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Regional Oral History Office University of California the Bancroft Library Berkeley, California Jessie Bierman MATERNAL and CHIL

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Regional Oral History Office University of California the Bancroft Library Berkeley, California Jessie Bierman MATERNAL and CHIL Regional Oral History Office University of California The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California Jessie Bierman MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH IN NONTANA, CALIFORNIA, THE U.S. CHILDREN'S BUREAU, AND WIO, 1926-1967 With an introduction by Pauline Stitt An Interview Conducted by Jacqueline Parker in 1986 Copy right @ 1987 by The Regents of the University of California All uses of this manuscript are covered by a legal agreement between the University of California and Jessie M. Bierman dated June 3, 1986. The manuscript is thereby made available for research purposes. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. No part of the manuscript may be quoted for publication without the written permission of the Director of The Bancroft Library of the University of California at Berkeley. Requests for permission to quote for publication should be addressed to the Regional Oral History Office, 486 Library, and should include identification of.i.the specific passages to be quoted, anticipated use of the passages, and identification of the user. The legal agreement with Jessie M. Bierman requires that she be notified of the request and allowed thirty days in which to respond. It is recommended that this oral history be cited as follows: Jessie M. Bierman,"Maternal and Child Health in Montana, California, the U.S. Children's Bureau, and WHO, 1926-1967," an oral history conducted in 1986 by Jacqueline Parker, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1987. Copy No. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Regional Oral History Office is proud to be able to add Dr. Jessie Bierman's name to our roster of inter- viewees who have contributed significantly to the history of California and the West. On behalf of future scholars, we thank those persons who have made this oral history possible: Esther Bierman Simon and family for financial support; Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, for financial support; Pauline G. Stitt, M.D., former student and later colleague of Jessie Bierman, for her insightful and personal introduction to the volume; Majorie Larney, Assistant Editor in the Regional Oral History Office, for her shepherding of the manuscript through from raw tape to final indexed volume ; And most particularly, Jacqueline K. Parker, Associate Professor of Social Service at Cleveland State University,who conceived of the oral history when her research revealed Dr. Bierman's role in the U.S. Children's Bureau, and who volunteered her time and expertise to interview and edit the oral history and to prepare the index and interview history (her previous work in oral history having become a national model.) And finally and crucially, Jessie Bierman herself who spent hundreds of hours preparing for the oral history, working with Jacqueline Parker in a marathon of recording in Eugene, Oregon, reviewing transcripts, checking out facts, and gathering photographs and illustrative materials. And who added her own financial support when the project costs overran the budget. Willa Baum Division Head July, 1987 Regional Oral History Office CITATION TO HONORARY LLD DEGREE CONFERRED BY U.C. SAN FRANCISCO June 4, 1966 JESSIE MARGUERITE BIERMAN Trained as a pediatrician, she left clinical practice and teaching in this specialty to become one of the leaders in developing and adminis- tering public program for the improvement of maternal and child health. Her widely respected achievements in governmental public health posts led to her appointment as Professor of Maternal and Child Health in the University's School of Public Health, in which position she has directed the training of many leaders in the field. She has served as consultant to national and international agencies concerned with promoting the well being of mothers and children around the world. For her outstanding work in the service of this important goal, we confer on her today our highest honor. TABLE OF CONTENTS -- Jessie Bierman, M.D., M.P.H. PREFACE by Joyce C. Lashof 1 INTRODUCTION by Pauline Stitt iii INTERVIEW HISTORY I FAMILY Henry Bierman, Father Frontier Occupations Puerperal Sepsis Alice Chapman, Mother Homesteading near Kalispell Jessie's Birth CHILDHOOD Skittish Horse Kalispell Indians German and Germans Trips with Father Marit a1 Dynamics Scoliosis Trips with Mother Church Tomboy Pack Trip Montanans Deer Hunt EDUCATION High School To Be a Doctor University of Montana, 1918-1921 Influenza Epidemic Yellow Bay Biological Station Dr. Morton J. Elrod Flirting with Johns Hopkins Rush Medical College, University of Chicago, 1921-1927 Quotas Cape Cod Marine