 10. Lithology : Mica garnet schists and quartz- Gladigondolella tethydis (Huckriede), mica-garnet schists with narrower Gondolella navicula Huckriede, bands of quartz schists and “Hindeodella triassica Muller, serpentinite with rare talc- “Hindeodella” multihamata Huckriede, carbonate schsits. “Hindeodella” petrae-viridis Huckriede, 11. Subdivisions : Garnet and biotite metamorphic Lonchodina mulleri Tatge, zones in Khoo & Lim (1983) Neoprioniodus cf. kochi (Huckriede), 12. Fossils : Ozarkodina saginata Huckriede 13. Env. of deposition : gastropod 14. Remarks : Referred to as Kelantan schists by Bellerophon sp., Savage (1925). Although Khoo & Euomphalus sp., Lim (1983) put the age as Permo- bivalve Triassic, Khoo (pers comm., 1997) Cypricardella sp., thinks that the core of the Taku Aviculopecten sp., Schists is probably Pre-Permian Edmondia sp., while the Permo-Triassic rocks at cf. Pteronites sp., the edge are equivalent to the Gua Schizodus sp., Musang formation due to the Pleurophorus sp., presence of limestone bodies. scaphopod Dentalium sp., P37. brachiopod Cancrinella cf. cancrini deVern, 1. Name : Chuping limestone Derbyia sp., 2. Origin of name : After Bukit Chuping, a prominent Hamletella cf. alta (Hamlet), limestone hill in central Perlis Marginifera, 3. Age : Lower Permian to Middle or Reticulatia sp., Upper Triassic Squamularia sp., 4. References : Jones (1973, 1981) Spiriferids 5. Type area : Bukit Chuping, central Perlis. crinoid Outcrops in Perlis, north Kedah Cyathocrinus sp., and Pulau Dayang Bunting, corals Langkawi Chaetetes sp., 6. Type section : Michelinia sp., 7. Boundaries : Conformable transitional lower Lophophyllum pendulum (Grabau), boundary with Kubang Pasu and Myriopora sp., Singa formation. Top boundary Sinopora dendroidea (Yoh), unexposed. Stenopora sp., 8. Correlation : bryozoan 9. Thickness : ± 1000 m in Langkawi and ± 600 Cyclotrypa alexanderi Sakagami, m in Perlis Fenestella cf. retiformis (Schlotheim), 10. Lithology : Massive, generally pale-coloured Fistulipora hupensis (Yang), finely crystalline, pure calcite Polypora aff timorensis Bassler, limestone, fossiliferous and dark Polypora gigantae Waagen & Pichel, grey with chert nodules in its basal foraminifera part. Chusunella sp., 11. Subdivisions : Jones (1981) divides it into three Diliolina cf. lepida Schwager, broad units - passagebeds, basal Nankinella sp. part and main part. Schwagerina cf. granum-avenae (Roemer), 12. Fossils : algae conodont Anthracoporella sp., “Apatognathus” ziegleri Diebel, Epimostopora sp., Diplododella latissima (Huckriede), Gymnocardium sp., Diplododella meissneri (Tatge), Mizzia sp.,

29 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Ortonella sp., and volcanics. Permocalculus sp., 11. Subdivisions : Sumlayang Limestone member Vermiporella sp., cf. Succodium sp., 12. Fossils : 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine foraminifera 14. Remarks : The top of the Kubang Pasu Cuniculinella aff. tumida (Leven), formation is marked by the brown Cuniculinella globosa (Deprat), sandstone in Jones (1981) whereas Cuniculinella zulumartensis (Leven), it is placed above the green-grey Monodiexodina kattaensis (Schwager), calcareous flaggy siltstone in Monodiexodina shiptoni (Dunbar), Jones (1973) Nagatoella sp., Nankinella sp. P38. Parafusulina aff. vinogradovi Leven. Parafusulina dronovi Leven, 1. Name : Redang beds Parafusulina dutkevitchi Leven, 2. Origin : After Pulau Redang, Trengganu Parafusulina granum - avenae (Roemer), 3. Age : Permian Parafusulina murotbekovi Leven, 4. References : Khoo, Yaw, Kimura & Kim (1988) Pseudofusulina aff. dongvanensis (Colani), 5. Type area : Southwest Pulau Redang, Pseudofusulina quasifusuliniformis Leven, Trengganu Schbertella pseudogiraudi Sheng, 6. Type section : Schubertella kingi Dunbar & Skinner, 7. Boundaries : Uncorformable on Pinang beds Schwagerina cf. otukai (Fujumoto), 8. Correlation : Staffela sp., 9. Thickness : 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine island arc 10. Lithology : Metaconglomerates with environment associated with subordinate interbeds of black reefal limestone slate, quartzite and pelitic 14. Remarks : hornfels. 11. Subdivisions : 12. Fossils : P39.1 plant 1. Name : Sumalayang Limestone member Calamites cf. jubatus Lindley & Hutton (of Dohol formation) Pecopteris cf. hemitelioides Brongniart 2. Origin of name : After Gunung Sumalayang, Cordaites sp., Johore Taeniopteris sp. 3. Age : Middle Permian 13. Env. of deposition : Continental fluviatile or near 4. References : Rajah (1986) shore deposits 5. Type area : Gunung Sumalayang 14. Remarks : 6. Type section : - 7. Boundaries : Within Dohol formation P39. 8. Correlation : > 150 m? 10. Lithology : Massive, fine-grained, 1. Name : Dohol formation fossiliferous pale grey to black 2. Origin of name : After Sungai Dohol, Johore limestone with rare carbonaceous 3. Age : Middle Permian or shaly bands. 4. References : Rajah (1986) 11. Subdivisions : 5. Type area : Upper reaches of Sungai Sedili 12. Fossils : and Sungai Dohol, Johore foraminifera 6. Type section : Cuniculinella aff. tumida (Leven), 7. Boundaries : Base not exposed. Probable Cuniculinella globosa (Deprat), unconformable upper contact with Cuniculinella zulumartensis (Leven), Late Permian Linggiu formation. Monodiexodina kattaensis (Schwager), 8. Correlation : > 520 m Monodiexodina shiptoni (Dunbar), 10. Lithology : Predominantly grey coloured Nagatoella sp., carbonaceous shale, siltstone, Nankinella sp. slate, phyllite and schists with Parafusulina aff. vinogradovi Leven. minor beds of arenite, limestone

30 PALAEOZOIC Parafusulina dronovi Leven, P40.1. Parafusulina dutkevitchi Leven, 1. Name : Jempul slates (of Seri Jaya beds) Parafusulina granum - avenae (Roemer), 2. Origin of name : After Sungei Jempul, central Parafusulina murotbekovi Leven, Pahang Pseudofusulina aff. dongvanensis (Colani), 3. Age : Permian Pseudofusulina quasifusuliniformis Leven, 4. References : Lee (1990) Schbertella pseudogiraudi Sheng, 5. Type area : Headwaters of Sungei Jempul and Schubertella kingi Dunbar & Skinner, southern part of Hulu Lepar, Schwagerina cf. otukai (Fujumoto), Pahang. Staffela sp., 6. Type section : Representative sections at 13. Ev. of deposition : Inner neritic shelf GR427059 east of Kampong Seri 14. Remarks : Jaya along the Kuantan - Kuala Lumpur trunk road and 3 km P40. stretch of headwaters of Sungei 1. Name : Seri Jaya beds Jempul from GR288140 upstream 2. Origin of name : After Kampong Seri Jaya (GR to GR 323153 423060) central Pahang 7. Boundaries : Conformable upper contact with 3. Age : Upper Middle to Lower Upper Mengapur limestones. Permian Unconformable lower contact 4. References : Lee (l990) with Kelintau slates. 5. Type area : Hulu Lepar, Pahang 8. Correlation : 6. Type section : See reference sections for 9. Thickness : ± 1500 m subdivisions 10. Lithology : Primarily of pelitic hornfels, 7. Boundaries : Unconformable lower boundary graphitic slate and quartz-sericite Lower Carboniferous Keliu phyllite with interbeds of slates subordinate quartzite, schist, non- 8. Correlation : Charu formation, Pahang carbonaceous slate and argillite 9. Thickness : ± 2,700 m and minor interbeds of metatuff, 10. Lithology : See subdivisions metasiltstone, calc- silicates, 11. Subdivisions : Jempul slates in lower part and metaconglomerate, and slightly Mengapur limestones above metamorphosed sandstone. 13. Env. of deposition : Marine with contemporaneous Subdivision : Luit tuffs volcanicity 12. Fossils : 14. Remarks : bivalve 12. Fossils : Pernopecten sp. foraminifera ? Dunbarella sp. Schwragerina sp. brachiopod Psendofusulina sp. Dictyoclostus sp. Sumatrina sp. Chonetes sp. Pseudolina sp. foraminifera Yabeina sp. Schwagerina sp. ? Costispirifera sp. Nankinella sp. Plant plant fragments Taeniopteris sp. brachiopod Lobatannularia sp. crinoid Sphenophyllum sp. stems crinoid bryozoa 13. Env. of deposition : Reducing sea-bed, possibly a 13. Env. of deposition : submarine slope 14. Remarks : 14. Remarks :

31 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA P40.1.1. echinoderm 1. Name : Luit tuffs (of Jempul slates) spines, ossicles and plates. 2. Origin of name : After Sungei Luit, central Pahang 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine reef with mud 3. Age : Permian input 4. References : Lee (l990) 14. Remarks : 5. Type area : Sungei Luit - Mengapur area, central Pahang. Reference P41. outcrops at GR357167, 1. Name : Sedili volcanic GR345054 and GR327055 2. Origin of name : Sungai Ulu Sedili, 6. Type section : 3. Age : Upper Middle Permian to Middle 7. Boundaries : Interbedded within Seri Jaya beds Triassic Corrrelation : 4. References : Rajah (1986) 10. Lithology : Metavolcanics mainly crystal - 5. Type area : Gunung Chemendong - Bukit vitric rhyolitic metatuff with Simbang, Sungai Ulu Sedili and subordinate lithic - crystal and Sungai Payong area, Johor. crystal dacitic and andesitic 6. Type section : metatuff. 7. Boundaries : Interfingers with Linggiu 11. Subdivisions : formation 12. Fossils : 8. Correlation : Linggiu formation 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine 9. Thickness : < 760 m 14. Remarks : 10. Lithology : Ignimbrite, tuff, agglomerate, lava and volcanic ash varying in P40.2. composition from rhyolite to 1. Name : Mengapur limestones (of Seri Jaya rhyodacite and andesite. beds) 11. Subdivisions : 2. Origin of name : After Bukit Mengapur, central 12. Fossils : Pahang 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow neritic 3. Age : Middle to Upper Permian 14. Remarks : Peak volcanic activity was in the (Schwagerina and upper Upper Permian. Neoschwagerina zones) 4. References : Lee (1990) P42. 5. Type area : Bukit Mengapur (GR380137) and 1. Name : Linggiu formation (GR380143), central 2. Origin : After Sungai Linggiu, Johore Pahang. 3. Age : Upper Permian 6. Type section : 4. References : Rajah (1986) 7. Boudaries : Conformable lower boundary with 5. Type area : Sungai Linggiu, Bukit Pachat, Jempul slates. Sungai Tempenis, Sungai Payong 8. Correlation : and Sungai Madek 9. Thickness : ± 1200 m 6. Type section : 10. Lithology : Principally of grey, massively 7. Boundaries : Probable unconformable lower bedded and strongly jointed contact with Dohol formation. marble with lesser calcareous Conformable upper contact and graphitic slate, graphitic and non- interfingering with Sedili Volcanic graphitic phyllite and schist and formation quartzite. 8. Correlation : Sedili Volcanic formation 11. Subdivisions : 9. Thickness : ± 600 m 12. Fossils : 10. Lithology : Rhythmically bedded grey foraminifera coloured carbonaceous shale and Parachwagerina sp. sandstone with locally prominent Neoschwagerina sp. conglomeratic beds. Verbeekina sp. 11. Subdivisions : gastropod

32 PALAEOZOIC 12. Fossils : 3.2. SARAWAK plant (Gigantopteris longifolia Kodaira), P43. (Gigantopteris nicotianaefolia Halle), Alphlebia sp., 1. Name : Tuang formation Annularia shirakii Kawasaki, 2. Origin : After Muara Sungai Tuang, West Bicoemplectopteridium hallei Asama Sarawak Bicoemplectopteridium longifolium (Kodaira) Asama 3. Age : ? Pre – Upper Carboniferous Calamites cf. suckowii Brongn, 4. References : Tan, Kho & Hon (1979) Carpolithus sp., 5. Type area : Muara Sungai Tuang, West Cladophlebis ozakii,Yabe & Oishi, Sarawak Cordaicarpus cordai elongata Jongmans & Gothan, 6. Type section : Gigantonoclea (Gigantopteris) largrelli, (Halle) 7. Boundaries : Koidzumi, 8. Correlation : Gigantopteris nicotiamaefolia Schnek, 9. Thickness : Gigantospermum posthumi Jongmans & Gothan, 10. Lithology : Quartz-mica schist and phyllite Lepidodendron cf. Chosenense Kawasaki, 11. Subdivisions : Lobatannularia fujiyamae Kon’no & Asama, 12. Fossils : tentaculitid Lobatannularia johorensis Kon’no & Asama, 13. Env. of deposition : Marine turbidites? Lobatannularia johorensis-minor Kon’no & Asama, 14. Remarks : Previously referred to as Kerait Lobatannularia suntharalingamii Kon’no & Asama, Schist by Wilson (1965) and Neuropteridium yokoyamae Kon’no & Asama, shown as “Kerait Schist - Tuang Neuropteris sp., Formation” in Tan, Kho & Hon Pecopteris yinii Kon’no & Asama, (l979). For oldest rocks in Paratrizygia (Sphenophyllum) koboensis (Kobatake) Sarawak, Fig. 11 of Haile (l954) Asama, has a Sebangan hornstone Paratrizygia (Zamiopteris) glossopteroides minor formation of ? Carboniferous to (Kawasaki) Asama Permian age as the oldest Pecopteris arcuata Halle, formation in Sarawak. Psaronius johorensia Ogura. Ptychocarpus malaianus Kon’no, P44. Rajahia (Pecopteris) bifurcata Kon’no, 1. Name : Terbat Formation (Sarawak) Rajahia linggiuensis Kon’no, 2. Origin : After Terbat town, west Sarawak Rajahia pseudohemitelioides Kon’no, 3. Age : Upper Carboniferous, (mostly Rajahia rajahii Kon’no, Muscovian) to Lower Permian, Rajahia sengensis Kon’no. Lower (mostly Wolfcampian) Rhiphidopsis baieroides Kawasaki & Kon’no, 4. References : Haile (1954), Liechti, Roe & Sphenozomites sp., Haile (1960), Tan, Khoo & Hon Taeniopteris cf. Crassicaulis Jongmans & Gothan,, (l979). Taeniopteris hallei Kawasaki, 5. Type area : Terbat (Oo56’N, 110o32’E), Sadon Taeniopteris multinervis Weiss, Valley, west Sarawak Taeniopteris nystroemii Halle, 6. Type section : Tingia subcarbonica Kon’no & Asama, 7. Boundaries : Lower boundary unexposed. Tricoemplectopteris taiyuanensis Asama, Unconformable upper contact Trizygia (Sphenophyllum) sinocoreana (Yabe) Asama, with Sadong formation. Trizygia speciosa Royle (Sphenophyllum speciosum), 9. Thickness : >610 m Validopteris sinensis Stockmans & Mathieu,, 8. Correlation : 13. Env. of deposition : Near shore marine to fluvial and 10. Lithology : Light to dark grey limestone paralic swamp environment. which are mainly calcilutite, 14. Remarks : calcimicrite and calcirudite, light to dark grey chert beds and nodules, and black shales. 11. Subdivisions : Gunung Selabor limestone

33 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA 12. Fossils : land. Sains Malaysiana, 3 (1), p. 15-34. foraminifera and algae BURTON, C. K., 1986. The BalingGroup / Bannang Sata Bradyina sp., Group of the Malay / Thai Peninsula. Jour. S.E Asian Calcisphaera sp., Earth Sci., 2, p.93-106. Climacammina sp., BURTON, C. K., 1988. The geology and mineral resources Cornuspira sp., of the Bedung area, Kedah, west Malaysia. Geol. Surv. Cribrogenerina sp., Mal. Map Bull., 7, 103 pp. Cribrostomum sp., CHAND, F., 1978. The geology and mineral resources of the Endothyra sp., Ulu Paka area, Trengganu. Geol. Surv. Mal. Mem., 16, Globovalvulina sp., 124 pp. Paraschqagerina sp., COURTIER, D. B., 1974. The geology and mineral resources Plectogyra sp., of the neighbourhood of the Kulim area, Kedah. Geol. Pseudoschwagerina sp., Surv. Mal. Map Bull., 3, 50 pp. Tetrataxis sp., FOO, K. Y., 1983. The Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks of Pen- Tubertina sp., insular Malaysia – stratigraphy and correlation. Proc. Zellia sp. Workshop on Stratigraphic Correlation of Thailand 13. Env. of deposition : Neritic and Malaysia, 1, p. 1-19. 14. Remarks : FOO, K. Y., 1990. Geology and mineral resources of the REFERENCES Taiping-Kuala Kangsar area, Perak Darul Ridzuan. ABDULLAH SANI H. HASHIM, 1985. Discovery of an am- Geol. Surv. Mal. Map Rep., 1, 145 pp. monoid (Agathiceras sp.) and crinoid stems in the GAN, A. S., 1992. Geology and mineral resources of the Kenny Hill formation of Peninsular Malaysia, and its Tanjung Malim area, Perak Darul Ridzuan. Geol. Surv. significance. Geol. Soc. Mal. Newsletter, 11 (5), p. Mal. Map Rep., 4. 65 pp. 205-211. GOBETT, D. J., 1965. The Lower Palaeozoic rocks of Kuala AHMAD JANTAN, 1973. Stratigraphy of the Singa Formation Lumpur. Fed. Mus. Jour., 9, p. 67-79. (Upper Palaeozoic) in the southwestern part of the GOBETT, D. J., 1972.Geology of the Rebak Islands, Langkawi Island Group, West Malaysia. Unpubl. M. Langkawi, West Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Mal. Newsl., 37, Sc. Thesis. Univ. Malaya. 250 pp. p. 1-5. ALEXANDER, J. B., 1950. Progress report on geological work HAILE, N. S., 1954. The geology and mineral resources of in southwest Pahang, Selangor and Malacca. Geol. the Strap and Sadong Valleys, West Sarawak, includ- Surv. Malaya. Ann. Rep., 1949., p. 230-282. ing the Klingkang Range coal. Brit. Borneo Geol. Surv. ALEXANDER, J. B., 1959. Pre-Tertiary stratigraphic succes- Mem.,1 ,150 pp. sion in Malaya. Nature, Lond. 183, p. 230-231. HUTCHISON, C. S., 1973. Chapter 9. Metamorphism. In: ALEXANDER, J. B., 1968. The geology and mineral resources Gobett, D. J. & Hutchison, C.S. (eds.) Geology of the of the neighbourhood of Bentong, Pahang and adjoin- Malay Peninsula. New York: Wiley Interscience, p. ing portions of Selangor and Negeri Sembilan, incor- 253-303. porating an account of the prospecting and mining ac- IGO, H. & KOIKE, T., 1966. Ordovician and Silurian Con- tivities of the . Geol. Surv. Malaya odonts from the Langkawi Islands, Malaya. Geol. Mem., 8, 250 pp. Palaeo. S. E. Asia , 3, p. 1-29. BRADFORD, E.F., 1972. The geology and mineral resources INGHAM, F. T. & BRADFORD, E.F., 1960. Geology and min- of the Gunung Jerai area, Kedah. Geol. Surv. Mal. Dist. eral resources of the Kinta Valley, Perak. Geol. Surv. Mem., 13, 242 pp. Malaya. Dist. Mem., 9, 347 pp. BURTON, C. K., 1965. Geology and mineral resources of JAAFAR AHMAD, 1976. The geology and mineral resources the Baling area, Kedah and Perak. Geol. Surv. Mal. of the Karak and area, Pahang. Geol. Surv. Dist. Mem., 12, 150 pp. Mal. Dist. Mem., 15, 127 pp. BURTON, C. K., 1967. The Mahang Formation: A mid- JONES, C. R., 1961. A revision of the stratigraphical se- Palaeozoic euxicinic facies from Malaya – with notes quence of the Langkawi Islands, Federation of Ma- on its conditions of deposition and palaeogeography. laya. Proc. 9th Pacific Sci. Congr.,12. p. 287-300. Geol. En Mijnb., 46, p. 167-187. JONES, C.R., 1968. The Lower Palaeozoic rocks of the BURTON, C. K., 1970. Lower Palaeozoic rocks of the Malay Malay Peninsula. Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., 52, Peninsula - discussion. Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., p. 1259-1278. 54, p. 357-360. JONES, C. R., 1970. The geology and mineral resources of BURTON, C. K., 1974. The Satun Group (Nai Tak Forma- the Grik area, Upper Perak. Geol. Surv. Mal. Mem., tion and Thung Song Limestone) of Peninsular Thai- 11, 144 pp.

34 PALAEOZOIC

JONES, C. R., 1973. Lower Palaeozoic. In: Gobett, D. J. & RAJ, J. K., 1995. Clay minerals in the weathering profile Hutchison, C.S. (eds.) Geology of the Malay Penin- of a graphitic – quartz – muscovite schist in the Kajang sula. New York: Wiley Interscience, p. 25-60. area, Selangor. Geol. Soc. Mal. Newsl., 21 (1), p.1-8. JONES, C. R., 1981. The geology and mineral resources of RAJAH, S. S., 1986. The geology and mineral resources of Perlis, North Kedah and the Langkawi Islands. Geo. the Gunung Belumut area, Johore. Geol. Surv. Mal. Surv. Mal. Dist. Mem., 17, 257 pp. Mem., 19, 191 pp. KHOO, H. P., 1990. Stratigraphy of the “Main Range Foot- RICAHRDSON, J. A., 1939.The geology and mineral resources hills” Area of Peninsular Malaysia. Proc. Geol. Soc. of the neighbourhood of Raub, Pahang. Geol. Surv. Mal. Ann. Conf., 1990. Tech. Papers, 2, p.128-134. Malaya Mem., 3, 166 pp. KHOO, K.K., 1973. The geology of Bahau Area, Sheet 104 RICAHRDSON, J. A., 1950. The geology and mineral resources (Kuala Pilah), Negeri Sembilan., Geol. Surv. Mal. Ann. of the neighbourhood of Chegar Perah and , Rep., 1972, p. 93-103. Pahang, Malaya. Geol. Surv. Malaya Mem., 4, 162pp. KHOO, K. K., 1998. Geology and mineral resources of the RICHARDSON, J. A., 1946. The stratigraphy and structure of Kuala Pilah area, Negeri Sembilan. Geol. Surv. Mal. the Arenaceous Formation of the Main Range Foot- Map Rep., 11, 93 pp. hills, F. M. S. Geol. Mag., 83, p. 217-229. KHOO, T. T. & LIM, P. S., 1983. Nature of the contact be- ROE, F. W., 1951. The geology and mineral resources of tween the Taku Schists and adjacent rocks in the Manik the Fraser’s Hill area, Selangor, Perak and Pahang, Urai area, Kelantan and its implications. Geol. Soc. Federation of Malaya, with an account of the mineral Mal. Bull., 16, p. 139-158. resources. Geol. Surv. Malaya Mem., 5, 138 pp. KHOO, T. T., YAW, B. S., KIMURA, T. C. & KIM, J. H., 1988. ROE, F. W., 1953. The geology and mineral resources of Geology and palaeontology of the Redang Islands, the neighbourhood of Kuala Selangor, Federation of Trengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. Jour. S.E. Asian Malaya, with an account of the geology of Batu Arang Earth Sci., 2, p. 123-130. Coalfield. Geol. Surv. Malaya Mem., 7, 163 pp. LEE, A. K.1990. The geology and mineral resources of the SAVAG E , H. E. F., 1925. A preliminary account of the geol- Hulu Lepar area, Pahang. Geol. Surv. Mal.Dist. Mem., ogy of Kelantan. Jour. Malaya Brit. Royal Asiat. Soc., 22, 235 pp. 3 (1), p. 61-73. LEE, C. P., 1983. Stratigraphy of the Tarutao and SHI, G. R., MOHD SHAFEEA LEMAN & TAN, B. K., 1997. Early Machinchang Formations. Proc. Workshop on Strati- Permian Brachiopods of Gondwana Affinity from the graphic Correlation of Thailand and Malaysia, 1, p. Singa Formation, Langkawi Island, Northwestern Pen- 20-37. insular Malaysia. Geothai ’97 (Abstract). LIECHTI, P., ROE, F. W. & HAILE, N.S., 1960. The geology SHU, Y. K., 1989. Geology and Mineral Resources of the of Sarawak, Brunei and the Western part of North Kuala Kelawang Area, Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan. Geol. Borneo. Geol. Surv. Brit. Borneo Bull., 3 (1), 360 pp. Surv. Mal. Dist. Mem., 20, 208 pp. LOGANATHAN, P., 1993. Geology and mineral resources of STAUFFER, P. H., 1973. Kenny Hill Formation. In: Gobett, the Durian Tipus area, Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus. D. J. & Hutchison, C.S. (eds.) Geology of the Malay Geol. Surv. Mal. Map Rep., 6, 118 pp. Peninsula. New York: Wiley Interscience, p. 87-91. MACDONALD, S., 1967. The geology and mineral resources STAUFFER, P. H. & LEE, C.P., 1986. Late Palaeozoic glacial of North Kelantan and North Trengganu. Geol. Surv. marine facies in southeast Asia and its implications. Mal. Dist. Mem., 10, 202 pp. Geol. Soc. Mal. Bull., 20, p. 363-397. METCALFE,I., IDRIS, M. & TAN, J. R., 1980. Stratigraphy SUNTHARALINGAM, T., 1968. Upper Palaeozoic stratigraphy and palaeontology of the Carboniferous sediments in of the area west of Kampar, Perak. Geol. Soc. Mal. the Panching area, Pahang, West Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Bull. 1, p. 1-15. Mal. Bull., 13, p. 1-26. TAN, D. N. K., KHO, C. H. & HON. V., 1979. Sarawak. Geol. MOHD SHAFEEA LEMAN., 1997. Fosil dalam batuan Formasi Surv. Mal. Ann. Rep., 1979, p. 97-118. Machinchang (Fossils of the Machinchang Formation). WILSON, R. A. M., 1965. Regional geology of West Sarawak, In: Ibrahim Komoo, Mohd Shafeea Leman, Kadderi Borneo. Geol. Surv. Mal. Ann. Rep., 1964, p. 76-86. Md Desa & Ibrahim Abdullah (eds.) Warisan Geologi YIN, E. H., 1976. Geological Map of Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia (Geological Heritage of Malaysia). YIN, E. H. (in prep.) Geology and mineral resources of the LESTARI UKM. p. 169-183. Kuala Lumpur area, Selangor. Geol. Surv. Mem.

35 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA

36 MESOZOIC

Part 2 MESOZOIC

MOHD. SHAFEEA LEMAN Program Geologi, Fakulti Sains & Teknologi Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor

INTRODUCTION detrital sediment (the Semanggol Formation) are Mesozoic rock formations are found widespread in widespread, while the Permo-Triassic of northwest Kedah the Northwest and Central Belt of Peninsular Malaysia as and Perlis is represented by the north-south trending well as in West Sarawak. Very few Mesozoic rock Chuping and Kodiang Limestones. The uppermost Triassic formations are known in the Eastern Belt of Peninsular and Lower sediments are missing from this belt. Malaysia and in Sabah. Thirty eight Mesozoic rock In the late Mesozoic, only two rock units are known from formations are known in Malaysia (Table 2), including two small isolated basins, the Saiong Bed in northeast 28 formations from onshore Peninsular Malaysia (Figure Kedah and the Nenering Bed from north Perak. 6), 8 formations from West Sarawak (Figure 7) and 1 In the Central Belt of Peninsular Malaysia, where the formation each from Sabah (the Madai-Baturong Mesozoic rocks are dominant, they form a continuous limestone) and the offshore Malay Basin (the Sotong north-south trending belt, extended beyond the limestone). Some of the Mesozoic rock formations, i.e. international boundaries with Thailand (the Gua Musang the Chuping limestone (refer Paleozoic section), Kodiang Formation) in the north and Singapore (the Jurong limestone and Semanggol formation in northwest Formation) in the south. The Mesozoic of the Central Belt Peninsular Malaysia, and the Gua Musang, Telong and was divided into three groups by Khoo (1983), viz. the Aring (refer to Paleozoic section) formations in the Central marine flysch Triassic sediments, the gently folded late Belt are parts of inseparable Late Paleozoic (Permian) - Triassic-Jurassic Tekai Group (referred to Tembeling Early Mesozoic (Triassic) lithostratigraphic units. In Group in this paper) and the very gentle or flat-bedded Sarawak, the Late Mesozoic Lubuk Antu complex, Kayan Jurassic- continental sediments. Khoo (1983) sandstone, Belaga formation and in Sabah, the Sabah apparently also included all the Mesozoic rock formations complex are hardly distinguishable from the Early Tertiary from the Eastern Belt into his so-called the axial belt of rocks (refer all formations in Tertiary section). Peninsular Malaysia. The marine environment in this belt Malaysian Mesozoic rock formations were only prevailed up to Middle Triassic or early Late Triassic traditionally grouped together in different geographical in most places (from Kelantan to Johor) but marine and paleoenvironmental settings (Figure 5), thus conditions persisted up to Early Jurassic in Singapore (the correlation between different settings are hard to establish. upper part of the Jurong Formation). Correlations between different regions were usually based In general, the marine Triassic sediments in the Central on fossil occurrences, while lithological correlations which Belt are more tuffaceous compared with the rocks of the were sometimes used have often proven to be in error. same age in the Western Belt. The Permo-Triassic of the These formations are usually very well correlated within Gua Musang, Aring and Gunung Rabong Formations in the same geographical and paleoenvironmental settings. Kelantan and northern Pahang is dominated by shallow In some areas several formations were naturally occurring marine clastics and carbonates with volcanic interbeds. together as a Group, such as the Tembeling, Raub and Towards the south, deeper marine turbiditic sediments are Gagau Groups in the Central Belt of Peninsular Malaysia. more dominant in the Telong, Semantan ( Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of Peninsular Malaysia Formation of Burton, 1973a), and Gemas Formation are made up of Triassic flysch-type marine sediments and (including Tenang Bed). These turbidites are also Jurassic-Cretaceous continental sediments (Khoo, 1983, see commonly tuffaceous in nature and in places volcanic Figure 7), occurring in three separate belts, namely the interbeds occurred. The shallow marine Kaling Formation Western, Central and Eastern Belts (Khoo & Tan, 1983). (Lipis Group of Procter, 1973 or Jelai Formation of Burton, The Mesozoic of the Western Belt is only restricted 1973a) forms an elongated belt from northern Pahang to to its northern part which is considered as the northwestern Negeri Sembilan on the western side of these flysch type zone of Peninsular Malaysia by Foo (1983). In Kedah and sediments. On the eastern side of the Central Belt, the northwest Perak, the Permo-Triassic marine flysch-type Late Triassic - Jurassic Koh Formation and Tembeling

37 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Paloh Formation also unconformably overlying the Triassic of Serabang formation and the Sebangan Hornstone which sediments in the east, while the Ma’Okil Formation overlie might have been deposited in a deeper marine condition. them in the west. Progressive shallowing of the Triassic The Late Triassic volcanic activities in West Sarawak is basin is shown in the Jurong Formation in the south, shown by the presence of Serian volcanics (interfingering) whereas in the north shallow marine succession of the at the top part of the shallow marine Sadong Formation. Kaling (part of) and Kerum Formation often succeeding Progressive shallowing of the West Sarawak Basin is shown the generally deeper marine succession of the Semantan during Jurassic to Cretaceous time. Shallow marine Formation. condition with strong continental influence are seen in the Except for the newly discovered Triassic limestone in Jurassic-Cretaceous Pedawan and Kedadom Formations offshore , no other marine sediments is known while shelf carbonate is best displayed by the widespread in the onshore Eastern Belt. In the onshore Eastern Belt, Upper Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous Bau Limestone in West flat-bedded Jurassic-Cretaceous sediments occurr in several Sarawak. In Sabah, the basement complexes of Sabah might isolated basins from Kelantan-Terengganu-Pahang states be of Mesozoic age, but the only certain Mesozoic is boundary (The Gagau Group) in the north to the Panti represented by the carbonate deposits of the Madai- Sandstone in southeast Johor. Other formations include the Baturong Limestone. Towards the end of Mesozoic, the Gerek Formation and Lesong Sandstone in Pahang and the Cretaceous radiolarian chert found within both the Lubuk Ulu Endau Bed, Murau Conglomerate and Tebak Formation Antu and Sabah complexes, indicate the presence of deep in Johor. marine subduction related trenches in both states of East All Mesozoic sedimentary rocks from East Malaysia Malaysia. were of marine origin, mostly shallow marine shelf deposits except for the chert dominant Sejingkat formation and part

Figure 5. Correlation chart for Mesozoic rock formations in Malaysia.

38 MESOZOIC Table 2. List of Mesozoic rock formations in Malaysia.

No. Formation Age 1. PENINSULAR MALAYSIA M1 Semanggol formation Lower Permian to Upper Triassic M1.1 Chert member Lower Permian to Lower Triassic M1.2 Rhythmite member Middle Triassic to Upper Triassic M1.3 Conglomerate member Middle Triassic to Upper Triassic M2 Gua Musang formation Middle Permian to Upper Triassic M3 Kodiang Limestone Upper Permian to Upper Triassic M4 Jurong formation ?Permian to Lower Jurassic M4.1 Gunung Pulai volcanic member ?Permian to ?Lower Triassic M4.2 Bukit Resam member ?Middle Triassic to Upper Triassic M4.3 Pasir Panjang member Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic M5 Telong formation ?Permian to Upper Triassic M6 Buluh sandstone ?Lower Triassic M7 Gunung Rabong formation Middle Triassic to Upper Triassic M8 Semantan Formation Middle Triassic to Upper Triassic M9 Gemas formation Middle Triassic to Upper Triassic M10 Kaling Formation Middle Triassic to Upper Triassic M11 Hulu Lepar beds ?Middle Triassic to ?Lower Cretaceous M11.1 Tekam tuff M11.2 Serentang tuff M11.3 Berkelah conglomerate M11.4 Berapit sandstone M12 Koh Formation ?Upper Triassic to ?Jurassic M13 Kerum formation ?(of Tembeling group) ?Upper Triassic M14 Lanis Conglomerate (of Tembeling group) ?Jurassic M15 Mangking Sandstone (of Tembeling group) ?Jurassic M16 Termus Shale (of Tembeling Group) ?Upper Jurassic to Cretaceous M17 Murau Conglomerate ?Jurassic M18 Badong Conglomerate (of Gagau group) ?Jurassic M19 Lotong Sandstone (of Gagau group) Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous M20 Tebak Formation Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous M21 Ulu Endau Bed Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous M22 Bertangga Sandstone ?Jurassic to ?Cretaceous M23 Paloh Formation ?Jurassic to ?Cretaceous M24 Gerek Sandstone ?Jurassic to ?Cretaceous M25 Ma’Okil Formation ?Jurassic to ?Cretaceous M26 Saiong Bed ?Jurassic to ?Cretaceous M27 Lesong sandstone ?Jurassic to ?Cretaceous M28 Nenering Bed ?Cretaceous 2. SARAWAK M29 Sadong Formation Upper Triassic M30 Serian Volcanic Formation Upper Triassic M31 Kedadom Formation Lower Jurassic to Cretaceous M32 Sejingkat Formation Jurassic to Cretaceous M33 Pedawan Formation Jurassic to Cretaceous M34 Serabang Formation Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous M35 Bau Limestone Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous M36 Sebangan Hornstone Cretaceous 2. SABAH M37 Madai-Baturong Formation Upper Cretaceous

39 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA

M1.1 M1.3 M26 M3 M1.2

M28

M2

M1

M2 M1 M18 M5 M2 M7 M12 M19

M2 M16

M13 M14 M10 M15 M15

M11

M8 M6

M10 M23 M22 M8

M21 M27

M9 M17 M25 M24 M9 M20

M9

M4

Figure 6. Location of Mesozoic rock formations of Peninsular Malaysia. Map reproduced with the permission of the 40 Director-General of Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia. MESOZOIC M37 Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia. M29 M30 M36 Figure 7. Location of Mesozoic rock formations of East Malaysia. Map reproduced with the permission of the Director-General of of the Director-General of East Malaysia. Map reproduced with the permission 7. Location of Mesozoic rock formations Figure M29 M32 M33 M33 M31 M34 M30 M35

41 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA

2.1. PENINSULAR MALAYSIA 5. Type area : Central - North Kedah 6. Type section : 7. Boundaries : Unconformably overlying Lower M1. Paleozoic rocks; conformably 1. Name : Semanggol formation overlain by the rhythmite member 2. Origin of name : After Gunung Semanggol, north 8. Correlation : Perak 9. Thickness : 600 m 3. Age : Lower Permian to Upper Triassic 10. Lithology : Thinly bedded light to dark grey 4. References : Alexander et al. (1959), Burton chert interbedded with mudstone, (1973a), Khoo (1983), Shashida et sandstone and limestone al. (1995), Basir Jasin (1996) 11. Subdivision : 5. Type area : Gunung Semanggol, Perak; also 12. Fossils : extensively found in Kedah conodont (Triassic) 6. Type section : Bukit Merah, Semanggol, Perak Ellisonia sp. 7. Boundaries : Unconformably overlying Lower Metapolygnathus polygnathiformis (Budurov & Paleozoic rocks in the west; Stefanov) intruded by Upper Triassic Neospathodus sp. granites in the east; ?Xaniognathus sp. unconformably overlain by the radiolaria (Permian) Saiong Bed Albaillella excelsa Ishiga, Kito & Imoto 8. Correlation : The lower part is equivalent to Albaillella levis Ishiga, Kito & Imoto Gua Musang Formation, the upper Albaillella triangularis Ishiga, Kito & Imoto part is equivalent to Semantan Entactinosphaera pseudocimelia Shashida & Tonishi Formation. Entactinosphaera sp. 9. Thickness : Follicucullus monacanthus Ishiga & Imoto 10. Lithology : (See Chert member , Rhythmite Follicucullus porrectus Rudenko member and Conglomerate Follicucullus scholasticus Ormiston & Babcock member) Follicucullus ventricosus Ormiston & Babcock 11. Subdivision s : Divided into three members i.e. ?Ishigaum sp. Chert member , Rhythmite Naxarovella inflata Shashida & Tonishi member and Conglomerate Nazarovella gracilis De Wever & Caridroit member Neoalbaillella cf. pseudoprypus Shashida & Tonishi 12. Fossils : See members Neoalbaillella ornithoformis Takemura & Nakaseko 13. Env. of deposition : Deep marine turbidite Octatormentum sp. 14. Remarks : The formation was introduced by Praedeflandrella sp. Alexander et al. (1959) as a Pseudoalbaillella cf. asymmetrica Ishiga & Imoto Triassic formation. The Pseudoalbaillella elongata Ishiga & Imoto subdivision of the formation was Pseudoalbaillella scalprata Ishiga introduced by Burton (1973a). Pseudotormentus sp. The finding of Permian Ruzhencevispongus sp. radiolarian in this formation were Triplanospongos musashiensis Shashida & Tonishi reported by Shashida et al. (1995) radiolaria (Triassic) and Basir Jasin (1996) Acanthosphaera awaensis (Nakaseko & Nishimura) Cryptostephanidium sp. M1.1. Eptigium mandfredi Dumitrica Hozmadia rotunda (Nakaseko & Nishimura) 1. Name : Chert member (of Semanggol Parasepsagon cf. asymmetricus (Kozur & Mostler) formation) Parasepsagon variabilis (Nakaseko & Nishimura) 2. Origin of name : After dominant lithology. Pseudostylosphaera coccostyla (Rust) 3. Age : Lower Permian to Middle Triassic Pseudostylosphaera compacta (Nakaseko & 4. References : Alexander (1959), Burton Nishimura) (1973a), Shashida et al. (1995), Pseudostylosphaera japonica (Nakaseko & Nishimura) Basir Jasin (1996), Metcalfe Pseudostylosphaera magnispinosa (Nakaseko & (1990) Nishimura)

42 MESOZOIC Triassocampe deweveri (Nakaseko & Nishimura) Halobia paralella Kobayashi Triassocampe sp. Halobia subquadrata Kobayashi Yeharia japonica (Nakaseko & Nishimura) Halobia talauna Wanner 13. Env. of deposition : Deep marine Posidonia cf. cycloidalis Kittl 14. Remarks : Posidonia cf. idriana (Mojsisovics) Posidonia cf. japonica Kobayashi & Hukusawa M1.2. Posidonia kedahensis Kobayashi Posidonia sp. 1. Name : Rhythmite member (of Posidonia tawarensis Kobayashi & Tokuyama Semanggol formation) cephalopod 2. Origin of name : After dominant lithology. ?Hannoceras nasturtium (Mojsisovics) 3. Age : Middle to Upper Triassic Juvavites sp. 4. References : Burton (1973a), Kobayashi foraminifera (1963b) Arenovidalina indosinica 5. Type area : Gunung Semanggol area in North Aulotortus sp. Perak; South Kedah and North - Dentalina sp. Central Kedah Endothyra sp. 6. Type section : Glomospira sp. 7. Boundaries : Conformably overlying the chert Trochammina sp. member, conformably overlain by 13. Env. of deposition : Distal submarine fan conglomerate member. 14. Remarks : 8. Correlation : Equivalent to Semantan Formation 9. Thickness : 1000 m M1.3. 10. Lithology : Interbedded sandstone and shale 1. Name : Conglomerate member (of (or mudstone): sandstone - lithic Semanggol formation) greywacke, litharenite in 2. Origin of name : After dominant lithology. composition, grading to pebbly 3. Age : Middle to Upper Triassic sandstone and conglomerate and 4. References : Burton (1973a) with cross bedding: shale (light 5. Type area : North - Central Kedah, Gunung grey to dark grey) with parallel Semanggol area in Perak and convolute lamination and 6. Type section : slump structure 7. Boundaries : Conformably overlying the 11. Subdivision : rhythmite member, 12. Fossils : unconformably overlain by the bivalve Saiong bed. Chlamys courtieri Kobayashi 8. Correlation : Daonella burtoni Kobayashi & Tokuyama 9. Thickness : Daonella cf. kotoi Mojsisovics 10. Lithology : Light grey conglomerate (poorly Daonella cf. pectinoides Kobayashi & Tokuyama sorted grain supported Daonella indica Bittner conglomerate) interbedded with Daonella multilineata (Jones) sandstone and shale with gradded Daonella posidoniformis Kobayashi & Tokuyama bedding and load structure Daonella procteri Kobayashi & Tokuyama 11. Subdivision : Daonella sp. 12. Fossils : Daonella sumatrensis Volz 13. Env. of deposition : Prograding submarine fan Gervillia sp. 14. Remarks : Halobia ?malayensis Newton Halobia aotii Kobayashi & Ichikawa M2. Halobia cf. austriaca Mojsisovics 1. Name : Gua Musang formation Halobia cf. mollukana Wanner 2. Origin of name : After Gua Musang town in south Halobia cf. styriaca Mojsisovics Kelantan Halobia charlyana Mojsisovics 3. Age : Middle Permian to Upper Triassic Halobia comata Bittner 4. References : Yin (1965), Burton (1973a), Khoo

43 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA (1983), Fontaine et al. (1986), ?Myoconcha sp. Fontaine et al. (1994), Metcalfe Mysidioptera sp. (1992), Igo et al. (1965), Mohd Mytilus sp. Shafeea Leman (1993) , Neoschizodus cf. laevigatus elargatus Philippi Kobayashi & Tamura (1968a) Neoschizodus cf. ovatus elongatus Gievel 5. Type area : Gua Musang area, south Kelantan Neoschizodus laevigatus elongatus Philippi (extended to north Kelantan and Neoschizodus sp. north Pahang) Nuculana cf. sulcellata (Wissmann) 6. Type section : Pachymya ?malayensis Tamura 7. Boundaries : Lower boundary is not known; ?Paleolima sp. Upper boundary is overlain by the Palaeonucula subequiUpperra tswaensis (Reed) Koh Formation (nature of Pinna sp. boundary is not known) Plagiostoma sp. 8. Correlation : The upper part of Gua Musang Plicatula (psedoplacunopsis) cf. carinata Healey Formation is interfingering with ?Pleuromya sp. the Semantan Formation, ?Telong Posidonia sp. Formation and Gunung Rabong Promyalina sp. Formation Pteria jaaferi Tamura 9. Thickness : Pteria pahangensis Newton 10. Lithology : Argillaceous and calcareous rocks Pteria sp. interbedded with volcanic and Schafhaeutella aff. astartiformis (Wissmann) arenaceous rocks Terquimia ?malayensis Tamura 11. Subdivision : Trigonodus cf. problematicus (Klipstein) 12. Fossils : Unionites sp. algae brachiopod Hikorocodium sp. Antiquatonia sp. Solenopora sp. Choanosteges sp. Tubiphytes sp. Costispinifera sp. bivalve Crenispirifer sp. ?Antiquilima sp. Crurithyris sp. Cassianella malayensis Tamura Derbyia sp. Cassianella sp. Derbyoides sp. Chlamys chegarperahensis Tamura Dictyoclostus sp. Claraia greisbachi concentrica Yabe Dielasma sp. Claraia intermedia multistriata Ichikawa Echinauris sp. ?Corbula sp. Echinoconchus sp. Costatoria chegarperahensis Kobayashi & Tamura Enteletes sp. Costatoria malayensis (Newton) Haydenella minuta Sarytcheva Costatoria quinquicostata Kobayashi & Tamura Hustedia sp. Costatoria sp. Isogramma sp. Daonella lindstroemi Mojsisovics Leptodus cf. catenata (Waagen) Daonella lomelli (Wiesmann) Leptodus cf. tenuis (Waagen) Daonella sakawana Mojsisovics Leptodus nobilis (Waagen) Entolium cf. discites Schlotheim Leptodus sp. Entolium liscaviense shanglanense Guo Linoproductus lineatus (Waagen) Entolium sp. Linoproductus sp. Entolium subdemissum Munster Marginifera sp. Eopecten sp. Meekella sp. Eumorphotis cf. multiformis (Bittner) Micraphelia sp. Grammotodon cf. impressa (Munster) Neochonetes sp. Hoernessia cf. chobaiensis Patte Neophricadothyris sp. ?Homomya sp. Neospirifer sp. Lima cf. lineata Schlotheim Oldhamina dicipens (deKoninck) Lopha montiscaprilis Klipstein Oldhamina sp.

44 MESOZOIC Oldhamina squamossa Huang Hindeodella tatgei Igo & Koike Orthotichia sp. Lonchodina nevadensis Muller Parallytonia sp. Malayagnathus tetraserratus Igo & Koike Paraspiriferina sp. Neoprioniodus bicuspidatus Muller Parenteletes sp. Neoprioniodus cf. unicornis Muller Plicatifera sp. Neoprioniodus hamosus Igo & Koike Pseudoleptodus sp. Neospathodus dieneri Sweet Reticularina sp. Neospathodus sp. Reticulatia sp. Platyvillosus costatus (Staesch) Retimarginifera sp. Platyvillosus hamadai Koike Rhipidomella sp. Prioniodina procteri Igo & Koike Rhynchopora sp. ?Prioniodina kelantanensis Igo & Koike Schizophoria sp. Roundya sp. Spinifrons sp. Spathognathus conservatica Muller Spiriferella sp Xaniognathus saginatus (Huckriede) Spiriferellina sp. Xaniognathus sp. Stenoscisma sp. coral Transennatia gratiosus (Waagen) Lopophyllidium sp. Uncinunellina timorensis (Beyrich) foraminifera Waagenites sp. ?Ammobaculites sp. Waagenoconcha sp. ?Codonofisiella sp. cephalopod Baisalina cf. pulchra Reitlinger Arctoceras cf. blomstrandi (Lindstrom) Climacammina ex gr valvulinoides Lange Balatonites sp. Colaniella cf. media (Miklukho-Maklay) Ceratites sp. colaniella sp. Frechites sp. Dagmarita sp. ?Frecherites sp. Diplopora sp. Meekoceras gracilitatis Duotaxis sp. Owenites carpenteri Smith Endothyra sp. Owenites koeneni Hyatt & Smith Endothyranella sp. ?Paraceltites sp. Frondicularia sp. Paraceratites cf. trinodosus (Mojsisovics) Globivalvulina sp. Paraceratites sp. Glomospira densa (Pantic) Paranannites aspenensis Hyatt & Smith Glomospira sp. Prosphingingites austini Hyatt & Smith Goniolinopsis hexagona Milanovich Pseudosageceras multilobatumNoetling Ichtyolaria cf. latilimbata deCivreux & Dessauvagie conodont Meandrospira dinarica Kochansky-Devide & Pantic Cypridodella magnidentata (Tatge) Mizzia sp. Cypridodella muelleri (Tatge) Nankinella sp. Cypridodella sp Neodiscus sp. Ellisonia bogschi (Kozur & Mostler) Pachyploia ovata Lange Ellisonia nevadensis (Muller) Palaeofusulina cf. bella (Sheng) Ellisonia sp. Palaeofusulina sp. Ellisonia triassica (Muller) Para globivalvulinoides sp. Ellisonia triconigera Igo & Koike Permocalculus sp. Ellisonia yini Igo & Koike Pilaminella sp. ?Ellisonia malayensis Igo & Koike Reichelina cf. changshingensis (sheng & Chang) Hibbardella deflexa Igo & Koike Reichelina sp. Hibbardella sp. Staffella sp. Hindeodella clarkei Igo & Koike 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine shelf deposit. with Hindeodella kobayashii Igo & Koike active volcanic activity Hindeodella serrata Igo & Koike 14. Remarks : Hindeodella sp.

45 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA M3. Capnuchosphaera sp. 1. Name : Kodiang Limestone Hagiastrum cf. augustum Pessagno 2. Origin of name : After Kodiang Town in north Kahlerosphaera sp. Kedah Latium sp. 3. Age : Upper Permian to Upper Triassic Paronaella sp. 4. References : Jones et al. (1966), deCoo & Perispongidium sp. Smith (1975), Metcalfe (1981), Pseudostylosphaera cf. spinulosa Nakaseko & Khoo (1983), Kamal Roslan Nishimura Mohamed et al. 1993) Sarla sp. 5. Type area : North Kedah (especially Kodiang Sontonaella sp. area) Spongostylus sp. 6. Type section : Bukit Kechil and Bukit Kalong, Tetraporobrachia asymmetrica Kozur & Mostler Kodiang, Kedah Triassocampe sulovensis Kozur & Mock 7. Boundaries : Overlying calcareous mudstone Xenorum flexum Blome and sandstone unit of unknown foraminifera unit, upper boundary eroded away. Agathammina ?iranica Zanenetti, Bronnimann, 8. Correlation : Lateral equivalent of part of Bozorgnia & Huber Semanggol Formation and upper Agathammina australpina Kristan-Tollmann & part of Chuping Limestone. Tollmann 9. Thickness : 125 m Agathammina sp. 10. Lithology : Thinly bedded dark grey Ammobaculites sp. limestone (or dolomite) with Austrocolomia sp. finely laminated black shale and Dentalina sp. chert lenses and nodules; Diplotremina astrofimbriata Kristan-Tollman limestone (biopelsparite, Diplotremina sp. calcilutite, calcarenite in Earlandia amplimuralis (Pantic) composition). Earlandia gracilis (Pantic) 11. Subdivision : Earlandinita soussii Salaj 12. Fossils : Earlandinita sp. algae Endothyra kuepperi Oberhausser Girvanella sp. Endothyra malayensis Gazdzicki Solenopora sp. Endothyra salaji Gazdzicki Tubiphytes obscurus Endothyra sp. bivalve Endothyranella lombardi Zaninetti & Bronnimann Eumorphotis sp. Endothyranella sp. conodont Endothyranella wirzi (Koehn-Zaninetti) Apatognathus ziegleri Diebel Glomospira densa (Pantic) Diplodolella lautissima (Huckriede) Glomospira gemerica (Salaj) Diplodolella meissneri (Tatge) Glomospira grandis Salaj Gladigondolella cf. abneptis (Huckriede) Glomospira sp. Gladigondolella tethydis (Huckriede) Glomospirella sp. Gondolella navicula Huckriede Glomospirella spirillinoides (Grozdilova & Hindeodella multithama Huckriede Glebovskaya) Hindeodella petrae-viridis Huckriede Involutina cf. pragsoides (Oberhausser) Hindeodella triassica Muller Involutina communis (Kristan) Lonchodina Mulleri Tatge Involutina gaschei Zaninetti & Bronnimann Neoprionodus cf. kochi (Huckriede) Involutina sinuosa (Weynschenk) Ozarkodina saginata Huckriede Involutina sp. radiolaria Meandrospira deformata Salaj Capnuchosphaera triassica De Wever Meandrospira dinarica Kochansky-Devide & Pantic Canoptum cf. farawayensis Blome Meandrospira fusilla (Ho) Canoptum laxum Blome ?Meandrospiranella sp. Canoptum sp. Nodosaria sp. Ophthalmidium sp.

46 MESOZOIC Planiinvoluta carinata Leischner Bukit Resam member. ?Planiinvoluta sp. 8. Correlation : ?Pseudonodosaria sp. 9. Thickness : Tetrataxis sp. 10. Lithology : Mainly dark green to greenish Textularia sp. grey rhyodacitic tuff, agglomerate Tolypammina gregaria Wendt with dacitic to andesitic tuff and ?Triasina sp. lava and minor clastic sediment Trochammina almtalensis Koehn-Zaninetti 11. Subdivision : Trochammmina sp. 12. Fossils : Turritella cf. mesotriasica Koehn-Zaninetti 13. Env. of deposition : Variostoma sp. 14. Remarks : 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine to continental slope M4.2. 14. Remarks : First introduced by Jones et al. 1. Name : Bukit Resam member (of Jurong (1966) as Kodiang limestone and formation) formalized by deCoo & Smith 2. Origin of name : After Bukit Resam in South Johor (1975) as Kodiang Formation. 3. Age : ?Middle Triassic to Upper Triassic 4. References : Burton (1973a,b) M4. 5. Type area : Bukit Resam area in south Johor , 1. Name : Jurong formation in Singapore Island 2. Origin of name : After Jurong Town in Singapore 6. Type section : 3. Age : ?Permian to Lower Jurassic 7. Boundaries : ?Unconformably overlying the 4. References : Burton (1973a,b) Gunung Pulai Volcanic member 5. Type area : South Johor and Singapore and conformably overlain by the 6. Type section : Refer to members Pasir Panjang member. 7. Boundaries : Intruded by granite, upper 8. Correlation : Partly equivalent to the Gemas boundary - eroded. and Semantan Formation. 8. Correlation : The lower part is equivalent to the 9. Thickness : Semantan Formation while the 10. Lithology : Frequent alternation of shale and upper part is equivalent to the sandstone with minor siltstone and Kaling Formation conglomerate and few volcanic 9. Thickness : tuff. 10. Lithology : (See Gunung Pulai Volcanic 11. Subdivision : member, Bukit Resam member 12. Fossils : and Pasir Panjang member) bivalve 11. Subdivision : Subdivided into Gunung Pulai Arca sp. Volcanic member, Bukit Resam Cassianella sp. member and Pasir Panjang Costatoria malayensis (Newton) member. Costatoria cf. goldfussi (Zieten) 12. Fossils : See members Cuspidaria sp. 13. Env. of deposition : See members Gervillia sp. 14. Remarks : Gonodon sp. Lima sp. M4.1. Lucina sp. Modiolus cf. nachamensis Mansuy 1. Name : Gunung Pulai volcanic member Myoconcha sp. (of Jurong formation) Myophoriopsis cf. carinata Bittner 2. Origin of name : After Gunung Pulai in south Johor. ?Pachycardia sp. 3. Age : ? Permian or ?Lower Triassic Pecten sp. 4. References : Burton (1973a,b) Pleuromya sp. 5. Type area : Gunung Pulai area in south Johor Posidonia sp. 6. Type section : Prolaria sp. 7. Boundaries : Intruded by granite and Pteria sp. ?unconformably overlain by the

47 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Trigonia cf. zlambachensis Haas ?Nuculana sp. Trigonodus sp. Opis cf. hoeninghausi (Klipstein) 13. Env. of deposition :Shallow marine paralic Palaeocardita cf. crenata (Goldfuss) environment. Palaeoneilo sp. 14. Remarks : ?Plagiostoma sp. Posidonia sp. M4.3. Promathilda colon (Wissmann) Prospondylus comtus (Goldfuss) 1. Name : Pasir Panjang member (of Jurong Schafhaeutella astartiformis (Wissmann) formation) Spondylus dubiosus (Bittner) 2. Origin of name : After Pasir Panjang on the south Synclonema sp. coast of Singapore Island ?Thracia sp. 3. Age : Upper Triassic (Carnian) to Lower Volsella cf. compressa Goldfuss Jurassic brachiopod 4. References : Burton (1973a), Kobayashi & Spiriferina cf. fragilis (Schlotheim) Tamura (1968b) plant 5. Type area : Pasir Panjang area in Singapore Carpolithus sp. 6. Type section : Podozamites lanceolatus Lindley & Hutton 7. Boundaries : Conformably overlying the Bukit 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine paralic Resam Member, with environment interfingering base 14. Remarks : This member was not discussed by 8. Correlation : ?Equivalent to part of Kerum Burton (1973b) when he described Formation the formation from . 9. Thickness : 10. Lithology : Repeatedly intercalating conglomerate, sandstone and M5. lutite. 1. Name : Telong formation 11. Subdivision : 2. Origin of name : After Sungai Telong (a tributary 12. Fossils : of Sungai Aring) in south bivalve Kelantan Anodontophora sp. 3. Age : ?Permian to Upper Triassic Arca sp. (Carnian) Astarte guthriensis Newton 4. References : Aw (1990), Khoo (1983) Astarte scrivenori Newton 5. Type area : Sungai Telong, the upper reaches Cardium scrivenori Kobayashi & Tamura of Sungai Aring in south Kelantan Cassianella cf. tenuistriata (Munster) 6. Type section : Along Sungai Telong from a point Cassianella cf. verbeeki Krumbeck at GR QZ793358 upstream to GR Chlamys cf. valoniensis (Defrance-Leymerie) QZ765344 Costatoria singapurensis Kobayashi & Tamura 7. Boundaries : Lower boundary : Costatoria aff. goldfussi (Zieten) Unconformably overlying the Gua Costatoria cf. myophoria (Boettiger) Musang Formation and Cucullea scrivenori Newton unconformably overlain by the ?Cucullaea sp. Koh Formation ?Entolium sp. 8. Correlation : ?Lateral equivalent to Gunung Gervillia hantschi Newton Rabung Formation and Semantan Gervillia scrivenori Newton Formation Goniomya scrivenori Newton 9. Thickness : >1000 m Goniomya singapurensis Newton 10. Lithology : Sequence of predominantly Halobia sp. argillite associated with some tuff Lopha cf. montiscaprilis (Klipstein) 11. Subdivision : ?Lucina sp. 12. Fossils : Maoritrigonia ?bittneri (Newton) bivalve Modiolopsis gonoides Healey Amonotis sp. Myophoria sp. Costatoria pahangensis Kobayashi & Tamura

48 MESOZOIC Costatoria quinquicostata Kobayashi & Tamura environment. Costatoria sp. 14. Remarks : Proximal to Berkelah granite, the Entolium sp. sandstone has undergone contact ?Hoernessia sp. metamorphism and changed to Langsonella sp. phyllite and slate. Lima sp. Neoschizodus sp. M7. cephalopod 1. Name : Gunung Rabong formation Anatomites sp. 2. Origin of name : After Gunung Rabong in south Hoplotropites sp. Kelantan 13. Env. of deposition : Stable shallow marine 3. Age : Middle Triassic (Ladinian) to environment with occasional Upper Triassic (Carnian) supply of fine pyroclastic material 4. References : Yin (1965), Khoo (1983) 14. Remarks : Khoo (1983) mentioned that the 5. Type area : Gunung Rabong area in south age of Telong formation is Kelantan probably of Middle to Upper 6. Type section : Triassic, while Aw (1990) 7. Boundaries : Unconformably overlying the Gua suggested a ?Permian to Upper Musang Formation Triassic age for this formation. 8. Correlation : Lateral equivalent to Telong Formation and Semantan M6. Formation 1. Name : Buluh sandstone 9. Thickness : 2. Origin of name : After Sungai Buluh, a tributary of 10. Lithology : Predominantly arenaceous- Sungai Lepar in area, argillaceous rocks sequence with Pahang subordinate calcareous, rudaceous 3. Age : Lower Triassic and volcanic bands 4. References : Lee (1990) 11. Subdivision : 5. Type area : Ridges east of Kg. Seri Jaya, 12. Fossils : extended to Maran area. bivalve 6. Type section : Reference Section is from Daonella sp. headwater of Sungai Buluh Halobia sp. (GR492050) to 2km downstream 13. Env. of deposition : (GR 513052), Map Sheet 81 14. Remarks : 7. Boundaries : Unconformably overlying the Permian Seri Jaya beds and M8. intruded by the Upper Triassic 1. Name : Semantan Formation (of Raub granites, upper boundary not Group) known. 2. Origin of name : After Sungai Semantan in 8. Correlation : Temerloh, Pahang 9. Thickness : + 650 m 3. Age : Middle Triassic to Upper Triassic 10. Lithology : Prominantly of homogeneous and 4. References : Jaafar Ahmad (1976); Scrivenor well bedded sandstone with minor (1911), Richardson (1939), intercalation of siltstone, Richardson (1950), Alexander mudstone and shale. Sandstone is (1959), Burton (1973a), fine to medium grained, well Loganathan (1977), Jaafar Ahmad sorted with randomly distributed (1980), Khoo (1983), Kamal polycrystalline quartz, often with Roslan Mohamed (1990,1996), sutured boundaries, with no Metcalfe et al. (1982), Kobayashi calcareous materials. (1963a) 11. Subdivision : 5. Type area : Temerloh area, extended to the 12. Fossils : north to -- 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow, near-shore marine Raub area and to the south to Air deposition, probably neritic Hitam, Johor

49 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA 6. Type section : Roadcut between Karak and Kerdau formation by Burton Temerloh which runs almost (1973) and finally named as parallel to the Sungai Semantan Semantan Formation by Jaafar 7. Boundaries : Unconformably overlying the Ahmad (1976). Karak Formation, the top is overlain by the Kaling Formation M9. 8. Correlation : Lateral equivalent to Gunung 1. Name : Gemas formation Rabung, Telong and Gemas 2. Origin of name : After Gemas Town, Negeri Formations. Sembilan 9. Thickness : 3. Age : Middle Triassic to Upper Triassic 10. Lithology : Rapidly alternating carbonaceous 4. References : Foo (1970), Loganathan (1977), shale, siltstone and rhyolitic tuff Khoo (1983) with a few lenses of chert and 5. Type area : Gemas area, extended to Air limestone. Shale and tuff Hitam, Johor 11. Subdivision : Divided into argillaceous, 6. Type section : pyroclastic, limestone and chert 7. Boundaries : Unconformably overlying the facies with no time-stratigraphic Kepis formation, the top is significance overlain ?conformably by the 12. Fossils : ?Kaling Formation bivalve 8. Correlation : Lateral equivalent of Semantan Daonella indica Bittner Formation. Daonella lomelli (Wiesmann) 9. Thickness : Daonella pahangensis Kobayashi 10. Lithology : Rapidly alternating carbonaceous Daonella pichleri Mojsisovics shale, siltstone and rhyolitic tuff Daonella sakawana Mojsisovics with a few lenses of chert and Daonella sp. limestone. Shale and tuff Halobia sp. 11. Subdivision : Mysidioptera sp. 12. Fossils : Palaeoneilo sp. 13. Env. of deposition :Distal turbidite with contempora- Pecten sp. neous volcanic activity. Posidonia sp. 14. Remarks : The Gemas Formation was cephalopod considered by Kamal Roslan Acrochordiceras sp. Mohamed (1990, 1996) as part of Analcites sp. Semantan Formation due to their Arpadites cf. cinensis Mojsisovics very similar characters. Arpadites sp. Discoceratites sp. Nevadites sp. M10. Orestites sp. 1. Name : Kaling Formation (of Raub Paraceratites trinodosus (Mojsisovics) Group) Paratrachyceras regoledanum Mojsisovics 2. Origin of name : After Bukit Kaling in Bentong, Ptychites sp. Pahang Sturia sansovini Mojsisovics 3. Age : Middle Triassic to Upper Triassic 13. Env. of deposition : Distal turbidite with 4. References : Jaafar Ahmad (1976); Alexander contemporaneous volcanic (1956), Alexander (1959), Burton activity (1973a), Jaafar Ahmad (1980), 14. Remarks : These rocks of central Pahang was Khoo (1983) introduced by Scrivenor (1911) as 5. Type area : Eastern foothill of the main range Raub Series which was granite from Kuala Lipis (Pahang) subsequently changed into to Bahau (Negeri Sembilan) Calcareous formation by 6. Type section : Bukit Kaling in Bentong, Pahang Richardson (1939), Calcareous 7. Boundaries : Overlying the Semantan Series by Richardson (1950), Formation with unconformable Raub Group by Alexander (1959), boundary at Bukit Kaling,

50 MESOZOIC conformable with transitional 14. Remarks : This formation was first boundary in other places. The top introduced as the Younger is not known. Arenaceous Series by Alexander 8. Correlation : (1956) and subsequently renamed 9. Thickness : + 600 m as the Lipis Group by Alexander 10. Lithology : Predominantly sandstone and (1959), Jelai Formation by Burton subgreywacke with minor lenses (1973a) and then the Kaling of siltstone, conglomerate, shale Formation by Jaafar Ahmad and rhyolitic tuff (1976). Bahau arenite is 11. Subdivision : considered to be a southern 12. Fossils : extension of the Kaling bivalve Formation. Actinodesma bellammyi Newton Cassianella malayensis Tamura M11. Cassianella sp. 1. Name : Hulu Lepar bed Costatoria chegarperahensis Kobayashi & Tamura 2. Origin of name : After the name of Map Sheet 81 Costatoria malayensis (Newton) 3. Age : ?Upper Triassic, ?Upper Jurassic Costatoria pahangensis Kobayashi & Tamura to ?Lower Cretaceous. Costatoria quinquicostata Kobayashi & Tamura 4. References : Lee (1990) Costatoria cf. myophoria (Boettiger) 5. Type area : Hulu Lepar, Map Sheet 81, the Costatoria sp. extenion into the adjacent map Elegantinia inflata (Emmrich) area is not known. Entolium subdemissum Munster 6. Type section : Entolium sp. 7. Boundaries : Unconformably overlying the ?Lima sp. Permian Seri Jaya bed, the top of Gervillia inflata Schafhaeutel the formation is eroded. Gervillia sp. 8. Correlation : ?Lateral equivalent of the Grammatodon malayensis Cox Tembeling Group Hoernessia chobaensis Patte 9. Thickness : Hoernessia wilbourni Cox 10. Lithology : (see subdivision) Hoernessia cf. bipartita (Merian) 11. Subdivision : Informally subdivided by Lee Langsonella elongata Mansuy (1990) into Berkelah Modiolus sp. conglomerate, Mangking Myophoria sp. Sandstone (?of Tembeling Group) Myophoricardium cf. lineata Wohrmann and Berapit sandstone, the Mytilus aff. minutus Goldfuss categories of which are uncertain. Neoschizodus cf. laevigatus Alberti The Berkelah conglomerate is Neoschizodus cf. ovatus (Goldfuss) overlain by the Mangking Neoschizodus sp. sandstone, and the Berapit Nuculana sp. sandstone is equivalent to the Paleoneilo sp. Mangking sandstone. Two Pinna sp. tuffaceous units the Tekam tuff Plagiostoma sp. and Serentang tuff were also Pleurophorus elongatus Moore reported by Lee (1990), where the Pseudoplacunopsis cf. carinata Healey Berkelah conglomerate is Pteria jaafari Tamura ?overlying the Serentang tuff Pteria pahangensis Newton while the Berapit sandstone is Pteroperna malayensis Newton ?overlying the Tekam tuff. gastropod 12. Fossils : Coelostylina sp. 13. Env. of deposition : Continental environment, largely Euomphalus sp. under fluviatile condition. Naticopsis signata Koken 14. Remarks : 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine

51 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA M11.1. Tekam tuff : Predominantly rhyodacitic to M13. rhyolitic or crystal lithic tuffs with 1. Name : Kerum Formation (?of Tembeling minor dacitic tuff, mostly fine- group) grained to aphanitic, rarely lapilli 2. Origin of name : After Sungai Kerum, a tributary tuff or reworked. The lower of Sungai Tekai sequence is thickly bedded to 3. Age : ?Upper Triassic massive while the upper part is 4. References : Khoo (1977), Khoo (1983) thin to thickly bedded. Total 5. Type area : Sungai Tekai area in Pahang thickness of up to 300 m. 6. Type section : Along Sungai Kerum M11.2. Serentang tuff : Predominantly of thinly bedded 7. Boundaries : Overlain by Lanis conglomerate fine-grained tuff with subordinate 8. Correlation : sandstone, shale, siltstone and 9. Thickness : + 2000 m rarely conglomerate. Total 10. Lithology : Volcanic-sedimentary suite with thickness of approximately 300 m. intermixed varieties M11.3. Berkelah conglomerate : Consist of 100 m of 11. Subdivision : predominant alternating 12. Fossils : conglomerate and pebbly 13. Env. of deposition : ?Shallow marine paralic sandstone, overlain by 200 m environment. sequence of interbedded 14. Remarks : Koopmans (1968) described and sandstone and mudstone. formalized the name Tembeling M11.4. Berapit sandstone : Consists of 10 m basal Formation, based on the type conglomerate followed by 550 m section at Sungai Tekai. This name sandstone with mudstone was Upperr upgraded by Khoo interbeds and 700 m thick (1977) to Tembeling Group which sandstone. included the Kerum formation, Lanis conglomerate, Mangking M12. sandstone and Termus shale, all 1. Name : Koh Formation based on sections along Sungai 2. Origin of name : After Sungai Koh, a tributary of Tekai. Khoo (1975) provisionally Sungai Lebir in Kelantan introduced the four subdivision of 3. Age : Upper Triassic to ?Jurassic Tembeling Group as Kerum 4. References : Aw (1990), Khoo (1983) Formation, Lanis Conglomerate, 5. Type area : Sungai Koh drainage basin, Tekai or Mangking Quartzite and extended to Gunung Tahan area. the Tekai Redbed. The Kerum 6. Type section : From tributary of Sungai Koh Formation was Upperr excluded (MR QZ881321) to Sg. Koh (MR by Harbury et al. (1990) from the QZ901329); map Sheet 46 Tembeling Group. 7. Boundaries : Unconformably overlying the Telong Formation, the top of the M14. formation is eroded 1. Name : Lanis Conglomerate (of 8. Correlation : ?Lateral equivalent of the Tembeling group) Tembeling Group 2. Origin of name : After Gunung Lanis ridge in Tekai 9. Thickness : 700 m, may be more than1000 m valley 10. Lithology : Rudaceous-arenaceous sequence 3. Age : ?Upper Jurassic to ?Lower interbedded with mudstone; Cretaceous argillaceous limestone at the base 4. References : Khoo (1975, 1977), Khoo (1983) 11. Subdivision : 5. Type area : Sungai Tekai area in Pahang, 12. Fossils : 6. Type section : Along Gunung Lanis ridge 13. Env. of deposition : Continental deposit 7. Boundaries : Overlying the Kerum formation 14. Remarks : (probably conformably) and conformably overlain by the Mangking sandstone

52 MESOZOIC 8. Correlation : ?Pelourdea cf. megaphylla (Phillip) 9. Thickness : 1300 m Ptilophyllum ayobanum Smiley 10. Lithology : Sequence of polymict Zamites cf. buchianus (Ettinghaussen) conglomerate / conglomeratic ?Zamites microphylla Smiley sandstone / shale / siltstone with 13. Env. of deposition : Continental (fluvial) deposit significance volcanic clast in 14. Remarks : some part 11. Subdivision : M16. 12. Fossils : 1. Name : Termus Shale (of Tembeling gastropod group) Viviparus sp. 2. Origin of name : After Sungai Termus, a tributary plant of Sungai Tekai in Pahang Gleichenoides gagauensis Kon’no 3. Age : ?Upper Jurassic to Cretaceous 13. Env. of deposition : Continental deposit 4. References : Khoo (1975, 1977) 14. Remarks : 5. Type area : Sungai Tekai area in Pahang 6. Type section : Along Sungai Termus M15. 7. Boundaries : Conformably overlying the 1. Name : Mangking Sandstone (of Mangking Sandstone Tembeling group) 8. Correlation : 2. Origin of name : After Sungai Mangking, a 9. Thickness : Up to 1500 m tributary of Sungai Tekai 10. Lithology : predominantly of reddish shale/ 3. Age : ?Jurassic mudstone/siltstoneinterbedded 4. References : Khoo (1975, 1977), Mohd Shafeea with sandstone Leman et al. (1987), Lee (1990) 11. Subdivision : 5. Type area : Sungai Tekai area in Pahang, 12. Fossils : extended to the Gunung tahan area Classopollis sp. in the north and Maran area in the Clavatipollenites sp. east. Cycadopites sp. 6. Type section : Along Sungai Mangking. Ephedripites sp. 7. Boundaries : Conformable with both the Exesipollenites sp. underlying Lanis conglomerate palynomorph and the overlying Termus Shale Cicatricosisporites sp. 8. Correlation : 13. Env. of deposition : Continental deposit 9. Thickness : + 2000 m 14. Remarks : First named as Tekai Redbed by 10. Lithology : Cross bedded and cross laminated Khoo(1975), but Khoo (1975) quatzose sandstone interbedded renamed it as Termus Shale. with grey and reddish argillaceous rock. M17. 11. Subdivision : 1. Name : Murau Conglomerate (?of 12. Fossils : Tembeling group) plant 2. Origin of name : After Tanjung Murau in , ?Carpolithes maranensis Smiley Johor Conites spinulosus Kon’no 3. Age : ?Upper Triassic Equisetites sp. 4. References : Koopmans (1968), Burton (1973) Frenelopsis malaiana Kon’no 5. Type area : Coastlines and islands south- Gleichenoides ?serratus Kon’no southeast of Mersing from Pulau Gleichenoides cf. stenopinnula Kon’no Batu Chawang to Tanjung Gleichenoides gagauensis Kon’no Gleichenoides maranensis Smiley 6. Type section : Tanjung Murau headland MR Gleichenoides pantiensis Kon’no 250793, Map Sheet 119, New ?Nageiopsis cf. longifolia Fontaine series. Otozamites gagauensis Kon’no 7. Boundaries : Uncomformably overlying Upper Otozamites malayana Smiley Paleozoic Mersing Group

53 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA 8. Correlation : ?Basal part of Tembeling Group 4. References : Rishworth (1974), Khoo (1983) 9. Thickness : +200 m 5. Type area : Gunung Gagau 10. Lithology : Thickly bedded to massive 6. Type section : Along headwater stretch of conglomerate with alternating Sungai Lotong commencing from layers of more or less matrix or a large junction at MR WF749917 layers of clast of varying size. runs northwest to a the junction Shales and sandy shales occur at MR WF744927 then upstream locally as thin interbeds. to the peak, 350 yards south of Conglomerate with scour and fill Gunung Badong (MR WF structures. 742946) (Old Series topographical 11. Subdivision : sheet 2O/3 and 2O/7). 12. Fossils : 7. Boundaries : Overlying the Badong 13. Env. of deposition : Fluvial deposit Conglomerate (conformably) and 14. Remarks : Koopmans (1968) considered the the Upper Paleozoic rocks Murau conglomerate as tha basal (unconformably) part of the Tembeling formation. 8. Correlation : 9. Thickness : M18. 10. Lithology : Sandstone (orthoquartzite, protoquartzite and subarcose) with 1. Name : Badong Conglomerate (of Gagau subordinate volcanics and rare group) thin lenses of coal 2. Origin of name : After Sungai Badong, a tributary 11. Subdivision : of Sungai Lebir in southeast 12. Fossils : Kelantan bivalve 3. Age : ?Jurassic Trigonoides konairai Kobayashi & Suzuki 4. References : Rishworth (1974), Khoo (1983) Trigonoides konairai paucisulcatus Suzuki 5. Type area : Gunung Gagau plant 6. Type section : Along headwater stretch of the Carpolithes sp. east branch of Sungai Badong Conites spinulosus Kon’no from MR WF712921 to the east- Equisetites burchardi (Dunker) northeast as far as MR WF722927 Frenelopsis malaiana Kon’no then to the east-southeast as far as Gleichenoides gagauensis (Kon’no) MR WF 733922 (Old Series Gleichenoides serratus (Kon’no) topographical sheet 2O/3 and 2O/ Gleichenoides stenopinnula (Kon’no) 7). ?Nageiopsis cf. longifolia Fontaine 7. Boundaries : ?Unconformably overlying Upper ?Pelourdea cf. megaphylla (Phillip) Paleozoic rocks and conformably Sphenolepidium cf. kurrianum (Dunker) overlain by the Lotong Sandstone Zamites cf. buchianus (Ettinghaussen) 8. Correlation : 13. Env. of deposition : Continental deposit 9. Thickness : 400 to 500 m 14. Remarks : 10. Lithology : Reddish polymodal conglomerate with subordinate sandstone, some siltstone and shale M20. 11. Subdivision : 1. Name : Tebak Formation (Panti 12. Fossils : sandstone) 13. Env. of deposition : Continental deposit 2. Origin of name : After Sungai Tebak in south Johor 14. Remarks : 3. Age : Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous M19. 4. References : Rajah (1968), Khoo (1983) 5. Type area : Gunung Blumut area in south 1. Name : Lotong Sandstone (of Gagau Johor group) 6. Type section : Sungai Tebak 2. Origin of name : After Sungai Lotong 7. Boundaries : Unconformably overlying the 3. Age : Upper Jurassic to Lower Sedili volcanic Cretaceous

54 MESOZOIC 8. Correlation : M22 9. Thickness : 1. Name : Paloh Formation 10. Lithology : Predominantly of arenaceous 2. Origin of name : After Bukit Paloh in Johor rocks with with minor siltstone 3. Age : ?Jurassic to Cretaceous and mudstone 4. References : Mat Isa Jamaludin (1981), Zakaria 11. Subdivision : Hussain (1986) 12. Fossils : 5. Type area : Area in between and plants Keluang in Johor Carpolithes sp. 6. Type section : Bukit Paloh, near Paloh town in Conites spinulosus Kon’no Johor Frenelopsis malaiana Kon’no 7. Boundaries : Unconformably overlying the Gleichenoides gagauensis Kon’no Semantan Formation in the west Gleichenoides pantiensis Kon’no and granite in the east. Otozamites gagauensis Kon’no 8. Correlation : Partly equivalent of the Ma’Okil Otozamites malayana Smiley Formation. Podozamites pahangensis Asama 9. Thickness : Ptilophyllum ayobanum Smiley 10. Lithology : Interbedded sandstone, shale and Zamites cf. buchianus (Ettinghaussen) mudstone. 13. Env. of deposition : Continental deposit 11. Subdivision : 14. Remarks : 12. Fossils : palynomorph M21. Apiculatisporites ferox 1. Name : Ulu Endau Bed Araucariacites australis 2. Origin of name : After Ulu Endau area in south Biretisporites spectabilis Pahang. Biretisporites sp. 3. Age : Upper Jurassic to Lower Calamospora sp. Cretaceous Ceratosporites equalis 4. References : Jones et al. (1966), Cook & Cicatricosisporites australiensis Suntharalingam (1970), Khoo Cyathidites australis (1983) Cybelosporites striatus 5. Type area : Ulu Endau area in south Pahang Cybelosporites stylosus 6. Type section : Ginkgocycadophytus nitidus 7. Boundaries : Overlying the Mersing group and Leptolepidites major jasin volcanics with angular Matonisporites equiexinus unconformity Triletes cf. tuberculiformis 8. Correlation : ?Vernucatosporites sp. 9. Thickness : + 300 m at Bukit Peta 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine to continental 10. Lithology : Horizontal, massively bedded 14. Remarks : First introduced as Paloh bed by sequence of predominantly Mat Isa Jamaludin (1981) and then arenaceous rocks with upgraded to Paloh Formation by argillaceous rocks and coal seam Zakaria Hussain (1986). interbeds 11. Subdivision : M23. 12. Fossils : 1. Name : Bertangga Sandstone plants 2. Origin of name : After Bukit Bertangga in Pahang Gleichenites sp. 3. Age : ?Jurassic to ?Cretaceous Otozamites sp. 4. References : Cook & Suntharalingam (1971), Equisetites sp. Khoo (1983) 13. Env. of deposition : Continental deposit 5. Type area : Bera area in Pahang 14. Remarks : 6. Type section : Bukit Bertangga 7. Boundaries : Unconformably overlying the Upper Paleozoic rock

55 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA 8. Correlation : M26. 9. Thickness : 1. Name : Saiong Bed 10. Lithology : Predominantly arenaceous 2. Origin of name : Named after Bukit Saiong, near sequence with interbedded Thai - Kedah border argillaceous rocks 3. Age : ?Jurassic to ?Cretaceous 11. Subdivision : 4. References : Ong (1968), Khoo (1983) 12. Fossils : 5. Type area : Bukit Saiong area 13. Env. of deposition : Continental deposit 6. Type section : Bukit Saiong 14. Remarks : 7. Boundaries : Unconformably overlying the Semanggol Formation M24. 8. Correlation : Equivalent to Tembeling Group 1. Name : Gerek Sandstone 9. Thickness : Up to 1200 m 2. Origin of name : After Bukit Gerek in Rompin area, 10. Lithology : Red polymict conglomerate Pahang interbedded with red sandstone, 3. Age : ?Jurassic to ?Cretaceous shale and mudstone 4. References : Cook & Suntharalingam (1971), 11. Subdivision : Khoo (1983) 12. Fossils : 5. Type area : Ulu Rompin, Pahang 13. Env. of deposition : Continental deposit 6. Type section : Bukit Gerek 14. Remarks : 7. Boundaries : 8. Correlation : Equivalent to Gagau and M27. Tembeling Groups. 1. Name : Lesong sandstone 9. Thickness : 2. Origin of name : After Gunung Lesong in south 10. Lithology : Arenaceous rocks Pahang 11. Subdivision : 3. Age : ?Jurassic to ?Cretaceous 12. Fossils : 4. References : Foo (1970), Khoo (1983) 13. Env. of deposition : Continental deposit. 5. Type area : Lesong forrest reserve in south 14. Remarks : Previously referred to as Panti Pahang to Bukit Seligi in north type sandstone. Johor 6. Type section : M25. 7. Boundaries : Unconformably overlying the 1. Name : Ma’Okil Formation Sawak metasediments and 2. Origin of name : After Ma’Okil Forrest Reserve in Gayong volcanics. northwest Johor 8. Correlation : 3. Age : ?Jurassic to ?Cretaceous 9. Thickness : + 450 m at escarpment on Sungai 4. References : Loganathan (1978), Khoo (1983) Tanglang 5. Type area : Ma’Okil Forrest Reserve and 10. Lithology : Gently dipping sequence of surrounding area predominantly sandstone with 6. Type section : Ma”Okil Forrest Reserve cross-bedding and abundant plant 7. Boundaries : Unconformably overlying the remains. Semantan Formation 11. Subdivision : 8. Correlation : Equivalent to Gagau and 12. Fossils : Tembeling Groups - partly Lateral 13. Env. of deposition : Continental deposit equivalent of the Paloh formation 14. Remarks : 9. Thickness : + 6700 m 10. Lithology : Predominantly argillaceous with M28. arenaceous, rudaceous and 1. Name : Nenering Bed volcanic rocks 2. Origin of name : After Felda Nenering, north Perak 11. Subdivision : Subdivided into argillaceous, 3. Age : ?Upper Cretaceous arenaceous and volcanic units 4. References : Teh & Sia (1991), Ibrahim 12. Fossils : Abdullah et al. (1991), Uyop Said 13. Env. of deposition : Continental deposit & Che Aziz Ali (1996) 14. Remarks :

56 MESOZOIC 5. Type area : East of Pengkalan Hulu (Kroh) 10. Lithology : Shale, sandstone, arkose, extended to Thailand. conglomerate, tuff and tuffaceous 6. Type section : Kampung Air panas - Kampung sandstone with thin beds of coal, Lalang highway (3.5 to 7 km east- chert and limestone southeast of Kampung Air panas), 11. Subdivision : Subdivided into arenaceous and Pengkalan Hulu, Perak argillaceous facies and Serian 7. Boundaries : Overlying the baling Group (Kroh Arkose member formation) unconformably 12. Fossils : 8. Correlation : bivalve 9. Thickness : Asoella aff. confertoradiata (Tokuyama) 10. Lithology : Mudstone, sandstone and Entolium sp. conglomerate with sand- Entomonotis sp. conglomerate filled channel. Gryphaea aff. keilhari Bohm 11. Subdivision : Halobia ?talauana Wanner 12. Fossils : Halobia cf. molukkana Wanner palynomorph Monotis salinaria Bronn Coronatispora telata (Balme) Dettmann Monotis subcircularis Gabb Inaperturopollenites limbatus Balme “Nucula” sp. Inaperturopollenites sp. Oxytoma sp. Psilodiporites sp. ?Pleuromya sp. Psiloschizosporis pseudomonoleta Trivedi, Ambawni ?Tosapecten sp. & Kar Unionites sp. Spheripollenites scabratus Couper cephalopod spores Sturia aff. sansovinii (Mojsisovics) Atrophonites sp. foraminifera Monopporisporites sp. Ammodiscus sp. 13. Env. of deposition : Continental deposit Glomospira sp. 14. Remarks : First introduced by Teh & Sia Trochammina sp. (1991) as Nenering Tertiary radiolaria deposit, but Upperr Uyop said & Cenosphaera sp. Che Aziz Ali (1996) quoted the Dictyomitra sp. deposit as Nenering bed and dated 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine them as ?Upper Cretaceous 14. Remarks : Moderately folded

2.2. SARAWAK M30. 1. Name : Serian Volcanic Formation M29. 2. Origin of name : After Serian town in West 1. Name : Sadong Formation Sarawak 2. Origin of name : After Batang Sadong in West 3. Age : Upper Triassic Sarawak 4. References : Pimm (1965), Wilford (1965) 3. Age : Upper Triassic 5. Type area : Serian area and northeast of 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960), Pimm Krokong (1965), Wilford (1965) 6. Type section : Gunung Semuja in Serian area 5. Type area : Upper Sadong valley 7. Boundaries : Conformably overlying the 6. Type section : Batang Sadong; From Serian to Sadong Formation, Muara Mongkos unconformably overlain by the 7. Boundaries : Rest unconformably on Terbat Bau Limestone Formation and the Formation and Kerait Schist , Silantek Formation. overlain conformably by the 8. Correlation : Lower part is interbedded with the Serian Volcanic formation upper part of Sadong Formation 8. Correlation : The upper part is interbedded with 9. Thickness : +3000 m the Serian Volcanic formation. 10. Lithology : Thick sequence of lava, breccia 9. Thickness : and tuff with acidic volcanic rocks

57 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA towards the top conformably by Kedadom 11. Subdivision : The Semabang trachyte member Formation and Sadong Formation is recognised on the top part of the 8. Correlation : Interfingering with Serabang formation. Formation and lower part of 12. Fossils : Kedadom Formation, Bau 13. Env. of deposition : Marine or estuarine environment; Limestone and Sadong Formation tuff and breccias are in places 9. Thickness : interbedded with silicified peat. 10. Lithology : Mainly chert with subordinate 14. Remarks : phyllite, phyllitic shale, sUpper, greywacke and tuffite M31. 11. Subdivision : 12. Fossils : 1. Name : Kedadom Formation radiolaria 2. Origin of name : After Kedadom village in Meyenella sp Penrissen, West Sarawak. 13. Env. of deposition : 3. Age : Lower Jurassic to Cretaceous 14. Remarks : 4. References : Wilford (1965), Basir Jasin et al. (1996) 5. Type area : Penrissen area in West sarawak. M33. 6. Type section : Binong Pass, 3 km west of 1. Name : Pedawan Formation Piching. 2. Origin of name : After Pedawan village in 7. Boundaries : Unconformably overlying the Penrissen, West Sarawak. Sadong and Serian volcanic 3. Age : Jurassic to Cretaceous Formations, overlain by the Bau 4. References : Wilford (1965), Wolfenden Limestone Formation. (1965), Pimm (1967). 8. Correlation : The upper pert is also 5. Type area : Penrissen and Bau area in West interfinguring with the lower part Sarawak. of the Bau Limestone Formation. 6. Type section : Pedawan road between Tiang 9. Thickness : 780 m Bekap and Pedawan, and at 10. Lithology : Massive sandstone and Semadang Valley. conglomerate with thin beds of 7. Boundaries : shale, limestone and tuff 8. Correlation : In places interbedded with the Bau 11. Subdivision : Limestone Formation (its Lateral 12. Fossils : equivalent). bivalve 9. Thickness : Neoburmesia iwakiensis Yabe & Sato 10. Lithology : Thick sequence of shale, cephalopod mudstone and sandstone with beds Lithacoceras or Subplanites sp. of conglomerate, chert and 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine. limestone and acidic to 14. Remarks : intermediatelava and tuff 11. Subdivision : Divided by Wilford (1965) into M32. argillite, arenite, dolomitic limestone and tuffaceous facies. 1. Name : Sejingkat Formation 12. Fossils : 2. Origin of name : After Gunung Sejingkat in West cephalopod Sarawak Neocomites neocomiensis d’Orbigny 3. Age : Jurassic to Cretaceous foraminifera 4. References : Liechti et al (1960), Tan (1982) Globotruncana cf. coronata Bolli 5. Type area : and west of Lundu area Globotruncana cf. lapparenti Bolli 6. Type section : Gunung Sejingkat ; along the Globotruncana concavata (Brotzen) coast line between Teluk Globotruncana tricarinata (Quereau) Gadong and Tanjung Sungai Orbitolina birmanica Sahni Limo; Melano valley Orbitolina discoidea Gras 7. Boundaries : Unconformably overlying Sadong Orbitolina kurdica (Henson) Formation and overlain

58 MESOZOIC Orbitolina lenticularis (Blumenbach) Psilatricolporites acuticostatus Muller radiolaria Psilatricolporites prolatus Pierce Archaeocenosphaera sp. Psilodiporites wolfendeni Muller Bagotum sp. Retitricolpites peroblatus Muller Canoptum anulatum Pessagno & Poisson Retitricolpites sarawakensis Muller Canoptum rugosum Pessagno & Poisson Retitricolpites vulgaris Muller Canoptum sp. Retitricolporites crucipori Muller Canutus indomitus Pessagno & Whalen Retitricolporites semistriatus Muller Canutus izeensis Pessagno & Whalen Retitriporites aspidopori Muller Canutus sp. Retitriporites variabilis Muller Doltus sp. Rugubivesiculites reductus Pierce Katroma sp. Rugulitriporites vestibulipori Muller Pantanellium sanrafaelense Pessagno & Blome Sapotaceoidaepollenites robustus Muller Parahsuum simplum Yao Spinizonocolpites baculatus Muller Parahsuum takarazawaensis Shashida Spinizonocolpites echinatus MullerProxapertites Perispyridium sp. operculatus van der Hammen Praeconocaryomma decora Yeh Striatricolporites conspicuus Muller Praeconocaryomma media Pessagno & Poisson Striatricolporites minor Muller Praeconocaryomma sp. Triorites festatus (Takakashi) pollen Triorites minutipori Muller Acanthotriletes levidensis Balme Triorites tenuiexinus Muller Alisporites similis (Balme) Verrutriporites lunduensis Muller Anacolosidites sp. Zonalapollenites sp. Apiculatisporis ferox Muller 13. Env. of deposition : Steadily subsiding shallow marine Appendicisporites tricornitatus (Weyland & Greifeld) basin. Aquilapollenites wilfordi Muller 14. Remarks : This formation was included in the Araucariacites australi Cookson Bau Series (Wilford, 1951) and Caytonipollenites pallidus (Reissinger) Bau Formation (Liechti et al., Cicatricosisporites cf. dorogensis (Potonie & Gelletich) 1960). The Pedawan Formation Classopollis cf. classoides Pflug was introduced by Wilford (1965). Dactylopollis magnificus Muller Dicolpopollis elegans Muller M34. Dicolpopollis malesianus Muller 1. Name : Serabang Formation Discoidites borneensis Muller 2. Origin of name : After Serabang village in West Distaverrusporites margaritatus Muller Sarawak Distaverrusporites simplex Muller 3. Age : Upper Jurassic to Lower Echistephanoporites obscurus Muller Cretaceous Echitriporites irregularis Muller 4. References : Wilford (1955), Basir Jasin & Echitriporites trianguliformis van Hoeken-Klinkenberg Aziman Madun (1996) Ephedripites jansonii (Pocock) 5. Type area : and Lundu area in Ephedripites multicostatus Brenner Sarawak Ephedripites ovalis Muller 6. Type section : Along the coastline between Ephedripites sp. Tanjung Antu Laut and Kuala Exesipollenites tumulus Balme Samunsan Gemmatricolpites pergemmatus Muller 7. Boundaries : Unconformably overlain by Ginkgocycadophytus nitidus (Balme) Kayan sandstone Inaperturopollenites scabratus Muller 8. Correlation : Lateral equivalent of Sejingkat Matonisporites equiexinus Couper Formation. Myrtaceidites sp. 9. Thickness : + 3000 m Pediastrum paleogeneites Wilson & Hoffmeister 10. Lithology : Predominantly argillaceous rocks Pinuspollenites cf. spherisaccus Brenner with susidiary arenaceous rocks, Polypodiaceoisporites retirugatus Muller chert, conglomerate and minor Proxapertites cursus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg tuffite and lava (basic) with some Psilatricolpites kayanensis Muller

59 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA calc-silicate hornfels and marble Lithocodium aggregatum (Elliot) 11. Subdivision : Lithocodium japonicum Endo 12. Fossils : Lithocodium morikawi Endo radiolaria Nipponophycus ramosus Yabe & Toyama Archaeodictyomitra lacrimula (Foreman) Permocalculus inopinatus Elliot Archaeodictyomitra vulgaris Pessagno Petrascula sp. Archaeodictyomitra sp. Pseudoepimastopora jurassica Endo Hemicryptocaspa cf. Prepolyhedra Dumitrica Salpingoporella annulata Carozzi Hemicryptocaspa sp. Triploporella cf. ramesi Steinmann Parvicingula sp. bivalve Pseudodictyomitra puga (Schaaf) Heterodiceras aff. luci (Defrance) Thanarla conica (Aliev) coral Thanarla pulcra (Squinabol) Actinaraea sp. Xitus sp. Adelocoenia bacciformis (Michelin) 13. Env. of deposition : Amphiastraea gracilis Koby 14. Remarks : The Serabang Formation was Astraraea huzimotoi (Eguchi) originally described by Wilford Burgundia semiclathrata (Hayasaka) (1955), Liechti et al. (1960) Calamophyllia cf. flabellum Blainville included it into Sejingkat Cladocoropsis mirabilis Felix Formation. Basir Jasin & Aziman Cladophyllia ramea Koby Madun (1996) considered that part Coralostraea sp. of the formation is a melange and Cuneiphyllia somaensis (Eguchi) renamed the formation as Donacosmilia cara (Eliasova) Serabang Complex. Ellipsactinia cf. ellipsoidea Steinmann Epistreptophyllum cylindratum Milaschewitch M35. Latiphyllia cartieri (Koby) Latomeandra ramosa (Koby) 1. Name : Bau Limestone Litharaeopsis fontainei Beauvais 2. Origin of name : After Bau town in West Sarawak Microphyllia cf. undans (Etallon) 3. Age : Upper Jurassic to Lower Microsolena sp. Cretaceous Milleporidium cf. styliferum Yabe & Sugiyama 4. References : Wilford (1951), Liechti et al. Milleporidium fasciculatum Yabe & Sugiyama (1960), Wolfenden (1965), Pimm Milleporidium steinmanni Yabe & Sugiyama (1967) Parastromopora japonica (Yabe) 5. Type area : Bau and Krokong area ?Plesiophyllia cf. recta Koby 6. Type section : Western gorges of Gunung Totang Stylosmillia sp. and in Penrissen area. Thamnoseris frotei Etallon 7. Boundaries : Unconformably overlying the foraminifera Serian Volcanic Formation. Ammomarginulina sp. 8. Correlation : In places interbedded with the Haplophragmoides sp. Pedawan Formation. Nautiloculina oolithica Mohler 9. Thickness : + 850 m ?Protopeneroplis sp. 10. Lithology : Massive dark grey bioclastic Pseudocyclammina cf. cylindrica Redmond limestone with subordinate Pseudocyclammina lituus (Yokoyama) argillaceous limestone; with Trinosuella peneropliformis Yabe & Hanzawa calcareous sandstone and Trocholina sp. conglomerate near the base 13. Env. of deposition : Slowly subsiding shallow marine 11. Subdivision : environment. 12. Fossils : 14. Remarks : This formation was first algae introduced as the Bau Series by Clypeina arabeca Elliot Wilford (1951) and then Clypeina hanabatanensis Yabe & Toyama formalized by Liechti et al. (1960) Clypeina martelli Emberger as Bau Formation. Pimm (1965) Clypeina sp. changed the name into Bau

60 MESOZOIC Limestone Formation and 12. Fossils : subsequently Tan (1979) corrected algae the nomenclature as Bau Arabicodium sp. Limestone. Baccinella sp. Cayeuxia cf. jurassica var. lanquinei Pfender M36. Cayeuxia cf. kurdistanensis Elliot Cayeuxia piai Frollo 1. Name : Sebangan Hornstone Cayeuxia sp. 2. Origin of name : After Sebangan town in West Clyperina sp. Sarawak Cylindroporella sp. 3. Age : Cretaceous Girvanella sp. 4. References : Liechti et al (1960), Fitch (1960) Lithocodium aggregatum Elliot 5. Type area : Lithophyllum torinosuensis Endo 6. Type section : Southeast of Sebangan town and Maeinella lugeoni Pfender hills in lower Sadong and ?Microcalamoides sp. valley Munieria sp. 7. Boundaries : Neomeris sp. 8. Correlation : Lateral equivalent of the sejingkat Nipponophycus ramosus Yabe & Toyama and Serabang Formations. Parachaetetes sp. 9. Thickness : Pseudoepimostopora jurasica Endo 10. Lithology : Chert-like hornstone some of Pycnoporidium lobatum Yabe & Toyama which are silicified volcanic Pycnoporidium cf. sinuosum Johns & Kan rocks, and amphibolite Pycnoporidium sp. 11. Subdivision : Solenopora sp. 12. Fossils : Stenoporidium cf. chaetetiformis Yabe & Toyama 13. Env. of deposition : Stenoporidium sp. 14. Remarks : Thaumatoporella parvovesiculifera (Rainei) Triporella sp. 2.3. SABAH bivalve echinoid M37. foraminifera 1. Name : Madai-Baturong Formation Coskinolina sp. 2. Origin of name : After Bukit Madai and Bukit Cuneolina sp. Baturong in Darvel Bay area, east Dictyoconus sp. Sabah. Dicyclina sp. 3. Age : Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Hedbergella sp. 4. References : Fitch (1955), Kirk (1962), Leong Heterohelix cf. costulata (Cushman) (1974) Orbitolina lenticularis (Blumenbach) sensu Hofker 5. Type area : Limestone hills south of Tingkayu Orbitolina sp. valley in Darvel Bay area. Quinquiloculina sp. 6. Type section : Bukit Madai in Darvel Bay area, Textularia sp. east Sabah. gastropod 7. Boundaries : Lower boundary is Acteonella borneensis Nutall & Leong unconformably overlying the Plesioptypmatis sp. crystalline basement, upper Nerineidae boundary is unconformably scaphopod overlain by the Sabah Complex. Hensonella cf. cylindrica Elliot 8. Correlation : sponge 9. Thickness : +900 m Thalamida sp. 10. Lithology : Predominantly massive algal undifferentiated limestone with some pisolitic and Acicularia sp. oolitic layers. Favreina ochtoochetarisu Palik 11. Subdivision : Favreina sp. ?Marsonella sp.