Biological Laboratory, 1922 Publication Peptic Ulcer (1923) Teaching Microscopic Anatomy, Loyola University Medical School, Chicago, 1923-1926 Professors IV INTERNSHIP AND PRACTICE, 1926-1936 San Francisco Children's Hospital Preceptorship Practice First Love Networks Langley Porter Polio Social Life Child Deaths Allergy Expert Uncommon Cases Well-Baby Clinic V MONTANA STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, 1936-1938 Maternal and Child Health Division Drought Green Grassers Investigating Maternal Deaths Infant Deaths on Reservations Silicosis Publicity Reception of Maternal and Child Health VI U.S. CHILDREN'S BUREAU, 1938-1942 Better Care Conference Assistant Director, Health Division Martha May Eliot, M.D. Federal-State Relations Missouri and the Merit System Nebraska and Infant Mortality Public Health Degree--1942 Midwest Regional Consultant Informal Washington Network Eliot's Credo Effect of War on Children, Office of Military Government, U. S. , Haven Emerson VII WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO), 1956-1957 Consultant for WHO: India Population Control Diseases of Poverty Children's Bureau and the Public Health Service American Academy of Pediatrics Maternal and Child Health Unit, Geneva USSR Conference Children's Services The Georgian Republic Suez Crisis WHO Bureaucracy Candidate for Children's Bureau Chief VIII CLIFORNIA STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 1942-1947 Chief, Maternal and Child Health Section Emergency Maternity and Infant Care (EMIC) Program Special Education for Handicapped Children Hearing Tests for Children Lanham Act IX UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 1947-1967 Berkeley M.P.H. Curriculum Kauai Longitudinal Study Founding the School of Public Health Harvard Offer Dean Edward Roberts Loyalty Oath Controversy Collegiality Dean Charles Smith Cross-Discipline Contacts Former Students Shaping Maternal and Child Health X THE BIERMAN FILES Harvard Correspondence Eliot Correspondence (The Children's Bureau Succession, 1957: Bierman on the Short ~ist) American Public Health Association Evaluation Research Honors National Academy of Sciences Nutrition Study WHO Conference on Human Development and Public Health A Different Medical Curriculum Sex Discrimination Women 's Roles IN TRUST FOR THE FUTURE Environmental Concerns University of Montana ~iologicalStation The Bierman Professorship Camel Valley Manor Flathead Lake The House Salmon Fishing Mexican Cherry Pickers A Storm on the Lake Winters Sister Travels The Pacific Basin China The Philippines Singapore XI1 SUMMING UP Maternal and Child Health Politics in California A Life Dependent on Ideas Bierman's Credo APPENDIX 201 Curriculum Vitae 202 Awards, University of Chicago Alumni Association, 1984 207 Petticoat and Stethoscope, A Montana Legend, Edited by John 209 A. Forssen, 1978. H.E. Thelander, M.D., "~hildren's Hospital of San Francisco", 213 The Medical Woman's Journal, July, 1934. Jessie M. Bierman, "Advocacy and Inquiry: Their roles in 217 development of health services for Mothers and Children", American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 56, No. 5, May, 1966. Jessie M. Bierman, "Some Things Learned", American Journal of 223 Public Health, Vol. 59, No. 6, June, 1969. Article from the Lewiston News-Argus titled "Henry Bierman 228 survived early days in Montana." Dated Sunday, December 15, 1985. INDEX PREFACE Jessie M. Bierman joined the faculty of the UC Berkeley School of Public Health as its first Professor of Maternal and Child Health in 1947. She came to the university with a wealth of knowledge and experience which she shared with and imparted to her graduate students. Dr. Bierman began her professional career in private practice. After nine years, she was attracted to the field of public health in the special area of maternal and child health. Her first position in the field was with the Montana State Board of Health as a director of maternal and child health. Together with Dr. Martha M. Eliot, Chief of the U.S. Children's Bureau, she pioneered the delivery of high quality health care to children. She became an effective advocate for change collaborating with voluntary and professional organizations as well as government agencies and legislative bodies. Later, as Director of Crippled Children's Services for the State of California, she created one of the nation's most outstanding programs and persuaded the state legislature to adopt a permanent source of tax revenue to meet the needs of handicapped children and their families. The stamina, dedication, and intellectual integrity that Dr. Bierman demonstrated in these positions was also evident in her teaching at Berkeley. A former student writes: "As a young pediatrician it was clear to me that she was a giant in her field. Her commitment to applying public health sciences of biostatistics and epidemiology to community diagnosis and programming came alive in her lectures,
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