61 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine Yabeina - Lepidolina zones in Peninsular Malaysia and 14. Remarks : Fitch (1955) included these Dzulfian and Dorashamian in Peninsular Malaysia : limestones at Bukit Madai and The transition to Triassic. Geol. Surv. Malaysia Geol. Bukit Baturong into the Eocene Papers 4, 175 pp. Kulapis Formation. Kirk (1962) FONTAINE, H., NGUYEN DUC TIEN, VACHARD, D. & VOZENIN- assigned this limestone as Madai- SERRA, C., 1986. The Permian of Southeast Asia. CCOP Baturong Limestone member Technical Bull., 18, 167 pp. (Creatceous) of the Chert-Spillite FOO, K. Y., 1970. Reconnaisance geological survey of south- Formation. Leong (1974) east Pahang Area A. Geol. Surv. Malaysia Ann. Rep. upgraded these limestone to the 1970, p. 85-89. formation status, termed the HADA, S., 1966. Discovery of Early Triassic ammonoids Madai-Baturong Formation. from Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaya. Journal of Geo- science Osaka City University, 9, p. 111-113. REFERENCES HAILE, N. S., 1954. The geology and mineral resources of ALEXANDER, J. B., 1956. Lexique Stratigraphique Interna- the Strap and sadong valleys, West sarawak, includ- tional, vol. 3 Asie, fascicules 6b & 7c, Malaya 1954. ing the Klingkang Range coal. Geol. Surv. Dept., Brit- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris. ish Territories in Borneo Mem., 150 pp. ALEXANDER, J. B., 1959. Pre Tertiary stratigraphic succes- HARBURY, N. A., JONES, M. E., AUDLEY-CHARLES, M. G., sion in Malaya. Nature, 183, p. 203-232. METCALFE, I. & Kamal Roslan Mohamed, 1990. Struc- AW, P. C., 1980. Geology and mineral resources of the tural evolution of Mesozoic Peninsular Malaysia. Jour- Sungai Aring area, Kelantan Darul Naim. Geol. Surv. nal of the Geol. Soc. London, 147, p. 11-26. Malaysia Dist. Mem., 21, 116 pp. IBRAHIM A BDULLAH, JUHARI MAT A KHIR, ABD RASID JAAPAR & BASIR JASIN, 1996. Discovery of Early Permian radiolaria NOR AZIAN HAMZAH, 1991. The Tertiary basin in Felda from the Semanggol Formation, northwest Peninsular Nenering, Pengkalan Hulu (Keroh), Perak. Warta Malaysia. Warta Geologi, 22(4), p. 283-287. Geologi, 17(4), p. 181-186. BASIR JASIN & AZIMAN MADUn, 1996. Some Lower Creta- IGO, H., KOIKE, T. & YIN, E. H., 1965. Triassic conodont ceous radiolaria from the Serabang Complex, Sarawak. from Kelantan, Malaya. Mem. of Mejiro Gakuen Warta Geologi, 22(2), p. 61-65. Women’s Junior College, 2, p. 5-20. BASIR JASIN, UYOP SAID & ANG, D. W., 1996. Discovery of JAAFAR AHMAD, 1976. Geology and mineral resources of Early Jurassic radiolaria from the tuff sequence, near the Karak and Temerloh areas, Pahang. Geol. Surv. Piching, West Sarawak. Warta Geologi, 22(5), p. 339- Malaysia Dist. Mem., 15, 138 pp. 341. JAAFAR AHMAD, 1980. Geology and mineral resources of BURTON, C. K., 1972. The geology and mineral resources the Sungai Teris area, Pahang. Geol. Surv. Malaysia of Baling area, Kedah and Perak. Geol. Surv. Malay- Dist. Mem., 18, 148 pp. sia Mem., 12, 150 pp. JONES, C. R., GOBBETT, D. J. & KOBAYASHI, T., 1966. Sum- BURTON, C. K., 1973a. Mesozoic In: Gobbett, D. J. & mary of fossil record in Malaya and Singapore 1900- Hutchison, C. S. (eds.) Geology of the Malay Penin- 1965. Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, sula. Wiley Interscience. p. 97-141. 2, p. 301-359. BURTON, C. K., 1973b. Geology and mineral resources of KAMAL ROSLAN MOHAMED, 1990. Sistem Trias di Jalur Johore Bahru - area, South Johore. Geol. Surv. Tengah. Sains Malaysiana, 19(1), p. 11-22. Malaysia Map Bull., 2, 150 pp. KAMAL ROSLAN MOHAMED, 1996. Taburan Formasi Semantan DECOO, J. C. M. & SMIT, O. T., 1975. The Triassic Kodiang Semenanjung Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana, 25(1), p. Limestone Formation in Kedah, West Malaysia. Geol. 91-114. en Mijnbouw, 54(3-4), p. 169-176. KAMAL ROSLAN MOHAMED, BASIR JASIN & CHE A ZIZ A LI, 1993. COOK, R. H. & SUNTHARALINGAM, T., 1970. The geology Sekitaran pengendapan batu kapur Trias di baratlaut and mineral resources of Pahang Tenggara (Sector “E” Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana, 22(1), p. 57-80. & “F”), Geol. Surv. Malaysia Ann. Rep. 1970, p. 104- KHOO, H. P., 1975. Stratigraphy of the Sungai Tekai area, 116. Jerantut, north Pahang. Geol. Surv. Malaysia Ann. Rep. FITCH, F. H., 1955. The geology and mineral resources of 1975, p. 118-119. part of the Segama Valley and Darvel Bay area, Colony KHOO, H. P., 1977. Geology of the Sungai Tekai area. Geol. of North Borneo. Geol. Surv. Dept., British Territo- Surv. Malaysia Ann. Rep. 1977, p. 93-103. ries in Borneo Mem., 4, 142 pp. KHOO, H. P., 1983. Mesozoic stratigraphy in Peninsular FONTAINE, H., IBRAHIM AMNAN, KHOO, H. P., NGUYEN, D. T. Malaysia. Proceedings of the Workshop on Strati- & VACHARD, D., 1994. The Neoschwagerina and graphic Correlation of Thailand and Malaysia, p. 370-

62 MESOZOIC

383. METCALFE, I., 1992. Lower Triassic (Smithian) conodonts KHOO, T. T. & TAN, B. K., 1983. Geological evolution of from northwest Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. Jour- Peninsular Malaysia. Proceedings of the Workshop on nal of Micropalaeontology. 11(1), p. 13-19. Stratigraphic Correlation of Thailand and Malaysia, METCALFE, I., SIVAM, P. & STAUFFER, P. H., 1982. Stratigra- p. 253-290. phy and sedimentology of Middle Triassic rocks near KIRK, H. J. C., 1962. The geology and mineral resources of , Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Soc. the Semporna Peninsula, North Borneo. British Borneo Malaysia Bull., 15, p. 19-30. Geol. Surv. Mem., 14, 178 pp. MOHD SHAFEEA LEMAN, 1993. Upper Permian brachiopods KOBAYASHI, T., 1963a. On the Triassic Daonella beds in from northwest Pahang. Proceedings of the Interna- central Pahang, Malaya. Japanese J. Geol. & Geogr., tional Symposium on biostratigraphy of mainland 34, p. 101-112. Southeast Asia : facies and Paleontology, Chieng Mai, KOBAYASHI, T., 1963b. Halobia and other fossils from Thailand, 1, p. 203-218. Kedah, northwest Malaya. Japanese J. Geol. & Geogr., MOHD SHAFEEA LEMAN, IBRAHIM KOMOO & TJIA, H. D., 1987. 34, p. 113-128. Geologi kawasan kemuncak Gunung Tahan, Pahang : KOBAYASHI, T. & TAMURA, M., 1968a. Myophoria (s.l.) in beberapa cerapan. Sains Malaysiana, 16(1), p. 49-64. Malaya with a note on the Triassic Trigoniacea. Geol- ONG, S. S., 1968. Geology of the Muda dam area, Kedah, ogy and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, 5, p. 83- West Malaysia. Unpublished BSc thesis, University 134. of Malaya. KOBAYASHI, T. & TAMURA, M., 1968b. Upper Triassic pele- PIMM, A. C., 1965. Serian area, West sarawak, Malaysia : cypods from Singapore. Geology and Palaeontology Explanation of Sheets 1-110-15 and 0-110-3. Geol. of Southeast Asia, 5, p. 135-150. Surv. Borneo Region, Malaysia Rep., 3, 92 pp. KOIKE, T., 1982. Triassic conodont biostratigraphy in PIMM, A. C., 1967. Bau Mining District, West sarawak, Kedah, West Malaysia. Geology and Palaeontology Malaysia, Part II : Krokong. Geol. Surv. Borneo Re- of Southeast Asia, 23, p. 9-51. gion, Malaysia Bull., 7, 97 pp. KON’NO, E., 1966. Some younger Mesozoic plants from RAJAH, S. S., 1968. Geology and mineral resources of the Malaysia. Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Gunung Belumut area, Johor. Geol. Surv. Malaysia Asia. 3, p. 135-164. Dist. Mem., 19, 191 pp. KOOPMANS, B. N., 1968. The Tembeling Formation - A RICHARDSON, J. A., 1939. The geology and mineral resources lithostratigraphic description (West Malaysia). Geol. of the neighbourhood of Raub, Pahang, with an ac- Soc. Malaysia Bull., 1, p. 23-43. count of the geology of the Raub Australian Gold Mine. LEE, A. K., 1990. Geology and mineral resources of the Geol. Surv. Dept. Federation of Malaya Mem., 3, 166 Hulu Lepar area, Pahang Darul Makmur. Geol. Surv. pp. Malaysia Dist. Mem., 22, 235 pp. RICHARDSON, J. A., 1950. The geology and mineral resources LEONG, K. M., 1974. The geology and mineral resources of of the neighbourhood of Chegar Perah and Merapoh, the upper Segama Valley and Darvel Bay area, Sabah, Pahang, Malaya. Geol. Surv. Dept. Federation of Ma- Malaysia. Geol. Surv. Malaysia Mem., 4, 354 pp. laya Mem., 4, 162 pp. LIECHTI, P., ROE, F. W. & HAILE, N. S., 1960. The geology RISHWORTH, D. E. H., 1974. THE Upper Mesozoic terrig- of Sarawak, Brunei and western part of North Borneo. enous Gagau Group of Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. British Borneo Geol. Surv. Bull., 3, 360 pp. Surv. Malaysia Special Paper 1. 78 pp. LOGANATHAN, P., 1977. The geology and mineral resources SCRIVENOR, J. B., 1911. The geology and mining industries of the Segamat area (sheet 115), Johore. Geol. Surv. of Ulu Pahang. Government Printing Office, Kuala Malaysia Ann. Rep. 1977. Lumpur. 61 pp. LOGANATHAN, P., 1978. The Ma’Okil Formation - An out- SHASHIDA, K., ADACHI, S., IGO, H., KOIKE, T. & IBRAHIM lier of the Tahan supergroup. Geol. Surv. Malaysia Ann. AMNAN, 1995. Middle and late Permian radiolarians Rep. 1978, p. 119-131. from the Semanggol Formation, northwest Peninsular MAT ISA JAMALUDIN, 1981 (unpublished). Sedimentasi dan Malaysia. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S. stratigrafi lapisan Paloh, Keluang, Johor. Unpublished 177, p. 45-58. BSc thesis, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. TAN, D. N. K., 1979. Lupar Valley, West Sarawak. Geol. METCALFE, I., 1981. Permian and Early Triassic conodonts Surv. Malaysia Rep., 13. from northwest Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Ma- TEH, G. H. & SIA, S. G., 1991. The Nenering Tertiary de- laysia Bull., 14, p. 119-126. posit, Keroh, north Perak - A preliminary study. Warta METCALFE, I., 1990. Stratigraphic and tectonic implications Geologi, 17(2), p. 49-58. of Triassic conodonts from northwest Peninsular Ma- UYOP SAID & CHE AZIZ ALI, 1997. Nenering continental laysia. Geol. Magazine, 127(6), p. 567-578. deposits : Its age based on palynological evidence.

63 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Warta Geologi, 23(3), p. 170-171. sarawak : Explanation of Sheets 1-109-3, 1-109-4, 1- WILFORD, G. E., 1951. The Bau District, First Division, 109-7 & 2-109-15. Geol. Surv. Department, British Sarawak (progress report). British Borneo Geol. Surv. Territories in Borneo Rep., 1, 159 pp. Ann. Rep. 1950, p. 23-35. WOLFENDEN, E. B., 1965. Bau Mining District, West WILFORD, G. E., 1955. The geology and mineral resources sarawak, Malaysia, Part II : Bau. Geol. Surv. Borneo of the Kuching - Lundu area, West Sarawak. British Region, Malaysia Bull., 7, 147 pp. Borneo Geol. Surv. Mem., 3, 254 pp. YIN, E. H., 1965. Report on the geology and mineral re- WILFORD, G. E., 1965. Penrissen area, West sarawak : Ex- sources of the Gua Musang area, South Kelantan, 49 planation of Sheets 1-110-14 and 0-110-2. Geol. Surv. pp. Borneo Region, Malaysia Rep., 2. ZAKARIA HUSSAIN, 1986. Laporan kemajuan : Pemetaan WOLFENDEN, E. B., 1963. Sematan and Lundu area, West geologi kawasan , Syit 116, Johor. Geol. Surv. Malaysia Ann. Rep. 1986, p. 142-151.

64 PALAEOZOIC

Part 3 CENOZOIC

KAMALUDIN HASSAN Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia Jalan Penampang, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah INTRODUCTION deltaic areas of Batang Tinjar, Batang Rajang and The Cenozoic onshore formations reported in Malaysia Batang Lupar. Raised beaches are common along the are compiled into three parts: coasts, and in the and Sematan areas. 1. In Peninsular Malaysia, the Cenozoic is mainly 3. In Sabah, Cenozoic deposits basically cover most of represented by the Quaternary sedimentary deposits. the state, exception being the Early Triassic Tertiary rock formations are rather localised and metamorphic rocks of the Crystalline Basement in limited. Only six Tertiary formations, occurring as eastern Sabah and other small outcrops in the Labuk small isolated basins are known. These deposits are valley, Gunung Kinabalu area, Taritipan and the distributed from north to south of the peninsula in Bukit northern islands, and the Madai–Baturong Limestone Arang-Betong in Perlis, Enggor in Perak, Batu Arang in the Semporna Peninsula. Thirty eight Cenozoic rock in Selangor, and three in Johor viz., Kepong, - formations are known, out of which two formational Niyor and Layang Layang. Quaternary sediments cover names had been derived from the neighbouring states. about 20% of the peninsular land area, mainly The Temburong Formation had its origin of name and occupying the coastal lowlands of both the east and type area located in Brunei while the Simengaris west coasts with minor occurences in the inland river Formation had its origin of name from Kalimantan, valleys. Indonesia. Sediments of Quaternary age are quite Two approaches are recognised in the naming of limited, ocurring commonly as narrow rims Quaternary sediments of the peninsular. Differentiation surrounding the coastal areas of the state. into Boulder beds, Old alluvium and Young Alluvium The Cenozoic formations are listed in Table 3. Figures are based on the investigations of the outcrops and 8, 9 and 10 show the respective generalised Cenozoic exposures of the Kinta Valley in Perak, whereas stratigraphies of the more common rock formations of categorisation of the Simpang Formation, Gula Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak and Sabah. The locations Formation and Beruas Formation are made from the of type area of the onland Cenozoic formations of subsurface studies carried out in the lowland areas of Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak and Sabah are shown in Taiping and Beruas in Perak, and Kempadang Figures 11, 12 and 13, respectively. It is worth noting that formation from Kuantan area in Pahang. in the fossil lists, the naming follows strictly as that 2. Cenozoic deposits made up the major rock formations described in the cited references, and no attempt was made of Sarawak. Most of the formation occupies nearly all to segregate the fossils according to their various ages. of the Central-North area of the state, stretching from Bahagian Kapit to Bahagian in the northeast. Acknowledgements The Central-North region has been referred as the The author would like to acknowledge various ‘Northwest Borneo Geosyncline’. In West Sarawak, colleagues in the Geological Survey Department, Hj. Mohd the Cenozoic rock units are represented by the Layar Pauzi Abdullah, Nor Asmah Abdul Aziz of the Sabah Office, Member of Belaga Formation, Kayan sandstone, Richard Mani Banda and Ab Rashid Ahmad from the Lubok Antu Melange, Silantik Formation and its Sarawak Office, and other colleagues and friends who are subdivisions, and Plateau Sandstone. A total of 22 rock directly or indirectly involve with the preparation of this formations have their type area in Sarawak, while 4 report. To the MSCRD subcommittee members, the formations, the Temburong, Lambir, Belait and Liang patience, friendship and cordial relations shown throughout are described from the state of Brunei. Quaternary the many meetings that we were together, are very much sediments are widespread, basically occupying the appreciated.

65 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Table 3. List of Cenozoic rock formations in Malaysia

No. Name Age 1. PENINSULAR MALAYSIA C1 Coal measures Upper Oligocene to Lower Miocene C2 Enggor coal beds Tertiary C3 Bukit Arang coal beds Tertiary (?Miocene) C4 Niyor formation Upper Tertiary C5 Kepong formation Upper Tertiary (?Upper Miocene) C6 Layang Layang formation ?Pliocene to Pleistocene C6.1 Badak Shale member ?Pliocene to Pleistocene C6.2 Pengeli Sand member ?Pleistocene C7 Lawin Basin deposits ?Pleistocene C8 Boulder beds ?Lower to ?Middle Pleistocene C9 Old alluvium ?Lower to ?Middle Pleistocene C10 Simpang formation Pleistocene C11 Kempadang formation Pleistocene C12 Young alluvium Holocene C13 Gula formation Holocene C13.1 Matang Gelugur member Holocene C13.2 Port Weld member Holocene C13.3 member Holocene C14 Beruas formation Holocene C14.1 Pengkalan member Holocene

2. SARAWAK C15 Belaga Formation Upper Cretaceous (Turonian to Maastrichtian) to Upper Eocene C15.1 Layar Member Upper Cretaceous C15.2 Kapit Member Paleocene to Lower Eocene C15.3 Metah Member Middle to Upper Eocene C15.4 Pelagus Member Upper Eocene (Liechti et al., 1960), Eocene to Oligocene (Banda & Aji, 1986) C15.5 Bawang member Eocene C16 Kayan sandstone Upper Cretaceous to Lower Eocene C17 Julan Formation Upper Paleocene to Eocene C18 Mulu Formation Paleocene to ?Lower Eocene C19 Kelalan Formation Paleocene to early Upper Eocene C19.1 Temala member Middle to Upper Eocene C20 Lubok Antu Melange Matrix indicate Lower Tertiary age, most probably Lower Eocene C21 Tatau formation Upper Eocene to Oligocene C21.1 Sap Marl member Eocene to Oligocene C22 Kelabit formation Lower Oligocene to Lower Miocene C23 Buan formation Oligocene C24 Nyalau Formation Oligocene to Miocene (Liechti et al., 1960), Miocene (Haile, 1962), Upper Oligocene to Upper Miocene (Kho, 1968) C24.1 Biban Sandstone Member Oligocene to Lower Miocene C24.2 Kakus member Oligocene? to Miocene C25 Meligan Formation Miocene C26 Melinau Limestone Formation Upper Eocene to Lower Miocene C26.1 Melinau limestone Eocene to Miocene C26.2 Keramit limestone and marls Eocene to Miocene C26.3 Selidong limestone Eocene to Miocene C26.4 Batu Gading limestone Eocene to Miocene C26.5 Tujoh-Siman limestone Eocene to Miocene

66 CENOZOIC Table 3. Continued

No. Name Age C27 Temburong formation Oligocene to Upper Miocene (Wilson & Wong, 1964), Upper Oligocene to Lower Miocene (Brondijk, 1963; Tate, 1994) C28 Setap Shale Formation Mainly Miocene (Liechti et al., 1960; Kho, 1968), Oligocene (Banda & Aji, 1986), Upper Miocene (Wilson & Wong, 1964) C28.1 Batu Blah member Miocene C29 Tubau formation Miocene C30 Tangap Formation Lower to Middle Miocene C30.1 Subis Limestone member Miocene C31 Sibuti Formation Miocene C32 Silantek Formation Upper Eocene to ?Miocene C32.1 Basal Sandstone member Upper Eocene to ?Miocene C32.2 Temudok member Upper Eocene to ?Miocene C32.3 Upper Silantek Redbed member Upper Eocene to ?Miocene C33 Plateau sandstone ?Upper Eocene to ?Upper Miocene C34 Lambir Formation Upper Miocene C35 Belait formation Miocene to ?Lower Pliocene C36 Miri formation Miocene to Pliocene C37 Tukau Formation Upper Miocene to Pliocene C38 Balingian formation Miocene (Liechti, et al., 1960); ?Upper Miocene (Wolfenden, 1960) C39 Begrih formation Upper Miocene to Pliocene (Liechti, et al., 1960), Lower Pliocene (Wolfenden, 1960) C39.1 Begrih Conglomerate member Upper Miocene to Lower Pliocene C39.2 Tunggal-Ransi Conglomerate member Upper Miocene to Lower Pliocene C40 Liang formation Pliocene to Middle Pleistocene C40.1 Lumut member C40.2 Berakas member C40.3 Patan member 3. SABAH C41 Chert-Spilite formation Upper Cretaceous to Eocene (Collenette, 1965a; Fitch, 1955; Kirk, 1962; Leong, 1974; Newton-Smith, 1967), Valanginian to Barremian, Lower Cretaceous to Eocene (Leong, 1977) C42 Sapulut Formation Upper Cretaceous to Upper Eocene C43 Trusmadi formation Paleocene to Middle Eocene C44 Crocker formation ?Paleocene-?Lower Oligocene (Newton-Smith, 1967), Paleocene to Lower Miocene (Jacobson, 1970), Paleocene to Miocene C44.1 Banggi Limestone member Eocene C45 East Crocker Formation Paleocene to Lower Eocene C46 West Crocker formation Eocene to Miocene C46.1 Pa Plandok Marl Member Upper Eocene to ?Lower Miocene C47 Kulapis formation Eocene (Fitch; 1955, 1958), Upper Eocene or Oligocene (Collenette, 1965a), Uncertain, probably Paleogene (Haile and Wong, 1965), ?Oligocene, ?Tcd-?Te1-4 (Newton-Smith, 1967) C48 Kalumpang Formation Upper Oligocene to Upper Miocene (Kirk, 1962); Upper Oligocene to Upper Miocene (Lee, 1988); Lower to Middle Miocene (Lim, 1981) C48.1 Sebatik Sandstone-Shale member Not differentiated C48.2 Sipit Limestone member Not differentiated C48.3 Sandstone Chert facies C48.4 Volcanic facies

67 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Table 3. Continued

No. Name Age C49 Napu sandstones ?Eocene (Ta-b) - reworked? C50 Temburong formation Oligocene to Upper Miocene C51 Labang formation Oligocene to Lower Miocene (Collenette, 1965a); Lower Miocene (Haile and Wong, 1965) C52 Tambang beds Oligocene to Lower Miocene C53 Kamansi beds ?Oligocene C54 Langusan beds ?Oligocene to Lower Miocene or later (Leong, 1974) C55 Kudat Formation Miocene C55.1 Tajau Sandstone Member Miocene C55.2 Sekuati Member Miocene C55.3 Garau Red Shale Member Miocene C55.4 Gomantong Member Miocene C55.5 Sirar Member Miocene C55.6 Dudar Member Miocene C56 Wariu formation Miocene C57 Balung formation Middle to Upper Miocene C58 Gomantong Limestone formation Upper Miocene C59 Meligan Formation Upper Miocene C60 South Banggi formation Upper Miocene C61 Kuamut formation Upper Miocene (Collenette, 1965a); Upper Lower Miocene to mainly Upper Miocene (Leong, 1974) C62 Ayer formation Upper Miocene C62.1 Tempadong Limestone member Miocene (most probable Te5) C63 Libong Tuffite formation Upper Miocene C64 Tanjong formation Lower to Middle Miocene C65 Kalabakan formation Upper Miocene C66 Bongaya formation Upper Miocene to younger age C66.1 Balambangan Limestone member Upper Miocene C67 Kapilit formation Upper Miocene C68 Simengaris formation Upper Miocene C69 Garinono formation Neogene or younger (Collenette, 1966), Upper Miocene (Lee, 1970), Upper Upper Miocene (Newton-Smith, 1967) C70 Sandakan formation Upper Miocene C71 Tungku formation Upper Miocene to Lower Pliocene C71.1 Bagahak Pyroclastic member C72 Tabanak Conglomerate Upper Miocene to ?Pliocene C73 Sebahat Formation Upper Miocene to Lower Pliocene C74 Umas Umas Formation Upper Miocene to ?Pliocene C75 Ganduman formation Pliocene C76 Timohing formation Pliocene C76.1 West Timohing member ?Upper Miocene to Pliocene C76.2 East Timohing member Pliocene C77 Togopi Formation Pliocene to Pleistocene C78 Pinosuk gravels Upper Pleistocene to Holocene

68 CENOZOIC

Figure 8. Cenozoic correlation chart for Peninsular Malaysia (after Suntharalingam, 1983).

69 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA

Figure 9. Generalized onland stratigraphy of Sarawak (Chand, 1997).

70 CENOZOIC

Figure 10. Generalized onland stratigraphy of Sabah (Chand, 1995).

71 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA

C3

C7

C13.3 C13 C10 C13.2 C13.1 C2 C8, C14 C9 & C12 C14.1

C11

C1

C6.2

C5

C4

C6 C6.1

Figure 11. Location of type area of onland Cenozoic rock formations of Peninsular Malaysia. Map reproduced with 72 the permission of the Director-General of Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia. CENOZOIC tor-General of Minerals and Geoscience tor-General C19 C22 C25 C28 C40.3 C19.1 C26.4 C17 C27 C29 C26.3 C18 C26 & C26.1 C35 C40 & C40.1 C40.2 Department Malaysia. C28.1 C15 C36 C37 C31 C34 C15.3 C30 C30.1 C15.4 C24.1 C24 C23 C15.2 C39.2 C21 C15.1 C15.5 C38 C20 C39 C32.2 C32 C33 C16 Figure 12. Location of type area of onland Cenozoic rock formations of Sarawak. Map with the permission of Direc reproduced 12. Location of type area of Sarawak. Figure of onland Cenozoic rock formations

73 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA

Figure 13. Location of type area of the onland Cenozoic rock formations of Sabah.

74 CENOZOIC

3.1. PENINSULAR MALAYSIA 13. Env. of deposition : Fluvio-lacustrine 14. Remarks : Has been described as coal measures, Batu Arang coal C1. measures, Tertiary coal measures. 1. Name : Coal measures 2. Origin of name : C2. 3. Age : Upper Oligocene to Lower 1. Name : Enggor coal beds Miocene 2. Origin of name : After Sg. Enggor. Perak 4. References : Ahmad Munif Koraini (1993), 3. Age : Tertiary Law (1961, manuscript). 4. References : Foo (1990), Ingham (1928), Mahendran et al. (1991), Roe Scrivenor (1917a) (1953), Stauffer (1973) 5. Type area : 5. Type area : Not specified but refers to the Batu 6. Type section : Arang Tertiary beds near Rawang, 7. Boundaries : Lower boundary unconformable Selangor. over Upper Paleozoic rocks. 6. Type section : 8. Correlation : Correlated to coal measures of 7. Boundaries : Unconformably overlying the coal Batu Arang and Rantau Panjang measures are the presumed in Selangor, Durian Condong and Pleistocene Boulder Beds while Bukit Serampang in Johor, the basal parts made an angular Keluang and Nyiur (also in Johor) unconformity with the folded and Bukit Arang in Perlis. Permian? basement rocks. 9. Thickness : ± 40 m 8. Correlation : 10. Lithology : Consist of thick uppermost layer 9. Thickness : ± 265 m of of sandy shale and sandstone 10. Lithology : Consists of boulder beds made up followed by thinner zone of grey of boulders and pebbles of shale, the first coal seam, thin zone quartzite with fragments of vein- of shale, the second coal seam, quartz, graphitic schist and chert black shale and calcareous shale. with gravel, sand or clayey sand 11. Subdivisions : as matrix; and coal measures 12. Fossils : made up of sandstone, shale, coal plant and sandstone with intercalations leaves of monocot and dicot plants of shale, clay and conglomerate. 13. Env. of deposition : 11. Subdivisions : 14. Remarks : The name was proposed by Foo 12. Fossils : (1990). It has been earlier referred algae as Enggor coal field, Enggor coal Botryococcus sp. deposits, Enggor coal beds. Pediastrum sp. gastropod Viviparus sp. C3. palynomorph 1. Name : Bukit Arang coal beds Lagerstroemia sp. 2. Origin of name : After the place Bukit Arang, Perlis Nyssapollenites sp. 3. Age : Tertiary (?Miocene) Pinuspollenites sp. 4. References : Alexander et al., (1959), Jones plant (leaves etc.) (1978), Scrivenor (1913) Angiopteris erecta 5. Type area : Eugenia sp. 6. Type section : Laurinea sp. 7. Boundaries : Macaranga sp. 8. Correlation : Correlated to Batu Arang coal Monocarpia marginalis measures of Selangor. Polyalthia sp. 9. Thickness : ?> 180 m Tetradenia (Neolitsea) or Lindera sp. 10. Lithology : Loose and semi-consolidated Vaccinium scortechinii? deposits of fluvio-deltaic and lacustrine character varying from

75 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA variegated plastic clay and shale the rock found at Batu Arang through sandy clay to running (Selangor) and Enggor (Perak). sand, feldspathic grit, gravel and 9. Thickness : ?± 30 m. boulder beds. Small seams of soft 10. Lithology : Interbedded and poorly brown coal occur sparingly. The consolidated volcanic ash, clay, boulders are waterworn, well sand layers inercalated with lenses rounded and of variable size. of lignite. Reported occurrences of 11. Subdivisions : limestone, shales, coaly shale, oil 12. Fossils : shale associated with peaty layers. plant 11. Subdivisions : leaves of Tetradenia sp. or Lindera sp., 12. Fossils : Polyalthia sp. (Anonaceae), gastropod Eugenia sp. (Myrtaceae) Thiara sp. 13. Env. of deposition : Fluviatile or deltaic conditions Viviparus sp. 14. Remarks : The name was first recorded by Viviparus ?willbourni Scrivenor (1913). It has been fish grouped under Arau formation by teeth Alexander et al. (1959). plant remains C4. 13. Env. of deposition : Non-marine, probably lacustrine. 14. Remarks : 1. Name : Niyor formation 2. Origin of name : After Niyor town, Johor 3. Age : Upper Tertiary C6. 4. References : Loh (in manuscript), Renwick & 1. Name : Layang Layang formation Rishworth (1966) 2. Origin of name : After the place Layang Layang, 5. Type area : Central Johor. 6. Type section : 3. Age : ?Pliocene to Pleistocene 7. Boundaries : 4. References : Rajah (1986) 8. Correlation : 5. Type area : 9. Thickness : 6. Type section : 10. Lithology : Poorly consolidated to partly 7. Boundaries : consolidated sand, clay, shale and 8. Correlation : lignite. The shale is compact pale 9. Thickness : ± 90 to 150 m. grey to black and commonly 10. Lithology : See Badak shale member and carbonaceous containing Pengeli sand member. abundant decayed plant remains. 11. Subdivisions : Badak shale member and Pengeli 11. Subdivisions : sand member 12. Fossils : 12. Fossils : plant (undifferentiated) plant 13. Env. of deposition : remains 14. Remarks : Proposed by Loh (in manuscript). 13. Env. of deposition : Terrestrial. 14. Remarks : Proposed by Rajah (1986). C5. Vijayan (1990) carried out a gravity survey of the Layang- 1. Name : Kepong formation Layang area. 2. Origin of name : After the village of Kepong, near , Johor. 3. Age : Upper Tertiary (?Upper Miocene) C6.1. 4. References : Alexander (1956), Loganathan (in 1. Name : Badak Shale member manuscript) 2. Origin of name : After the former Bukit Badak 5. Type area : Estate, Johor 6. Type section : 3. Age : ?Pliocene to Pleistocene 7. Boundaries : 4. References : Rajah (1986) 8. Correlation : Some beds show resemblance to 5. Type area :

76 CENOZOIC 6. Type section : C7. 7. Boundaries : Basal boundary not exposed. 1. Name : Lawin basin deposits Separated by a thin layer of iron 2. Origin of name : After Sungai Lawin, Perak cemented hardpan from the 3. Age : ?Pleistocene overlying Pengeli sand member. 4. References : Jones (1970) 8. Correlation : 5. Type area : 9. Thickness : 6. Type section : 10. Lithology : Semi-consolidated to consolidated 7. Boundaries : grey to yellowish-brown sandy 8. Correlation : clay and layers of clay loam with 9. Thickness : ?> 300 m layers of grey clay and minor 10. Lithology : Comprise sequence of poorly orange-yellow clay. Also dove graded sediments ranging through grey, light grey and greyish-brown sand, grit, gravel and boulder clay-shale. Pinkish-red to red beds. Also include pebbles and mottlings are present in places. boulders of red protoquartzite. Subrounded quartz grains and fine 11. Subdivisions : laterite or ferricrete pebbles occur 12. Fossils : quite often in the loam. 13. Env. of deposition : Delta-like environment 11. Subdivisions : 14. Remarks : Proposed by Jones (1970). 12. Fossils : Comparable in lithology and palynomorph structure to the late Tertiary basin ?Pinus sp. deposits known at a number of plant places in the peninsula. However, Illipse sp. lignite seams have not been found Shorea sp. in the Lawin Basin. Bruguiera sp. Rhizophora sp. C8. 13. Env. of deposition : Intermontane basin/lacustrine 14. Remarks : 1. Name : Boulder beds 2. Origin of name : C6.2. 3. Age : ?Lower to ?Middle Pleistocene 4. References : Stauffer (1973), Walker (1955) 1. Name : Pengeli Sand member 5. Type area : 2. Origin of name : After Sungai Pengeli, Johor 6. Type section : 3. Age : ?Pleistocene 7. Boundaries : The ‘Boulder Beds’ form the basal 4. References : Rajah (1986) part of the unconsolidated 5. Type area : sediments overlying the 6. Type section : (weathered) bedrock, and 7. Boundaries : commonly overlain by the ‘Old 8. Correlation : Alluvium’. 9. Thickness : 8. Correlation : 10. Lithology : Consists mainly of quartzo- 9. Thickness : ± 300 m feldspathic sand, sandy clay, 10. Lithology : Conglomerates of subangular clayey sand and clay. Colour when boulders, deeply but variously fresh ranges from white, creamy weathered, some granite boulders white, cream, pale grey and are distinguishable. The boulders pinkish grey. are largely embedded in tough 11. Subdivisions : sandy clay. Beds of sorted sand, 12. Fossils : clay and pebbles and highly 13. Env. of deposition : compressed seams of organic mud 14. Remarks : Resembles (homologous) the are also present. ‘Older Alluvium’ of Burton 11. Subdivisions : (1964). 12. Fossils :

77 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA 13. Env. of deposition : Colluvial, eluvial, water-washed Baccaurea sp. boulder gravels Blumeodendron sp. 14. Remarks : The term ‘Boulder Beds’ is Bouea sp. classified from the study of the Brownlowia sp. alluvial deposits in the Kinta Bruguiera sp. Valley by Walker (1956), Ingham Calamus sp. and Bradford (1960). Other related Calophyllum sp. deposits have been decribed by Campnosperma auriculatum Scrivenor (1912, 1949) as Campnosperma sp. ‘ Beds’, Rastall (1927) as Capparis sp. ‘Tekka Clays’, Willbourn (1936) Casearia sp. as ‘Western Boulder Clays’. Castanopsis/Lithocarpus type Casuarina equisetifolia C9. Casuarina sp. Celtis sp. 1. Name : Old alluvium Chionanthus elaeocarpus 2. Origin of name : Chisocheton sp. 3. Age : ?Lower to ?Middle Pleistocene Clerodendrum sp. 4. References : Kamaludin et al. (1993), Stauffer Combretocarpus rotundatus (1973), Walker (1955), Ingham Combretocarpus sp. and Bradford (1960), Sivam Cyperaceae (1969). Daemunorops verticillaris 5. Type area : Dendrophthoe pentandra 6. Type section : Dillenia sp. 7. Boundaries : In the Kinta Valley weathered Diospyros sp. limestone or ‘Boulder ‘Beds’ Durio sp. underlie the ‘Old Alluvium’, at Dysoxylum sp. some localities the ‘Young Elaeocarpus sp. Alluvium’ forms the overlying Ericaceae undiff. sediments and the contact is an Eugenia sp. unconformity. Euodia sp. 8. Correlation : Ficus sp. 9. Thickness : > 50 m Flacourtia sp. 10. Lithology : Gravel, sand, silt and clay in all Flagellaria sp. possible mixtures, together with Freycinetia sp. peaty sediments, peat, and Garcinia sp. accumulations of partly lignitized Glochidion sp. wood and logs. Gramineae 11. Subdivisions : Homalanthus sp. 12. Fossils : Hopea sp. mammal Hymenodicton sp. Palaeoloxodon namadicus (elephant tooth) Iguanura sp. palynomorphs (pollen, spores & others) Ilex sp. pollen Klienhovia hospita Acanthus sp. Korthalsia sp. Aglia sp. Leguminosae undiff. Aidia/Randia type Lepisanthes sp. Alangium sp. Lithocarpus sp. Alstonia sp. Lophopetalum multinervium Altingia sp. Lumnitzera sp. Aphanamixis sp. Macaranga sp. Arytera littoralis Macaranga/Mallotus Austrobuxus sp. Mallotus sp. Avicennia sp. Malvaceae

78 CENOZOIC Melastoma sp. Davallia sp. Melastomataceae undiff. Lindsaea sp. Meliaceae Lycopedium cernuum Menispermaceae undiff. Lycopodium phlegmaria Mesua sp. Microtropis sp. Moraceae/Urticaceae type Selaginella sp. Myrica sp. Selaginella planata Myristica sp. Selaginella roxburghii Myrtaceae Stenochlaena palustris Nepenthes sp. Taenitis sp. Nephelium sp. other palynomorphs Nephrolepis sp. Chomotriletes circulus Nypa fruticans Chomotriletes sp. Oncosperma sp. plant Oncosprma tigillarium remains (incl. logs) Palmae 13. Env. of deposition : Coastal/estuarine, fluvial Pandanus sp. 14. Remarks : The term ‘Old Alluvium’ was Phoenix paludosa classified from the study of the Phyllanthus sp. alluvial deposits in the Kinta Pinanga sp. Valley by Walker (1956), Ingham Podocarpus imbricatus and Bradford (1960), Sivam Podocarpus polystachyus (1969). Other related deposits Quercus sp. have been referred as ‘High Level Randia sp. Alluvium’ by Rastall (1927), Rhizophora sp. Jones (1978), and ‘Older Rhizophoraceae Alluvium’ by Burton (1964), Rhopaloblaste sp. ‘Simpang Formation’ by Salacca sp. Suntharalingam and Teoh (1985). Santiria laevigata Sapindus sp. C10. Sapium sp. 1. Name : Simpang formation Sapotaceae 2. Origin of name : From boreholes at Simpang in Sapotaceae/Meliaceae Taiping, Perak Schefflera sp. 3. Age : Pleistocene Schuurmansia sp. 4. References : Suntharalingam & Teoh (1985), Scolopia sp. Suntharalingam (1987), Loh Shorea sp. (1992) Sonneratia caseolaris 5. Type area : Sonneratia ovata 6. Type section : Sonneratia sp. 7. Boundaries : Unconformable basal boundary Spondias sp. with bedrock. Conformable upper Stemonurus sp. boundary with Gula formation. Sterculia sp. 8. Correlation : Symplocos adenophylla 9. Thickness : > 30 m. Terminalia sp. 10. Lithology : Made up predominantly of clay, Tetracera sp. silt and sand with subordinate Xylocarpus sp. amounts of gravel towards the spore lower part of the succession. The Acrostichum sp. sediments are usually mixtures of Acrostichum aureum gravel, sand, silt and clay; the sand Acrostichum speciosum and clay are also found Blechnum indicum intercalated with one another. Peat Cyathea sp. and peaty clay are also present.

79 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA 11. Subdivisions : 12. Fossils : 12. Fossils : plant plant remains remains 13. Env. of deposition : Fluvial 13. Env. of deposition : Fluvial 14. Remarks : The term ‘Young Alluvium’ is 14. Remarks : Suntharalingam & Teoh (1985) from a study of the alluvial stated the formation as equivalent deposits in the Kinta Valley by to the ‘Old Alluvium’ of Walker Walker (1956). Other related (1956). deposits have been referred as ‘Low Level Alluvium’ by Jones C11. (1978), ‘Beruas Formation’ by Suntharalingam & Teoh (1985). 1. Name : Kempadang formation 2. Origin of name : From borehole at Kampong Kempadang, near Kuantan in C13. Pahang 1. Name : Gula formation 3. Age : Pleistocene 2. Origin of name : From borehole at Gula near 4. References : Bosch (1986), Che Ghani Ambak Taiping, Perak (1983), Loh (1987) and 3. Age : Holocene Suntharalingam (1983) 4. References : Suntharalingam & Teoh (1985), 5. Type area : Suntharalingam (1987), Loh 6. Type section : (1992) 7. Boundaries : 5. Type area : 8. Correlation : 6. Type section : 9. Thickness : < 7 m 7. Boundaries : Often underlain by Simpang 10. Lithology : Grey to olive brown clay, silt and formation or the bedrock. The sand deposited in marine overlying sediments is the Beruas environment. formation. 11. Subdivisions : 8. Correlation : 12. Fossils : mollusc, brachiopod, echinoderm, 9. Thickness : < 40 m foraminifera, ostracod, 10. Lithology : Mainly made up of clay and silt palynomorph while sand and gravel in small 13. Env. of deposition : Marine amount. Organic matter and shells 14. Remarks : Referred by Che Ghani Ambak are present. (1983) as the ‘Older Marine Unit’. 11. Subdivisions : Matang Gelugur member, Port Referred as ‘Kempadang Weld member and Parit Buntar Formation by Bosch (1986). member. 12. Fossils : C12. foraminifera Ammonia beccarii (Linne) 1. Name : Young alluvium Asterorotalia pulchella (d’Orbigny) 2. Origin of name : Cellanthus craticulatus (Fitches & Moll) 3. Age : Holocene Elphidium cf. mecallum 4. References : Stauffer (1973), Walker (1955) Pseudorotalia schroeteriana 5. Type area : Quinqueloculina sp. 6. Type section : Spiroloculina sp. 7. Boundaries : Overlies the ‘Old alluvium’, Triloculina sp. ‘Boulder beds’ or bedrock gastropod unconformably Coralliophila sp. 8. Correlation : Cryptospira sp. 9. Thickness : < 35 m Cylichna sp. 10. Lithology : Unconsolidated deposits of sand Gemmula sp. and gravel with some peat and Natica sp. clay. Pyramidellacea sp. 11. Subdivisions :

80 CENOZOIC Sinum sp. 7. Boundaries : ?Stenothyra sp. 8. Correlation : Terebra sp. 9. Thickness : ± 4 m Trochus s.l. 10. Lithology : The composition of the sediments Turritella cingulifera GB Sowerby varies from clayey sand to sand Zeuxis cf. dorsatus (Roding) with rare layers or lenses of clay. ostracod Sand is mainly in the upper part Alocopocythere reticulata indoaustralica Hartmann while clayey sand is common in Bicornucythere papuensis (Brady) the lower part of the succession. Carinocythereis hamata Muller 11. Subdivisions : Cyprideis sp. 12. Fossils : Cytherella semitalis (Brady) gastropod Cytherelloidae cf. semireticulata Keij Sinum sp. Hemicytheridea aff. paiki Jain Turbinella angulatus Neocyprideis (Miocyprideis) sp. pelecypod Neomonoceratina cf. delicata Ishizaki & Kato Anadara sp. pelecypod Arcopagia sp. Anadara sp. Malleus anatinus Arcopagia s.l. plant Calyptraea sp. remains Corbula sp. 13. Env. of deposition : Beach ridge, chenier, shallow Laevicardium sp. marine (coastal) Lucinacea 14. Remarks : Nucula sp. Nuculana sp. C13.2. Ostrea sp. 1. Name : Port Weld member Pitar s.l. 2. Origin of name : From borehole at Port Weld Semelangulus sp. (), Perak Sinodia sinuata (Gmelin) 3. Age : Holocene Timoclea sp. 4. References : Suntharalingam & Teoh (1985), Trisidos cf. tortuosa (Lamarck) Suntharalingam (1987) others 5. Type area : Balanus sp. 6. Type section : Dentalium s.l. 7. Boundaries : echiniod spine 8. Correlation : 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine to estuarine 9. Thickness : ± 2 m 14. Remarks : The upper part is differentiated by 10. Lithology : Predominantly clay with Suntharalingam & Teoh (1985) occasional lenses or layers of fine into Matang Gelugor member and to medium sand and silt. The clay Port Weld member, and Parit varies from brown-black or Buntar member by Kamaludin brownish grey to greenish grey. (1989). The clay generally consists of moderate to abundant humic C13.1. material layered or arranged in 1. Name : Matang Gelugur member haphazard manner. 2. Origin of name : From borehole at Kampong 11. Subdivisions : Matang Gelugur in Taiping, Perak. 12. Fossils : 3. Age : Holocene palynomorph 4. References : Suntharalingam & Teoh (1985), Acrostichum sp. Suntharalingam (1987), Loh Avicennia sp. (1992) Brownlowia sp. 5. Type area : Nypa sp. 6. Type section : Rhizophora sp.

81 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Sonneratia caseolaris 10. Lithology : Made up of clay, peat, sandy clay 13. Env. of deposition : Marine origin and to a lesser extent sand and 14. Remarks : The Port Weld member is gravels. distinguished from the 11. Subdivisions : Pengkalan member undifferentiated clays of the Gula 12. Fossils : formation by the black grey or plant brown grey colour, abundant plant remains remains, typical mangrove pollen 13. Env. of deposition : Fluvial types and general absence of 14. Remarks : Presumed equivalent to ‘Young marine shells. Alluvium’ of Walker (1955).

C13.3. C14.1. 1. Name : Parit Buntar member 1. Name : Pengkalan member 2. Origin of name : From borehole at Parit Buntar, 2. Origin of name : From borehole at Pengkalan Perak Baharu in Beruas, Perak 3. Age : Holocene 3. Age : Holocene 4. References : Kamaludin (1989) 4. References : Suntharalingam & Teoh (1985), 5. Type area : Suntharalingam (1987), Loh 6. Type section : (1992) 7. Boundaries : 5. Type area : 8. Correlation : 6. Type section : 9. Thickness : ± 3 m 7. Boundaries : 10. Lithology : Grey to brownish black clay, silt, 8. Correlation : in places thin layers of sand and 9. Thickness : ± 6 m gravel, and peat. 10. Lithology : Generally made up of brown, 11. Subdivisions : brown-black to black peat with 12. Fossils : minor amounts of silt and clay. palynomorph The clay is brown to brown-grey Palmae with slight to abundant amounts Pandanaceae of humic and plant materials. Rhizophora spp. 11. Subdivisions : 13. Env. of deposition : Back mangrove 12. Fossils : 14. Remarks : Differentiated from Port Weld palynomorph member by the environment of Callophyllum sp. deposition. Casuarina sp. Flagellaria indica C14. Nepenthes sp. Pandanus sp. 1. Name : Beruas formation Sonneratia caseolaris 2. Origin of name : From borehole at Beruas, Perak Gleichenia sp. 3. Age : Holocene Lygodium scandens 4. References : Suntharalingam & Teoh (1985), Lygodium sp. Suntharalingam (1987), Loh Selaginella cf. vaginata type (1992) Stenochlaena palustris 5. Type area : plant 6. Type section : remains 7. Boundaries : Overlies Simpang formation and 13. Env. of deposition : Freshwater swamp Gula formation conformably. 14. Remarks : 8. Correlation : 9. Thickness : ± 5 m

82 CENOZOIC 3.2. SARAWAK obsolete Rajang Series and part of Shale-Quartzite Series. C15. C15.1. 1. Name : Belaga Formation 2. Origin of name : The Belaga Area, Bahagian Sri 1. Name : Layar Member Aman 2. Origin of name : Batang Layar in Bahagian Sri 3. Age : Upper Cretaceous (Turonian to Aman. Maastrichtian) to Upper Eocene 3. Age : Upper Cretaceous 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960), Wolfenden 4. References : Kirk (1957), Liechti et al. (1960), (1960). Tan (1979) 5. Type area : Entire Rajang River area 5. Type area : 6. Type section : See the various Members 6. Type section : The section along the Batang 7. Boundaries : The basal boundary is exposed in Layar, a right hand tributary of the the Lupar area only, where it is a Saribas about 44 km northeast of gradual transition into the Lupar Sungai Engkari, a tributary of Formation. Batang Ai. 8. Correlation : Tate (1991) correlated the 7. Boundaries : The basal boundary is a gradual Embaluh Group in Kalimantan as transition into the Lupar equivalent of the Layar and Kapit Formation (Liechti et al., 1960). Members of the Belaga However Tan (1979) indicate that Formation. the contact between Layar 9. Thickness : ? 10,350-16,900 m. Member and the Lupar Formation 10. Lithology : Submetamorphic or semi- is a fault. The top of the Layar metamorphic shale succession of Member grades upwards into the huge thickness with intercalations Kapit Member. of greywacke and subgreywacke 8. Correlation : sandstones. From the lower 9. Thickness : ± 2,000-4,100 m Rajang area, Wolfenden (1968), 10. Lithology : Quartzitic sandstones alternate defined the lithology to consist with black shales (Liechti et al., predominantly of dark shale that 1960). Tan (1979), defined as has been dynamically composed mainly of slate and metamorphosed to argillite, slate, phyllite with rhythmically and some phyllite; interbedded metagraywacke. unmetamorphosed shale and 11. Subdivisions : mudstone are rare. In addition, 12. Fossils : subordinate graywacke sandstone, foraminifera rare subgraywacke sandstone, and Bathysiphon spp. rare graywacke conglomerate, Globotruncana spp. also occur. Glomospira 8 11. Subdivisions : Pelagus Member, Metah Member, Haplophragmoides sp. Kapit Member, Layar Member. Nonion 16 Wolfenden (1960), based on Orbitolina sp. paleontological evidence, Psammosiphonella sp. differentiated four stages (Stage I Textularia spp. to Stage IV) of the Belaga Trochamminoides spp. Formation in the lower Rajang molluscs area. 13. Env. of deposition : Marine environment, distal 12. Fossils : Refer Member turbidite. 13. Env. of deposition : Fully marine conditions of outer 14. Remarks : Proposed by Jordi, H.A. and neritic to bathyal Bowen J.M. in 1956. Layar 14. Remarks : The term Belaga Formation Member is equivalent to Belaga (Belaga Series of De Boer & Formation, Stage I of Wolfenden Milroy, 1952) unites the now (1960).

83 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA C15.2. Glaessner 1. Name : Kapit Member Globorotalia cf. angulata White 2. Origin of name : After Kapit town, Bahagian Kapit Globorotalia cf. crassa (d’Orbigny) var. pentacamerata 3. Age : Paleocene to Lower Eocene Subbotina 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960) Globorotalia wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton 5. Type area : Globorotalia spp. 6. Type section : The Rajang River section from the Glomospira spp. Lower Baleh to Sg. Katibas and Haplophragmoides spp. its southern affluents in the Lockhartia sp. vicinity of Kapit town Miscellanea miscella d’Archiac & Haime 7. Boundaries : Nonion spp. 8. Correlation : Nummulites atacicus Leymerie type 9. Thickness : ± 3,000 to 6,700 m Nummulites globulus Leymerie type 10. Lithology : Consists predominantly of shales, Nummulites javana Verbeek type the purple and red colors are a Nummulites cf. javanus Verbeek, A form striking characteristic of parts of Nummulites nuttalli Davies the member. Dark grey and grey- Nummulites sp. green types of shale are also Pellatispira sp.? common. Sandstones are probably Quinqueloculina sp. less than 10 % of the total. Reusella sp. Wolfenden (1960) noted that in Sigmoilina spp. the lower Rajang area, the Stage Somalina cf. stefanini Silvestri II rocks are closely similar to those Trochammina spp. in Stage I, in that predominantly Trochamminoides spp. steeply dipping, low-grade 13. Env. of deposition : dynamically metamorphosed, 14. Remarks : Proposed by Jordi & Bowen argillaceous rocks (argillite, slate, (1956). Kapit Member is and some phyllite) with equivalent to Belaga Formation, graywacke and rare beds of Stage II of Wolfenden (1960). graywacke conglomerate. 11. Subdivisions : C15.3. 12. Fossils : Fossils from Wolfenden (1960) 1. Name : Metah Member Stage II are also included in the 2. Origin of name : Sungai Metah, Bahagian Kapit list below. 3. Age : Middle to Upper Eocene foraminifera 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960) Alveolina (Flosculina) globosa Leymerie 5. Type area : Alveolina oblonga d’Orbigny 6. Type section : Sungai Metah, a right hand Alveolina sp. tributary of the Rajang River, Ammodiscus sp. originating south of Bt. Mersing Anomalina sp. 7. Boundaries : Assilina sp. 8. Correlation : Asterigerina sp. 9. Thickness : ± 1,300 to 3,900 m Bathysiphon spp. 10. Lithology : Made up of interbedded Bulimina sp. sandstones and shales. The Cibicides spp. sandstones rarely exceed 1 m thick Cristellaria spp. while the shales are dark grey or Cyclammina spp. grey and often carbonaceous. Discocyclina sp. Wolfenden (1960) noted that in Gaudryina spp. the lower Rajang area, the Stage Globigerina sp. III rocks are superficially similar Globobulimina spp. to those in Stages I and II, in Globorotalia aragonensis Nuttall particular to those in the lower part Globorotalia cf. aragonensis Nuttall var. caucasica of Stage II. Stage III is probably

84 CENOZOIC more arenaceous than any other 13. Env. of deposition : stage of the Belaga Formation but 14. Remarks : Proposed by Jordi & Bowen even so argillaceous rocks still (1956). Metah Member is predominate, and are made up of equivalent to Belaga Formation, argillite, slate, occasional phyllite, Stage III of Wolfenden (1960). graywacke, and rare beds of graywacke conglomerate. C15.4. 11. Subdivisions : 1. Name : Pelagus Member 12. Fossils : Fossils from Wolfenden (1960) 2. Origin of name : Pelagus rapid, Bahagian Kapit Stage III are also included in the 3. Age : Upper Eocene (Liechti et al., list below. 1960), Eocene to Oligocene bivalve (Banda & Aji, 1986) Astarte sp. 4. References : Banda & Aji (1986), Liechti et al. foraminifera (1960) Ammodiscus sp. 5. Type area : Anomalina sp. 6. Type section : The Rajang River section in the Assilina sp. area of the Pelagus Rapids Bathysiphon spp. 7. Boundaries : Cassidulina sp. 8. Correlation : Cibicides spp. 9. Thickness : ± 3,200 to 6,000 m Cristellaria spp. 10. Lithology : Massive sandstones beds several Cyclammina spp. metres thick interbedded with Dentalina spp. grey shales and thin sandstones Discocyclina sp. and siltstones. Wolfenden (1960) Gaudryina spp. noted that in the lower Rajang Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez area, the Stage IV rock types are Globigerina sp. shale, mudstone, argillite, slate, Globigerinoides orbiformis-mexicana group rare phyllite, sandstone, and Globigerinoides sp. conglomerate. Globobulimina spp. 11. Subdivisions : Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez 12. Fossils : Fossils from Wolfenden (1960) Globorotalia cf. centralis Cushman & Bermudez Stage IV are also included in the ?Globorotalia cerro-azulensis Cole list below. Globorotalia crassata Cushman bivalve Globorotalia spp. ?Divaricella sp. Glomospira spp. foraminifera Gyroidina sp. Aktinocyclina sp. Haplophragmoides spp. Bathysiphon spp. Marginulina sp. Cyclammina sp. Nodosaria spp. Discocyclina sp. Nonion spp. Fasciolites sp. Nummulites sp. Gaudryina spp. Operculina sp. Globigerina sp. Pellatispira cf. glabra Umbgrove Globobulimina spp. Pellatispira inflata (Umbgrove) Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez Pellatispira cf. madaraszi Hantken Globorotalia cerroazulensis Cole Pellatispira orbitoidae (Umbgrove) Hantkenina alabamensis Cushman Rotalia sp. Haplioghragmoides walteri (Greybowski) Sigmoilina spp. Haplioghragmoides spp. Textularia 44 Nummulites sp. Trochammina spp. Operculina sp. Trochamminoides spp. Pellatispira cf. madaraszi Hantken Uvigerina sp. Pellatispira sp. Verneuilina spp.

85 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Rotalia sp. (1993), Wolfenden and Haile Textularia sp. (1963) Trochammina spp. 5. Type area : Considered type section along the Trochamminoides spp. Bau-Lundu Road cutting through Verneuilina spp. the Kayan Basin as most Vulvulina sp. appropriate ‘type area’. 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow to deep marine 6. Type section : The Bau-Lundu Road cutting, environment Bahagian Kuching (Tan, 1993). 14. Remarks : Proposed by Jordi & Bowen 7. Boundaries : Overlies with slight angular (1956). Pelagus Member is unconformity, the Pedawan equivalent to Belaga Formation, Formation in the Santubong Stage IV of Wolfenden (1960). peninsula. The upper part of the Kayan sandstone is an erosional C15.5. surface, in places unconformably overlain by Recent alluvium. 1. Name : Bawang member 8. Correlation : 2. Origin of name : Sungai Bawang, Bahagian Bintulu 9. Thickness : ± 760 to 4,000 m 3. Age : Eocene 10. Lithology : Consists of thick-bedded, current- 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960), Wolfenden bedded to massive pebbly to (1960) medium-grained sandstone, with 5. Type area : Restricted to the Tatau Horst and lenses of polymict and mudflake the core of the large Arip-Pelagau conglomerate, intercalated with Anticline sequences of thin-bedded, fine- 6. Type section : grained sandstone which is 7. Boundaries : The member is overlain regularly interbedded with unconformably by the Tatau siltstone, shale, and mudstone. Formation, or locally, by the 11. Subdivisions : Tunggal-Ransi conglomerate. 12. Fossils : Fossil palynomorphs of the 8. Correlation : ‘Plateau Sandstone’ (Muller, 9. Thickness : Unknown 1968; Wolfenden and Haile, 10. Lithology : Blue-grey to grey-black shales, 1963), which has been redefined sometimes slaty but usually soft. as the ‘Kayan sandstone’ (Tan, Thin beds of fine grained 1993), is listed below; sandstones are present. fish 11. Subdivisions : Odontaspis macrota Aggasiz 12. Fossils : Only poor fauna of crushed gastropod foraminifera found. ?Genotia (Pseudotoma) pseudomelongena Martin 13. Env. of deposition : Speculated to represent the highly ?Nassarius sp. indet. argillaceous probably bathyal Turritella (?Haustator) boettgeri Martin equivalent of the Metah Member Volutocorbis cf. ptychochilus (Boettger) 14. Remarks : Proposed by de Boer and Milroy ?Buccinid gen. et sp. indet. in 1952 as Bawang Shale ?Naticid or Turbinid gen. et sp. indet. Formation. Wolfenden (1960) palynomorph (dinoflagellate) introduced the term Bawang Odontochitina sp. Member. Gymnodinium sp. Hystrichosphaera/Hystrichosphaeridium type C16. palynomorph 1. Name : Kayan sandstone Acanthotriletes levidensis Balme 2. Origin of name : Presumably the Kayan River Apiculatisporis ferox Muller (Batang Kayan), Bahagian Appendicisporites tricornitatus (Weyland and Greifeld) Kuching Couper 3. Age : Upper Cretaceous to Lower Cicatricosisporites sp. cf. C. dorogensis (Potonie & Eocene Gelletich) Couper 4. References : Kho (1965), Muller (1968), Tan Distaverrusporites margaritatus Muller

86 CENOZOIC Distaverrusporites simplex Muller Pediastrum paleogeneites Wilson & Hoffmeister Matonisporites equiexinus Couper pelecypod Polypodiaceoisporites retirugatus Muller Cardium cf. eduliforme Boettger Alisporites similis (Balme) Dettman Cardium cf. subfragile Boettger Araucariacites australis Cookson ?Cytherea suessonensis Deshayes Caytonipollenites pallidus (Reissinger) Couper Nucula cf. studeri d’Archiac Classopollis sp. cf. C. classoides Pflug emend. Pocock Ostrea sp. indet. & Jansonius plant Ephedripites jansonii (Pocock) Muller silicified fossil wood Ephedripites multicostatus Brenner radiolaria Ephedripites ovalis Muller Adelocyrtis? sp. Ephedripites sp. cf. E. jansonii (Pocock) Muller Cenosphaera sp. Ephedripites type D Cerasosphaera sp. Ginkgocycadophytus nitidus (Balme) de Jersey Dicolocapsa sp. Inaperturopollenites scabratus Muller Dictyocephalus? sp. Pinuspollenites sp. cf. P. spherisaccus Brenner Dictyomitra sp. Rugubivesiculites reductus Pierce Dorysphaera sp. Zonalapollenites sp. Heterosestrum? sp. Anacolosidites sp. Lophoconus sp. Aquilapollenites wilfordi Muller Melitosphaera sp. Dactylopollis magnificus Muller Stylostaurus sp. Dicolpopollis elegans Muller 13. Env. of deposition : Fluviatile-deltaic-estuarine Dicolpopollis malesianus Muller environment Discoidites borneensis Muller 14. Remarks : Had been earlier referred as part Echistephanoporites obscurus Muller of Plateau Sandstone. Had also Echitriporites irregularis Muller been named Kayan sandstone and Echitriporites trianguliformis van Hoeken-Klinkenberg Penrissen sandstone. Tan (1993) Gemmatricolpites pergemmatus Muller redefined the Kayan sandstone Myrtaceidites sp. and considered the previously Proxapertites cursus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg described ‘Plateau Sandstone’ in Proxapertites operculatus van der Hammen the Santubong peninsula, Kayan Psilatricolpites kayanensis Muller basin, Samunsan Valley and the Psilatricolporites acuticostatus Muller Bungo Range, all in west Psilatricolporites prolatus Pierce Sarawak, to belong to the ‘Kayan Psilodiporites wolfendeni Muller sandstone’. Retitricolpites peroblatus Muller Retitricolpites sarawakensis Muller C17. Retitricolpites vulgaris Pierce 1. Name : Julan Formation Retitricolporites crucipori Muller 2. Origin of name : Sungai Julan, Usun Apau area, Retitricolporites semistriatus Muller interior Central Sarawak Retitriporites aspidopori Muller 3. Age : Upper to Eocene Paleocene Retitriporites variabilis Muller 4. References : Banda (1989), Banda & Aji (1986) Rugulitriporites vestibulipori Muller 5. Type area : Sapotaceoidaepollenites robustus Muller 6. Type section : Along Sungai Julan, Usun Apau Spinizonocolpites baculatus Muller area, interior Central Sarawak Spinizonocolpites echinatus Muller 7. Boundaries : Striatricolporites conspicuus Muller 8. Correlation : Striatricolporites minor Muller 9. Thickness : ± 500 to 2,000 m Triorites festatus (Takahashi) Muller 10. Lithology : Chaotic assemblage of Triorites minutipori Muller predominantly broken and tightly Triorites tenuiexinis Muller folded beds of shale and Verrutriporites lunduensis Muller sandstone, and minor limestone, other palynomorph basalt and gabbro occurring Exesipollenites tumulus Balme

87 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA mainly as blocks embedded in a C18. dark-brown mudstone matrix. 1. Name : Mulu Formation 11. Subdivisions : 2. Origin of name : After Gunung Mulu, north 12. Fossils : Sarawak algae 3. Age : Paleocene to ?Lower Eocene foraminifera 4. References : Haile (1962), Liechti et al. (1960) Aktinocyclina sp. 5. Type area : Alveolina (Glomalveolina) cf. primaeva Reichel 6. Type section : The Tutoh Gorge and the Alveolina (Alveolina.) spp. Medalam River sections in north Ammobaculites sp. Sarawak. Ammobaculites sp. 7. Boundaries : The Mulu Massif is completely Anomalina sp. surrounded by the younger Setap Asterocyclina sp. Shale and Melinau Limestone Bathysiphon sp. Formations. The top boundary Bolivina sp. with the Setap Shale Formation is Cibicides sp. vague and transitional. With the Cyclammina caminatum (Cushman & Renz) base of the main Melinau Daviesina sp. Limestone Formation, locally the Discocyclina spp. boundary is clean-cut, i.e. perfect Distichoplax biserialis conformity, while there is clear Distichoplax sp. unconformity with the Epistominella pulchella (Husezima & Marukasi) transgressive basal conglomerate Fabularia sp. of the Selidong Limestone. Florilus asanoi (Whittaker & Hodgkinson) 8. Correlation : The formation is the rock- Globotruncana sp. stratigraphic and largely also the Globrotalia volascoensis Cushman time-stratigraphic equivalent of Glomospira charoids (Jones & Parker) the Belaga and Kelalan Glumbelina sp. Formations. Haplophragmoides sp. 9. Thickness : ± 3,900 to 5,400 m (Leichti et al., Haplophragmoides sp. 1960) and 4,500 to 5,400 m Haplophragmoides walteri (Graybowski) (Shepherd,1954 in Haile, 1962). Hasteriginella sp. 10. Lithology : Succession of thick monotonous Linderina sp. submetarmorphic shales and slates Miliolids sp. with subordinate or, towards the Miscellanea sp. south, predominant, hard Nummulites sp. sandstones and occasional Operculina sp. conglomeratic sandstones. Opertorbitolites cf. dovillei Nuttal 11. Subdivisions : Pallatispira sp. 12. Fossils : Psammosiphonella carapitana (Hedberg) foraminifera Rotalia sp. ?Haplophragmoides 19 Spirochyprus sp. Discocyclina sp. Textularia aggutinans (d’Orbigny) Globorotalia 11 Trifarion bradyl (Cushman) Globorotalia wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton Trochammina pacifica (Cushman) Nummulites sp. Trochammina sp. Trochamminoides 3 Trochammina umiatensis Tappan 13. Env. of deposition : Most likely deposited under 13. Env. of deposition : Deep marine. The original bathyal conditions. environment of deposition of the 14. Remarks : Was earlier described under Mulu broken beds and blocks varies Slates and Quartzites and later on from shallow to deep marine. as Mulu Series. 14. Remarks : Initially named Chaotic Assemblage by Banda & Aji (1986).

88 CENOZOIC C19. Gypsina globulus (Reuss) 1. Name : Kelalan Formation Halkyardia bikiniensis Cole 2. Origin of name : Sungai Kelalan, north Sarawak Hantkenina dumblei Weinzierl & Applin 3. Age : Paleocene to early Upper Eocene Miscellanea ?stampi Davies 4. References : Haile (1962), Liechti et al. (1960) Miscellanea miscella d’Archiac & Haime 5. Type area : Nummulites nuttalli Davies 6. Type section : Along Sungai Kelalan, the main Nummulites sp. tributary of the Sungai Trusan, Operculina sp. north Sarawak. Pseudophragmina sp. 7. Boundaries : The formation is the northern Textularia 44 strike continuation of the Belaga 13. Env. of deposition : Conditions varying from outer Formation (Pelagus and Kapit neritic to bathyal. Members). To the north the 14. Remarks : Earlier termed the Kelalan Series formation continues into the West (Jordi & Wijkhuizen, 1955 in Crocker Formation of the Crocker Liechti et al., 1960). Range of North Borneo. The base of the formation is nowhere C19.1. exposed in northern Sarawak. The 1. Name : Temala member top boundary with the Setap Shale 2. Origin of name : Sungai Temala, Bahagian Miri Formation is somewhat 3. Age : Middle to Upper Eocene problematic. 4. References : Haile (1962), Liechti et al. (1960) 8. Correlation : Rock stratigraphic, and largely 5. Type area : Sg. Temala section south- also time-stratigraphic to Belaga southeast of Batu Gading (Baram Formation (excluding the Layar Valley) Member) and the Mulu Formation 6. Type section : of Sarawak, and the West Crocker 7. Boundaries : Formation of Sabah. 8. Correlation : 9. Thickness : ± 3,500 m (Liechti et al., 1960) 9. Thickness : The exposed thickness estimated and ? 3,000- 6,000 m (Haile, approx. 900 m. 1962) 10. Lithology : Succession of clay-shales with 10. Lithology : Comprises mainly sandstone and intercalations of massive or thick shale, with subordinate limestone, bedded slightly calcareous tuffite and tuffaceous limestone, sandstones and some limestones. the shale-sandstone showing slight 11. Subdivisions : degree of metamorphism. The 12. Fossils : sandstones range from massive, algae thick to thinly bedded. foraminifera 11. Subdivisions : Temala member Discocyclina sp. 12. Fossils : Nummulites sp. algal 13. Env. of deposition : debris 14. Remarks : Differs from the main Kelalan foraminifera Formation in its higher calcareous Alveolina (Flosculina) globosa Leymerie content and slighter folding. Alveolina sp. Assilina sp. C20. Chiloguembelina spp. Cyclammina 15 1. Name : Lubok Antu Mélange Discocyclina sp. 2. Origin of name : Lubok Antu town, Lupar Valley, Eorupertia sp. Bahagian Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez 3. Age : Matrix indicate Lower Tertiary Globigerina spp. age, most probably Lower Eocene Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960), Tan (1979), Globorotalia spp. Tan (1982) 5. Type area : Lupar Valley. Well exposed along

89 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA the Lubok Antu Road from Km Globorotalia rex Martin 21.7 south to Lubok Antu town. Gumbelina sp. 6. Type section : Haplophragmoides sp. 7. Boundaries : The base of the mélange is not Hastigerina micra (Cole) exposed, the contact between the Hormosina sp. two units is probably faulted or Lagena sp. sheared. The top of the mélange Lagenammina sp. is in sheared, faulted contact with Lenticulina sp. the Silantek Formation. Nonion japonicum Asano 8. Correlation : Tate (1991) correlate the Kapuas Nonion sp. Complex in Kalimantan as Operculina spp. equivalent of the Lubok Antu Praeglobolulimina pupoides (d’Orbigny) Mélange Belt. Praeglobolulimina sp. 9. Thickness : Psammosiphonella cylindrica (Glaessner) 10. Lithology : Composed of fragments and Psammosiphonella sp. blocks, ranging from a few cm to Quinqueloculina spp. a few km in maximum dimension, Rectoglandulina laevigata (d’Orbigny) of mudstone, shale, sandstone, Semivulvulina sp. chert, hornfels, basalt and gabbro Sigmoilina sp. and their metamorphosed Sigmoilopsis schlumbergeri (Silvestri) equivalents, limestone, and Silicosigmoilina miocenica Brouwer serpentinite in a highly cleaved, Textularia sp. pervasively sheared, chloritised, Trifarina sp. grey to dark grey pelitic matrix. Trochammina cf. pacifica (Cushman) 11. Subdivisions : Trochammina renzi Brouwer 12. Fossils : Those identified in the matrix is Trochammina sp. described first, followed by fossils Usbekistania sp. found in the mélange blocks. Verneila sp. In mélange matrix (Lower Eocene): Vulvulina sp. foraminifera nannofossil Ammobaculites spp. Birkelundia staurion Ammodiscus spp. Braarudosphaera bigelowi Amphistigina spp. Chiasmolithus cf. C. formosa Angulogerina sp. Chiasmolithus gammation Anomalina sp. Chiasmolithus sp. Bathysiphon sp. Cribrosphaerella ehrenbergi Bolivina sp. Discoaster binodosus Bolivinita sp. Discoaster distinctus Bulimina sp. Discoaster kuepperi Cibicides sp. Discoaster lodoensis Clavulina sp. Discoaster sp. Cribrostomoides sp. Ericsonia ovalis Dentalina sp. Marthasterites contortus Eggerella sp. Micrantholithus sp. Gaudryina sp. Neochiastozygus sp. Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny Prediscosphaera cretacea Globigerina gravelli Bronnimann Prinsiaceae sp. Globigerina linaperta Finlay Sphenolithus radians Globigerina ?soldadoensis Bronnimann Sphenolithus sp. Globorotalia aragonensis Nuttall Thoracosphaera sp. Globorotalia cf. broedermanni Cushman & Bermudez Zygrhablithus bijugatus Globorotalia cf. formosa Bolli In mélange block (sandy siltstone - Upper Cretaceous): Globorotalia gracilis Bolli foraminifera Globorotalia palmarae Cushman & Bermudez Orbitolina cf. discoidea Gras

90 CENOZOIC Orbitolina lenticularis (Blumenbach) Ammobaculites sp. Orbitolina spp. Ammodiscus glabratus Cushman & Jarvis In mélange block (chert - Upper Jurassic to Lower Cre- Ammodiscus sp. taceous): Bolivina sp. radiolaria Cibicides sp. Acanthocircus dicranocanthos (Squinabol) Clavulina sp. Acanthocircus sp. aff. A. fossilis (Parona) Discorbis spp. Alievium sp. A. of Pessagno Eggerella bradyi (Cushman) Archaeodictyomitra apiarium (Rust) Eggerella sp. Archaeodictyomitra vulgaris Pessagno Gaudryina sp. Archaeodictyomitra sp. Globigerina ?collactea (Finlay) Crucella sp. Globigerina ?senni (Beckmann) Pantanellium corriganensis Pessagno Globigerina ?soldadoensis Bronnimann Pantanellium n. sp. Globigerina linaperta Finlay Pantanellium sp. cf. P. riedeli Globorotalia ?broedermanni Cushman & Bermudez Paronaella sp. Globorotalia aragonensis Nuttall Parvacingula boesii Parona Globorotalia cf. broedermanni Cushman & Bermudez Parvacingula citae Pessagno Globorotalia gracilis Bolli Parvacingula sp. Globorotalia palmerae Cushman & Bermudez Parvacingula sp. cf. P. citae Pessagno Haplophragmoides sp. Podobursa triacantha Hastigerina micra (Cole) Pseudodictyomitra sp. Hastigerina micra (Cole) Spongocapsula n. sp. Heterolepa sp. Thanarla conica (Aliev) Lagena sp. Xitus n. sp. Lenticulina sp. Xitus sp. Loxostoma sp. Zifondium sp. Marginulina sp. In mélange block (limestone - Upper Paleocene to Nonion japonicum Asano Middle Eocene): Osangularia culter (Parker & Jones) algae Praeglobolulimina pupoides (d’Orbigny) bryozoa Praeglobolulimina pupoides (d’Orbigny) coral Psammosiphonella carapitana (Hedberg) Actinacis sp. Psammosiphonella spp. echinoid Sigmoilina spp. foraminifera Spirosigmoilinella sp. Actinacis sp. Textularia sp. ?Archaeolithothamnium sp. Trochammina renzi (Cushman) Caulastrea sp. cf. Calamophyllia indica Duncan Trochammina sp. Discocyclina cf. ramaraoi Samanta Uvigerina proboscidea Schwager Distichoplax biserialis (Dietrich) Pia Uvigerina sp. ?Globigerina sp. nannofossil Globorotalia sp. indet. Chiasmolithus cf. neogammation Globotruncana sp. Discoaster kuepperi Halimeda sp. Discoaster lodoensis Miliola sp. Ericsonia cava ?Nummulites sp. Ericsonia formosa ?Pseudocyclammina sp. Ericsonia ovalis Rotalia sp. Micrantholithus sp. ?Stylina sp. ?Pontosphaera segmenta gastropod Prinsiaceae sp. ?radiolaria Sphenolithus sp. In mélange block (calcareous shale, siltstone and sand- In mélange block [agglomerate (volcanic conglomer- stone - Lower Eocene) ate?) - Upper Jurassic or Lower Cretaceous]: foraminifera foraminifera

91 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Pseudocyclammina sp. echinoid 13. Env. of deposition : The matrix indicate that the foraminifera original sediments were deposited ?Alveolina sp. in a marine inner neritic Aktinocyclina alticostata Nuttall environment. Aktinocyclina sp. 14. Remarks : Earlier named ‘ Beds’, Alveolina sp? later as ‘Engkilili Formation’ by Ammobaculites sp. Leichti et al. (1960). Tan (1979) Ammodiscus sp. introduced the term Lubok Antu Amphistegina sp. Mélange, and interpreted to be Angulogerina sp. derived by tectonic processes Anomalina spp. which mark the site of an old Assilina sp. subduction zone, probably fossil Asterigerina sp Benioff zone. Bathysiphon spp. Biplanispira sp. C21. Bolivina spp. Bolivinita sp. 1. Name : Tatau formation Bulimina spp. 2. Origin of name : After Tatau area, central Sarawak Buliminella sp. 3. Age : Upper Eocene to Oligocene Cassidulina spp. 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960), Wolfenden Cerratobulimina spp. (1960) Chilostomelloides sp. 5. Type area : The Sap-Saparai locality,Tatau, Cibicides spp. central Sarawak Clavulina spp. 6. Type section : Cristellaria spp. 7. Boundaries : The top boundary of the Tatau Cyclammina sp. formation is a gradual transition Discocyclina sp. into the overlying Buan formation. Discorbis sp. 8. Correlation : Eorupertia sp. 9. Thickness : ± 2,500 to 3,000 m Eponides spp. 10. Lithology : Succession of sandstones, Fabiania cf. saipanensis Cole argillaceous sandstones, siltstones Fabiania sp. and shales with intercalations of Gaudryina spp. marls, limestones and locally Globigerina cf. dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez developed conglomerate. Acid Globigerina cf. increbescens Bandy volcanics occurred at cetain Globigerina micra Cole localities. Wolfenden (1960) Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez indicate that the volcanic rocks are Globorotalia cf. centralis Cushman & Bermudez rhyolite and andesite lavas. Globorotalia cerroazulensis Cole 11. Subdivisions : The Sap Marl member. There is Globorotalia cf. cerroazulensis Cole no subdivision of the Tatau Glomospira sp. formation in Wolfenden (1960). Gumbelina sp. 12. Fossils : Fossils from the Tatau formation Gypsina globulus (Reuss) of Wolfenden (1960) are also Gypsina sp. included in the list below. Gyroidina spp. algae (red & green) Halkyardia cf. minima (Liebus) Archaeolithothamnion sp. Hantkenina cf. alabamensis Cushman Corallina spp. Hantkenina sp. Halimeda sp. Haplophragmoides sp. Lithothamnion sp. Heterostegina sp. Lithophyllum sp. Lagena spp. Lithoporella melobesioides Foslie Marginulina sp. Mesophyllum sp? Neoalveolina sp. coral Nodosaria spp.

92 CENOZOIC Nummulites absurda (Doornink) 9. Thickness : In the Tatau area is about 180 m Nummulites cf. javanus Verbeek, A & B forms 10. Lithology : Very hard calcareous, dark-grey to Nummulites kelatensis (Carter?) Douville black marls Nummulites subglobula Doornink 11. Subdivisions : Nummulites spp. 12. Fossils : Nummuloculina sp? foraminifera Operculina sp. Globigerina cf. dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez Pellatispira crassicolumnata Umbgrove Globigerina cf. increbescens Bandy Pellatispira inflata Umbgrove Globorotalia cf. centralis Cushman & Bermudez Pellatispira cf. glabra Umbgrove Globorotalia cf. cerroazulensis Cole Pellatispira madaraszi von Hantken var. provalei Yabe Hantkenina sp. Pellatispira spp. 13. Env. of deposition : Neritic Planulina spp. 14. Remarks : Pleurostomella spp. Pullenia sp. C22. Quinqueloculina spp. 1. Name : Kelabit formation Reussella sp. 2. Origin of name : Kelabit Highlands, Bahagian Miri Rotalia sp. 3. Age : Lower Oligocene to Lower Sigmoilina spp. Miocene Siphogenerina sp. 4. References : Haile (1962), Liechti et al. (1960) Siphonina sp. 5. Type area : Type locality for the massive basal Spiroclypeus cf. vermicularis Tan Sin Hock sandstones is the Tamabo (Tama Spiroclypeus sp. Abu) Range, north Sarawak. Spiroplectammina sp. 6. Type section : Textularia spp. 7. Boundaries : Tubulogenerina sp. 8. Correlation : In part a time equivalent of the Uvigerina spp. Setap Shale Formation. gastropod 9. Thickness :At least several hundreds meters 13. Env. of deposition : In the Arip-Pelagau area a fully 10. Lithology : Comprises mudstone, sandstone, marine, probably inner-neritic and thin lenses of impure environment at the base gradually limestone, some lignite and rare gave way to littoral, and conglomerate. temporarily even continental. 11. Subdivisions : None After this regressive phase the area 12. Fossils : probably subsided to give neritic foraminifera conditions. Ammobaculites? sp. 14. Remarks : The greater part of the formation Ammodiscus sp. was formerly included in the Anomalina sp. Rajang Group and partly in the Arenobulimina sp. Bintulu Group. Asterigerina? sp. Bolivina sp. aff. B. beyrichi Reuss C21.1. Bulimina ovata d’Orbigny 1. Name : Sap Marl member Cassidulina? sp. 2. Origin of name : Sap-Saparai locality, Tatau, Chilostomella sp. central Sarawak Cibicides spp. 3. Age : Eocene to Oligocene Clavulina sp. 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960) Cristellaria sp. 5. Type area : Tatau (Sap-Saparai) area Cyclammina sp. 6. Type section : Dentalina? sp. 7. Boundaries : In the Tatau (Sap-Saparai) area the Dorothia? sp. member forms the base of the Ellipsoglandulina sp. Tatau formation Eponides umbonatus (Reuss) 8. Correlation : Eponides sp.

93 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Gaudryina sp. Buan, a right tributary of the Globigerina ampliapertura Bolli Sungai Tatau, central Sarawak. Globigerinoides trilobus (Reuss)? 6. Type section : Globoquadrina venezuelana (Hedberg) 7. Boundaries : Conformably overlies the Tatau Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez Formation in the Tatau and Arip- Glomospira sp. Pelagau Areas. Unconformably Gyroidina sp. overlies the Metah Member of the Haplophragmoides sp. Belaga Formation in the upper Hormosina sp. Kakus River. Conformable top Lagenammina sp. boundary with the Biban Nodosaria sp. Sandstone Member of the Nyalau Nonion? sp. aff. N. advena (Cushman) Formation. Nonionella? sp. 8. Correlation : Nummulites sp. 9. Thickness : ± 600 to 900 m Operculina sp. 10. Lithology : A clastic succession of shales and Plectina sp. clay-shales alternating with Pleurostomella sp. argillaceous siltstones and thin Pullenio sp. sandstones. Reophax sp. 11. Subdivisions : Robulus spp. 12. Fossils : Rotalia sp. foraminifera Stilostomella? sp. Ammobaculites spp. Textularia sp. Bathysiphon sp. Trochammina sp. Cristellaria sp. Trochamminoides sp. Cyclammina spp. Uvigerina sp. Gaudryina spp. Vaginulina spp. aff. V. mexicana Nuttall Haplophragmoides spp. Verneuilina sp. Hormosina spp. Verneuilina? (or Gaudryina?) sp. juv. Textularia sp. Vulvulina sp. Trochammina spp. radiolaria Trochamminoides sp. Cenosphaera sp. 13. Env. of deposition : Probably inner neritic. Dicolocapsa sp. 14. Remarks : The earlier term ‘Buan Group’ Dictyomitra sp. (created by Boer & Milroy in Dorysphaera sp. 1952) comprised the Muput and Melitosphaera sp. Biban Formations. The ‘Muput ?Stichopera sp. Formation’ is renamed as the Buan Stylosphaera sp. Formation, the ‘Biban’ is renamed 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow open marine as the ‘Biban sandstone member’ 14. Remarks : The formation name was proposed of the Nyalau Formation (Liechti by Haile (in Liechti et al., 1960). et al., 1960). It was previously included in the Kelalan Formation (Liechti et al., C24. 1960). 1. Name : Nyalau Formation 2. Origin of name : Sungai Nyalau, Bahagian Bintulu. C23. 3. Age : Oligocene to Miocene (Liechti et 1. Name : Buan formation al., 1960), Miocene (Haile, 1962), 2. Origin of name : Sungai Buan, Tatau area, central Upper Oligocene to Upper Sarawak Miocene (Kho, 1968) 3. Age : Oligocene 4. References : Haile (1962), Kho (1968), Liechti 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960), Wolfenden et al. (1960), Wolfenden (1960) (1960) 5. Type area : The Sabulong-Selungun area 5. Type area : The Bukit Buan area with Sungai (Liechti et al., 1960), and hills

94 CENOZOIC behind the coast from Tanjong Asterigina sp. Kidurong to Kuala Nyalau (Haile, Austrotrillina howchini (Schlumberger) 1962) Bathysiphon sp. 6. Type section : Sungai Sabulong, northeast of Cibicides 3A Tanjong Kidurong, Bahagian Cibicides spp. Bintulu. Cyclammina sp. 7. Boundaries : Conformable basal boundary with Cycloclypeus sp. the underlying Buan formation. Elphidium sp. Locally unconformable on Tatau Eulepidina sp. formation. In the Tatau-Anap-Arip Eponides sp. area the basal boundary between Globigerina sp. the Buan and Nyalau formations Glomospira sp. is a rapid transition from a largely Guttulina sp. argillaceous to a more arenaceous Gypsina sp. lithology. In the Tubau Valley and Haplophragmoides sp. Sungai Jeladong area, the Nyalau Heterostegina borneensis (van der Vlerk) Formation rests on the Heterostegina sp. argillaceous Tubau formation. In Hormosina sp. the Jelalong Valley (upper Lepidocyclina angulosa Provale Kemena) the formation rests Lepidocyclina atuberculata (van der Vlerk) conformably on Setap Shale Lepidocyclina borneensis Provale Formation. The top boundary Lepidocyclina formosa Schlumberger (including the Kakus Member) is Lepidocyclina isolepidinoides van der Vlerk generally an erosional surface, but Lepidocyclina sp. in the Suai and Koyan headwaters, Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) spp. the formation is overlain Marginulina sp. conformably by Belait Formation. Miliammina sp. 8. Correlation : Essentially rock-stratigraphic Miogypsina sp. equivalents of the Setap Shale, the Miogypsinoides de haartii van der Vlerk Tangap formation, part of the Miogypsinoides ubaghsi (Tan Sin Hock) Buan formation, the entire Tubau Miogypsinoides cf. bantamensis Tan formation and Sibuti Formation. Neoalveolina pygmaea Hanzawa 9. Thickness : ± 3,000 to 5,500 m (Liechti et al., Nonion sp. 1960), exposed thickness of ± 800 Nonionella sp. to 1,200 m (Haile, 1962) Nummulites cf. absurda Doornink 10. Lithology : Succession of hard, fine-grained, Nummulites divina Doornink argillaceous, often calcareous, Nummulites cf. intermedia (d’Archiac) sandstones, in alternation with all Nummulites sp. possible gradations to shale and Operculina pyramidum (Ehrenberg) clay, and commonly lignitic. Operculina cf. pyramidum (Ehrenberg) Sandy foraminiferal limestone Operculina sp. lentils, and also limestone breccias Quinqueloculina spp. consisting of gastropods, Rotalia sp. lamellibranchs, and larger Sigmoilina sp. foraminifera occur frequently. Spiroclypeus sp. 11. Subdivisions : The Biban Sandstone Member and Spiroclypeus tidunganensis van der Vlerk the Kakus member Textularia spp. 12. Fossils : Trochammina sp. algae Valvulina sp. echinoderm gastropod foraminifera bivalve Ammobaculites sp. plant Ammodiscus sp. remains Amphistegina sp. 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine (littoral to inner

95 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA neritic) conditions which Miogypsina sp. developed upwards into paralic Nummulites cf. absurda Doornink conditions. Nummulites divina Doornink 14. Remarks : The name Nyalau is retained Nummulites sp. although the formation is no Operculina sp. longer referred to Sungai Nyalau Spiroclypeus sp. as type section. Previously the 13. Env. of deposition : Littoral to inner neritic Nyalau Formation was included, 14. Remarks : Haile (1962) does not differentiate together with the Tubau the Biban Sandstone Member but formation, in the Setap Group. mapped as undifferentiated Nyalau Formation. Kho (1968) C24.1 described the Biban Sandstone Member to include the abandoned 1. Name : Biban Sandstone Member ‘Muput Formation’ of the ‘Buan 2. Origin of name : Group’. 3. Age : Oligocene to Lower Miocene 4. References : Haile (1962), Kho (1968), Liechti et al. (1960) C24.2 5. Type area : Pandan-Kakus Area (Tatau- 1. Name : Kakus member Bintulu) 2. Origin of name : Kakus area, Bahagian Bintulu 6. Type section : Sungai Sabulong, northeast of 3. Age : Oligocene? to Miocene Tanjong Kidurong 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960) 7. Boundaries : Conformable on the Buan 5. Type area : formation. The upper boundary 6. Type section : with the overlying Kakus member 7. Boundaries : is transitional. 8. Correlation : 8. Correlation : 9. Thickness : ± 1,500 m. 9. Thickness : ± 3,600-4,000 m (Liechti et al., 10. Lithology : Successions of sandstone and 1960), > 1,500 m (Kho, 1968) laminated clay with lignite seams. 10. Lithology : Consists of hard, well bedded, fine 11. Subdivisions : to medium grained sandstones 12. Fossils : with subordinate argillaceous or foraminifera silty intercalations; a few layers Ammobaculites sp. are slightly calcareous. Kho Glomospira sp. (1968) indicate the presence of 3.5 Trochammina sp. m limestone bed in the Bintulu 13. Env. of deposition : Shallower than the Biban area, in the headwaters of the Sandstone Member. Rerik tributary of Sungai Binai. 14. Remarks : 11. Subdivisions : 12. Fossils : C25. algae 1. Name : Meligan Formation bryozoa 2. Origin of name : Meligan Range, north Sarawak foraminifera 3. Age : Miocene Ammobaculites sp. 4. References : Haile (1962), Liechti et al. (1960) Austrotrillina howchini (Schlumberger) 5. Type area : The formation is restricted to the Bathysiphon sp. large synclinal basins (eg. Pasia Cyclammina sp. Syncline, Kanayah Syncline, Ulu Cycloclypeus sp. Meligan-Pulun Syncline and Haplophragmoides sp. others) of the Ulu Limbang-Ulu Heterostegina cf. borneensis van der Vlerk Trusan-Ulu Padas area extending Heterostegina sp. from northern Sarawak into Lepidocyclina (Eullepidina) spp. Sabah. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) spp. 6. Type section : The Limbang Gorge, north Lepidocyclina sp.

96 CENOZOIC Sarawak, between Long Layat and area Long Kaya and a section across 6. Type section : Along Sungai Madalam, north of the Meligan Syncline and the Gunung Melinau, north Sarawak. Pasia syncline from Long Slobang 7. Boundaries : The rock and time stratigraphic to the Ulu Sepatar. position is between the top of the 7. Boundaries : The base of the formation is Kelalan or Mulu Formations and generally conformable with the the base of the Setap Shale underlying Setap Shale Formation Formation. The contact with the 8. Correlation : overlying Setap Shale Formation 9. Thickness : ± 3,000 m is generally conformable. The 10. Lithology : A predominantly arenaceous boundary is usually a rapid but formation composed mainly of well defined transition, limestone massive sandstone, with passing up through sandy subordinate intercalations of shale limestone and marl into non- and thin layers of quarzitic calcareous shale. sandstone. 8. Correlation : 11. Subdivisions : 9. Thickness : See various subdivisions 12. Fossils : 10. Lithology : Comprises biohermal limestones foraminifera with little or no clastic admixture, Ammobaculites sp. massive or thick bedded and Austrotrillina howchini (Schlumberger) mainly light grey in colour. Bathysiphon sp. Calcarenites predominate, but Cyclammina sp. calcilutites also occur and marls Globigerinoides sp. are rarely intercalated. Globoquadrina altispira (Cushman & Jarvis) 11. Subdivisions : The following limestones are Globorotalia cf. mayeri Cushman & Ellisor included in the formation; Heterostegina sp. Melinau limestone, Keramit Hormosina sp. limestone and marls, Selidong Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) cf. bridgei Schlumberger limestone, Batu Gading limestone Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) cf. formosa Schlumberger and Tujoh-Siman limestone. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) sp. 12. Fossils : Lepidocyclina cf. inflata Provale algae Lepidocyclina cf. richthofeni Smith bryozoa Miogypsina sp. coral Miogypsinoides de haarti van der Vlerk foraminifera Nephrolepidina sp. Aktinocyclina sp. Trochammina spp. Alveolina sp. 13. Env. of deposition : Very shallow marine to paralic Amphistegina sp. towards the top. Austrotrillina howchini (Schlumberger) 14. Remarks : Borelis pygmaeus Hanzawa Chapmania sp. C26. Cycloclypeus sp. Discocyclina spp. 1. Name : Melinau Limestone Formation Eorupertia plecte (Chapman) 2. Origin of name : Gunong Melinau, north Sarawak Eulinderina sp. 3. Age : Upper Eocene to Lower Miocene Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez 4. References : Haile (1962), Liechti et al. (1960) Globigerinoides index Finlay 5. Type area : Type locality is Gunong Melinau, Globigerinoides orbiformis Cole on the northwest-flank of Gunong Gypsina spp. Mulu, north Sarawak (Liechti et Halkyardia bikiniensis Cole al., 1960), while Haile’s (1962) Halkyardia sp. type locality is in the Melinau Hantkenina dumblei Weinzierl & Applin tributary of the Tutoh immediately Heterostegina cf. helvetica to the north of the Suai-Baram Heterostegina sp.

97 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) spp. the Mulu Formation. At the top, Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) spp. fairly well bedded brownish-grey Lepidocyclina butonensis van der Vlerk sandy limestones occur, often with Lepidocyclina isolepidinoides van der Vlerk nodules of very calcareous Lepidocyclina papuaensis Chapman sandstone. Lepidocyclina sp. 11. Subdivisions : Linderina burgesi (Schlumberger) 12. Fossils : Linderina sp algae Miogypsinoides sp. bryozoa Miogypsinoides ubaghsi Tan Sin Hok coral Neoalveolina pygmaea Hanzawa foraminifera Neoalveolina spp. Austrotrillina howchini (Schlumberger) Nummulites cf. globulus Leymerie Discocyclina spp. Nummulites cf. saipanensis Cole Heterostegina sp. Nummulites javanus Verbeek Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) spp. Nummulites sp. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) spp. Operculina sp. Lepidocyclina papuaensis Chapman Pellatispira crassicolumnata Umbgrove Miogypsinoides ubaghsi Tan Sin Hok Pellatispira madaraszi Hantken Neoalveolina pygmaea Hanzawa Pellatispira sp. Neoalveolina spp. Rupertia sp. Nummulites spp. Spiroclypeus spp. Pellatispira sp. Spiroclypeus vermicularis Tan Sin Hok Rupertia sp. 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine. Spiroclypeus spp. 14. Remarks : Spiroclypeus vermicularis Tan Sin Hok 13. Env. of deposition : C26.1. 14. Remarks : 1. Name : Melinau limestone 2. Origin of name : Gunong Melinau, north Sarawak C26.2. 3. Age : Eocene to Miocene 1. Name : Keramit limestone and marls 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960) 2. Origin of name : 5. Type area : Type locality occupies about 200 3. Age : Eocene to Miocene sq. km (77 sq. mi.) in the 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960) northwest-flank of the Mulu 5. Type area : Small anticlinal core in the middle Mountains. Limbang Valley. Extent is about 6. Type section : 0.25 sq. km (25 hectares). 7. Boundaries : Overlies the Mulu Formation in 6. Type section : perfect conformity. Reworking of 7. Boundaries : The base of the Keramit limestone limestone fragments into the basal and marls is not exposed. Setap Shale Formation at the top 8. Correlation : of the Melinau limestone. 9. Thickness : ± 50 m. 8. Correlation : 10. Lithology : A hard, greyish-yellow, massive 9. Thickness : North end ± 480-850 m, south end biohermal limestone (calcarenite), ± 1,700-2,200 m occasionally built up by zoogene 10. Lithology : Limestone with algae, bryozoa, detritus, alternating with cream large and small foraminifera, with coloured Globigerina limestone a few corals. The lithology is (calcilutite). Larger foraminifera, rather uniform, the only variations Globigerinidae, Miliolidae, algae occur at the base and the top. The and occassionally corals, make up base is formed of a distinctive, red the rock. weathering, black shaly limestone The Keramit marls are red, with larger foraminifera, grading yellowish or greenish shale, badly down into calcareous sandstone of jointed and locally crushed. Some

98 CENOZOIC dark clay with interbedded and boulder conglomerate of shale sandstone has been observed. and sandstone in a marly 11. Subdivisions : calcareous matrix. The top 12. Fossils : consists of grey, massive algae limestone, poorly bedded, with coral intercalations of sand streaks and foraminifera stringers of chert fragments. Aktinocyclina sp. 11. Subdivisions : Alveolina sp. 12. Fossils : Austrotrillina howchini (Schlumberger) foraminifera Chapmania sp. Amphistegina sp. Cycloclypeus sp. Austrotrillina howchini (Schlumberger) Discocyclina spp. Cycloclypeus sp. Eulinderina sp. Discocyclina spp. Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez Globigerina spp. Globigerinoides index Finlay Globorotalia spp. Globigerinoides orbiformis Cole Heterostegina sp. Halkyardia sp. Heterostegina sp. Hantkenina dumblei Weinzierl & Applin Lepidocyclina isolepidinoides van der Vlerk Heterostegina cf. helvetica Lepidocyclina sp. Heterostegina sp. Miogypsinoides ubaghsi Tan Sin Hok Lepidocyclina isolepidinoides van der Vlerk Neoalveolina sp. Lepidocyclina sp. Nummulites sp. Linderina burgesi (Schlumberger) Pellatispira sp. Linderina sp Spiroclypeus sp. Miogypsinoides ubaghsi Tan Sin Hok 13. Env. of deposition : Neoalveolina sp. 14. Remarks : Nummulites sp. Pellatispira sp. C26.4. Spiroclypeus sp. 1. Name : Batu Gading limestone 13. Env. of deposition : 2. Origin of name : Batu Gading, Bahagian Miri 14. Remarks : One of the most fossiliferous rock 3. Age : Eocene to Miocene units in East Malaysia. 4. References : Adams (1958), Haile (1962), Liechti et al. (1960) C26.3. 5. Type area : Lens about 5 km long in the 1. Name : Selidong limestone Baram Valley below Long Lama. 2. Origin of name : Sungai Selidong, Bahagian 6. Type section : Limbang 7. Boundaries : Underlain by Kelalan Formation 3. Age : Eocene to Miocene (Temala Member). 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960) 8. Correlation : 5. Type area : Lens in the east-flank of the Mulu 9. Thickness : ± 45 m (Liechti et al., 1960), ± Massif with length of approx. 7 21-60 m (Haile, 1962) km. 10. Lithology : The basal Eocene part is made up 6. Type section : of dark grey to black sandy 7. Boundaries : Overlies the Mulu Formation with limestone, composed mainly of indication of a local disconformity Nummulites, algae, echinoid and or even unconformity. mollusc fragments, some 8. Correlation : specimens contain pyrite. These is 9. Thickness : ± 250-270 m succeeded by massive compact 10. Lithology : The base is made up of yellowish- limestone, typically pale grey, grey, shaly and sandy marls with which is also composed of reworked shales of the Mulu foraminifera (smaller than the Formation and grading into cobble large Nummulites in the basal

99 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA part), algae, and corals. The Globigerina cf. ciperoensis Bolli Miocene part at Batu Gading is Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez composed of limestone breccia Globigerina spp. overlain by bedded limestone. Globigerinoides spp. 11. Subdivisions : Globoquadrina venezuelana (Hedberg) var. 12. Fossils : The fossils are identified from Globorotalia mayeri Cushman & Ellisor Batu Gading, Bukit Besungai and Gypsina globulus (Reuss) Bukit Betok (Adams, 1958; Gypsina vesicularis (Parker & Jones) var discus Goes Adams and Haak ,1962; Johnson, Gypsina cf. globulus (Reuss) 1962; and Leichti et al., 1960). Gypsina spp. algae Halkyardia bikiniensis Cole Archaeolithothamnium nummuliticum (Gumbel) Heterostegina borneensis van der Vlerk Rothpletz Heterostegina spp. Archaeolithothamnium cf. A. lugeoni Pfender Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) spp. Archaeolithothamnium cf. A. myriosporum Johnson Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) spp. Archaeolithothamnium sp. Lepidocyclina spp. Corallina spp. Miogypsinoides ? ubaghsi Tan Sin Hok Cymopolia saipania Johnson Miogypsinoides sp. Cymopolia sp. Neoalveolina pygmaea (Hanzawa) Dermatolithon sp. Nummulites javanus Verbeek Halimeda sp. Nummulites saipanensis Cole Jania vetus Johnson Nummulites cf. globulus Leymerie Jania spp. Nummulites cf. javanus Verbeek Lithophyllum besalotos Johnson Nummulites cf. saipanensis Cole Lithophyllum borneoense Johnson Nummulites cf. semiglobulus (Doornink) Lithophyllum prelichenoides Lemoine Nummulites javanus Verbeek Lithophyllum sarawakense Johnson Nummulites sp. Lithophyllum traceyi Johnson Operculina spp. Lithoporella melobesioides (Foslie) Foslie Pellatispira crassicolumnata Umbgrove Lithothamnium crispithallus Johnson Pellatispira madaraszi Hantken Lithothamnium marianae Johnson Pellatispira orbitoidea (Provale) Lithothamnium sp. Pellatispira cf. provaleae Yabe Melobesia cuboides Johnson Pellatispira spp. Melobesia cf. M. cuboides Johnson Planorbulinella sp. Mesophyllum vaughanii (Howe) Lemoine Spiroclypeus spp. Mesophyllum spp. Textularia sp. bryozoa mollusc coral 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow sea not deeper than 22- echinoid 30 m with short periods of foraminifera shallower water conditions. Aktinocyclina sp. 14. Remarks : Amphistegina sp. ?Assilina sp. C26.5. Austrotrillina howchini (Schlumberger) 1. Name : Tujoh-Siman limestone Borelis pygmaeus Hanzawa 2. Origin of name : Batu Tujoh and Bukit Siman, Borelis cf. pygmaeus Hanzawa Bahagian Miri Discocyclina cf. omphala (Fritsch) 3. Age : Eocene to Miocene Discocyclina spp. 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960) Eorupertia plecte (Chapman) 5. Type area : Eorupertia sp. 6. Type section : Eulepidina sp. 7. Boundaries : Fabiania sp. 8. Correlation : ?Fabiania sp. 9. Thickness : ± 300 m Globigerina binaiensis Koch

100 CENOZOIC 10. Lithology : Consists of massive biohermal foraminifera limestone similar to Melinau Ammobaculites spp. limestone. Ammodiscus sp. 11. Subdivisions : Amphistegina sp. 12. Fossils : Bathysiphon sp. foraminifera Bulimina sp. Amphistegina sp. Cristellaria sp. Lepidocyclina sp. Cyclammina sp. Miogypsinoides sp. Gaudryina sp. Operculina sp. Globigerina binaiensis Koch var. Spiroclypeus spp. Globigerina cf. ciperoensis Bolli 13. Env. of deposition : Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez var. 14. Remarks : Globigerina cf. increbescens Bandy Globigerina spp. C27. Globigerinoides index Finley Globigerinoides ‘rubra group’ 1. Name : Temburong formation Globigerinoides semi-involuta Keijzer 2. Origin of name : Temburong River, Brunei Globigerinoides ‘triloba group’ 3. Age : Oligocene to Upper Miocene Globigerinoides spp. (Wilson & Wong, 1964), Upper Globoquadrina venezuelana (Hedberg) Oligocene to Lower Miocene Globoquadrina sp. (Brondijk, 1963; Tate, 1994) Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez 4. References : Brondijk (1963), Tate (1994), Globorotalia meyeri Cushman & Ellisor Wilson & Wong (1964) Glomospira sp. 5. Type area : Type locality is the headwaters Gypsina sp. area of the Temburong River, Hantkenina alabamensis Cushman Brunei. Haplophragmoides walkeri (Grzybowski) 6. Type section : Haplophragmoides sp. 7. Boundaries : Conformably overlies the Mulu Hastigerina micra (Cole) and Kelalan Formations. The Heterostegina borneensis van der Vlerk Meligan Formation and the Setap Heterostegina sp. Shale overlie the Temburong Kalamopsis spp. formation unconformably Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) cf. ephippioides (Jones & 8. Correlation : Laterally, the formation passes Chapman) gradually to the NNE into the Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) sp. West Crocker Formation, and to Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) sp. the southwest, it seems to pass Lepidocyclina sp. gradually into the softer marly Miogypsinoides sp. Tubau formation. Operculina spp. 9. Thickness : Psammosiphonella spp. 10. Lithology : Comprises a predominantly shaly Quinqueloculina sp. sequence with locally intercalated Trochammina sp. sandstone layers. Wilson (1964) Trochamminoides spp. stated that the formation is Uvigerina sp. remarkably uniform in lithology, Valvulina spp. being mainly a flysch-type Verneuilina sp. argillaceous deposit, with fairly Virgulina sp. common intercalations of slightly 13. Env. of deposition : Deep water , marine environment, calcareous pelagic shale (termed in basin slopes/ basin flanks ‘Pa Plandok Marl’ by Bowen & (Brondijk, 1963). Tate (1994), Wright, 1957, in Liechti et al., however, interpreted it as shallow 1960). water, in sub-saline quiet-water, 11. Subdivisions : lagoon or marine embayment, or 12. Fossils : estuarine and lower alluvial

101 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA floodplain. in Bintulu Area. 14. Remarks : Previously included in the Setap 10. Lithology : A thick monotonous succession of Shale Formation (Liechti et al. dark clay-shales generally with 1960). Brondijk (1963) explained minor intercalations of thin the presence of unconformity in bedded sandstone or siltstone. The the Setap Shale Formation, and shales are occasionally calcareous introduced the term Temburong and a few mostly thin lenses of Formation to represent the part biohermal or biostromal limestone below the unconformity. occur. 11. Subdivisions : Batu Blah Member C28. 12. Fossils : algae 1. Name : Setap Shale Formation foraminifera 2. Origin of name : Coined from shale succession at Ammobaculites sp. Bulak Setap, Bahagian Miri. Amphistegina sp. 3. Age : Mainly Miocene (Liechti et al., Anomalina sp. 1960; Kho, 1968), Oligocene Asterigeria sp. (Banda & Aji, 1986), Upper Austrotrillina howchini (Schlumberger) Miocene (Wilson & Wong, 1964) Bathysiphon sp. 4. References : Banda & Aji (1986), Brondijk Bigenerina sp. (1962), Haile (1962), Kho (1968), Bolivina sp. Liechti et al. (1960), Wilson and Borelis philippinensis Hanzawa Wong (1964) Borelis aff. parvulus Hanzawa 5. Type area : Cibicides sp. 6. Type section : Extends between the southern end Cyclammina carinata (Cushman and Renz) of the Melinau Limestone and the Cyclammina cuminatum (Cushman and Renz) southern rim of the Belait Cyclammina sp. Syncline, North Sarawak. For the Cycloclypeus sp. younger, highest part of the Eulepidina sp. formation, the section from Bukit ?Eurupertia sp. Malau to Bukit Ladan in the Flosculinella botangensis Rutten Limbang Valley. Flosculinella sp. 7. Boundaries : The Setap Shale Formation is Globigerinoides sp. defined as the argillaceous Globigerinatella sp. succession which underlies the Gypsina globulus Reuss Belait, Miri or Lambir Formations Gypsina cf. globulus Reuss and overlies generally Belaga, Haplograramoides malteri (Grybowski) Mulu or Kelalan Formation, Heterostegina cf. borneensis v.d. Vlerk Melinau Limestone Formation or Heterostegina sp. West Crocker Formation. In the Hormosina sp. Suai area the formation is overlain Kalamopsis grzybowski (Dylazanka) conformably, and along a strongly Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) cf. formosa Schlumberger diachronous boundary, partly by Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) sp. Nyalau Formation, and partly, by Lepidocyclina (Isolepidina) sp. Belait and Lambir Formations. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) cf. borneensis Provale 8. Correlation : Interfingers with the Belait or Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) cf. isolepidinoides v.d. Lambir Formation, and the Tubau, Vlerk Nyalau, Melinau Limestone, Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) sp. Tangap and Sibuti Formations, Lepidocyclina cf. borneensis Provale into which the succession merges Lepidocyclina spp. laterally. Lepidocyclina. (Eulepidina) cf. bridgei Cole 9. Thickness : > 730 to 5,600 m (Liechti et al., Miogypsina spp. 1960). Kho (1968), estimated only Miogypsinoides (Conomiogypsinoides) abunensis about 335 m in the Sibiu Valley

102 CENOZOIC Tobler Crocker Formation on account of Miogypsinoides dehaarti van der Vlerk its mainly arenaceous nature Miogypsinoides sp. (Wilson & Wong, 1964). Neoalveolina pygmaea Hanzawa Nonion sp. C28.1 Operculina sp. 1. Name : Batu Blah member Operculina. cf. pyramidum Ehrenberg 2. Origin of name : Bukit Batu Blah, middle Baram Operculinella sp. Valley, Bahagian Miri. Orbulina universa d’Orbigny 3. Age : Miocene Quinquelocullina sp. 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960) Rotalia spp. 5. Type area : Type locality is the Batu Blah Sigmoidella sp. escarpment, situated nearly 3.2 Sigmoilina sp. km west of Bukit Batu Blah, Siphogenerinoides sp. middle Baram Valley Spiroclypeus sp. 6. Type section : Textularia sp. 7. Boundaries : The basal boundary is hidden Tritaxilina sp. under alluvial plains or under the Trochammina sp. cf. T. pacifica (Cuchman) transgressively onlapping Patan reworked foraminifera (Paleocene to Lower Eocene) Member of the Liang Formation. in the Pangi area The upper boundary is placed at Globorotalia cf. crassata (Cushman) the top of the last major sandstone Globorotalia velascoensis Cushman occurrence. The top boundary lies Globorotalia wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton approx. 760 m underneath the top palynomorph of the Setap Shale Formation in Alangium sp. the Batu Blah Area. Arenga sp. 8. Correlation : Casuarina sp. 9. Thickness : ± 975 m Durio sp. 10. Lithology : Consists of a succession of at least Eugeissonia minor seven major sandstone bodies Florschuetzia trilobata separated by clay-shales. The Gramineae sandstones, rarely thicker than 30 Lycopodium phlegmaria m in one bed, are mostly hard and Picea sp. fine-grained, grey to grey-blue Pinus sp. and often highly carbonaceous. Podocarpus polystachyus The shales are silty or sandy, 13. Env. of deposition : The greater part of the formation frequently lignitic and often is fully marine, ranges from outer- indurated. neritic environment offshore to 11. Subdivisions : littoral environment inland. 12. Fossils : 14. Remarks : The term ‘Setap Shales’ was foraminifera coined by C.M.Pollock (1929, in Trochammina spp. Leichti et al., 1960) for a shale 13. Env. of deposition : Littoral to inner-neritic. succession at Bulak Setap that, 14. Remarks : The member was earlier described however, now forms part of the as the ‘Batu Blah Sandstone’. Sibuti Formation. Brondijk (1962) has reclassifed part of the Setap Shale Formation in northwest C29. Borneo as the Temburong 1. Name : Tubau formation formation. On Klias Peninsula, 2. Origin of name : Tubau River, a tributary of the Sabah, to the east of Batu Linting Kemena River, central Sarawak and at Tanjong Klias, the Setap 3. Age : Miocene Shale Formation of Liechti et al. 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960) (1960), is now referred to the 5. Type area : Type locality is the Tubau Valley,

103 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA particularly the Tubau River tributary of Sungai Niah, north of section Bukit Subis, central Sarawak 6. Type section : 7. Boundaries : Extreme interfingering especially 7. Boundaries : The basal boundary, exposed in with the Nyalau Formation, and the upper Tubau Valley, is also by somewhat transitional reportedly an unconformity, a boundaries with the Sibuti and basal conglomerate resting Setap Shale Formations. In the directly on Belaga Formation. The subsurface northeast of Subis, the top boundary between Tubau and base of the formation rest either Nyalau Formation is a rapid on top of the Setap Shale transition which is Formation or possibly the Tubau morphologically clearly expressed formation. The top boundary is, by the contrast of a shale with a except to the southwest, a gradual sandstone formation. The dark transition into the overlying Sibuti colours of the Tubau strata formation. disappear and a conspicuous 8. Correlation : increase in sand takes place in the 9. Thickness : Ranges from 1,700 m to less than overlying Nyalau Formation. 600 m. In the subsurface the 8. Correlation : formation extends over an interval 9. Thickness : Few hundred metres. In the Bukit of 2,700 m, from which two major Lumut Area approx. 760 m is tongues of Nyalau Formation of exposed. 425 m and 520 m thickness must 10. Lithology : Consists of rather hard dark shales be deducted. with stringers of sandy or silty 10. Lithology : Comprises calcareous shale, marl shales or siltstones, many and greenish claystone and calcareous shales, and hard marls occasional beds of purer with occassional limestones. limestone. Non-calcareous and Sandstones are subordinate. sandy beds also occur. 11. Subdivisions : None 11. Subdivisions : Subis Limestone Member 12. Fossils : 12. Fossils : foraminifera algae Lepidocyclina sp. Archaeolithothamnium sp. Miogypsina sp. Corallina sp. Miogypsinoides sp. Halimeda sp. Operculina sp. Jania sp. 13. Env. of deposition : The marls and the few biohermal Lithoporella sp. limestones indicate inner-neritic ?Lithothamnium sp. conditions, but the lignitic matter Lythophyllum sp. and the conglomerate at the base Mesophyllum sp. point rather to a littoral bryozoa environment. coral 14. Remarks : N.P. de Boer & W.V. Milroy echinoid (1952) created the term Tubau spine Formation. foraminifera Lepidocyclina sumatrensis Brady C30. Miogypsinoides dehaarti van der Vlerk Miogypsinoides lateralis Hanzawa 1. Name : Tangap Formation Spiroclypeus higginsi Cole 2. Origin of name : Sungai Tangap, tributary of Spiroclypeus orbitoideus Douville Sungai Niah, central Sarawak Spiroclypeus tidunganensis van der Vlerk 3. Age : Lower to Middle Miocene gastropod 4. References : Haile (1962), Liechti et al. (1960) 13. Env. of deposition : The marls of the Tangap 5. Type area : Formation probably indicate 6. Type section : In Sungai Tangap, a right hand deposition in deeper water, at

104 CENOZOIC outer neritic, but bathyal Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) inflata Provale conditions are not positively Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) sumatrensis (Brady) excluded. It appears quite possible Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) verrucosa Scheffen that the sea depth remains within Miogypsina irregularis Michelotti 180 m limit of most mixed Miogypsina primitiva Tan Sin Hok carbonate shelf associations. Miogypsina sp. 14. Remarks : C.M. Pollock (1929) coined the Miogypsinoides (Conomiogypsinoides) abunensis term ‘Tangap Marls’. The Tobler formation has repeatedly been Miogypsinoides (Conomiogypsinoides) sp. redefined, eg. by I.L. Burr & W.E. Miogypsinoides dehaarti van der Vlerk Crews (1950). Miogypsinoides ubaghsi Tan Sin Hok Neoalveolina pygmaea Hanzawa C30.1. Operculina cf. pyramidum Ehrenberg Operculina sp. 1. Name : Subis Limestone member Spiroclypeus sp. 2. Origin of name : Gunong Subis The limestone moreover carries corals, algae, echi- 3. Age : Miocene noids, bryozoa, molluscs and rare sponge spicules. 4. References : Haile (1962), Liechti et al. (1960) 13. Env. of deposition : Middle to inner neritic 5. Type area : Limestone hill forming Bukit environment with depth of water Subis oscillating between a few metres 6. Type section : and 60 m. 7. Boundaries : 14. Remarks : 8. Correlation : 9. Thickness : The surface occurrence is approx. 365 m thick, the subcrop of C31. limestone extends over an interval 1. Name : Sibuti Formation of 945 m, half of which is 2. Origin of name : Sungai Sibuti developed as limestone, the other 3. Age : Miocene half as clastics. 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960) 10. Lithology : Consists of an isolated biohermal 5. Type area : growth of the shoal reef type. It is 6. Type section : Sibuti River Section composed of of two genetically 7. Boundaries : The basal boundary with the different, but closely associated, Tangap Formation is somewhat types of carbonate deposition; the vague as the lithology is coral-algal reefoid growth transitional. Haile (1962) probably of bank reef type, and the mentioned the formation overlies foraminiferal open-shoal Tangap Formation conformably. limestone, consisting of larger The top boundary with the Lambir foraminifera, and echinoidal and Formation is better in evidence algal debris. though also transitional. The 11. Subdivisions : Sibuti Formation merges laterally 12. Fossils : into both the Tangap and the Setap foraminifera Shale Formations, likely in the Amphistegina sp. subsurface. Austrotrillina howchini (Schlumberger) 8. Correlation : Cycloclypeus sp. 9. Thickness : ± 2,400 m to 3,400 m Heterostegina borneensis van der Vlerk 10. Lithology : Succession of clay-shales with Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) dilatata (Michelotti) some marl and thin lenses of Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) dilatata var. tidunganensis limestone, and subordinate van der Vlerk siltstone and sandstone. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) ephippoides Jones and 11. Subdivisions : None Chapman 12. Fossils : Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) angulosa Provale foraminifera Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) flexuosa (Rutten)

105 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Gypsina sp. m by Leichti et al. (1960), 5,100 Lepidocyclina sp. m by Tan (1979) and approx. Miogypsina sp. 6,400 m by Haile (1957). In the Nephrolepidina sp. Serian area only about 600m of 13. Env. of deposition : Inner neritic conditions, the formation is exposed (Pimm, temporarily there was even a 1965). littoral environment 10. Lithology : A succession of mainly silty and/ 14. Remarks : The formation has been or carbonaceous clays and clay considered as a member of the shales, alternating with shales, Setap Shale Formation. However sandstones, mudstones, siltstones the formation status is adhered to and coal seams. Conglomerate because of the generally accepted lenses occur near the base and at usage. the top is a sequence of red mudstone, shale, siltstone and C32. sandstone. 11. Subdivisions : Basal Sandstone member, 1. Name : Silantek Formation Temudok member and the Upper 2. Origin of name : From a stream and village in the Silantek Redbed member. headwaters of Sungai Strap, 12. Fossils : Klingkang Range, west Sarawak bivalve 3. Age : Upper Eocene to ?Miocene ?Cardium sp. 4. References : Haile (1954), Haile (1957), Batissa subtrigonalis (Krause) Liechti et al. (1960), Pimm Cardium sp. (1965), Tan (1979) Corbula s.l. 5. Type area : echinoid 6. Type section : In the Undup River from the spine Batang Lupar to the base of the foraminifera Plateau Sandstone Formation. Aktinocyclina sp. Haile (1957) described the present Ammobaculites sp. type section under the heading Ammodiscus sp. ‘Kantu Beds’. Amphistigina spp. 7. Boundaries : The base transgressively overlaps Anomalina sp. the Sadong Formation (Upper Assilina sp. aff. A. praespira Douville Triassic), the Lupar Formation Asterigina spp. (Upper Cretaceous) and pre- Cyclammina cf. 8 Tertiary igneous rocks. The top is Cyclammina sp. a rapid conformable transition into Discocyclina spp. the ‘Plateau Sandstone Haplophragmoides sp. Formation’. Heterostegina sp. 8. Correlation : The Silantek Formation and Miliammina fusca (Brady) Plateau sSandstone in Sarawak Miliammina sp. form the northern and northeastern Nonion sp. rim of the major Ketungau basin Nummulites spp. in West Borneo. The Silantek Operculina spp. Formation is similar lithologically Operculinella sp. to the Melawi Group and Kantu Quinqueloculina spp. Beds in Kalimantan and is Rotalia sp. probably synchronous with them. Sigmoilina sp. The Upper Silantek Redbed Trochammina sp. Member is similar lithologically mollusc to the Lebang Mudstone in Cyrena subtrigonalis Krause Kalimantan and is probably Corbula dajacensis Krause synchronous with it. Geloina hashimotoi Kanno n. sp. 9. Thickness : Estimated approx. 4,200 - 4,500 Hindsiella sp.

106 CENOZOIC Melania sp. 11. Subdivisions : Naticaceae 12. Fossils : Paludomus gracilis Krause foraminifera Tellina sp. Actinocyclina sp. Thiara (Melania) sp. Amphistigina spp. Turritellidae Assilina sp. Vivaparus sp. / Paludomus sp. Assilina sp. aff. Assilina praespira Douville nannofossil Asterigina spp. Coccolithus sp. Discocyclina spp. Pemma sp. Elphidium spp. Prinsiaceae sp. Heterostygina sp. plant Nummulites sp. Dipterocarp leaves Operculina spp. 13. Env. of deposition : From the base upwards; Near- Quinqueloculina spp. shore to shallow marine Rotalia sp. environment, gradually becoming mollusc estuarine and fluviatile and nannofossil probably, in parts, lacustrine, and Coccolithus sp. finally terrestrial Pemma sp. 14. Remarks : Was first mapped as the Kantu Prinsiaceae sp. Beds, later included in the Plateau 13. Env. of deposition : Refer Formation sandstone Series. It was 14. Remarks : Informally named the Basal subsequently introduced as the Sandstone by Haile (1957) Silantek Formation by Liechti et al. (1960). C32.2. 1. Name : Temudok member C32.1. 2. Origin of name : Bukit Temudok 1. Name : Basal Sandstone member 3. Age : Refer Formation 2. Origin of name : 4. References : Haile (1957), Tan (1979) 3. Age : Refer Formation 5. Type area : The Temudok Ridge and the hills 4. References : Haile (1957), Tan (1979) of Tinteng Kemuyang, Tiang Laju 5. Type area : Well exposed in the Marup and Perapau Quarry, along the Jakar- 6. Type section : Road west of the Marup Quarry, 7. Boundaries : in Sungai Melaban and in the 8. Correlation : Lithologically similar to Basal headwaters of Sungai Kepayang, Sandstone member but lack of a tributary of Sungai Semuyong conglomerate and pebbly 6. Type section : sandstones and being more thinly 7. Boundaries : bedded. 8. Correlation : Forms the base of the Silantek 9. Thickness : ± 200 m Formation 10. Lithology : Lenticular, sandstone body 9. Thickness : ± 1,600 m composed of thin to thick beds (3- 10. Lithology : Composed of mainly steeply 150 cm), of yellowish-white to dipping to vertical, yellow to grey, fine to coarse grained white, porous to friable polymict sandstone. Alternating with the to quartzose sandstone beds up to sandstone are thin beds of sandy 15 m thick, interbedded with thin to silty mudstone and shale. beds of silty shale and mudstone 11. Subdivisions : and occasionally dark-grey 12. Fossils : Nil calcareous shale and mudstone. 13. Env. of deposition : Refer Formation 14. Remarks : Informally named the ‘Temudok Sandstone’ by Haile (1957)

107 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA C32.3. 8. Correlation : In Kalimantan, the formation is 1. Name : Upper Silantek Redbed member reported overlain concordantly by 2. Origin of name : the Ketungau Beds, and in places, 3. Age : Refer Formation by shales of the Silat Group. 4. References : Haile (1954), Haile (1957), Tan 9. Thickness : In the Klingkang Range, only (1979) about 150 m is exposed in the 5. Type area : Sarawak area, but in Kalimantan 6. Type section : some 1,800 m is reported 7. Boundaries : (Zeylmans van Emmichoven, 8. Correlation : Forms the upper part of the 1939). Silantek Formation and is overlain 10. Lithology : A succession of thick, thick- conformably by the Plateau bedded to massive, cross-bedded, sandstone. polymict to quartzose sandstone, 9. Thickness : ± 300 m with minor intercalations of grey 10. Lithology : Consists predominantly of red and red shale and mudstone, and micaceous shale and mudstone, lenses of conglomerate. occasionally with grey mottles, 11. Subdivisions : None red siltstone and red sandstone. 12. Fossils : 11. Subdivisions : mollusc 12. Fossils : Nil Clementia papyracea Grey 13. Env. of deposition : Terrestrial deposition as fans or Cyrena subrotundata Krause aprons extending into basins Veneridae 14. Remarks : Previously referred as the Upper plant Silantek Beds (Haile, 1954) and Palmoxylon spp. the Upper Kantu Beds (Haile, silicified wood 1957). 13. Env. of deposition : Estuarine to terrestrial environment. Tan (1993) concluded, in the Bako peninsula C33. was probably deposited in a 1. Name : Plateau sandstone mainly fluviatile environment, 2. Origin of name : The term ‘Plateau Sandstone’ was possibly in braided rivers, and in first used by Dutch geologists part, in a deltaic environment. working in Kalimantan, It was 14. Remarks : Tan (1993) considered the later referred as ‘Plateau previously described Plateau Sandstone Series’, ‘Plateau Sandstone of the Santubong Sandstone’, ‘Plateau Sandstone Peninsula, Kayan Basin, Formation’ and again ‘Plateau Samunsan Valley and the Bungo Sandstone’. Range to belong to the ‘Kayan 3. Age : ?Upper Eocene to ?Upper Sandstone’. The palynology of the Miocene ‘Plateau Sandstone Formation’ as 4. References : Liechti, et al. (1960), Molengraaf described by Muller (1968), is (1902), Tan (1979), Tan (1993), now included in the Kayan Zeylmans van Emmichoven sandstone. (1939) 5. Type area : The Klingkang Range, Sarawak. C34. Only the narrow basal part lies in Sarawak. 1. Name : Lambir Formation 6. Type section : 2. Origin of name : Lambir Hill in Brunei 7. Boundaries : The base overlies conformably the 3. Age : Upper Miocene Silantek Formation. In the Bako 4. References : Haile (1962), Liechti, et al. (1960) Peninsula, the Plateau sandstone 5. Type area : Lambir Hills in Brunei and unconformably overlies the Bakong Valley in North Sarawak. Sejingkat Formation. The top is an 6. Type section : Succession in the block between erosion surface. the headwaters of Sungai Muchok

108 CENOZOIC (Sungai Sintulang), Sungai Textularia sp. Tanasau and the coast. Triloculina sp. 7. Boundaries : The basal boundary is a gradual, 13. Env. of deposition : Inner neritic to littoral conditions, slightly diachronous transition becoming entirely littoral towards from the predominantly the top. argillaceous Sibuti Formation. 14. Remarks : S.T. Waite (1940) created the term The top boundary, observable only ‘Lambir Formation’. Lim & Mohd in the Lambir Hills, is a rapid Shafeea Leman (1994) noted that transition to the softer more the Ulu Bok Syncline, in north argillaceous overlying Miri Sarawak, revealed characteristics Formation, or further east with the of Lambir Formation rather than less consolidated Tukau Belait Formation, as had earlier Formation. Haile (1962) states been mapped. that the top boundary is a conformable transition into the C35. Belait Formation. 1. Name : Belait formation 8. Correlation : 2. Origin of name : Presumably Sungai Belait, in 9. Thickness : ± 1,000-2,100 m Brunei 10. Lithology : An alternation of sandstone and 3. Age : Miocene to ?Lower Pliocene shale (of a similar type to the 4. References : Haile (1962), Liechti et al. (1960), Belait Formation) with a Wilson & Wong (1964) distinctive calcareous admixture 5. Type area : The entire Belait Syncline in (limestone, calcareous shale), Brunei, including part of the which, may be locally absent. Belait Anticline. 11. Subdivisions : None 6. Type section : 12. Fossils : 7. Boundaries : Everywhere overlies Setap Shale foraminifera Formation or its sandy equivalent, Ammobaculites sp. the Nyalau Formation. The basal Anomalina sp. boundary to the north, is strongly Asterigerina sp. diachronous, the Setap Shale and Austrotrillina sp. Belait Formations wedging Bigenerina sp. laterally into one another over a Bolivina sp. vertical thickness of many Cibicides sp. hundreds of metres. In the Belait Cyclammina sp. Syncline and in Klias the Elphidium spp. formation is conformably overlain Flosculinella botangensis Rutten by the Seria Formation. Wilson & Flosculinella (Alveolinella) botangensis Rutten Wong (1964) noted that on Flosculinella sp. Labuan Island, grey mudstone of Gypsina sp. the Setap Shale Formation occurs Hormosina sp. fairly consistently but in poor Lepidocyclina cf. sumatrensis (Brady) exposures below the Belait Loxostoma sp. formation. Miogypsina sp. 8. Correlation : In the Belait Syncline, the Belait Miogypsinoides sp. formation comprises the time- Nephrolepidina sp. stratigraphic equivalents of the Nodosaria sp. Lambir and Miri formations only. Nonion sp. Wilson & Wong (1964) mentioned Operculina spp. that at least in part the formation Rectobolivina spp. is probably a time equivalent of Rotalia spp. the Meligan Formation. Siphogenerina sp. 9. Thickness : Approx. photogeological Spiroclypeus sp. estimation based on Leichti et al. Spirolina sp.

109 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA (1960 :The Belait Anticline 4,500- Rotalia sp. 5,700 m; the Belait Syncline, for Textularia sp. the East-flank 11,200 m, the Textularia sp. Central part of the syncline 6,300 plant m, and the West-flank 6,000 m. remains In Klias Peninsula and Labuan, in mollusc Sabah, Heybroek and Crews (in Cardium sp. Wilson & Wong, 1964) estimated Tridacna sp. 1,800 m and 2,100 m of the Arca sp. formation. Pecten sp. 10. Lithology : Composed of thick-bedded Ostrea sp. sandstones which form prominent Murex sp. scarps and mountain ranges, with Serpula sp. subordinate grey shale and clay, 13. Env. of deposition : Indicate a paralic environment and some seams of lignite. Wilson temporarily and locally & Wong (1964) mentioned the developing into shallow marine, presence of conglomerate and reef i.e. littoral, conditions. limestone in the formation in the 14. Remarks : The term ‘Belait Formation’ is a Labuan and Padas Valley areas. synonym of the former ‘Belait 11. Subdivisions : Not conceived as proper members Group’. Lim & Mohd Shafeea but in only descriptive terms by Leman (1994) noted that the Leichti et al. (1960), as the Belait formation of Ulu Bok ‘marginal sandstones’ for the Syncline, in north Sarawak lower part and ‘Belait clay’ for the revealed characteristics of Lambir upper part of the formation. In Formation. addition, Leichti et al. (1960) mentioned the ‘Intermediate C36. Claystone-Siltstone Member’ in 1. Name : Miri formation the Limbang Syncline but did not 2. Origin of name : Presumably the place Miri clearly elaborate the terminology 3. Age : Miocene to Pliocene used. 4. References : Liechti, et al. (1960) 12. Fossils : 5. Type area : Original type locality is the Miri algae Anticline, at Miri Oilfield, north bryozoa Sarawak. It later includes the Seria coral subsurface. foraminifera 6. Type section : Ammobaculites sp. 7. Boundaries : In the Seria and Miri subsurface, Ammobaculites spp. as also in Tudan and Rasau, the Bathysiphon sp. basal boundary with the Bolivina sp. underlying Setap Shale Formation Cyclammina sp. is a gradual transition from an Elphidium sp. arenaceous into a predominantly Flosculinella borneensis (Tan Sin Hok) argillaceous succession. In the Flosculinella globulosa (Rutten) Bakam-Lambir Area the basal Gaudryina sp. boundary of the Miri formation Globigerinoids sp. with the Lambir Formation is Gypsina spp. fairly well defined, the top Haplophragmoides sp. sandstone of the Lambir Hormosina sp. Formation (Lembong Sandstone) Lepidocyclina spp. contrasting sufficiently with the Miogypsina sp. more argillaceous Miri formation. Nonion sp. In the Miri-Seria subsurface the Perculina sp. top boundary of the Miri

110 CENOZOIC formation with the overlying Seria 8. Correlation Time equivalent of the Seria, the Formation is a gradual transition. Miri and the uppermost Lambir 8. Correlation : The formation is a marine time- Formations. stratigraphic equivalent of the 9. Thickness : ± 2,700 m upper part of the Belait formation 10. Lithology : A succession of poorly poorly and restricted to the coastal area. consolidated sandstones and 9. Thickness : ± 1,800 m, in the Seria Field sands, alternating with soft clays. 10. Lithology : A predominantly arenaceous Finely dispersed lignitic material succession, the lower part consists or thin lignite layers are frequent. of a succession of sandstones and 11. Subdivisions : None shales, the latter slightly 12. Fossils : prevailing; the upper part is more foraminifera arenaceous, the alternation of Ammobaculites sp. sandstone and shales takes place Bolivina 1 more rapidly and is less regular, Glomospira sp. the sandstone bodies merge more Haplophragmoides sp. gradually into argillaceous Rotalia spp. sandstone and sandy or silty shale. Trochammina sp. Lignites and dispersed lignitic 13. Env. of deposition : Deltaic-paralic deposition with matter are less frequent and that a brackish-water conditions marine microfauna is developed. prevailing most of the time. 11. Subdivisions : None 14. Remarks : Previously named the ‘Barren 12. Fossils : Series’. foraminifera Bolivinita 1 C38. Loxostoma 1 1. Name : Balingian formation Nonion 3 2. Origin of name : The place Balingian 13. Env. of deposition : Littoral to inner neritic shallow 3. Age : Miocene (Liechti, et al., 1960); marine environment ?Upper Miocene (Wolfenden, 14. Remarks : 1960) 4. References : Liechti, et al. (1960), Wolfenden C37. (1960) 1. Name : Tukau Formation 5. Type area : The entire outcrop of the Teres- 2. Origin of name : Sungai Tukau, north Sarawak Bakau Anticline, situated between 3. Age : Upper Miocene to Pliocene the and Balingian rivers, 4. References : Liechti, et al. (1960) central Sarawak. 5. Type area : Lambir-Bakong Hills 6. Type section : 6. Type section : Sungai Tukau in the Liku-Badas 7. Boundaries : The top boundary with the Begrih Syncline, south of Miri town the formation in the Teres area is a Lambir Taniku Corehole Section, distinct, though minor, Section III of Sheldon’s auger unconformity, marked by the survey in the Bakong Hills, and Begrih conglomerate at the base part of the Bakam Corehole of the Begrih formation. The basal section including Wells Bakam 1 boundary is not exposed. and 2. 8. Correlation : For the greater part of the 7. Boundaries : In part the formation develops formation probably a time- laterally out of the uppermost equivalent of the Belait formation, Lambir Formation and the Lower but the lower part may be older. Miri formation of the Lambir Hill 9. Thickness : Composite thickness appears to area, whilst in part it overlies exceed 3,000-3,600 m Liechti, et them. The top boundary is a al. (1960), in the Teres and conformable contact with the Penipah Valleys the exposed part overlying Liang formation is about 1,800 m from the

111 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA estimated cumulative thickness of C39. 3,000 m (Wolfenden, 1960). 1. Name : Begrih formation 10. Lithology :A very thick paralic succession of 2. Origin of name : Sungai Begrih, central Sarawak sandstones and clay-shales with 3. Age : Upper Miocene to Pliocene abundant lignites. (Liechti, et al., 1960), Lower 11. Subdivisions : None Pliocene (Wolfenden, 1960) 12. Fossils : 4. References : Liechti, et al. (1960), Wolfenden foraminifera (1960) Ammobaculites sp. 5. Type area : Exposed over an area 25 km long Ammodiscus sp. and 4 to 7 km wide in the south Discorbis sp. flank of the Teres-Bakau trend, Glomospira sp. between the Balingian and Mukah Haplophragmoides sp. Rivers, central Sarawak (Liechti, Trochammina sp. et al., 1960). Type locality is in ostracod the Begrih Valley (Wolfenden, 13. Env. of deposition : Estuarine to lagoonal, with strong 1960). affinities to deltaic conditions. 6. Type section : The foraminiferal fauna proves a 7. Boundaries : The basal boundary, the Begrih brackish-water environment. Conglomerate rests with a distinct, 14. Remarks : The formation has been the object though slight, local unconformity of much exploratory effort since on the Balingian Formation. 1928 when O. Wilhelm created the Where the Begrih Conglomerate term Balingian Lignite Series and is not developed, the Begrih described the lower part as ‘shale/ Formation appears to rest Quartzite Series’. S.T. Waite conformably on the Balingian (1940) separated an ‘Upper Formation. The top boundary with Balingian Lignite Series’ when he the overlying Liang Formation is recognised that a marine an unconformity. succession termed ‘Begrih Marine 8. Correlation : A probable time-equivalent of the Series’ separated them. The Upper Lower Miri Formation. Balingian Lignite Series was later 9. Thickness : Varies in the surface outcrop from on termed Sikat Formation and 600-760 m forms now part of the Liang 10. Lithology : A marine succession of clays, Formation. The ‘Begrih Marine sands and grits with pebble beds Series’ was eventually retained as and, locally, a boulder Begrih formation and the ‘Lower conglomerate at the base. Balingian Lignite Series’ was 11. Subdivisions : The Begrih Conglomerate and the subdivided into a Matading Tunggal-Ransi Conglomerate Formation at the base and an members. overlying Balingian Formation. 12. Fossils : These two formations have been foraminifera later united into the present Ammobaculites sp. Balingian Formation, as they are Anomalina sp. lithologically indistinguishable. Bolivina spp. Later a ‘Lignite series’ was added Cibicides sp. on the top, and a ‘Shale Quartzite Cyclammina sp. Series’ at the bottom, but both Elphidium spp. were subsequently abandoned Frondicularia sp. since the subdivisions is not Glandulina sp. recognisable anywhere except in Quinqueloculina sp. wells Mukah 1 and 2 only. Rotalia spp. Siphogenerinoides sp.

112 CENOZOIC Textularia spp. 6. Type section : Triloculina sp. 7. Boundaries : The Tunggal-Ransi conglomerate 13. Env. of deposition : Probably predominantly littoral onlaps transgressively onto the 14. Remarks : Until 1930 the formation formed Bawang member of the Belaga part of the Balingian formation Formation, the Tatau formation and the Nyalau Formation. The C39.1. angle of unconformity is high and varies considerably. The 1. Name : Begrih Conglomerate Member conglomerate also truncates at a 2. Origin of name : high angle the strike of the 3. Age : Upper Miocene to Lower Pliocene Bawang member and Tatau 4. References : Liechti, et al. (1960) formation. The top boundary is 5. Type area : South Flank of the Teres-Bakau hidden or erosional. Anticline 8. Correlation : A probable rock and time- 6. Type section : stratigraphic equivalent of the 7. Boundaries : The basal boundary, the Begrih Begrih conglomerate. conglomerate rests with a distinct, 9. Thickness : 198-213 m though slight, local unconformity 10. Lithology : Alternation of massive grits and on the Balingian formation. conglomerates with a few 8. Correlation : A probable rock and time- interbedded shales of grey or pink stratigraphic equivalent of the colour, sometimes strongly Tunggal-Ransi conglomerate. lignitic and black. 9. Thickness : ± 60 m 11. Subdivisions : 10. Lithology : Consists of lenses of sand and 12. Fossils : conglomerate with a few lignites. 13. Env. of deposition : Lagoonal or continental Towards the Mukah river the deposition very near to the source conglomerate is composed of of detritus. boulders or cobbles up to 38 cm 14. Remarks : Initially termed the ‘Tatau across, but decrease in size to the Conglomerate Series’ and later the north and east. The matrix is a ‘Tunggal Conglomerate’. soft, clayey sand. 11. Subdivisions : Liechti, et al. (1960) suppose that the Tunggal-Ransi conglomerate C40. is probably a member of the 1. Name : Liang formation Begrih conglomerate. 2. Origin of name : Sungai Liang, Brunei 12. Fossils : 3. Age : Pliocene to Middle Pleistocene 13. Env. of deposition : 4. References : Haile (1962), Liechti, et al. 14. Remarks : Formally named a member of the (1960), Wilson & Wong (1964), Begrih formation by Liechti, et al. Wolfenden (1960) (1960) 5. Type area : The Lumut Hills east of Seria Oilfield, Brunei, in particular the C39.2. Sungai Liang Section, serve as type area. 1. Name : Tunggal-Ransi Conglomerate 6. Type section : member 7. Boundaries : In the coastal area, the formation 2. Origin of name : Bukit Tunggal, Bukit Ransi, Tatau rests unconformably on Horst, central Sarawak calcareous Setap Shale Formation 3. Age : Upper Miocene to Lower Pliocene with an angle of unconformity 4. References : Liechti, et al. (1960) ranging from 12º to more than 40º. 5. Type area : Type localities are Bukit Ransi In the Klias subsurface the and Bukit Tunggal, west and east formation rests partly of the Tatau River respectively. conformably on Seria Formation. The conglomerate occurrences In the Balingian-Mukah Area it extend over a distance of about 25 transgresses successively onto the km.

113 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Belaga Formation (Metah Quinqueloculina spp. Member and probably also Rotalia spp. Bawang member), and the Tatau Sigmoidella sp. and Nyalau formations, but only Sigmoilina spp. the contact with the Metah Siphonina sp. Member is exposed. In the Suai Spiroloculina sp. Coast the basal boundary is an Textularia spp. unconformable onlap on Lambir Trochammina sp. Formation. Locally a small Uvigerina sp. unconformity or disconformity Vulvulina spp. between the formation and the gastropod Lumut Member is in evidence, eg. ostracod in the Tudan Area. The top plant boundary of the Liang formation remains and its members is either purely 13. Env. of deposition : Very shallow, near-shore type of erosional, or an unconformity with marine deposition which, the overlying Quaternary terraces however, changes inland into or Alluvial deposits. paralic or even continental 8. Correlation : conditions. 9. Thickness : ± 60 to 1,500 m. Estimation from 14. Remarks : The ‘Sikat Formation’ and the seismic data 1,900 to ± 3,000 m. ‘Penian Formation’ are now 10. Lithology : Succession of sands, clays, gravel included in the Liang formation. beds, with some lignites, of very young appearance and poor C40.1 consolidation. 1. Name : Lumut member 11. Subdivisions : Not properly classified and 2. Origin of name : Lumut Hills, Brunei explained, but mentioned the 3. Age : Lumut, Berakas and Patan 4. References : Members (Liechti et al., 1960). 5. Type area : 12. Fossils : 6. Type section : bryozoa 7. Boundaries : echinoid 8. Correlation : spine 9. Thickness : foraminifera 10. Lithology : Consists of clays with abundant Ammobaculites sp. lignites and lignitic clays with Ammodiscus sp. coarse conglomeratic sand lenses. Anomalina spp. Upwards is composed mainly of Bigenerina sp. sand and sandy clay-shale with Biloculina sp. pure clay and tuffaceous beds and Bolivinia spp. lignites. Cancris sp. 11. Subdivisions : Cibicides spp. 12. Fossils : Moulds and casts of fossils. Cristellaria spp. 13. Env. of deposition : Wholly paralic, in part deltaic Elphidium spp. 14. Remarks : Eponides spp. Glandulina sp. Globigerina spp. C40.2 Glomospira sp. 1. Name : Berakas member Gyroidina sp. 2. Origin of name : Berakas syncline, Brunei Haplophragmoides sp. 3. Age : Lagena spp. 4. References : Nonion spp. 5. Type area : Operculina sp. 6. Type section : Orbulina sp. 7. Boundaries :

114 CENOZOIC 8. Correlation : Probably represents a stratigraphic 3.3. SABAH equivalent of the whole Liang formation. On lithology alone it C41. appears the member is a stratigraphic equivalent of the 1. Name : Chert-Spilite formation Lumut member. 2. Origin of name : Understandably most likely, from 9. Thickness : the lithology. 10. Lithology : Consists of lignitic and black 3. Age : Upper Cretaceous to Eocene sandy clays with well preserved (Collenette, 1965a; Fitch, 1955; plant remains, alternating with Kirk, 1962; Leong, 1974; Newton- sands, soft sandstones, and one or Smith, 1967), Valanginian to two beds of gravel which grade Barremian, Lower Cretaceous to into coarse sands. The gravel Eocene (Leong, 1977) pebbles consist of quartzite, 4. References : Collenette (1965a), Fitch (1955), limestone, coarse conglomerate Kirk (1962), Leong (1974), and black chert. Newton-Smith (1967), Wilson 11. Subdivisions : (1961) 12. Fossils : 5. Type area : Not specified, but Fitch (1955) 13. Env. of deposition : Estuarine-lagoonal defined the formation from the 14. Remarks : The member could be mistaken Upper Segama and Darvel Bay for Alluvium, were it not that it is area. gently folded and unconformably 6. Type section : overlain by Jerudong terrace 7. Boundaries : In the Upper Segama and Darvel sands. Bay area, the formation unconformably overlies the Crystalline Basement; at Agob- C40.3 Dabalan, Kawag and Pulau Batik 1. Name : Patan member (Leong, 1974). The limestone 2. Origin of name : Sungai Patan breccia of the Langusan Beds 3. Age : appears to overlie unconformably 4. References : on spilitic and associated doleritic 5. Type area : rocks of the Chert-Spilite 6. Type section : formation in Sungai Langusan. 7. Boundaries : Rests unconformably on Setap Also, slump breccia deposits of Shale Formation with a high angle the Kuamut Formation overlies of unconformity. Overlain by unconformably on the volcanic Quaternary cobble terrace. and other rock types of the Chert- 8. Correlation : Spilite formation. In the Bidu- 9. Thickness : Bidu Hills area, the Chert-Spilite 10. Lithology : Horizontal succession with formation appears to rest lignites up to 1.5 m thick. unconformably on metamorphic Shepherd and van de Flirt (1956) rocks of the Crystalline Basement, described the succession as an and probably overlain by the alternation of grey or brown clays Crocker formation (Newton- or silty clays, lignitic or coaly, Smith, 1967). Leong (1974) with beds or lenses of sand, coal observed several unconformities seams, and quartz pebbles at the between the Chert-Spilite base. formation and the older 11. Subdivisions : Crystalline Basement at various 12. Fossils : localities in the Upper Segam 13. Env. of deposition : Wholly paralic, probably Valley and Darvel Bay area, and estuarine. inferred angular unconformity 14. Remarks : between the formation and the Madai-Baturong Limestone.

115 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA 8. Correlation : Stichopera sp. 9. Thickness : Probably several thousands metre Theocapsa sp. 10. Lithology : Comprise a group of sedimentary Tricolocapsa spp. and volcanic rocks which include Trisyringium sp. sandstone, shale, chert, siltstone, In Newton-Smith (1967): conglomerate, limestone, marl foraminifera and porcellanite, spilite, pillow Ammodiscus sp. lava, basalt, tuff, and agglomerate, Bathysiphon sp. and some rare shistose rocks. Cyclammina sp. Wilson (1961) commented that Glomospira sp. the rocks comprising the Haplophragmoides walteri (Grzybowski, 1898) formation in most areas have Haplophragmoides sp. undergone intense faulting and Sigmoilina sp. shearing, and rocks of low Trochammina sp. metamorphic grade, such as Trochamminoides subcoronata (Rzehak, Grzybowski, quartzite, greenstone, and 1896) mylonite are common. Trochamminoides sp. 11. Subdivisions : radiolaria (in mudstone and shale) 12. Fossils : Archicapsa sp. In Kirk (1962): Cenosphaera sp. radiolaria (in chert) Cryptocapsa sp. Botrypyle sp. Dicolocapsa sp. ?Botrypyle sp. Dictyomitra sp. Cenosphaera sp. Hemicryptocapsa sp. ?Cenosphaera sp. Meynella ?hensoni Cryptocapsa sp. Meyenella meyeni Dicolocapsa sp. Meyenella ?rotula Dictyocephalus sp. Rhopalastrum sp. ?Dictyoceras sp. Staurolonche sp. Dictyomitra sp. Stichopera sp. ?Distylocapsa sp. Stichophormis sp. Hexadoras sp. ?Tricolocapsa sp. Hexastylus sp. Xiphostylus sp. ?Kassina sp. In the calcareous and argillaceous sequence (Leong, Lithapium sp. 1974): Lithatractis sp. algae Lithatroctis sp. Parachaetes sp. Lithomitra sp. (?) Pterophyton sp. Lophocorys sp. Thaumetoporella parvovesiculifera (Reineri) Pia Lophophaena sp. Trinocladus exoticus sp. nov. Melitosphaera sp. Trinocladus spp. Meyenella hensoni Davis foraminifera Meyenella meyeni Davis Aktinocyclina sp. Meyenella meyeni Alveolina sp. Palaeacanthus spinosus Davis Assilina sp. Palaeacanthus sp. ?Assilina sp. Plectopyramis sp. Asterocyclina sp. Podocyrtis sp. Discocyclina sp. ?Pterocanium sp. ?Eorupertia sp. Sciadocapsa sp. ?Fabiabia sp. Sethocorys sp. Fasciolites sp. Staurosphaera sp. Fasciolites sp. indet. Stichocorys sp. Globigerina cf. cretacea d’Orbigny Stichopera sp. Globigerina spp.

116 CENOZOIC Globorotalia cf.abundocamerata Bolli Dorysphaera sp. Globorotalia cf. pseudobulloides (Plummer) Eusyringium sp. Globorotalia cf. pusilla Bolli Flustrella sp. Globorotalia cf. velascoensis (Cushman) Glycobotrys sp. Globotruncana calcarata Cushman Hagiastrum sp. Globotruncana concavata (Brotzen) Halicapsa sp. Globotruncana elevata Brotzen Hemicryptocapsa sp. Globotruncana elevata cf. strautiformis Dalbiez Heterosestrum sp. Globotruncana tricarinata (Quereau) Hexadoras sp. Globotruncana aff. fornicata Plummer Hexastylus sp. Globotruncana cf. arca Cushman Holocryptocapsa sp. Globotruncana cf. bulloides (Vogler) Lithatractus sp. Globotruncana cf. concavata (Brotzen) Lithatroctis sp. Globotruncana cf. linneiana (d’Orbigny) Lithomitra sp. Globotruncana cf. renzi Gandolfi Lithornium sp. Globotruncana cf. schneegansi Sigal Lithostrobus sp. Globigerina sp. or spp. indet. Lophoconus sp. Gumbelina sp. Lophocorys sp. Hedbergella cf. delrioensis (Carsey) Lophophaena sp. Hedbergella cf. planispira (Tappan) Melitosphaera sp. Hedbergella sp. Meyenella hensoni Heterohelix globulosa (Ehrenberg) Meyenella meyeni Davis Heterohelix cf. costulata Cushman Meyenella meyeni Heterohelix sp. or spp. indet. Meyenella sp. Heterohelicidae indet. Micromelissa sp. Lithamnium sp. Palaeacanthus spinosus Davis Lithothamnium sp. Palaeacanthus sp. Miliola sp. Podocyrtis sp. Nummulites (N. baguelensis Verbeek) Pterocanium sp. Nummulites javanus Rhodosphaera sp. Nummulites cf. javanus Verbeek Rhopalastrum sp. Nummulites pengaronensis Sciadocapsa sp. Nummulites cf. pengaronensis Verbeek Sethocorys sp. Operculina sp. Sethocyrtis sp. ?Operculina sp. Spongodiscus sp. Pellatispira sp. Spongolonchis sp. Praeglobotruncana (Hedbergella) spp. Staurolonche sp. Rotaliidae indet. Stichocapsa sp. Textularidae indet. Stichocorys sp. radiolaria Stichopera sp. Adelocyrtis sp. Stylosphaera sp. Amphisphaera sp. Stylostaurus sp. Anthacorys sp. Theocampe sp. Botrypyle sp. Theocapsa sp. Calocyclas sp. Theocyrtis sp. Cenosphaera sp. Tricolocapsa sp. Conosphaera sp. Trisyringium sp. Cryptocapsa sp. Xiphatractus sp. Cryptocephalus sp. Xiphostylus sp. Cyrtophormis sp. In blocks of mainly limestone (Leong, 1974): Dicolocapsa sp. algae Dictyomitra sp. Archaeolithothamnium cf. aschersoni (Schwag) Diplactura sp. Clypeina sp. Distylocapsa sp. Halimeda sp.

117 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Jania sp. Leong (1974) revised the work Lithothamnium sp. done in the Upper Segama and Parachaetetes cf. asrapati Pia Darvel Bay area and retained the foraminifera ‘Chert-Spilite Formation’ as Asterocyclina sp. referred by Fitch (1955). Earlier, Floborotalis cf. velascoensis (Cushman) Reinhard and Wenk (1951) Gaudryina spp. referred the rocks in the Upper Globigerina(?) dissimilis Segama, mapped by Fitch (1955) Globigerina spp. as the ‘Chert-Spilite Formation’, Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez is similar to the ‘Danau Globorotalia spp. Formation’ of the Upper Kapuas Globotruncana laparenti Brotzen area, Kalimantan Indonesia. Kirk Globotruncana spp. (1962) subdivided the Chert- Glomospira sp. Spilite Formation into the Madai- Heterohelix sp. Baturong Limestone Member, but ?Heterostegina sp. the latter was classified as a Nodosaria sp. formation by Leong (1974). Porticulasphaera orbiformis-mexicana group Collenette (1965a) classified the Trochamminoides sp. formation into the Rajang Group. mollusc Basir Jasin (1992) grouped the Acteonella borneensis nov. sp. ‘Chert-Spilite Formation’ and the In Leong (1977), from selected chert samples: ultramafic rocks (previously radiolaria (whole) separated) in the Telupid area, as Acaeniotyle umbilicata the Telupid complex that Artostrobium urna represents a part of a dismembered Dictyomitra boesii ophiolite sequence. Dictyomitra duodecimcostata Saturnalis spp. C42. Sphaerostylus lanceola 1. Name : Sapulut Formation Staurosphaera septemporata 2. Origin of name : Either Sungai Sapulut, Sapulut 13. Env. of deposition : Both shallow and deep water Town or Sapulut Valley, Sabah environments are represented 3. Age : Upper Cretaceous to Upper (Leong, 1974). Collenette (1965a) Eocene remarks deposition under marine 4. References : Collenette (1965a) conditions along the eastern side 5. Type area : Sapulut Valley, Sabah of the Northwest Borneo 6. Type section : In the Sapulut River between Paya Geosyncline, with volcanic Rapids and Kuala Sablangan islands and coral reefs in places. 7. Boundaries : The formation is overlain by the 14. Remarks : The ‘Chert-Spilite Formation’ was Labang and Tanjong formations first defined by Fitch (1955) to with marked unconformity. The describe a group of sedimentary lower part of the formation and volcanic rocks in the Upper probably passes laterally into the Segama and Darvel Bay area. The Chert-Spilite formation in the term was later applied to similar Kuamut area. rocks in the Kudat area (Stephens, 8. Correlation : The upper part of the formation 1956), Sandakan area (Fitch, may be stratigraphically 1958), Banggi Island and Sugut equivalent to the Trusmadi River area (Wilson, 1961), Formation and the lower part of Semporna Peninsula (Kirk, 1962), the Crocker formation. Dent Peninsula (Haile and Wong, 9. Thickness : Estimated thickness of the strata 1965), the Pensiangan and upper present in the type section is 9,100 Kinabatangan area (Collenette, m. 1965a), and the Bidu-Bidu Hills 10. Lithology : Consists of rather soft, poorly area (Newton-Smith, 1967).

118 CENOZOIC bedded blue-black and blue grey 5. Type area : Trusmadi Mountains, Central mudstone, sandstone, shale, chert Sabah conglomerate, argillaceous 6. Type section : limestone, limestone, 7. Boundaries : The stratigraphical relationship conglomeratic sandstone, between the formation and the greywacke, siltstone, quartzitic surrounding strata is not clear. The greywacke. boundary with the East Crocker 11. Subdivisions : (or the Crocker Formation to the 12. Fossils : east of the Trusmadi Mountains, foraminifera where Collenette (1958) has not Aktinocyclina sp. distinguished between East and Assilina sp. West Crocker formations) has not Cibrohantkenina bermudezi Thalman been fully understood. Liechti Discocyclina sp. (1960) states that the mechanism Distichoplax biserialis (Dietrich) of geosynclinal slope tectonics Distichoplax sp. and its role as facies barrier Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez furnishes the most convincing Globigerina cf. increbescens Bandy explanation of the peculiar (East) Globigerina spp. Crocker-Trusmadi contact. In the Globigerinoides orbitormis mexicana group Kinabalu area, Jacobson (1970) Globorotalia aragonensis Nuttall presumed the relationship Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez between Trusmadi and Crocker Globorotalia cf. cerro-azulensis (Cole) formations is probably a faulted Globorotalia crassata (Cushman) contact. Also, in the area, the Globorotalia aff. globigeriniformis van Bellen Trusmadi formation is intruded by Globorotalia lehneri Cushman & Jarvis the Upper Miocene granitic rocks Globorotalia spinulosa Cushman of the Kinabalu batholith, and is Globorotalia wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton unconformably overlain by the Globorotalia spp. Quaternary Pinosuk Gravels. Globotruncana spp. 8. Correlation : Liechti et al. (1960) pointed out Gypsina sp. the similarity of the Trusmadi Hantkenina cf. alabamensis Cushman formation lithology to that of the Hastigerina micra (Cole) Mulu and Belaga Formations in Nummulites sp. Sarawak. The age for the Operculina sp. Trusmadi formation suggests a algae correlation in time also with the bryozoa Mulu and Belaga Formations. coral Haile (1969) has included these echinoid three formations in the Rajang mollusc Group which forms the ostracod eugeosynclinal facies of the 13. Env. of deposition : Marine, conditions probably Northwest Borneo Geosyncline, varied from shallow to deep water and depicted in Jacobson (1970). 14. Remarks : Collenette (1965a) classified the 9. Thickness : Minimum estimate about 2,000 m. formation in the Rajang Group. Jacobson (1970) assumed hundreds to few thousands of C43. metres. 10. Lithology : Consists mainly of dark blue-grey 1. Name : Trusmadi formation mudstone, shale, and quartzite, 2. Origin of name : Trusmadi Mountains mildly metamorphosed in places, 3. Age : Paleocene to Middle Eocene with subordinate beds of quartzite, 4. References : Collenette (1957, 1958, 1965a), sandstone, siltstone, and limestone Jacobson (1970), Liechti et al. breccia. Jacobson (1970) indicate (1960) the occurrence of cataclasites

119 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA (sheared argillite beds containing (Liechti et al., 1960) divided the angular to subrounded sandstone ‘Trusmadi Formation’ into the blocks) and volcanic rocks ‘Trusmadi Slates’ and ‘Trusmadi (mainly spilite) in the Kinabalu Phyllites’. The ‘Trusmadi area. Phyllites’ apparently overlie and 11. Subdivisions : The ‘Trusmadi Slates’ and flank the ‘Trusmadi Slates’, and ‘Phyllites’ are formally named, are more tectonically disturbed. but not given member status as However, these units have not their relationship is still somewhat been differentiated on a published obscure. map and it is not certain whether 12. Fossils : they are valid (Collenette, 1965a). foraminifera In the Kinabalu area, Jacobson Aktinocyclina sp. (1970) stated that the rocks Alveolina (Flosculina) sp. assigned to the ‘Trusmadi Alveolina sp. Formation’ include some that were Assilina sp. previously mapped as ‘Wariu Bathysiphon spp. Formation’ by Bowen and Wright Cyclammina spp. (Liechti et al., 1960), and as Discocyclina sp. ‘Undivided Eocene to Miocene’ Distichoplax biserialis (Dietrich) by Collenette (1958). Eulinderina sp. Gaudryina sp. C44. Globigerina spp. 1. Name : Crocker formation Haplophragmoides spp. 2. Origin of name : Crocker Range, Sabah Heterostegina sp. 3. Age :?Paleocene to ?Lower Oligocene Miscellanea (Ranikothalia) sp. (Newton-Smith, 1967), Paleocene Nummulites sp. to Lower Miocene (Jacobson, Operculina sp. 1970), Paleocene to Miocene Operculinella sp. 4. References : Collenette (1957, 1958, 1965a), Opertorbitolites sp. Jacobson (1970), Newton-Smith Pellatispira sp. (1967), Wilson (1961), Wilson and Rotalia sp. Wong (1964) Somalina sp. 5. Type area : Crocker Range, western Sabah Trochammina renzi 6. Type section : Trochammina spp. 7. Boundaries : In northeast Sabah, in the Sugut 13. Env. of deposition : The general lack of coarse River area, the Upper Miocene sediments suggest eugeosynclinal Bongaya Formation rests conditions, and the marginal unconformably on the Crocker limestone breccias indicate that formation. In Bidu-Bidu Hills the area of deposition was area, the Crocker formation bounded by a submarine scarp on probably overlies the ‘Chert- the southwest. Marine Spilite Formation’, but the contact environment with at least has nowhere been observed moderate depths of water is (Newton-Smith, 1967). In western indicated by Jacobson (1970). Sabah, in the Padas Gorge, the 14. Remarks : Formerly known as Old Slate formation interfingers with the Formation by G. Niethammer and Temburong formation (Wilson W. Hotz, who investigated the and Wong, 1964). Jacobson (1970) area from 1913 to 1915. It was stated that in the Kinabalu area, later substituted to Slate at Tenompok and in Sungai Formation by Reinhard and Wenk Kuamanan, the formation is (1951). Later, Collenette (1958) faulted against the Trusmadi introduced the term Trusmadi formation. Also, the Crocker Formation. Bowen and Wright

120 CENOZOIC formation is intruded by the Upper Haplophragmoides walteri (Grzybowski, 1898) Miocene Kinabalu batholith and Haplophragmoides spp. is overlain by the Quaternary Heterostegina sp. Pinosuk Gravels with angular Miscellanea (Ranikothalia) sp. unconformity. Nummulites sp. 8. Correlation : Considered partly as the Operculina sp. stratigraphic equivalent of the Operculinella sp. Trusmadi formation. Opertorbitolites cf. douvillei Nuttall 9. Thickness : Not ascertained but estimated not Opertorbitolites sp. less than 6,000 m. In Bidu-Bidu Reophax sp. Hills area estimated probably at Somalina sp. least 900 m. Trochammina spp. 10. Lithology : Comprise massive and thinly Trochamminoides subcoronata (Rzehak, Grzybowski, bedded grey sandstone and 1896) siltstone, and grey, red, green, and Trochamminoides sp. black mudstone and shale, and Uvigerina sp. rare beds of conglomerate and ichnofossil limestone. In the Sugut River area, Cosmoraphe fusci Wilson (1961) stated that the Helminthoida labyrinthica formation is essentially a highly ?Scoyenia sp. folded series of sandstone and Skolithos sp. shale beds. Wilson and Wong Taphrelminthopsis auricularis (1964) mentioned that it is ?Thallassinoides sp. impossible to lithologically plant separate the Crocker formation remains and the Temburong formation, but 13. Env. of deposition : Deposited in the foredeep of the they nevertheless remark that the Northwest Borneo Geosyncline, former is dominantly arenaceous partly in shallow neritic while the latter is dominantly conditions and partly in deeper argillaceous. water. Newton-Smith (1967) 11. Subdivisions : Bowen and Wright (1957) divided explained deposition under the formation into East and West eugeosynclinal conditions, and the Crocker formations (Liechti et al., deposits typical of deep waters of 1960). Wilson (1961) introduced a geosynclinal trough. Jacobson the Banggi Limestone Member (1970) interpreted marine and concluded from fossil environment in moderate depth of evidence that it is a facies of the water, deposition of clastic Crocker formation. material at the base of slope 12. Fossils : involving tubidity currents, mass- foraminifera flow and slumping, possibly Aktinocyclina sp. eugeosynclinal. Tajul Anuar Alveolina (Flosculina) sp. (1989) noted that even though the Alveolina sp. typical flysch sediments indicate Ammodiscus sp. deep water environment, shallow Assilina sp. marine to continental origin is also Bathysiphon spp. present. Biloculina sp. 14. Remarks : Formerly described as ‘Eocene Cyclammina spp. Formation’, ‘Undivided Tertiary’, Discocyclina sp. and ‘Crocker Range type Distichoplax biserialis (Dietrich) sediments’. Collenette (1957) Gaudryina sp. proposed the term ‘Crocker Globorotalia velascoensis var. Formation’ for the sedimentary Globorotalia sp. rocks on which the Crocker Range Glomospira sp. is built. Bowen and Wright

121 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA (Liechti et al., 1960) divided the northern margin, the limestone is formation into the West and East faulted against the South Banggi Crocker Formations. Collenette Formation. (1965a) considered that the 8. Correlation : division was inapplicable outside 9. Thickness : Indeterminate the type locality of the East 10. Lithology : Hard, heavily fractured, grey to Crocker Formation near buff, granular limestone to chalky Keningau. Wilford (1967) adhered limestone to massive, sandy to the division but reverted to the limestone to compact calcareous name ‘Crocker Formation’ for the grit. West Crocker Formation. The 11. Subdivisions : rocks flanking Gunong Kinabalu 12. Fossils : were assigned by Wilford to the foraminifera Crocker Formation, but are in fact Actinocyclina sp. a faulted complex referable to the Asterocyclina sp. Crocker, Trusmadi and Chert- Discocyclina sp. Spilite formations and to the ?Nummulites sp. Crystalline Basement (Jacobson Operculina sp. (1970). On Klias Peninsula, Rupertiidae Sabah, to the east of Batu Linting algae and at Tanjong Klias, the Setap echinoid Shale Formation of Liechti et al. ostracod (1960), is referred to the Crocker 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow water Formation on account of its 14. Remarks : Wilson (1961) noted that the rocks mainly arenaceous nature (Wilson of the Banggi Limestone member and Wong, 1964). Wilson (1961) is distinguished from the adjacent referred the rocks of the Sugut Upper Miocene rocks by their River area (formerly termed contrasting lithology and ‘Sugut Group’) and the rocks of structure, and based on the the Kaindangan Formation to the presence of the Eocene Crocker Formation, since similar foraminifera is correlated with the lithology and age, and also in Crocker formation. structural continuity. Tajul Anuar (1989) focussed on the Crocker C45. Formation primary sedimentary 1. Name : East Crocker Formation structures and the environmental 2. Origin of name : The northern Crocker Range, significance, found in the Sabah Tamparuli area. 3. Age : Paleocene to Lower Eocene 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960) C44.1. 5. Type area : 1. Name : Banggi Limestone member 6. Type section : The Pegalan River with its 2. Origin of name : Pulau Banggi, Sabah tributaries above Keningau, Sabah 3. Age : Eocene 7. Boundaries : The basal or rather lateral 4. References : Wilson (1961) boundary with the Trusmadi 5. Type area : The type area is not indicated but formation is a facies limit of the limestone is only exposed over an first order, formed by a area of about 2.6 sq. km on the geosynclinal slope which southern tip of Banggi Island, represents an area of strong where it builds two rocky depositional faulting separating an promontories projecting outer unstable shelf on which the southwestwards towards Marudu East Crocker Formation was Bay. deposited, from an adjacent 6. Type section : eugeosyncline, where the 7. Boundaries : The base is not exposed. Along its Trusmadi formation was

122 CENOZOIC deposited. The top boundary with 9. Thickness : Perhaps in the order of 6,000- the West Crocker formation is a 9,000 m gradual transition and rests on 10. Lithology : A predominantly arenaceous very minor lithological succession of sandstones, shales distinctions. and mudstones, characterised by 8. Correlation : monotonous lithology and rather 9. Thickness : Difficult to estimate due to the rich, though exclusively broken and contorted nature. arenaceous, foraminiferal faunas. 10. Lithology : A predominantly arenaceous 11. Subdivisions : The Pa Plandok Marl Member submetamorphic alternation of 12. Fossils : sandstones and occasional foraminifera conglomerates with mudstones, Ammodiscus sp. marls and shales. The argillaceous Bathysiphon spp. components make up less than Cyclammina 1 half the formation. Cyclammina spp. 11. Subdivisions : None Haplophragmoides spp. 12. Fossils : Trochammina 10 foraminifera Trochammina spp. Globigerina spp. Trochamminoides 1 Globorotalia aragonensis Nuttal 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow to outer neritic Globorotalia cf. crassa d’Orbigny var. pentacamerata conditions, which locally/ Subbotina temporarily changed into brackish Globorotalia velascoensis Cushman conditions. Globorotalia wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton 14. Remarks : Liechti et al. (1960) remarks that Globotruncana sp. the lithological characteristics of Haplophragmoides 19A the formation are largely the same Trochammina 10 as those of the East Crocker 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow neritic waters. There is Formation, except that the West evidence indicating local or Crocker formation is inferred temporary brackish-water richer in arenaceous foraminifera conditions. and the presence of the Pa Plandok 14. Remarks : Collenette (1957) created the term Marls which are rich in pelagic ‘Crocker Formation’. He, foraminifera, as compared with however, did not differentiate it the East Crocker Formation.. into East and West Crocker formations (Collenette; 1958, C46.1. 1965a). 1. Name : Pa Plandok Marl Member 2. Origin of name : Pa Plandok River C46. 3. Age : Upper Eocene to ?Lower Miocene 1. Name : West Crocker formation 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960) 2. Origin of name : Crocker Range Area 5. Type area : 3. Age : Eocene to Miocene 6. Type section : The Pa Plandok River in the Pa 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960) Plandok Syncline, in the Ulu 5. Type area : Padas Area, across the boundary 6. Type section : between Kalimantan and Sabah. 7. Boundaries : 7. Boundaries : The member is contained in the 8. Correlation : Interfingers and largely overlies West Crocker formation, of which the East Crocker Formation in it forms part. Its position is close perfect conformity. The top to the top in the upper half of the boundary is in the south either formation. with Setap Shale Formation or 8. Correlation : Meligan Formation, in the north 9. Thickness : At the type locality a thickness of with Wariu formation. 300-450 m is developed but

123 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA appears to occur sporadically over (1965) mentioned in the Dent a total interval of 900-1,050 m. Peninsula area, the outcrops of the 10. Lithology : Various beds of calcareous shale Kulapis formation are associated and marl alternating with shale with dolerite, altered basalt, and and mudstone in the uppermost chert, but the field relations are not part of the West Crocker clear. formation. 11. Subdivisions : 11. Subdivisions : 12. Fossils : 12. Fossils : foraminifera foraminifera Bathysiphon spp. 13. Env. of deposition : Open marine, i.e. neritic, probably Cyclammina sp. outer neritic with infered depths Globorotalia mayeri Cushman & Ellisor of water down to 180 m. Glomospira sp. 14. Remarks : Haplophragmoides narivaensis (Bronnimann) Haplophragmoides walteri (Grzybowski, 1898) C47. Haplophragmoides sp. Lagenammina sp. 1. Name : Kulapis formation Trochammina sp. 2. Origin of name : Sungai Kulapis Trochamminoides sp. 3. Age : Eocene (Fitch; 1955, 1958), Upper Verneuilina sp. (?) Eocene or Oligocene (Collenette, radiolaria (from loose blocks in or associated with 1965a), Uncertain, probably Kulapis Formation) Paleogene (Haile and Wong, Adelocyrtis sp. 1965), ?Oligocene, ?Tcd to ?Te 1-4 Cenosphaera sp. (Newton-Smith, 1967) Cyrtocapsa sp. 4. References : Collenette (1965a), Fitch (1955, Cyrtophornis sp. 1958), Haile and Wong (1965), Hagiastrum sp. Newton-Smith (1967) Lithopium sp. 5. Type area : Sungai Kulapis Meyenella sp. 6. Type section : Pterocanium sp. 7. Boundaries : The formation underlies the Rhopalastrum sp. Tanjung Formation along the Stichopera sp. northern edge of the Bangan Basin Theocapsa sp. with marked unconformity. In the Triacartus sp. Bidu-Bidu Hills area on the Tricolocapsa sp. eastern part of Rumidi Estate the Xiphosphaera sp. formation appears to rest 13. Env. of deposition : Presumably marine (from unconformably on the Chert- evidence of the few foraminifers Spilite formation (Newton-Smith, found in it, and the gross 1967). lithology) and the sandstones of 8. Correlation : Presumed the equivalent of either greywacke type may be turbidites the upper part of the Crocker (refer Fitch, 1958; Collenette, formation or the lower part of the 1965a; Haile and Wong, 1965). Labang formation. 14. Remarks : The term ‘Kulapis Formation’ was 9. Thickness : Presumed several hundreds of introduced by W.F. Schneeberger metres. In Bidu-Bidu area the (1937). Fitch (1958) modified exposed part is at least 365-450 Schneeberger’s description to m (Newton-Smith, 1967). exclude dark grey quartzitic, 10. Lithology : Consist of red, purple, and grey jointed, and pillow-structured sandstone interbedded with red, sandstone which he believed was buff, green, and grey mudstone/ part of the Crocker formation, but shale and less commonly with red he included chert. In the Bidu- chert and rare limestone and Bidu Hills area Newton-Smith conglomerate. Haile and Wong (1967), excluded grey quartzitic

124 CENOZOIC sandstone and chert from the ‘Volcanic Facies’. Kulapis formation, the former is 12. Fossils : included in the Crocker or Chert- foraminifera Spilite formations, and the latter Acervulina sp. in the Chert-Spilite formation. Alveolinella globulosa Rutten Ammodiscus grzybowskii (Emiliani) C48. Ammodiscus spp. Amphistegina sp. 1. Name : Kalumpang Formation Asterigerina spp. 2. Origin of name : Uncertain, presumably Sungai Austrotrillina howchini Schlumberger Kalumpang or Kalumpang Valley, Bathysiphon cylindrica (Glaessner) Semporna Peninsula, Sabah Bolivina spp. 3. Age : Upper Oligocene to Upper Borelis sp. Miocene (Kirk, 1962); Upper Bulimina sp. Oligocene to Upper Miocene Carpenteria sp. (Lee, 1988); Lower to Middle Cibicides sp. Miocene (Lim, 1981) Cristellaria spp. 4. References : Kirk (1962), Lee (1988), Lim Cyclammina amplectens (Grzybowski) (1981) Cyclammina spp. 5. Type area : Upper Sungai Kalumpang and Cycloclypeus (Katacycloclypeus) annulatus Martin Binuang Valleys, Semporna Cycloclypeus (Katacycloclypeus) cf. annulatus Mar- Peninsula, Sabah. tin 6. Type section : Northern tributary of the River Cycloclypeus sp. Kalumpang, 6.5 km west of the Cyroidina soldanii (d’Orbigny) mouth of the River Malati, and in Dentalina spp. the adjacent headwaters of the Discorbis sp. River Binuang. Eggerella bradyi (Cushman) 7. Boundaries : The formation is thrust-faulted Ehrenbergina spp. against the Chert-Spilite Flosculinella sp. formation, and so the basal Frondicularia spp. boundary is not exposed. The Gaudryina spp. formation is overlain by, probably Globigerina binaiensis Koch unconformably, by the Umas Globigerina binaiensis Koch var. Umas formation in the lower Globigerina cf. ciperoensis Bolli Umas Umas Valley, by Tertiary Globigerina cf. increbescens Bandy volcanic rocks in the Mount Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez var. Magdalena and Mount Globigerina subcretacea Chapman Wullersdorf areas, and by Globigerina trilobus (Reuss) Quaternary sediments in the Globigerina sp. Balung Valley. Globigerinatella insueta Cushman & Stainforth 8. Correlation : Globigerinoides cf. trilobus (Reuss) 9. Thickness : Estimated probably in the order of Globigerinoides glomerosa Blow thousands of metres Globigerinoides rubra d’Orbigny var. 10. Lithology : Consists predominantly of Globigerinoides sacculiferus Brady mudstone and shale with Globigerinoides subquadratus Bronniman interbedded sandstone (in part Globigerinoides trilobus (Reuss) greywacke), conglomerate, Globigerinoides sp. (G. rubra group) limestone, marl and rare chert. Globigerinoides sp. (G. triloba group) Volcanic detritus occurs in varying Globigerinoides spp. proportions in the sediments and Globoquadrina altispira Cushman & Jarvis beds of coarse tuffite are common. Globoquadrina dehiscens Chapman, Parr & Collins 11. Subdivisions : Sebatik Sandstone-Shale member, Globoquadrina venezuelana Hedberg Sipit Limestone member, Globoquadrina venezuelana Hedberg var. ‘Sandstone Chert Facies’, Globoquadrina spp.

125 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez Trochammina renzi Nom. Nov. Globorotalia cerroazulensis Cole Trochammina sp. Globorotalia cf. fohsi barrisanensis Leroy Trochamminoides spp. Globorotalia crassata Cushman Uvigerina spp. Globorotalia mayeri Cushman & Ellisor radiolaria Globorotalia nana (Bolli) ?Cephalopyramis sp. Globorotalia seitula Brady var. ?Circospiris sp. Globorotalia siakensis (Leroy) ?Eusyringium sp. Globorotalia spinulosa Cushman ?Glycobotrys sp. Globorotalia wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton Adelocyrtis sp. Globorotalia spp. Botropyle sp. Glomospira spp. Cenellipsis sp. Gypsina globulus Reuss Cenosphaera sp. Gypsina sp. Cornutella sp. Gyroidina sp. Cryptocapsa sp. Halkyardia sp. Dicolocapsa sp. Haplophragmoides narivaensis (Bronnimann) Dictyomitra sp. Haplophragmoides walteri (Grzybowski) Druppula sp. Haplophragmoides sp. Eucyrtidium sp. Heterostegina spp. Flustrella (Centrospira) sp. Lepidocyclina ferreroi Provale Flustrella sl. sp. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) sp. Flustrella sp. Lepidocyclina (isolepidine type) Glycobotrys sp. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) cf. angulosa Provale Halicapsa sp. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) cf. sumatrensis Brady Lithapium sp. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) spp. Lithapium sp. Lepidocyclina spp. Melitosphaera sp. Marginospora sp. Meyenella meyeni Miogypsina spp. Sethocyrtis sp. Miogypsinoides sp. Spongasteriscus sp. Neoalveolina sp. Spongolena sp. Nodosaria spp. Spongotrochus cf. Stylospongia sp. Nonion spp. Stichopera sp. Nummulites sp. Stylostaurus sp. Opercuinella sp. Syringium sp. Operculina sp. Theocapsa sp. Operculinoides sp. Triacartus sp. Orbulina bilobata d’Orbigny Tricolocapsa sp. Orbulina suturalis Bronniman algae Orbulina universa d’Orbigny bryozoa Orbulina spp. coral Planorbulina sp. echinoid Planorbulinella sp. spine Psammosiphonella carapitana (Hedberg) gastropod Psammosiphonella irregularis (Leroy) 13. Env. of deposition : Deposited in a geosynclinal Psammosphaera placenta (Grzybowski) environment bounded on the south Psammosiphonella spp. and east by a region of shelf Pullenia spp. deposition in which the Quinqueloculina sp. carbonaceous sediments of the Rotalia spp. Sebatik Sandstone-Shale member Sorites sp. and the limestone of the Sipit Sphaeroidinella multiloba Leroy Limestone member were ?Spiroclypeus sp. deposited. Lim (1981) states Textularia spp. deposition in a variety of

126 CENOZOIC holomarine neritic environments. 4. References : Kirk (1962) Lee (1988) explained deposition 5. Type area : was initially in a deep marine 6. Type section : environment but later in a much 7. Boundaries : shallower condition. 8. Correlation : 14. Remarks : The term ‘Kalumpang Formation’ 9. Thickness : Excess of 85 m. was first introduced by Kirk 10. Lithology : Massive limestone (essentially of (1962). However, Leong (1974) biohermal type) forming four reassigned some of the small separate hills on the sedimentary sequences in the northern coast of Semporna Tingkayu area and the type area Peninsula near the mouth of the at Binuang, as well as the massive Sipit River. dacitic tuff in the Mostyn area to 11. Subdivisions : the Kuamut formation. 12. Fossils : foraminifera (mainly of) C48.1. Lepidocyclina sp. Miogypsina sp. 1. Name : Sebatik Sandstone-Shale member Heterostegina sp. 2. Origin of name : Operculina sp. 3. Age : Not differentiated algae 4. References : Kirk (1962) 13. Env. of deposition : Refer formation 5. Type area : The type locality is the Sebatik 14. Remarks : Island. 6. Type section : 7. Boundaries : C48.3. 8. Correlation : 1. Name : Sandstone Chert facies 9. Thickness : Estimated approx. about 2,700 m 2. Origin of name : The lithology of the area 10. Lithology : Consists of a thick succession of 3. Age : Refer formation strongly folded shale and 4. References : Kirk (1962) mudstone, some of which is 5. Type area : carbonaceous, and beds of 6. Type section : sandstone. 7. Boundaries : 11. Subdivisions : 8. Correlation : 12. Fossils : 9. Thickness : foraminifera 10. Lithology : Consists of thick beds of Globigerina binaiensis Koch sandstone, mainly greywacke, Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez with layers of chert, with sparse Globigerinoides sp. (G. rubra group) conglomerate and shale. Globigerinoides sp. (G. triloba group) 11. Subdivisions : Globoquadrina venezuelana Hedberg 12. Fossils : Haplophragmoides sp. radiolaria (from the chert, refer formation) Trochammina sp. 13. Env. of deposition :Refer formation bivalve 14. Remarks : plant remains C48.4. 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow water, with brackish 1. Name : Volcanic facies deltaic conditions prevailing at 2. Origin of name : times. 3. Age : Refer formation 14. Remarks : 4. References : 5. Type area : C48.2. 6. Type section : 1. Name : Sipit Limestone member 7. Boundaries : 2. Origin of name : 8. Correlation : 3. Age : Not differentiated 9. Thickness :

127 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA 10. Lithology : Consists of thick folded beds of 13. Env. of deposition : Marine volcanic rocks (dacite tuff, tuffitic 14. Remarks : Haile and Wong (1965) argue that breccia, feldspathic tuff, the Napu sandstones may be a tuffaceous mudstone, tuff, faulted inlier of Eocene age, and keratophyre lava and tuff) with considered more likely that the blocks of feldspathic sandstone Tab (Eocene) fauna is reworked. and limestone. They described the formation as 11. Subdivisions : an informal rock unit and 12. Fossils : considered the Napu sandstones to foraminifera (from the limestone blocks, refer forma- be probably part of the Labang tion) formation. 13. Env. of deposition : Refer formation 14. Remarks : C50. 1. Name : Temburong formation C.49. 2. Origin of name : Temburong River, Brunei 1. Name : Napu sandstones 3. Age : Oligocene to Upper Miocene 2. Origin of name : Bulud Napu Ridge, Sabah 4. References : Brondijk (1962), Wilson and 3. Age : ?Eocene (Ta-b) - reworked? Wong (1964) 4. References : Haile and Wong (1965) 5. Type area :Type locality is at the headwaters 5. Type area : of the Temburong River in Brunei. 6. Type section : 6. Type section : 7. Boundaries : 7. Boundaries : The base of the formation has not 8. Correlation : Considered to be probably part of been observed, but overlies, the Labang formation. apparently conformably, the Mulu 9. Thickness : Estimated approx. 1,100 m and Kelalan Formations. Laterally 10. Lithology : Consists of conglomeratic the formation passes gradually to mudstone, granule conglomerate, the north-northeast into the West sandstone, and thick massive Crocker formation and also into sandstone. The conglomeratic the softer marly Tubau formation. mudstone contains algal Overlain by the Meligan limestone, calcareous sandstone, Formation in the Padas Valley area sandy calcarenite, and calcareous and by the Setap Shale Formation chert-pebble conglomerate, in a on Labuan Island and Klias matrix of pebbly mudstone. The Peninsula. In Ulu Padas, the granule conglomerate is youngest part of the Temburong composed of granules of formation contains few radiolarian chert, siltstone, interdigitations of arenaceous limestone, sandstone, ?tuff in a Crocker formation. calcareous matrix. 8. Correlation : 11. Subdivisions : 9. Thickness : 12. Fossils : 10. Lithology : Comprises a predominantly shaly foraminifera sequence with locally intercalated Alveolina sp. sandstone layers. Wilson and Asterocyclina sp. Wong (1964) defined as Biplanispira sp argillaceous sequence Discocyclina spp. characterised by rhythmic Nummulites spp. repetitions of siltstone and shale, ?Operculinoides sp. and lenticles of limestone occur Pellatispira sp. locally. algae 11. Subdivisions : Distichoplax sp. 12. Fossils : shell foraminifera remain Ammobaculites spp.

128 CENOZOIC Ammodiscus sp. occasional benthic associations. Amphistegina sp. 14. Remarks : The formation was formerly Bathysiphon sp. described as Shale-Quartzite Bulimina sp. Series, and later part of the Bulimina sp. formation was named as Eocene Cristellarea sp. or Kelalan Formation. Brondijk Cristellaria sp. (1962) retained the Setap Shale Cyclammina sp. Formation for the softer slates and Gaudryina sp. clays and reintroduced the Gaudryina sp. Temburong Formation for the hard Globigerina binaiensis Koch var. shales. Wilson and Wong (1964) Globigerina cf. ciperoensis Bolli mentioned that it is impossible to Globigerina cf. increbescens Bandy lithologically separate the Crocker Globigerina dissimilis Cushman and Bermudez var. Formation and the Temburong Globigerina sp. Formation, but they nevertheless Globigerinoides ‘rubra group’ remarked that the former is Globigerinoides ‘triloba group’ dominantly arenaceous while the Globigerinoides index Finley latter is dominantly argillaceous. Globigerinoides semi-involuta Keijzer Globigerinoides spp. C51. Globoquadrina sp. 1. Name : Labang formation Globoquadrina venezuelana (Hedberg) 2. Origin of name : Village of Labang, on the east Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez bank of the Sapulut River, Sabah. Globorotalia meyeri Cushman & Ellisor 3. Age : Oligocene to Lower Miocene Glomospira sp. (Collenette, 1965a); Lower Gypsina sp. Miocene (Haile and Wong, 1965) Hantkenina alabamensis Cushman 4. References : Collenette (1965a), Haile and Haplophragmoides walkeri (Grzybowski) Wong (1965), Leong (1974) Haplophragmoides sp. 5. Type area : Small synclinal basin which lies Hastigerina micra (Cole) in the Sapulut Valley, its centre Heterostegina borneensis van der Vlerk about 10 km east of Sapulut, Heterostegina sp. Sabah. Kalamopsis spp. 6. Type section : Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) cf. ephippioides Jones & 7. Boundaries : In the type area, the formation Chapman rests unconformably on the Lepidocyclina sp. Sapulut Formation. Between Miogypsinoides sp. Bukit Tambunan and the Saburan Operculina spp. River, the formation is overlain by Psammosiphonella spp. the Tanjong formation. An Quinqueloculina sp. unconformity is suggested. In the Reophax sp. east of the Sibuda Valley an Trochammina sp. unconformity between the Labang Trochamminoides spp. and Kapilit formations is also Uvigerina sp. suggested. Haile and Wong (1965) Valvulina spp. states that the Labang formation Verneuilina sp. probably overlies Kulapis Virgulina sp. formation, to the north, and in the plant Kinabatangan Valley is overlain, remain probably unconformably, by the 13. Env. of deposition : Deposited on a basin slope Gomantong Limestone and adjacent to a basin trough, and Tanjong formations. In the partly in submarine canyons. The Segama-Darvel Bay area, the faunas mostly indicate an open formation is tentatively mapped in marine environment, with

129 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA the Sungai Malubuk area (Leong, Gypsina spp. 1974), where it overlies Gyroidina sp. unconformably the volcanic rocks Heterostegina borneensis van der Vlerk of the Chert-Spilite formation. Heterostegina cf. borneensis van der Vlerk 8. Correlation : Heterostegina sp. 9. Thickness : In the type area estimated about Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) formosa Schlumberger 3,000 m. The formation is Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) cf. ephippioides probably considerably thicker, Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) cf. sumatrensis Brady exceeding 4,000 m. Haile and Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) spp. Wong (1965) estimated thickness Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) spp. probably exceeds 1,500 m. Leong Lepidocyclina (Nephro- or Tryblio- lepidina sp. (1974) estimated at least 1,200 m Lepidocyclina spp. of the sandstone-mudstone ?Miogypsinoides sp. sequence between the Malua and Nephrolepidina sp. Malubuk Valleys. Neoalveolina pygmaea (Hanzawa) 10. Lithology : Comprises sandstone, siltstone, Neoalveolina sp. mudstone, and limestone. Haile ?Nummulites sp. (reworked) and Wong (1965) indicate the Operculina sp. presence of foraminiferal Operculinoides sp. limestone, and rare conglomerate Planorbulinell sp. nov. and tuffaceous beds in the Dent Rotalia tectoria (Todd & Post) Peninsula. Rupertids 11. Subdivisions : Sphaerogypsina globulus (Reuss) 12. Fossils : Spiroclypeus spp. foraminifera Uvigerina sp. Alveolina sp. algae Amphistegina cf. radiata (Fichtel & Moll) trace fossil Amphistegina spp. Palaeodictyon Austrotrillina howchini (Schlumberger) coral ?Austrotrillina sp. Cyphastraea gemmulifera Gerth Bathysiphon sp. Favia sp. cf. speciosa (Dana) Borelis sp. echinoid Carpentaria sp. mollusc Cyclammina sp. 13. Env. of deposition : Marine environment probably Cycloclypeus sp. under varying depths. Deep water Cycloloculina sp. nov. conditions are suggested by Eulepidina sp. possible turbidites, while shallow Globigerina binaiensis Koch water by the larger limestone Globigerina binaiensis Koch var. masses, some containing corals. Globigerina cf. increbescens Bandy Haile and Wong (1965) suggests Globigerina ciperoensis Bolli outer shelf or deeper water Globigerina cf. ciperoensis Bolli conditions, and resemble Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez var. associations found in the Setap Globigerina spp. Shale Formation of Sarawak and Globigerinoides spp. Brunei. Globoquadrina sp. 14. Remarks : Collenette (1963) classified the Globoquadrina venezuelana (Hedburg) var. formation in the Kinabatangan Globorotalia mayeri Cushman & Ellisor Group. Leong (1974), based on Globorotalia sp. lithological and structural grounds Gypsina discus Goes tentatively mapped as Labang Gypsina globula (Reuss) formation the rock unit Gypsina pygmea (Hanzawa) outcropping in certain parts of the Sungai Malubuk area.

130 CENOZOIC C52. C53. 1. Name : Tambang beds 1. Name : Kamansi beds 2. Origin of name : Sungai Tambang, northeast Sabah 2. Origin of name : Pamol (Kamansi) Estate or Sungai 3. Age : Oligocene to Lower Miocene Kamansi (tributary of S. Labuk), 4. References : Newton-Smith (1967) northeast Sabah 5. Type area : In Sungai Tambang, a north bank 3. Age : ?Oligocene tributary of Sungai Kiabau 4. References : Newton-Smith (1967) 6. Type section : 5. Type area : Road cuts on Pamol (Kamansi) 7. Boundaries : Unknown as outcrop bounded by Estate faults. 6. Type section : 8. Correlation : 7. Boundaries : In the area adjacent of Kuala Sapi, 9. Thickness : Unknown, but estimated possibly the Kamansi beds are probably as much as 900 m. overlain unconformably by the 10. Lithology : Comprise fine to coarse-grained, Garinono formation. commonly laminated sandstone, 8. Correlation : calcareous sandstone, calcarenite, 9. Thickness : Unknown, however estimated at and shale. least about 550 m (about 150 m is 11. Subdivisions : exposed) 12. Fossils : 10. Lithology : Comprise gently to strongly foraminifera (Miocene) folded grey sandstone, and grey Austrotrillina cf. striata clayey sandstone, shale, and Borelis sp. mudstone with carbonaceous Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) cf. ephippioides (Jones & material, and subordinate red Parker) mudstone. Lepidocyclina (?Eulepidina) sp. 11. Subdivisions : Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) cf. parva (Oppenoorth) 12. Fossils : Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) sp. foraminifera Neoalveolina sp. Bathysiphon spp. Spiroclypeus sp. Glomospira sp. foraminifera (Eocene reworked) Haplophragmoides sp. Aktinocyclina sp. Trochammina sp. Discocyclina sp. Trochamminoides sp. Fabiana sp. 13. Env. of deposition : Under conditions of a fluctuating Nummulites sp. water depth, partly neritic to Pellatispira sp. paralic, and partly deeper water 13. Env. of deposition : Marine environment under since the presence of a typical varying depth conditions, from flysch-type fauna. brackish to shallow to deep water 14. Remarks : Newton-Smith (1967) introduced 14. Remarks : Newton-Smith (1967) introduced the term Kamansi Beds, and noted the term Tambang beds, and noted the beds have faunal and that the beds have a similar age, depositional features akin to the lithology, and depositional Kudat Formation, but the environment to the Labang sandstones are petrologically formation described by Collenette unlike those of the Kudat (1965a), but the stratigraphic Formation as described by Liechti relationship between the Tambang et al. (1960). beds and the Labang formation is unknown.

131 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA C54. Gypsina sp. 1. Name : Langusan beds Halkyardia sp. 2. Origin of name : Sungai Langusan, a tributary of Hantkenina sp. Sungai Tingkayu, Darvel Bay Heterostegina cf. borneensis van der Vlerk area, Sabah Heterostegina sp. 3. Age : ?Oligocene to Lower Miocene or Lepidocyclina sp. later (Leong, 1974) ?Lepidocyclina sp. 4. References : Leong (1974) Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) sp. 5. Type area : In Sungai Langusan, a tributary of Lepidocyclina (?Eulepidina) sp. Sungai Tingkayu. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) sp. 6. Type section : Linderina sp. 7. Boundaries : Appear to overlie unconformably Neoalveolina sp. on or are in fault contact with Nummulites cf. ficheli Michelotti spilitic rocks and chert of the Nummulites cf. javanus Verbeek Chert-Spilite formation. The Nummulites sp. Langusan beds are most probably ?Nummulites sp. overlain by slump breccia deposits Operculina sp. of the Kuamut formation. Pellatispira cf. madaraszi (Hantken) 8. Correlation : Pellatispira sp. indet. 9. Thickness : Pellatispira sp. 10. Lithology : Steeply dipping interbedded tuff, Planorbulinella sp. tuffaceous shale and limestone Praerhapydionina sp. breccia. Sorites sp. 11. Subdivisions : Spiroclypeus sp. 12. Fossils : ?Spiroclypeus sp. algae coral Corallina sp. echinoid Jania sp. 13. Env. of deposition : Marine environment probably at Lithophyllum quadrangulum Lemoine moderate depths Lithoporella melobesiodes Foslie 14. Remarks : The term ‘Langusan Beds’ was Lithothamnium sp. introduced by Leong (1974). Mesophyllum cf. pfenderae Mesophyllum sp. C55. Subterraniphyllum cf. thomasi Elliot 1. Name : Kudat Formation foraminifera 2. Origin of name : Kudat Peninsula, Sabah Aktinocyclina sp. 3. Age : Miocene Amphistegina sp. 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960) Asterocyclina sp. 5. Type area : Austrotrillina striata Todd & Post 6. Type section : See Members Borelis cf. inflata Adams 7. Boundaries : To the south the formation is Borelis sp. delimited from Wariu Formation Carpentaria sp. by the North Tabilong fault (a Cycloclypeus sp. ‘depositional’ fault). The North Discocyclina spp. Tabilong fault is interpreted as a Fabiania sp. geosynclinal hinge or slope zone, Fasciolites sp. indet. separating the shallow shelf ?Fasciolites sp. indet. sediments (Kudat Formation) Globigerinids from the synchronous Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez eugeosynclinal sediments of the ?Gypsina discus Goes Wariu formation. Gypsina vesicularis sensu Bursch 1947 8. Correlation : Gypsina cf. vesicularis (Parker & Jones) sensu Bursch 9. Thickness : See Members 1947 10. Lithology : Characterised by a predominance

132 CENOZOIC of medium to thick-bedded, Eulepidina sp. quartzose to feldspathic, locally Heterostegina borneensis van der Vlerk calcareous sandstone, an overall Lepidocyclina spp. abundance of lignitic and Miogypsinoides ubaghsi Tan Sin Hok carbonaceous layers, and the Neoalveolina pygmaea Hanzawa presence of red shales throughout Neoalveolina sp. the succession. Detrital Nephrolepidina sp. calcarenites ocur in several places. Nummulites sp. (reworked) 11. Subdivisions : Operculina cf. pyramidum Ehrenberg 12. Fossils : See Members Pellatispira sp. (reworked) 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow neritic to paralic Spiroclypeus sp. 14. Remarks : W.F. Schneeberger’s (1937) ‘Tajau 13. Env. of deposition : Epineritic to littoral Sandstone’ is a synonym of part 14. Remarks : of the present Tajau Sandstone Member. He described the present C55.2. Kudat Formation under the 1. Name :Sekuati Member heading ‘Sugut’. 2. Origin of name : 3. Age : Miocene C55.1. 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960) 1. Name : Tajau Sandstone Member 5. Type area : 2. Origin of name : 6. Type section : Between Miles 10 and 16 on the 3. Age : Miocene Kudat-Sekuati road and along the 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960) north coast of Kudat Harbour. 5. Type area : 7. Boundaries : Overlies the Tajau Sandstone 6. Type section : Across the Kelamboh Anticline Member, but appears to be bonded between Pulau Kelamboh on the by a fault along its southern west coast and Tanjong Agong border, and the relationship to the Agong on the east coast. other members is not clear. 7. Boundaries : The Tajau Sandstone Member in 8. Correlation : the north is in direct contact with 9. Thickness : Estimated 4,800 m Wariu formation and appear to 10. Lithology : Consists of white to ferruginous- form the base of the Kudat yellow, fine to medium grained, Formation. essentially quartzose, well bedded 8. Correlation : sandstones, alternating with a 9. Thickness : Estimated 6,000 m or more similar amount of soft 10. Lithology : The dominant rock is a thick homogenous shales, some coal bedded, coarse grained to gritty, layers and a few foraminiferal micaceous and calcareous calcarenites. feldspathic sandstone, which is 11. Subdivisions : conglomeratic and bears hard 12. Fossils : foraminifera calcareous concretions up to 0.9 13. Env. of deposition : Inner neritic to paralic conditions m in diameter. Subordinate rocks 14. Remarks : alternating with the sandstone include; limestone, dark grey C55.3. marls, with reworked green shales, 1. Name : Garau Red Shale Member red and green marly mudstones, 2. Origin of name : and lignite. 3. Age : Miocene 11. Subdivisions : 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960) 12. Fossils : 5. Type area : foraminifera 6. Type section : South flank of the Gomantong Biplanispira sp. (reworked) Anticline between Bukit Cycloclypeus eidae Tan Sin Hok Gomantong and the Langkon- Discocyclina sp. (reworked) Kudat bridle path.

133 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA 7. Boundaries : The lenticular Garau Red Shale red or green shales with silty Member is overlain by and claystone or argillaceous siltstone. interfingers with the Gomantong 11. Subdivisions : Member. 12. Fossils : foraminifera 8. Correlation : 13. Env. of deposition : Littoral or paralic condition 9. Thickness : Estimated 2,400-3,000 m 14. Remarks : 10. Lithology : A predominantly argillaceous sequence of red shales with C55.5. subordinate, thin bedded, 1. Name : Sirar Member argillaceous or calcareous 2. Origin of name : sandstone, thin bedded, grey silty 3. Age : Miocene shale and rare, massive, lenticular 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960) sandstones at the top. 5. Type area : 11. Subdivisions : 6. Type section : South flank of the Gomantong 12. Fossils : Anticline and southwards to Pulau foraminifera Sirar, Sungai Mukong and Sungai Bathysiphon spp. Kerangawan, from Pulau Sirar and Cyclammina spp. Sungai Kerangawan to Sungai Trochammina spp. Taburan and Sungai Bintasan, 13. Env. of deposition : Marine from Sungai Taburan and Sungai 14. Remarks : Bintasan to the North Tabilong Fault respectively. C55.4. 7. Boundaries : The Gomantong, Sirar and Dudar 1. Name : Gomantong Member Members appear to overlie each 2. Origin of name : other, with the Dudar at the top, 3. Age : Miocene but this does not disprove lateral 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960) intergrading. 5. Type area : 8. Correlation : 6. Type section : South flank of the Gomantong 9. Thickness : Estimated about 2,000 m Anticline and southwards to Pulau 10. Lithology : Consists of arenaceous and Sirar, Sungai Mukong and Sungai argillaceous sediments in equal Kerangawan, from Pulau Sirar and proportion; mainly medium Sungai kerangawan to Sungai bedded to massive, hard, Taburan and Sungai Bintasan, ferruginous, medium to fine from Sungai Taburan and Sungai grained quartzose sandstones, Bintasan to the North Tabilong with current bedding, lignite with Fault respectively. sand laminae and grey, variegated 7. Boundaries : The Gomantong, Sirar and Dudar red or green shales with silty Members appear to overlie each claystone or argillaceous siltstone. other, with the Dudar at the top, 11. Subdivisions : but this does not disprove lateral 12. Fossils : intergrading. 13. Env. of deposition : Littoral or paralic condition 8. Correlation : 14. Remarks : 9. Thickness : Estimated composite thickness 9,000 m C55.6. 10. Lithology : Consists of arenaceous and 1. Name :Dudar Member argillaceous sediments in equal 2. Origin of name : proportion; mainly medium 3. Age : Miocene bedded to massive, hard, 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960) ferruginous, medium to fine 5. Type area : grained quartzose sandstones, 6. Type section : South flank of the Gomantong with current bedding, lignite with Anticline and southwards to Pulau sand laminae and grey, variegated Sirar, Sungai Mukong and Sungai

134 CENOZOIC Kerangawan, from Pulau Sirar and in part the relationship is probably Sungai kerangawan to Sungai one of synchronous juxtaposition. Taburan and Sungai Bintasan, 8. Correlation : from Sungai Taburan and Sungai 9. Thickness : Considerable Bintasan to the North Tabilong 10. Lithology : Conceived as a depositionally Fault respectively. contorted, squeezed and 7. Boundaries : The Dudar Member in the south cataclastic eugeosynclinal scree is in direct contact with Wariu consisting of clastic sedimentary formation and appear to form the rocks and radiolarian cherts in base of the Kudat Formation. The association with so-called Gomantong, Sirar and Dudar ophiolitic or spilitic extrusive Members appear to overlie each rocks, either in situ or as polymict other, with the Dudar at the top, boulder beds or breccias. The but this does not disprove lateral chert and spilitic extrusive rocks intergrading. are characteristic. 8. Correlation : 11. Subdivisions : None 9. Thickness : Estimated about 2,400 m 12. Fossils : 10. Lithology : Consists of arenaceous and foraminifera argillaceous sediments in equal (Te forms) proportion; mainly medium Alveolina sp. bedded to massive, hard, Lepidocyclina angulosa Provale ferruginous, medium to fine Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) sp. grained quartzose sandstones, Miogypsinoides sp. with current bedding, lignite with Spiroclypeus sp. sand laminae and grey, variegated and others red or green shales with silty (Tab forms) claystone or argillaceous siltstone. Assilina sp. 11. Subdivisions : Discocyclina sp. 12. Fossils : Numulites sp. foraminifera and others Discocyclina sp. 13. Env. of deposition : The spilitic pillow lavas and Heterostegina similar rocks indicate truly Miogypsinoides ubaghsi Tan Sin Hok eugeosynclinal nature of the Nephrolepidina sp. environment; of the sedimentary Nummulites spp. rocks, the shales and the matrix Spiroclypeus sp. of the conglomerates are 13. Env. of deposition : Inner neritic environment autochthonous, but a large 14. Remarks : proportion of the components have been flushed in as exotic C56. blocks or olistoliths from the adjacent miogeosynclinal shelf. 1. Name :Wariu formation McManus & Tate (1986) suggest 2. Origin of name : Wariu River, Sabah the chaotic deposits of the 3. Age : Miocene formation are products of mud 4. References : Liechti et al. (1960) volcanism. 5. Type area : Type locality is the Wariu River 14. Remarks : The term ‘Wariu Formation’ is section, north of Kinabalu, Sabah. largely synonymous with 6. Type section : Niethammer’s ‘Verquetschte 7. Boundaries : The base of the Wariu Formation Tertiare Schiefer’, the ‘Chert- is nowhere exposed. The top Spilite Association’ of North boundary is with few exceptions Borneo geologists (Fitch, 1953) an erosional surface. Locally the and Reinhard and Wenk’s (1951) Kudat Formation appears to former ‘Danau Formation’. It has overlie The Wariu Formation, but been introduced by J.M. Bowen

135 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA and in a modified way adopted by Discorbis spp. J.F. Clement to describe the Eggerella sp. cataclastic sediments with minor Eggerella braddyl (Cushman, 1933) chert-splilite occurrences of the Elphidium spp. Kinabalu, Kota Belud, and Kudat Elphidium koeboeense LeRoy Area. Gaudryina spp. Glandulina spp. C57. Globigerina sp. Glomospira sp. 1. Name : Balung formation Haplophragmoides spp. 2. Origin of name : Sungai Balung Kecil, Sabah Haplophragmoides walteri (Grzybowski, 1898) 3. Age : Middle to Upper Miocene Hormosina sp. 4. References : Lim (1981) Kalamopsis grzybowski (Dylanzanka, 1923) 5. Type area : In Sungai Balung Kecil, Sabah. Karrerielva spp. 6. Type section : Lagena sp. 7. Boundaries : The Balung formation probably Lenticulina sp. overlies the Kalumpang Loxostomum karrerianum var. carinatum (Millet) Formation with an angular Nonion japonicum (Asano, 1938) unconformity. The formation Psammosphaera placenta (Grzybowski, 1898) probably underlies andesite and Psammosiphonella spp. dacite along Sg. Balung Kecil. Psammosiphonella carapitana (Hedberg, 1937) Boulder beds of the high-level Psammosiphonella cylindrica (Glaessner, 1937) alluvium overlie the Balung Psammosiphonella irregularis (LeRoy, 1944) formation at Sg. Balung Kecil Quinqueloculina sp. Kanan. Recurvoides deformis (Andreae) 8. Correlation : Reophax sp. 9. Thickness : Estimated near maximum Reusella sp. thickness 400 m Rotalia sp. 10. Lithology : Consists predominantly of Sigmoilopsis schlumbergeri (Silvestri) medium-bedded (6-60 cm), gently Spiroculina spp. dipping, grey volcanic ash, dark Spirosigmollinella sp. grey mudstone, greenish-grey to Streblus ketienzsis (Ishizaki, 1943) grey fine to coarse grained lithic, Textularia sp. crystal-lithic and crystal tuff, Trochammina spp. green-grey shale, and rare thin Trochammina renzi (Renz, 1948) coaly beds. Abundant organic Trochammina renzi Brouwer matter, particularly plant remains, Trochamminoides spp. is present. Trochamminoides subcoronata (Rzehak, Grzybowski, 11. Subdivisions : 1896) 12. Fossils : Usbekistania spp. foraminifera Valvulina sp. Ammobaculites spp. pollen and spore Ammodiscoides Alangium sp. Ammodiscus spp. Alnus sp. Ammodiscua grzybowski (Emiliani) Amylotheca sp. Ammonia sp. Anacolosa sp. Angulogerina angulosa Arenga sp. Bathysiphon sp. Avicennia sp. Bolivina spp. Barringtonia sp. Cibicides sp. Blumeodendron sp. Cribostomoides sp. Brownlowia spp. Cyclammina spp. Calamus sp. Cyclammina cancellata (Brady, 1876) Camptostemon sp. Cyclammina amplectens (Grzybowski) Canthium sp.

136 CENOZOIC Casuarina spp. 6. Type section : Cephalomappa spp. 7. Boundaries : Basal boundary has not been Ceratopteris sp. observed. At Gomantong, the Crudia sp. westerly dipping limestone is Cyclophorus sp. bounded to the east by steeply Dacrydium sp. dipping grey mudstone and Dactylocladus sp. ferruginous sandstone of the Dipterocarpus spp. Labang formation. The limestone Durio sp. apparently overlies the Labang Ephedra sp. formation unconformably. Eugeissona insights 8. Correlation : Eugeissona minor 9. Thickness : Approx. 300 m. Eugeissona sp. 10. Lithology : A compact detrital greyish-orange Ficus sp. limestone, much of it crystallised, Gonystylus sp. composed of foraminifers, algae, Gramineae sp. and corals. Hibiscus sp. 11. Subdivisions : Longetia sp. 12. Fossils : Lycopodium spp. foraminifera Lycopodium cernuum Cycloclypeus eidae Tan Lycopodium phlegmaria Eulepidina spp. Myrtaceae sp. Flosculinella globulosa (Rutten) Nenga sp. Lepidocyclina perornata Douville Palmae Miogypsina spp. Picea sp. Miogypsinoides dehaarti van der Vlerk Pinus sp. Nephrolepidina borneensis Podocarpus sp. Nephrolepidina inflata Podocarpus polystachyus Nephrolepidina sumatrensis Pometia sp. Orbitolites cf. vandervlerki (de Neve) Rhizophora spp. algae Sonneratia spp. coral Stenochlaena spp. echinoid Stenochlaena areolaris 13. Env. of deposition : Marine. Stemonurus sp. 14. Remarks : Haile and Wong (1965) classified Tsuga sp. the formation in the Kinabatangan 13. Env. of deposition : Paralic marine environment with Group. fluctuations from nearshore shallow water to swamp C59. conditions. 1. Name : Meligan Formation 14. Remarks : The name Balung Formation was 2. Origin of name : Meligan River first introduced in 1973 by 3. Age : Upper Miocene geologists of the Sabah Teiseki Oil 4. References : Wilson and Wong (1964) Company Berhad (GSJ CONF. 5. Type area : In the mountainous country 706/36). drained by the Meligan and Pulun Rivers. C58. 6. Type section : In the Meligan River 1. Name : Gomantong Limestone formation 7. Boundaries : Overlies the Temburong and the 2. Origin of name : Gomantong Hill, Dent Peninsula, Crocker formations. In the Sabah Sipitang area, the formation is 3. Age : Upper Miocene overlain unconformably in places 4. References : Haile and Wong (1965) by the Liang formation, but 5. Type area : Type locality is the Gomantong generally its upper surfaces are Hill, Sabah. erosional.

137 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA 8. Correlation : C60. 9. Thickness : Estimated approx. about 5,000 m 1. Name : South Banggi formation 10. Lithology : Composed mainly of buff 2. Origin of name : Banggi Island (occurrence in the sandstone, shale white quartzose southern part), Sabah sandstone and limestone. 3. Age : Upper Miocene 11. Subdivisions : 4. References : Wilson (1961) 12. Fossils : 5. Type area : Wilson (1961) dicussed the foraminifera lithology of the type area but did Ammobaculites sp. not specifically delineate the type Ammobaculoides sp. area. Ammodiscus sp. 6. Type section : Anomalina spp. 7. Boundaries : On both Banggi Island and the Austrotrillina howchini (Schlumberger) mainland (Bengkoka Peninsula) Bathysiphon spp. the formation is highly folded and Bigenerina sp. generally has faulted contacts with Bolivina sp. the adjacent formations, the Chert- Cibicides spp. Spilite or the Bongaya Cristellaria spp. Formations. Cyclammina sp. 8. Correlation : The upper beds of the South Elphidium sp. Banggi formation may be a facies Glandulina sp. of the lower part of the Bongaya Globigerina sp. Formation. Globigerina subcretacea Lomnicki 9. Thickness : Estimated approx. 90 m to 300 m Globigerinoides spp. 10. Lithology : Consists of hard flags of grit, in Gypsina sp. which, constituents that make up Gyroidina sp. the rock include limestone grains, Heterostegina sp. foraminifera, and cement, Hormosina sp. chloritised fragments of basic Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) cf. bridgei Schlumberger igneous rock, chert, and angular Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) cf. formose Schlumberger quartz grains. Limestones in the Lepidocyclina cf. inflata Provale west coast of south Banggi are Lepidocyclina cf. richthofeni Smith also included in the formation. Lepidocyclina spp. Other rock types include Miogypsina (Miogypsinoides) dehaarti van der Vlerk sandstone and siltstone. Miogypsina sp. 11. Subdivisions : Miogypsinoides dehaarti van der Vlerk 12. Fossils : Miogypsinoides sp. foraminifera Nodosaria sp. ?Cycloclypeus sp. Nonion sp. ?Pellatispira Operculina spp. Austrotrillina howchini (Schlumberger) Quinqueloculina spp. Biplanispira Textularia sp. Cycloclypeus sp. plant Discocyclina remain Gypsina spp. trace fossil Heterostegina sp. 13. Env. of deposition : The pure white, current-bedded Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) spp. sandstone was probably deposited Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) spp. in a shallow water littoral to inner Lepidocyclina sp. neritic environment Miogypsina primitiva Tan Sin Hok 14. Remarks : Miogypsina sp. Miogypsinoides abuensis Tobler Miogypsinoides dehaarti van der Vlerk

138 CENOZOIC Miogypsinoides sp. Valley and Darvel Bay areas partly Neoalveolina sp. resembles the Ayer formation, and Nummulites sp. the Garinono formation in the Operculina sp. Sandakan area. The Kuamut Operculinella sp. formation mapped in the Upper Orbulina sp. Tinkayu, Binuang, and Bang Pellatispira areas, which consist of a thick Rupertiidae sequence of sandstone and Spiroclypeus sp. mudstone with some slump algae breccia and interbedded tuff and echinoid tuffite, resembles the lithology of 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine the Kalabakan formation in the 14. Remarks : The South Banggi formation was Kalabakan and Lower Brantian formerly part of the ‘Banggi- areas. However the rock Balambangan Formation’, and sequences in these areas are also includes rocks on the provisionally mapped as Kuamut Bengkoka Peninsula, which was formation owing to the presence formerly referred to the of the tuffaceous beds in the ‘Kaindangan Formation’ (Wilson, sandstone-mudstone sequences 1961). (Leong, 1974). 9. Thickness : Estimated maximum thickness C61. about 1,500 m. Leong (1974) estimated over 3,000 m thick. 1. Name : Kuamut formation 10. Lithology : Comprises sandstone, mudstone, 2. Origin of name : Sungai Kuamut, Upper and conglomerate, with rare Kinabatangan, Sabah occurrences of limestone, chert, 3. Age : Upper Miocene (Collenette, tuff, spilite, basalt, dolerite, and 1965a); late Lower Miocene to ultrabasic rocks. Leong (1974) mainly Upper Miocene (Leong, revealed thick sequences of 1974) steeply dipping tuff, tuffite, and 4. References : Collenette (1965a), Leong (1974) tuffaceous sediments interlayered 5. Type area : Outcrop about 32 km long in the with slump breccia deposits in the lower part of the Kuamut Valley, Upper Segama Valley and Darvel roughly between Gopag Island in Bay areas. The type area the north and Duri Island in the designated by Collenette (1965a), south upon reinvestigation, was found to 6. Type section : consist entirely of slump breccia 7. Boundaries : The formation appears to be deposits. unconformable on the Chert- 11. Subdivisions : Spilite formation and conformable 12. Fossils : beneath the Tanjong formation. foraminifera from mudstone matrix of slump breccia The Kuamut formation probably deposits of (Leong (1974) overlies unconformably on the Ammobaculites sp. tentatively mapped Labang Ammodiscus sp. formation in the Malubuk area. Amphistegina sp. The formation also overlies Angulogerina sp. unconformably on the Crystalline Anomalina sp. Basement in the Upper Segama Bathysiphon spp. Valley, fault contact between the Bigenerina spp. mudstone of the formation and (?)Bigenerina sp. Basement rocks have been Bigerina sp. observed near Kuala Rahsia. Bolivina sp. 8. Correlation : Leong (1974) mentioned that the Bulimina sp. formation in the Upper Segama Cassidulina sp.

139 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Chlostomelloides sp. Glomospira sp. Clavulina sp. Gyroidina soldanii (d’Orbigny) Cibicides praecinatus (Karrer) Gyroidina sp. Cibicides spp. Haplophragmoides carinatum Cushman & Renz Cristellaria sp. Haplophragmoides deformis (Andreas) Cyclammina amplectens (?) (Grzybowski) Haplophragmoides narivaensis Bronnimann Cyclammina cancellata Brady Haplophragmoides walteri (Grzybowsky) Cyclammina minima/amplectens group Haplophragmoides sp. Cyclammina spp. Hormosina sp. Elphidium koeboense LeRoy Itanzawaia sumitomoi Asano & Murata Epistominella pulchella Husezima & Maruhasi Lagena sp. Eponides umbonatus (Reuss) Lagenammina sp. Eponides sp. Laticarinata sp. (?)Eponides sp. Nodosaria sp. Euuvigerina notohispida (Finlay) Nonionella micra Gaudryina spp. Nonion pompilioides (Fichtel & Moll) Glandulina sp. Nonion sp. Globigerina binaiensis Koch Pleurostomella sp. Globigerina binaiensis(?) Koch Psammosphaera placenta (Grzybowsky) Globigerina boweri Psammosphaera fusca (Schulze) Globigerina cf. ciperoensis Bolli Pullenia bulloides (d’Orbigny) Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez Quinqueloculina sp. Globigerina obesa Bolli Rectoglandulina laevigata (d’Orbigny) Globigerina opima nana Bolli Reophax sp. Globigerina pera(?) Todd Rhizammina sp. Globigerina sellii (Borsetti) Rotalia spp. Globigerina sellii (?) (Borsetti) Rotalia? sp. Globigerina cf. tripartita Koch Sigmoilina sp. Globigerina unicava primitiva/pera(?) Sphaeroidina bulloides d’Orbigny Globigerina spp. Siphogenerinoides sp. Globigerinoides bispheria Todd Spiroloculina sp. Globigerinoides diminuta Bolli Spiroplectammina sp. Globigerinoides (?) ruber Textularia sp. Globigerinoides rubra (?) group Triloculina sp. Globigerinoides sacculifera (?) Brady Trochammina renzi nom. nov. Globigerinoides sacculiferous Trochammina spp. Globigerinoides subquadrata Bronniman Trochamminoides subcoronata (Rzehak, Grzybowsky) Globigerinoides triloba (Reuss) Trochamminoides spp. Globigerinoides triloba group Tubulogerina sp. Globigerinoides trilobus Uvigerina hantkeni Cushman & Edwards Globigerinoides trilobus (?) group Uvigerina sp. Globigerinoides spp. Vaginulin sp. Globoquadrina altispira (Cushman & Jarvis) Valvulina sp. Globoquadrina (?) altispira Verneuilina sp. Globoquadrina venezuelana Virgulina sp. Globoquadrina sp. foraminifera from bedded sequence of Leong (1974) Globoquadrina sp.=Globigerina tripartitat Koch var. Ammobaculites sp. Globorotalia crassa Ammodiscus grzybowskii Emiliani Globorotalia kugleri Bolli Ammodiscus sp. Globorotalia mayeri Cushman & Ellisor Ammoidiscus sp. Globorotalia (?) mayeri Amphistegina spp. Globorotalia scitula (Brady) Bathysiphon spp. Globorotalia velascoensis var. Bolivina sp. Globorotalia spp. Cassidulina sp.

140 CENOZOIC Catapsydrax dissimilis (Cushman & Bermudez) Kalamopsis grzybowskii (Dylazanka) Cibicides spp. Lagena spp. Clavulina sp. Lepidocyclina spp. Cyclammina amplectens (Grzybowski) Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) spp. Cyclammina cancellata Brady Miogypsinoides sp. Cyclammina minima LeRoy (?)Miogypsinoides sp. Discocyclina sp. Nodosaria sp. Eggerella bradyi (Cushman) Operculinids Eponides sp. Porticulasphaera transitora (Blow) Frondicularia sp. Pullenia bulloides d’Orbigny Gaudryina spp. (?) Psammosiphonella latissima (Grzybowsky) Globigerina cf. angulisuturalis Bolli Psammosphaera placenta (Grzybowsky) Globigerina binaiensis Koch Recurvoides deformis (Andreae) Globigerina ciperoensis Bolli Rhizammina sp. Globigerina cf. ciperoensis Bolli Sphaeroidinella multiloba LeRoy Globigerina diminuta Bolli Trifarina sp. Globigerina dissimilis (Cushman & Bermudez) Trochammina renzi nom. nov. Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez var. Trochammina sp. Globigerina parva Bolli Trochamminoides spp. Globigerina subscretacea Chapman Uvigerina spp. Globigerina venezuela Hedberg Valvulina sp. Globigerina venezuelana Vulvulina sp. Globigerina spp. algae Globigerinatella insueta Cushman & Stainforth foraminifera from blocks in slump breccia deposits of Globigerinoides bispherica Toddy Leong (1974) Globigerinoides glomerosa Blow Acteonella borneensis nov. sp. Globigerinoides rubra d’Orbigny var. Ammodiscus sp. Globigerinoides subquadratus Bronniman Amphistegina sp. Globigerinoides triloba (Reuss) Anomalina sp. Globigerinoides spp. Asterocyclina sp. Globigerinoides spp. (G. rubra group) Austrotrillina cf. striata Todd & Post Globigerinoides spp. (G. triloba group) Bathysiphon sp. Globoquadrina altispira Cushman & Jarvis Borelis cf. inflata Adams (?) Globoquadrina altispira (Cushman & Jarvis) Borelis sp. Globoquadrina dehiscena Chapman, Parra & Collins Cyclammina amplectens (?) (Grzybowski) Globoquadrina venezuelana Hedberg var. ?Cycloclypeus sp. Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez Dentalina sp. Globorotalia cerroazulensis Cole Discocyclina sp. Globorotalia cf. fohsi barisanensis LeRoy ?Discocyclina sp. Globorotalia mayeri Cushman & Ellisor Fasciolites sp. indet. Globorotalia (?) mayeri Cushman & Ellisor Floborotalis cf. velascoensis (Cushman) Globorotalia (?) nana Bolli Gaudryina sp. Globorotalia cf. opima nana Bolli Glandulina sp. Globorotalia seitula Brady var. Globigerina boweri Globorotalia spinulosa Cushman Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez Globorotalia wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton Globigerina incribescens (?) Bandy Globorotalia sp. Globigerina unicava primitive/pera Globorotaloides suteri Bolli Globigerina cf. veguaensis Weinzierland & Applin Glomospira spp. Globigerina spp. Gyroidina soldanii (d’Orbigny) Globorotalia araganensis Haplophragmoides walteri (Grzybowsky) Globorotalia crassa Haplophragmoides sp. Globorotalia velascoensis var. Heterostegina spp. Globorotalia spp. ?Heterostegina sp. Globotruncana laparenti Brotzen

141 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Globotruncana spp. radiolaria from chert samples of the Kuamut Forma- Glomospira spp. tion of Leong (1974) Glomospora spp. Adelocyritis sp. Guttulina sp. Botropyle sp. Gypsina vesicularis sensu Bursch 1947 Cenellippis sp. Halkyardia sp. Cenosphaera sp. Haplophragmoides walteri (Grzybowsky) ?Cephalopyramis sp. Haplophragmoides sp. ?Circospiris sp. Hastigerina micra (Cole) Cornutella sp. Hedbergella sp. Cryptocapsa sp. Heterohelix navarroensis Dicolocapsa sp. Heterohelix sp. Dictyomitra sp. ?Heterostegina sp. Flustrella sp. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) sp. Lithapium sp. ?Lingulina sp. Meyenella meyeni ?Marsonella sp. Sethocyrtis sp. Nodosaria sp. Spongolena sp. Nonionella micra Spongotrochus cf. Stylospongia sp. Nummulites cf. ficheli Michelotti Spongotronchus sp. Nummulites cf. fishteli Stichopera sp. Nummulites cf. javanus Verbeek Stylostaurus sp. Nummulites sp. Syringium sp. Operculina sp. Theocapsa sp. Orbitolina lenticularis (Blumenbach) sensus Hofker Triacartus s.l. Orbitolina sp. Triacartus sp. Praerhapydionina sp. foraminifera non age-determining foraminifera from Textularia sp. argillaceous samples of the Kuamut formation of Trochammina renzi nom. nov. Leong (1974) Trochammina sp. Ammobaculites sp. Trochamminoides subcoronata (Rzehak, Grzybowsky) Ammodiscoides sp. radiolaria Ammodiscus spp. Cenosphaera sp. Amphistegina sp. Dictyomitra sp. Angulogerina sp. ?Hemicryptocapsa sp. Anomalina sp. ?Melitosphaera sp. Bathysiphon spp. ?Phormocyrtis sp. Bigenerina sp. ?Theococorys sp. Cassidulina sp. algae Chilostomella sp. Archaeolithothamnium cf. aschersoni (Schwag) Cibicides spp. ?Cayeuxia piai Clavulinoides tricarinatus LeRoy Clypeina sp. Cristellaria sp. Corallina sp. Cyclammina amplectens (Grzybowski) Halimeda sp. Cyclammina cancellata Brady Jania sp. Cyclammina spp. Lithoporela melobesiodies Foslie Eponides sp. Lithothamnium sp. Gaudryina spp. Mesophyllum cf. pfenderae Globigerina spp. Mesophyllum sp. Globigerinoides spp. Parachaetetes cf. asrapati Pia Globorotalia sp. Solenopora sp. Glomospira spp. coral Hanzawaia sumitomoi Asano & Murata echinoid Haplophragmoides narivaensis Bronnimann gastropod Haplophragmoides walteri (Grzybowsky) mollusc Haplophragmoides spp.

142 CENOZOIC Kalamopsis grzybowskii (Dylazanka) Group. Leong (1974) classified Kalamopsis subnodosiformis (Grzybowsky) the sandstone-mudstone sequence Lagena sp. in the Upper Umas-Umas, Lagenammina sp. Binuang, and Tingkayu areas and Lituotuba spp. the thick beds of massive dacitic Nodosaria sp. tuff in the Mostyn area, which was Operculina spp. earlier assigned to the Kalumpang Psammosiphonella cylindrica (Glaessner) Formation (Kirk, 1962), in the Psammosiphonella irregularis/cylinderica group Kuamut formation. Psammosiphonella latissima (Grzybowsky) Psammosphaera placenta (Grzybowsky) C62. Quinqueloculina sp. 1. Name : Ayer formation Reophaz sp. 2. Origin of name : Sungai Ayer, Dent Peninsula, Rhizammina sp. Sabah Rotalia sp. 3. Age : Upper Miocene Sphaerodina bulloides d’Orbigny 4. References : Haile and Wong (1965), Leong Textularia sp. (1974) Tritaxilina sp. 5. Type area : Type locality in the headwaters of Trochammina renzi nom. nov. the Sungai Ayer, Dent Peninsula, Trochammina spp. Sabah. Trochamminoides spp. 6. Type section : Trochamminoides subcoronata (Rzehak, Grzybowsky) 7. Boundaries : The base is not known. In the type Uvigerina spp. area the formation is overlain by Valvulina sp. the well bedded sandy and Verneuilina sp. conglomeratic Libong Tuffite. In Vulvulina sp. places the Ayer formation is List of fossils cited in Collenette (1965a): overlain by Tungku formation, algae presumably unconformably. bryozoa Leong (1974) mentioned that the echinoid formation is probably overlain by gastropod or is in fault-contact with the Turritella sp. Tabanak Conglomerate, and also Turris (Turris) cf. carinata (Gray) subsp. in gradational contact with the Terebra (Hastula) sp. indet. Kuamut formation. He also bivalve indicated that within the formation 13. Env. of deposition : Neritic condition. Suggested as a there appears to be a facies change slump or scree deposit. Leong from predominantly calcareous on (1974) explained deposition in the west and tuffaceous towards fault-bounded deep water the east. submarine basin or basins. 8. Correlation : Submarine sliding of a pelitic 9. Thickness : Approx. estimation 2,500 m. mass incorporated blocks from 10. Lithology : Comprises highly disturbed tuffs, fault-zones, depositional slopes slump-breccias, boulder beds, and on the submarine floor to form chert, and pebbly mudstone. the chaotic or slump breccia Leong (1974) mentioned the deposits. The gravity-induced presence of calcareous facies in sliding alternated with flysch-type the formation. sedimentation and volcanic 11. Subdivisions : Tempadong Limestone member activity. McManus & Tate (1986) 12. Fossils : suggest the chaotic deposits of the foraminifera formation are the product of mud Amphistegina sp. volcanism. ?Amphistegina sp. 14. Remarks : Collenette (1963) classified the Asterocyclina sp. formation in the Kinabatangan

143 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Austrotrillina howchini (Schlumberger) 14. Remarks : J.F. Clement and W.K. Bisig Borelis sp. (1959) introduced the term ‘Ayer Cycloclypeus sp. Formation’. Haile and Wong Globigerina binaiensis Koch (1965) classified the formation in Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny the Segama Group, and stated that Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez var. the tuffs and interbedded Globigerina spp. sedimentary rocks are mostly Globigerina subcretacea Lomnicki steeply bedded, in the northern Globigerina tripartita (Koch) part, such as in the Tabin and Globigerinatella insueta Cushman & Stainforth Tagas-Tagas Rivers, the tuffs are Globigerinoides ?altispira (Cushman & Jarvis) mostly fine to medium grained Globigerinoides altispira (Cushman & Jarvis) and well-bedded, while tuffs in the Globigerinoides bispherica-glomerosa Boulder-Bed Facies of the Ayer Globigerinoides diminuta Bolli formation, as in the Tabin Tridus Globigerinoides glomerosa Blow and Lung Tatik Tributaries of the Globigerinoides glomerosa glomerosa Blow Ayer River, are more disturbed, Globigerinoides rubra (?) group more massive, and in places are Gigerinolobides sacculifera (Brady) conglomeratic and coarsely Globigerinoides spp. breccious, containing blocks of Globigerinoides subquadrata Bronnimann tuff several feet across. Globigerinoides triloba group Globoquadrina altispira (Cushman & Jarvis) C62.1. Globoquadrina tripartita Koch 1. Name : Tempadong Limestone member Globorotalia fohsi barisanensis LeRoy 2. Origin of name : Bukit Tempadong, Segama Valley, Globorotalia fohsi fohsi Cushman & Ellisor Sabah Globorotalia mayeri Cushman and Ellisor 3. Age : Miocene (most probably Te ) Globorotalia opima nana Bolli 5 4. References : Leong (1974) Globorotalia praemenardi Cushman & Stainforth 5. Type area : Limestone hill of Bukit Globorotaloides suteri Bolli Tempadong, Segama Valley, Heterostegina sp. Sabah Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) sp. 6. Type section : Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) sp. 7. Boundaries : Limestone of the Tempadong Lepidocyclina spp. Limestone member overlies Miogypsina sp. bedded greenish grey tuff and Nummulites sp. coarser tuffite which dip at 20º to Operculina spp. the northeast. Near Sungai Orbulina bilobata (d’Orbigny) Mensuli, the limestone appears to Orbulina suturalis Bronnimann be in contact with slump breccia Rotalia sp. deposits. The limestone at Sungai Rotalids Segama and Teck Guan Estate Sphaeroidinella multiloba LeRoy occurs as massive lenses within Sphaeroidinella sp. the tuffaceous rocks of the Ayer Spirocyclypeus sp. formation. ?Spiroclypeus sp. 8. Correlation : algae 9. Thickness : Estimated about 90 m. 13. Env. of deposition : Outer neritic to bathyal 10. Lithology : Mostly white with varieties of conditions. Leong (1974) grey or pink, compact, and interpreted as shallow, inner appears to be a pure calcium neritic marine environment to carbonate rock, in parts richly deeper water. McManus & Tate fossiliferous. (1986) suggest the chaotic 11. Subdivisions : deposits of the formation are the 12. Fossils : product of mud volcanism.

144 CENOZOIC foraminifera C63. Amphistegina sp. 1. Name : Libong Tuffite formation Austrotrillina howchini (Schlumberger) 2. Origin of name : Libong tributary of the Tungku Austrotrillina cf. howchini (Schlumberger) River, Dent Peninsula, Sabah Austrotrillina cf. striata Todd & Post 3. Age : Upper Miocene Austrotrillina sp. 4. References : Haile and Wong (1965) Borelis sp. 5. Type area : Carpenteria sp. 6. Type section : Cycloclypeus sp. 7. Boundaries : The base of the formation is not Flosculinella globulosa (Rutten) observed. The Libong Tuffite is Flosculinella cf. globulosa (Rutten) overlain unconformably by the Globigerina spp. Tungku formation. The Bagahak Heterostegina sp. Pyroclastic member of the Tungku Lepidocyclina sp. formation is transgressive on the Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) sp. Libong Tuffite on the northern Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) cf. angulosa Provale flank of Bagahak Syncline. Lepidocyclina(Nephrolepidina) cf. ferreroi Provale 8. Correlation : Lepidocyclina(Nephrolepidina) cf. sumatrensis (Brady) 9. Thickness : Estimated approx 650 to 1,000 m Lepidocyclina(Nephrolepidina) cf. verbeeki Newton & 10. Lithology : Consists essentially of tuffaceous Holland conglomerate and sandstone, and Miogypsina sp. shale and limestone Operculina sp. 11. Subdivisions : Sorites sp. 12. Fossils : Sorites cf. martini coral coral Acanthastraea polygonalis Martin mollusc Alveopora sp. 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow, inner neritic marine Cyphastraea monticulifera Felix environment Fungia (Cycloseris) martini Felix 14. Remarks : Reinhard and Wenk (1951) Fungia (Cycloseris) stammi Felix assigned the limestone at Fungia (Cycloseris) subcyclolites Felix Tempadong to the ‘Tempadong Fungia (Cycloseris) wanneri Felix Formation’ and described as a Goniaraea anomala Reuss coral limestone containing Maeandrina sp. Nephrolepidina ferreroi and Porites sp. Alveolinella bontangensis, Stylophora pistillata E.H. transgressive over the pre-Tertiary foraminifera at Batu Tempadong on Sungai Globorotalia fohsi fohsi Cushman & Ellisor Segama. Leicester (1936) Globorotalia mayeri Cushman and Ellisor regarded the limestone as the basal Globorotalia praemenardi member of the ‘Segama Orbulina universa (d’Orbigny) Formation’. The ‘Segama gastropod Formation’ mapped by Clement Delphinula cf. fossilis Martin (1959) in the Dent Peninsula has Trochus cf. sondeianus Martin been redefined and replaced by the Trochus sp. Libong Tuffite formation and the Cerithium sp. original ‘Segama Formation’ of Cypraea sp. Leicester in the Lahad Datu area bivalve by the Tabanak Conglomerate Thracia sp. (Haile and Wong, 1965). Tellina sp. 13. Env. of deposition : Varying from sub-littoral to neritic and bathyal, with water depths ranging from few metre to 450 m.

145 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA 14. Remarks : Was formerly called Segama Amphistegina lessonii d’Orb Formation by Clement (Sabah Amphistegina sp. Shell Petroleum Company, 1959). Angulogerina sp. Clement further noted that the Anomalina glabrata Cushman formation differs from the Ayer Anomalina sp. formation in its well-bedded (?) Anomalina sp. character, the improved sorting of Austrotrillina howchini (Schlumberger) its sedimentary rocks, and in the Bathysiphon sp. scarcity of true tuff, brecciated Bigenerina spp. zones, and boulder beds. Haile and Bolivina sp. Wong (1965) classified the Carpentaria sp. formation in the Segama Group. Cibicides praecinctus (Karrer) Cibicides spp. C64. (?) Cibicides sp. Clavulina sp. 1. Name : Tanjong formation Cycloclypeus sp. 2. Origin of name : Unknown Eggerella cf. scabra (Williamson) 3. Age : Lower to Upper Miocene Elphidium koeboeense LeRoy 4. References : Collenette (1965a), Haile and Elphidium sp. Wong (1965), Leong (1974) (?) Elphidium sp. 5. Type area : Collenette (1965a) proposed the Epistominella pulchella Husezima & Maruhasi section of the Pinangah River Gaudryina sp. between Lilyan Rapids and Notilo Globigerina subcretacea Chapman Village, Pinangah Valley, Upper Globigerinita sp. Kinabatangan, Sabah as the type Globigerinoides bisphericus area. Globigerinoides ruber 6. Type section : Globigerinoides ruber var. 7. Boundaries : The formation rests on highly Globigerinoides (?) ruber folded Cretaceous and Lower Globigerinoides cf. subquadratus Bronnimann Tertiary strata, and is Globigerinoides (?) sacculiferus unconformable on the Labang Globigerinoides trilobus formation. The formation appears Globigerinoides spp. of the Globigerinoides rubrus to pass laterally into the Kapilit group and Kalabakan formations. In the Globigerinoides spp. of the Globigerinoides trilobus Kuamut area, the formation (Reuss) group appears to overlie conformably on Globigerinoides subquadratus Bronnimann the Kuamut formation. Globigerinoides sp. 8. Correlation : Globoquadrina altispira cf. Cushman & Jarvis 9. Thickness : Estimated in the Bangan Basin Globoquadrina altispira Cushman & Jarvis about 3,600-5,400 m, in Meliau Globorotalia mayeri Cushman and Ellisor Basin may exceed 12,000 m. The Gypsina globulus (Ruess) Malua-Latangan Basin is Gyroidina sp. estimated at least about 3,000 m. Hanzawaia sumitomoi Asano & Murata 10. Lithology : Consists of mudstone, siltstone, Haplophragmoides carinatum Bronnimann and sandstone with rare beds of Haplophragmoides carinatum Cushman & Renz limestone, marl, coal, and Haplophragmoides narivaensis Bronnimann conglomerate. Haplophragmoides walteri (Grzybowski) 11. Subdivisions : Haplophragmoides sp. 12. Fossils : Heterostegina borneensis van der Vlerk foraminifera Heterostegina sp. Ammobacilites sp. Hormosina sp. Ammobaculites sp. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) sp. Ammobaculoides sp. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) douvillei Yabe Ammodiscus sp. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) spp.

146 CENOZOIC Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) sumatrensis Brady Florschuetzia trilobata Lepidocyclina flexuosa (Rutten) Gonystylus sp. Lepidocyclina spp. Lycopodium phlegmaria Loxostomum sp. Lycopodium cernuum Martinottiella cyclostomata (Galloway & Morrey) Picea type Massilina sp. Pinus type Miliolidae Rhizophora sp. Miliolina sp. Stenochlaena areolaris Miogypsina primitiva Tan Sin Hok trace fossil (Tjia et al., 1990) Miogypsina sp. Chondrites sp. Miogypsinoides (Conomiogypsinoides) abuensis Tobler Granularia sp. Miogypsinoides cf. dehaarti van der Vlerk Ophiomorpha sp. Miogypsinoides sp. 13. Env. of deposition : Varying environments of Nonion japonicum Asano deposition, in part beach and Nonion sp. shallow marine, partly lagoonal (?) Nonion sp. and deltaic, in brackish and Operculina venosa estuarine conditions, and in part Operculina sp. neritic conditions. Tjia et al. Peneroplidae sp. (1990) remarked that the Quinqueloculina sp. formation developed in low- Rectoglandulina laevigate (d’Orbigny) energy environment, probably in Rotalia spp. wide tidal flats. (?) Rotalia sp. 14. Remarks : The term ‘Tanjong Formation’ Rupertiidae was introduced during 1937 in an Sigmoilina sp. unpublished report by Roothaan Textularia sp. and Wenk. Haile and Wong (1965) Trochammina sp. classified the formation in the molluscs Kinabatangan Group. Tjia et al. Cardium sp. (1990) discusses the Tanjong Globularia carlei (Finlay) [nom. nov. for Natica cal- formation in the Maliau Basin, losa J. de C. Sowerby] Sabah. Globularia cf. fluctuata (G.B. Sowerby ?Murex sp. C65. Strombus (Doloena) cf. sedanensis Martin 1. Name : Kalabakan formation Strombus spp. 2. Origin of name : Uncertain, either Sungai ?Terebellum sp. Kalabakan or Kalabakan Valley Turritella sp. 3. Age : Upper Miocene ‘Venus’ sp. 4. References : Collenette (1965a), Fitch (1955), Vexillum (?Pusia) sp. 5. Type area : Kalabakan Valley, Sabah algae 6. Type section : Although no type section has been bryozoa defined, Collenette (1965a) coral indicate the strata exposed in the echinoid Kalabakan River downstream of plant Kuala Anjeranjermut are typical remain of the formation. angiosperm leaf 7. Boundaries : The formation rests pollen and spore (Tjia et al., 1990) unconformably on the Chert- Alangium sp. Spilite formation. It is succeeded, Barringtonia sp. apparently conformably, by the Brownlowia sp. Kapilit formation. Casuarina sp. 8. Correlation : Cephalomappa sp. 9. Thickness : Estimated as ‘several thousands of Dacrydium sp. metres’ by Reinhard and Wenk Durio sp.

147 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA (1951), and in the order of 1,500 C66. m or possibly more (Collenette, 1. Name : Bongaya Formation 1965a) 2. Origin of name : Sungai Bongaya, northeast Sabah 10. Lithology : Consists generally of poorly 3. Age : Upper Miocene to younger age bedded argillaceous rocks with 4. References : Newton-Smith (1967), Tongkul rare beds of siltstone, sandstone, (1991), Wilson (1961) and conglomerate. 5. Type area : Between the Sugut and the 11. Subdivisions : Tungud Rivers, on the Bongaya 12. Fossils : River, Sabah foraminifera 6. Type section : About 24 km north-northeast of Ammodiscus sp. Klagan on Sungai Bongaya Bathysiphon sp. 7. Boundaries : In its type area, the formation is Cibicides spp. bounded to the northwest by the Cyclammina sp. Crocker formation and to the Discocyclina sp. south by alluvial deposits. On the Gaudryina sp. Bengkoka Peninsula, the Globigerina binaiensis Koch formation is bounded in the north Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez var. by the South Banggi formation Globigerina subcretacea Chapman and in the south by the Crocker Globigerina sp. formation. On Banggi, the Globoquadrina altispira Cushman & Jarvis formation covers most of the Globorotalia cocoaensis Cushman southern portion of the island and Globorotalia mayeri Cushman and Ellisor is bounded to the south by the Globorotalia sp. Banggi Limestone member of the Glomospira sp. Crocker formation and by the Gyroidina sp. South Banggi formation, and Halkyardia minima libeus towards the north is in contact Haplophragmoides sp. with the Chert-Spilite formation. Hormosina sp. Tongkul (1991) indicate the Nodosaria spp. Bongaya Formation in Northern Rhenophax sp. Sabah occurs in several isolated Rheophax sp. basins lying unconformably on Sigmoilina sp. older deformed sediments, which Spiroplectoides cf. attenuata Cushman includes the Crocker, Kudat and Trochammina sp. Chert-Spilite formations. Trochamminoides sp. 8. Correlation : Vulvulina cf. eocaena Montagne 9. Thickness : Estimated exceed 750 m (Wilson, 13. Env. of deposition : Marine 1961), the exposed section 14. Remarks : In the Segama and Darvel Bay measures about 600 m (Newton- area Fitch (1955) classified the Smith, 1967) ‘Kalabakan Shales’, examined by 10. Lithology : Principally sandstone and shale P. Collenette, as the Upper Eocene series and limestone facies rocks. Collenette (1965a) indicate (Wilson, 1961). Newton-Smith that the term ‘Kalabakang Shales’ (1967) categorised sandstone, mentioned in Reinhard and Wenk siltstone, mudstone and shale in (1951) as misleading, and stated the Bidu-Bidu area. that although shaly lamination 11. Subdivisions : Balambangan Limestone member does occur, it is not typical of the 12. Fossils : formation. foraminifera Ammobaculites exiguus (Cushman & Bronnimann) Ammobaculites sp.

148 CENOZOIC Cycloclypeus (Katacycloclypeus) annulatus Martin similar litological characteristics, Cycloclypeus sp. mode of occurrence, and age. Globigerina subcretacea Chapman 9. Thickness : Globigerinoides rubrus d’Orbigny var. 10. Lithology : Minor variations occur within the Globigerinoides subquadratus Bronnimann limestone, from pure shelly and Globoquadrina altispira Cushman & Jarvis algal limestone, to sandy Globoquadrina dehiscens Chapman, Parr & Collins limestone, to foraminiferal and Globorotalia mayeri Cushman and Ellisor algal limestone containing widely Globorotalia praemenardii Cushman & Stainforth dispersed angular fragments of Heterostegina sp. basic igneous rock, serpentine and Lepidocyclina sp. shale. Miogypsina sp. 11. Subdivisions : Nonion sp. 12. Fossils : Operculina sp. foraminifera Orbulina bilobata (d’Orbigny) Cycloclypeus sp. Orbulina suturalis Bronnimann Gypsina sp. Orbulina universa d’Orbigny Heterostegina sp. Pellatispira sp. (reworked) Lepidocyclina spp. Sphaeroidinella multiloba LeRoy Miogypsina sp. Sphaeroidinella seminulina (Schwager) Miogypsina tuberosa Tobler Trochammina sp. Miogypsina tuberosa Tobler cf. musperi Tan Sin Hok pollen Miogypsinoides sp. Sonneratia sp. Operculina sp. 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow water, deltaic Orbulina sp. 14. Remarks : The formation was first described Pellatispira sp. (reworked) by Schneeberger in an Rupertidae unpublished manuscript in 1937. algae Wilson (1961) included the ‘Tajau coral Sandstone’ and the ‘Jambongan bryozoa Formation’ in the Bongaya gastropod Formation due to the lithological echinoid and age similarities. 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine 14. Remarks : The limestone formation was C66.1. formerly considered part of the ‘Banggi-Balambangan Formation’ 1. Name : Balambangan Limestone member by Schneeberger. 2. Origin of name : Pulau Balambangan, north Sabah 3. Age : Upper Miocene 4. References : Wilson (1961) C67. 5. Type area : The limestone hill, southern Pulau 1. Name : Kapilit formation Balambangan, Sabah 2. Origin of name : Unknown 6. Type section : 3. Age : Upper Miocene 7. Boundaries : Bounded to the north by ultrabasic 4. References : Collenette (1965a) rock and by the Chert-Spilite 5. Type area : No type area is mentioned but formation. In the south, it is in Collenette (1965a) states that the contact with sandstone, formation is exposed in the presumably of the Bongaya Serudong, Silimpopon, and upper Formation, which occupies a Kalabakan Valleys, in Sabah, and small area round Sina Village. extends over the international 8. Correlation : Idris and Kok (1990) suggest boundary into Kalimantan, in the correlation of the sedimentary Simengaris, Simaja, and Siglayan rocks of Mantanani Islands, Valleys. Sabah, to the Balambangan 6. Type section : Limestone member based on the 7. Boundaries : The formation rests on the

149 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Kalabakan formation, probably in the Susui Valley, mudstone (the conformably, and is overlain by ‘Tambalunan Shales’) in the the Simengaris formation possibly Tambalunan Valley, and two sets with slight unconformity. of ‘Transitions Beds’. 8. Correlation : The strata in the Silimpopon and lower Serudong Valleys probably C68. correspond to the upper part of the 1. Name : Simengaris formation Tanjong formation. 2. Origin of name : Simengaris Valley, Kalimantan, 9. Thickness : About 2,100 m to probably more Indonesia (a few km south of the than 4,500 m international border) 10. Lithology : Consists of sandstone and 3. Age : Upper Miocene mudstone, with rare beds of coal, 4. References : Collenette (1965a) conglomerate and limestone. 5. Type area : No type area is mentioned but 11. Subdivisions : Collenette (1965a) states that the 12. Fossils : formation is exposed over a small foraminifera part of the Pensiangan and upper Ammobaculites sp. Kinabatangan area. Bolivina ligularia sp. 6. Type section : Cibicides sp. 7. Boundaries : The formation rests on the Kapilit Cyclammina sp. formation with slight Elphidium spp. unconformity. Gaudryina sp. 8. Correlation : Glandulina laevigata (d’Orbigny) 9. Thickness : Estimated not less than 600 m Globigerina binaiensis Koch 10. Lithology : Consists principally of soft Globigerinoides glomerosa sp. Blow mudstone with well-preserved Globigerinoides subquadratus Bronnimann molluscs and foraminifers, and Globigerinoides spp. rubus group subordinate sandstone, silicified Globigerinoides spp. trilobus group tuff, conglomerate, quartzite, and Glomospira sp. coal. Hanzawaia tapanoeliensis (LeRoy) 11. Subdivisions : Haplophragmium sp. 12. Fossils : Haplophragmoides sp. foraminifera Nonion japonicum Asano Ammobaculites sp. Nonion sp. Bigenerina spp. Operculina sp. Cyclammina sp. Quinqueloculina sp. Anomalina sp. Reusella simplex (Cushman) Angulogerina sp. Robulus sp. Bolivina sp. Rotalia spp. Cibicides spp. Spiroloculina sp. Cristellaria sp. Textularia sp. Elphidium spp. Trochammina sp. Globorotalia sp. 13. Env. of deposition : Brackish estuarine conditions to Nonion sp. shallow neritic marine Operculina spp. environment Reusella sp. 14. Remarks : The term ‘Kapilit Formation’ was Rotalia spp. introduced in an unpublished Siphogenerina sp. report by Wenk in 1938 for strata mollusc consisting of a series of thick beds Arca sp. of sandstone (formerly termed Cardium spp. ‘Kapilit Sandstones’ by Reinhard, Cerithium sp. 1924) in the Serudong and Clementia sp. Silimpopon Valleys, similar beds Lucina sp. (formerly the ‘Susui Sandstones’)

150 CENOZOIC Macrocallista sp. Manila area, probably Martinocarcinus sp. conformable with the overlying Natica sp. Sandakan formation. Nucia sp. 8. Correlation : Nucia sp. (probably Nucia fennemai Bohm) 9. Thickness : Unknown but estimated unlikely Nuculana sp. less than several hundreds to few Rimella sp. thousands of metres. In Sungai Tellina sp. Manila area, Sandakan Peninsula, Turritella sp. a minimum thickness of 1,800 m 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine conditions is estimated. alternated with deltaic and 10. Lithology : Consists of mudstone (also clay estuarine conditions. matrix), generally containing 14. Remarks : The term ‘Simengaris Formation’ blocks (from few cm to several was introduced by Wenk in 1938 metres) of sandstone, limestone, for arenaceous, argillaceous, and chert, and igneous rocks which carbonaceous beds exposed in the include spilite, tuffite, Simengaris Valley, a locality in serpentinite, basic agglomerate Kalimantan, a few km south of the and ultrabasic rock. In Sandakan international border. These beds Peninsula, Lee (1970) indicate the extend a short distance into Sabah occurrence of thick sequences of in the lower parts of the Serudong relatively undisturbed mudstone, and Silimpopon Valleys, where tuff and tuffite interlayered with Wenk’s boundaries have now been slump breccia in the Sungai modified to include his underlying Manila area. ‘Silimpopon Horizon’. 11. Subdivisions : 12. Fossils : C69. foraminifera (as listed in Newton-Smith, 1977) ?Aktinocyclina sp. 1. Name : Garinono formation Ammodiscus sp. 2. Origin of name : Bathysiphon sp. 3. Age : Neogene or younger (Collenette, Bathysiphon sp. 1966), Upper Miocene (Lee, Fabiana sp. 1970), late Upper Miocene Globigerinoides cf. triloba (Reuss) (Newton-Smith, 1967) Globoquadrina altispira Cushman & Jarvis 4. References : Collenette (1965b, 1966), Lee Glomospira (?) sp. (1970), Newton-Smith (1967) Hormosina sp. 5. Type area : On part of the Lokan Peneplains Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) sp. from km 26 and km 80 on the Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) sp. Sandakan-Telupid Road (also Pellatispira sp. referred as the Labuk Road). Praeorbulina glomerosa (Blow) 6. Type section : Reophax sp. 7. Boundaries : The formation rests uncon- Spiroclypeus sp. formably on the Rajang and Trochammina sp. Kinabatangan Groups (Crocker, Trochamminoides sp. Kulapis, Labang, and Tanjong foraminifera (from bedded sequence suggesting Up- formations). In the Bidu-Bidu per Miocene age in Lee, 1970) Hills area the formation is thought Achrchaias sp. to rest unconformably on the Ammodiscus incertes Kamansi beds and it contains Amphistegina sp. exotic blocks derived from the Austrotrillina cf. howchini (Schlumberger) Kamansi and Tambang beds. Lee Bathysiphon sp. (1970) indicate that in Sandakan Borelis sp. Peninsula, the formation is in part ?Cycloclypeus sp. unconformable, while in Sungai Cycloclypeus cf. eidae Tan

151 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Flosculinella cf. globulosa (Rutten) Haplophragmoides cf. cellyra Flosculinella sp. (reicheli or globulosa) Haplophragmoides sp. Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny Reophax sp. Globigerina cip. angustium Trochammina cf. varila Globigerina spp. Trochammina cf. variole Globigerinoides triloba group Trochammina spp. Globigerinoides trilobus group foraminifera (from blocks in slump breccia, suggest- Globigerinoides sacculifera (Brady) ing Upper Cretaceous to Lower Miocene age of Globigerinoides ruber group Lee, 1970) Globigerinoides rubra (d’Orbigny) Bathysiphon spp. Globigerinoides tril. tril. Cyclammina spp. Globoquadrina altispira (Cushman & Jarvis) ?Cayeuxia sp. Globoquadrina cf. altispira Globotruncana spp. Globorotalia cf. fohsi barinsanensis LeRoy Gumbelina spp. Globorotalia fohsi fohsi (Cushman & Ellison) Haplophragmoides cf. carinatum Globorotalia mayeri (Cushman & Ellison) Haplophragmoides cf. collyra Globorotalia cf. scitula (Brady) Lithocadium sp. Globorotalia sp. cf. fohsi fohsi Petrophyton sp. Glomospira charoides Trochammina cf. variola Glomospira cf. charoides Trochammina spp. Gypsina sp. Trochamminoides sp. Haplophragmoides sp. 13. Env. of deposition : Collenette (1965b) stated an Lepidocyclina (?Eulepidina) sp. origin probably by submarine Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) sumatrensis (Brady) slumping. Nevertheless Collenette Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) spp. (1966), indicate that the origin is Miogypsina sp. probably due to extensive gravity Miogypsinoides cf. deharrti van der Vlerk sliding, but since lacking in Orbulina suturalis Bronnimann evidence to indicate whether the Orbulina bilobata (d’Orbigny) slumping was above or below sea Planorbulina sp. level, he argued that the Planorbulinella sp. deposition was probably little Pullenia bulloides influenced by either in aerial or Rhizammina sp. marine environments. Lee (1970) Schaerammina sp. explained the slump breccia in the Sphaeroidinella spp. formation was probably formed in ?Taberina sp. a submarine basin, in which Trochammina cf. variola submarine slumping alternates Trochamminoides sp. with epiclastic and pyroclastic algae deposition. McManus & Tate echinoid (1986) suggested that the chaotic foraminifera (from matrix in slump breccia of slumped deposits of the formation are the mudstone of older formation suggesting Creta- product of mud volcanism. ceous to Upper Miocene age of Lee, 1970) 14. Remarks : Collenette (1965b) introduced the Bathysiphon spp. term ‘Garinono Formation’ for a Cyclammina spp. tilloid deposit exposed between Globigerina spp. km 35 and km 56 on the Globigerinoides sacculifera (Brady) Sandakan-Telupid Road, and at Globigerinoides spp. places north and south of the road. Globoquadrina sellii He originally placed the formation Globorotalia fohsi barinsanensis LeRoy tentatively in the Segama Group, Globotruncana spp. but later discarded the idea Haplophragmoides aff. carinatum (Collenette, 1966). Haplophragmoides cf. carinatum

152 CENOZOIC C70. Globigerinoides conglobata 1. Name : Sandakan formation Globigerinoides conglobatus 2. Origin of name : Sandakan town or Sandakan Globigerinoides rubra Peninsula Globigerinoides triloba immatura 3. Age : Upper Miocene Globigerinoides triloba immaturus 4. References : Lee (1970) Globigerinoides spp. 5. Type area : The Sebuga area lying between Globoquadrina altispira altispira Batu Sapi Road on the south and Globoquadrina altispira globosa Labuk Road on the north in Sabah. Globorotalia fohsi fohsi 6. Type section : Globorotalia cf. fohsi barisanensis 7. Boundaries : Unconformably overlies the Globorotalia mayeri Garinono formation. The Globorotalia sp. formation is overlain Gyroidina soldanii unconformably by Quaternary Haplophragmoides cf. carinatum deposits of quartz gravel, sand and Haplophragmoides sp. clay. Hormosina sp. 8. Correlation : Correlates closely with the Lagenonodosaria scalaris Bongaya Formation of Upper Lenticulina gemmeta Miocene age in the Bongaya Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) sp. River. Loxostomum amygdalaeformae 9. Thickness : Estimated at least 2,250 m Loxostomum karrerianum 10. Lithology : Consists of mudstone, sandstone, Loxostomum aff. limbatum siltstone and minor coal seams and Loxostomum sp. conglomerate. Martinotiella sp. 11. Subdivisions : Miogypsina spp. 12. Fossils : Nodosaria insecta foraminifera Nodosaria vetebralis Adercotruma sp. Operculina complanata Ammobaculites sp. Operculina sp. Ammonia spp. Orbulina suturalis Amphistegina sp. Orbulina universa Augulogerina sp. Orbulina sp. Anomalina ammonoides Ostrachoda Anomalina glabrata Rectobolivina bilfrons Arenobulimina sp. Reussella striatula Bathysiphon arenacea Rhizammina sp. Bathysiphon sp. Robulus calcar Bolivina cf. canullata Robulus inornatus Bolivina plicata Robulus orbicularis Bolivina cf. schwagerrana Robulus sp. Bolivina sp. Rotalia ceocarii Bolivina subaenariensis mexicana Rotalia cf. nipponica Bolivina robusta Rotalia cf. papillosa Cassidulina crassa Rectobolivina viform var. Cycloclypeus sp. Sponides praecintus ?Eliphidium ?craticulatum Trochammina globigeri Epistomina sp. Trochammina nafaromis Sponides berthelotiana Trochammina ch. variola Eponides praecintus Trochammina sp. Eponides cf. praecintus Uvigerina laevis Flosculinella bontangensis Uvigerina proboscidae Globigerina sp. Uvigerina cf. schwagerrana Globigerinoides ballii Uvigerina soendaensis mollusc

153 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA Anadara sp. unconformable contact between Batissa sp. the Bagahak Pyroclastic member Brotia (Tinnyea) ? sp. and the formation is suggested. Cardinium sp. The top boundary of the formation Cerithidea (?Cerithidea) babylonica (Martin) is an unconformity with the Cerithidea (Cerithideopsilla) djadjariensis (Martin) Sebahat formation. Cerithidea (Cerithideopsilla) sucabumiana (Martin) 8. Correlation : Cerithidea aff. cigulata (Gmelin) 9. Thickness : Cerithium sp. 10. Lithology : Consists of well-bedded ?Corbicula sp. tuffaceous and carbonaceous Corbula sp. sandstone, with conglomerate, and Dentalium sp. clay with plant remains. Faunus (Pseudobellardia) sp. 11. Subdivisions : Bagahak Pyroclastic member Gari sp. 12. Fossils : ?Libycerithium sp. foraminifera Menkrawia callosolubiata Beets Alveolinella batangensis Rutten Nucia cf. fennemai (J. Bohm) Alveolinella sp. Nuculana sp. Ammodiscus sp. Oliva sp. Amphisorus hemprichii Ehr. Paphia cf. neglecta (Martin) Bathysiphon sp. Pectinid indet. Bolivina spp. Pollia sp. Bolivinita quadrilatera (Schwager) Propeomunium sp. Bulimina spp. Protomella sp. Cassidulina spp. ?Pyrazus sp. Cibicides spp. Tellinides sp. Cycloclypeus sp. Terebralia (Terebralia) cf. miosculcata Vredenburg Elphidium sp. Turbinella mekranica Vredenburg Eponides sp. Turritella angulata Sowerby Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny Turritella sp. Globigerina nepenthes Todd Vicarya callosa Jenkins Globigerina sp. 13. Env. of deposition : Complex deltaic environment Globigerina subcretacea Lomnicki with fluvial or non-marine Globigerinoides rubra (?) group conditions in some parts of the Globigerinoides sacculifera (Brady) Sandakan Peninsula and deeper Globigerinoides spp. marine conditions in others. Globigerinoides subquadrata Bronnimann 14. Remarks : Globigerinoides triloba group Globoquadrina altispira (Cushman & Jarvis) C71. Globorotalia fohsi lobata Bermudez Globorotalia mayeri Cushman and Ellisor 1. Name : Tungku formation Globorotalia sp. 2. Origin of name : Sungai Tungku, Dent Peninsula, Gyroidina sp. Sabah Hastigerina aequilateralis (Brady) 3. Age : Upper Miocene to Lower Pliocene Katacycloclypeus sp. 4. References : Haile and Wong (1965) Miogypsina (Miogypsina) Cushmani Vaughan var. 5. Type area : In the headwaters of the Tungku indonesiensis Tan and Sebahat Rivers, Dent Miogypsina sp. Peninsula, Sabah. Nodosaria spp. 6. Type section : Nonion sp. 7. Boundaries : The base of the formation rests Operculina sp. unconformably on the Libong Orbulina bilobata (d’Orbigny) Tuffite. In other parts the Orbulina suturalis Bronnimann formation rests on steeply dipping Orbulina universa (d’Orbigny) Ayer formation. An Pullenia spp.

154 CENOZOIC Robulus spp. mollusc Rotalia spp. (=Streblus) plant Sphaeroidina sp. remains Sphaeroidinella multiloba LeRoy 13. Env. of deposition : Marine Trochammina sp. 14. Remarks : Uvigerina spp. 13. Env. of deposition : Sub-littoral to neritic, water depth C72. not exceeding 300 m. 1. Name : Tabanak Conglomerate 14. Remarks : The formation was redefined by 2. Origin of name : Tabanak River, Sabah J.F. Clement and W.K. Bisig 3. Age : Upper Miocene to Pliocene? (1959), after Reinhard and Wenk 4. References : Haile and Wong (1965), Leong (1951). Haile and Wong (1965) (1974) classified the formation in the 5. Type area : The Tabanak River, west of Dent Segama Group, and mentioned Peninsular area (Haile and Wong, that the formation contains the 1965). Leong (1974) states the thickest and coarsest volcanic type area as between north of rocks in the Dent Peninsula, Lahad Datu and south of Sungai mostly concentrated in the Segama. Bagahak Pyroclastic member, in 6. Type section : Has been described from Sungai particular the Silabukan Volcanic Tabanak (Sungai Edam) about 5 Breccia. km northwest of Lahad Datu town. 7. Boundaries : The formation probably overlies C71.1. unconformably on the Crystalline 1. Name : Bagahak Pyroclastic member Basement and partly on the Ayer 2. Origin of name : Bagahak Range, Sabah formation. 3. Age : Refer formation 8. Correlation : In the Dent Peninsula area, the 4. References : Haile and Wong (1965) formation is in part a time 5. Type area : Bagahak Range equivalent of the Tungku 6. Type section : formation, but may also include 7. Boundaries : An unconformable contact equivalents of the Libong Tuffite between the Bagahak Pyroclastic and Ayer formations. member and the Tungku 9. Thickness : The upper conglomeratic part has Formation is suggested. In the been estimated at least 760 m. Pungulupi and Lung Sangai Other estimate as over 1,800 m. Valleys an unconformity separates 10. Lithology :Comprises conglomerate, boulder the Bagahak Pyroclastic member conglomerate, tuffaceous and the Sebahat formation. sandstone and shale. The 8. Correlation : conglomerate consists of pebbles 9. Thickness : of diorite, gabbroic rocks, vein 10. Lithology : Massive to bedded, poorly sorted quartz, quartzite, red chert, and volcanic boulder conglomerate, tuffaceous sandstone in a clayey consisting mainly of andesitic and in places tuffaceous matrix. rocks, amphibolite and other 11. Subdivisions : crystalline rocks, limestone and 12. Fossils : coral debris, red claystone, chert, foraminifera sandstone, and vein quartz, in Dentalina sp. places with a black tuffaceous Globigerina subcretacea Lomnicki sandy matrix, elsewhere in a Globigerina sp. clayey matrix with plant remains. Globigerinoides spp. 11. Subdivisions : Globoquadrina altispira (Cushman & Jarvis) 12. Fossils : Globoquadrina dehiscens (Cushman, Parr & Collins) coral Globorotalia fohsi fohsi Cushman and Ellisor foraminifera Globorotalia mayeri Cushman and Ellisor

155 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA ?Nonionella sp. Wong, 1965). Orbulina bilobata (d’Orbigny) 7. Boundaries : The formation appears Orbulina suturalis Bronnimann conformable on the Tungku Orbulina universa (d’Orbigny) formation in some areas. In the Robulus sp. Tabin Syncline, the formation is Sphaeroidinella cf. dehiscens (Parker & Jones) apparently faulted against the Ayer Sphaeroidinella multiloba LeRoy formation, and in parts against mollusc Tungku formation. The top Dentalium sp. boundary is an apparently Lucina sp. conformable transition into the plant Ganduman formation. remains 8. Correlation : 13. Env. of deposition : Terrestrial and marine 9. Thickness : Estimated about 2,300 m on the 14. Remarks : The Tabanak Conglomerate was crest of the Sebahat Anticline, in introduced and redefined by Haile the Tabin Syncline, in the Tabin and Wong (1965) after Wanner Valley, estimated about 1,340 m and Stamm (Wanner, 1921). It 10. Lithology : Comprises predominant dark-grey replaces the previous terminology, mudstone, with subordinate marl, ‘Tabanak Beds’ of Wanner and limestone, sandstone and Stamm and (South) ‘Segama conglomerate. Formation’ of Leicester (1936). 11. Subdivisions : Haile and Wong (1965) classified 12. Fossils : the formation in the Segama foraminifera Group. The formation resembles Amphistegina sp. the Tungku formation but differ Bolivinita quadrilatera (Schwager) mainly by the smaller proportion Cycloclypeus sp. of pyroclastic rocks, absence of Globigerina subcretacea Lomnicki volcanic breccia, and the greater Globigerinoides cf. subquadratus Bronnimann proportion in the conglomerate Globigerinoides obligua Bolli and sandstone of rocks derived Globigerinoides of triloba group from the Crystalline Basement. Globigerinoides sacculifera (Brady) Globigerinoides subquadrata Bronnimann C73. Globigerinoides cf. subquadratus Bronnimann Globigerinoides spp. 1. Name : Sebahat formation Globoquadrina altispira (Cushman & Jarvis) 2. Origin of name : Either Sebahat Anticline, Sungai Globoquadrina dehiscens (Cushman, Parr & Collins) Sebahat, or Sebahat (renamed Globorotalia fohsi robusta Bolli Sahabat) Town, Dent Peninsula, Globorotalia mayeri Cushman and Ellisor Sabah Globorotalia praemenardii Cushman & Stainforth 3. Age : Upper Miocene to Lower Pliocene Globorotalia scitula (Brady) 4. References : Haile and Wong (1965) Heterostegina sp. 5. Type area : The main outcrop extending from Katacycloclypeus sp. the crest of the Sebahat Anticlinal Lepidocyclina spp. Uplift, southwest to near Tanjong Miogypsina sp. Membatu, and northwest to the Operculina sp. Maruap Valley, Dent Peninsula, Orbulina suturalis Bronnimann Sabah. Orbulina universa d’Orbigny 6. Type section : No type section has been Rotalia cf. hamiltonensis Parr. designated but Clement’s Rotalia cf. tuvuthaensis Kleinpell description (1959) of a section Sphaeroidinella cf. dehiscens (Parker & Jones) across the thickest part of the Sphaeroidinella multiloba LeRoy formation, approx. along the crest Sphaeroidinella sp. of the Sebahat Anticlinal Uplift, Spiroclypeus sp. is the most complete (Haile and

156 CENOZOIC coral layers rich in carbonaceous mollusc material, and thin layers of shark sandstones. tooth 11. Subdivisions : 13. Env. of deposition : ‘Sublittoral’ and neritic conditions 12. Fossils : 14. Remarks : Wenk (SSPC, 1938) introduced foraminifera the term ‘Sebahat Layers’ (of the Globigerinoides triloba group Lower Dent Peninsula Formation) Globigerinoides sp. to designate an argillaceous sandy 13. Env. of deposition : Shallow marine and tuffaceous succession in the 14. Remarks : Sebahat and Tungku Valleys. Visser (SSPC, 1949) introduced C75. the term Sebahat Formation as the 1. Name : Ganduman formation equivalent of Wenk’s Sebahat 2. Origin of name : Sungai Ganduman, Dent Layers, and mapped the formation Peninsula, Sabah in the Tabin Syncline, where he 3. Age : Pliocene divided it into three members. 4. References : Haile and Wong (1965) Clement (SSPC, 1959) further 5. Type area : Type locality is the area of the proposed certain modifications in Ganduman River, southwest of which he retained parts of the Tambisan Island, Sabah. Sebahat formation and assigned 6. Type section : other parts to the Tungku 7. Boundaries : The basal boundary is an formation (Haile and Wong, apparently conformable transition 1965). from fossiliferous marls of the Sebahat formation, into the more C74. sandy, lignitic and mainly 1. Name : Umas Umas Formation unfossiliferous beds of the lower 2. Origin of name : Sungai Umas Umas, Semporna Ganduman. The formation is Peninsula, Sabah. overlain by the Togopi Formation, 3. Age : Upper Miocene to ?Pliocene possibly with slight unconformity. 4. References : Kirk (1962) 8. Correlation : 5. Type area : 9. Thickness : Estimated between 1,250-1,500 m 6. Type section : In a small eastern tributary of the 10. Lithology : Characterised by greenish-grey Umas Umas, about 10 km north sandstones, interbedded with of the mouth of the river. purplish-grey carbonaceous clays 7. Boundaries : The formation overlies, and some seams of lignite. presumably unconformably, the 11. Subdivisions : Sebatik Sandstone-Shale member 12. Fossils : of the Kalumpang Formation. It foraminifera is apparently faulted against Globigerinoides obliqua Kalumpang Formation in the gastropod lower Merutai Besar Valley. lamellibranch 8. Correlation : In tectonic aspect the formation mollusc resembles, on a small scale, the plant lithologically similar Tanjong remains formation occupying the large 13. Env. of deposition : Paralic (coastal swamp) sub-circular Bangan, Meliau, and environment Melibau basins in central Sabah, 14. Remarks : The formation was originally and the Tertiary basin formations defined by Wenk (SSPC, 1938 and of Sarawak and Brunei. 1939) and was later redefined by 9. Thickness : Exposed thickness of about 450 m. Clement (SSPC, 1959), as 10. Lithology : Comprise grey and black shale, reported in Haile and Wong laminated mudstone with some (1965). The latter also discussed

157 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA the division of the formation into C76.1. Lower Ganduman formation or 1. Name : West Timohing member Maruap member, and the Upper 2. Origin of name : Tanjong Timohing, Pulau Ganduman formation, by previous Balambangan, Sabah. workers, and mentioned that the 3. Age : ?Upper Miocene to Pliocene Lower Ganduman (or Maruap 4. References : Wilson (1961) member) differs from the Upper 5. Type area : Ganduman only in the larger 6. Type section : amount of grey limonitic 7. Boundaries : The base of the formation cannot quartzose sandstone, be seen, and its upper surface is occassionally calcareous, with covered by a layer of quartz sand undulating clay laminae, plant and sandy soil. In the southeast the remains, lignite, and hard slab-like member has a faulted contact concretions of calcareous against the Chert-Spilite sandstone. formation. 8. Correlation : C76. 9. Thickness : 1. Name : Timohing formation 10. Lithology : Composed principally of coral 2. Origin of name : Tanjong Timohing, Pulau limestone and calcareous marl. Balambangan, Sabah. 11. Subdivisions : 3. Age : Pliocene 12. Fossils : 4. References : Wilson (1961) foraminifera 5. Type area : Type locality in Balambangan Orbulina suturalis Bronnimann Island, Sabah coral 6. Type section : shell 7. Boundaries : remain 8. Correlation : Reinhard and Wenk (1951) 13. Env. of deposition : Marine correlate the formation with the 14. Remarks : Wilson (1961) indicate a typical Pliocene Togopi Formation of cross section of the West Dent Peninsula. Timohing member exposed at 9. Thickness : Tanjong Panbatu, the lower 10. Lithology : Consists of coral limestone, marl, section consists of grey marl with and sandstone. numerous coral and shell 11. Subdivisions : West Timohing member and East fragments, towards the top sandy Timohing member. layers with occassional lenses of 12. Fossils : coral, and succeeded by coral 13. Env. of deposition : Marine limestone. 14. Remarks : The formation was first referred to in unpublished oil company C76.2. reports and later by Reinhard and 1. Name : East Timohing member Wenk (1951). Wilson (1961) 2. Origin of name : Tanjong Timohing, Pulau divided the formation into West Balambangan, Sabah. Timohing Member and East 3. Age : Pliocene Timohing Member, separated by 4. References : Wilson (1961) a horst of ultrabasic and Chert- 5. Type area : Spilite formation rocks which 6. Type section : form low hills across the centre 7. Boundaries : The base of the formation is not of the Balambangan Island, with exposed, its upper surface is northeasterly elongation. capped by a thin layer of quartz sand and sandy soil. Towards the west, it ends abruptly against a

158 CENOZOIC faulted contact with ultrabasic Streblus ketienziensis Ishizaki rocks building the centre of the Streblus spp. island. Textularia sp. 8. Correlation : coral 9. Thickness : echinoderm 10. Lithology : Composed of limonitic sandstone Echinocyamus cf. planissimus Clark with some shale beds. Prionocidaris cf. bispinosa (Lamark) 11. Subdivisions : crab 12. Fossils : Nil lobster 13. Env. of deposition : Marine mollusc 14. Remarks : Wilson (1961) mentioned that the otolith (ear bone) from Teleostean fish member is well exposed along the Apogon sictatus Stinton coast at the mouth of Sungai Coilia planata Stinton Duang-Duang, and at the Priok Coryphaenoides bipartitus Stinton and Padang headlands. Lutianus geminans Stinton Myctophym circularis (Frost) C77. Setippinna retusa Stinton 13. Env. of deposition : Littoral to inner neritic, at times 1. Name : Togopi Formation shallow water (10-30 m) 2. Origin of name : Sungai Togopi, Dent Peninsula, prevailed. Sabah. 14. Remarks : The Togopi Formation was 3. Age : Pliocene to Pleistocene defined by E. Wenk (SSPC, 1938). 4. References : Haile and Wong (1965) Later, Clement investigated along 5. Type area : In the Sungai Togopi. two survey lines cut west from the 6. Type section : In the Sungai Togopi. coast north of Kuala Gaya, and 7. Boundaries : It appears that the basal boundary from Hog Point, sited south and of the Togopi represents a marine north of the Togopi River, transgression, and is probably respectively (Haile and Wong, slightly unconformable. The 1965). upper boundary of the Togopi has not been observed, but the formation appears to be overlain C78. with slight unconformity by Sub- 1. Name : Pinosuk gravels Recent alluvium. 2. Origin of name : Kampong Pinosuk, south of 8. Correlation : Gunong Kinabalu 9. Thickness : Across the section northwest of 3. Age : Upper Pleistocene to Holocene Kuala Gaya as 416 m. 4. References : Jacobson (1970) 10. Lithology : Consists of loosely cemented 5. Type area : Not specified, but Jacobson (1970) rubbly reef-limestone, calcareous states that the Pinosuk Gravels are sandstone, clay and marl. preserved south and west of 11. Subdivisions : Gunong Kinabalu, in three main 12. Fossils : areas; the Pinosuk Plateau, the foraminifera Tohubang Valley, and near Amphistegina spp. Tenompok Calcarina spengleri (Gmelin) 6. Type section : Not specified, but Jacobson (1970) Cibicides sp. proposed type exposures along Elphidium craticulatum (Fitchtell & Moll) Sungai Mantaki, which flows Elphidium cf. koeboeense LeRoy through the Pinosuk Plateau. Elphidium of decipiens-hispidulum group 7. Boundaries : The Pinosuk Gravels Nonion japonicum Asano unconformably overlie ultrabasic, Operculina complanata (Defrance) granitic and Tertiary sedimentary Peneroplis sp. rocks. The top boundary is Quinqueloculina spp. erosional, or an unconformity with Streblus annectens (Parker & Jones) overlying Holocene alluvial

159 STRATIGRAPHIC LEXICON OF MALAYSIA

terrace deposits. BASIR JASIN, 1992. Significance of radiolarian cherts from 8. Correlation : the Chert-Spilite Formation, Telupid, Sabah. Geol. Soc. 9. Thickness : Estimated 137 m. Malaysia Bull., 31, p. 67-83. 10. Lithology : Poorly consolidated Quaternary BOSCH, J.H.A., 1986. Young Quaternary sediments in the tilloid deposits preserved on the coastal plain of southern Perak Peninsular Malaysia. flanks of Gunong Kinabalu. Geol. Suv. Malaysia Quaternary Geol. Section Rep. 11. Subdivisions : Jacobson (1970) informally No. QG/1, 83 pp. designated the lower and upper BRONDIJK, J.F., 1962. Reclassification of part of the Setap units. Shale Formation as the Temburong Formation. Brit. 12. Fossils : Wood remains Borneo Geol. Suv. Ann. Rep. 1962, p. 56-60. 13. Env. of deposition : The lower unit which consists of CHE GHANI AMBAK, 1983. Investigation of the Quaternary partly stratified angular material deposits in the coastal plain of Kuantan, Pahang. Geol. of local origin is probably a Suv. Malaysia Ann. Rep. 1981, p. 171-178. periglacial solifluction deposit. COLLENETTE, P., 1957. Notes on the geology of the headwa- The overlying upper unit with a ters of the Labuk, Sugut and Karamuak Rivers. Brit. wide range of particle sizes and Borneo Geol. Suv. Ann. Rep., 1957, p. 153-162. containing adamellite boulders is COLLENETTE, P., 1958. The geology and mineral resources probably a mudflow deposit. of the Jesselton-Kinabalu area, Brit. Borneo Geol. Suv. 14. Remarks : Collenette (1958) introduced the Mem., 6, 194 pp. term Pinosuk Plateau for the COLLENETTE, P., 1963. Pensiangan and Upper Kinabatangan plateau composed chiefly of rock Area, Sabah. Ann. Rep. Geol. Suv. Borneo Region, debris lying south of Gunong Malaysia 1963, p. 103-104. Kinabalu and to the north of COLLENETTE, P., 1965a. The geology and mineral resources Sungai Liwagu and considered as of the Pensiangan and Upper Kinabatangan area, recent piedmont fans deposits. Sabah, Malaysia. Brit. Borneo Geol. Suv. Mem., 12, The name was taken from the the 150 pp. village of Pinosuk, which is COLLENETTE, P., 1965b. The Garinono Formation Sandakan situated nearby but not actually on Peninsula, Sabah. Ann. Rep. Geol. Suv. Borneo Re- the plateau. gion, Malaysia 1964, p. 153-154. COLLENETTE, P., 1966. The Garinono Formation, Sabah, REFERENCES Malaysia. Ann. Rep. Geol. Suv. Borneo Region, Ma- ADAMS, C.G. AND HAAK, R., 1962. The stratigraphical suc- laysia 1965, p. 161-167. cession in the Batu Gading Area, Middle Baram, North FITCH, F.H., 1953. A comparison of North Borneo and Phil- Sarawak. In: The geology and mineral resources of ippine geology and its bearing on mineral prospect- the Suai-Baram Area, North Sarawak. Borneo Region ing. Brit. Borneo Geol. Suv. Ann. Rep., 1953, p. 75- Geol. Suv. Mem., 13, by N.S. Haile, p. 141-150. 96. ADAMS, C.G., 1958. Foraminifera from limestone and shale FITCH, F.H., 1955. The geology and mineral resources of in the Batu Gading Area, middle Baram, East Sarawak. part of the Segama Valley and Darvel Bay Area Colony Ann. Rep. Geol. Suv. Dept. 1958, p. 73-85. of North Borneo. Brit. Borneo Geol. Suv. Mem., 4, AHMAD MUNIF KORAINI, 1993. Tertiary palynomorphs from 142 pp. Batu Arang, Malaysia. Warta Geologi, 19 (3) p.116. FITCH, F.H., 1958. The geology and mineral resources of ALEXANDER, J.B., 1956. Lexique Stratigraphique Interna- the Sandakan Area and parts of the Kinabatangan and tional, Vol. 3. Asie, fascicules 6b and 7c Malaya, Centre Labuk Valleys North Borneo. Brit. Borneo Geol. Suv. National de la Recherche Scientfique, Paris. Mem., 9, 202 pp. ALEXANDER, J.B., PATON, J.R. & JONES, C.R., 1959. Geol- FOO, K.Y., 1990. Geology and mineral resources of the ogy and palaeontology in Malaya. Nature, 183, p. 230- Taiping-Kuala Kangsar area Perak Darul Ridzuan. 232. Geol. Suv. Malaysia Map Rep., 1, 145 pp. BANDA, R.M. AND ENGGONG AJI, 1986. Progress Report: HAILE, N.S. AND WONG, N.P.Y., 1965. The geology and Geological Mapping of the Usun Apau Area, Sarawak. mineral resources of Dent Peninsula Sabah. Borneo Geol. Surv. Mal., Ann. Rep., 1986, p. 430-440. Region Geol. Suv. Mem., 16, 199 pp. BANDA, R.M., 1989. Progress Report: Geological Mapping, HAILE, N.S., 1954. The Geology and Mineral Resources of Northern Usun Apau Area, Sarawak. Geol. Surv. Mal., the Strap and Sadong Valleys, west Sarawak, includ- Proc. 20th Geol. Conf., 1989, p. 146-155. ing the Klingkang Range Coal. Brit. Borneo Geol. Suv. Mem., 1.

160 CENOZOIC

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ISBN 983-99102-3-X Stratigraphic Lexicon of Malaysia Lee Chai Peng, Mohd. Shafeea Leman, Kamaludin Hassan, Bahari Md. Nasib & Rashidah Karim